Computer Reservations Systems, Airlines, and the Internet Aimee Minick
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The Antitrust Implications of Computer Reservations Systems (CRS's) Derek Saunders
Journal of Air Law and Commerce Volume 51 | Issue 1 Article 5 1985 The Antitrust Implications of Computer Reservations Systems (CRS's) Derek Saunders Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.smu.edu/jalc Recommended Citation Derek Saunders, The Antitrust Implications of Computer Reservations Systems (CRS's), 51 J. Air L. & Com. 157 (1985) https://scholar.smu.edu/jalc/vol51/iss1/5 This Comment is brought to you for free and open access by the Law Journals at SMU Scholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of Air Law and Commerce by an authorized administrator of SMU Scholar. For more information, please visit http://digitalrepository.smu.edu. THE ANTITRUST IMPLICATIONS OF COMPUTER RESERVATIONS SYSTEMS (CRS's) DEREK SAUNDERS THE PASSAGE of the Airline Deregulation Act' dramat- ically altered the airline industry. Market forces, rather than government agencies, 2 began to regulate the indus- try. The transition, however, has not been an easy one. Procedures and relationships well suited to a regulated in- dustry are now viewed as outdated, onerous, and even anticompetitive. The current conflict over carrier-owned computer res- ervation systems (CRS's) represents one instance of these problems.3 The air transportation distribution system re- lies heavily on the use of CRS's, particularly since deregu- lation and the resulting increase in airline activity. 4 One I Pub. L. No. 95-504, 92 Stat. 1705 (codified at 49 U.S.C.A. § 1401 (Supp. 1984)). 2 Competitive Market Investigation, CAB Docket 36,595 (Dec. 16, 1982) at 3. For a discussion of deregulation in general and antitrust problems specifically, see Beane, The Antitrust Implications of Airline Deregulation, 45 J. -
Credit Travel Rewards Catalog Available, You Will Be Advised to Make an Alternate Selection Or May Return Your Points to Your Account
ScoreCard® Bonus Point Program Rules 4) Reservations shall also be subject to airline availability for advance gift shop purchases, gambling, beauty salon/barber shop/spa services, 1. As provided in these rules (“Rules”), account holders (“You” or “you”) earn (1) Point in the ScoreCard® fare category seating , non-refundable type tickets for the travel dates laundry, photographs, email, internet and fax, etc.) are the responsibility Program (“Program”) for every dollar in qualifying purchases that you: (i) charge to an eligible credit card specified. 5) ScoreCard travel services reserves the right to choose the of the Cardholder. 4) Cruises are non-refundable, non-cancelable and non- account covered by the Program (“Account”); and (ii) that appears on your statement during the Program Period. Purchases that are returned do not qualify for Points. No Points are earned for finance charges, fees, airline and routing on which to reserve and ticket Cardholders. transferable. Once redeemed, Bonus Points may not be added back to your cash advances, convenience checks, ATM withdrawals, foreign transaction currency conversion charges or ScoreCard account. 5) Please check with ScoreCard travel representatives Universal First Class/Business Class Ticket insurance charges posted to your account. Contact your financial institution (“Sponsor”) for full details on the Item Points Item # Item Points Item # for any documentation requirements or other restrictions associated Program Period dates during which you are eligible to earn Points. Cardholder is responsible for any overages above the maximum ticket with cruises. It is the guest’s responsibility to obtain appropriate 2. Points can be used to order the merchandise/travel awards (“Award(s)”) available in the current Program. -
Validating Carrier, Interline, and GSA
Validating Carrier, Interline, and GSA Developer Administration Guide August 2014 W Q2 © 2012-2014, Sabre Inc. All rights reserved. This documentation is the confidential and proprietary intellectual property of Sabre. Any unauthorized use, reproduction, preparation of derivative works, performance, or display of this document, or software represented by this document, without the express written permission of Sabre Inc. is strictly prohibited. Sabre and the Sabre logo design and Sabre Travel Network and the Sabre Travel Network logo design are trademarks and/or service marks of an affiliate of Sabre. All other trademarks, service marks, and trade names are owned by their respective companies. DOCUMENT REVISION INFORMATION The following information is to be included with all versions of the document. Project Project Name Number Prepared by Date Prepared Revised by Date Revised Revision Reason Edition No. Revised by Date Revised Revision Reason Edition No. Revised by Date Revised Revision Reason Edition No. • • • Table of Contents 1 Getting Started 1.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................................... 1-1 1.2 Summary of Changes .................................................................................................................................... 1-1 1.3 About This Guide ........................................................................................................................................... 1-2 2 -
Global Distribution Systems
Understanding the GDS Global Distribution Systems Presented by Kyle Kraft How airlines distribution works | Global Distribution Systems | New Distribution Capabilities (NDC) Produced by Altexsoft.com https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kysFEvbzEgA Video clip By AltexSoft, Inc REFERENCE: https://www.altexsoft.com/blog/travel/historyy-of-flight-booking-crss-gds-distribution-travel-agencies-and-online-reservations/ Quick Recap YouTube Video Est. 1987 Est. 1964 Est. 1997 Est. 1971-Apollo GDS – large flight aggregator collecting over 400 airlines inventory and distribute to travel agencies via their API (Application Programming Interface). GDS extended service offerings to include • Hotel, Rail, Cruise, Car Rental and Airport Transfers 3 Quick Recap YouTube Video How does the GDS work? Connects to the airline’s CRS (Central Reservation System) • CRS software manages the seat reservations on airline sites • Two additional 3rd Parties support GDS’ ATPCo – Airline Main global source of fare information is distributed across GDSs and OTA (Online Travel Agents) and Price Aggregators Innovata, OAG (Official Airline Guide)– provides scheduling services including flight schedules, routing and flight code information Quick Recap YouTube Video • Airlines lack of valuable customer data to enrich their ancillary and personalization offerings • Select seat, upgrade class of service, take additional luggage, secure priority boarding and order a better meal • Airlines working towards servicing directly with travelers – LF and low cost carrier Ryanair • IATA – -
He Power of Partnering Under the Proper Circumstances, the Airbus A380
A MAGAZINE FOR AIRLINE EXECUTIVES 2007 Issue No. 2 T a k i n g y o u r a i r l i n e t o new heights TThehe PowerPower ofof PartneringPartnering A Conversation with Abdul Wahab Teffaha, Secretary General Arab Air Carriers Organization. Special Section I NSIDE Airline Mergers and Consolidation Carriers can quickly recover 21 from irregular operations Singapore Airlines makes 46 aviation history High-speed trains impact Eu- 74 rope’s airlines The eMergo Solutions Several products in the Sabre Airline Solutions® portfolio are available ® ® through the Sabre eMergo Web access distribution method: ™ Taking your airline to new heights • Quasar passenger revenue accounting system 2007 Issue No. 2 Editors in Chief • Revenue Integrity option within SabreSonic® Res Stephani Hawkins B. Scott Hunt 3150 Sabre Drive Southlake, Texas 76092 • Sabre® AirFlite™ Planning and Scheduling Suite www.sabreairlinesolutions.com Art Direction/Design Charles Urich • Sabre® AirMax® Revenue Management Suite Design Contributor Ben Williams Contributors • Sabre® AirPrice™ fares management system Allen Appleby, Jim Barlow, Edward Bowman, Jack Burkholder, Mark Canton, Jim Carlsen-Landy, Rick Dietert, Vinay Dube, Kristen Fritschel, Peter Goodfellow, ® ™ Dale Heimann, Ian Hunt, Carla Jensen, • Sabre CargoMax Revenue and Pricing Suite Brent Johnson, Billie Jones, Maher Koubaa, Sandra Meekins, Nancy Ornelas, Lalita Ponnekanti and Jessica Thorud. • Sabre® Loyalty Suite Publisher George Lynch Awards ® ® • Sabre Rocade Airline Operations Suite 2007 International Association of Business Communicators Bronze Quill. 2005 and 2006 International Association • Sabre® WiseVision™ Data Analysis Suite of Business Communicators Bronze Quill, Silver Quill and Gold Quill. 2004 International Association of Business ® Communicators Bronze Quill and Silver • SabreSonic Check-in Quill. -
AEROSPACE July Cover.Indd
www.aerosociety.com ‘X’ MARKS THE SPOT ONBOARD THE A350 AS IT ENTERS FINAL TESTING August 2014 CIVIL UAVs AND THE LAW SYRIA’S AIR FORCE HONEYWELL AT 100 YEARS THE NATIONAL AEROSPACE LIBRARY FARNBOROUGH FULL LIBRARY CATALOGUE NOW AVAILABLE ONLINE. VISIT WWW.AEROSOCIETY.COM/NAL TO BROWSE THE COLLECTION The National Aerospace Library houses an extensive collection devoted to aeronautics, aviation and aerospace technology. This includes: › Over 20,000 aeronautical books › A vast collection of key aviation journals › Over 40,000 technical reports › Extensive holdings of Air Publications, ATA handling notes and air accident reports › Extensive current holdings of International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Documents / Annexes / Circulars › Notices to Airmen / The Air Pilot / UK Aeronautical Information Publication (AIP) › A complete set of Jane’s All The World’s Aircraft › Historically important past minutes of the Society of British Aircraft Constructors / Aerospace Companies (SBAC) Council and its various committees dating from 1916-2000 › Located at Farnborough Business Park, in the former Royal Aircraft Establishment Building now known as ‘The Hub’ www.aerosociety.com/nal The National Aerospace Library The Hub, Fowler Avenue, T +44 (0)1252 701038 Opening hours Farnborough Business Park, E [email protected] Tuesday - Friday 10:00 - 16:00 Farnborough, Hants GU14 7JP www.aerosociety.com/nal United Kingdom Volume 41 Number 8 August 2014 Boeing Green dreams Honeywell Honeywell at 100 Boeing tests of Future technology new environmental under development at performance technology 20 Honeywell. 28 on a series of different aircraft platforms. Contents Correspondence on all aerospace matters is welcome at: The Editor, AEROSPACE, No.4 Hamilton Place, London W1J 7BQ, UK [email protected] Comment Regulars 4 Radome 12 Transmission The latest aviation and Your letters, emails, tweets aeronautical intelligence, and feedback. -
Remarks of Julie Frederick Association of Professional Flight
Remarks of Julie Frederick Association of Professional Flight Attendants Before the Advisory Committee for Aviation Consumer Protection Meeting Space Allocated Per Passenger on Aircraft April 14, 2015 Good morning Members of the Advisory Committee. I am here as a representative of the Association of Professional Flight Attendants. The APFA represents the world’s largest air carrier and is the largest main line flight attendant union in the world, with over 25,000 flight attendants. I am pleased to appear before you today to offer a flight attendant’s perspective regarding safety and health concerns relative to the space allocated for customers on board passenger aircraft. We believe we are at a crossroads regarding passenger travel and the customer experience. Driven by the past economic realities of aviation travel, experiences for the coach economy passenger today is often a negative one that increasingly affects safety and security, as well as the overall customer traveling experience. Seat pitch – that is, as you know, the distance between a seat and the seat either in front of or behind another seat – used to be 34 inches. Since deregulation, the air carriers have steadily reduced the seating space for economy passengers as they have increased passenger density. What was once the norm – 34 inches of pitch – is now considered “comfort class or main cabin extra” and comes only at a premium. The gradual shrinking of personal seat space has been accompanied by a new discipline by management on load factors so that more and more flights are full. That is good for our companies’ bottom line but the days of the empty middle seat are a thing of the past. -
Effect of Passenger Position on Crash Injury Risk in Transport-Category Aircraft
DOT/FAA/AM-15/17 Office of Aerospace Medicine Washington, DC 20591 Effect of Passenger Position on Crash Injury Risk in Transport-Category Aircraft Amanda M. Taylor Richard L. DeWeese David M. Moorcroft Civil Aerospace Medical Institute Federal Aviation Administration Oklahoma City, OK 73125 September 2015 Revised 11/19/2015 (see erratum page, inside cover) Final Report NOTICE This document is disseminated under the sponsorship of the U.S. Department of Transportation in the interest of information exchange. The United States Government assumes no liability for the contents thereof. ___________ This publication and all Office of Aerospace Medicine technical reports are available in full-text from the Federal Aviation Administration website. ERRATA This report, as originally published, contained errors, all of which have been corrected and eliminated from the revised report. The authors regret the oversight. Below is a list of corrections. 1. In the original version of this report, Tables 3,4,5,and 6 contained a typographical error. The Criteria Limit for the Negative Right Femur My (in-lb) and the Negative Left Femur My (in-lb) should have been 2655, not 2265. 2. Page A1: Third bullet, last sentence, change “exceeded the limit” to “was relatively high.” 3. Page A2: Third bullet, last sentence, change “exceeded the limit” to “was relatively high.” 4. Page A3: Third bullet, second sentence, change “exceeded the limit” to “was relatively high.” 5. Page A6: Third bullet, last sentence, change “which exceeded the limit” to “that was relatively high.” 6. Page A7: Third bullet, last sentence, change “both of which were greater than the limit” ” to “The TI exceeded the limit and the Y-Axis moment was relatively high.” 7. -
CBP Traveler Entry Forms CBP Declaration, I-94, and I-94W Welcome to the United States
CBP Traveler Entry Forms CBP Declaration, I-94, and I-94W Welcome to the United States Whether you are a visitor to the United States or U.S. citizen, each individual arriving into the United States must complete one or more of U.S. Customs and Border Protection’s (CBP) entry forms. This publication will provide you with detailed instructions on filling out those entry forms. Every traveler must complete the CBP Declaration Form 6059B. This form provides CBP with basic information about who you are and what you are bringing into the country, such as agriculture products and whether or not you have visited a farm prior to traveling to the United States. If you are traveling with other immediate family members, you can complete one form for your entire family. Some travelers will need to complete a CBP Form I-94. This form must be completed by all travelers except U.S. citizens, returning resident aliens, aliens with immigrant visas, and Canadian citizens who are visiting or in transit. Nonimmigrant visitors who are seeking entry to the United States under the Visa Waiver Program must fill out the CBP Form I-94W. If you have questions about your form that are not answered in this publication, please don’t hesitate to ask a CBP officer for help. CBP Declaration Form (6059B) Smith mona L 1 5 0 5 5 6 2 151 main Street Greenville IN USa 123456789 USa itaLy dL 33 x x x x x x x x 1,800.00 Mona L. Smith 16/12/02 (see next page for side 2) CBP Traveler Entry Forms 1 CBP Declaration Form (side 2) 2 CBP Declaration Form Instructions Side 1 1. -
08-06-2021 Airline Ticket Matrix (Doc 141)
Airline Ticket Matrix 1 Supports 1 Supports Supports Supports 1 Supports 1 Supports 2 Accepts IAR IAR IAR ET IAR EMD Airline Name IAR EMD IAR EMD Automated ET ET Cancel Cancel Code Void? Refund? MCOs? Numeric Void? Refund? Refund? Refund? AccesRail 450 9B Y Y N N N N Advanced Air 360 AN N N N N N N Aegean Airlines 390 A3 Y Y Y N N N N Aer Lingus 053 EI Y Y N N N N Aeroflot Russian Airlines 555 SU Y Y Y N N N N Aerolineas Argentinas 044 AR Y Y N N N N N Aeromar 942 VW Y Y N N N N Aeromexico 139 AM Y Y N N N N Africa World Airlines 394 AW N N N N N N Air Algerie 124 AH Y Y N N N N Air Arabia Maroc 452 3O N N N N N N Air Astana 465 KC Y Y Y N N N N Air Austral 760 UU Y Y N N N N Air Baltic 657 BT Y Y Y N N N Air Belgium 142 KF Y Y N N N N Air Botswana Ltd 636 BP Y Y Y N N N Air Burkina 226 2J N N N N N N Air Canada 014 AC Y Y Y Y Y N N Air China Ltd. 999 CA Y Y N N N N Air Choice One 122 3E N N N N N N Air Côte d'Ivoire 483 HF N N N N N N Air Dolomiti 101 EN N N N N N N Air Europa 996 UX Y Y Y N N N Alaska Seaplanes 042 X4 N N N N N N Air France 057 AF Y Y Y N N N Air Greenland 631 GL Y Y Y N N N Air India 098 AI Y Y Y N N N N Air Macau 675 NX Y Y N N N N Air Madagascar 258 MD N N N N N N Air Malta 643 KM Y Y Y N N N Air Mauritius 239 MK Y Y Y N N N Air Moldova 572 9U Y Y Y N N N Air New Zealand 086 NZ Y Y N N N N Air Niugini 656 PX Y Y Y N N N Air North 287 4N Y Y N N N N Air Rarotonga 755 GZ N N N N N N Air Senegal 490 HC N N N N N N Air Serbia 115 JU Y Y Y N N N Air Seychelles 061 HM N N N N N N Air Tahiti 135 VT Y Y N N N N N Air Tahiti Nui 244 TN Y Y Y N N N Air Tanzania 197 TC N N N N N N Air Transat 649 TS Y Y N N N N N Air Vanuatu 218 NF N N N N N N Aircalin 063 SB Y Y N N N N Airlink 749 4Z Y Y Y N N N Alaska Airlines 027 AS Y Y Y N N N Alitalia 055 AZ Y Y Y N N N All Nippon Airways 205 NH Y Y Y N N N N Amaszonas S.A. -
Sabre Corporation (Exact Name of Registrant As Specified in Its Charter)
' UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D. C. 20549 FORM 10-K ~ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 or • TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 Sabre Corporation (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) Delaware 001-36422 20-8647322 (State or other jurisdiction (Commission File Number) (I.R.S. Employer of Incorporation or organization) Identification No.) 3150 Sabre Drive Southlake, TX 76092 (Address, including zip code, ofprinc ipal executive offices) (682) 605-1000 (Registrant's telephone number, including area code) Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: Common Stock, $0.01 par value The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC (Title of class) (Name of exchange on which registered ) Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None Indicate by check mark if the registrantis a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes l!I No • Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act Yes • No l!I Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has fi led all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. -
Airline Control System Version 2: General Information Manual Figures
Airline Control System Version 2 IBM General Information Manual Release 4.1 GH19-6738-13 Airline Control System Version 2 IBM General Information Manual Release 4.1 GH19-6738-13 Note Before using this information and the product it supports, be sure to read the general information under “Notices” on page ix. This edition applies to Release 4, Modification Level 1, of Airline Control System Version 2, Program Number 5695-068, and to all subsequent releases and modifications until otherwise indicated in new editions. Order publications through your IBM representative or the IBM branch office serving your locality. Publications are not stocked at the address given below. A form for readers’ comments appears at the back of this publication. If the form has been removed, address your comments to: ALCS Development 2455 South Road P923 Poughkeepsie NY 12601-5400 USA When you send information to IBM, you grant IBM a nonexclusive right to use or distribute the information in any way it believes appropriate without incurring any obligation to you. © Copyright IBM Corporation 2003, 2019. US Government Users Restricted Rights – Use, duplication or disclosure restricted by GSA ADP Schedule Contract with IBM Corp. Contents Figures .................................... v Tables .................................... vii Notices .................................... ix Trademarks ................................... ix About this book ................................ xi Who should read this book .............................. xi Related publications ...............................