7 VI June 2019 http://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2019.6121 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET) ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.177 Volume 7 Issue VI, June 2019- Available at www.ijraset.com

Avifaunal Diversity of Bisalpur Dam and nearby Area of Tehsil Deoli, District Tonk (Rajasthan), India

Dinesh Meena1, Priti Kaushik1, Vivek Sharma2, Divaker Yadav2, Anita Gajraj3, Jai Bahadur Singh Kachhawa4 1Department of Zoology, School of Basic and Applied Science, Poornima University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India 2Biodiversity Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Maharashi Dayanand Saraswati University, Ajmer, Rajasthan,India 3Department of Zoology, Kanoria P.G. Mahila Mahavidyalaya, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India 4Centre for Advanced Research and Development, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.

Abstract: Avifauna is the term used for the birds of a particular region, habitat, or geological period. Study area covers foothills of beautiful Aravali ranges. It is one of the world's oldest mountain ranges. Bisalpur Dam is avifaunal diversity rich area situated in district Tonk, Rajasthan. Deoli is 165 Kms away from Jaipur, 85 Kms from Kota and 145 Kms from Ajmer. The dam was constructed between two mountains on Banas river for the purpose of drinking water and irrigation. This dam attracts human beings as well as birds also. Nesting spots are easy to find along the bank of Banas river. Visual encounter method and different methods were used for the study purpose. Identification was done with the help of field guide books. Total 176 species of birds belonging to different family were spotted in the study area. Keyworss: Avifauna, bisalpur, diversity, terrestrial and water birds

I. INTRODUCTION Birds are excellent indicators of water quality and measures of biodiversity. The present study was conducted to understand the diversity measures of avifauna in and nearby places of Bisalpura dam.

A. Study Area Study area is Bisalpur Dam and nearby area. Bisalpur dam is constructed on Banas river near tehsil Deoli, district Tonk, Rajasthan, India (Figure 1-4)). The coordinates are 25055’20.56” N & 75027’ 20.51” E. with an elevation of 1081 feet. The height of dam is 130 feet and length is 1883 feet; gross storage capacity is 1.10 KM3. Reservoir area is 218.36 KM2. Effective storage capacity is 1.04 KM3. This Dam was completed in 1999. It supplies irrigation and drinking water for many towns of Rajasthan. Bisalpur dam and nearby area is rich in Avifaunal Diversity.

Figure 1: Study area in map

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Figure 2: Study area in map (Enlarge)

Figure 3: Broad view of Bisalpur Dam

Figure 4: Flora at study area

II. MATERIALS & METHODOLOGY: A. Materials Different apparatus i.e. digital camera (Canon SX10, Canon 1200D), binoculars, field guide and observation sheets were used for the present study.

B. Survey Regular surveys were made at different time interval between 05:00 to 22:00 Hrs. The study was based on the survey of the area. Quantitative avifauna data was collected in the point count survey and combined with distance estimation with the help of binocular and camera. Bisalpur Dam and nearby area was selected as site for observation of avifauna. These areas are rich in avifaunal diversity. Periodical studies were made to know about the status of birds. Direct count methods were adopted from Bibbey et al. [1] and Javad and Kaul [2] for recording and analysis. Birds were identified with the help of field guide [3,4,5,6,7,8]. Visual encounter method was also used. Most of the birds species were spotted during the winter season. Regular surveys were made near the breeding grounds. Representative cases were photographed from different angles in the nature. Morphometric observations were also made for the taxonomic identification and compared with the standard diagnostic keys. Birds were divided in three categories MC-most common, C-common, R-rare according to the number of individuals. We also described the IUCN status of the birds.

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III. RESULT & DISCUSSION Total 176 species of birds belonging to different family were present in the study area. Avifaunal diversity was divided into two categories one is water birds (Table 1) and another is terrestrial birds (Table 2) found near water bodies.

Table 1: List of water birds spotted in study area Population S. No. Scientific name Common name IUCN status Migratory status trend Anatidae Anser indicus, 1 Bar-headed goose Least Concern Winter Visitor Decreasing (Latham, 1790) Anas acuta, 2 Northern Pintail Least Concern Winter Visitor Decreasing (Linnaeus, 1758) Anas clypeata, 3 Northern shoveler Least Concern Winter Visitor Decreasing (Linnaeus, 1758) Anas crecca, Eurasian 4 Least Concern Winter Visitor Decreasing (Linnaeus, 1758) teal/ Common Teal Anas penelope, 5 Eurasian wigeon Least Concern Winter Visitor Decreasing (Linnaeus, 1758) Anas poecilorhyncha, Indian Spot-billed 6 Least Concern Resident Decreasing (Forster, 1781) duck Anas querquedula 7 Garganey Least Concern Winter Visitor Decreasing (Linnaeus, 1758) Anas strepera 8 Gadwall Least Concern Winter Visitor Decreasing (Linnaeus, 1758) Aythya ferina 9 Common Pochard Vulnerable Winter Visitor Decreasing (Linnaeus, 1758) Aythya fuligula, 10 Tufted duck Least Concern Winter Visitor Stable (Linnaeus, 1758) Ferruginous Aythya nyroca, 11 pochard/ Near Threatened Winter Visitor Decreasing (Güldenstädt, 1770) Ferruginous Duck Sarkidiornis melanotos, Comb duck/ 12 Least Concern Resident Decreasing (Pennant, 1769) knob-billed duck Tadorna ferruginea, 13 Ruddy shelduck Least Concern Winter Visitor Stable (Pallas, 1764) Ardeidae

Ardea alba, Great Egret/ 14 Least Concern Resident stable (Linnaeus, 1758) Great white Egret Ardea cinerea, 15 Grey heron Least Concern Resident Stable (Linnaeus, 1758) Ardea purpurea, 16 Purple heron Least Concern Resident Decreasing (Linnaeus, 1766) Ardeola grayii, 17 Indian Pond Heron Least Concern Resident Increasing (Sykes, 1832) Bubulcus ibis 18 Cattle Egret Least Concern Resident Increasing (Linnaeus, 1758) This taxon has not yet Butorides Striatus been assessed for the 19 Striated Heron Winter Visitor Unknown (Linnaeus, 1758) IUCN Red List, but is in the Catalogue of Life 20 Egretta garzetta, Little Egret Least Concern Resident Increasing (Linnaeus, 1766)

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This taxon has not yet Mesophoyx intermedia been assessed for the 21 Intermediate Egret Resident Unknown (Wagler, 1827) IUCN Red List, but is in the Catalogue of Life Nycticorax nycticorax, Black-crowned 22 Least Concern Resident Decreasing (Linnaeus, 1758) night heron Cerylidae

Ceryle rudis 23 Pied Kingfisher Least Concern Winter Visitor Decreasing (Linnaeus 1758) Charadriidae

Charadrius dubius 24 Little ringed plover Least Concern Resident Stable (Scopoli, 1786) Vanellus indicus 25 Red-wattled lapwing Least Concern Resident Increasing (Boddaert, 1783) Vanellus malabaricus Yellow-wattled 26 Least Concern Resident Stable (Boddaert, 1783) lapwing Ciconiidae

Anastomus oscitans 27 Asian Open bill Least Concern Winter Visitor Stable (Boddaert, 1783) Mycteria leucocephala 28 Painted stork Near Threatened winter Visitor Decreasing (Pennant, 1769) Jacanidae

Hydrophasianus Pheasant-tailed 29 chirurgus Least Concern Resident Decreasing jacana (Scopoli, 1786) Laridae This taxon has not yet Chroicocephalus been assessed for the 30 brunnicephalus Brown Headed Gull Winter Visitor Unknown IUCN Red List, but is in (Jerdon, 1840) the Catalogue of Life Chroicocephalus 31 ridibundus Black Headed gull Least Concern Winter Visitor Decreasing (Linnaeus,1766) Pelecanidae

Pelecanus onocrotalus Great white pelican/ 32 Least Concern Winter Visitor Stable (Linnaeus, 1758) Rosy pelican Pelecanus crispus 33 Dalmatian pelican Vulnerable Winter Visitor Decreasing (Bruch, 1832) Phalacrororacidae

Phalacrocorax carbo 34 Great Cormorant Least Concern Resident Increasing (Linnaeus, 1758) Phalacrocorax 35 fuscicollis Indian Cormorant Least Concern Resident Stable (Stephens, 1826) Phalacrocorax niger 36 Little Cormorant Least Concern Resident Stable (Vieillot, 1817) Phoenicopteridae

Phoenicopterus roseus 37 Greater Flamingo Least Concern Passage Visitor Decreasing (Linnaeus, 1758) Podicipedidae

Tachybaptus ruficollis 38 Little grebe Least Concern Resident Decreasing (Pallas, 1764) Rallidae

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Amaurornis White-breasted 39 phoenicurus Least Concern Resident Stable waterhen (Pennant, 1769) Fulica atra Common Coot / 40 Least Concern Resident Decreasing (Linnaeus, 1758) Eurasian coot Gallinula chloropus 41 Common moorhen Least Concern Resident Stable (Linnaeus, 1758) Porphyrio Porphyrio 42 Purple swamp hen Least Concern Resident Increasing (Linnaeus, 1758) Recurvirostridae

Himantopus 43 himantopus Black-winged Stilt Least Concern Resident Increasing (Linnaeus, 1758) Recurvirostra avosetta 44 Pied avocet Least Concern Winter Visitor Stable (Linnaeus, 1758) Rostratulidae Rostratula benghalensis Greater Painted- 45 Least Concern Winter Visitor Decreasing (Linnaeus, 1758) snipe Scolopacidae

Actitis hypoleucos 46 Common sandpiper Least Concern Winter Visitor Decreasing (Linnaeus, 1758) Calidris minuta 47 Little Stint Least Concern Winter Visitor Decreasing (Leisler, 1812) Calidris temminckii Winter 48 Temminck’s Stint Least Concern Unknown (Leisler, 1812) Visitor Limosa limosa 49 Black-tailed godwit Near Threatened Winter Visitor Decreasing (Linnaeus, 1758) Philomachus pugnax 50 Ruff Least Concern Winter Visitor Decreasing (Linnaeus, 1758) Tringa erythropus 51 Spotted redshank Least Concern Winter Visitor Stable (Pallas, 1764) Tringa glareola 52 Wood sandpiper Least Concern Winter Visitor Stable (Linnaeus, 1758) Tringa nebularia Common 53 Least Concern Winter Visitor Stable (Gunnerus, 1767) greenshank Tringa ochropus 54 Green sandpiper Least Concern Winter Visitor Stable (Linnaeus, 1758) Tringa tetanus 55 Common redshank Least Concern Winter Visitor Stable (Linnaeus, 1758) Sternidae

Chlidonias hybridus, 56 Whiskered tern Least Concern Winter Visitor Stable (Pallas, 1811) Sterna aurantia Indian River tern/ 57 Near Threatened Resident Decreasing (Gray, JE, 1831) River tern Threskiornithidae

Platalea leucorodia Eurasian spoonbill/ 58 Least Concern Winter Visitor Stable (Linnaeus, 1758) Common spoonbill Pseudibis papillosa Red-naped Ibis/ 59 Least Concern Winter Visitor Decreasing (Temminck, 1824) Black Ibis Threskiornis Black-headed ibis/ 60 melanocephalus Near Threatened Resident Decreasing Oriental white ibis (Latham, 1790)

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Table 2: List of terrestrial birds spotted in study area S. No. Scientific name Common name IUCN status Migratory status Population trend Accipitridae

Accipiter badius 1 Shikra Least Concern Resident Decreasing (Gmelin, 1788) Aquila nipalensis 2 Steppe Eagle Endangered Resident Decreasing (Hadgson, 1833) Buteo Rufinus Long Legged 3 Least Concern Resident Stable (Cretzschmar, 1829) Buzzard Circaetus gallicus Short-toed Snake- 4 Least Concern Resident Stable (Gmelin, 1788) Eagle Circus aeruginosus Eurasian Marsh 5 Least Concern Winter visitor Increasing (Linnaeus, 1758) Harrier Circus pygargus 6 Montagu’s Harrier Least Concern Winter Visitor Decreasing (Linnaeus, 1758) Elanus caeruleus 7 Black-Winged Kite Least Concern Resident Stable (Desfontaines, 1789) Milvus migrans 8 Black Kite Least Concern Resident Stable (Boddaert, 1783) Neophron percnopterus 9 Egyptian Vulture Endangered Resident Decreasing (Linnaeus, 1758) Spilornis cheela Crested Serpent 10 Least Concern Resident Stable (Latham, 1790) Eagle Aegithinidae Aegithina tiphia 11 Common Iora Least Concern Resident Unknown (Linnaeus, 1758) Alaudidae

Eremopterix grisea Ashy-crowned 12 Least concern Resident Stable (Scopoli, 1786) Sparrow-Lark Galerida cristata 13 Crested Lark Least concern Resident Stable (Linnaeus, 1758) Mirafra cantillans 14 Singing Bush-Lark Least concern Resident Decreasing (Blyth, 1845) Mirafra erythroptera 15 Indian Bush-Lark Least concern Resident Stable (Blyth, 1845) Alcedinidae

Alcedo atthis 16 Common Kingfisher Least Concern Resident Decreasing (Linnaeus, 1758) Apodidae

Apus affinis Little Swift / 17 (John Edward Gray, Least concern Resident Stable House Swift 1830) Bucerotidae

Ocyceros birostris 18 Indian Grey Hornbill Least concern Winter visitor Decreasing (Scopoli, 1786) Burhinidae

Eurasian Stone- Burhinus oedicnemus 19 Curlew / Least concern Winter visitor Decreasing (Linnaeus, 1758) Eurasian thicknee Caprimulgidae

Caprimulgus affinis 20 Savanna Nightjar Least concern Resident Decreasing (Horsfield, 1821) Caprimulgus asiaticus 21 Indian Nightjar Least concern Resident Decreasing (Latham, 1790) Cisticolidae

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Orthotomus sutorius 22 Common Tailorbird Least concern Resident Decreasing (Pennant, 1769) Prinia hodgsonii 23 Grey Breasted Prinia Least concern Resident Decreasing (Blyth, 1844) Plain Prinia/ Prinia inornata 24 White browed Least Concern Resident Stable (Sykes,1832) Wren-warbler Prinia socialis Ashy Prinia / 25 Least concern Resident Decreasing (Sykes, 1832) Ashy wren-warbler Columbidae

Columba livia 26 Rock Pigeon Least concern Resident Stable (Gmelin, 1789) Streptopelia decaocto Eurasian Collared- 27 Least concern Resident Stable (Frivaldszky, 1838) Dove Streptopelia senegalensis 28 Laughing Dove Least concern Resident Stable (Linnaeus, 1766) Streptopelia 29 tranquebarica Red Collared-Dove Least concern Resident Stable (Hermann, 1804) Treron phoenicoptera Yellow-Footed 30 Least concern Winter visitor Decreasing (Latham, 1790) Green-Pigeon Coraciidae

Coracias benghalensis 31 Indian Roller Least concern Resident Stable (Linnaeus, 1758) Coracias garrulous 32 European Roller Least Concern Passage Visitor Decreases (Linnaeus, 1758) Corvidae

Corvus macrorhynchos 33 Jungle Crow Least concern Resident Decreasing (Wagler, 1827) Corvus splendens 34 House Crow Least concern Resident Increasing (Vieillot, 1817) Dendrocitta vagabunda 35 Rufous Treepie Least concern Resident Stable (Latham, 1790) Cuculidae

Centropus sinensis 36 Greater Coucal Least concern Resident Stable (Stephens, 1815) Jacobin cuckoo/ Clamator jacobinus 37 Pied cuckoo/ Least Concern Summer Visitor Stable (Boddaert,1783) Pied crested cuckoo Eudynamys scolopacea 38 Asian Koel Least concern Resident Stable (Linnaeus, 1758) Common hawk- Hierococcyx varius 39 cuckoo/ Least concern Resident stable (Vahl, 1797) Brainfever Bird Phaenicophaeus 40 leschenaultia Sirkeer Malkoha Least concern Resident Stable (Lesson, 1830) Dicruridae

Dicrurus caerulescens 41 White bellied drongo Least Concern Resident Unknown (Linnaeus, 1758) Dicrurus macrocercus 42 Black Drongo Least concern Resident Increasing (Vieillot, 1817) Emberizidae

Melophus lathami 43 Crested Bunting Least concern Resident Stable (Gray, 1831) Emberiza bruniceps 44 Red headed bunting Least Concern Winter Visitor Stable (Brandt, 1841) Estrildidae

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Lonchura malabarica 45 Indian Silver bill Least concern Resident stable (Linnaeus, 1758) Falconidae

Falco tinnunculus 46 Common Kestrel Least Concern Winter visitor Decreasing (Linnaeus, 1758) Glareolidae

Cursorius 47 coromandelicus Indian Courser Least concern Resident Decreasing (Gmelin, 1789) Little Glareola lacteal 48 Pratincole/Small Least Concern Winter Visitor unknown (Temminck,1820) Indian Pratincole Halcyonidae

Halcyon smyrnensis white-throated 49 Least Concern Resident Decreasing (Olitari,1758) kingfisher Hirudinidae This taxon has not yet been assessed for the Cecropis daurica Red Rumped 50 IUCN Red List, but is Resident Unknown (Laxmann, 1769) swallow in the Catalogue of Life Hirundo rustica 51 Barn Swallow Least Concern Resident Decreasing (Linnaeus, 1758) Hirundo smithii 52 (Leach, 1818) Wire-tailed Swallow Least Concern Resident Increasing

This taxon has not yet been assessed for the Petrochelidon fluvicola Streak-throated- 53 IUCN Red List, but is Resident Unknown (Blyth, 1855) swallow in the Catalogue of Life This taxon has not yet been assessed for the Ptyonoprogne concolor 54 Dusky crag martin IUCN Red List, but is Resident Unknown (Sykes, 1832) in the Catalogue of Life Laniidae

*This taxon has not yet been assessed for Lanius meridionalis 55 Southern Grey Shrike the IUCN Red List, Resident Stable (Temminch, 1820) but is in the Catalogue of Life Long tailed shrike Lanius schach 56 /Rufous-backed Least concern Resident Stable (Linnaeus, 1758) Shrike Lanius vittatus 57 Bay-backed Shrike Least concern Resident stable (Valenciennes, 1826) Leiothrichidae

Turdoides caudatus 58 Common Babbler Least concern Resident Stable (Dumont, 1823) Turdoides malcolmi 59 Large Grey Babbler Least concern Resident stable (Sykes, 1832) Turdoides striatus 60 Jungle Babbler Least concern Resident Stable (Dumont, 1823) Megalaimidae

Megalaima 61 haemacephala Coppersmith Barbet Least concern Resident Decreasing (Philipp Ludwig Statius

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Müller,1776) Meropidae

Merops orientalis 62 Green Bee-eater Least concern Resident Increasing (Latham, 1801) Merops persicus Blue-Cheeked Bee- 63 Least concern Summer Visitor Decreasing (Pallas, 1773) Eater Merops philippinus 64 (Linnaeus, 1766) Blue Tailed-bee-eater Least Concern Resident Stable

Monarchidae Indian Paradise Terpsiphone paradise flycatcher/ 65 Least Concern Summer Visitor Stable (Linnaeus, 1758) Asian Paradise flycatcher Motacillidae Anthus rufulus Paddyfield pipit/ 66 Least Concern Resident Stable (Vieillot, 1818) Oriental pipit Motacilla alba 67 White Wagtail Least Concern Resident Stable (Linnaeus, 1758) Motacilla cinerea 68 Grey wagtail Least concern Resident Stable (Tunstall, 1771) Motacilla Citreola 69 Citrine wagtail Least concern Resident Stable (Pallas, 1776) Motacilla flava 70 Yellow wagtail Least concern Resident Decreasing (Linnaeus, 1758) This taxon has not yet Motacilla been assessed for the White-browed 71 maderaspatensis IUCN Red List, but is Resident Unknown wagtail (Gmelin, 1789) in the Catalogue of Life Muscicapidae

Cercomela fusca 72 Brown rock Chat Least concern Resident Stable (Blyth, 1851) Copsychus saularis Oriental Magpie- 73 Least concern Resident Stable (Linnaeus, 1758) Robin Ficedula parva Red-breasted 74 Least Concern Winter Visitor Stable (Bechstein, 1792) flycatcher Luscinia svecica 75 Blue throat Least concern Winter visitor Stable (Linnaeus, 1758) Monticola solitarius 76 Blue Rock-Thrush least concern Winter visitor Stable (Linnaeus, 1758) Oenanthe deserti 77 Desert wheatear Least Concern Winter Visitor Stable (Temminck, 1829) Oenanthe picata 78 Variable Wheatear Least concern Winter visitor Stable (Blyth, 1847) Phoenicurus ochruros 79 Black redstart Least Concern Winter Visitor Increasing (S.G.Gmelin, 1774) Saxicola caprata 80 Pied Bushchat Least concern Winter visitor Stable (Linnaeus, 1766) Saxicola torquata 81 Common Stonechat Least concern Winter visitor Stable (Linnaeus, 1766) Saxicoloides fulicata 82 Indian Robin Least concern Resident Stable (Linnaeus, 1776) Nectariniidae

Nectarinia asiatica 83 Purple Sunbird Least concern Resident Stable (Latham, 1790) Oriolidae

Oriolus oriolus Eurasian Golden 84 Least concern Summer Visitor Stable (Linnaeus, 1758) Oriole

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Passeridae

Passer domesticus 85 House Sparrow Least concern Resident Increasing (Linnaeus, 1758) Phasianidae

Francolinus 86 pondicerianus Grey Francolin Least Concern Resident Stable (Gmelin, 1789) Pavo cristatus 87 Indian Peafowl Least Concern Resident Decreasing (Linnaeus, 1758) Phylloscopidae

Phylloscopus collybita 88 Common Chiffchaff Least concern Winter visitor Decreasing (Vieillot, 1817) Picidae

Chrysocolaptes festivus White-naped 89 Least Concern Residential Stable (Boddaert, 1783) woodpecker Dinopium benghalense Black-rumped 90 Least concern Resident Stable (Linnaeus, 1758) Woodpecker Jynx torquilla 91 Eurasian wryneck Least Concern Winter Visitor Decreasing (Linnaeus, 1758) Picoides nanus Brown-capped 92 Least concern Resident Stable (Vigors, 1832) Pygmy Woodpecker Ploceidae

Ploceus philippinus 93 Baya Weaver Least concern Resident Stable (Linnaeus, 1766) Psittacidae

Psittacula cyanocephala Plum-headed 94 Least concern Winter visitor Decreasing (Linnaeus, 1766) Parakeet Psittacula eupatria 95 Alexandrine Parakeet Near threatened Resident Decreasing (Linnaeus, 1766) Psittacula krameri 96 Rose-ringed Parakeet Least concern Resident Increasing (Scopoli, 1769) Pteroclididae

Pterocles Indicus 97 Painted sandgrous Least concern Resident Stable (Gmelin, 1789) Pterocles exustus Chestnut-bellied 98 Least concern Resident Stable (Temminck, 1825) sandgrouse Pycnonotidae

Pycnonotus cafer 99 Red-vented Bulbul Least concern Resident Increasing (Linnaeus, 1766) Pycnonotus leucotis 100 White-eared bulbul Least concern Resident Decreasing (Gould, 1836) Strigidae

Asio flammeus 101 Short-eared Owl Least concern Winter visitor Decreasing (Pontoppidan, 1763) Athene brama 102 Spotted Owlet Least concern Resident Stable (Temminck, 1821) Bubo bubo 103 Eurasian Eagle-Owl Least concern Resident Decreasing (Linnaeus, 1758) Sturnidae

Acridotheres ginginianus 104 Bank Myna Least concern Resident Increasing (Latham, 1790) Acridotheres tristis 105 Common Myna Least concern Resident Increasing (Linnaeus, 1766) Sturnus contra 106 Asian Pied Starling Least concern Resident Stable (Linnaeus, 1758) Sturnus pagodarum 107 Brahminy Starling Least concern Resident increasing (Gmelin, 1789) Sturnus roseus 108 Rosy Starling Least concern Winter visitor Stable (Linnaeus, 1758) 109 Sturnus vulgaris Common Starling Least concern Winter visitor Decreasing

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(Linnaeus, 1758) Sylviidae

Sylvia althaea 110 Hume’s Whitethroat Least Concern Winter Visitor Stable (Hume, 1878) Chrysomma sinense 111 Yellow-eyed Babbler Least concern Resident Stable (Gmelin, 1789) Sylvia curruca Common Lesser 112 Least concern Winter visitor Stable (Linnaeus, 1758) Whitethroat Tephrodornithidae Tephrodornis Common 113 pondicerianus, Least concern Resident Stable Woodshrike (Gmelin, 1789) Tytonidae

Tyto alba 114 Barn Owl Least concern Resident Decreasing (Scopoli, 1769) Upupidae

Upupa epops 115 Common Hoopoe Least concern Winter visitor Stable (Linnaeus, 1758) Zosteropidae

Zosterops palpebrosus 116 Oriental White-eye Least concern Resident Decreasing (Temminck, 1824)

The category of water birds included 60 species of birds belonging to different families. Out of which 05 species Aythya nyroca, Mycteria leucocephala, Limosa limosa, Sterna aurantia and Threskiornis melanocephalus are Near Threatened, 02 species Aythya ferina and Pelecanus crispus are Vulnerable, 50 are Least Concern and 03 species “taxon has not yet been assessed for the IUCN Red List, but it is in Catalogue of Life” (Table 3).

Table 3: IUCN status of avian species S.No. IUCN Status Water birds Terrestrial birds Number of species 1 Endangered - 02 02 2 Vulnerable 02 - 02 3 Near Threatened 05 01 06 4 Least Concern 50 108 158 5 Not Evaluated 03 05 08 Total 60 116 176

According to IUCN Status, 34 species were Winter Visitor and 01 Passage Visitor and 25 were Resident (Table 4). Population trend of 29 species decreased, 20 were Stable and 07 species increased in the study area (Table 5). Population trend of 04 species were Unknown.

Table 4: Migratory status of avian species S. No. Migratory status Water birds Terrestrial bird Number of Speciec 1 Resident 25 86 111 2 Winter Visitor 34 25 059 3 Summer Visitor - 04 04 4 Passage Visitor 01 01 02 Total 60 116 176

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Table 5: Population trend of avian species S. No. Population trend Water birds Terrestrial bird Number of Species 1 Increases 07 12 019 2 Stable 20 63 083 3 Decreases 29 34 063 4 Unknown 04 07 011 Total 60 116 176

In the category of terrestrial birds 116 species beloning to different families were observed in the study area. Out of which 02 species Aquila nipalensis and Neophron percnopterus are endangered and only one species Psittacula eupatria is near threatened. Five species were not yet been assessed for the IUCN Red List, but is in the Catalogue of Life. 108 species were least concern, 86 birds species are Resident. 25 species are Winter Visitor, 04 species Clamator jacobinus, Merops persicus, Terpsiphone paradise and Oriolus oriolus are Summer Visitor and only 01 species Coracias garrulous is Passage Visitor. Population trend of 34 species decreases, 63 are stable and 12 species increases where as 7 species were unknown. Major threats and reason for decline in population are mining, anthropogenic activities, population growth,resource consumption, climate change and global warming, urbanisation, invasive alien species, over-exploitation of natural resources and environmental degradation.

IV. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We would like to express our deep gratitude and thanks to Prof. K.K. Sharma, Former Vice-Chancellor, Maharshi Dayanand Saraswati University, Ajmer (Rajasthan), for his motivational spirit. I extend my sincere thanks to Dr. Mahesh Bundele, Dean (R&D), Poornima University, Jaipur. I am highly indebted to Dr. S.P. Mehra for his timely guidance and support. I am also thankful to Department of Forest, Government of Rajasthan.

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