DOCSLIB.ORG

A Country and Regional Prioritisation for Supporting Implementation of Cites Provisions for Sharks

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A Country and Regional Prioritisation for Supporting Implementation of Cites Provisions for Sharks FIAF/C1156 (En) FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Circular ISSN 2070-6065 A COUNTRY AND REGIONAL PRIORITISATION FOR SUPPORTING IMPLEMENTATION OF CITES PROVISIONS FOR SHARKS FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Circular No. 1156 FIAF/C1156 (En) A COUNTRY AND REGIONAL PRIORITISATION FOR SUPPORTING IMPLEMENTATION OF CITES PROVISIONS FOR SHARKS Marcelo Vasconcellos Fishery Resources Officer FAO Fisheries Department Rome, Italy Monica Barone Consultant FAO Fisheries Department Rome, Italy and Kim Friedman Senior Fishery Resources Officer FAO Fisheries Department Rome, Italy FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Rome, 2018 The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The views expressed in this information product are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of FAO. ISBN 978-92-5-109884-4 © FAO, 2018 FAO encourages the use, reproduction and dissemination of material in this information product. Except where otherwise indicated, material may be copied, downloaded and printed for private study, research and teaching purposes, or for use in non-commercial products or services, provided that appropriate acknowledgement of FAO as the source and copyright holder is given and that FAO’s endorsement of users’ views, products or services is not implied in any way. All requests for translation and adaptation rights, and for resale and other commercial use rights should be made via www.fao.org/contact-us/licence-request or addressed to [email protected]. FAO information products are available on the FAO website (www.fao.org/publications) and can be purchased through [email protected]. This publication has been printed using selected products and processes so as to ensure minimal environmental impact and to promote sustainable forest management. iii PREPARATION OF THIS DOCUMENT The CITES–FAO MoU signed in 2006 sets out that the organizations will cooperate to facilitate capacity building in developing countries and countries with economies in transition on issues relating to commercially exploited aquatic species listed on the CITES Appendices. The aim of this document is to develop new criteria to identify countries potentially in need of capacity building support, and set priorities based on where such measures can have the greatest positive influence on the sustainable use of shark and ray resources. The collation of data on shark fisheries and trade from a global subset of developing countries was the foundation of the prioritization process: this provided details on the current legal framework for fisheries and the management tools in place, encouraging consideration of their effectiveness for conservation and the sustainable use of listed shark and ray species. Financial support for this document was provided by the European Union as part of the “Cooperation between FAO and CITES supporting shark and ray fishery management (EP/INT/227/UEP)” project. FAO. 2018. A country and regional prioritisation for supporting implementation of CITES provisions for sharks, by Marcelo Vasconcellos, Monica Barone and Kim Friedman. Fisheries and Aquaculture Circular No. 1156. Rome, Italy. ABSTRACT New shark and ray species were added to Appendix II of CITES in 2016 (COP17 in Johannesburg, South Africa) that will enter into effect in 2017. In order to prioritise where support for FAO Member States can be targeted to assist in the implementation of CITES provisions for management of sharks and rays, FAO reviewed current fishery related information that highlights a range of fishery information by country and region. Detailed reports on the situation of shark and ray fisheries are collated for each country, including summary information on fisheries and trade in sharks and rays, assessment of capacity to implement CITES requirements, governance and institutional arrangements. The results of the prioritization process and assessment of capacity needs can help guide the future delivery of investment in relation to management and conservation of sharks, in general, and specifically to support implementation of CITES provisions by countries involved in the fisheries and trade in listed species of sharks and rays. v CONTENTS Abbreviations and acronyms .............................................................................................................................. x SUMMARY ................................................................................................................................................... xiii INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................................................. 1 METHODS ......................................................................................................................................................... 3 PART ONE ......................................................................................................................................................... 3 Criteria for the selection of priority regions and countries ......................................................................... 3 PART TWO ........................................................................................................................................................ 4 Assessment of capacity of selected countries to fulfil CITES requirements for the listed shark species ... 4 Countries covered in the assessment ......................................................................................................... 4 Source of information ................................................................................................................................ 4 Analytical framework ................................................................................................................................ 5 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ....................................................................................................................... 10 PART ONE ....................................................................................................................................................... 10 List of priority regions and countries ........................................................................................................ 10 PART TWO ...................................................................................................................................................... 12 Fisheries and trade of listed shark species ................................................................................................ 12 Current limitations and needs ................................................................................................................... 16 REFERENCES ................................................................................................................................................. 19 ANNEX 1. Questionnaire sent to national focal points .................................................................................... 26 ANNEX 2: Country Reports ............................................................................................................................ 30 AFRICA ........................................................................................................................................................... 30 Democratic Republic of the Congo .......................................................................................................... 30 The Republic of Ghana ............................................................................................................................. 34 Guinea ....................................................................................................................................................... 39 Mauritania ................................................................................................................................................. 45 Namibia..................................................................................................................................................... 51 Nigeria ...................................................................................................................................................... 56 Senegal ...................................................................................................................................................... 60 ASIA ................................................................................................................................................................. 67 China ......................................................................................................................................................... 67 India .......................................................................................................................................................... 72 Indonesia
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Deliverable No. 3.3
    Deliverable No. 3.3 Project acronym: FarFish Project title: Responsive Results-Based Management and capacity building for EU Sustainable Fisheries Partnership Agreement- and international waters Grant agreement No: 727891 Project co-funded by the European Commission within the Horizon2020 Research and innovation programme Start date of project: 1stJune 2017 Duration: 48 months Due date of deliverable: 30/09/2018 Submission date: 14/04/2019 File Name: FarFish_D3.3 Evaluation of governance structures of the cases_V2.0 Revision number: 02 Document status: Final1 Dissemination Level: PU2 Role Name Organisation Date File suffix Authors/ Ingrid Kvalvik Nofima 12/04/2019 IK Task Leaders Author Marianne Svorken Nofima 30/09/2018 MS Author Patrick Berg Sørdahl Nofima 30/09/2018 PBS Author Unn Laksa Syntesa 30/09/2018 UL Author Karim Erzini CCMAR 12/04/2019 KE Author Kim Stobberup CCMAR 12/04/2019 KS Author Kåre Nolde Nielsen UiT 30/09/2018 KNN Author Duarte Fernández Vidal CETMAR 12/04/2019 DFV Author Pierre Failler UoP 12/04/2019 PF Author Cindy Cornet UoP 12/04/2019 CC WP leader Petter Olsen Nofima 14/04/2019 PO Coordinator Jónas R. Viðarsson MATIS 14/04/2019 JRV Administrative Oddur M. Gunnarsson MATIS 14/04/2019 OMG Coordinator 1 Document will be a draft until it has been approved by the coordinator 2 PU: Public, PP: Restricted to other programme participants (including the Commission Services), RE: Restricted to a group specified by the consortium (including the Commission Services), CO: Confidential, only for members of the consortium (including the Commission Services) This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 i research and innovation programme under grant agreement no.
    [Show full text]
  • The Political Economy of Rent-Driven Development in Mauritania
    Area: Subsaharan Africa ARI 134/2008 Date: 21/10/2008 Plus ça Change, Plus c'est la Même Chose: The Political Economy of Rent-driven Development in Mauritania Nicola Pontara* Theme1: After four decades of rent-driven development that has systematically killed off competition in the main sectors of the economy, Mauritania remains inherently prone to authoritarian intervention when powerful interests are threatened. The economy continues to grow relatively slowly and remains undiversified. While the election of Ould Cheikh Abdallahi in 2007 did signal a break with the past, his brief tenure was characterised by the same unresolved tensions that have routinely triggered the intervention of ‘strong men’ since the country’s independence in 1960. Summary: Mauritania’s economy is driven by natural resources: iron ore, fisheries, copper, gold and, more recently, oil. Decades of rent-driven development in these sectors have fostered the development of a system based on clientelism and patronage. A few powerful groups are de facto in control of large businesses in trade and commerce and the banking sector, a phenomenon which has prevented the emergence of a competitive private sector. Although the 2007 elections resulted in the most politically diverse National Assembly in Mauritania’s history, the bloc of MPs linked to the ‘old guard’ continued to control the majority of seats. The country has a complex cultural and ethnic mix. The degree of political representation and economic power, language issues and access to land in the Senegal River valley are at the core of the still unresolved ‘national question’, which characterises the interaction between Mauritania’s main ethno-cultural groups.
    [Show full text]
  • Poverty and the Struggle to Survive in the Fuuta Tooro Region Of
    What Development? Poverty and the Struggle to Survive in the Fuuta Tooro Region of Southern Mauritania Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Christopher Hemmig, M.A. Graduate Program in Near Eastern Languages and Cultures. The Ohio State University 2015 Dissertation Committee: Sabra Webber, Advisor Morgan Liu Katey Borland Copyright by Christopher T. Hemmig 2015 Abstract Like much of Subsaharan Africa, development has been an ever-present aspect to postcolonial life for the Halpulaar populations of the Fuuta Tooro region of southern Mauritania. With the collapse of locally historical modes of production by which the population formerly sustained itself, Fuuta communities recognize the need for change and adaptation to the different political, economic, social, and ecological circumstances in which they find themselves. Development has taken on a particular urgency as people look for effective strategies to adjust to new realities while maintaining their sense of cultural identity. Unfortunately, the initiatives, projects, and partnerships that have come to fruition through development have not been enough to bring improvements to the quality of life in the region. Fuuta communities find their capacity to develop hindered by three macro challenges: climate change, their marginalized status within the Mauritanian national community, and the region's unfavorable integration into the global economy by which the local markets act as backwaters that accumulate the detritus of global trade. Any headway that communities can make against any of these challenges tends to be swallowed up by the forces associated with the other challenges.
    [Show full text]
  • Fisheries Access in West Africa
    Fisheries access in West Africa. Proceedings of two workshops held in Senegal and Mauritania Item Type Proceedings Paper Citation K. Lankester, P.S. Diouf and K. Sané (eds) 215 pp. Publisher WWF-WARPO, Senegal, Download date 24/09/2021 23:33:20 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/1834/320 Workshops on Fisheries Access in West Africa The Promotion of Sustainable and Equitable Fisheries Access Agreements Saly Portudal, Senegal, March 2001 Regional Minimum Conditions for Access to Fisheries Zones Nouakchott, Mauritania, November 2001 Proceedings Kees Lankester Papa Samba Diouf Khady Sané e operation © ® co living apart together Colophon This report contains the proceedings of two international workshops on sustainable fisheries and access agreements. The first workshop was held in Saly Portudal, Senegal in March 2001. The second workshop was held in Nouakchott, Mauritania, in November 2001. The workshop was organised by • WWF-WARPO Marine Office, Senegal • Scomber, the Netherlands • Sub-Regional Fisheries Commission (SRFC/CSRP), West Africa • Novib, The Netherlands • Fenagie-pêche, Senegal (Senegal workshop) • CBDD, Benin (Mauritania workshop) • The Mauritanian Ministry of Fisheries and Maritime Economy (Mauritania workshop) • Ecooperation, The Netherlands (Mauritania workshop) Graphic design Dickhoff Design, Amsterdam. [email protected] Printing PlantijnCasparie, Zwolle. Cover photo Nouadhibou, Mauritania. Photo by Mme Nedwa Mochtar Nech, Mauritanie-2000. For reference purposes K. Lankester, P.S. Diouf and K. Sané (eds) 2002. Fisheries access in West Africa. Proceedings of two workshops held in Senegal and Mauritania, 2001. 215 pp. Contact Scomber Consultancy, The Netherlands, K. Lankester tel. + 31 20 612 2843; [email protected] WWF-WARPO, Senegal, P.S. Diouf tel.
    [Show full text]
  • Strengthen the Framework for the Management of Oil Revenues. Despite Good Progress to Date, the Overall Legal Framework and Procedures Need to Be Strengthened
    Report No.36386-MR Report No.Mauritania 36386-MR ChallengesandOptions Resources: ManagingNatural Mauritania Managing Natural Resources: ChallengesPublic Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure Authorized and Options Country Economic Memorandum Update December 2006 PREM 4 Africa Region Public Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure Authorized Document of the World Bank Public Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure Authorized ... 111 LDF Loi des Finances; Budget ofthe State LDR Loi de RBglement; Budget Execution Law LNG Liquefied Natural Gas MAED MinistBre des Affaires Economiques et du De'veloppement; Ministry ofEconomic Affairs and Development MC Mining Cadastre MDRI Multilateral Debt Relief Initiative MGDs Millennium Development Goals MDRE Ministtre du Ddveloppement Rurale et de 1'Environnement; Ministry ofRural Development and Environment MEP Ministry ofEnergy and Petroleum; Ministere de I'Energie et du Petrole MEN MinistBre de L 'Education National ; Ministry ofEducation MIFERMA Mauritanian Iron Mines ; Mines de Fer de Mauritanie MMI Ministdre de Mines et Industrie; Ministry ofMining and Industry MOF MinistBre de Finance; Ministry of Finance MPEM MinistBre de la P6che et de I'Economie Maritime; Ministry ofFisheries MOHSA MinistBre de la Sante' et 1 'Action Sociale; Ministry ofHealth and Social Action NORAD Norwegian Development Agency MTEF Medium-term Expenditure Framework ONS Office National de la Statistique; National Statistics Office OPEX Operating Expenditure PER Public Expenditure
    [Show full text]
  • State of Play of EU-Mauritania Relations
    DIRECTORATE-GENERAL FOR EXTERNAL POLICIES POLICY DEPARTMENT IN-DEPTH ANALYSIS State of play of EU-Mauritania relations ABSTRACT Mauritania, an important ally of the EU in the fight against terrorism in the Sahel, faces several inter-related development challenges: ensuring an efficient use of the revenue derived from natural resources, economic diversification and improved governance. The severity of these development challenges is increased by difficult political relations between the three main ethnic groups in the country, the dominant group being the Arab-Berber Bidhan. They constitute less than one-third of the country’s population, but dominate economically and politically. The Haratin, the largest group in the country, is made up of descendants of black Africans enslaved by the Bidhan (freed or still enslaved). The third group in the country is the West Africans or Black Mauritanians. Mauritania’s post- independence history is marked by repeated attempts by this group to assert its non-Arab identity and claim for a more equitable share of political and economic power. The tension that these divisions create is a problem in itself, but they can also be appropriated by violent Islamist insurgencies in the region. The urgency of this challenge is further complicated by the likelihood of increased climate change effects that the country is currently not adequately prepared for. This study therefore discusses the main political, economic and development challenges that contemporary Mauritania is faced with, illustrating how these challenges can only be properly grasped with consideration to their historical evolution. Based on this, the study investigates the current basis for EU-Mauritania relations and suggests a select number of policy areas for consideration, as this relationship continues to evolve around issues of mutual concern such as security and development.
    [Show full text]
  • (18-5017) Page: 1/50
    WT/TPR/M/370 WT/TPR/M/371 8 August 2018 (18-5017) Page: 1/50 Trade Policy Review Body 29 and 31 May 2018 TRADE POLICY REVIEW GUINEA AND MAURITANIA MINUTES OF THE MEETING Chairperson: H.E. Mr Eloi Laourou (Benin) CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTORY REMARKS BY THE CHAIRPERSON ....................................................... 2 2 OPENING STATEMENT BY THE REPRESENTATIVES OF MAURITANIA AND GUINEA ............................................................................................................................ 3 3 STATEMENT BY THE DISCUSSANT ................................................................................ 7 4 STATEMENTS BY MEMBERS ........................................................................................ 12 5 REPLIES BY THE REPRESENTATIVES OF MAURITANIA AND GUINEA AND ADDITIONAL COMMENTS ............................................................................................... 40 6 CONCLUDING REMARKS BY THE CHAIRPERSON ......................................................... 49 Note: Advance written questions and additional questions by WTO Members, and the replies provided by Guinea and Mauritania are reproduced in document WT/TPR/M/370/Add.1 and WT/TPR/M/371/Add.1 and will be available online at http://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/tpr_e/tp_rep_e.htm. WT/TPR/M/370 • Guinea WT/TPR/M/371 • Mauritania - 2 - 1 INTRODUCTORY REMARKS BY THE CHAIRPERSON 1.1. This second joint trade policy review of Guinea and Mauritania, the fourth for Guinea and the third for Mauritania, took place on 29 and 31 May 2018. The Chairperson, H.E. Mr Eloi Laourou (Benin), welcomed the delegation of Mauritania, headed by H.E. Ms Naha Mint Hamdi Ould Mouknass, Minister of Trade, Industry and Tourism; the delegation of Guinea, led by Ms Fanta Cissé, Secretary General, Ministry of Trade; the other members of the delegations from Nouakchott and Conakry, together with their colleagues in the two missions in Geneva; and the Discussant, Mr Alberto Sanz Serrano (Spain). 1.2.
    [Show full text]
  • Fisheries Investments and Economic Contribution to the Islamic Republic of Mauritania by the Turkish Fishing Industry
    J. Black Sea/Mediterranean Environment Vol. 24, No. 2: 186-197 (2018) REVIEW ARTICLE Fisheries investments and economic contribution to the Islamic Republic of Mauritania by the Turkish fishing industry Bayram Öztürk Faculty of Aquatic Sciences, Istanbul University, Istanbul, TURKEY Turkish Marine Research Foundation (TUDAV), P.O. BOX: 10, Beykoz, Istanbul, TURKEY Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract Since 2015 Turkish fishing fleet has been catching both pelagic and demersal fish in the coastal waters of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania. Total number of boats has been 51 in the Mauritanian waters, of which 33 are purse seiners and 18 are deep sea trawlers. Among these boats nine of them have returned to Turkey for various reasons but 42 fishing boats are operating at present (June 2018) in the Mauritanian waters. These fishing activities represent about a $200 million investment. Protection of the local people’s food demand has a vital importance and sustainability of the stocks should be the main target for the sustainable fisheries and food safety. Turkish investors has contributed to the social development, welfare and job creation in Mauritania. In addition, they also contribute to the education of the local citizens about fishing industry. Keywords: Fisheries investment, Mauritania, purseseiners, sustainable fisheries, economic contribution Received: 31.05.2018, Accepted: 20.06.2018 Introduction Fisheries resources off West Africa are relatively abundant, partly resulting from the high primary production in the major eastern boundary upwelling systems in the Canary Current Large Marine Ecosystem (CCLME) and the Guinea Current Large Marine Ecosystem (GCLME) (Cushing 1971) (Figure 1). Among West African countries Mauritania has a long coastline and due to upwelling the water is very rich in living resources and attractive for fishing.
    [Show full text]
  • Country Analyses 2014-2018 Edition
    COUNTRY ANALYSES 2014-2018 EDITION LAST UPDATE: JANUARY 2019 WWW.EUMOFA.EU Maritime Affairs and Fisheries Manuscript completed in January 2019 Neither the European Commission nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission is responsible for the use that might be made of the following information. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2019 © European Union, 2019 Reuse is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. The reuse policy of European Commission documents is regulated by Decision 2011/833/EU (OJ L 330, 14.12.2011, p. 39). For any use or reproduction of photos or other material that is not under the EU copyright, permission must be sought directly from the copyright holders. PDF ISBN 978-92-79-82018-2 doi:10.2771/01182 FOR MORE INFORMATION AND COMMENTS: Directorate-General for Maritime Affairs and Fisheries B-1049 Brussels Tel: +32 229-50101 E-mail: [email protected] Contents Fisheries and aquaculture in Australia....................................................... 4 Fisheries and aquaculture in Bulgaria and Romania ............................... 12 Fisheries and aquaculture in Canada ........................................................ 1 Fisheries and aquaculture in Chile ............................................................ 2 China’s role in seafood trade and processing ........................................... 3 Fisheries and aquaculture in Ecuador ....................................................... 9 Fisheries and aquaculture in the Faroe Islands ......................................
    [Show full text]
  • World Bank Document
    SURVEY OF ICT AND EDUCATION IN AFRICA: Mauritania Country Report 46378 ICT in Education in Mauritania by Osei Tutu Agyeman June 2007 Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Source: World Fact Book 1 Please note: Public Disclosure Authorized This short Country Report, a result of a larger infoDev-supported Survey of ICT in Education in Africa, provides a general overview of current activities and issues related to ICT use in education in the country. The data presented here should be regarded as illustrative rather than exhaustive. ICT use in education is at a particularly dynamic stage in Africa; new developments and announcements happening on a daily basis somewhere on the continent. Therefore, these reports should be seen as “snapshots” that were current at the time they were taken; it is expected that certain facts and figures presented may become dated very quickly. The findings, interpretations and conclusions expressed herein are entirely those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of infoDev, the Donors of infoDev, the World Bank and its affiliated organizations, the Board of Executive Directors of the World Bank or the governments they represent. The World Bank cannot guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply on the part of the World Bank any judgment of the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. It is expected that individual Country Reports from the Survey of ICT and Education in Africa will be Public Disclosure Authorized updated in an iterative process over time based on additional research and feedback received through the infoDev web site.
    [Show full text]
  • Automotive Industries in Developing Countries by Jack Baranson
    IN THIS ISSUE Cover: Raymond Aubin; back The AWKWI Meetings of the Boards of Governors of the cover: Hordur Karlsson; photo International Monetary Fund and the World Bank Group were credits: pages 2, 3, Central Mort- gage and Housing Corp., Canada; 5, held In September in Copenhagen, Denmark. Articles in the Leroy Woodson, Jr., Corcoran Gal- center section of the issue beginning on p. 29 point out the lery of Art; 8, 14, 21, 39, 44, 53, highlights of these meetings, at which the Governors discussed 59, Edwin G. Huffman for World sortie df the most important problems now facing the world Bank; 27, Ray Witlin for World economy. Bank; 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 42, Pressehuset, Copenhagen; 37 Ate- lier Bache, Copenhagen; charts: 19, Subjects discussed at the Meetings find echoes in other Linda Reynolds; 49, Hordur Karls- articles. In "Urbanization Problems and Prospects" on p. 2, son; maps: 26, Linda Reynolds; 46, Richard M. Westebbe fees rapid urbanization in the less 47, Richard D. Lawrie; illustra- developed world as an historical phenomenon that calls for tions: 32, 39, 40, 41, 43, 44, 56, Hordur Karlsson. analytical study m well as current action. In "Exchange Rates at the Beginning of 1970" (p. 16), Jozef Swidrowski surveys the world system of exchange rates at this point in time. In "Special Drawing Rights: The Computer Approach to the Wtw -(tern Asset/' Otndeterio Trujilte shows how SDft's were established by etectropie computing and transferring each country's allocation onto computer magnetic tape. JJ. Potak and Fred Hirsch review books dealing with different aspects of the evolving monetary system.
    [Show full text]
  • Adapting to Climate Change: a Review on the Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries and Aquaculture in the RECOFI Region, by H
    77 3. SUBREGIONAL REVIEWS The subregional reviews were submitted by experts from various subregions of the Near East and North Africa, covering all of the major waterbodies in the Region. Their titles are: • Climate change and ecosystem-based approach to fisheries and marine aquaculture for Mauritania and Morocco, by A. Orbi (INRH), S. Zizah (INRH), K. Hilmi (INRH) and M.Y. Laaroussi (Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries); • The ecosystem approach to fisheries and aquaculture for the Southern and Eastern Mediterranean, by M. Belhassen (INSTM); • The ecosystem-based approach to fisheries and aquaculture for the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden, by M.M.A. Zaid (Al-Azhar University); • Adapting to climate change: a review on the ecosystem approach to fisheries and aquaculture in the RECOFI region, by H. Negarestan (IFRO). 3.1 Climate change and the ecosystem-based approach to fisheries and marine aquaculture for Mauritania and Morocco Introduction Four large upwelling ecosystems border the western boundary of the African continent. In the Atlantic, the economic exclusive zones (EEZs) of the Gambia Morocco, Mauritania and Senegal are part of the Large Marine Ecosystems of the Canary Current. Upwelling ecosystems provide more than 40 percent of world fisheries catches while representing less than 3 percent of the ocean’s surface. Coastal upwellings are induced by winds that cause the movement of cold deep ocean water, rich in mineral salts, to the surface. The source of high biological production, they are nevertheless subject to significant interannual and interdecadal fluctuations (Cury and Roy, 1989; Binet, 1997; Demarcq and Faure, 2000). The Canary Current sustains the highest primary production among the four global upwelling systems; however, its fisheries production is much less than in the Humboldt system (see Table 3.1).
    [Show full text]