DOCSLIB.ORG

World Bank Document

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
World Bank Document FOR -IMMEOIATE RELEASE WORLD , • INTERNATIONAL BJ-\NK FOR RECONSTRUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT 1818 H STREET, N.W., WASHINGTON 25, D. C. TELEPHONE: EXECUTIVE 3-6360 Public Disclosure Authorized PRESS RELEASE NO. 628 SUBJECT: $66 million loan for iron March l 7, 196o ore development in Mauritania The World Bank today made a loan e~ivalent to $66 million for the develop­ ment of high-grade iron ore deposits in the Islamic Republic of Mauritania in northwest Africa .. The project will open up completely new opportunities for economic growth in Mauritania, where the severity of natural conditions Public Disclosure Authorized narrowly limits expansion of the traditional agriculture and livestock raising. Revenues from taxes and royalties should dramatically reverse the present chronic budget deficits and provide Mauritania with a unique opportunity to become self-supporting. • The loan was made to the Societe Anonyme des Mines de Fer de Mauritanie (Miferma), a Mauritanian company whose share capital is widely held. Somewhat Public Disclosure Authorized over half the shares are held by French, British, German and Italian consumers of iron ore or their representatives, who have signed long-term contracts to purchase at least tJ1:ree million tons of ore a year. The remaining shares are held by private French financial interests (20%) and by an agency of the French Government responsible for mineral exploration and development (27%). Tbe Bank loan will help to finance equipment and services to mine ore at a rate which would eventually reach six million tons a year; construction of a 415-mile railway to transport the ore from the mines nea.r Fort Gouraud to Port Public Disclosure Authorized Etienne on the Atlantic coast; and construction of port and other facilities • • - 2 - • The iron ore deposits are located in a low mountain range, lmown as the Kedia D-'Idjil, which rises 1,800 feet above the Saha.ran plain near the old military post of Fort Gouraud. Open pit reserves are estimated. to be about 115 million tons with an average shipping grade of 63'1/o; the ore is similar to high-grade Swedish and South American ores. The ore will be mined by con­ ventional open-pit methods and shipped after simple crushing. The ore will be transported to Port Etienne in long,heavy trains, carry­ ing 10,000 tons on a single trip. Facilities to be installed will be capable of loading or unloading a train in three hours. Each train will be made up \, of about 135 wagons, headed by four 2,000 n.p. diesel-electric locomotives, and will have an average operating speed of 40 miles an hour. The 415- mile railway will be a single track, standard-gauge line with heavy rails welded throughout,, It will traverse open desert and. the movement of trains will be controlled by radio. • The main bay on which Port Rtienne· is located is well protected and has deep water close inshore. The new port facilities will provide berthage for ships of up to 6o,ooo deadweight tons. storage will be provided for the stock­ piling of about 650,000 tons of ore so that shipments· can be maintained during the · .. four hottest months of the year when mining operations will be cut 50a/o. The initial capacity,of facilities for loading ships will be 3,000 tons an hour, with provi$ion for an increase to 6,000 tons. Because of the isolated. location of the deposits and of the port, Miferma will provide housing and community facilities, workshops, water and power supplies at both Fo:i:~t Gouraud and. at Port Etienne. When the mine, railwa.y, port and auxiliary services are in full operation, Miferma ,yr.ill employ about • 2,000 people, of whom .about tv10-thirds are expected to be recruited locally. .· 3 - A training center will be set up at Port Etienne to assure that skilled Ma.uritanians will be available for the operational period. The new town • to be created at Fort Gouri~ud may have u:p to 3,500 inhabitants, and the population of Port Etienne, now a small fishing village, may rise as high as 10,000, if the other investments which it is hoped the presence of Miferma will stimulate are carried out. Work on the port and the railroad is scheduled to start soon. The rail­ road is expected to take about four yea.rs. to complete, but mining operations will start in about two years to build up a stockpile of ore ready to ship as soon as the railroad is through. At that time the mine and railroad will have a capacity of four million tons a year, which will be increased thereafter to six million tons by the installation of additional mining and transport equipment • The cost of the completed project is estimated at the equivalent of $190 • million. To reach the four-million ton stage will require about $150 million, which will be financed by share capital and. loans from the French Government in addition to the Bank loan of $66 million. The equivalent of $40 million required. to increase capacity to six million tons a year is expected. to come I' from funds generated by operations. Procurement of goods and services will be on an international basis to the fullest extent practicable. The loan is for a term of 15 years and bears inter.est of 6/:;% per m...mum including the 1% commission which is allocated. to the Bank's Special Reserve. Amortization will begin in January 1966. The loan is .guaranteed. by the Republic of France and by the Islamic Republic of Mauritania. After having been approved by the Bank's Executive Directors, the loan documents were signed by His Excellency Herve Alphand, Ambassador for France in the United States, on behalf of France; by His Excellency Mokta.r Ould Daddah, Prime Minister of the Islamic Republic of.· ·Mauritania, on 'b~ha.).f of Mauritania; by M. Paul Leroy-Beaulieu, President of Societe .Anonyme des Mines de Fer de Maurita.nie, and by Mr. J. Burke Knapp, Vice President, on • behalf of' the World Bank. -«,.,,_,, i, MAURITANIA ~·+,., • D • • C ""''·. ""'\ MIFERMA PROJECT '~--~.~ ~Ct-~ t ~- /"; .... 1\ .. ~ ,1..,.,,• .i "'·'-.-~····~ ;( 1),,.. / (J .··::.~.,-..,,. '-,, ~j ·""'). \,• ' ... +-+ +-+ ++.... PROPOSED RAILWAY l •·• ,.> :;:::. ,.:.:.: 1jJ:: SHIFTING DUNES -\,.,,~.,~--·.i'•t.""'j•, .. J. Q ..... -·-·-·~·- SAND DUNES .,,,,.-· t:l~·i:·:.;~~) • MOUNTAINOUS AREA / ~-\ l ROADS / ti Ji fj INTERNATIONAL I rJ BOUNDARY I ()t.,~ 10 20 30 40 50Mi I ./l i '.;,( 10 20 30 40 50Km (.?tJ p I I I 1-----d i i (:i i.. \ C, ~~ i lJ I) 0 Fo~r~::'.;;~~~~' J.._ ' (} \ .~:,1 0 ti ~ -=.f'\., .. , :.,'/ Q • QI"' ,,..., ~ ,..,"!-~·'0 :..: a ~i\ \ C ~ 0 ~ 0 l i ~ 0 IR <CD ; ~~~,.., ... ,.,,,./ ~6 r.::.9 t-;1 ~ft ~ ~.: ;{,.;.:.:: ';;/~~ i;~ ,, ...,_._.,,,. .i ./.. / REPUBLIC OF NIGER MA!Jl OCTOBER 1959 - 4 - The Economy of Mauritania • The Islamic Republic of Mauritania is an autonomous republic within the Community established by the French Constitution of October 1958. Mauri­ tania has full sovereignty except for those affairs which are the re­ sponsibility of the Community -- defense, foreign affairs, currency and economic and financial questions common to the Community as a whole. In area, Mauritania is .twice the size of France and extends 800 miles north and northeastward from the Valley of the Senegal River into the Sah~a .. Most of the country is desolate, barren and empty and the climate is hot and dry. Hot, desiccating winds blow most of the year and. the temperature is well over 100 degrees Fahrenheit in the summer. Regular rain is limited to the southern regions where an annual total of 10-25 inches falls. in 3 to 5 · months. The country is flat except for a central ridge of low rock formation. The small and scattered population numbers between 650,000 and 1,000,000. Somewhat over 100,000 are Negroes settled on the banks of the Senegal River, and the remainder are Maures, of predominantly Arab and Berber blood, who live as nomad~ with their herds farther to the north. The economy of Mauritania is primitive and the average level of incomes is among the lowest in West Af'rica. About 90% of the people live from agri­ culture, largely on a subsistence basis. There are only about 20,000 wage and. salary earners, of whom 18,000 belong to the public sector, including military personnel, and receive half or more of their pay from France. other income-producing activities a.re virtually non-existent • Du.ring the rainy seasons, the arid plains up to the 20th parallel become immense grazing grounds where the greater part o:f the population live with • and by their herds, drifting southwards in the dry season in search o:f food and. water, and. trading live animals and livestock products for cereals and other basic necessities. Perhaps as many as 40,000 cattle and 250,000 sheep, goats and camels are expnrted. each year on the hoof to the Senegal and Sudan Republics. Settled agriculture is confined. to scattered oases and the north bank of the Senegal river; a limited area has been added by irrigation. The main crop is millet, of which 80,000 tons were harvested in 1956. The only other cereal is maize, of which 6,000 tons were grmm in the same year. Peanuts, fruit and vegetables are also grown but vegetables are the only product traded in any quantity. The fishing grounds off the Mauritanian coast are said. to be very rich. French trawlers and trawlers from the Canary Islands land part of their catch at Port Etienne, where the fish is dried or salted and between 2,000 and 3,000 tons a year re-exported to other West African countries.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Deliverable No. 3.3
    Deliverable No. 3.3 Project acronym: FarFish Project title: Responsive Results-Based Management and capacity building for EU Sustainable Fisheries Partnership Agreement- and international waters Grant agreement No: 727891 Project co-funded by the European Commission within the Horizon2020 Research and innovation programme Start date of project: 1stJune 2017 Duration: 48 months Due date of deliverable: 30/09/2018 Submission date: 14/04/2019 File Name: FarFish_D3.3 Evaluation of governance structures of the cases_V2.0 Revision number: 02 Document status: Final1 Dissemination Level: PU2 Role Name Organisation Date File suffix Authors/ Ingrid Kvalvik Nofima 12/04/2019 IK Task Leaders Author Marianne Svorken Nofima 30/09/2018 MS Author Patrick Berg Sørdahl Nofima 30/09/2018 PBS Author Unn Laksa Syntesa 30/09/2018 UL Author Karim Erzini CCMAR 12/04/2019 KE Author Kim Stobberup CCMAR 12/04/2019 KS Author Kåre Nolde Nielsen UiT 30/09/2018 KNN Author Duarte Fernández Vidal CETMAR 12/04/2019 DFV Author Pierre Failler UoP 12/04/2019 PF Author Cindy Cornet UoP 12/04/2019 CC WP leader Petter Olsen Nofima 14/04/2019 PO Coordinator Jónas R. Viðarsson MATIS 14/04/2019 JRV Administrative Oddur M. Gunnarsson MATIS 14/04/2019 OMG Coordinator 1 Document will be a draft until it has been approved by the coordinator 2 PU: Public, PP: Restricted to other programme participants (including the Commission Services), RE: Restricted to a group specified by the consortium (including the Commission Services), CO: Confidential, only for members of the consortium (including the Commission Services) This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 i research and innovation programme under grant agreement no.
    [Show full text]
  • The Political Economy of Rent-Driven Development in Mauritania
    Area: Subsaharan Africa ARI 134/2008 Date: 21/10/2008 Plus ça Change, Plus c'est la Même Chose: The Political Economy of Rent-driven Development in Mauritania Nicola Pontara* Theme1: After four decades of rent-driven development that has systematically killed off competition in the main sectors of the economy, Mauritania remains inherently prone to authoritarian intervention when powerful interests are threatened. The economy continues to grow relatively slowly and remains undiversified. While the election of Ould Cheikh Abdallahi in 2007 did signal a break with the past, his brief tenure was characterised by the same unresolved tensions that have routinely triggered the intervention of ‘strong men’ since the country’s independence in 1960. Summary: Mauritania’s economy is driven by natural resources: iron ore, fisheries, copper, gold and, more recently, oil. Decades of rent-driven development in these sectors have fostered the development of a system based on clientelism and patronage. A few powerful groups are de facto in control of large businesses in trade and commerce and the banking sector, a phenomenon which has prevented the emergence of a competitive private sector. Although the 2007 elections resulted in the most politically diverse National Assembly in Mauritania’s history, the bloc of MPs linked to the ‘old guard’ continued to control the majority of seats. The country has a complex cultural and ethnic mix. The degree of political representation and economic power, language issues and access to land in the Senegal River valley are at the core of the still unresolved ‘national question’, which characterises the interaction between Mauritania’s main ethno-cultural groups.
    [Show full text]
  • Poverty and the Struggle to Survive in the Fuuta Tooro Region Of
    What Development? Poverty and the Struggle to Survive in the Fuuta Tooro Region of Southern Mauritania Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Christopher Hemmig, M.A. Graduate Program in Near Eastern Languages and Cultures. The Ohio State University 2015 Dissertation Committee: Sabra Webber, Advisor Morgan Liu Katey Borland Copyright by Christopher T. Hemmig 2015 Abstract Like much of Subsaharan Africa, development has been an ever-present aspect to postcolonial life for the Halpulaar populations of the Fuuta Tooro region of southern Mauritania. With the collapse of locally historical modes of production by which the population formerly sustained itself, Fuuta communities recognize the need for change and adaptation to the different political, economic, social, and ecological circumstances in which they find themselves. Development has taken on a particular urgency as people look for effective strategies to adjust to new realities while maintaining their sense of cultural identity. Unfortunately, the initiatives, projects, and partnerships that have come to fruition through development have not been enough to bring improvements to the quality of life in the region. Fuuta communities find their capacity to develop hindered by three macro challenges: climate change, their marginalized status within the Mauritanian national community, and the region's unfavorable integration into the global economy by which the local markets act as backwaters that accumulate the detritus of global trade. Any headway that communities can make against any of these challenges tends to be swallowed up by the forces associated with the other challenges.
    [Show full text]
  • Fisheries Access in West Africa
    Fisheries access in West Africa. Proceedings of two workshops held in Senegal and Mauritania Item Type Proceedings Paper Citation K. Lankester, P.S. Diouf and K. Sané (eds) 215 pp. Publisher WWF-WARPO, Senegal, Download date 24/09/2021 23:33:20 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/1834/320 Workshops on Fisheries Access in West Africa The Promotion of Sustainable and Equitable Fisheries Access Agreements Saly Portudal, Senegal, March 2001 Regional Minimum Conditions for Access to Fisheries Zones Nouakchott, Mauritania, November 2001 Proceedings Kees Lankester Papa Samba Diouf Khady Sané e operation © ® co living apart together Colophon This report contains the proceedings of two international workshops on sustainable fisheries and access agreements. The first workshop was held in Saly Portudal, Senegal in March 2001. The second workshop was held in Nouakchott, Mauritania, in November 2001. The workshop was organised by • WWF-WARPO Marine Office, Senegal • Scomber, the Netherlands • Sub-Regional Fisheries Commission (SRFC/CSRP), West Africa • Novib, The Netherlands • Fenagie-pêche, Senegal (Senegal workshop) • CBDD, Benin (Mauritania workshop) • The Mauritanian Ministry of Fisheries and Maritime Economy (Mauritania workshop) • Ecooperation, The Netherlands (Mauritania workshop) Graphic design Dickhoff Design, Amsterdam. [email protected] Printing PlantijnCasparie, Zwolle. Cover photo Nouadhibou, Mauritania. Photo by Mme Nedwa Mochtar Nech, Mauritanie-2000. For reference purposes K. Lankester, P.S. Diouf and K. Sané (eds) 2002. Fisheries access in West Africa. Proceedings of two workshops held in Senegal and Mauritania, 2001. 215 pp. Contact Scomber Consultancy, The Netherlands, K. Lankester tel. + 31 20 612 2843; [email protected] WWF-WARPO, Senegal, P.S. Diouf tel.
    [Show full text]
  • Strengthen the Framework for the Management of Oil Revenues. Despite Good Progress to Date, the Overall Legal Framework and Procedures Need to Be Strengthened
    Report No.36386-MR Report No.Mauritania 36386-MR ChallengesandOptions Resources: ManagingNatural Mauritania Managing Natural Resources: ChallengesPublic Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure Authorized and Options Country Economic Memorandum Update December 2006 PREM 4 Africa Region Public Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure Authorized Document of the World Bank Public Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure Authorized ... 111 LDF Loi des Finances; Budget ofthe State LDR Loi de RBglement; Budget Execution Law LNG Liquefied Natural Gas MAED MinistBre des Affaires Economiques et du De'veloppement; Ministry ofEconomic Affairs and Development MC Mining Cadastre MDRI Multilateral Debt Relief Initiative MGDs Millennium Development Goals MDRE Ministtre du Ddveloppement Rurale et de 1'Environnement; Ministry ofRural Development and Environment MEP Ministry ofEnergy and Petroleum; Ministere de I'Energie et du Petrole MEN MinistBre de L 'Education National ; Ministry ofEducation MIFERMA Mauritanian Iron Mines ; Mines de Fer de Mauritanie MMI Ministdre de Mines et Industrie; Ministry ofMining and Industry MOF MinistBre de Finance; Ministry of Finance MPEM MinistBre de la P6che et de I'Economie Maritime; Ministry ofFisheries MOHSA MinistBre de la Sante' et 1 'Action Sociale; Ministry ofHealth and Social Action NORAD Norwegian Development Agency MTEF Medium-term Expenditure Framework ONS Office National de la Statistique; National Statistics Office OPEX Operating Expenditure PER Public Expenditure
    [Show full text]
  • State of Play of EU-Mauritania Relations
    DIRECTORATE-GENERAL FOR EXTERNAL POLICIES POLICY DEPARTMENT IN-DEPTH ANALYSIS State of play of EU-Mauritania relations ABSTRACT Mauritania, an important ally of the EU in the fight against terrorism in the Sahel, faces several inter-related development challenges: ensuring an efficient use of the revenue derived from natural resources, economic diversification and improved governance. The severity of these development challenges is increased by difficult political relations between the three main ethnic groups in the country, the dominant group being the Arab-Berber Bidhan. They constitute less than one-third of the country’s population, but dominate economically and politically. The Haratin, the largest group in the country, is made up of descendants of black Africans enslaved by the Bidhan (freed or still enslaved). The third group in the country is the West Africans or Black Mauritanians. Mauritania’s post- independence history is marked by repeated attempts by this group to assert its non-Arab identity and claim for a more equitable share of political and economic power. The tension that these divisions create is a problem in itself, but they can also be appropriated by violent Islamist insurgencies in the region. The urgency of this challenge is further complicated by the likelihood of increased climate change effects that the country is currently not adequately prepared for. This study therefore discusses the main political, economic and development challenges that contemporary Mauritania is faced with, illustrating how these challenges can only be properly grasped with consideration to their historical evolution. Based on this, the study investigates the current basis for EU-Mauritania relations and suggests a select number of policy areas for consideration, as this relationship continues to evolve around issues of mutual concern such as security and development.
    [Show full text]
  • (18-5017) Page: 1/50
    WT/TPR/M/370 WT/TPR/M/371 8 August 2018 (18-5017) Page: 1/50 Trade Policy Review Body 29 and 31 May 2018 TRADE POLICY REVIEW GUINEA AND MAURITANIA MINUTES OF THE MEETING Chairperson: H.E. Mr Eloi Laourou (Benin) CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTORY REMARKS BY THE CHAIRPERSON ....................................................... 2 2 OPENING STATEMENT BY THE REPRESENTATIVES OF MAURITANIA AND GUINEA ............................................................................................................................ 3 3 STATEMENT BY THE DISCUSSANT ................................................................................ 7 4 STATEMENTS BY MEMBERS ........................................................................................ 12 5 REPLIES BY THE REPRESENTATIVES OF MAURITANIA AND GUINEA AND ADDITIONAL COMMENTS ............................................................................................... 40 6 CONCLUDING REMARKS BY THE CHAIRPERSON ......................................................... 49 Note: Advance written questions and additional questions by WTO Members, and the replies provided by Guinea and Mauritania are reproduced in document WT/TPR/M/370/Add.1 and WT/TPR/M/371/Add.1 and will be available online at http://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/tpr_e/tp_rep_e.htm. WT/TPR/M/370 • Guinea WT/TPR/M/371 • Mauritania - 2 - 1 INTRODUCTORY REMARKS BY THE CHAIRPERSON 1.1. This second joint trade policy review of Guinea and Mauritania, the fourth for Guinea and the third for Mauritania, took place on 29 and 31 May 2018. The Chairperson, H.E. Mr Eloi Laourou (Benin), welcomed the delegation of Mauritania, headed by H.E. Ms Naha Mint Hamdi Ould Mouknass, Minister of Trade, Industry and Tourism; the delegation of Guinea, led by Ms Fanta Cissé, Secretary General, Ministry of Trade; the other members of the delegations from Nouakchott and Conakry, together with their colleagues in the two missions in Geneva; and the Discussant, Mr Alberto Sanz Serrano (Spain). 1.2.
    [Show full text]
  • Fisheries Investments and Economic Contribution to the Islamic Republic of Mauritania by the Turkish Fishing Industry
    J. Black Sea/Mediterranean Environment Vol. 24, No. 2: 186-197 (2018) REVIEW ARTICLE Fisheries investments and economic contribution to the Islamic Republic of Mauritania by the Turkish fishing industry Bayram Öztürk Faculty of Aquatic Sciences, Istanbul University, Istanbul, TURKEY Turkish Marine Research Foundation (TUDAV), P.O. BOX: 10, Beykoz, Istanbul, TURKEY Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract Since 2015 Turkish fishing fleet has been catching both pelagic and demersal fish in the coastal waters of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania. Total number of boats has been 51 in the Mauritanian waters, of which 33 are purse seiners and 18 are deep sea trawlers. Among these boats nine of them have returned to Turkey for various reasons but 42 fishing boats are operating at present (June 2018) in the Mauritanian waters. These fishing activities represent about a $200 million investment. Protection of the local people’s food demand has a vital importance and sustainability of the stocks should be the main target for the sustainable fisheries and food safety. Turkish investors has contributed to the social development, welfare and job creation in Mauritania. In addition, they also contribute to the education of the local citizens about fishing industry. Keywords: Fisheries investment, Mauritania, purseseiners, sustainable fisheries, economic contribution Received: 31.05.2018, Accepted: 20.06.2018 Introduction Fisheries resources off West Africa are relatively abundant, partly resulting from the high primary production in the major eastern boundary upwelling systems in the Canary Current Large Marine Ecosystem (CCLME) and the Guinea Current Large Marine Ecosystem (GCLME) (Cushing 1971) (Figure 1). Among West African countries Mauritania has a long coastline and due to upwelling the water is very rich in living resources and attractive for fishing.
    [Show full text]
  • Country Analyses 2014-2018 Edition
    COUNTRY ANALYSES 2014-2018 EDITION LAST UPDATE: JANUARY 2019 WWW.EUMOFA.EU Maritime Affairs and Fisheries Manuscript completed in January 2019 Neither the European Commission nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission is responsible for the use that might be made of the following information. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2019 © European Union, 2019 Reuse is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. The reuse policy of European Commission documents is regulated by Decision 2011/833/EU (OJ L 330, 14.12.2011, p. 39). For any use or reproduction of photos or other material that is not under the EU copyright, permission must be sought directly from the copyright holders. PDF ISBN 978-92-79-82018-2 doi:10.2771/01182 FOR MORE INFORMATION AND COMMENTS: Directorate-General for Maritime Affairs and Fisheries B-1049 Brussels Tel: +32 229-50101 E-mail: [email protected] Contents Fisheries and aquaculture in Australia....................................................... 4 Fisheries and aquaculture in Bulgaria and Romania ............................... 12 Fisheries and aquaculture in Canada ........................................................ 1 Fisheries and aquaculture in Chile ............................................................ 2 China’s role in seafood trade and processing ........................................... 3 Fisheries and aquaculture in Ecuador ....................................................... 9 Fisheries and aquaculture in the Faroe Islands ......................................
    [Show full text]
  • A Country and Regional Prioritisation for Supporting Implementation of Cites Provisions for Sharks
    FIAF/C1156 (En) FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Circular ISSN 2070-6065 A COUNTRY AND REGIONAL PRIORITISATION FOR SUPPORTING IMPLEMENTATION OF CITES PROVISIONS FOR SHARKS FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Circular No. 1156 FIAF/C1156 (En) A COUNTRY AND REGIONAL PRIORITISATION FOR SUPPORTING IMPLEMENTATION OF CITES PROVISIONS FOR SHARKS Marcelo Vasconcellos Fishery Resources Officer FAO Fisheries Department Rome, Italy Monica Barone Consultant FAO Fisheries Department Rome, Italy and Kim Friedman Senior Fishery Resources Officer FAO Fisheries Department Rome, Italy FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Rome, 2018 The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The views expressed in this information product are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of FAO. ISBN 978-92-5-109884-4 © FAO, 2018 FAO encourages the use, reproduction and dissemination of material in this information product. Except where otherwise indicated, material may be copied, downloaded and printed for private study, research and teaching purposes, or for use in non-commercial products or services, provided that appropriate acknowledgement of FAO as the source and copyright holder is given and that FAO’s endorsement of users’ views, products or services is not implied in any way.
    [Show full text]
  • World Bank Document
    SURVEY OF ICT AND EDUCATION IN AFRICA: Mauritania Country Report 46378 ICT in Education in Mauritania by Osei Tutu Agyeman June 2007 Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Source: World Fact Book 1 Please note: Public Disclosure Authorized This short Country Report, a result of a larger infoDev-supported Survey of ICT in Education in Africa, provides a general overview of current activities and issues related to ICT use in education in the country. The data presented here should be regarded as illustrative rather than exhaustive. ICT use in education is at a particularly dynamic stage in Africa; new developments and announcements happening on a daily basis somewhere on the continent. Therefore, these reports should be seen as “snapshots” that were current at the time they were taken; it is expected that certain facts and figures presented may become dated very quickly. The findings, interpretations and conclusions expressed herein are entirely those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of infoDev, the Donors of infoDev, the World Bank and its affiliated organizations, the Board of Executive Directors of the World Bank or the governments they represent. The World Bank cannot guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply on the part of the World Bank any judgment of the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. It is expected that individual Country Reports from the Survey of ICT and Education in Africa will be Public Disclosure Authorized updated in an iterative process over time based on additional research and feedback received through the infoDev web site.
    [Show full text]
  • Automotive Industries in Developing Countries by Jack Baranson
    IN THIS ISSUE Cover: Raymond Aubin; back The AWKWI Meetings of the Boards of Governors of the cover: Hordur Karlsson; photo International Monetary Fund and the World Bank Group were credits: pages 2, 3, Central Mort- gage and Housing Corp., Canada; 5, held In September in Copenhagen, Denmark. Articles in the Leroy Woodson, Jr., Corcoran Gal- center section of the issue beginning on p. 29 point out the lery of Art; 8, 14, 21, 39, 44, 53, highlights of these meetings, at which the Governors discussed 59, Edwin G. Huffman for World sortie df the most important problems now facing the world Bank; 27, Ray Witlin for World economy. Bank; 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 42, Pressehuset, Copenhagen; 37 Ate- lier Bache, Copenhagen; charts: 19, Subjects discussed at the Meetings find echoes in other Linda Reynolds; 49, Hordur Karls- articles. In "Urbanization Problems and Prospects" on p. 2, son; maps: 26, Linda Reynolds; 46, Richard M. Westebbe fees rapid urbanization in the less 47, Richard D. Lawrie; illustra- developed world as an historical phenomenon that calls for tions: 32, 39, 40, 41, 43, 44, 56, Hordur Karlsson. analytical study m well as current action. In "Exchange Rates at the Beginning of 1970" (p. 16), Jozef Swidrowski surveys the world system of exchange rates at this point in time. In "Special Drawing Rights: The Computer Approach to the Wtw -(tern Asset/' Otndeterio Trujilte shows how SDft's were established by etectropie computing and transferring each country's allocation onto computer magnetic tape. JJ. Potak and Fred Hirsch review books dealing with different aspects of the evolving monetary system.
    [Show full text]