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Permian Sphenopsids from Antarctica

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Permian Sphenopsids from Antarctica Permian Sphenopsids From Antarctica GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 613-F Permian Sphenopsids From Antarctica By J. F. RIGBY CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEONTOLOGY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 613-F Descriptions and distribution of species of the fossil plant genera Phyllotheca, Schizoneura, Paracalamites, and Umbellaphyllites UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1969 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR WALTER J. HICKEL, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY William T. Pecora, Director For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 - Price 45 cents (paper cover) CONTENTS Page Page Abstract.--. __ . __. ___ -_-_..._ _.. Fl Introduction. ____ _ _ _ ___. -___.-_- ._.. 1 F9 Acknowledgments -____- __ _ _ __ 1 10 1 or parallel-ribbed Descriptions of flora. ________ _ ___ 2 10 2 11 7 11 7 13 ILLUSTRATIONS [Plates follow index] PLATE 1. Paracalamites australis Rigby. 2. Umbellaphyllites ivini (Walkom) Rigby, Phyllotheca, Paracalamites australis Rigby, and Schizoneura gondwanensi Feistmantel. 3. Sphenopsid leaves, plant organs, and Paracalamites aiistralis Rigby. Page FIGURES 1, 2. Diagrammatic representations of: 1. Nodal rib pattern in Paracalamites australis..- _________________--_-_--_- F5 2. Irregularities in rib pattern in part of upper node of Paracalamites australis. 6 TABLES Page TABLE 1. Dimensions of leaf whorls of some specimens of Umbellaphyllites and Raniganjia. ________________________ F9 2. Distribution of Gondwanaland sphenopsid genera by continents.______________________--_--_--_----_-- 11 in CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEONTOLOGY PERMIAN SPHENOPSIDS FROM ANTARCTICA By J. F. KIGBY ABSTKACT sid genera based on leaves also appear to occur alone Sphenopsids in the Permian of Antarctica are represented within any particular stratum. These rarely found gen­ almost entirely by leafless stems of Paraealamites australis from era are jSteUotheca, UnibettapliyHites, and Raniganjia. 23 localities distributed throughout all areas of known Lower The genus Splietwpliyllum is common only in India, Gondwana sedimentary deposits. These stems are abundant in but it is known from elsewhere in Gondwanaland. Its a few localities where they represent almost all the plant re­ mains available. P. australis stems are characterized by adja­ habit is uncertain, but SphefwphyUitm appears to hs.ve cent and apposing ribs that are interconnected at the nodes. been different from other ancient herbaceous and arbo­ Leaf remains are rare; they are known from eight localities. rescent forms that had a habit similar to the extr.nt Sclifeoneura gondmanensis and Umbellaphyllites irini are each Eguisetwm. The reconstruction of Sphenophyllum known from one locality. Remains at other localities are specifi­ m/ultimme given by Darrah (1968) may also be typical cally or generically indeterminate: Phyllotheca sp. represents the only other leaf definitely recognized. Umbellaphyllites ivini for this genus in Gondwanaland. is restricted to the Lower Permian Greta Coal Measures; the Within the present report., fossils are discussed in the other species are long ranging and widely distributed. No precise following order: stems, identifiable leaves, nonidentifi- stratigraphic age determinations are therefore possible from able leaves, and other remains. recognition of these sphenopsid species. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS INTRODUCTION Studies of Antarctic paleobotany and palynology hr.ve The distribution of sphenopsids in Antarctica has been supported by the Office of Antarctic Research, Na­ already been indicated by Rigby and Schopf (1969). tional Science Foundation (project AG-12, formerly Leafless stems of P(tracedamites au-strdlis represent al­ GA ITT). This particular report was completed with most the entire fossil record of sphenopsids in the Per­ funds generously provided by Ohio State University, mian of Antarctica. These stems are identical with stems through the Institute of Polar Studies, for a period of found elsewhere in Lower Gondwana deposits. Other 2 months after funds provided by the National Science remains include determinable and indeterminable leaf Foundation had been exhausted. In addition, thanks r.re whorls and leaves. These are limited to only a few local­ due to U.S. Naval Support Squadron VX 6, which was ities and each determinable species is restricted to a responsible for logistic aid in fieldwork. The assistance single locality. It is striking that sphenopsid stems are of those who provided materials for the collections, as common and foliage is rare in Antarctica. specifically indicated in the text, is also gratefully The only other part of Gondwanaland where this type acknowledged. of preservation is also as striking is in the Perth and Collie Basins of Western Australia, where stems are PREVIOUS INVESTIGATIONS fairly common, but leaves are restricted to TJnibella- The only previous reports of sphenopsid remains in pliyllites minima known only from a single locality. the Permian of Antarctica have been made by Plum- Species of PTiyllotlieca, form a significant part of the stead (1962) and Eigby and Schopf (1969). flora in many parts of Gondwanaland; Schizoneura is Plumstead (1962) recorded specimens of sphenopsHs less common, and other genera are rare. from the Theron Mountains. Her single specimen of A n- Occurrences of nonfoliaceous stems are usually accom­ nularia sp. is now considered to be a possible record of panied by leaves of either Pliyll'Otheca or ScMzoneum. ScMzoneura sp. Her specimens of Phyllotheca sp. cf. P. These two genera apparently occur within different austral-fa, which were leafless stems, are now included in strata at any particular locality. Other sphenop­ Paraccdamites australis. Fl F2 CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEONTOLOGY Rigby and Schopf, (19.69) listed regions ofAntarctica 1905. Phyllotheca sp. Arber, British Mus. (Nat. History) Cata­ where sphenopsids occur; their distribution is extensive. logue Fossil Plants Glossopteris Flora, p. 29-30. speci­ The present report is a detailed discussion of the men V3620 only. 1908. Phyllotheca sp. White, D., in White, I. C., Coal Measures, sphenopsids referred to by Rigby and Schopf (1969). Associated Rocks, South Brazil, Rept., pt. 3, p. 420-423, 428-433, pi. 5, figs. 3-5. DESCRIPTIONS OF FLORA 1911. Phyllotheca australis Brongniart. Halle, Uppsala Univ. Geol. Inst. Bull., v. 11, p. 163-166 [part only], pi. 1. Genus PARACALAMITES Zalessky figs. 12-14. Paracalamites australis Rigby 1911. Phyllotheca cf. deliquescens (Goeppert) 'Schmalhausen. Halle, Uppsala Univ. Geol. Inst. Bull., v. 11, p. 166-167 Plate 1, figures 1-9; plate 2, figures 6-8; plate 3, figures 4-8; [part only], pi. 1, fig. 26. text figures 1, 2 1921. Phyllotheca sp. Kurtz, Cordoba Acad. Nac. Ciencias Acta [Argentina], v. 7, pi. 11, fig. D and possibly others; pi. 1861. Phyllotheca indica Bunbury. Geol. Soe. London Quart. 26, fig. 364. Jour., v. 17, p. 335-338 [part only], pi. 10, figs. 6, 9; 1922. Phyllotheca sp. Walkom, Queensland Geol. Survey Pub. pi. 11, figs. 1, 2. 2T0, p. 7, pi. 1, fig. 2. 1879. Bquisetaceous stalks. Feistmantel, India Geol. Survey 1923. IPhyllotheca sp. Glauert, Royal Soe. Western Australia Mem., Palaeontologlca Indica, r. 3 (Fossil Flora Gond- Jour., v. 10, pt. 3, p. 8. iwana System), pt. 1, p. 8, pi. 1, figs. 4, 5. 1923. cf. Phyllotheca australis Bronguiart. Seward and Walton, 1880. Schisoneura gondwanensis Feistmantel, India Geol. Sur­ Geol. Soe. London Quart. Jour., v. 79, p. 318, pi. 19, vey Mem., Palaeontologica Indica, v. 3 (Fossil Flora fig. 6. Gondwana System), pt. 2, p. 63, pi. 5A, fig. 3; pi. 7A, 1929. Phyllotheca sp. Walton, Southern Rhodesia Geol. Survey fig. la; pi. 9A, figs. 1-7. Bull., 15, p. 64, pi. A, fig. 1. 1881. Equisetaceous stalk. Feistmantel, India Geol. Survey 1934. Tallos de equisetales. Harrington, Mus. La Plata [Ar­ Mem., Palaeontologica Indica, v. 3 (Fossil Flora Gond­ gentina] Revista, v. 34, p. 320, pi. 4, figs. 3-5. wana System), pt. 1 (supp.), p. 52, pi. 30, fig. 1. 1935. Tiges ou rameaux Equisetales. Carpentier, Madagascar 1882. Equisetaceous stem. Feistmantel, India Geol. Survey Geol. Serv. des Mines Annales, v. 5, p. 10, pi. 2, figs. Mem., Palaeontologica Indica, v. 4 (Fossil Flora Gond­ 1-3. wana System), pt. 1, p. 23, pi. 11, fig. 5. 1935. Diaphragme d'Equisetinee. Carpentier, Madagascar Geol. 1890. Phyllotheca australis Brongniart. Feistmantel, Uhlonosne Serv. des Mines Annales, v. 5, p. 10, pi. 4, fi?. 1. Utvary V Tasmanii [spisuw poctenych jubilejni cen- 1935. Rameau d'Equisetinee. Carpentier, Madagascar Geol. Serv. oukral. c. spolecnosti nauk v. Praze.] v. 3, p. 90, pi. 7, des Mines Annales, v. 5, p. 10, pi. 5, fig. 1. figs. 2,15 only. 1941. Phyllotheca sp. Read, Brasil Div. Geol. Mineralogia Mon. 1890. Rachis of ferns(?) Kidston in Foord, Geol. Mag., ser. 3, 12, p. 90-91, pi. 3, figs. 4-6. v. 7, p. 102, figs. 6, 6a. 1943. Schizoneura sp. Teixeira, Soe. Geol. Portugal Bol., v. 2, 1895. Pliyllothecal sp. Etheridge, New South Wales Geol. Sur­ pt. 1, p. 7, pi. 2, figs. 8-10; and, Teixeira, Anais Junta vey Records, v. 4, pt. 4, p. 149 (stems), pi. 18, figs. 1, 2. Invest. Colonials [Portugal], v. 2, no. 2, 1947, p. 18, 1900. Schizoneura?. Potonie, H., Deutsch Ost-Afrika, in Palaont. 26, pi. 15, figs. 3-5. Ergebnisse W. Burnhardt, pt. 2. Berlin, D. Reimer (E. 1954. Phyllotheca sp. Mendes, Univ. Sao Paulo [B~azil], Fac. Vohsen). v. 7, p. 502, text fig. 28. Filos. Cienc. Letras. Bol. 175, Geol. 10, p. 69, pi. 1, 1902. ScMsoneura gondwanensis Feistmantel [probably]. Zeil- figs. 6, 7. ler, Palaeontologioal Indica, new ser., v. 2, pt. 1, p. 27 1956. Stems. Surange, Palaeobotanist, v. 4, p. 83, pi. 1, figs. 1-3; [only], pi. 6, figs. 2-4. text fig. 1. 1904. ArcJiaeocalamites scrobiculatus (Schlotheim) Stur. Chap­ 1959. Calamites. Teixeira and Goncalves, Garcia de Orta, v. 7, man, Royal Soe. Victoria Proc., v. 16, p. 315, pi. 27, pt. 4, pi. 7, figs. 4-6. figs. 8-9. 1960. Equisetaceous stems. H0eg and Bose, Mus. Royal Congo 1905. Schizoneura gondwanensis Feistmantel. Arber, British Belgique, 8°, Annales, Sci. Geol., v. 32, p.
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