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Management of Acute Compartment Syndrome

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Management of Acute Compartment Syndrome MANAGEMENT OF ACUTE COMPARTMENT SYNDROME CLINICAL PRACTICE GUIDELINE Adopted by the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Board of Directors 12.07.2018 Endorsed by: 2 Disclaimer This clinical practice guideline was developed by a physician volunteer clinical practice guideline development group based on a formal systematic review of the available scientific and clinical information and accepted approaches to treatment and/or diagnosis. This clinical practice guideline is not intended to be a fixed protocol, as some patients may require more or less treatment or different means of diagnosis. Clinical patients may not necessarily be the same as those found in a clinical trial. Patient care and treatment should always be based on a clinician’s independent medical judgment, given the individual patient’s specific clinical circumstances. Disclosure Requirement In accordance with AAOS policy, all individuals whose names appear as authors or contributors to this clinical practice guideline filed a disclosure statement as part of the submission process. All panel members provided full disclosure of potential conflicts of interest prior to voting on the recommendations contained within this clinical practice guideline. Funding Source This clinical practice guideline was funded exclusively through a research grant provided by the United States Department of Defense with no funding from outside commercial sources to support the development of this document. FDA Clearance Some drugs or medical devices referenced or described in this Clinical practice guideline may not have been cleared by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) or may have been cleared for a specific use only. The FDA has stated that it is the responsibility of the physician to determine the FDA clearance status of each drug or device he or she wishes to use in clinical practice. Copyright All rights reserved. No part of this clinical practice guideline may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form, or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission from METRC. If you wish to request permission please contact METRC by clicking here or AAOS by clicking here. Published 12/7/18 by the Major Extremity Trauma and Rehabilitation Consortium (METRC) in collaboration with the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) 9400 W Higgins Rosemont, IL First Edition Copyright 2018 by the Major Extremity Trauma and Rehabilitation Consortium (METRC) and the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) 3 To View All AAOS and AAOS-Endorsed Evidence-Based clinical practice guidelines and Appropriate Use Criteria in a User-Friendly Format, Please Visit the OrthoGuidelines Web-Based App at www.orthoguidelines.org or by downloading to your smartphone or tablet via the Apple and Google Play stores! 4 Table of Contents Summary of recommendations ........................................................................................... 7 Serum Biomarkers .................................................................................................................. 7 Serum Biomarkers in Late/Missed ACS ................................................................................. 7 Pressure Methods .................................................................................................................... 7 Pressure Monitoring in Late/Missed ACS .............................................................................. 8 Physical Exam (Awake) .......................................................................................................... 8 Physical Exam (Obtunded) ..................................................................................................... 8 Alternative methods of Diagnosis ........................................................................................... 9 Fasciotomy Methods ............................................................................................................... 9 Fasciotomy for Late/Missed ACS ........................................................................................... 9 Associated Fracture ................................................................................................................. 9 Wound Management ............................................................................................................. 10 Pain Management Effects on Diagnosis ............................................................................... 10 Development Group Roster .............................................................................................. 11 Voting Members ....................................................................................................................... 11 Non-Voting Oversight Chairs/Staff .......................................................................................... 11 Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 12 Overview/Military Application ................................................................................................. 12 Goals and Rationale .................................................................................................................. 12 Intended Users .......................................................................................................................... 13 Patient Population ..................................................................................................................... 14 Burden of Disease ..................................................................................................................... 14 Etiology ..................................................................................................................................... 14 Incidence and Prevalence .......................................................................................................... 14 Risk Factors .............................................................................................................................. 15 Emotional and Physical Impact ................................................................................................ 15 Potential Benefits, Harms, and Contraindications .................................................................... 15 Future Research ........................................................................................................................ 15 Methods............................................................................................................................. 17 Best Evidence Synthesis ........................................................................................................... 17 Literature Searches .................................................................................................................... 17 Defining the Strength of the Recommendations ....................................................................... 17 Voting on the Recommendations .............................................................................................. 17 Interpreting the Strength of Evidence ....................................................................................... 18 Peer Review .............................................................................................................................. 19 Public Commentary .................................................................................................................. 19 The AAOS Clinical practice guideline Approval Process ........................................................ 19 Revision Plans ........................................................................................................................... 19 Clinical practice guideline Dissemination Plans ....................................................................... 19 Study Attrition Flowchart ......................................................................................................... 20 Recommendations ............................................................................................................. 21 Serum Biomarkers ................................................................................................................ 21 Serum Biomarkers in Late/Missed ACS ............................................................................... 26 5 Pressure Methods .................................................................................................................. 27 Pressure Monitoring in Late/Missed ACS ............................................................................ 37 Physical Exam (Awake) ........................................................................................................ 38 Physical Exam (Obtunded) ................................................................................................... 41 Alternative Methods of Diagnosis ........................................................................................ 42 Fasciotomy Methods ............................................................................................................. 44 Fasciotomy for Late/Missed ACS ......................................................................................... 49 Associated Fracture ............................................................................................................... 50 Wound Management
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