THE BEWLEYS OF CUMBERLAND

AND THEIR

IRISH AND OTHER DESCENDANTS

WITH FULL PEDIGREES OF THE FAMILY FROM 1332 TO THE PRESENT DAY

BY SIR EDMUND THOMAS BEWLEY M.A., LL.D.

ILLUSTRATED

DUBLIN WILLIAM McGEE, 18, NASSAU STREET

1902 ARMS OF THE BEWLEYS OF CUMBERLAND as confirmed to Sir Edmund Thomas Bewley by Ulster King of Arms. “THE expansion and extension of genealogical study is a very remarkable feature of our own times. Men are apparently awaking to the fact there are other families besides those described in the peerage that those families have their records, played their part in history furnished the bone and sinew of national action, and left traces behind them which it behoves their descendants to search out and keep in remembrance. There is nothing in this that need be stigmatised as vain and foolish; it is a very natural instinct, and it appears to be one of the ways in which a general interest in national history may be expected to grow. It is an increasing pursuit both in America and England, and certainly helps, by the promotion of careful investigation, and by the publication of recondite memorials, the more complete adjustment of personal and local details.”

STUBBS’ Lectures on Medieval and Modern History. Printed at the Dublin University Press By Ponsonby & Weldrick PREFACE

f any apology is needed for the present work, it will be Ifound, I think, in the extract from the late Bishop Stubbs’ Oxford Lectures given on a previous page. From the Pedigrees at the end of the book it will be seen that the descendants of the Bewleys of Cumberland are now scattered through England, Ireland, India, the British Colonies, and the United States of America ; and it is not only natural but right that some effort should be made to collect and preserve the records of their ancestors, and to show the evidence by which descent from them can be traced. The plan of the book may be gathered from the titles of the Chapters in the Table of Contents. As no person appeared to have attempted to explain how the name Beaulieu, or its Latin equivalent Bellus Locus, or its Anglicised form Bewley, was so often associated with monastic or ecclesiastical sites, I made a special study of the subject for the purposes of the present book, and have given my views very fully in an article on “Beaulieu as a placename,” published in Notes and Queries (9th Series), vol. viii., p. 397. A more condensed statement of the conclu- viii PREFACE sions arrived at appears in Chapter I, post, and it is hoped that no reader who has perused it will afterwards fall into the error of supposing that places named Beaulieu or Bewley were called after a family or families that bore the name, or will imagine that there is any connection between the several families who derive their names from distinct places called Beaulieu or Bewley. The origin of the Bewleys of Cumberland is a matter on which one should not dogmatise, and after going through Chapter II. the reader should turn to the closing paragraph of Appendix A, at p. 142. As this book is intended mainly for those who are neither learned in the law nor antiquaries, I have endeavored in Chapter III. to explain various feudal law terms that are necessarily used both in the text of the book and in the Pedigrees. When a member of the Bewley family learns that the name of Thomas de Beaulieu is found in a subsidy roll of 1332, and that an inquisition post mortem was taken in 1434 on the death of William de Beaulieu, it will add greatly to his interest, I think, to understand clearly what these terms really signify ; and an adequate explanation of them would not be afforded by any ordinary dictionary or encyclopaedia. Before examining the Pedigrees at the end of the book, the Introductory matter at pp. 161-3 should be read. It is a matter of observation that the pedigrees in Heralds’ Visitations, and even at times in Peerages and similar works, are often sadly deficient in dates and in materials that would enable a reader to test the accuracy of the state- PREFACE ix ments contained in them. In the Pedigrees in the present work I have endeavoured, as far as practicable, to indicate the principal evidence upon which they are founded ; and the Bewleys of the present day, whose names appear in the Pedigrees, will have but little difficulty in verifying every step in their descent back to the reigns of the Tudors. Prior to that period the evidence is to some extent circumstantial, but it appears nevertheless to be convincing. In respect to the Pedigrees, I have to acknowledge my obligations to the late John Bewley, Esq., of Stanwix, Carlisle, and to John Yarker, Esq., of West Didsbury, Manchester. When, in the beginning of the year 1898, I had for the first time leisure to undertake the investigation of the early history of my family, I had the good fortune to get into communication with Mr. John Bewley of Stanwix, who, it turned out, had been engaged for many years in tracing the pedigrees of the descendants of the Cumberland Bewleys. For this purpose he had collected the entries connected with the Bewley family in the Parish Registers of several of the parishes in Cumberland, in the Registers of the Society of Friends in Cumberland and in Ireland, and in various other Registers; and with these materials he had compiled a Pedigree that included nearly the entire of what is termed Pedigree D in the present volume, and a large portion of Pedigrees E and F. With great kindness he furnished me with a copy of this Pedigree, and on my first visit to Carlisle gave me access to the notes he had made in the course of his researches. In the preparation of the Pedigree above referred to, Mr. x PREFACE

John Bewley had been aided by Mr. John Yarker, an ardent and proficient genealogist, who took a special interest in the work from the fact of his being a descendant of the Bewleys of Cumberland ; and in my pedigree work, in connection with the same subject, I have derived much benefit from Mr. Yarker’s suggestions. But notwithstanding the care with which Mr. John Bewley’s Pedigree had been compiled, I considered it desirable to go over the same ground independently. In two visits to Caldbeck I noted the Bewley entries in the Parish Register, and the Lord Bishop of Carlisle having kindly given me permission to examine the transcripts of the parish registers in the Diocesan Registry of Carlisle, I was enabled not only to check the entries in the Caldbeck Parish Register, but also to supply some Bewley entries that were missing, owing to the loss of some pages of the Register. I examined also in Somerset House the original Cumberland Registers of the Society of Friends: and every birth, death, and marriage, appearing by the Pedigrees to be registered in the Irish Registers of the Society of Friends, has been extracted by me from the original records. It is unnecessary to refer to the nature and extent of the researches made by me for the purposes of the present work in the Public Record Office, London the British Museum, and in Cumberland and elsewhere. The question of the Arms of the Bewleys of Cumberland in itself involved a lengthened but most interesting inquiry, and a study of many Heraldic MSS. in the British Museum. The Court Rolls of the Manor of Caldbeck have fur- PREFACE xi nished invaluable information as to the history of the Bewleys of Cumberland, and have brought to light many things that were previously unknown or obscure. For liberty to examine and take extracts from such of these Rolls as are at Lowther, I am extremely grateful to the Earl of Lonsdale, while, in respect to those at Cockermouth Castle, I am similarly indebted to the late Lord Leconfield, and his courteous agent, William J. Clutton, Esq. Sir Wilfrid Lawson, Bart., most kindly allowed me to examine the deeds and other documents at Brayton relating to the sale of the Manor of Hesket by Thomas Bewley, of Hesket Hall, to William Lawson of Isell, in 1630, and also permitted me to have a photograph taken of the portrait of Judith Lawson, for the purpose of one of the illustrations in the present volume. A special acknowledgment should be made of the great service rendered by the Rev. James Wilson, M.A., Vicar of Dalston, in contributing the extracts from the Ministers’ Accounts of the Bishops of Carlisle, incorporated in Appendix E. All the modern dates that are not accompanied in the Pedigrees by any reference to a Register have been authenticated by leading members of the branch of the family to which they relate. The Pedigrees, both in MS. and afterwards in proof, have been circulated in the family, and no pains have been spared to ensure the accuracy of every statement they contain. To those members of the family who have rendered me active help in this matter I return my sincere thanks. xii PREFACE

My friend Mr. J. R. Blake, an accomplished heraldic artist, has been good enough to present me with the drawing of which the frontispiece is a reproduction. It was taken from the emblazonment on the Certificate of Arms described at p. 133. My son Mr. Edward Dawson Bewley has given me much useful help in reading the proofs.

EDMUND T. BEWLEY.

FITZWILLIAM PLACE,

DUBLIN, June, 1902. TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER I. PAGE

The Origin of the Name Bewley, . . . . . 1

CHAPTER II.

The Origin of the Bewleys of Cumberland, . . 9

CHAPTER III.

The Tenures and Localities of the Lands of the Bewleys of Cumberland, ...... 24

CHAPTER IV.

The Early History of the Bewleys of Cumberland, 46

CHAPTER V.

The Bewleys of Woodhall and Haltcliff Hall, . 88

CHAPTER VI.

The Irish Bewleys, ...... 113

CHAPTER VII.

The Arms of the Bewleys of Cumberland, . . . 124 xiv TABLE OF CONTENTS

APPENDICES PAGE

A. Origin of the Bewleys of Cumberland, . . 139

B. Extracts from the County Histories and other Books relating to the Bewleys of Cumberland, 143

C. Connection between the Bewley and Monsell Families, ...... 148

D. Extract from the Records of Edenberry Meeting as to Mungo Bewley, . . . . . 150

E. The Relations of the Bewleys of Cumberland with the See of Carlisle, . . . . 153

THE PEDIGREES Introductory, ...... 161

At the end of the volume : –

A.—Pedigree of the Bewleys of Thistlethwaite and Hesket Hall, Cumberland, and their descendants

B.—Pedigree of the Bewleys of Woodhall, Haltcliff Hall, and Ivegill, Cumberland.

C.—Pedigree of the Descendants of Joseph Bewley, of Hesket, Cumberland

D.—Pedigree of the Descendants of Mungo Bewley, of Edenberry, King’s Co.

E.—Pedigree of the Descendants of Mungo Bewley of Mountmellick, Queen’s Co.

F.—Pedigree of the Descendants of Samule Bewley, of Rockville, Co. Dublin. xiv TABLE OF CONTENTS

INDEX Page Part I.—General Index, ...... 165

Part II,—Index of Persons, ...... 173

Part III,—Index of Places, ...... 183

CHAPTER I

THE ORIGIN OF THE NAME BEWLEY

EWLEY, as will abundantly appear in the course of the Bfollowing pages, is the Anglicised form of the French name Beaulieu, which had its origin in the Latin Bellus Locus—‘a fair place.’ Bewley or Beaulieu as a surname belongs to the topographical or local class of surnames, certain families or individuals living in places called Beaulieu at the time that such names first came into use being described as “de Beaulieu.” Beaulieu as a place-name is almost invariably connected with monastic or ecclesiastical sites, and it may be of interest to discuss its origin and trace its use. In the year A.D. 855 an abbey was founded by Rodulfe Archbishop of Bourges, a son of the Comte de Turenne, in an obscure village of Limousin, called Vellinus. The noble prelate chose for the site of the new religious house a spot on his own domains, at the entrance to a smiling valley watered by the Dordogne, and sheltered on the north and south by lofty hills planted with vines and fruit trees, and gave it from the beauty of its situation the name of Bellus Locus, from which in course of time were derived successively Belloc, Belluec—in the Limousin dialect Bellec or Bellé—and the modern Beaulieu.1

1 Cartulaire de l’Abbaye de Beaulieu (en Limousin), par Maximin Deloche, p. xiii. B 2 THE ORIGIN OF THE NAME BEWLEY

The abbey, which was placed under the Benedictine rule, was magnificently endowed by its founder as well as by the Counts of Turenne and neighbouring proprietors, and received also various benefits and immunities from the sovereigns of Aquitaine. In the latter half of the tenth century it had attained a remarkable degree of prosperity, and its possessions extended over a considerable portion of what are now known as the Departments of Correze and Lot. A number of secondary houses submitting to its rule were administered by monks delegated by the abbot, and ultimately took the name of priories. In this way the name Bellus Locus became widely known and acquired a high repute. Other Benedictine monasteries, either previously existing or subsequently founded, came also to bear the name of Bellus 1 Locus (afterwards Beaulieu) ; for example, the monastery founded in 642 by Rodingus, an Irish or Scottish monk (known in later times as St. Rouin), at Waslogium in the forests of the Argonne, not far from Verdun ; the monastery2 established in 1007 by Fulk Nerra, Count of Anjou, near Loches in Touraine ; and the priory3 of Bellus Locus founded in Bedfordshire about 1140 by Robert de Albini and Cicely his mother. When the Cistercian Order was established in the twelfth century, as an off-shoot of the Benedictines, the name of Bellus Locus was not disregarded by it in its foundations. Amongst the religious houses subject to its rule which bore the name may be mentioned, an abbey4 5 in the diocese of Rodez, founded in 1141 ; the monastery of Bellus Locus near Langres in the diocese of Macon, established in 1166 ; and the abbey6 of Bellus Locus Regis in

1 Annales Ordinis S. Benedicti, by J. Mabillon ; tome i., p. 352. 2 Ibid., tome iv., p. 180. 3 Dugdale’s Monasticon, vol. iii., p. 274. 4 Gallia Christiana, 2nd ed., tome i., 267. 5 Ibid., tome iv., 845. 6 Dugdale’s Monasticon, vol. v., p. 680. THE ORIGIN OF THE NAME BEWLEY 3 the New Forest, Hampshire, founded by King John in 1204. The use of the name Bellus Locus for the site of a religious foundation was not, however, confined to the Benedictines and Cistercians, but extended in course of time to other religious orders. Sometimes the name Bellus Locus or Beaulieu was given to monastic or ecclesiastical possessions other than the sites of religious houses. For instance, about the year 1264, Hugh de Derlington, Prior of the Benedictine Convent of Durham, erected a manor house on the lands of the convent in the parish of Billingham, in the county of Durham, and gave it the name of Beaulieu.1 Connected with the manor was a grange or farmhouse, and the division of the parish of Billingham in which the manor house was situate came to be called in modern times Newtown Bewley, while the division containing the grange was known as Cowpen Bewley.2 Beaulieu, now called Bewdley, in Worcestershire, was at one time a manor belonging to the Benedictine Priory of St. Mary’s, Worcester3, and no doubt received its name from its monastic owners ; and Bewley Castle near Appleby in Westmorland, which was one of the early residences of the Bishops of Carlisle, is called Bellus Locus in ancient documents, and was probably given its name by Hugh, the third bishop of Carlisle, who had been abbot of Beaulieu in Hampshire.4 In ancient times Bellus Locus (Beaulieu) was in many instances a descriptive name of the same character as Bellus Mons (Beaumont), Clarus Locus (Clairlieu), Clara Vallis (Clairvaux), Vallis Clausa (Vaucluse), and many

1 History of Robert de Graystanes : Surtees Society’s Publications, vol. ix., p. 46. 2 Surtees’ History of Durham, vol. iii., p. 150. 3 Calendar of Close Rolls, Ed. III., 1337-1339, p. I94 4 J. E. Prescott’s Register of the Priory of Wetherall, pp. 50n, 62n. 4 THE ORIGIN OF THE NAME BEWLEY other names of the same nature borne by religious houses, but it is probable that in later times the main reason for its adoption was the prestige acquired by the monasteries to which it was first applied, and that its association with great religious houses and with influential monastic orders gave it a special reputation, and was the principal cause of its frequent and wide-spread use.1 As manors came into existence, or villages sprang up, on the lands of religious houses, they frequently took their names from the monasteries to which they belonged, and many of them received in this way the name of Beaulieu ; and when surnames came into use, some of the persons holding land in these manors or living in these villages came to be described as ‘de’ Beaulieu, i.e. ‘of’ the manor or village so called. Hence, as there were many places at this time called Beaulieu, in widely separated localities, several families were called de Beaulieu who were in no way related to one another. There is no more connection between the de Beaulieus or Bewleys of Cumberland and the de Beaulieus or Bewleys of Lincolnshire, than there is between the Johnsons whose ancestor John lived in some village in Yorkshire in the thirteenth or fourteenth century, and the Johnsons whose patronymic is derived from some remote ancestor in Kent. For those who are not familiar with ancient records it may be well to give an illustration of the manner in which surnames arose. The parish of Billingham in the county of Durham, already referred to, or the greater portion of it, was part of the possessions of the prior and convent of Durham, and certain divisions of it were known as Billingham, Wolveston, and the manor of Beaulieu. Amongst the documents belonging to the convent still extant is

1 For further information on the subject, see “ Beaulieu as a place-name,” by the present writer, in Notes and Queries, 9th ser., vol. viii., p. 397. THE ORIGIN OF THE NAME BEWLEY 5

Feodarium Palatine Dunelmense, a rental of the freehold estates of the Prior and Convent of Durham, compiled in 1430, from an ancient feodary attributed to Prior Thomas de Melsonby (1233–1244), and from other muniments of the convent. It is now published, along with other documents relating to the property of the convent, in vol. 58 of the Surtees Society’s Publications. On examining it, it will be found that one of the tenants of the convent estate is called “John de Billingham,” another “John de Wolveston,” and another “John de Beaulieu,” while others have no more distinctive appellation than “John, the son of Peter,” or “Thomas, the son of Richard.” From this “John de Billingham” is descended the distinguished family of

Bellingham : from John de Beaulieu came the de Beaulieus of Durham—a family that, appears to have become extinct at the beginning of the fifteenth century : John de Wolveston was probably the progenitor of a family named Wollaston; while the other tenants above referred to may have been ancestors of Petersons and Richardsons. In “The Teutonic Name System,” by Robert Ferguson (London, 1864), at p. 379, under the head of names having the meaning of crown, bracelet, or ornament, are given the Anglo-Saxon ‘Beâg’, ‘Beâh,’ and ‘Bêh,’ and the English ‘Bew’ and ‘Buck,’ with, amongst others, the diminutives Bewly and

Buckley ; and in “The Irish and Anglo-Irish Landed Gentry when Cromwell came to Ireland,” by John O’Hart (Dublin, 1884), at p. 91, amongst the O’Toole family, figures Breasal Bealach, the second Christian King of Ireland, from whose name is said to be derived O’Bealaigh, Anglicised Bailey, Bailie, Bayly, and Bewley. These suggested derivations of Bewly or Bewley are fanciful, and wholly without foundation. It may be confidently asserted that no family of the name of Bewly or Bewley has ever existed in any part of the United Kingdom whose surname was not derived from Beaulieu. 6 THE ORIGIN OF THE NAME BEWLEY

The change in England of “de Beaulieu” to “Bewley” was effected very gradually. The conversion of the first syllable from ‘Beau’ into ‘Bew’ was not unnatural. The Latin ‘bene’ became ‘bien’ in French, and although ‘bellus’ ultimately settled down into ‘beau,’ the form ‘biau’ long continued in provincial speech, and is familiar to the readers of Moliere.1 In several documents of the fourteenth century relating to Hainault, Beaulieu is rendered as Biaulieu,2 Biauliu,3 or Bialiu,4 and the Feodarium Palatine Dunelmense above referred to, shows that about the same time the family deriving its name from Beaulieu in the parish of Billingham, in the county of Durham, was sometimes called “de Bieulieu.”5 In some cases the first syllable of Beaulieu retained its, proper sound, and the surname Bowley thus arose. The spelling of proper names in England was for many centuries simply phonetic, and hence the name of the Bewleys of Cumberland assumed from time to time very different forms, according to the notions of the writer. In a Subsidy Roll of 6 Ed. III. (1332), we find in one place Thomas de Beaulieu, and in another Rogerus de Beulew, though they were no doubt brothers ; but while one form gives the correct spelling of the family name, the other probably gives the current pronunciation. Six years afterwards, in a Subsidy Roll of 12 Ed. III., Roger’s name is spelled correctly, and Thomas has the slight variation of Beaulew. The prefix ‘de’ commenced in the case of these de Beaulieus to be dropped about 1359, but turned up at intervals down to

1 See, for example, the language of Jacqueline and Lucas in Le Médecin Malgré Lui. 2 Cartulaire des Comtes de Hainaut, par Léopold Devillers, tome i., p. 263: ibid., tome ii., p. 445. 3 Ibid., tome ii., p. 33 : Table Chronologique des Chartes et Diplômes concernant l’Histoire de la Belgique, par Alphonse Wauters, tome viii., p.310. 4 Monuments pour servir à l’histoire de Namur, de Hainaut, et de Luxembourg, par Léopold Devillers, tome iii., p. 348. 5 Surtees Society’s Publications, vol. 58, p. 28. THE ORIGIN OF THE NAME BEWLEY 7

1428. “Bewley” appears for the first time in a Parliamentary writ of 1459, but for more than a century and a half afterwards the spelling of the name remained still unsettled. For some time there seems to have been an effort to preserve the original sound of the second syllable of Beaulieu ; and such forms appear as Beulieu, Beawlewe, Bewelewe, Beuleywe, Beulewe, Bewlewe, Bewleugh, and Beaulyeu. The last appearance of Beaulieu that has been noticed is in a Commission in the Patent Rolls 27 Henry VIII. (I535). In the following list will be found forty different versions of the name of the Cumberland family, but it is quite possible that other forms may have existed. The eccentricities of spelling have very wide limits:—

1. de Beaulieu, Subsidy Roll, 6 Ed. III. 1332 2. de Beulew, do. do. do. 3. de Beaulew, do. 12 Ed. III. 1338 4. Beaulieu, Letters Patent, 33 Ed. III. 1359 5. Beauloue, do. 9 Ric II. 1385 6. de Beuleu, Parliamentary writ, do. 1385 7. de Bewlieu. Close Rolls, 6 Hen. IV. 1404 8. Bealieu, Jenyn’s Roll of Arms, 1 circa Ric.II. 9. Beulieu, Deed, 7 Hen. IV. 1406 10. de Beaulieux, Deed, 7 Hen. V. 1419 11. Beaulie, Patent Roll, 8 Hen. VI. 1429 12. Beawlewe, Parliamentary writ, 11 Hen. VI. 1433 13. Bewley, do. 38 Hen. VI. 1459 14. Bewelewe, Patent Roll, 7 Ed. IV. 1467 15. Bewle, do. 49 Hen. VI. 1471 16. Beweley, do. 13 Ed. IV. 1473 17. Beaule, do. 15 Ed. IV. 1475 18. Beauley, do. 1 Ed. V. 1483 19. Beuley, Feodary, 14 Hen. VII. 1498 20. Beuleywe, Patent Roll, 2 Hen. VIII. 1510

1 Cotton MS. Tiberius E. ix. : “The Antiquary” edited by E. Walford, vol.ii., p.241 8 THE ORIGIN OF THE NAME BEWLEY

21. Beulewe, Patent Roll, 3 Hen. VIII. 1511 22. Bewlewe, do. do. do. 23. Beulay, do. do. do. 24. Bewlay, do. do. do. 25. Bewly, Courts Roll, Manor of 12 Hen. VIII. 1520 Caldbeck 26. Beueley, Cott. MS., 12 Hen. VIII. 1521 27. Bewlye, Court Rolls, 13 Hen. VIII. 1521 28. Bewleugh Patent Roll, 14 Hen. VIII. 1522 29. Beawlye, do. 19 Hen. VIII. 1527 30. Bewnley, State Papers, 28 Hen. VIII. 1536 31. Beaulyeu Patent Roll, 29 Hen. VIII. 1538 32. Beualey Book of Knights’ Fees 34 Hen. VIII. 1542 33. Buyllye, Court Rolls, 3 Eliz. 1560 34. Bulye, do. do. do. 35. Bewlie, do. do. do. 36. Buly, do. do. do. 37. Bewlaie, do. 20 Eliz. 1578 38. Bewely Hearth Tax Roll 14 Car. II. 1662 39. Bowlie Muster Rolls, 1 23 Eliz. 1580 40. Bowlye, do. temp. Hen. VIII.

To the names above given may be added Bieuley and Biewley. See p. 156, post.

1 Calendar of Papers relating to Border Affairs, edited by Joseph Bain, vol. i., p. 60. CHAPTER II

THE ORIGIN OF THE BEWLEYS OF CUMBERLAND

O TRACE has been found of any Bewley or de Beaulieu Nin Cumberland prior to the reign of Edward III., and there are strong reasons for believing that the Bewleys or de Beaulieus of Cumberland were descended from the de Beaulieus of Hainault, and made their appearance for the first time in England shortly after Edward III. came to the throne. In ancient times there was a château1—and subsequently a village—called Beaulieu, near, Havré, in the province of Hainault. It was in the neighbourhood of Valenciennes, and in that part of Hainault now included in the Department du Nord in France. In 12122 the abbot and monks of St. Denis en Broqueroie authorized Badouin de Lobbes, who was seneschal of Valenciennes, to establish a chapelry at Havre in the place called Bellus Locus (Beaulieu), and provisions for its endowment were subsequently made.3 By a deed4 of 16th Jan., 1226, “datum apud Bellum Locum,” Badouin de Lobbes conferred the chapelry of Beaulieu 5 on Werric de Beaumont ; and a document executed by the Bishop of Cambrai on St. John the Baptist’s day (24th June), 1237, is expressed as “datum apud Bellum

1 Table Chronologique des Chartes et Diplomes concernant l’Histoire de la Belgique, par Alphonse Wauters, tome i., index tit. Beaulieu. 2 Ibid., tome iii., p. 374. 3 Ibid., tome iii., pp. 609 and 629. 4 Ibid., tome iv., p, 1. 5 Ibid., tome iv., p. 263. 10 THE ORIGIN OF THE BEWLEYS OF CUMBERLAND

Locum juxta Vallencenas.” In a cartulary1 of the rents and payments due to the Count of Hainault (1265–1286), there are several references to lands near Beaulieu in the occupation of tenants of the Count ; and in the “Monuments pour servir à l’histoire de Namur, de Hainaut, et de Luxembourg, par Leopold Devillers,” tome iii. (‘Cartulaires de Hainaut’), p. 348, is a document without date, but attributed to 1334, or thereabouts, entitled :— “Che sont li hommaige ke mesire de Behaygne avoit en le contet de Haynau, raportet par Baduin de la Motte,” in which the following passage occurs :— “Item, li suers Gossuin d’Estainkierke pour dix huit witelées de terre séans entre le bos de Roleu et le maison de Bialiu dalés Valenchiennes” : i.e. the ‘Sieurs’ therein named were tenants of a certain quantity of land lying between the wood of Roleu and the house or château of Beaulieu near Valenciennes. This château of Beaulieu would seem to have been the residence at one time. of Jean de Hainaut, Sire de Beaumont, better known in English history as John of Hainault ; for the document by which, after ceasing to assist England, he acknowledged himself a vassal of the King of France was dated from Beaulieu, and is in the following terms:2— “Faictes et données a Biaulieu emprès Valenchiennes le xxi jour de juillet, l’an de grace mil trois cent quarante et six. “Jean de Hainaut, sire de Beaumont, se reconnait vassal du roi de France à cause des biens a lui donnes par le dit roi en foi et hommage.” Beaulieu was comprised in the Seignory of Havré,

1 Cartulaire des rentes et cens dus an Comte de Hainant, 1265–1286. Edited by Leopold Devillers, published by the Société des Bibliophiles de Mons, tome ii., pp. 26, 28, 29. 2 Œuvres de Froissart, ed. du Baron de Letteahove, tome xviii., pp 274–278 : Cartulaire des Comtes de Hainaut, par M. Leopold Devillers, tome i., p. 263. THE ORIGIN OF THE BEWLEYS OF CUMBERLAND 11 which, besides the Castellany of Mons, included Havré, Ghislaye, Beaulieu, and seven other church. towns (villages à clocher). In 1518 the Seignory of Havré came into the possession of the de Croy family ; and in 1606 a poem was written, describing in quaint language, in all their details, not only the ancient château of Havré and its fine park, but also the seignorial properties that the Marquis d’Havre1 then possessed in Hainault. At line 915 we find :— ...... “Puis, suivant ma brizée Vins aux hameaux Bétléen et Beaulieu, Où je vis faicte en honneur de Dieu, Et de Saint Jacques encore une chapelle Que je trouvay pour le lieu assez belle.” From this chateau of Beaulieu, and the lands and villages attached to it, there naturally arose a family called “de Beaulieu,” and many references to members of the family are found in ancient documents relating to Hainault and the allied provinces of Flanders and Namur. A document,2 dated at Mons in Hainault on 15th Nov., 1362, makes mention of Jakemart or Jakes de Biauliu (Jacques de Beaulieu) as one of the feudal tenants (hommes de fief) of the Count of Hainault ; and another,3 in Latin, bearing date 20th Jan., 1384, refers to “Johanne de Bialliu (Jean de Beaulieu),” and other “hominibus feodalibus.” Jacques de Biaulieu was one of the “jurés de la pais” present on 31st Oct., 1389, at the taking of the oath to the 4 city of Valenciennes of Duke Albert of Bavaria ; and in a document5 of 10th Oct., 1428, reference is made to Jehan (Jean) de Beaulieu, “bourgeois de Valenciennes.”

1 Description de l’assiette maison et marquisat d’Havré, redigée en vers françoys 1606. Published by the Société des Bibliophiles de Mons. 2 Cartulaire des Comtes de Hainaut, tome ii., p. 33. 3 Ibid., tome ii., p. 336n. See also tome i., pp. 769 and 773. 4 Ibid., tome ii., p. 445. 5 Ibid., tome v., p. 20. 12 THE ORIGIN OF THE BEWLEYS OF CUMBERLAND

Tome i. of “ Monuments pour servir a l’histoire de Namur, Hainaut, et Luxembourg, par le Baron de Reiffenberg,” contains a copy of an ancient MS. work of Paul de Croonendael, Seigneur de Vlieringhe en Hainaut (who died in 1621), entitled:— “ Cronicque contenant l’estat ancien et moderne du pays et comté de Namur, la vie et gestes de seigneurs, contes, et marquis d’ icelluy.” And at p. 43, under the heading “ De la noblesse de ce pays,” occurs this passage :— “ Il y a noblesse compétente en ce pays, et sy en a des maisons très anciennes. Les noms des familles plus illustres sont les ensuivantz.” Then follows a list of names, including “Beaulieu.” The two documents next mentioned show that the de

Beaulieus occupied also an important position in Flanders :

(1307. 24th Nov.).“Compte rendu par sire Gerard de Rodes, sire Roger de Beaulieu, sire Walter Lamman de Molenbeke, Jean de Halewyn, et Guillaume de Sconevaut, receveurs de la châtellenie de Courtrai, etablis par le Comte de Flandre pour la perception de diverses taxes levées apres la conclusion de la paix. “Conte a Courtrai l’an m°ccc° et siept, le vendredi nuit Sainte Cateline.”1 and (1308. 4th Oct.). Gilles de Biauliu and others “receveurs dans la châtellenie de Courtrai des taxes levees pour l’amende due au roi de France et pour le voyage de Comte Robert de Flandre.” 2 Some interesting references to one of the de Beaulieus of Hainault are found in Froissart’s Chronicles. Jean Froissart was born at Valenciennes in Hainault in 1337, and commenced to write his Chronicles at the age of 20. In

1 De Limburg-Stirum. Codex diplomaticus Flandriæ tome ii., p. 54 ; Table Chronologique des Chartes et Diplomes concernant l’Histoire de la Belgique, tome viii., p. 273. 2 De Limburg-Stirum, tome ii., p. 125 ; Table Chronologique, &c., tome viii., p. 310. THE ORIGIN OF THE BEWLEYS OF CUMBERLAND 13

1361 he proceeded to present his work—which then came down to the year 1340—to Queen Philippa of England, and in 1363 he was appointed clerk of the Queen’s chapel. In the folio edition of the Chronicles by Denis Savvage de Fontenailles en Brie (Lyon, 1559), tome i., p. 461, this passage occurs :— “Là fut prins messire Guillaume de Bourdes, en bon convenant, d’un Escuyer de Haynaut, appele Guillaume de Beaulieu, appert Hõmes-d’armes, et qui grand temps avait geu Anglois, es forteresses de Calais.’ ......

Ceste déconfiture fut entre Montbourg & Cherbourg, le jour Sainct Martin-le-bouillant, L’an mil trois cens soigante & dixneuf.” The above is thus rendered in Johnes’ translation, vol. iv., p. 301, in chap. lxii., headed :” The French garrison of Montbourg is defeated by the English at Cherbourg” :— “ Sir William de Bourdes was made prisoner on good terms by a squire from Hainault, called William de Beaulieu, an able man-atarms, who for a considerable time had been attached to the English in the castle at Calais.” ......

“This defeat took place, between Montbourg and Cherbourg, the day of St. Martin le bouillant, 1379.” In the Folio edition of 1559, vol. ii., p. 50, we read:— “ ...... Et finalment advint, que par bien combattre la journee leur demoura, et furent tons morts on pris, les Chevaliers et Escuyers

François : et mesmement un Escuyer de Haynaut (qu’on appeloit Guillaume de Beaulieu) et Messire Guillaume de Bordes y furent pris.” This appears in Johnes’ translation, vol. v., p. 74 :—

“The French knights and squires were either taken or slain : in particular a squire from Hainault, called William de Beaulieu, and Sir William de Bordes were made prisoners.” 14 THE ORIGIN OF THE BEWLEYS OF CUMBERLAND

Whether these two passages refer to the same event, or whether the proceedings of William de Beaulieu, who at one time appears to take Sir William de Bourdes prisoner, and at another time is represented as being taken prisoner along with him by the English, are capable of being reconciled, is a matter of no importance. It is sufficient to learn that at this time William de Beaulieu was a squire of Hainault of some note. In the old black letter edition of “Les Annalles d’Acquitaine,” par Jean Bouchet (Paris, 1537), after a description of the battle of Poitiers, this passage occurs at ff.

83-4 :— “ Cecy sont les noms de ceulx qui ont este enterrez chez les freres mineurs de Poictiers au temps de la desconfiture qui fut faicte devant ladicte ville lan mil ccclvi le xix jour du mois de Septembre au jour de lundy.”

(The names then follow and include “Messire Richard de Beaulieu.”) ...... “ Et de to les princes chevaliers et seigneurs dessus nommez les armes furet painctes affin de perpetuelle memoire es sieges des dictz couvens.” This passage is referred to in Johnes’ translation of Froissart’s Chronicles, vol. ii, p. 346 in notis, and is thus rendered :— “ Extract taken from the Convent of the Frères Mineurs in the city of Poitiers of the names of those Knights who were slain in the battle of Poitiers, and other gentlemen that were buried in the convent : Knights. . . . Sir Richard de Beaulieu.” ...... “The arms of all the princes, knights, and lords above mentioned were blazoned on the stalls of the convent in order to keep them in perpetual remembrance.” The following references to the family of de Beaulieu of Hainault are taken from “Miroir des notabilités nobiliaires THE ORIGIN OF THE BEWLEYS OF CUMBERLAND 15 de Belgique, des Pays Bas, et du Nord de la France,” par Felix

Victor Goethals :— Tome ii., p. 98. In the account of the ancient family of De Lalaing a document is cited by which Sire Florent d’Esclaibes as well for himself as for other persons “à vendu bien et loyalement à Jacquemon de Beaulieu au nom et pour haut et noble Simon de Lalaing, seigneur de Hordain, à ce jour bailli de Hainaut, &c., 1376, 27 jour de decembre.” Tome i., p. 604. Wandru Malapert, daughter of Michel Malapert, married Vincent de Beaulieu. This Michel Malapert is described as “ecuyer, seigneur de Rieux, échevin de Mons, 1501, 1503 & 1507.” Tome i., p. 841. In the history of the family of de la Barre, who had property in Hainault acquired by purchase in 1534, it is mentioned that Simon de la Barre, echevin de Mons in 1545 and 1583, had by his second marriage a son Robert de la Barre who married Judith de Beaulieu.1 That the de Beaulieus of Hainault ranked in France as a noble family appears from the “Armorial Général de la France” (Paris, 1738). At p. 56 of tome i. there is an account of de Beaulieu de Barneville, a branch of the family that had settled in France. The names of the children of Toussaint- Augustin de Beaulieu de Barneville, who was then the representative of this family, are there given, and one of them is thus described :— “Claire de Beaulieu reçue a St. Cyr le 7 juillet 1736 sur les preuves de sa noblesse remontee par titres jusqu’à Henri de Beaulieu son trisayeul, écuyer, seigneur de Barneville l’an 1575, natif de la ville de Valenciennes en Hainaut, et naturalisé par lettres patentes en forme de charte données dans la ville de Pont de l’Arche an mois de juin 1571, registrés en la chambre des comptes à Paris le 13 juin 1572,”

From which it would appear that in order that a young lady might be presented at Court in the reign of Louis XV.

1 It may be mentioned that Judith is one of the female Christian names frequently used by the Bewleys of Cumberland. 16 THE ORIGIN OF THE BEWLEYS OF CUMBERLAND it was sometimes necessary to give proof of her rank by the production of the family title deeds. Turning back now to an earlier period some matters of history deserve special attention. In 1325 Isabella, the Queen of Edward II. persuaded the King to allow her to visit the Court of her brother Charles IV. King of France, and endeavour to arrange the differences that had arisen between France and England. A treaty of a most unsatisfactory, if not dishonourable nature, so far as English interests were concerned, was concluded by her, which the weak Edward found himself obliged to ratify. As one of the terms it was ultimately arranged that Gascony should be ceded to the King of England’s eldest son, and that the homage of the latter should be accepted by Charles in lieu of that of the king. In the month of September, in the same year, the youthful Edward, then Duke of Aquitaine, sailed to France, and performed homage to Charles IV. at Vincennes. Edward II. then recalled the Queen and his son, but after some evasive answers his authority was set at defiance by the Queen. Ultimately the Pope was induced to interfere, and was led to write to the King of France that unless he sent his sister Queen Isabella back to England and her husband, he should be excommunicated. In the summer of 1326, Isabella left Paris with the young prince, and made her way to Hainault. On arriving at Ostrevant she stopped at the château of a petit chevalier called the Sire d’Ambricourt or d’Amberticourt, who received her “moult joyeusement,” and treated her so well that the queen and her son subsequently carried off him and his wife and children with them to England and advanced them in divers manners. The arrival of Queen Isabella was soon known at the Court of William Count of Hainault at Valenciennes, and thereupon Messire Jean de Beaumont, the brother of the Count (afterwards known in England THE ORIGIN OF THE BEWLEYS OF CUMBERLAND 17 as John of Hainault), took horse and started immediately with a small body of gentlemen, and came the same evening to Ambricourt, where he paid the Queen of England all the honour and reverence in his power.1 The Queen shortly afterwards moved to Valenciennes where she was received by Count William and his four daughters with the greatest respect; and during her stay at his court she practically arranged for the betrothal of the heir to the throne of England with Philippa, the second daughter of the Count, and induced the Sire de Beaumont to raise a body of knights and others to accompany her and the prince to England. The result of the enterprise need not be here stated in detail. Landing near Harwich in September, 1326, the whole nation flocked to her standard, and the young Edward was appointed guardian of the kingdom on 26th October, 1326. On the 20th January, 1326-7, Edward II. was formally deposed, and on the 24th of the same month Edward III. was proclaimed king, and was crowned on the 1st February following. The young king was not remiss in testifying his obligations to the Sire de Beaumont. We find in the Patent Rolls under the date of 7th February, 1326-7, a grant2 by the king to John of Hainault of a yearly sum of 1000 marks out of the customs of the port of London, until he should be provided with land of that value. John of Hainault and the main body of his followers returned to the Low Countries, to be re-summoned, however, to England before many months had passed. Edward III. was but 14 years of age when he ascended the throne, and he was excluded from political duties by the appointment of a Council of Regency. He was not, however, considered too young to take part in the duties of

1 Annales de la Province et Comte de Hainault, par François Vinchant, tome iii., p. 132. 2 Calendar of Patent Rolls, Ed. III., 1327-1330, p. 10. 18 THE ORIGIN OF THE BEWLEYS OF CUMBERLAND war, and when shortly after his accession Robert Bruce headed a Scottish invasion of the northern parts of the kingdom, the young king started on what Froissart has termed “sa première chevauchée sur les Esçofois”—his first ride against the Scots. The aid of John of Hainault and his trusty men in this expedition was either called for or volunteered. In the Annales of François Vinchant, already referred to, we find in tome iii., p. 137, the following passage:— “Quand le sire de Beaumont ouit ce mandement, il envoya ses lettres et ses messagers partout, ou il pensait recouvrer des bons compagnons en Flandre, en Haynaut, en Brabant, et ailleurs, et leur prioit instamment que chacun se vousist suivre, au mieux monté et appareillé qu’il pourroit, devers Wisant, pour passer outre en Angleterre.” At page 139 Vinchant mentions amongst those who responded to this call the Sire de Havrecq (Havré), Chastellain de Mons ; and as Beaulieu was in the seignory of Havré, it is almost certain that the family of de Beaulieu, living close to, if not actually under the jurisdiction of, the Sire de Beaumont— which shortly afterwards produced the “escuyer appert homme d’armes” mentioned by Froissart —was not unrepresented in this levy. John of Hainault, his knights and men, got as far as York. His contingent is said to have consisted of 40 lords and knights, and others to the number of 500 men-of-arms.1 A fierce quarrel then broke out at York between the Hainaulters and the English archers, which was with difficulty put down.2 Of the campaign against the Scots, and the subsequent disbanding of the army at York, nothing need be said here. On 24th January, 1328, the marriage of Edward III. and Philippa of Hainault took place at York, the king being then

1 History of Edward III., by Joshua Barnes (Cambridge, 1688), p. 6. 2 Calendar of Patent Rolls, Ed. III., 1327-1330, p. 152. THE ORIGIN OF THE BEWLEYS OF CUMBERLAND 19 between 15 and 16 years of age, and the bride but 14. On the marriage the king undertook to provide the queen with lands or rents of the yearly value of £3000, but owing to various circumstances this could not be carried out for some years. We find, however, from entries in the Patent Rolls, that both before and after the marriage the members of the household and compatriots of Queen Philippa were not forgotten in the distribution of lands and emoluments by the king. On 17th May, 1328, there was a confirmation of a promise by the king to provide lands in fee-simple in England or Ponthieu, of the yearly value of 100 livres Tournois, for John de Bierniers, Provost of the Court of Hainault and

Holland in Valenciennes ; and on the same day there was a like confirmation of a promise by the king to provide lands of the value of 100 livres for William Dounort, Chamberlain of the Court of Hainault. Gerard de Potes, knight, was similarly dealt with at the same time.1 In 1329 provision was made for John de Dene, King’s 2 Yeoman, Usher of the Chamber of Queen Philippa ; and on 23rd Oct. in the same year, the king, at the request of Queen Philippa, granted to Walter de Wyght, her yeoman of the cup- house (de coppe housa), the office of warrener of Thorle and Welegh, Isle of Wight, during good behaviour.3 A short time before 31st July, 1330, a provision was made for Emma Priour, a damsel of the chamber of Queen Philippa,4 and on 27th March, 1329, John de Odiham, a yeoman of her chamber, was also substantially rewarded.5 In the Patent Rolls and Close Rolls of subsequent years are found a large number of grants of rents, or of the custody of the lands of a minor during minority, or of other benefits to the damsels of Queen Philippa’s chamber, and

1 Calendar of Patent Rolls, Ed. III., 1327-1330, p. 270. 2 Ibid., p. 413. 3 Ibid., p. 453. 4 Ibid., p. 544. 5 Calendar of Close Rolls, Ed. III., 1327-1330, p. 534. C2 20 THE ORIGIN OF THE BEWLEYS OF CUMBERLAND to various members of her household or retinue, such as the purveyor of her avenary, her serjeant, her bachelor, &c. So far, all that has been actually proved in the preceding portion of this chapter, is—(1) that there was a place named

Beaulieu near to Queen Philippa’s early home ; (2) that there was a family of distinction named de Beaulieu having its origin in this place ; and (3) that some members at least of the family were feudal tenants of the Count of Hainault. But it has also been shown that there is a strong probability that some of the de Beaulieus took part in one or both of John of Hainault’s expeditions ; and further, that if any of the de Beaulieus of Hainault rendered special service to Edward III. or Queen Philippa, he would be likely to receive a special reward. It will now be established—(1) that a de Beaulieu was a member of Queen Philippa’s retinue ; (2) that he received an important reward for his services ; (3) that about the same time the de Beaulieus made their appearance for the first time in Cumberland ; (4) that, in the same reign, marks of royal favour of a valuable nature are conferred on one of these de Beaulieus of Cumberland ; and (5) that there are circumstances tending to show that the influence of Queen Philippa was not unconnected with those benefits. On 1st Jan., 1331, a grant was made to Queen Philippa as dower, with the assent of Parliament, and in fulfilment of the king’s promise at the time of his marriage to provide her with lands and rents to the yearly value of £3000, of certain manors and lands, including the castle, town, and manor of Knaresborough, in the county of York, with the forest and members thereof.1 In 1338 (12 Ed. III), when Queen Philippa was about to cross the seas, the customary letters of protection were issued to those accompanying her, and amongst these were

1 Calendar of Patent Rolls, Ed. III., 1330-1334, P. 55. THE ORIGIN OF THE BEWLEYS OF CUMBERLAND 21 letters dated the 22nd June in that year for Gilbert de Beaulu (Beaulieu).1 This Gilbert de Beaulieu was evidently one of the retinue Queen Philippa had brought over with her from Hainault in

December, 1328 ; and in consideration of the good service he had rendered her she granted to him the bailiwick of the forestership of Okedene in the forest of Knaresborough, to hold for the term of his life, receiving thereout so much as those who had previously had the said bailiwick were accustomed reasonably to receive. These letters patent of the Queen were confirmed by Edward III. by letters patent2 dated 14th April, 13 Ed. III. (1339), which fully recite the previous grant, and were necessary to prevent the interest of Gilbert de Beaulieu terminating with the life of the Queen, in case she predeceased him. The grant is expressed to be made “pro bono servicio quod dilectus vallettus suus Gilbertus de Beauleu eidem regine fecit,” and it will be seen from Du Cange’s Glossary that a ‘valettus’ at this time had very much the same social standing as an esquire. He was in fact a gentleman by birth, who had not attained the military rank of knight or esquire. “Dilectus vallettus suus” is rendered in English in the published Calendar of the Patent Rolls as “her trusty yeoman.” As will appear in a subsequent chapter the first notice we have of any de Beaulieu in Cumberland is of Roger de Beaulieu (de Bello Loco) in 1331 (5 Ed. III.), and Thomas de Beaulieu of Thistlethwaite and Roger de Beaulieu of Blencarn in 1332, (6 Ed. III.). After the marriage of Queen Philippa, Robert de Eglesfeld was appointed her confessor.3 He was a member of an ancient

1 Rymer’s Fœdera (Record ed.), vol. ii., part ii., p. 1044. 2 Patent Roll, 13 Ed. III., pt. 1, m. 22 : Calendar of Patent Rolls, Ed. Ill.. 1338-1340, p. 240. 3 He was presented to the Church of Burgh-under-Steynesmor (now Brough- under-Stainmore), in Westmoreland, on 25th Feb., 6 Ed. III. (1332). (Cal. Pat. Rolls, Ed. III., 1330-1334, p. 251.) 22 THE ORIGIN OF THE BEWLEYS OF CUMBERLAND family of that name who were lords of the manor of Eglesfeld in the parish of Brigham in Cumberland, and he is principally known as the founder of Queen’s College, Oxford, which derives its name from Queen Philippa. John de Eglesfeld, who was possessed of extensive estates in various parts of Cumberland, died about 1354, and thereupon the customary inquisition1 post mortem was held by the Escheator of the County to ascertain what lands were held by John de Eglesfeld of the king, and who was his heir. It was found that he was seised inter alia of a certain share of the manor of Glassonby in the said county, and other hereditaments, and that his heir was his daughter Joan, who was under age. As the king was therefore entitled to the wardship of the heir and the custody of her lands,2 he, by letters patent3 dated 29 Ed. III. (1355), granted the custody of the lands and wardship of the heir to Richard de Beaulieu and Margaret his wife during the minority of the heir. Richard de Beaulieu appears to have been a son of Thomas de Beaulieu of Thistlethwaite already mentioned, but why the unusual step was taken of associating his wife with him in the grant of the wardship cannot now be ascertained. One may conjecture, however, that she, as well as Richard de Beaulieu, stood well in the favour of Queen Philippa, and that this opportunity of benefiting them became known to the queen through her confessor, Robert de Eglesfeld. By subsequent letters patent,4 dated 20th July, 32 Ed. III. (1358), the king committed to Richard de Beaulieu the custody of all the lands, tenements, and rents, with the appurtenances in Castlekairok, Gamelsby, Grenhowe, Lang-

1 See post, p. 26. 2 See post, p. 25. 3 Rot. Orig. in Curia Scacc. abbreviatio, vol. ii., p. 237. 4 Ibid., vol. ii., p. 248. THE ORIGIN OF THE BEWLEYS OF CUMBERLAND 23

holm, Cryngeldyk, Hedresford, Burgh, and Crokedayk in the county of Cumberland which had belonged to John Eglesfeld, deceased, to hold during the king’s pleasure. This grant, purporting to dispose of lands of considerable extent and value in various parts of Cumberland, turned out, however, to be inoperative, as an inquisition1 taken in March, 1359, found that John de Eglesfeld had disposed of these lands by deed on the day before his death, and further that none of these lands were held by John de Eglesfeld of the king. As partial compensation, no doubt, for the disappointment arising from the failure of the last mentioned grant, the king, by letters patent2 dated 33 Ed. III. (1359), committed to Richard de Beaulieu the custody of certain hereditaments in Lykberg in the county of Westmorland which had belonged to Swein de Derlay, deceased, to hold during the minority of the heir. The matters before stated raise a strong presumption that the Richard de Beaulieu who received these important grants from Edward III. was of the same family as Gilbert de Beaulieu, the trusty gentleman or yeoman of Queen Philippa,

who was rewarded with the forestership of Okedene ; and that the latter was a native of Hainault can hardly be doubted. Researches in the archives at Mons in Belgium and at Valenciennes in France might, perhaps, throw more light on the subject, but at present, as stated at the commencement of this chapter, there seem to be good grounds for attributing a Hainault origin to the de Beaulieus of Cumberland.3

1 An imperfect abstract of the inquisition is contained in Calendar Inq. P.M., vol.ii., p. 210. 2 Rot. Orig. in Curia Scacc. abbreviatio, vol. ii., p. 254. 3 See Appendix A., post. CHAPTER III

THE TENURES AND LOCALITIES OF THE LANDS HELD BY THE BEWLEYS OF CUMBERLAND

NDER the Feudal system in England all lands were Uconsidered as held from the sovereign. The owner of lands was either the direct tenant of the king—in which case he was called a tenant in chief (in capite)—or between him and the king there were one or more intermediate lords. For the land certain services had to be rendered by the owner to the king or lord. Where the tenure was in chivalry, otherwise called knight-service, the tenant had to do homage to the king or lord, take an oath of fealty, and according to the value of his lands supply one or more knights or fully armed horsemen for the king’s service. The minimum of land constituting a knight’s fee came to be fixed as that which was worth £20 annual value, and for each knight’s fee the tenant had to supply a fully equipped horseman to serve at his own expense for 40 days in the year. As in the case of foreign wars this service became difficult, and often oppressive ; a practice arose of making a composition in money for actual military service, and this received the name of scutage. Where the tenant held by certain service other than military service, as for example by fealty and payment of a fixed rent, it was called tenure in socage. Lands held by religious corporations were free from temporal services or dues, and were said to be held in free alms (frankalmoign). LANds HELD BY THE BEWLEYS OF CUMBERLAND 25

In addition to the duty of military service, various incidental rights and duties were attached to the relation of lord and tenant, in the case of tenure by knight-service. When the heir of a deceased tenant came to be admitted tenant and do homage to his lord, he was compelled to pay a relief, and a similar payment appears to have been exacted when homage was rendered on the succession of the heir of the lord. The tenant was also bound to pay an aid to meet the expense of making the eldest son of his lord a knight, and also for marrying once his lord’s eldest daughter. The rights of greatest importance to the lord, and most burdensome to the tenant, were those of wardship and marriage. Where the heir of a deceased tenant was under age, the lord had the right of assuming the guardianship of the person of the minor and the custody of his lands, restoring the lands to him on his coming of age, without accounting for the profits. Further, the heir, when he came of age, was obliged to purchase the delivery of the lands (called livery or ousterlemain) by payment of a fine of half-a-year’s profits of the land. The lord might also call upon the infant heir to accept a suitable wife named by him, and if the infant refused to comply with the request, he was bound on coming of age to pay to the lord as much as any person would have given him for the marriage. This was sometimes a large sum, as the proposed marriage might have been not only of financial but political importance. Similar rights were exercisable by the lord where the infant heir was a female. The law as to reliefs, aids, wardship, and marriage was the same in the case of the king as in that of a mesne lord, but the king in addition claimed the right of exacting a fine from a tenant on any alienation of lands by him, and also a special relief called primer seisin when an heir, who was not a minor, got possession of his lands. 26 TENURES AND LOCALITIES OF THE LANDS

The following picture of the condition of a tenant in capite 1 by knight-service is given by Blackstone : “The heir, on the death of his ancestor, if of full age, was plundered of the first emoluments arising from his inheritance, by way of relief and primer seisin ; and if under age, of the whole of his estate during infancy. And then, as Sir Thomas Smith very feelingly complains,2 ‘when he came to his own, after he was out of wardship, his woods decayed, houses fallen down, stock wasted and gone, lands let forth and ploughed to be barren,’ to reduce him still farther, he was yet to pay half-a-year’s profits as a fine for suing out livery ; and also the price or value of his marriage. Add to this the untimely and expensive honour of knighthood, to make his poverty more completely splendid ; and when by these deductions his fortune was so shattered and ruined, that perhaps he was obliged to sell his patrimony, he had not even that poor privilege allowed him without paying an exorbitant fine for a licence of alienation.” It may here be mentioned that military tenures and all these oppressive incidents were abolished by an Act of the Long Parliament in 1656, and, after the Restoration, by the 12 Charles II. c. 24, in England, and the 14 and 15 Charles IL, c. 19 (Ir.), in Ireland. Another valuable right of the lord was that of escheat, or the right of obtaining the lands of a tenant on the failure of his heirs. On the death of a tenant-in-chief a writ was issued from the Chancery to the Escheator of the county or district, who was so called from having to look after the escheats or fines due to the king. It directed him to summon a jury, who were to inquire on oath what lands the tenant died seized of, and by what rents or services the same were held, and what was their annual value ; also who was the next heir, and of what age. This inquiry was called an Inquisition post mortem, and the result of it was engrossed on parchment, sealed by

1 Vol. ii., p. 76. 2 The Commonwealth of England, book iii., c. 5, written in the reign of Elizabeth. HELD BY THE BEWLEYS OF CUMBERLAND 27 the escheator and some of the jury, and returned along with the writ to the Chancery. Where the office of Escheator was vacant, or other special circumstances existed, the inquiry was held by Commissioners named in the writ. As these inquisitions were held mainly for the purpose of ascertaining whether a right of wardship existed, they ceased, after the passing of the Statutes above referred to abolishing military tenures. Where lands were held by tenure in socage, the tenant was free from the oppressive incidents of feudal wardship and marriage, but was subject to the payment of aids and reliefs. The larger landowners under the feudal system held considerable tracts of land, to which the name of manor was given, accompanied by important rights of jurisdiction exercisable by the manor courts. The holders of lands within the manor usually included tenants holding by knight-service and in socage, who were called free or freehold tenants : and also tenants holding by tenures of an inferior or less permanent nature. The demesne lands were those retained by the lord in his own hands, portions of which were let to farmers, and portions cultivated by persons rendering agricultural services. The relation between the lord and a certain class of these non-free tenants gradually developed into a tenure recognised by the law as copyhold or customary tenure. The matters relating to the transmission of the interest in such tenancies were disposed of in the Manorial Courts. The heir of a deceased tenant would appear at the Court and request admittance to the land on payment of the customary dues; and a tenant who had sold his holding would appear and surrender his land to the lord of the manor or his steward, and the purchaser would request admittance. These and similar transactions would be recorded on the rolls of the Court, and the authorised copy of the entry on the rolls when delivered to the tenant constituted his muniment of title, and he held his lands not by lease or 28 TENURES AND LOCALITIES OF THE LANDS other deed but by copy of court roll. Lands held under the peculiar tenure found in Cumberland and elsewhere in the North of England, sometimes called the Northern Tenant Right, were denominated customary freeholds, and whether they were strictly freeholds or not, the estate of the tenant was descendible as a freehold at common law, save only that where a customary tenant died, having no heir male of his body, his customary lands descended to the eldest of his daughters. Different rules, however, as to the descent in such cases sometimes prevailed in different manors. On the death of a tenant, or on the sale or transmission of his interest in his lifetime ; a fine, called in Cumberland a gressome, was payable to the lord, and on the death of the lord a fine, called a general fine, became payable by all the customary tenants of the manor. These fines were originally arbitrary in amount, but in the manor of Caldbeck— with which the history of the Bewley family is chiefly concerned—the fines in the case of ordinary agricultural lands were commuted into fixed fines by a deed dated 2nd Sept., 1613, made between the Right Honourable Philip, Lord Wharton, the lord of the manor, and the Hon. Sir Thomas Wharton, knight, his son and heir apparent, of the one part, and the several customary tenants of the manor of the other part. Under the provisions of this deed the fine thenceforth payable on the change of a tenant by death or alienation or on the death of the lord was ten times the amount of a year’s rent, and was frequently called “a tenpenny fine,” ten pence being paid for every penny in the annual rent. To obtain this privilege the tenants had, on the execution of the deed, to pay the then large sum of £820. The rents of these customary freeholds were very small in amount. Prior to the union of the kingdoms of England and Scotland in the person of James I., the tenants of the northern manors were subject to military service on expeditions against the Scots, and also to the irksome duty of keeping the watches HELD BY THE BEWLEYS OF CUMBERLAND 29 on the Borders by day and night. Cumberland was part of the West Marches, and the management of the watches in it was under the control and direction of the Lord Warden of the West Marches. In the Cotton MSS., in the British Museum, “Transacta inter Angliam et Scotiam tempore Hen. VIII”1 is a document, undated, containing lists of the gentlemen of Cumberland and Westmorland. At page 2 commence “the naymes of all the gentelmen within the schyer of Cumberland,” and amongst them are : “Richard Bewley, gent.,” and “ (seke) “—i.e., sick—” Thomas Bewley, gent.”2 As shown in an article by Sir George Duckett, Bart., in the Transactions of the Cumberland and Westmorland

Antiquarian and Archeological Society, vol. 3, p. 206, these were lists, prepared sometime in the reign of Henry VIII., of the persons engaged in or available for special service on the Borders. The Richard Bewley referred to was Richard Bewley of Hesket who lived in the reign of Henry VIII., and Thomas Bewley was his eldest son. In 1552 (6 Ed. VI.) the Duke of Northumberland was Warden of the Marches, and Thomas, Lord Wharton was Lord Deputy Warden General of the West Marches. In the month of September in that year, the order of the watches on the West Marches was drawn up at Carlisle by Lord Wharton, and copies of it will be found in Nicolson and Burn’s “History of Westmorland and Cumberland,” vol. i., and in “Leges Marchiarum,” or Border Laws, by William Nicolson, Lord Bishop of Carlisle. Amongst the persons nominated to act as overseers of the watchers, we find “From Dalston to Caldbeke,

1 Caligula, b. iii., f. 193 ; now printed in State Papers, Hen. VIII., vol. 14, pt. 1, p. 319, 320. 2 In the printed version in the State Papers, Hen. VIII. (ubi supra), “Thomas Bewley” is erroneously rendered as “Thomas Beverley.” The original MS. has been carefully examined, and that the name is Bewley and not Beverley is quite clear. 30 TENURES AND LOCALITIES OF THE LANDS

Richard Bewley overseer.”1 On the 27th October in the same year a letter in the following form2 was sent to each of the overseers “to see and cause the watch along the West Borders to be set, searched and kept in due order” :— “After my hearty commendation, I doubt not but you see the watches surely set and kept from unto in such form as the same heretofore hath been accustomed, and by open proclamation commanded ; nevertheless, for the better execution, and that none offenders therein shall have none excuse for lake of warning, I shall require you on the King’s Majesties behalf, to give such notice and knowledge to all the townshipps through the said watches, as they may be most surely kept at their perils, least by privy search the fault be found, which will run to the extreme punishment of the offenders according to the King’s Highness’ laws. Fail you not thereof, as ye tender his Majesties pleasure, and the commonwealth of his Grace’s subjects. And heartily fare you well. At the Castle of Carlisle.” In the letter dealing with the watches between Dalston and Caldbeck, Thomas Bewley and not Richard, was treated as overseer.3 Richard Bewley must have been dead, or incapacitated by age from acting, and his son Thomas, whose name already appeared on the list of those suitable for special border service, was substituted for him. In many other cases substitutions of a like nature took place, and an examination of the names of the overseers in the order of the watches and the letters above referred to, and those in the lists of the gentlemen of Cumberland and Westmorland, leads to the conclusion that the names in the order of the watches were taken either from these lists or from some later edition of them ; but that afterwards, and before the letters to carry out the order were issued, it was found that several of the persons nominated were dead or unable to act.

1 Nicolson and Burn, vol. i., p, lxxxviii : Leges Marchiarum, p. 227. 2 Leges Marchiarum, p. 228. 3 Ibid., p. 233. HELD BY THE BEWLEYS OF CUMBERLAND 31

Court Rolls of the reigns of Ed. IV., Hen. VII., and Hen. VIII. frequently contain much interesting and useful information over and above the admissions of customary tenants. The presentments of the juries sworn on behalf of the Lord of the Manor at the courts held during this period deal largely with infringements of rights affecting the commons belonging to the manor, as, for example, with putting on beasts, either without any right or in excess of the tenant’s stint or proper number. In the latter case the tenant would be described in the presentment as having one or more foreign (forensis) sheep, cattle, horses, &c. Taking peat or other fuel from the common, and cutting down trees, were frequently the subject of presentments, and in all such cases fines were imposed, and the amount imposed was entered on the roll above the tenant’s name. Rights other than those connected with the common land of the manor were also dealt with, and tenants who were bound to grind their corn at the lord’s mill were fined if they took their grist to a foreign mill. These ancient Court Rolls are in Latin, highly contracted, and portions of them are often so faded and rubbed as to be very difficult, and in parts almost impossible, to read. However, those relating to the Manor of Caldbeck have afforded much valuable information. In the case of freehold interests, the estate of the owner was originally conveyed by a feoffment with livery of seisin, i.e. by a grant accompanied by the formal handing over of the feudal possession. So far back, however, as the reign of Henry IL, a practice prevailed of conveying lands by means of a fictitious or collusive suit, commenced by the purchaser or other person to whom the interest was to be transferred putting forward a claim to the lands in question against the owner, and then compromised, with permission of the Court, by the defendant abandoning his defence. The transaction was then enrolled as of record, and a document, called in later times the foot 32 TENURES AND LOCALITIES OF THE LANDS of the fine, was drawn up. A fine (finalis concordia) was so called from the words with which the final agreement began, and from its putting an end (finis) to the suit. It operated as an assurance of the lands, binding all persons, whether parties or not, who did not put in their claims within a given time ; and the information afforded by the feet of fines in the Public Record Office, London, which cover a period of over six centuries, is often of great value to the genealogist. The instruments by which the Sovereigns of England made grants and expressed their intentions to their people were of three kinds, called respectively Charters, Letters Patent, and Letters Close. With the first of these classes we are not here concerned. By their Letters Patent (Litteræ Patentes), or open letters, their more public directions were promulgated, and by their Letters Close (Litteræ Clausæ), or closed or folded-up letters, they intimated their private instructions to individuals. Copies of these several classes of documents were enrolled in Chancery, that is, were engrossed on long rolls of parchment, consisting of a large number of membranes or skins of parchment fastened together. Both back and front of the parchment were utilised, and when reference is made to a document in one of the Patent Rolls or Close Rolls, it is customary to give the year of the reign, the number or part of the roll, the number of the membrane, and a statement as to whether the document is on the front (facie or f.) or the back (dorso or d.) of the roll. Calendars, i.e. Chronological Abstracts, of some of the early Patent and Close Rolls have been published, and many extracts from the Rolls are contained in the series of published State Papers.1 In the reign of Edward Ill., when the history of the

1 As to the importance of these Calendars, see “Family History from the Public Records,” by J. Horace Round, in The Ancestor, No. 1, p.243. HELD BY THE BEWLEYS OF CUMBERLAND 33

Bewleys or de Beaulieus of Cumberland begins, the owners of property—as may be well believed—were not exempt from taxation. The principal business of Parliament in these early times was the granting of subsidies, to be paid by the laity of the kingdom. Occasionally subsidies were granted prospectively for two or three successive years, and in ordinary cases the amount was at this time one-tenth of the goods of persons living in boroughs and towns, and one-fifteenth of the goods of those living elsewhere.1 Persons were appointed to assess and collect the proper proportion of the subsidy in the several counties, boroughs, and towns, and a large number of the original parchment rolls containing the names of the persons assessed, the value of their goods, and the amounts levied are still extant. In a Parliament held at Westminster, 9th-12th Sept., 1332, a subsidy was granted of one-tenth of the goods of the laity living in boroughs and towns, and one-fifteenth of the goods of those not living in boroughs or towns.2 Robert de Barton and Clement de Skelton were the collectors of the subsidy in Cumberland,3 and in the long strips or membranes of parchment, stitched together at one end, that give the results of the assessment and collection, the following entries appear :—

“Warda de Lith Thistelthuait Thom de Beaulieu h in boñ cxijs iiijd uñ vij8 vjd ...... Blencarn et Kirkeland Rog’us de Beulew h in boñ vijli xs und xs ...... Ulnesby Roger de Beulew h in boñ xviijs uñ xvd”

1 Rot. Parl., vol. ii., p. 447 2 Rymer’s Fœdera (Record ed.), vol. ii., part 2, p. 845 : Rot. Parl., vol. ii., p. 60 : Stubbs’ Const. History, vol. ii., p. 376. 3 Lay Subsidy Rolls (Exch. Q. R.), No. 90/2 34 TENURES AND LOCALITIES OF THE LANDS

This may be translated thus: “Leath Ward Thistelthuait (Thistlethwaite) Thomas de Beaulieu has in goods 112s. 4d. whence (the amount payable is ; 7s. 6d...... Blencarn and Kirkeland Roger de Beulew (Beaulieu) has in goods £7 10s. whence 10s...... Ulnesby Roger de Beulew (Beaulieu) has in goods 18s. whence 15d.” These extracts will enable the reader not only to understand the general nature of subsidy rolls, when they are afterwards referred to, but to form some idea of the immense value they sometimes are in genealogical inquiries. Unfortunately those referring to Cumberland are few in number, and in many cases do not contain any lists of names.

Cumberland was formerly divided into five wards, viz. : Cumberland, Allerdale-below-Derwent, Allerdale-above- Derwent, Leath, and Eskdale, divisions resembling in many respects the hundreds in other English counties. The localities in Cumberland with which the name of Bewley, or rather de Beaulieu, is first found associated are Thistlethwaite, Blencarn, and Ulnesby. A Cumberland subsidy roll of 6 Ed. III. (1332), as already mentioned, contains the name of Thomas de Beaulieu under the heading of Thistlethwaite (Thistelthuait), and of Roger de Beaulieu under Blencarn and Kirkeland, and also under Ulnesby. These places were all in Leath ward, and can be easily identified. In ancient times the Royal Forest of Inglewood occupied many thousands of acres in the east of Cumberland. Portions of the forest were from time to time cleared and converted into pasture or arable land by licence from the king, and other portions were encroached on by some of the neighbouring LANDS HELD BY THE BEWLEYS OF CUMBERLAND 35 proprietors. These last mentioned clearings were known in the law as purprestures, and amongst them were the lands called Thistlethwaite and Kirkthwaite, which appear to have belonged to the Dacre family so far back as the reign of Edward I.1 Thwaite is the old Danish or Norse thveit or thvet, signifying ‘an open or isolated piece of ground.’ It is common in the southern parts of Norway,2 and the termination is found in many names of places and families in the north of England. Thistlethwaite was situate on the eastern boundary of the parish of Castle Sowerby, not far from Highhead Castle, and is now called Thistlewood on the Ordnance Survey maps. Kirkthwaite adjoined it on the east and south-east and was within what is now the parish of Hesket-in-the-Forest. A stream called Curthwaite Beck, marked on the Ordnance Map,3 preserves some trace of the ancient name.4 Blencarn is still the name of a village in Cumberland, situate in the parish of Kirkland, which lies at the extreme east of the county, next to the borders of Westmorland. Ulnesby, which has now become Ousby, is a parish, also at the east side of the county, bounded on the south and east by Kirkland. The lands of Thistlethwaite were no doubt acquired by Thomas de Beaulieu from one of the Dacre family, for we find that about half a century afterwards his grandson Richard de Beaulieu obtained a further portion of the same lands from Sir Hugh de Dacre.5 The same Richard de Beaulieu, who had succeeded to the

1 Calendar Inq. post mortem, vol. i., p. 89. 2 The Dialect of Cumberland, by R. Ferguson, p. 203. 3 Ordnance Survey of Cumberland (6” scale), No. 38. 4 The original name of these lands would seem to have been Kyrethwaite —cattle-clearing—from the Norse Kyr, kine. See Transactions of the C. and W. Archæological Society, vol. iii., p. 341, and Sedbergh, Garsdale, and Dent, by W. Thompson, p. 270. 5 Calendar of Patent Rolls, Ric. II., 1385-1389, p. 73. D2 36 TENURES AND LOCALITIES OF THE LANDS lands of Thistlethwaite held by his grandfather Thomas, obtained a grant in fee from Ranulph de Dacre of a part of the neighbouring lands of Kirkthwaite, which was still partly uncleared. Some years afterwards he applied to the Crown for liberty to assart these lands, that is to clear them of underwood and reduce them to cultivation. The proceedings on the inquisition then held, and the grant of a licence to assart, are referred to subsequently.1 These lands of Thistlethwaite appear to have continued in the possession of the descendants of Thomas de Beaulieu until the death of William de Beaulieu in 1434, or a short time before it. He was described as of Thistlethwaite in an action brought in 1423 (2 Henry VI.),2 but by the inquisition post mortem taken on his death it was found that on the day of his death he held no lands or tenements of the king or any other person. He seems to have had at one time lands at Langrigg in the parish of Bromfield, and at Petrelwray3 in the parish of Hesket-in-the-Forest ; but he probably disposed of all his lands in favour of his daughters shortly before his death. Richard de Beaulieu, the grandson of Thomas de Beaulieu of Thistlethwaite, obtained about 1371 a grant in fee from William Briswood of a messuage and 15 acres of land in Raughton in the parish of Dalston. At a later period these lands seem to have been transferred to one of the junior members of the Bewley family, and a branch of the family has continued at Raughton and in its neighbourhood down to the present day. The descendants of Roger de Beaulieu of Blencarn and Ulnesby remained in that locality until the middle of the 18th century, if not later, and the Bewleys found in the neighbouring parish of Langwathby belong no doubt to this branch.

1 See p. 51. 2 De Banco Rolls, Hen. VI., Easter Term, m. 176 d. 3 Ibid., I Hen. V., Trinity Term, m. 170 HELD BY THE BEWLEYS OF CUMBERLAND 37

The Bewleys now at Penrith, or some of them, are of the Langwathby stock. It is not, however, within the scope of the present work to attempt to trace the pedigrees or early history of the Bewleys of Raughton, Dalston, or Langwathby. Their connection with the main line of the Bewleys of Cumberland has not been deduced at present from any public records or other sources. A careful examination of the early Court Rolls of the several manors in these localities might give valuable information as to the early history of these Bewleys. The parish of Caldbeck, with which the main line of the Bewley family was long connected, is situate in the centre of Cumberland, north of Skiddaw. It is a very large parish, containing over 24,000 acres, nearly half of which are commons or mountain land. When the Bewleys first acquired lands there has not been ascertained, but it was almost certainly before the reign of Henry VII. The Manor of Caldbeck, which comprises the greater portion of the parish, is divided into two divisions : Caldbeck Uppertown or Upton, being the part which lies near the Church, and Caldbeck-under-Fell, the part near to the mountains. The whole manor formed part of the possessions of the barony of Allerdale-below-Derwent, and passed eventually to Maud, daughter and heiress of Thomas Lord Lucy. She intermarried with Henry Percy, the first Earl of Northumberland, in the reign of Richard II., and conveyed the estates to her husband, in whose family they remained until Henry, the sixth Earl of Northumberland, by an indenture dated 18th Oct., 22 Henry VIII. (1530), granted Caldbeck- under-Fell with other manors to Thomas Wharton (then Comptroller of the Earl’s household), and his heirs male, rendering for Caldbeck-under-Fell the yearly rent of £20.

Other manors ; including Caldbeck Upton, were granted by the Earl to Henry VIII., as from the death of the Earl, but an Act of Parliament of 27 Henry VIII. (Rot. Parl., pt. I, no. 20) had 38 TENURES AND LOCALITIES OF THE LANDS the effect of confirming the grant to Thomas Wharton. After the death of the Earl, Caldbeck Upton was sold by Henry VIII. to John Dalston, Esq., but shortly afterwards was purchased from him by Thomas Wharton, then Lord Wharton, and the entire manor of Caldbeck thenceforth continued to be held by the Wharton family until Philip, Duke of Wharton, tempore Queen Anne, was obliged to alienate this and his other estates to trustees for payment of his debts. Being sold by the trustees to Charles, Duke of Somerset, it became again united to the barony of Allerdale, and is now in the possession of Lord Leconfield. In the year 1728 other extensive estates of the Duke of Wharton, situate in Westmorland and elsewhere, were sold by the trustees to an ancestor of the present Earl of Lonsdale ; and as the Court Rolls and other records of the manor of Caldbeck, while it was in the hands of the Wharton family, were contained in the same books as those relating to the last mentioned estates, these books are now in the possession of Lord Lonsdale at Lowther Castle. The Court Rolls of the manor for the reigns of Edward IV., Henry VII., and Henry VIII., while it was part of the possessions of the Earls of Northumberland, as well as those subsequent to 1732 relating to the manor of Caldbeck and other of the Wharton manors, are now preserved in Lord Leconfield’s Estate Office at Cockermouth Castle. There are found there also many interesting and important Feodaries or Surveys of the estates when they were held by the Earls of Northumberland. The Church of Caldbeck, like many other churches in Cumberland, was dedicated to St. Kentigern, better known as St. Mungo, the apostle of Strathclyde, and restorer of Christianity among the Cumbrians. The name Kentigern originally meant “chief lord,” but owing to the intelligence and graces of his character the saint was called Munghu (Mungo), signifying “dearest friend.” It will be seen subsequently that Mungo was for a time a favourite Christian name in HELD BY THE BEWLEYS OF CUMBERLAND 39 the Bewley family, even when all connection with Caldbeck Church, and with the Church of England, had been severed. But its first use in the family is without doubt to be associated with the ancient Church of Caldbeck and its patron saint. About a mile and a half from the village of Caldbeck is the little market town of Hesket Newmarket. The small manor of Hesket, which contains 150 acres or thereabouts, is a mesne manor within the manor of Caldbeck, i.e., the owner, though bound to render service to the lord of the manor of Caldbeck as one of his free tenants, is himself lord of the lesser manor, with all the usual manorial rights. The manor must have been created prior to 1290, when subinfeudation was prohibited by the Statute Quia Emptores ; but when it came into the possession of the Bewley family is uncertain. The ancient name of the manor was Eskheved, which appears to be derived from Esk, an ash tree, and heved, head. Hesket Hall, the mansion house of the manor of Hesket, was the residence of the principal branch of the Bewleys of Caldbeck, down to October, 1630, when Thomas Bewley of Hesket sold the manor to William Lawson of Isell, the husband of his aunt Judith. His son, Sir Wilfrid Lawson, the first baronet, built the existing mansion house, a curious structure with twelve angles, so contrived that the shadows show the hours of the day. The roof is circular, and the chimneys run up in the centre. It has been called “Sir Wilfrid Lawson’s whim.’’1 About a mile south of Hesket Newmarket are the lands of Woodhall, which, at some remote period, constituted the demesne lands of the manor of Caldbeck, that is, the lands held by the lord of the manor along with his mansion house.

1 See Bishop Nicolson’s Diaries : C. & W. A. & A. Society’s Transactions, vol. i., N.S., p. 31. 40 TENURES AND LOCALITIES OF THE LANDS

So far back as the reign of Edward IV. they had passed into the hands of tenants, who held them under the customary freehold tenure of the manor. In an ancient Latin Rental or Survey of the Wharton estates dated 15th January, 1560, Matthew Bewley (Buyllye) is described as holding one fourth part of these demesne lands of Woodhall at the yearly rent of 20s. ; George Bewley

(Buyllye), another one fourth part, at the same rent ; while the other portions were held by members of the Nicholson, Pearson, and Richardson families at proportionate rents. The two Bewley divisions had no doubt long prior to this belonged to William Bewley of Hesket Hall, and one portion had come to Matthew through his father Richard, the eldest son of William, and the other had descended from Ralph, the second son of William, to his grandson George. The principal dwelling-house was on Matthew Bewley’s portion, and the owners of this division, in course of time, acquired a considerable part of the other divisions, as well as other lands in the immediate neighbourhood. William Bewley had other customary freehold lands within the manor of Caldbeck, including Stotgillhouse,which adjoined Woodhall, and was sometimes treated as part of it, and the Ox Park, near the village of Caldbeck. After the extinction of the line of the Bewleys of Hesket Hall the Bewleys of Woodhall became the principal branch of the Bewley family in Cumberland. In 1641, Thomas Bewley, the eldest son of George Bewley, of Woodhall, bought from John Salkeld, of Threapland, in Cumberland, a freehold house and lands at Haltcliffe in the parish of Caldbeck, situate about a mile from Woodhall. These lands were held in fee- simple, and were within the barony of Greystoke. Thomas Bewley, on the death of the last survivor of the children of his brother William Bewley of Penrith in 1637, had also become entitled to some fee-simple lands called the John’s Closes at HELD BY THE BEWLEYS OF CUMBERLAND 41

Newlands in the parish of Sebergham, on the north bank of the river Caldew and not far from these lands of Haltcliffe. On the death of his father George Bewley in 1643, Thomas Bewley succeeded to the house and lands of Woodhall, of customary freehold tenure, which his father had held. He rebuilt, however, the mansion-house at Haltcliffe, which thenceforth came to be known as Haltcliffe Hall. George Bewley, the eldest son and heir of the last-mentioned Thomas Bewley, obtained by an exchange the house and lands of Woodhouse, which were held in feesimple, and lay in the parish and manor of Caldbeck, between Haltcliffe Hall and the John’s Closes. Other lands of customary freehold tenure adjoining the lands of Haltcliffe, and within the manor of Caldbeck, were also acquired by him, and thenceforth became part of the Haltcliffe Hall estate. This estate, after continuing in the descendants of George Bewley for two generations, passed away from the Bewley family in 1758, when James and John Blaykling, the devisee and heir respectively of Thomas Bewley of Cockermouth, the last Bewley owner, sold it to Joshua Lucock, Esq., of Cockermouth. The Woodhall estate, which had gone to Thomas Bewley, the second son of Thomas Bewley, of Haltcliffe Hall, was gradually enlarged by the addition from time to time of other portions of land in the parish and manor of Caldbeck, which were for the most part held by customary freehold tenure. The estate continued in this branch of the Bewley family until 1833, when it was sold to John Jennings, Esq., for the purpose of discharging the mortgage debts of the then late owner, George Bewley. Hesket Hall, Haltcliffe Hall, and Woodhall have—like most of the similar mansions in Cumberland and Westmorland— long since become ordinary farm-houses ; and when Woodhall was visited by the writer it was unoccupied, and seemed rapidly falling into decay. 42 TENURES AND LOCALITIES OF THE LANDS

We now turn to the parish of Aspatria—formerly called Aspatrick—situate south of Bromfield, and to the west of Caldbeck, from which it is separated by the intervening parish of Torpenhow. The manor of Aspatria in this parish was one of the manors granted by Henry, the sixth Earl of Northumberland, to Henry VIII., and not having been disposed of by the king, it was granted with the residue of the Percy estates by Queen Mary to Thomas Percy, brother of the sixth Earl of Northumberland, but on his attainder in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, his title to the lands was, forfeited, and the manor again reverted to the Crown. Within the manor of Aspatria was the mesne manor or hamlet of Brayton, which formed at one time part of the possessions of the Priory of St. Mary, Carlisle,1 and on the dissolution of the monasteries passed. into the hands of the king. Like all such ecclesiastical possessions it was held in frankalmoign, that is to say, the services rendered were merely of a spiritual nature. In the Book of Knights’ Fees,2 compiled in 1542, Richard Bewley of Hesket is returned as holding the hamlet of Brayton of the king, as of the manor of Aspatrick, by homage and fealty; but how and when his title to these lands accrued has not been ascertained. In 1572 Thomas Bewley, eldest son of Richard, sold a portion of Brayton to James Cowdell, and was a party to a fine levied in Trinity Term, 14 Elizabeth (1572), for that purpose. In a survey of the Northumberland estates, prepared during

1 Valor Ecclesiasticus, temp. Hen. VIII., vol. v., pp. 274-5. 2 Misc. Books of the Exchequer (Treasury of the Receipt), No. 72, page 274. HELD BY THE BEWLEYS OF CUMBERLAND 43 the tenure of the eighth earl—i.e., between August 1572 and June 1585—there is the following entry:—

“ Willm Bewley holdeth Brayton by fealtie onlie, sometymes the landes of the Bishop of Carlioll in free alms et redd. per annum ad fest. predict :” [no rent stated]

9 Opposite to this entry is written “ an˚ xiij H. vij p or Carliol’ seiss’,” i.e., in the year 13 Henry VII. the Prior of Carlisle was possessed of this. In another survey of the Northumberland estates, dated 2nd May, 20 Elizabeth (1578), appears :— “Aspartria, Freeholders. William Bewley holdeth Brayton by fealty only, sometime the lands of the Bishop of Carliol’ in free alms and rendereth by the year [nil]” Richard Bewley of Hesket succeeded to Brayton on his father’s death, but sold all his interest in it to Thomas Salkeld in 1597, and for that purpose he joined with other persons in levying a fine in Michaelmas Term, 39 & 40 Elizabeth (1597). Brayton afterwards passed by purchase to the Lawson family, who, by the subsequent purchase of the manor of Hesket, became entitled to the principal landed property of the Hesket line of Bewleys ; and Brayton is now the seat of the owners of the Lawson estates. Mungo Bewley, a son of George Bewley of Woodhall who died in 1643, settled at Ivegill, then in the parish of Hesket- in-the-Forest, near to Highhead, and not far from the early home of the Bewleys of Thistlethwaite. Other members of the Bewley family were found at times in the same locality, at Middlesceugh, Braithwaite, and Gaitsgill, otherwise Gatescales. Their names are given in a Muster Roll of February, 1580, in a survey of the Honor of Penrith and Forest of Inglewood of 1619, and in Hearth Tax Rolls of the reign of Charles II. 44 TENURES AND LOCALITIES OF THE LANDS

A muster roll, undated, of the reign of Henry VIII. includes a “William Bewle” amongst the bowmen having jacks, sallets, and horses mustered in the parish of Bromfield. The parish registers of Greystoke show that a family of Bewleys was resident in the parish in the 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries. Bewleys appear from time to time at Carlisle and in its neighbourhood. There is a Bewley’s Court in the Rickergate, Carlisle, and over the entrance is the inscription R. B. I. B., 1683, being no doubt the initials of some Bewley owners of that date. The Rev. Thomas Bewley was Minister of St. Cuthbert’s, Carlisle, at the time of his death. His will, dated 19th August, 1715, is referred to subsequently in the chapter on the Arms of the Bewleys of Cumberland. The Rev. George Bewley was vicar of Stanwix, Carlisle, in 1535, and at the time of his death, in 1574, he appears to have been also Vicar of Dalston. The changes consequent on the Reformation left him undisturbed. (See also p. 158 post.) In the west of the county some Bewleys appear in the parishes of Dearham and Plumbland. But it has been found impossible to trace the pedigrees of these scattered Bewleys. Wills proved at Carlisle and parish registers supply materials to draw pedigrees of some of them for three or four generations or more. They branched off, however, from the main stock before the reign of Queen Elizabeth, and materials do not appear to be forthcoming to show their connection with it. Some of the Haltcliffe Hall Bewleys lived in the parish of Castle Sowerby, at Hallfield and elsewhere ; and they, and some of the Bewleys of the Ivegill branch, attended the meetings of the Society of Friends held at Sowerby Row in that parish. Their births, deaths, and marriages were duly recorded in the books of the meetings, but these books have disappeared, and had not Sir John Mark of Greystoke, West HELD BY THE BEWLEYS OF CUMBERLAND 45

Didsbury, been fortunate enough to discover an excellent copy of the missing registers, many particulars concerning these members of the family would have been lost. Through the courtesy of Sir John Mark, these particulars are embodied in the pedigrees at the end of this volume. CHAPTER IV

THE EARLY HISTORY OF THE BEWLEYS OF CUMBERLAND

The early history of the Bewleys of Cumberland is to be gathered from the public records, and not from private family documents ; but members of the family held so many important offices, or received such benefits from the Crown, from the reign of Edward III. to that of Henry VIII., that the course of descent of the main line can be traced with practically absolute certainty. From such materials, however, it is not possible to construct a clear and continuous narrative, and the most that can be done is to give, in chronological order, the material parts of these records, with such occasional references to contemporary history as may be useful for purposes of explanation. This chapter will deal with eleven generations of Bewleys, and with a period of three centuries. Commencing in the Middle Ages, it will leave us at the threshold of modern times. The characters will pass rapidly across our stage, more like shadows than living people, and the reader must endeavour to give them substance, and invest them with the manners and customs and modes of thought of their respective ages. Thomas de Beaulieu of Thistlethwaite, and Roger de Beaulieu of Blencarn and Ulnesby are the first of that name Early History Of The Bewleys OF Cumberland 47 found in Cumberland.1 No subsidy roll2 of that county of the reign of Edward II. is forthcoming, but a subsidy roll of Edward I. has been examined, and it does not contain any de Beaulieu or Bewley. It is probable that Thomas and Roger were sons of Gilbert de Beaulieu, whose position as one of the retinue of Queen Philippa has been already noticed, and who received a grant from her of the forestership of Okedene in the forest of Knaresborough. Possibly Roger may have received his Christian name from relationship to Sir Roger de Beaulieu, who held office at Courtrai in 1307. The first notice we have of him is as a defendant in an action at law in 1331. At this time a feud was raging between the Prior and Convent of Carlisle on the one side, and John de Rosse, Bishop of Carlisle, on the other.3 The bishop had seized on lands and other property belonging to certain churches claimed by the prior and convent, and in Michaelmas Term, 5 Edward III. (1331), an action was brought by the prior of Carlisle against Roger de Bello Loco, Richard le Wayte, and others, together with John, Bishop of Carlisle, . . . Robert Shakspere and others, complaining that they had taken and carried away goods and chattels of the Prior at Dalston, to the value of £100.4 Roger, no doubt, took service under the bishop for the occasion, as he would have done under any leader who had a fight on hand. (See, however, p.153 post.) We next find him, as well as Thomas de Beaulieu, in the Cumberland Subsidy Roll for 1332, the particulars of which have been given in detail

1 A Roger de Belloc is named in the Close Rolls of 2 Hen. III., in a document addressed to the Sheriffs of Northumberland, Westmorland, and Cumberland (Rot. Lit. Claus. in Turri Londin. asser., vol. i., p. 375), but he probably was not a de Beaulieu, but of the same family as Gospatric, son of Beloc, mentioned in the Cumberland Pipe Rolls of 9 Hen. II. (Victorian History of Cumberland, vol. i., p. 341). 2 As to the nature of Subsidy Rolls, see p. 33, ante. 3 Whellan’s History of Cumberland and Westmorland, p. 105. 4 De Banco Rolls, 5 Ed. III, m. 409. These Rolls contain entries of the pleadings in ordinary actions at law. 48 Early History Of The Bewleys OF Cumberland at p. 33, ante. In a subsidy roll for Cumberland of 12 Edward III. (1338),1 i.e., the second year’s collection of a subsidy granted in 1337 for three years, the following entries appear :— “ Warda de Lyth (Leath Ward) Villa de Thisteltwhayt (Township of Thistlethwaite) D Thom. de Beaulew ijs iiijd Blencarne cum Kirkland D Rog’ o de Beaulieu xjd” and the names of “Thomas Beaulieu of Thystelthwait” and of “Roger de Beaulieu of Blencarne cum Kirkland” also appear in a Cumberland Subsidy Roll,2 undated, but which, from internal evidence, appears to be the third year’s collection of the above-mentioned subsidy granted in 1337. Roger de Beaulieu of Blencarn cum Kirkland also appears in a Subsidy Roll of 19 Ed. III. (1345).3 The roll is much torn in places, and is very faint, and only partly legible ; and probably for these reasons the name of Thomas de Beaulieu has not been found in it. Of Thomas and Roger de Beaulieu we have no further record. From the latter appears to have come a branch of the family that continued in the parish of Kirkland for a considerable time. To this branch belonged Leonard Bewley, of Culgaith, in the parish of Kirkland, whose will was proved at Carlisle on 10th Dec., 1 566 ; James Bewley of Kirkland, whose will is dated 8th Jan., 1600 ; and Leonard Bewley of Culgaith, on whose death an inquisition post mortem was taken at Penrith on 2nd April, 1611 ; but sufficient materials to trace the pedigree have not yet been found.4 The next member of the main line of the family to be noticed is Richard de Beaulieu, whose position as a son of

1 Lay Subsidy Rolls (Exch.Q.R.), No. 90/7. 2 lbid., No. 90/22. 3 lbid., No.90/11. 4 As to the Bewleys of Langwathby, see p. 36, ante. Early History Of The Bewleys OF Cumberland 49

Thomas de Beaulieu is evidenced by the devolution of the lands of Thistlethwaite. By letters patent of 29 Ed. III. (1355), referred to at page 22, supra, the king granted to Richard de Beaulieu, and Margaret his wife, the custody of certain parts of the manor of Glassonby, and of other hereditaments which had belonged to John de Eglesfeld, deceased, to hold until the full age of the heir, Joan de Eglesfeld, rendering therefor to the king ten shillings, above the rent and other services, and paying for the right of marriage forty shillings, and providing, moreover, competent maintenance for the heir.1 By an inquisition taken in pursuance of a writ dated 16th July, 1357, it was found that a large number of persons therein named, including Richard de Beaulieu, had omitted for several years to contribute a certain quota of thraves (i.e. sheaves or stooks) of corn to the Leper Hospital of Carlisle.2 Whether it was by reason of his ownership of Thistlethwaite, or of other lands, that this obligation arose, cannot now be ascertained. It is to be hoped that he discharged his arrears, for in 1371 a monition was issued by the bishop of Carlisle to rectors and vicars, to give notice to their parishioners that all detainers of thraves of corn should make restitution in ten days, on pain of the greater excommunication.3 By letters patent dated 20th July, 32 Ed. III. (1358), the king purported to commit to Richard de Beaulieu the custody of all the castles, lands, tenements, and rents, with the appurtenances in Castelkairok, Gamelsby, Grenhowe, Langholm, Cryngeldyk, Hedresford, Burgh, and Crokedayk, in Cumberland, which had belonged to John Eglesfeld, deceased, to hold during the king’s pleasure, answering for the issues and profits thereof at the Exchequer ; and Richard

1 Rot. Origin. in Curia Scacc. abbreviatio, vol. ii., p. 237. 2 Cumb. and West. Ant, and Arch. Society’s Transactions, vol. x., p. 112. In the copy of the inquisition there given the name is printed “Richard de Beaulion,” but there is no trace of any such name in Cumberland. 3 Dugdale’s Monasticon, vol. vi., p. 757. E 50 Early History Of The Bewleys OF Cumberland gave as sureties to the king, Adam of Carlisle, Simon Loudon, and William de Hoton-in-the-Forest.1 As mentioned, however, at page 23, ante, the grant proved null and void, as it was found by an inquisition held in March, 1359, that John de Eglesfeld had disposed of these lands the day before his death to Roger de Kirkoswald, chaplain, and

John Brom, chaplain ; and further, that none of the lands were held by John de Eglesfeld of the king, who consequently, under any circumstances, would not have been entitled to the wardship. By letters patent of 33 Ed. III. (1359), the king committed to Richard Beaulieu the custody of two messuages and one oxgang of land in Lykberg, in the county of Westmorland, which had belonged to Swein de Derlay, deceased, to hold until the full age of the heir, rendering to the king sixteen 2 shillings per annum ; but Richard Beaulieu (as he is at this time called) appears to have disposed of his interest to Ralph

Walays ; for by letters patent of 34 Ed. III. (1360), the king, at the request of Richard Beaulieu, granted the custody of the same lands to Ralph Walays, to hold for the same term and at the same rent.3 Richard Beaulieu died some time between 1360 and 1371, and left two sons, viz. Richard, the elder son, who succeeded to the freehold estates held by his father, and Robert. In 45 Edward III. (1371) this latter Richard Beaulieu entered into an agreement with William Briswood to take a grant in fee of a messuage and fifteen acres of land in Raghton in Cumberland, which had belonged to Ivo de Raghton ; and as they were held of the king in chief, he had to obtain a

1 An abridgment of the grant is given in Rot. Origin. in Curia Scacc. abbreviatio, vol. ii., p, 248 ; but the above has been taken from the enrolment in the Public Record Office, London. 2 Rot. Origin. in Curia Scacc. abbreviatio, vol. ii., p. 254. 3 lbid., p, 258. Early History Of The Bewleys OF Cumberland 51 licence from the Crown to enable William Briswood to make the feoffment, and he paid therefor 6s. 8d., which then represented a noble.1 Sometime during the life of Ranulph de Dacre, who died in 1375, Richard Beaulieu obtained a grant in fee from him of part of the lands of Kirkthwaite, adjoining Thistlethwaite ; and in 1380 he applied to the king, as owner of the Royal Forest of Inglewood, for liberty to assart it and bring it into cultivation. Accordingly a writ, dated 3rd February, 4. Richard II. (1380), was issued to William de Latymer, warden of the forest on this side of Trent, commanding him to inquire whether it would be prejudicial to the king to assart and reduce to cultivation this portion of the lands of Kirkthwaite ; and thereupon an inquisition was taken at Carlisle on 6th April, 4 Richard II. (1381), before William de Hoton, in place of William Latymer, by the oaths of verderers, foresters, and regarders, who found that it would not be to the damage or prejudice of the king, or injury to the forest or to any person if Richard Beaulieu should assart and reduce to cultivation a certain parcel of land, meadow, and wood within Inglewood Forest called Kirkthwaite, containing 14A. IR., and hold it so assarted and reduced to cultivation to him and his heirs for ever. They further found that the said parcel contained within itself 14 A. IR. of land, meadow, arid woodland no more, and that every acre was worth by itself in all issues by the year twelve pence ; that the place lay next a parcel of the forest called Midelscoughe, which was a portion of the covert, and adjoined in other parts, Hegheved, Sourby, and Thistlethwaite, all which were assarted and reduced to cultivation ; that there was not frequent repair thither of the king’s game ; that there were no trees growing on these 14A. I R, only brambles, and if those should be cut down and carried away at the will of the said

1 Rot. Origin. in Curia Scacc. abbreviatio, vol. ii., p. 318. E2 52 Early History Of The Bewleys OF Cumberland

Richard, there would be no damage to the king, or any other, and no injury of the forest.1 On 8th May, 4 Richard II. (1381), the king, in consideration of one mark paid to him, granted to Richard Beaulieu, who had obtained by the gift of Ranulph de Dacre, and held in fee, a parcel of land, meadow, and wood in the kings forest of Inglewode called Kirkthuait, containing 14A. 1R. of land, yielding for the same at the Exchequer fifteen shillings yearly, that he might cut down trees and carry them whither he would, and make his profit of them, and afterwards assart and bring it into cultivation, to him and to his heirs for ever, without hindrance or impediment from the king or his heirs, justices, foresters, verderers, regarders, escheators, sheriffs, or other his bailiffs or ministers whomsoever.2 In 1385 Richard de Beaulieu was returned as one of the Knights of the Shire for Cumberland in the Parliament summoned to meet at Westminster on 20th October, 1385. 3 The return is as follows :— “Com’ de Cumbr’. Petrus de Tillioll’, chivaler Ricardus de Beuleu.” }

Sir Peter de Tilliol belonged to an ancient family established at Scaleby in Cumberland from the reign of Edward I. He had been a Knight of the Shire for Cumberland on two previous occasions, and members of his family had represented Cumberland in nineteen of the Parliaments held in the reign of Edward III. By privy seal dated at Durham, 28th Jul y, 9 Richard II. (1385), Clement de Skelton, John de Thirlwall the younger,

1 Chancery Inquisitions, 4 Ric. II., No. 79. 2 Patent Rolls, 4 Ric. II., pt. 3,1 m. 21. See also Cal. Rot. Pat. in Turri Londin., p. 205, and Calendar of Patent Rolls, Ric. II, 1381-1385 p.2. 3 Return of Members of Parliament printed pursuant to orders of the House of Commons of 4th May, 1870, and 9th March, 1877. Early History Of The Bewleys OF Cumberland 53

Amandus Monceux, John de Dalston, Richard Beauloue (Beaulieu), and Robert de Louther the elder, were appointed, in the absence of John de Neville, keeper of the town and castle of Carlisle (whom the king had ordered to accompany him in his then expedition of war against Scotland), to guard the said town and castle with 90 men-at-arms and 100 archers, including themselves, at the charges of the said John, and they were to certify to the king if the number were insufficient, so that the said John might be charged to provide more.1 On the 13th December, 9 Richard II. (1386), in consideration of ten shillings paid to the king by Richard de Beaulieu for his trespass in acquiring from Hugh de Dacre, knight, 10A. of land called Thestelthwayt, held in chief, and entering thereon, the king granted a pardon to the said Richard.2 This was a small addition to the lands of Thistlethwaite already in the possession of Richard Beaulieu, and being held by the Dacres in capite it could not be alienated without a licence from the Crown. Sir Hugh de Dacre had succeeded to the Dacre estates in 49 Edward III. (1375). Such is the information we have from the public records of this Richard Beaulieu. He was not the owner of large landed estates, and one may conjecture that he must have shown some special merit, and perhaps have had the support of the powerful family of Dacre, to procure his election by the freeholders at the shire court as one of the Knights of the Shire to serve in Parliament. His appointment as one of the keepers of Carlisle during the Scottish war suggests that he must also have had some military ability. His associates were members of some of the most distinguished families in Cumberland. Clement de Skelton was a Knight of the Shire in 2, 6, 7, 18, & 20 Richard II. ; Hamond (Amandus) Monceux was sheriff of the county in 5, 7 & 9 Richard II., and a Knight of the Shire in 51

1 2 Calendar of Patent Rolls, Ric. II., 1385-1389 p.10. Ibid., p. 73. 54 Early History Of The Bewleys OF Cumberland

Edward III., and 6, 10, 12 & 13 Richard IL, and the Lowthers were already establishing the position they afterwards held of one of the great governing families of England. It may be noted also that while the king was engaged on this expedition against the Scots, burning Edinburgh, Perth, and other towns, the French and Scots under John de Vienne, lord admiral of France, crossed the Solway and besieged Carlisle. The small but gallant body of defenders, however, succeeded in beating off the enemy, and the attack was ineffectual.1 The De Banco Rolls of Michaelmas Term, 9 Richard II. (1386), contain an entry of an action brought by Robert de Beaulieu against John, the son of Thomas, the son of Henry de Sowerby, for breaking and entering his house at Sowerby, and taking goods and chattels of the value of £20.2 Of this Robert we know nothing further. He would appear to have been a brother of Richard Beaulieu of Thistlethwaite. The manor of Sowerby was within the forest of Inglewood, and the residence of Robert de Beaulieu cannot have been far from Thistlethwaite and Kirkthwaite. Richard Beaulieu had three sons, William, Richard, and

Thomas ; and although in the pedigree William is treated as the eldest son, the question is not entirely free from doubt. Certain heraldic considerations noticed hereafter would suggest that William was a younger son, but the matter is of no practical importance, as William died without male issue. William Beaulieu was returned as one of the Knights of the Shire for Cumberland to the Parliament summoned to

1 Ferguson’s History of Cumberland, p. 232 : Knight’s Pictorial History of England, vol. i., p. 791. 2 De Banco Roll, Mich., 9 Ric. II., m. 507 : Plantagenet Harrison’s History of Yorkshire, p. 171. Early History Of The Bewleys OF Cumberland 55 meet at Coventry on 6th October, 1404. The original writ and return are not forthcoming, and the names of the two representatives are taken from the enrolment of the writ de expensis in the Close Rolls.1 This writ, in the case of Cumberland, directed the sheriff to levy off the county £20 for the expenses of the two members in travelling to and from Coventry, and attending to their Parliamentary duties. The names are given thus:

Johes de la More, chivaler, Milites com’ Willus de Bewlieu, chivaler, } Cumbr’ de xxli p quinquaginta diebus.”2 which, it need hardly be stated, means :

John de la More, Knight Knights of the Shire for the William de Beaulieu, Knight } county of Cumberland £20 for fifty days, but it is clear that William Beaulieu was erroneously described as a knight (chivaler). He was only an esquire, as appears from the documents mentioned below. This Parliament was known as “the unlearned Parliament,” from the fact that in the writ of summons the king, acting on the ordinance of Edward III. in 1372, directed that no lawyers should be returned as members.3 The purchasing power of money was of course much greater at that time than at the present day, but, even taking that into account, a payment of 4s. per day was a modest sum to meet the expenses of a Knight of the Shire for Cumberland in his long journey to and from Coventry, and for his lodging and entertainment during the session of Parliament. When starting on his ride over the fells he should take with him some retainers or servants with packhorses

1 Rot. Claus., 6 Hen. IV., m. 5 d. 2 Parliamentary Return, ubi supra. 3 Rot. Parl. ii., 3 10 : Stubbs’ Const. History, vol. iii., p. 46. 56 Early History Of The Bewleys OF Cumberland and spare saddle-horses ; and the cost of the feeding of men and beasts would, one would imagine, be a heavy item in the daily expenditure. William Beaulieu was one of the attesting witnesses to a deed dated 24th June, 7 Henry IV. (1406), by which Sir William de Clifford granted to Sir John de Skelton certain lands and tenements in Whytrigg Belysis cum Thornebank in the township of Torpenhow, and County of Cumberland.1 Torpenhow is now a parish in the west of Cumberland, and Whitrigg is one of its townships. Robert Skelton, who married Margaret, daughter of William Beaulieu, was probably a son of Sir John de Skelton above mentioned. The Skeltons of Armathwaite in the parish of Hesket-in-theForest were a Cumberland family of great antiquity. William Beaulieu was one of the Knights of the Shire for Cumberland in the Parliament that met at Westminster, 14th May, 1 Henry V. (1413). The original writ and return have been examined, and the names of the two members are given 2 thus in the return : “Petrus Tilliol’, miles. Willielmus de Beaulieu.” } The Parliament was summoned to meet on 3rd February, 1412 (14 Henry IV.) and it met on that day, but it is not certain that it was formally opened. Henry IV. died on 20th March,

1412 ; Henry V. was crowned on 9th April, 1413 ; and on 15th May, 1413, Parliament met for the despatch of business.3 The de Banco Rolls of Trinity Term, I Henry V. (1413), contain an entry of an action brought in Cumberland by William Beaulieu against William de Wigton, Peter Brownrigge,

1 Denton’s Accompt of the most considerable estates and families in the County of Cumberland (Cumb. and West. Ant. and Arch. Soc., Tract Series No. 2), Appendix, p. 177. 2 Parliamentary Return, ubi supra. 3 Stubbs’ Const. History, vol iii., pp. 70, 78. Early History Of The Bewleys OF Cumberland 57

Thomas Perkynson, William Cuthbertson de Dundrawe, William Younghusbande, Thomas King de Threpland, Thomas de Sowerby de Scaleby, John Sanderson de Scaleby, and others, for forcibly taking one bull and three cows of the value of 40s. at Petrelwra, and depasturing cattle and injuring corn and grass of the value of £10 at Langrig.1 The township of Langrigg is in the parish of Bromfield (in which Dundraw is also situate), and Petrelwra, otherwise Pettrelwray, is at a considerable distance from it in the Parish of Hesket-in-the- Forest, not far from Thistlethwaite. It would appear then that at this time William Beaulieu had lands in the places mentioned. The battle of Agincourt was fought in October, 1415, but whether any de Beaulieus from Cumberland or from Hainault took part in it on the one side or the other we cannot tell. William de Beaulieu held the office of Escheator for the king in the counties of Cumberland and Westmorland from 4th November, 6 Henry V. (1418), to 23rd November, 7 Henry V. (1419). His accounts and the inquisitions taken before him are not forthcoming.2 Some of the duties of the office were discharged by deputy, as is shown by the following document mentioned in an article on the Threlkelds of Threlkeld in the Transactions of the Cumb. and West. Antiq. and Archæolog. Society, vol. ix., p. 305 :— “John Milthorp sub-estraetor of Wm. de Beaulieux, estraetor of our said Lord the King in the Counties of Cumberland and Westmorland by virtue of a writ of the King directed to the same estraetor, gave full seisin to Henry Threlkeld” of certain lands and hereditaments. In the De Banco Roll of Easter, 2 Henry VI. (1423), is found the entry of an action by Ralph de Graystok, knight,

1 De Banco Rolls, Trinity, 1 Henry V., m. 170. 2 Escheator’s Accounts and Inquisitions, Exchequer (Q. R.), in the Public Record Office. 58 Early History Of The Bewleys OF Cumberland against William Beaulieu de Thistelthwaytes in the County of Cumberland, gentleman, for an account while receiver of moneys.1 The entry shows that William Beaulieu was then resident at Thistlethwaite, and affords evidence that these lands had descended to him from his father, Richard Beaulieu, and that consequently he was the eldest son. William de Beaulieu is named as one of the jurors on an inquisition taken 20th March, 7 Henry VI. (1428), at Carlisle before the collectors of a certain subsidy for the king of vi8 viijd from each knight’s fee.2 Even when England and Scotland were at peace the Border raids were a perpetual trouble. Various attempts were made by the sovereigns of both countries to prevent or check them, and in 1429 Henry VI. appointed Commissioners to confer with Commissioners from King James of Scotland on the subject. The instrument appointing the Commissioners bore date 15th Oct., 8 Henry VI. (1429), and the commencement 3 of it was to the following effect : “Concerning a conference with representatives of the King of Scotland.” “The King to all, etc., greeting. Know that we have appointed and deputed our beloved and trusty Christopher Culwen, knight, Christopher Moresby, knight, Master Thomas Uldale, Bachelor of Laws, and William Beaulie, esquire, as our Commissioners and special delegates to meet and confer with the duly appointed and accredited Commissioners or deputies of our well-beloved cousin James, King of Scotland, at Clogmabanstane or any other place fit and suitable for the purpose.” The De Banco Rolls of 12 Henry VI. (1433) contain the entry of an action by William Beaulieu against Thomas Osmunderlawe de Langrigg in the County of Cumberland,

1 De Banco Rolls, Easter, 2 Hen. VI., m. 176 dorso. 2 Feudal Aids, vol. i., p. 245. 3 Rymers Fœdera (orig. ed.), vol.x., p. 435. Early History Of The Bewleys OF Cumberland 59 yeoman, Thomas Robynson de Langrigg, yeoman, Thomas Robynson de Langrigg, husbandman, &c., for £10 debt.1 William Beaulieu died without issue male, either towards the close of 1433 or in the beginning of 1434 ; and thereupon an inquisition post mortem was taken on the 21st August, 12 Henry VI. (1434). One end of the small strip of parchment containing the return has been torn or cut off ; and the following is a translation of the material portions of the part remaining :— “Inquisition taken at ( ) in Cumberland on 21st August, 12 Henry VI., on the death of William Beaulieu, Esquire (armiger), whereby it is found that he held no lands or tenements of the King or of any other in the said County on the day of his death. He died on the 19th day of ( ) in the 12th year of King Henry VI., and Margaret Skelton, wife of Robert Skelton, Mary Denton ( ) and ( ) Beaulieu are the daughters and next heirs of the said William Beaulieu, and each of them Margaret, Mary, and ( ) aged 21 years and upwards.”2 He must have disposed of his lands of Thistlethwaite, Kirkthwaite, Langrigg, and Pettrelwray, some short time before his death, either by a feoffment to a trustee for the benefit of one or more of his daughters, or otherwise. No fine dealing with the lands in his lifetime has been discovered. Owing to the lacuna in the inquisition the Christian name of the husband of Mary Beaulieu has not been ascertained, but the Dentons, like the Skeltons, ranked amongst the families of Cumberland of high social standing. The third daughter may have been the wife of Robert Wylstrop mentioned in the pedigree given in William Flower’s Visitation of Yorkshire in 1563 and I564. The references to the arms of William Beaulieu in the

1 De Banco Roll, 12 Hen. VI., m. 210. 2 A short extract from the inquisition is given in Calendar of Inquisitions post mortem, vol. iv., p. 152. 3 Visitation of Yorkshire, Harleian Society’s Publications, vol. xvi., p. 355. 60 Early History Of The Bewleys OF Cumberland ancient rolls of arms known as Jenyn’s Roll and the Northern Roll are referred to in the Chapter on the Arms of the Bewleys of Cumberland. In the arms of the descendants of Richard Beaulieu, William’s next brother, the chevron on the coat is always plain and not dancetté, and as it would be more natural that the original coat should bear the plain chevron, and that the dancetté chevron should be a mark of difference for a younger branch, there is some ground for treating William Beaulieu as being a junior member of the family. However, the possession of Thistlethwaite by him, while his brother Richard lived at Carlisle, and other circumstances, seem to point him out as the eldest son. Turning now to Richard Beaulieu all we know of him is that he was returned as one of the burgesses for the city of Carlisle in the Parliament summoned to meet at Westminster on 8th July, 11 Henry VI. (1433).1 The original writ and return have been examined, and in the return the name is correctly given as Ricardus Beaulieu. In an endorsement on the back of the writ the surname is spelled Beawlewe, and in Nicholson and Burn’s History of Cumberland, it has received the extraordinary form of Bawleke. 2 Thomas Beaulieu, the third brother, seems to have resided near Snayth in the West Riding of Yorkshire, and on 6th November, 1427, a Commission de waliis et fossatis (walls and banks) for the waters of Ayre, Ouse, Done (Don), and Went between Snayth and the old course of the water of Done was issued to seven persons including Thomas Beaulieu.3 He appears to have had a son Ralph Bewley, who was knighted, and whose daughter Ellinor married Sir Robert

1 Parliamentary Return, ubi supra. 2 Vol. ii., p. 582. 3 Calendar of Patent Rolls, Hen. VI., 1422–1429, p. 468. Early History Of The Bewleys OF Cumberland 61

Percy of Scotton in Yorkshire, as his first wife. Sir Robert Percy was brought up with King Richard III. from a child, and afterwards became captain of his guard, comptroller, and a member of his Privy Council. He was slain at Bosworth in 1485, and was afterwards attainted.1 This branch of the Bewley family appears to have ended with Ellinor Percy, and we now return to Richard Beaulieu the burgess for Carlisle in the Parliament of 1433. Richard Beaulieu must have been resident in Carlisle and a freeman of the city, as by the Act 1 Henry V., c. i, entitled, “What sort of people shall be chosen and who shall be the choosers of the Knights and Burgesses of the Parliament,” it was ordained and established “That the Citizens and Burgesses of the Cities and Boroughs be chosen men, Citizens, and Burgesses resiant, dwelling, and free in the same Cities and Boroughs, and no other in any wise.” This Richard Beaulieu was succeeded by his son, another Richard Beaulieu or Bewley—the fourth successive holder of the name—who was returned as a burgess for Carlisle in the Parliament summoned to meet at Coventry on 20th November, 38 Henry VI. (1459).2 In the return, which bears date 13th November, 1459, the name is given as “Ricardus Bewley,” and this appears to be the first instance of the modern spelling of the family name in any public record. In Nicholson and Burn’s History of Cumberland,3 and in Whellan’s History of Cumberland and Westmorland4 in the list of members for Carlisle the name is erroneously given as “Richard Beverley.” This Parliament is remarkable as being that at which Richard, Duke of York (father of Edward IV. and Richard

1 See pedigree of Percy in Familiæ Minorum gentium, by Rev. Joseph Hunter: Harleian Society’s Publications, vol. xxxix. 2 Parliamentary Return, ubi supra. 3 Vol. ii., p. 582. 4 Page 137. 62 Early History Of The Bewleys OF Cumberland

III.), the Earl and Countess of Salisbury, their son the Earl of Warwick, and many other persons, were attainted. In the Wars of the Roses the North of England was to a great extent Lancastrian in feeling, but after the battle of Towton in 1461, when the Lancastrian forces met with utter defeat, Carlisle was held by the Yorkists, and at a later period Edward IV. sent his brother Richard, Duke of Gloucester, to hold the North of England, with the appointments of Lord Warden of the Marches and Captain of the Castle of Carlisle.1 From the documents next referred to it may be reasonably assumed that the Bewleys took the side of the White Rose. The name of Richard Beaulieu is found in the Commission of the Peace for Cumberland, dated 6th December, 3 Edward IV. (1463),2 and also in that dated 10th February, 5 Edward IV. (1466).3 On 26th September, 7 Edward IV. (1467), a commission was issued to Ralph de Graystok, knight, Hugh Louther the elder, Richard Bewelewe, William Bethom, and the Coroners in the County of Westmorland to inquire what lands Ranulph Dacre, knight, held in the said county on the day of his death, how much they were worth when he died, who was his next heir, and who had occupied the said lands since his death.4 The Commission of the Peace for Cumberland, dated at Westminster 6th October, 1471 contains Richard Bewle.5 This commission is on the Patent Roll of 49 Henry VI.,6 but its date shows that it was not granted during the short restoration of that sovereign. (See also pp . 154-5, post). Richard Bewley died in the year 1472 or thereabouts, and left two sons, William and Thomas. William Bewley

1 Ferguson’s History of Cumberland, p. 238. 2 Calendar of Patent Rolls, Ed. IV., 1461–I467, p. 562. 3 Ibid. 4 Ibid., Ed. IV. and Hen. VI., 1467–1477, p. 29. 5 Ibid., p. 610. 6 49 Hen. VI. m. 22 d. Early History Of The Bewleys OF Cumberland 63 was evidently in high favour with the ruling powers, and held from time to time a very large number of appointments from the Crown during a period extending over nearly half a century. We should probably be able to add substantially to the number mentioned below, if Calendars of the Patent Rolls or State Papers of the reign of Henry VII. were published. In the absence of such Calendars it is practically impossible to ascertain what commissions may have been granted to him in that reign. William Bewley was included in the Commission of the Peace for Cumberland on ten different occasions. The dates 1 of the Commissions were : (1) 20th June, 13 Ed. IV. (1473); 2 4 (2) 10th Nov., 15 Ed. IV. (1475) ; (3) 28th April, 21 Ed. IV. 4 (1481) ; (4) 24th May, Ed. V. (1483) ; (5) 26th June, 1 Ric. 5 6 III. (1483) ; (6) 5th Dec., 1 Ric. 111. (1483) ; (7) 30th Nov., 7 9 1 Hen. VIII. (1509) ; (8) 12th May, 2 Hen. VIII. (1510) ; (9) 9 18th Oct., 6 Hen. VIII. (1514) ; and (10) 13th Nov., 12 Hen. VIII.10 (1520). In the first two his surname is given as Beweley or Beaule: in the next four as Beauley or Beaule : in the seventh as

Beuley : in the eighth as Beuleywe : in the ninth as Bewlewe ; and in the tenth as Beulewe. It may be mentioned that in the four commissions issued in 1481 and 1483 he was associated with the Bishop of Carlisle, three dukes (including Richard Duke of Gloucester), one earl, ten knights, and three gentlemen under the rank of knight ; and that in all cases the persons named in the Commission appear to have been of good position in the county. By the Act 13 Richard II. st. 1., c. 7, it was provided that Justices of the Peace in all the counties of England should 1 Calendar of Patent Rolls, Ed. IV. and Hen. VI., 1467–1477, p. 610. 2 Ibid. 3Ibid., Ed. IV., Ed. V., Ric. III., 1476–1485, p. 556. 4 Ibid. 5 Ibid. 6 Ibid. 7 State Papers (Foreign and Domestic), Hen. VIII., vol. 1, p. 100. 8 Ibid., p. 156. 9 Ibid., p. 907. 10 Ibid., vol. 3, pt. 1, p. 395. 64 Early History Of The Bewleys OF Cumberland be made of the most sufficient knights, esquires, and gentlemen of the law in the said counties ; and by 18 Hen. VI., c. 11—a statute passed in the Parliament held at Westminster in 1439— a definite property qualification was added ; and it was enacted “that no Justice of the Peace within the realm of England, in any county, shall be assigned or deputed if he have not lands or tenements to the value of xxli by the year.” It should be borne in mind that lands of the annual value of £20 were then a very substantial property, and represented the value of what was known in the feudal law as a “knight’s fee.” William Bewley was three times in the Commission of the Peace for Westmorland, viz, in the Commissions dated 1 respectively : (1) 5th March, 3 Hen. VIII. (1511) ; (2) 28th 2 Nov., 4 Hen. VIII. (1512) ; and (3) 18th Oct., 6 Hen.VIII. 3 (1514) ; and in each case his surname was spelled Beuley. He was also included in the Commission of the Peace for Northumberland, dated 29th Nov., 4 Hen. VIII. (1512), under the designation of “Wm. Beweley.”4 On 1st Aug., 1 Ric. III. (1483), a commission was issued to assess and to appoint collectors of the tax imposed by the last Parliament of Ed. IV. on all aliens except Spanish, Breton, or

Almayn merchants ; and as to Cumberland, it was addressed to Humphry Dacre of Dacre, knight, William Parre, knight, Richard Hudleston, knight, Christopher Moresby, knight, Thomas Liegh, knight, Thomas Broughton, knight, Thomas Curwen, knight, John Cackenthorp, Roland Thorneburgh, and William Beauley.5 By a deed dated 2nd Aug., 2 Hen. VII. (1487), William Bewley and another were appointed by the grantors to give

1 State Papers (F. & D.), Hen. VIII., vol. i, p. 331. 2 Ibid., p.445. 3 Ibid., p. 904. 4 Ibid., p. 445. 5 Calendar of Patent Rolls, Ed. IV., Ed. V., and Ric. III., 1476—1485, pp. 393, 396 : 9 Rep. of Dep. Keeper of Records, App., p. 45. 6 State Papers, Hen. VIII., vol. I, p. 130. Early History Of The Bewleys OF Cumberland 65

Henry VII., who for some time dispensed with Parliamaits, save when he could not get money by other means, summoned a Parliament in 1503, and, in accordance with feudal custom, demanded an aid for the expenses he had incurred in making a knight of his eldest son Arthur, late Prince of Wales, deceased, and another for the marriage of the Princess Margaret, his eldest daughter, with the King of the Scots. The Parliament—acting, it is said, on royal instructions—offered £40,000, and the king, to show his moderation, consented to accept £30,000. An Act was then passed, viz. : 19 Henry VII., c. 32, to make provision for levying the aids so granted off the several counties in England, and by it the Commissioners appointed for assessing the amount payable from Cumberland were “Thomas Curwen, knyght, Hugh Lowther, knyght, William Beauley, Hugh Hoton, and John Pennington.”1 In the Parliamentary Roll as printed in Rot. Parl., vol vi., p. 538, William Beauley is erroneously described as “knyght,” but in the Statute itself the addition is properly omitted. An inquisition was taken at Haltwisill, in the County of Northumberland, on Tuesday, the last day of December, 21 Henry VII. (1505), before Humfrey Lisle, knight, Nicholas Rydeley, and William Bewley, esquires, Commissioners of the king, by virtue of letters patent to them directed to inquire concerning all and singular the articles contained in the said Commission by the oath of Robert Whitfield, esquire, &c.2 Amongst the Chancery Inquisitions of the same year is another—only partly legible—taken at Co.....ge in the Co. of Northumberland, on 2nd March, 21 Henry VII. (1505), before Ralph Da ..... , William Bewley, and Thomas Bewley, Commissioners.3

1 Statutes of the Realm, i Hen. VII., c. 32. The Act is not printed in the Statutes at large. 2 Chancery Inq. post mortem, 25 Hen. VII., No. 4. 3 Ibid., No. 144. F 66 Early History Of The Bewleys OF Cumberland

This was no doubt taken at Corbridge on the Tyne in Northumberland, and the first named Commissioner we may conjecture to have been Ralph Dacre. Thomas Bewley, one of the Commissioners, was probably a brother of William, but we have no further record of him. The three appointments last referred to show that William Bewley was not out of favour in the time of Henry VII., and if the enrolments of the Commissions of the Peace during that reign were examined, it would no doubt be found that the name of William Bewley was included in those for Cumberland. It has been already pointed out that the tenants of the customary freeholds of the northern portion of Cumberland were subject to render special services connected with the defence of the Borders, but independently of this, all the male inhabitants of this county as well as of the other counties in England capable of bearing arms (peers and spiritual men excepted) were bound to attend on summons for the military defence of the country. No standing army existed in England until the reign of William III., and, at the time with which we are now dealing, Commissioners were appointed by the sovereign from time to time to array—i.e. inspect—and muster the available fighting men of the several counties. The Commission of Array for Cumberland, dated 20th June, 3 Henry VIII. (1511), includes Thomas Lord Dacre and Greystok, and others, and Will Beulewe, and the Sheriff,1 and a similar Commission, dated 14th July in the same year, is also addressed to Thomas Lord Dacre and others, Will. Beulewe and the Sheriff. A Commission of Muster for Cumberland dated 6th August, 4 Henry VIII. (1512), includes the Earl 1 State Papers (F. and D.), Hen. VIII., vol. 1, p. 260 ; Rymer’s Fœdera (orig. ed.), vol. xiii., p. 30, where the full text of the Commission is given. 2 State Papers (F. and D.), Hen. VIII., vol. i, p. 270. Early History Of The Bewleys OF Cumberland 67 of Surrey, the Lord Dacre, and others, Wm. Beulewe, and the Sheriff.1 A Commission of inquiry into the possessions of George Kyrkbryde of Cumberland, deceased, dated 16th March, 3 Henry VIII. (1511), was issued to J. Bp. of Carlisle, Rob., Abbot of Holme Coltren, and Will. Bewlay.2 In the Sheriff Roll for Cumberland, dated 6th November, 12 Henry VIII. (1520), the following names were suggested to fill the office of Sheriff in the county3 : “Hugh Hutton, Wm. Bewlewe, *Thomas Fayrefax.” A similar Roll, dated 2nd February, 1 Henry VIII. (1521), returned the names following4 : “Sir Chr. Dacres, Wm. Bewley, Cuthb. Musgrave” ; and another, dated 12th November, 14 Henry VIII. (1522), included : “Wm. Bewleugh, *John Pennyngton, John Lamplewgh.” Though on two occasions William Bewley was the second name on the list, and on one occasion the first, he did not become Sheriff of his county. As John Pennyngton, named in the last mentioned Roll, seems to have been a friend or dependent of Cardinal Wolsey, and the pricking by the king was not always a matter of chance, it is not surprising that the lot fell upon him. The following abstract of a letter, dated 12th April, 1521, addressed by Thomas Lord Dacre, then Lord Warden of the West Marches, to Cardinal Wolsey, is now amongst the Cotton 6 MSS. in the British Museum : “There are no sheriffs in Cumberland and Northumberland to serve the King’s processes or keep the Sessions. John Lamplew, of 1 State Papers (F. and D.), Hen. VIII., vol. I, p. 403. 2 Ibid., p. 336. 3 lbid., vol.3, pt. 1, p.383. 4 lbid., vol.3, pt.2, p. 868. 5 Ibid., p. 1127. 6 Cott. MS. Caligula, B. II., 249 : State Papers (F. and D.), Hen. VIII., vol. 3, pt. 1, p. 464. * The name marked * was pricked by the king. F 2 68 Early History Of The Bewleys OF Cumberland

Lamplew, Bennyngton (Pennyngton), Wolsey’s servant, Thomas Lamplew, of Dovenby, Richard Skelton, of Brantthuayt, John Skelton, of Armetthuayt, or Christopher Curwen, son and heir of Sir Thomas, might be appointed for Cumberland. If he be allowed the nomination of the Sheriff of Northumberland according to indenture, he will appoint Henry Wallas, Wm. Threlkeld, or Christopher Leghe. If the King will break the indenture, there are Edward Gray of Chillingham, William Heron, Nicholas Ridley, Ralph Fenwick, and Wm. Ellerker. The Custos Rotulorum of Cumberland is dead : there has been none this twelvemonth. The King may appoint William Beueley or Richard his son. According to Wolsey’s instructions in his last, has communicated with the Scotch, and hopes to bring it to pass, but it will require time. Wark upon Tweed, 12th April Signed. Add. To my Lord Cardinal’s Grace endd” The office of Custos Rotulorum or Keeper of the Rolls is now associated with that of Lord Lieutenant of the county, but no records have been found of the holders of the office in Cumberland, and it has not been ascertained whether Lord Dacre’s recommendation of William Bewley or his son Richard to the great Cardinal was acted on or not. William Bewley was now advanced in age, and no further reference to him has been found in the Public Records. Though he did not at any time represent his county in Parliament, his career proves him to have possessed more than ordinary ability and a high character, and he must have been one of the leading men in Cumberland in his day. (As to William Bewley’s relation with the See of Carlisle see pp. 155-7, post.) Amongst the documents preserved in Lord Leconfield’s Estate Office in Cockermouth Castle is a book entitled on its cover “Cumbria. Feodarie Booke of Reliefs, 14 Hen. 7 : 18 Early History Of The Bewleys OF Cumberland 69

Hen. 7 : 2 Hen. 8: 20, 26, & 34 Hen. 8 ; and of the value of divers particular lands in Cumbr’,” which appears to have been written some time in the reign of Queen Elizabeth. The first document in it is headed : “Corn’ Cumbr’. De Releviis recept’ per Edwardu’ Ratclif nuper feodarium pernobilis dñi henr’ comit’ Northumbr’ de temp’ ingress’ omn’ terr’ suar’ anno Henr’ vij xiiijto ut seq’ ” (County of Cumberland. Of the reliefs received by Edward Ratclif, late feodary of the most noble Lord Henry Earl of Northumberland, from the time of his entering on all his lands in the 14th year of Henry VII. as follows.) And amongst the reliefs paid is: “Com’ Cumbr’ ...... Willius Beuley de Eskett iiij8. ” 1498, the year referred to, was the date at which Henry, 5th Earl of Northumberland, the then Lord of the Manor of Caldbeck, attained full age and got possession of his estates, and Wi1liam Bewley was then the owner of Hesket (Eskett). The above entry is evidence of William Bewley’s ownership of the manor of Hesket in 14 Henry VII. (1498), but his first connection with it must have been of a much earlier date. He held—it will be recollected—the Commission of the Peace for Cumberland in the reigns of Edward IV., Edward V., and Richard III., and, as already mentioned, this necessitated the possession of lands or tenements of the annual value of £20. But not only his own history, but that of his eldest son Richard, as given afterwards, shows that the manor of Hesket must have constituted his qualification in Cumberland. It is further to be noted that his father, Richard Bewley, was in the Commission of the Peace for Cumberland in 1463, 1466, and 1471, and that William Bewley replaced his father in the Commission issued in 1473. This would lead us to infer that the property qualification possessed by Richard Bewley was the same as that afterwards held by his son William, and that the manor of Hesket had been acquired by Richard— wbether by purchase 70 Early History Of The Bewleys OF Cumberland or descent—before the month of December, 1463, the date at which his name first appears in the Commission of the Peace. If Richard Bewley had any other lands sufficient to qualify him, they would, in the ordinary course, have descended to his son William, as there was not then any power to dispose of lands by will ; and some trace of them would have afterwards appeared. In an ancient Feodary or Rental of the several manors belonging to Henry, sixth Earl of Northumberland, which is also at Cockermouth Castle, is the following entry under the heading of” Caldbeke” :— “ Willm Bewlye tenet terr’ sua’ ibidem per hummag’ et fide’ cu’ relio,” i.e., William Bewley holds his lands there by homage and fealty with the payment of a relief. As Henry, the sixth Earl of Northumberland, succeeded to the title and the estates on the death of his father, the fifth Earl, on 19th May, 1527, and on 18th October, 22 Henry VIII (1530) granted the Manor of Caldbeck-under- Fell (which included Hesket) with other manors to Thomas Wharton, this Feodary must have been prepared at some time between those dates. William Bewley died sometime between May, 1527, and September, 1534, and was buried in Greystoke Church. The parish of Greystoke adjoins Caldbeck on the east, and for some time the incumbent of the Collegiate Church of St. Andrew’s, Greystoke, had also been incumbent of Caldbeck. Some special reasons, which cannot now be ascertained, may have existed for the burial of William Bewley outside his own parish. When some years later his daughter, Isabel Whitlay, was buried in the same grave, the following inscription was placed 1 on a small brass tablet in the floor of the aisle :—

1 Whellan’s History of Cumberland and Westmorland, p. 543: R. S. Ferguson’s Miscellany Accounts of the Diocese of Carlisle, p. 132. BRASS IN THE AISLE OF ST. ANDREW’S CHURCH, GREYSTOKE, IN MEMORY OF WILLIAM BEWLEY

OF HESKETT HALL, AND HIS DAUGHTER ESABELL (ISABEL) WHITLAY.

(From a rubbing by Joseph Bewley Esq.) [ To face page70 . ]

Early History Of The Bewleys OF Cumberland 71

William Bewley appears to have had the following children :— 1. Richard. 2. Ralph. 3. Gerard. 4. Edward. 5. Isabel, m. Whitlay, d. 5th February, 1543. 6. Mary,1 m. John Denton. Of these Richard Bewley, the eldest son, need alone receive special mention. Richard Bewley had reached man’s estate many years before his father’s death, and was a tenant of customary freehold lands in the manor of Caldbeck so far back as the year 1516. He had certainly succeeded to the Hesket estate in September, 1534, but the exact time of his father’s death cannot be fixed. By a Commission dated 24th January, 13 Henry VIII. (1522), Sir John Lowther, James Laborne, and Ric. Bewley were appointed Commissioners to make inquisition in the County of Westmorland concerning the lands and heir of John Flemyng.2 Amongst the names of the gentlemen pannelled in the inquest upon the escape of Riche. Graham in 19 Henry VIII. (1527) is Riche. Beawlye.3 By a Commission dated 14th October, 25 Henry VIII. (1533), Thos. Salkeld, Thos. Blenkynsop, and Ric. à Bewley were appointed Commissioners in Cumberland to hold an inquisition post mortem as to the lands and heir of John à Briscoo and Ric. à Briscoo.4 In the De Banco Rolls of Easter, 25 Henry VIII. (1533), an entry is found to the following effect :— “Westmorland. Richard Bewley of Eskot (Hesket) in the County of Cumberland against Anthony Smythson of Clibourne, in the said

1 See Denton Pedigree in Burke’s Landed Gentry, ed. 1853, vol. 3, Supp., p. 100. 2 State Papers (F. and D.), Hen. VIII., vol. 3, p. 865. 3 Ibid., vol. 4, pt. 2, p. 1829. 4 Ibid., vol. 6, p. 552. 72 Early History Of The Bewleys OF Cumberland county, clerk, Robert Smythson, late of Tyryngton in the said county, clerk, and John Smythson of Alenby in the County of Cumberland, yeoman, executors of the will of William Burbanke, clerk, lately called William Burbanke senior, Archdeacon of Carlisle, for £40 debt, and against Michael Burbanke, late of Morton in the County of Cumberland, yeoman, executor of the will of William Burbanke, lately called William Burbanke junior, Rector of the parish Church of Calbek, for £40 debt.” 1 The De Banco Rolls of Trinity, 26 Henry VIII. (1534), contain the following entry, apparently referring to the same cause of action :—“ Westmorland. Richard Bewley, gentleman, against Anthony Smythson of Clyburne in the said county, clerk, for £40.”2 In 1534 William Lord Dacre was accused of high treason by Sir Ralph Fenwyke, and Richard Bewley was one of the Grand Jury of Cumberland who, on 15th June, 26 Henry VIII. (1534), found a bill of indictment against him at Carlisle. Lord Dacre, however, claimed to be tried by his peers at Westminster, and he was triumphantly acquitted, owing to the description of evidence by which the charge was sought to be sustained; namely, persons of mean degree from the Scottish Border, who were either suborned, or brought forward by a vindictive feeling towards the accused, arising from the severity with which he had executed the duty of Warden of the Marches.4 Amongst the Commissioners appointed in 27 Henry VIII. (1535) to collect the tenths of spiritualities in Cumberland was Ric. Beaulieu.5 This appears to be the last occasion on which, in any

1 De Banco Rolls, Easter, 25 Henry VIII., m. 248, and Trinity, 25 Henry VIII., m. 656. 2 ibid., Trinity, 26 Henry VIII., m. 260. 3 State Papers (F. and D.), Henry VIII., vol. 7, p. 368. 4 Whellan’s History of Cumberland and Westmorland, p. 526: Hargreave’s State Trials, vol. 1, p. 407. 5 State Papers (F. and D.), Hen. VIII., vol. 8, p. 50. Early History Of The Bewleys OF Cumberland 73 public record, the original spelling of the surname was adopted. In 1536 the insurrection, commonly known as Aske’s Rebellion or the Pilgrimage of Grace, broke out in the North of England, and many persons in Cumberland became implicated in it. Richard Bewley appears to have been coerced at first to join the movement, but he afterwards used his influence in checking it. The following are extracts from some of the depositions relating to Aske’s Rebellion, published in the State Papers1 :— Sir2 Robert Thompson, Vicar of Burgh-under-Stanesmore, in answer to interrogatories, stated: ...... “Next day, Saturday, the commons beyond Eden came and took the oath and were appointed to meet on Monday at Cartlogan Thornes, which they did; and thither came Dr. Towneley, with townships about Caldbeck, and Dr. Towneley, Richard Bewley, and other gentlemen were sworn.” Confession of Barnarde Towneley, clerk : “The commons of Calbeyke 23rd October last, by command of Mownse, John Beyke, Gilbert Weldall, and W. Burbeyke, Captains of Penryth assembled and took me and Ric. Bewley and Ric. Vachell (?Machell), gent., with them, and met the Commons of Penreth, the barony of Greystoke, Hutton, Shewlton, Soreby, and others at Cartlogan. There the Vicar of Bowrght (Burgh)- under-Steynes More in the name of the whole Commons made us take the oath ...... On Monday next the honor of Cockermouth came to Burnthewth Oke, and the said Captains and Vicar sent Richard Bewley, Parson Thurkylde, Lanslot Schalkylde, Richard Blenkhow, John Swynburne jun., and myself to do the message to Carlisle, and we sent forward two canons of Carlisle, Sir Ric. Huttwythe and Sir Wm. Florens, to cause the town to meet us. There met us Richard Blanderherset and John Towmson, who brought the copy of the King’s proclamation which we immediately 1 State Papers (F. and D.), Hen. VIII., vol. 12, Pt. I, pp. 300, 303. 2 In this and other places Sir is a designation of respect applied to the parochial clergy, like Reverend in modern times. 74 Early History Of The Bewleys OF Cumberland sent, with Bewnley, Salkylde, Blenkhow, and Swynburne to the Commons, who thereupon dispersed to meet there again on Friday next, 3rd November, all except the Commons of Cockermouth . . . On Friday, 3rd November, the Captains and Commons of Penreth, and most of the country, except Cockermouth, came to Brunfelde Ocke beside Carlisle; and thither came Sir Christopher Dacre under safe conduct, and he and I, with Parson Thurkylde, Riche. Bewnley, Cudbert Hutton, and others persuaded the Commons, the Vicar of Burght being absent, to disperse and make no further insurrection.” Richard Bewley’s attitude in the insurrection appears to have met with the approval of the authorities, for the Commission of the Peace for Cumberland, dated 16th March, 29 Henry VIII. (1538), includes the name of Ric. Beaulyeu.1 All the members of the Bewley family were not so fortunate, for John Bewley of Dereham—who no doubt was a relative, though the exact connection cannot be traced— was condemned to death at Carlisle on 24th February, 1537, for participation in the rebellion, and was afterwards duly hanged in chains.2 A pathetic reference to the circumstances connected with the cutting down and burial of his body will be found in the published State Papers.3 As already mentioned in Chap. III., p. 29, ante, Richard Bewley as well as his eldest son Thomas were on the list— now amongst the Cotton MSS. in the British Museum—of the gentlemen of Cumberland available for Border service. In addition to the manor of Hesket held by Richard Bewley from Lord Wharton, he had a house and lands in Hesket held in chief, i.e. directly from the king, by knight-service. He also held under the king the hamlet or manor of Brayton in the manor of Aspatria, then called Aspatrick, which had formerly belonged to the Prior of Carlisle (who held it in frankalmoign), and which had probably been acquired by Richard Bewley after the dissolution of the monasteries.

1State Papers (F. and D.), Hen. VIII., vol. 13, pt.1, pp. 244, 245. 2 Ibid., vol. 32, pt.1, p. 235. 3 Ibid., pp. 559, 572-3. Early History Of The Bewleys OF Cumberland 75

In 1542 a book known as “the Book of Knights’ Fees’ was compiled by William Poulet, Master of the Court of Wards and Liveries, setting out the lands held of the Crown in the Counties of Devon, Lincoln, Cumberland, Kent, and Bucks.1 The book is in Latin, and the following is a translation of two of the entries relating to holdings in Allerdale Ward, 2 Cumberland :—

“Richard Beualey holds his capital message and his other knight-service

lands and tenements in Esket (Hesket) of our Lord the King, By as of the manor of Caldbeck, by knight-service, and renders annually for cornage3 to our said Lord the King ij8 vid by the hands of the Sheriff for the time being. }

By homage

and fealty. The same holds the hamlet of Brayton of our Lord the King, as of the Manor of Aspatrick, by homage and fealty, and as to the other services inquiry should be made.” } Richard Bewley had two sons, Thomas and Matthew. Some time in the reign of Henry VIII. a Muster was held in Cumberland, the Roll of which is now preserved in the Public Record Office,4 but the date at which it was held is not shown. At the head of those mustered in “the townschype of Caldbeke” appears “Master Bowleye” with “hors and harnes.” This was of course Richard Bewley, the head of the family, and lower down Matthew’s name appears amongst the “Bowmen hauying jacks, sallets, and horsys.” A jack was a coat of mail, and a sallet a kind of helmet. Christopher and John Bewley, sons of Richard Bewley’s brother Ralph, were present also at this muster, but John was amongst the “bowmen hauying jacks, sallets, and no horsys.” Thomas, the eldest son of Richard, did not answer to

1 Misc. Books of the Exchequer (Treasury of the Receipt), No. 72. 2 Ibid., f. 274. 3 As to the nature and origin of the payment called cornage, see Victorian History of Cumberland, vol. i, pp. 324-9. 4 Exch. (Q.R.) Accounts, &c., Cumberland, bundle 61, No. 33, temp. Hen. VIII. 76 Early History Of The Bewleys OF Cumberland the call; but as he was returned as “sick” when the list of the gentlemen of Cumberland for Border service was prepared, he may have been prevented by illness from attending this Muster. Richard Bewley seems to have died about 1552. As mentioned in a former chapter,1 he was originally nominated in that year as an overseer of the Border watchers between Dalston and Caldbeck, but when the appointments came to be perfected in October, 1552, his son Thomas Bewley was substituted for him. On the death of Richard Bewley, Thomas Bewley as his eldest son and heir-at-law entered into possession of the Hesket and Brayton estates, and also of such of the customary freeholds in the manor of Caldbeck as Richard had retained in his own hands. Matthew Bewley, the second son, was already in possession of his portion of the demesne lands of Woodhall, and further reference to him may be reserved for the next chapter. Amongst the documents at Lowther relating to the manor of Caldbeck is a Survey or Rental of the Wharton manors, dated 15th January, 1560. It is in Latin, with the exception of a few scattered passages, and the following is a translation of the passages relating to Thomas Bewley. Under the head of Heskethe, in the manor of Caldbecke- Underfell, appears :— “Thomas Bewlye holds of the lord the pasture called Oxe Parke with the appurtenances of the annual value of xx8, and a tenement with the appurtenances called Stotgill of the annual value of ij8. . . . . xxij8. “Thomas Bcwlye” also appears as holding other portion of the customary freehold lands of the manor called Huttonskeughe, alias Heskethe pasture, jointly with a number of other tenants—twenty-eight in number—who 1 Page 30, ante. Early History Of The Bewleys OF Cumberland 77 paid collectively a rent of vli vj8 viijd; and at the end of the customary tenants is the following paragraph in English :— “All before holdeth their tenements at will of the Lorde for terme of lieffe of the Lord and tenants, after the custom of the manor, and paieth fines at deaths of the Lorde and tennante, and at every change by surrender or other waies, and are bounde to serve the quene’s matie and Ld with mtis horse and gear.” Amongst the free tenants of the manor of Caldbecke Underfell also appears : “Thomas Bewlie for Bewlie lands iiij8.” This last entry refers to the rent then payable in respect to the manor of Hesket. Thomas Bewley married a wife whose Christian name was Marion, as we learn from the document next referred to. In 1572 Thomas Bewley sold a portion of the lands of Brayton to James Cowdell, and he and his wife Marion, as well as his son and heir apparent William Bewley and his wife Joan, joined in a fine that was then levied to carry out the sale.1 Marion, the wife of Thomas Bewley was probably a daughter of Robert Barwick. On 7th February, 38 Henry VIII. (1546), an inquisition was held at Shap in Westmorland on the death of Robert Barwick, gentleman, who died 27th October, 1546, leaving Thomas Barwick his son and heir- at-law aged eight years; and it was thereby found that by his will, dated 31st December, 37 Henry VIII., he made certain provisions for his wife and his two sons, Anthony and Thomas, and declared that if his said sons should die before either of them attained the age of 18 years all such as he had “bequestyd” to them or either of them should descend and remain unto Thomas Bewley and the

1 Feet of Fines, Trinity Term, 14 Eliz. (1572), Cumberland. 78 Early History Of The Bewleys OF Cumberland testator’s daughter, Joyce Barwicke, equally to be divided between them.1 While Thomas Bewley was acting as overseer of the watchers of the Border from Daiston to Caldbeck, Hugh Machell of Crackenthorpe in Westmorland was deputy warden of the West Marches under his son-in-law, Thomas Lord Wharton; and Richard Machell, a member of the same family, settled at Caldbeck for some purposes connected with Border service.2 His name appears in the Muster of the reign of Henry VIII., already referred to amongst those mustered in the township of Caldbeck, and in equipment he was in the same category as Matthew and Christopher Bewley. On 11th December, 1565, he made his will, and thereby appointed as supervisors “Thomas Bewlye, Nicholas Machell, Sir William Robinson, my curat, and Cuthbert Bewlye. Thomas Bewlye to have an angell of gould for his paynes, Nicholas Machell vj8 viijd, Sir William Robinson the same, and Cuthbert Bewlye the same for their paynes.”3 As we have not any further information concerning Cuthbert Bewley, his position in the family pedigree is at present unascertained. On 9th and 10th January, 1572, Thomas Bewley, gentleman, was one of the jurors on an inquisition taken upon the forfeiture of the Percy estates in respect to certain rights of common and pasture and rights of inclosure in the Forest of Allerdale.4 The nomination of Thomas Bewley in 6 Edward VI. (1552), as one of the overseers of the watchers on the Border is the last instance that has been found of anything 1 Chancery Inquisition, P.M., 1 Ed. VI., pt. 2, m. 81. 2 Machell MSS. in Library of Dean and Chapter of Carlisle, vol. 6, p. 64. 3 Cumberland and Westmorland Ant, and Arch. Soc. Transactions, vol. viii., p. 458. 4 Nicolson and Burn’s Hist. of Cumberland, vol. ii., pp. 140–2: Whellan’s Hist. of Cumberland and Westmorland, p. 263. Early History Of The Bewleys OF Cumberland 79 in the nature of a public appointment being given to any of the Bewleys of Cumberland. Whether political or other reasons may have prevented the Bewleys from getting into the good graces of Queen Elizabeth or her ministers cannot now be ascertained, but the fact remains that after the reign of Henry VIII. none of them appear to have been included in the Commission of the Peace, nor did they receive any of those other appointments from the Crown that had been so freely conferred on them from the reign of Edward IV. to the close of the reign of Henry VIII. As already stated, Thomas Bewley’s son, William Bewley, had been married before the fine was levied in 1572 to carry out the sale of part of Brayton. Thomas Bewley appears to have become the owner of some customary freeholds also at Brayton in the manor of Aspatria, and either in 1572 or some short time afterwards he transferred his interest in the small manor of Brayton to his son William, retaining, however, the lands of customary tenure above mentioned. He seems also to have had a house at Brayton held in fee under the Crown. In a survey of the Percy estates, dated 2nd May, 20 Elizabeth (1578), taken by a Court of Survey under a Commission from Henry, 8th Earl of Northumberland, the following entries appear in the portion dealing with the manor of Aspatria :— Freeholders in the Manor of Aspatria. “William Bewley holdeth Brayton by fealty only, sometime the lands of the Bishop of Carliol’, and rendereth by the year Nil.” Tenants at will in the Manor of Aspatria...... “No. 86. Thomas Bewley, gent., holdeth at Brayton eight cottages and houses and 14 acres of the Lord’s waste improved there and rendereth by the year vj8.” The entry as to Brayton in another survey of the Percy estates of the same period is given at p. 43, ante. 80 Early History Of The Bewleys OF Cumberland

The date of the death of Thomas Bewley cannot be fixed, but when it occurred, William Bewley, his son, entered into possesion of all his lands within the manors of Caldbeck and Aspatria. William Bewley did not long survive his father. He died on 7th April, 1589; and on 3rd February, 32 Elizabeth (1589), an inquisition post mortem was taken at Penrith, which found as follows :— “That William Bewley, gentleman, had lands and tenements in Hesket held of Philip Lord Wharton as of his manor of Caldbeck- Under-Fell by knight-service and suit of Court at his said manor from three weeks to three weeks, and free rent of 3S 4d yearly, paid at the feasts of Pentecost and St. Martin in winter by equal portions, and they are worth by the year clear 14. 8. The lands and tenements in Braiton are held of Henry Earl of Northumberland, as of his manor of Aspatrick (by what services the jurors know not), and are worth by the year clear j6 13. 4. William Bewley was seised in fee of a capital messuage and tenement in Hesket, and in divers acres of land, meadow and pasture to the same messuage belonging, one water mill, one other messuage, and one cottage in Hesket: also a capital messuage in Braiton. “William Bewley died 7th April last, and Richard Bewley his son and heir is under age, viz: sixteen years and a quarter.” William Bewley left the following children :— 1. Richard. 2. John. 3. Thomas. 4. Judith, m. William Lawson of Isell. Richard Bewley, the eldest son, attained his full age in 1594, and shortly afterwards married a wife whose Christian name was Frances. In 1597 he sold all his interest in the Brayton estate to Thomas Salkeld, a member of a well-known family resident at that time in the parish of Aspatria. To carry out the sale a fine was levied, to which not only Thomas Salkeld and Richard Bewley and Frances, his wife, were parties, but Early History Of The Bewleys OF Cumberland 81 also Richard Salkeld and Jane, his wife. The interest of the two latter in the transaction is not known. The sale included not only the small manor of Brayton, but also the customary freeholds, and the messuage held directly from the Crown to which Richard Bewley was entitled. The purchase money stated in the Fine is £6oo, but this statement is not necessarily exact. Some time afterwards Richard Bewley acquired certain lands situate at Newlands in the parish of Sebergham within the manor of Castle Sowerby, and at a subsequent date known as the John’s Closes. These formed part of the Honor of Penrith and Forest of Inglewood, which, in the reign of James I., were amongst the possessions of Charles, Prince of Wales. In a Survey of these estates1 made in 1619 is an entry of

which the following is a translation :—

knight-

service vj

“From Richard Bewley for certain lands in Sourby, render-’ d by ing per annum as above by the rental of the before mentioned } Sheriff (i. e. the Sheriff of Cumberland).” ) In a subsidy roll for Allerdale Ward, Cumberland,2 dated 28th May, 1625, containing the particulars of the amounts collected on 2nd March, 22 James I. (1624), the following entry appears under the head of Caldbecke :—

“Richard Bewlie in lands xxxs vjs John Lambe in goods iijli xiijs George Bewley in goodes iijli xiijs” These were the only persons assessed in Caldbeck. The first column after the names contains the estimated value of lands or goods, and the second column gives the amount of the assessment. George Bewley named in this and the next mentioned

1 Mis. Books of the Exchequer (Q.R.), No. 47. 2 90 Cumberland Lay Subsidy Rolls, No. 59 . G 82 Early History Of The Bewleys OF Cumberland subsidy roll was George Bewley of Woodhall, a second cousin of Richard Bewley as will be shown afterwards. In another subsidy roll1 for Allerdale Ward, dated 26th April, 1 Charles I. (1626), the following are the persons assessed in Caldbeck :—

“Ricardus Bewley terr’ xxxs vj8 Johês Asbrigge terr’ xis viij8 Ricardus Abbott bonis iijli viijs Georgius Bewley bonis iijli viijs” Richard Bewley’s name also appears under the head of Caldbeck in two other subsidy rolls for Allerdale Ward, which apparently deal with the collections of subsidies granted in 4 Charles I. (1628).2 The name of George Bewley is not found in these rolls, and of the four persons assessed in each at Caldbeck, Richard Bewley alone is described as “generosus,” i.e. gentleman. Judith Bewley, the sister of Richard Bewley, married William Lawson of Isell, Cumberland, some time in the reign of James I., and became the mother of Wilfrid Lawson, created a baronet by James II. on 31st March, 1688.3 Richard Bewley died in 1628 or 1629, leaving his widow, Frances Bewley, and the following children surviving :— 1. Thomas. 2. Judith, m. John Brisco of Vampool, Cumberland, as his third wife.4 3. Jane, m. Richard Garth of Great Salkeld, Cumberland. 4. Anne, m. Clement Browne of Kaber, Cumberland. 5. Eleanor, m., as his third wife, Christopher Richmond of High- head Castle, Cumberland.5

1 90 2 90 90 Cumberland Lay Subsidy Rolls, No. 62 Ibid., Nos. 51 and 69 . 3 Cumberland and Westmorland Visitations, by J. Foster, p 77: Ducatus Leodinensis, by Ralph Thoresby, p. 250 : Burke’s Extinct Baronetcies, p. 301 : Betham’s Baronetage, vol. 3, p. 75. 4 Nicolson and Burn’s History of Cumberland, vol. ii., p. 203: Hutchinson’s History of Cumberland, vol ii., p. 460 note(d) : Whellan’s History of Cumberland, p. 253. 5 Cumberland and Westmorland Visitations, by J. Foster, p. 111 : Whellan’s History of Cumberland, p. 583. Early History Of The Bewleys OF Cumberland 83

On the death of Richard Bewley, Thomas Bewley, his only son and heir-at-law, entered into possession of the Hesket estates and also of the John’s Closes at Newlands in the parish of Sebergham. He appears to have raised some money on the security of the latter from his mother, Frances Bewley, but requiring a further sum of £20 he applied for a loan of it to his kinsman William Bewley of Penrith. The amount was advanced, and to secure it, by deed, dated 24th October, 1629, Thomas Bewley of Hesket gent., and Frances Bewley, mortgagee, conveyed to William Bewley of Penrith his heirs and assigns for ever the John’s Closes in the townfields and territories of New- lands, to hold to him his heirs and assigns for ever, subject to redemption on payment of the principal sum of £20 and interest. It may be mentioned here that this mortgage was never redeemed, and that the beneficial interest in these lands passed eventually to the heirs of William Bewley. Thomas Bewley did not marry, and being, as it would appear, in failing health, he entered into an agreement in October, 1630, with William Lawson of Isell, the husband of his aunt Judith, to sell to him all his Hesket estate as well as such interest as he had in the lands situate in Newlands in the parish of Sebergham. The price was to be £450, of which £100 was to be paid on the execution of the deed of conveyance, but Thomas Bewley was to have an option of repurchasing the property by repayment of the £100 on the 2nd February, 1631. This transaction was carried out by the following deeds :— “By an Indenture of conveyance dated 21st Oct. 1630, expressed to be made between Thomas Bewlye of Heskatt in Caldbeck in the Co. of Cumberland, gent., of the one part, and William Lawson of Isell in the said County gent., of the other part, the said Thomas Bewlye, in consideration of £450 stated to have been paid to him by G 2 84 Early History Of The Bewleys OF Cumberland the said William Lawson, granted unto the said William Lawson, his heirs, & assigns, “All that capital messuage or tenement with the appurtenances known by the name of Heskatt Hall in Caldbecke, being of the yearly free rent of 3s. 4d.; all that the tyth of corne, grayne, shaves, and haye, yearly coming, growing & arising of, in, and upon one messuage & tenement then or late in the tenure or occupation of Tho: Parker or of his assigns; all that messuage and tenement with the appurtenances then or late in the tenure or occupation of John Parker or of his assigns ; all that messuage & tenement with the appurtenances then or late in the occupation of Cuthbert Browne or of his assigns, being of the annual rent of 3s.; all that messuage & tenement with the appurtenances then or late in the occupation of Wm. Atkinson or of his assigns, being of the yearly rent of 4s. 2d.; all that messuage or tenement with the appurtenances then or late in the tenure or occupation of Richard Priestman or of his assigns, being of the annual rent of 10d.; all which premises were situate at Heskatt in Calbecke aforesaid ; and all that messuage or tenement with the appurtenances then or late in the tenure or occupation of Richard Richardson or of his assigns, being of the yearly rent of 2s., situate in Newlands, and within Sebergham in the said Co. of Cumberland, to hold the same unto the said William Lawson his heirs & assigns for ever.”

This deed was executed by the grantor, who signed his name as “Thomas Bewlie,” and wrote a clear, educated hand ; and the execution of the deed was attested by seven witnesses, including “John Bewley” and “Thomas Bewley.” The deed has this attornment of tenants indorsed :— “Md. That the daye & yeare within written came ffrancis Bewley, widowe, Cutbt. Browne, Thomas Bewley, William Scott, and Robert Nicholson, and attorned tenants to the within named Willm. Lawson and every of them have payed unto him the said Willm. one penny lawful English moneye in the name of attornment.” Of the purchase money of £450 only £100 was paid on the execution of the deed of conveyance, and the nature of Early History Of The Bewleys OF Cumberland 85 the arrangement between the parties is shown by the following deed of equal date :— “By an Indenture of defeasance dated also the 21st Oct., 1630, expressed to be made between the said Thomas Bewley of the one part, and the said William Lawson of the other part, after reciting the last mentioned indenture of conveyance, it was witnessed that if the said Thomas Bewley should be living upon the 2nd Feb., 1631, and should be mindful to redeem the aforesaid messuages, lands, tenements, & hereditaments, without any intent to alien, demise, mortgage, or let the same to any other person, and did upon the same 2nd Feb. pay unto the said William Lawson his heirs &c., £100 stg, together with all such sums as the said William Lawson his heirs &c., should necessarily disburse in the meantime concerning the perfect assuring of the said premises unto the said William Lawson & his heirs, at the place therein mentioned, then the said indenture of conveyance should be void : but if the said Thomas Bewley did make default in payment, then the said William Lawson covenanted to pay unto the said Thomas Bewley his heirs, executors, administrators, or assigns, £350, viz : £100 on the 1st Aug., 1632 : one other £100 thereof on the 1st Aug., 1633: one other £100 thereof on the 1st Aug., 1634: and 50 on the 1st Aug., 1635, for the full purchase of the aforesaid several messuages and premises. “Covenant by Thomas Bewley that if he should redeem the said premises he would not at any time thereafter alien the same to any person but only to the said William Lawson, and for the sum of 450.” Thomas Bewley did not redeem the premises, and died prior to the month of June, 1632, intestate and unmarried, leaving his sisters his co-heiresses at law and next of kin surviving ; and letters of administration of his goods and chattels were granted to his uncle, John Bewley of Hesket. The remaining instalments of the purchase money were duly paid by William Lawson, and releases or receipts for the amounts were given by John Bewley, the administrator, and by three of the sisters of Thomas Bewley and their respective husbands. No receipt or release from Judith Brisco is forthcoming, and it is not certain that she survived 86 Early History Of The Bewleys OF Cumberland her brother Thomas Bewley. These documents, as well as the two deeds of 21st October, 1630, are now at Brayton Hall, Cumberland, in the possession of Sir Wilfrid Lawson, Bart., the present owner of the Hesket estate. In some of the county histories of Cumberland it is erroneously stated that the manor of Hesket passed to the Lawson family through Judith Bewley as heiress of William Bewley,1 but the transfer was effected by purchase as above described. As mentioned in the Chapter on the Arms of the Bewleys of Cumberland, the old seal of the Bewley family, referred to in Gilpin’s note to Denton’s “Accompt of the most considerable estates and families in the County of Cumberland,” was handed over to William Lawson on the occasion of the sale of the Hesket estate in October, 1630, and is now at Brayton. A fine portrait of Judith Lawson, née Bewley, is also at Brayton, and bears the Bewley arms impaled with those of Lawson. John Bewley, the second son of William Bewley of Hesket Hall, and uncle of Thomas Bewley, the last owner of Hesket, made his will, dated 27th March, 1632, which was proved at Carlisle on 24th April, 1638. He had a son William Bewley, mentioned in his will, who is shown by certain deeds now at Brayton, dated in 1644 and 1650, to have lived at Kirkland in the parish of Caldbeck, and to have acquired certain houses and tenements at Hesket from the Asbrigg family, which he disposed of to William Lawson of Isell. He died afterwards without male issue, and thereupon the main line of the Bewleys of Cumberland came to an end. John Bewley had a daughter Judith, also mentioned in his will, whose husband’s name was Blakiston.

1 Nicolson and Burn’s History of Cumberland, vol. ii., p. 136: Lysons’ History of Cumberland (Magna Brit. Series, vol. iv.), pp. lxix, 51: Whellan’s History of Cumberland, p. 224. See also Appendix B, post. Judith, wife of William Lawson of Isell, and daughter of William Bewley of Heskett Hall. from a portrait in the possession of Sir Wilfred Lawson, Bart at Brayton

Early History Of The Bewleys OF Cumberland 87

Thomas Bewley, brother of John Bewley, and the third son of William Bewley of Hesket Hall, was a witnss to several of the documents connected with the sale of the Hesket property. As an illustration of the latitude which then prevailed in the spelling of proper names it may be mentioned that when witnessing the conveyance of Hesket of 21st October, 1630, he signed his name “Thomas Bewley,” but that in the deed of defeasance of the same date he subscribed as “Thomas Bewlie.” He is shown by the attornment indorsed on the above mentioned deed of conveyance to have been one of the tenants of the Hesket estate. He made his will, dated 15th June, 1640 (which was proved at Carlisle, 14th July, 1640), and he left two daughters, viz. Jane, married to Mungo Bewley of Ivegill, and Mabel, married to Richard Toppin. On the extinction of the main line, the Bewleys of Woodhall became the leading representatives of the Bewleys of Cumberland, and the history of this branch will be dealt with in the next Chapter. CHAPTER V

THE BEWLEYS OF WOODHALL AND HALTCLIFF HALL.

S MENTIONED in a previous Chapter, the lands of Woodhall were at one time the demesne lands of the Amanor of Caldbeck, that is to say, the lands held by the Lord of the Manor along with his mansion house. There is evidence, however, that in the reign of Edward IV. they were subject to the tenant right custom of the manor, and it is probable that they had come into the hands of tenants before the barony of Allerdale became part of the possessions of the Earls of Northumberland. In course of time they became divided into four parts of about equal value, each of which was subject to the customary free rent of 20s. ; and one of these was afterwards subdivided into two holdings, each held at a rent of 10s. When William Bewley held the manor of Hesket in or prior to the reign of Henry VII., he would seem to have also had two of these one-fourth parts of the demesne lands of Woodhall, as well as other customary freeholds within the manor of Caldbeck. One of these divisions of Woodhall was made over by him to his eldest son Richard, and another to his second son Ralph ; and in the beginning of the reign of Queen Elizabeth Richard’s portion had come to his second son Matthew Bewley, and Ralph’s portion to his grandson George Bewley. THE BEWLEYS OF WOODHALL AND HALTCLIFFE HALL 89

The following is a translation of the portion of the survey or rental (extentus et annualis valor) of the Wharton estates, dated 15th January, i 560, now at Lowther, which relates to the lands of Woodhall :— “Demesne lands called Woodhall Richard Nicholson holds one fourth part of the demesne lands and renders thereout per annum xx8 Matthew Buyllye (Bewley) holds another fourth part of the demesne lands and renders thereout per annum xx8 George Buyllye (Bewley) holds another fourth part of the demesne lands and renders thereout per annum xx8 James Person (Pearson) holds an eighth part of the demesne lands and renders thereout per annum x8 William Richersone (Richardson) holds another eighth part of the demesne lands and renders thereout per annum x8 Total iiijli” The principal dwelling house or mansion appears to have been in Matthew Bewley’s division, and the owners of this portion in course of time acquired by purchase a considerable part of the other divisions of the demesne lands, as well as other lands in the neighbourhood within the manor. Almost the only timber worthy of notice in the extensive parish of Caldbeck is found on this part of Woodhall, and it seems to have been the only holding within what was called the territory of Woodhall that was essentially of a residential character. To prevent confusion, Matthew Bewley of Woodhall and his descendants will now be dealt with, before treating of his contemporary, neighbour, and cousin, George Bewley of Woodhall. 90 THE BEWLEYS OF WOODHALL AND HALTCLIFFE HALL

THE MAIN LINE OF THE BEWLEYS OF WOODHALL.

Matthew Bewley, as stated in a former Chapter, appeared at the Muster at Caldbeck in the reign of Henry VIII., along with his father Richard, otherwise Master Bewley. He was succeeded in his holding at Woodhall in 1588 by his son Thomas Bewley. Thomas Bewley had two children, a son, George, and a daughter, Margaret. The daughter married a George Bewley, whose relationship to the family has not been clearly made out, and the son, George, succeeded to the principal division of Woodhall on his father’s death. In 1595, when his cousin George Bewley, then the owner of the other Bewley portion of Woodhall, was twelve years of age, he obtained a letting of a moiety of the holding of the latter during his minority. When George Bewley, junior—as he may be called—attained full age this letting came to an end, and many years afterwards, when a survey of the Wharton manors was made in May, 1633, the two George Bewleys were found in occupation of their respective portions of Woodhall ; but the elder George had then got possession of additional lands within the manor, which imposed on him an additional yearly rent of 3s. 4d. above the original rent of 20s.

George Bewley, the elder, had four sons : Thomas, William, George, and Mungo, and one daughter, Jane.

Jane Bewley married one of the Asbrigg family ; and some account will now be given of the three younger sons and their descendants before referring further to Thomas Bewley, the eldest son. William Bewley settled at Penrith, and, as mentioned in the last Chapter, obtained a mortgage, dated 24th October, 1629, from Thomas Bewley of Hesket Hall of the John’s Closes in the parish of Sebergham. As the lands were not redeemed they eventually became his property in fee-simple. THE BEWLEYS OF WOODHALL AND HALTCLIFFE HALL 91

On the 7th May, 1632, William Bewley intermarried with Elizabeth, daughter of Mary Grame or Graham of Penrith. On 9th September, 1626, Mary Grame had purchased from Gerard Lowther of Dublin (afterwards Sir Gerard Lowther, Chief Justice of the Common Pleas in Ireland) the house known as Dockray Hall, Penrith, which had been the residence of Gerard Lowther of Penrith, brother of Sir Richard Lowther of Lowther,

Lord Warden of the West Marches ; and by an indenture of settlement, dated 5th May, 1632, this house was settled on Mary Grame for her life, and after her death to the use of William Bewley and his then intended wife Elizabeth, and their heirs.1 The history and a description of this interesting house will be found in a paper by Mr. George Watson on Gerard Lovther’s house, Penrith (Two Lions’ Inn), published in the Transactions of the Cumberland and Westmorland Ant. and Arch. Society, vol. I, N.S., p. 94. There were four children of this marriage, but they all died in infancy. William Bewley died in January, 1636, in the lifetime of his father ; his two surviving children, George and Judith, died in the following year ; and on 7th July, 1638, his widow, Elizabeth Bewley, married Thomas Langhorne of Penrith. George Bewley, the third son of George Bewley of Woodhall, also established himself at Penrith, and married Margaret Rap, or Rafe, on 9th October, 1645. There were two daughters issue of the marriage. Mungo Bewley, the youngest son of George Bewley, settled at Ivegill, in the parish of Hesket-in-the-Forest, and married Jane, daughter of Thomas Bewley of Hesket. He had an only son, George,2 and two daughters, Mabel and

1 See Some Notes on the Lowthers who held Judicial Office in Ireland, Edmund T. Bewley, Cumberland and Westmorland Ant. and Arch. Transactions, vol. 2, N.S., p. 13. 2 See Early Cumberland and Westmorland Friends, by R. S. Ferguson, p.153 92 THE BEWLEYS OF WOODHALL AND HALTCLIFFE HALL

Bridget. Two of his grandsons, viz : George and Daniel Bewley, emigrated to Ireland at the close of the 17th century, and some particulars concerning them are given in the next Chapter. The Ivegill branch of the Bewley family, as will be seen by the pedigree, became extinct before the end of the 18th century. George Bewley of Woodhall, the father of the above named William, George, and Mungo, is named in the Subsidy Rolls of 22 James I. and 1 Charles I. mentioned in the last Chapter. He made his will, dated 8th July, 1643, and after certain bequests to his sister Margaret and her son John, his brother-in-law George Bewley, his wife and others, the will proceeded as follows :— “Item, to my son Thomas Bewley one hundred and three score pounds which is dew at the death of Mary Grame of Penrith, dew to be paid by the heires of Dockrey hail in Penrith” and the Testator directed his son Thomas to keep this money in hand for four years, and then to pay thereout the legacies therein mentioned ; and he appointed his sons Thomas, George, and Mungo joint executors. George Bewley, the Testator, died shortly afterwards, and by an indenture, dated 7th May, 1659, made between Thomas Bewley of Woodhall in the parish of Caldbeck and County of Cumberland, and Mungo Bewley his brother of Ivegillhead in the parish of Hesket in the same county of the one part, and the above mentioned Thomas Langhorne of the other part, the capital messuage and tenement called Dockray Hall in Penrith was conveyed to Thomas Langhorne in fee-simple. Thomas Bewley, the eldest son of George Bewley of Woodhall, was destined to have a most important influence on the family fortunes for the reasons subsequently mentioned. He married a wife named Dorothy, and in the year 1641—in his father’s lifetime—he bought from John THE BEWLEYS OF WOODHALL AND HALTCLIFFE HALL 93

Salkeld of Threapland, in Cumberland, for the sum of £300, a freehold house and lands at Haltcliffe, in the parish of Caldbeck, situate about a mile from Woodhall. These lands, which were held in fee-simple, and were within the barony of Greystoke, were conveyed to Thomas Bewley by John Salkeld and Mary his wife by an indenture dated 31st March, 1641; and for the purpose of the sale a fine was also levied by the parties in Easter Term, 17 Chas. I. (1641). On the death and failure of issue of his brother William Bewley of Penrith, the John’s Closes in the territories of Newlands, and parish of Sebergham, already referred to, passed to Thomas Bewley as heir-at-law. On the death of his father George Bewley, Thomas Bewley succeeded to the house and lands of \Voodhall, of customary freehold tenure. In 1653 he rebuilt the mansion house at Haltcliffe, which thenceforth came to be known as Haltcliffe Hall, and the following inscription on a stone over the front entrance to the Hall records the event :—

B BVILT THE HALL T D 1653 In this the B at the beginning stands for Bewley, and the T and D are the initials of the Christian names of Thomas Bewley and his wife Dorothy. There were three children of the marriage of Thomas Bewley, viz.: two sons, George and Thomas, and a daughter Mary. George Bewley, the eldest son, married Elizabeth Stordy, not long after the building of Haltcliffe Hall, and he most likely continued to live there along with his father. In January, 1657, Thomas Bewley, the second son, married Margaret, daughter of Thomas Mark of Mosedale in the parish of Caldbeck, and he and his wife took up their residence at Woodhall. 94 THE BEWLEYS OF WOODHALL AND HALTCLIFFE HALL

Mary, the daughter, married on 8th April, 1658, Thomas Mark, jun., of Mosedale. In November, 1661, Thomas Bevley, the elder, transferred the Woodhall property to his second son, reserving, however, for himself and his wife, certain interests during their respective lives. The following is the entry of the transaction in the Court Rolls of the Manor of Caldbeck :— “12th November, 1661. Thomas Bewley, upon the surrender of Thomas Bewley his father, is admitted tenant of a messuage and tenement with the appurtenances situate at Woodhall, late in the possession of the said Thomas the father, and also two closes of arable and meadow ground lying in Hesket Huttonsceugh, called and known by the name of Scott Close and Brackenriggs, of the annual or yearly rent of xxiij8, and he is to pay a fine for the same xili x8 at Pentecost and Martinmas next, by equal portions : Provided that the said Thomas the father have occupation of the moiety of the said messuage and tenement, and the occupation of both the said closes during his life natural, and Dorothy his wife her widow- right forth of all the said premises during her pure widowhood, if she survives the said Thomas her husband.” In 1648, George Fox, the founder of the Society of Friends, commenced his career of itinerant preaching, and in 1653—the year in which Haltcliffe Hall was built—he visited Cumberland. Thomas Bewley of Haltcliffe Hall was deeply impressed by his teaching, and became at once one of his most enthusiastic followers. The following references to Thomas Bewley are taken from George Fox’s Journal, published in 1694. After referring to other matters that occurred in 1653, he states, at page 1081 :— “From the aforesaid village we came up to Thomas Bewley’s, near Coldbeck, and from thence, having had some service for the Lord there, I passed to a market town, where I had a meeting at the cross.” 1 Edition of 1852, vol. i., p. 157 THE BEWLEYS OF WOODHALL AND HALTCLIFFE HALL 95

In the same year George Fox was imprisoned at Carlisle, and at page 1181 he says :— “Now after I was set at liberty, I went to Thomas Bewley’s, where there came a Baptist to oppose me ; and he was convinced.” In a subsequent part of the Journal, when narrating the events that happened ten years later, in 1663, he states, at 2 page 270 : “When I had visited Friends in those parts ...... I passed through Northumberland and came into Cumberland to old Thomas Bewley’s. And Friends came about me and said, ‘Would I come there to go into prison?’ For there was great persecution in that country at that time : yet I had a general meeting at Thomas Bewley’s which was large and precious.”

3 He is here called old Thomas Bewley, to distinguish him from his son Thomas, who was then married and living at Woodhall. Tradition represents George Fox as having remained for some time, either on this or another occasion, at

Woodhall ; and the room occupied by him at Woodhall is still pointed out. As zealous adherents of George Fox, old Thomas Bewley, and his sons George and Thomas, refused to pay tithes, and, in addition to having their goods distrained, they were, with many other members of the Society of Friends, prosecuted and imprisoned. There are several references to them in Joseph Besse’s book, entitled, “A Collection of the Sufferings of the people called Quakers” (London, 1753). In vol. I, p. 130, under the date of 1663, it is stated :— “Thomas Bewley, after frequent seizures of his goods for tithes, was this year, on an Exchequer process, committed to prison at Carlisle, where he lay near three years. In this year also seizures were made. . . . on Thomas Bewley the younger to the value of £11 for a claim of £2 18s. for tithes.” 1 Edition of 1852, vol. i., p. i66. 2 ibid., vol. ii., p. 10. 3 See Ferguson’s Early Cumberland and Westmorland Friends, p. 153. 96 THE BEWLEYS OF WOODHALL AND HALTCLIFFE HALL

In the same volume, at page 132 :— “Anno 1673. Thomas Bewley of Hatcliff-Hall, aged about 78, was prosecuted by Arthur Savage, priest, for £3 prescription money, and had taken from him his feather-bed, bed-clothes, and a cupboard worth £5. The hardship of the poor old man’s case so affected the neighbourhood with compassion, that when the bayliff exposed those goods to sale, nobody would buy them at any rate ; whereupon the priest sued the bayliff, and made him pay both his demand and his costs.” The priest referred to was the Rev. Arthur Savage, then incumbent of the parish of Caldbeck. In the same page appears :— “Anno 1674. On the 1st of November, this year, the same priest again prosecuted the said Thomas Bewley for tithe of wool, lambs, &c., and, notwithstanding his very great age, sent him to prison.” “Anno 1676. On the 20th of the month called January, this year, Thomas Bewley, son of old Thomas Bewley aforesaid, and Alice Nicholson of Woodhouse, widow, were committed to prison on an

Exchequer process, at the suit of Arthur Savage, priest of Coldbeck : at which time also George Bewley, an elder son of the same ancient man, was detained in prison by the same priest, where he had then lain about two years.” At page 133 of the same volume: “Anno 1682. On the 20th of the month called April, this year, the following persons were continuing prisoners for tithe, at the suit of Arthur Savage, priest of Caldbeck, viz. :—Thomas Bewley and Alice Nicholson who had been prisoners five years and three months...... In this year were discharged out of prison ...... and George Bewley, who had lain in prison more than five years, at the suit of Arthur Savage, priest of Caldbeck.” The names of Thomas Bewley of Haltcliffe Hall, and of his second son, Thomas Bewley of Woodhall, are amongst those appearing in the Hearth Tax Rolls of 14 Chas. II. (1662), 22 Chas. II. (1671), and 25 Chas. II. (1674). As THE BEWLEYS OF WOODHALL AND HALTCLIFFE HALL 97 the name of George Bewley is not found in these Rolls, it appears clear that his father then retained the ownership of Haltcliffe Hall. George Bewley, however, must have acquired either portion of the Haltcliffe Hall estate or other lands prior to 1674, as otherwise he could not have been prosecuted for non-payment of tithes at that date. Thomas Bewley of Haltcliffe Hall died in the month of December, 1680, and was buried at the Friends’ burying ground at Whelpo near Caldbeck on 11th December, 1680. In the old Register of the Caldbeck Meeting of the Society of

Friends now in Somerset House, London, this entry appears : “Upon ye 11th day of ye 10th month in the yeare 1680 was the buryell of Thomas Bulye of Hatlaye.” In the Caldbeck Parish

Register the burial is thus recorded : “1680 Dec. 14. Thos. Bewley of Haltcliffe Hall buried at Whelpo.” As Thomas Bewley was not buried in the churchyard, and the last mentioned entry was not made in pursuance of any legal obligation, the date given in the Friends’ Register is likely to be the correct one. Dorothy Bewley, the widow of Thomas Bewley, seems to have been buried in Caldbeck parish churchyard ; and the entry in the Parish Register gives the date of the burial as 21st May, 1682. On the death of old Thomas Bewley, George Bewley his eldest son succeeded to the Haltcliffe Hall estate, including the John’s Closes, to which reference has been more than once made. He added to or improved the mansion house in 1687 and 1690, and in the front of the house is a stone inscribed GB EB 1687 and above the entrance door is the inscription GB EB 1690 The initials are, of course, those of himself and his wife. H 98 THE BEWLEYS OF WOODHALL AND HALTCLIFFE HALL

In January, 1684, he acquired, by an exchange from Lancelot Simpson, the house called Woodhouse, with a considerable quantity of land attached, held in fee-simple. Woodhouse, which is still an interesting old dwelling house, is situate within the manor and parish of Caldbeck in the immediate neighbourhood of Haltcliffe Hall, and it became from this date portion of the Haltcliffe Hall estate. The further history of the Bewleys of Haltcliffe Hall may be briefly summarised. George Bewley was succeeded by his eldest son George, who married Sarah Rawlinson—who, like himself, was a member of the Society of Friends—and he was succeeded by his only son Thomas, who married, but had no children. Thomas Bewley took to the profession of medicine at Cockermouth, and by his will, dated 29th August, 1746, he devised all his lands and hereditaments in the parish of Caldbeck to his nephew James Blaykling of Manchester, second son of his sister Hannah Blaykling, charged with an annuity of £20 per annum to his wife Frances Bewley during her life. He died in 1758, and his will was proved at York on 21st June, 1758. He had evidently forgotten that the John’s Closes, long held as part of the Haltcliffe Hall estate, were in the parish of Sebergham, and not in Caldbeck. Being undisposed of by his will they passed to his heir-at-law Thomas Blaykling, the eldest son of his sister Hannah. By deeds of lease and release, dated respectively the 8th and 9th October, 1767, Thomas and James Blaykling, in consideration of £2000, conveyed the entire estate to Joshua Lucock, Esq., of Cockermouth ; and the connection of the Bewley family with Haltcliffe Hall then came to an end. Returning now to Thomas Bewley of Woodhall, the second son of “old Thomas Bewley” of Haltcliffe Hall, considerable difficulty was experienced in ascertaining the THE BEWLEYS OF WOODHALL AND HALTCLIFFE HALL 99 surname and parentage of his wife Margaret. The old Register of Caldbeck Meeting of the Society of Friends was not forthcoming when the other Registers of that district were lodged in the Office of the Registrar-General at Somerset House, London, in 1833 or 1834. It was discovered, however, in 1857 and duly lodged on the 12th February in that year ; but it was then in a ragged and mutilated condition, and in many places the corners and other portions of the pages are so frayed or torn that only parts of the original entries now remain. There is ample evidence that for a long time there was a Meeting of the Society of Friends at Woodhall, but none of the books belonging to the Meeting have been found. The old Caldbeck Register purports to contain entries of births from 1653 to 1743 ; of marriages from 1656 to 1732

; and of burials from 1655 to 1740 ; but it is evident from the erratic way in which the entries have been made, that it was not kept by any responsible official, and that the entries were frequently made from memory at long intervals. There is no reference to any Meeting house until 1699, when “Whelpo Meeting House” is first mentioned. “Caldbecke Meeting House” is referred to in 1703 and 1711, but is probably the same as Whelpo. For upwards of 40 years the Meetings took place at the houses of some of the members of the Society of Friends, and down even to 1713 marriages were almost invariably solemnised in some private house. For example, the marriage of Mary Bewley, the daughter of Thomas and Margaret Bewley of Woodhall, with Thomas Wilson, in 1694, took place at Haltcliffe Hall. Thomas Priestman was married to Jane Priestman at Thomas Bewley’s at Woodhall in 1688 ; and William Greenup and Anna Gill were married at Samuel Bewley’s at Hallfield in 1706. The entry of the marriage of Thomas Bewley was in the left hand top corner of the outer half of a leaf of the H2 100 THE BEWLEYS OF WOODHALL AND HALTCLIFFE HALL

Register, and all that remains of it presents this appearance :—

...... 1 month 57 ...... age of Tho. Bewley ...... wife at Hugh ...... kemire in ye ...... hese witnesses and Another entry of a marriage at ...... Patrickson Patrickson a much later date occupies ...... Pearson this Pearson portion of the page...... Slee ...... Peacock ...... mas Scott ...... hn Sympson

The dots indicate the parts the page that have been frayed off. The solution to the puzzle is, however, afforded by the will of Thomas Mark the elder, of Mosedale, in the parish of Caldbeck, dated 20th January, 1680, whereby amongst other bequests he gave to his grandchild Thomas Bewley one ewe lamb, and to his grandchild Mungo Bewley one ewe lamb. The two younger sons of Thomas and Margaret Bewley of Woodhall were Thomas, born 23rd Oct., 1673, and Mungo, born 3rd June, 1677, and as there were no other Thomas and Mungo Bewley in this locality in 1680 to answer the description of the legatees named in the above will, it is evident that Margaret Bewley was a daughter of Thomas Mark. He was member of the Society of Friends, and like the Bewleys of \Voodhall had suffered fines and imprisonment for conscience sake. His son, Thomas Mark, junior, married Mary Bewley sister of Thomas Bewley of Woodhall on 8th April, 1658, and it thus appears that a brother and sister of the one family married a sister and brother of the other. In 1669 Thomas Bewley rebuilt the mansion house of Woodhall, and over the entrance door is a stone THE BEWLEYS OF WOODHALL AND HALTCLIFFE HALL 101 inscribed with the date and the initials of himself and his wife, viz: T. B. M. B. 1669. This is the house marked as Woodhall on the Ordnance Survey maps. There were nine children issue of the marriage of Thomas Bewley of Woodhall and Margaret Mark, viz: 1. John. 2. Mary. 3. Joshua. 4. Sarah. 5. George. 6. Joseph. 7. Richard. 8. Thomas. 9. Mungo. The eldest of these children was born about 1658, and the youngest in 1677. Thomas Bewley, the father, was committed to prison at Carlisle for non-payment of tithes about four or five months before Mungo was born, and he did not see the child until he was nearly five years old. Margaret Bewley, the wife of Thomas Bewley of Woodhall, died in February, 1681, and her burial at Whelpo on the 18th of that month is recorded both in the Caldbeck Parish Register and the Register of Caldbeck Meeting. Thomas Bewley died in May, 1693, and was buried on the 26th of May at Whelpo. Of John Bewley, the eldest son of Thomas and Margaret Bewley, we know very little. He must have succeeded his father at Woodhall in 1693, but the Court Rolls of the Manor of Caldbeck of this date are not forthcoming. He married a wife whose Christian name was Ann. There were three children of the marriage, viz : Sarah, Mabel, and Sarah. The burial of the first, the baptism and burial of the second, and the baptism of the third are recorded in the Caldbeck Parish Register, and it may therefore be assumed that John, differing in this respect from the majority of his family, was a member of the Church of 102 THE BEWLEYS OF WOODHALL AND HALTCLIFFE HALL

England. His burial is registered in the Caldbeck Parish Register on 4th June, 1703, and under the date of 10th September, 1703, the baptism of “Sarah daughter of John Bewley of Woodhall” appears in the Register. In the transcript of the Parish Register in the Diocesan Registry the words “and Ann his wife” are found after the word Woodhall. This child must have died in the following year, as in 1704 George Bewley, the second son of Thomas and Margaret Bewley, returned from Ireland (whither he had emigrated shortly after his father’s death), and entered into possession of Woodhall. George Bewley married first a wife named Lucy, but she died in giving birth to a son (who was named Thomas), and was buried on 23rd July, 1692, at Whelpo. Of George’s second marriage and its issue, and of his sister Mary, and his brothers Thomas and Mungo, an account is given in the Chapter on the Irish Bewleys. All the knowledge we have of his other brothers and sister appears sufficiently in the Pedigree. Of Richard, indeed, we know but little except his will, and of Joseph even less. A pedigree of the descendants of Joseph has been compiled from parish registers, Court Rolls, and other materials, but it cannot be pronounced wholly satisfactory. Thomas Bewley, the eldest son of George, was born on 18th July, 1692, and on 4th March, 1711—being then under twenty years of age—he married Elizabeth, daughter of Charles Alsopp of Broadwood Hall, East Annandale, Northumberland. The marriage was solemnised in the Friends’ Meeting at Burnfoot, East Annandale, and amongst those who were present and signed the certificate of marriage was George Bewley, the father of the bridegroom. George Bewley appears to have made over his interest in Woodhall to his son Thomas prior to this marriage. He is described in the marriage certificate as “George THE BEWLEYS OF WOODHALL AND HALTCLIFFE HALL 103

Bewley, late of Woodhall in the parish of Caldbeck and County of Cumberland,” and in subsequent dealings with Woodhall, his son Thomas Bewley appears as the owner. Of George Bewley’s further history nothing is known, save that he died on 20th January, 1749, at Roosk, near Edenderry, King’s County, the residence of his son Richard. There was issue of the marriage of Thomas Bewley and Elizabeth Alsopp a son, Thomas, born on 17th February, 1713, and two daughters, Sarah and Abigail, of whom the latter seems to have died young. Thomas Bewley prospered in his circumstances, and from an early age occupied a position of some importance in the district. He was selected to act as Deputy Steward of the Manor of Caldbeck for the Duke of Wharton, the Lord of the Manor, in November, 1718, and on many subsequent occasions he filled the office of Deputy Steward or Steward at the Courts of the Manor. In October, 1717, he acquired a substantial part of the Nicholson division of Woodhall, but for some reason that cannot now be explained, his daughter Sarah, then an infant of tender years, was admitted as the tenant, subject to a proviso that Thomas Bewley, her father, should have the occupation of the premises during his life. Thomas Bewley afterwards obtained a transfer of other parts of the Nicholson division, as also a large part of the Richardson division of Woodhall. In one case Thomas Bewley the younger, the son, was made the tenant, but life interests were reserved to Thomas Bewley the elder and Elizabeth his wife, by whom—as stated in the admittance— the purchase money had been paid. Other portion of Woodhall, of which Joseph Scott had been tenant, was also acquired by Thomas Bewley the younger in his father’s lifetime ; and the large holding, of which his sister Sarah had been admitted as tenant, was purchased from her by him a short time before this. 104 THE BEWLEYS OF WOODHALL AND HALTCLIFFE HALL

Sarah Bewley afterwards married Edward Harrison, and was the mother of a numerous family. Thomas Bewley, the elder, made his will dated 15th July, 1747, and thereby bequeathed to his son Thomas Bewley all his stock of sheep ; to his son-in-law Edward Harrison,

£20 ; and to his daughter Sarah Harrison, £400. To his grandchildren living at his death, £100 each ; and the residue of his personal estate to his loving wife Elizabeth Bewley, whom he appointed sole executrix. He died on 29th January, 1747, and his will was proved at Carlisle on the 6th February, 1747. Elizabeth Bewley seems to have become the owner of a house in Kendal, then called Kirkby-Kendal, for by her will dated 19th June, 1752, she devised to the trustees therein named her burgage house, messuage, and tenement on the east side of Highgate in Kirkby-Kendal, in trust for her grandchildren Thomas, Mary, Edward, George, and Richard Harrison. She died on 9th January, 1762, and her will was proved at Carlisle on the 21st of that month. Thomas Bewley, the younger, succeeded to the Woodhail estate on his father’s death. He married Rachel, daughter of John Greenup, of Greenrigg, in the parish of Caldbeck, on 29th April, 1747, at Whelpo Meeting. He seems to have corresponded from time to time with Daniel Bewley, of Dublin, and a letter to him from the latter will be found in the next Chapter.

He had but two children : George, born 26th November, 1749, who eventually succeeded him at Woodhall, and Elizabeth, who died in infancy. George Bewley was probably educated at the school established by the Society of Friends in Kendal towards the end of the seventeenth century. In 1772, the School Committee erected a new school-house in the Stramongate, Kendal, and reorganized the school on a broader basis. THE BEWLEYS OF WOODHALL AND HALTCLIFFE HALL 105

George Bewley was then appointed head-master, and under his direction and teaching the school became most successful. The late Dr. Gough, in the memoir of his father John Gough, the blind philosopher, contained in Cornelius Nicholson’s “Annals of Kendal,” speaks of George Bewley as “a man of superior mind and a good classic,” and his contemporaries had a high estimate of his ability. Some papers that have come to the present writer from America, which had been preserved by the descendants of a Lancashire friend and correspondent of George Bewley, prove that he was proficient in the higher branches of Mathematics, and took an interest in solving the problems propounded in some of the principal mathematical publications of the day. On 16th September, 1773, he married Anne Tipping of Soulby, by whom he had seven children, whose names will be found in the Pedigree. An outlying portion of the Woodhall estate, containing about 88 acres, was sold by him and his father in July, 1773, and a copy of the printed notice of the intended sale is in the possession of the writer of this volume. On the back of the original letter from Daniel Bewley of Dublin to Thomas Bewley of Woodhall, before referred to, are some notes made by George Bewley shortly after this sale, which show an intention of building and furnishing a new house with part of the proceeds of the sale. A copy of the prospectus of Kendal School, issued on the appointment of George Bewley, will be found in J. F. Curwen’s “Kirkbie-Kendal,”1 which also contains much interesting information concerning the School. In 1781 John Dalton, a son of Joseph Dalton of Cocker- mouth by his wife Deborah Greenup, and a first cousin of George Bewley, came to the school partly as a pupil and partly as a teacher, and in a short time, under George

1 Pages 403—4. By a misprint the date is given as 1722 instead of 1772. 106 THE BEWLEYS OF WOODHALL AND HALTCLIFFE HALL

Bewley’s instruction, made great progress in Mathematics and Natural Philosophy. George Bewley retired in 1785, and thereupon John Dalton and his elder brother Jonathan jointly undertook the management of the School. Of the further career of John Dalton it is enough to say that he became one of the greatest physicists of the age, and the founder of the atomic theory in Chemistry. Another distinguished pupil of George Bewley was John Gough of Kendal, “the blind philosopher,” referred to by Wordsworth in “The Excursion”; and both in his case and in that of Dalton some small portion of the eminence they afterwards attained may be attributed to the stimulus given by George Bewley’s teaching.1 George Bewley’s father Thomas Bewley died on 27th November, 1793, and he thereupon became the owner of the Woodhall estate. Unfortunately, however, he was not content to devote himself merely to farming, as his immediate predecessors had done. He embarked in a manufacturing business in Whitehaven, for which capital of course was required. To raise this, he mortgaged the Woodhall estate in May, 1808, to Mrs. Susan Wood for £1000. In December, 1816, either his business or the necessities of a growing up family led him to effect a further mortgage of the estate in favour of Thomas Stordy for £480, and in January, 1823, a mortgage was given to John Nichols for £300. His business was not very successful, and on 10th April, 1823, he conveyed all the premises comprised in these three mortgages to Richard Addison as a trustee, upon trust to permit George Bewley to occupy them during his life, and subject thereto upon trust to sell the same as he should by deed or will direct, and out of the proceeds of the sale to pay the mortgage debts and all

1 See the article in the Encyc1opedia Britannica on John Dalton, and that in the Dictionary of National Biography on John Gough. THE BEWLEYS OF WOODHALL AND HALTCLIFFE HALL 107 his other debts, and to hold the residue upon the trusts therein mentioned. George Bewley made his will, dated 29th June, 1827, and thereby bequeathed certain pecuniary legacies to his children and grandchildren. His wife had died in April, 1822 ; and he died on 15th August, 1828, and his will was proved at Carlisle on 20th December, 1828. Richard Addison, the trustee of the deed of the 10th April, 1823, failed to effect a sale of the Woodhall estate, and by an indenture, dated 19th February, 1830, he and the other persons beneficially interested, in consideration of a sum of £2000, conveyed it by way of mortgage to John Preston, his heirs and assigns for ever. The moneys so raised were applied in discharging the prior mortgages and other debts, and as no funds were forthcoming to redeem this last-mentioned mortgage, the lands comprised in it were sold by the mortgagee in March, 1833, to John Jennings, Esq. Thus Woodhall passed away finally from the Bewley family. From the date of the Rental or Survey of the Wharton estates in which Matthew Bewley appears as a tenant of Woodhall, to the admission of Mr. John Jennings as a tenant of the same lands with the additions made thereto from time to time, is a period of 273 years, but as the connection of the Bewleys with Woodhall probably commenced in the reign of Edward IV., there are grounds for believing that their ownership lasted for over 350 years.

THE JUNIOR BRANCH OF THE BEWLEYS OF WOODHALL.

We now go back to Elizabethan times when George Bewley, son of Christopher Bewley (the eldest son of Ralph Bewley) was tenant of one of the divisions of the demesne lands of Woodhall. There was a house on this division also, but the holding was in the nature of an ordinary farm. 108 THE BEWLEYS OF WOODHALL AND HALTCLIFFE HALL

George Bewley had a wife named Janet, and they were parents of the following children :—

1. William. 2. Leonard. 3. John. 4. Mungo. 5. Barbara. 6. Jane. George Bewley’s will, which is undated, is in its material portions as follows :—

“Item. I geve the good will of my ffarmehold by the licence of the lord unto Willm. Bewlye my eldest sonne with all my husbandry geere and ryding geere. Also my mind is if that I dye at this present that my wife shall occupye the whole ffarmhold for the space of ffyve years next after the dait hereof, payinge the hinderend of my gressome that is now dew to my Lord. Item. I give to my Sonne Willm. one young bull to sell forward for the paiement of his gressome. Item. The rest of all my goods moveable and unmoveable, my dettes payd and funerall expenses discharged, I geve and bequeathe to Janet my wife, to Leonard, John and Monngay my sonnes, and to Barbarye and Janne my doughters, whom I mack my sole and hole executors. Witnesses hereof Rychard Nicolson, Thomas Bewly, Wilim. Rytson and Cuthbert Nicolson with these supervisors of my will Munga Scoot, Jhon. Monkus, John Scoot, Rauffe Bewly, Ryc4 Nicolson, Thomas Bewly, junr, and Willm. Rytson, junr.”

This is given more as an example of the language and spelling of the period than for any other purpose. The gressome referred to was the fine payable to the Lord of the Manor on the death of the lord or a change of tenant by death or otherwise. The “hinderend” due was probably the second instalment of the fine payable on the death of Thomas, second Lord Wharton, in 1572. Supervisors were often appointed at this period to look after the executors and see that they discharged the Testator’s debts and funeral expenses and paid the legacies given by his will. The “Rauffe Bewley” named as one of the supervisors was Ralph, the brother of the Testator. THE BEWLEYS OF WOODHALL AND HALTCLIFFE HALL 109

George Bewley died sometime in 1578, and on 4th June, 1578, probate of his will was granted at Carlisle to his widow Janet Bewley, reserving the rights of the other executors, all of whom were then minors. At the Court of the Manor held on 25th April, 1580, William Bewley, the eldest son of the Testator, under the name of “Willm. Bewlaie,” was duly admitted tenant of his father’s tenement of 20s. rent, “and ys to pay for ffyne jjjjli whereof at Pent. 1580, xl8 and at M’tynmas next after, other xl8.” A note appended shows that he was let off with this small fine in consequence of the fine due by his father having been paid since his death. William Bewley married a wife named Sybil, and they appear to have had an only child, George Bewley, who was born in 1583. William Bewley made his will, dated 23rd January, 1584, and thereby made certain small bequests in favour of his uncle Ralph Bewley, and his uncle’s son Ralph, and bequeathed to his son George Bewley all his husbandry gear and ridings, and gave the residue of his goods, &c., to Sybil his wife and George his son, whom he appointed his sole executors. He died shortly afterwards, and probate of his will was granted at Carlisle to his widow Sybil Bewley on 10th February, 1584. At a Manor Court held on 25th November, 1585, “George Bewlay” son of “Wm. Bewlay” deceased, aged two years or thereabouts, was admitted tenant of his father’s tenement of

20s. rent and was to pay fine £4 ; Sybil “Bewlay” widow, and wife of William deceased, to have the occupation during the tenant’s minority “and hath libertie to mary to ye tent during yt tyme, for which she is to paye fyne other iiijli.” Sybil Bewley was apparently unable to carry on the farming, for at a Court held on 26th April, 1586, Mungo 110 THE BEWLEYS OF WOODHALL AND HALTCLIFFE HALL

Asbrigg obtained a licence to have the occupation of the holding during George Bewley’s minority, on the terms of paying a fine of 40s. in addition to the tenant’s fine of £4, and £4 for Sybil’s occupation. This right of occupation became subsequently vested in Mungo Nicolson (for whom Mungo Asbrigg may have been a trustee) and at a Manor Court held on 16th Oct., 1595, Mungo Nicolson obtained licence to demise and let to George Bewley, son of Thomas Bewley, one half or moiety of a tenement lying at Woodhall of which George Bewley, son of William Bewley, was admitted tenant, to occupy the said half tenement during the minority of the said George. When George Bewley attained full age he obtained possession of his holding, and he subsequently married a wife named Margaret. Of this marriage there was issue four children, viz : William, Thomas, Jane, and Margaret. William married Jane, daughter of Christopher Stockdaill of Branthwaite, in the parish of Caldbeck, but died without issue in his father’s lifetime ; and Jane married William Coldman. Thomas also married, but the name of his wife has not been ascertained. George Bewley made his will, dated the 21st May, 1663, and thereby gave his wife a life interest in all his personal estate, and after her death bequeathed one-half of it to his daughter Jane, and the other half in equal shares between his daughter Margaret and his granddaughter Ann Coldman, daughter of his daughter Jane. And after expressing a desire that when he was gone all things might remain without strife and contention, he stated an agreement entered into on the marriage of his eldest son William, lately deceased, with Jane Stockdaill, daughter of Christopher Stockdaill, of Branthwaite, by which it was agreed that his son William and Jane Stockdaill were to have half of his messuage and tenement lying within the THE BEWLEYS OF WOODHALL AND HALTCLIFFE HALL 111 territories of Woodhall in possession, and that if his son William should happen to die before he was tenant of the whole messuage and tenement, then his wife Jane should have her third of the whole messuage and tenement above mentioned during her pure widowhood, as if he had been admitted tenant of the same. George Bewley died in August, 1663, and was buried on the 12th of that month in Caldbeck churchyard. His wife predeceased him, and was also buried in Caldbeck churchyard on 10th June, 1663. This branch of the Bewleys of Woodhall does not appear to have joined the Society of Friends. On the death of George Bewley, his holding at Woodhall passed to his surviving son Thomas Bewley, subject to the rights of Jane Bewley, the widow of his deceased brother William. In the book of the proceedings of the Caldbeck Vestry the name of this Thomas Bewley of Woodhall appears on several occasions. He was a churchwarden in 1674, and he was a borrower of sums from the church stock in Nov., 1674, May, 1676, and June, 1679. The Caldbeck Parish Register records the baptism of a daughter of his named Mary on 11th April, 1675, and her burial on 9th May, 1675. The burial of a “Mary Bewley of Woodhall,” found in the Register under the date of 22nd June, 1665, may either have been that of another daughter or of a former wife. The Parish Register for 1683 contains an entry of the burial of Thomas Bewley on 8th July ; and that for 1688, entries of the burial of a Thomas Bewley on 2nd April, and of another Thomas Bewley on I5th November. One of these was no doubt the Thomas Bewley in question. On his death his holding went to strangers, and thenceforth the Bewleys of the main Woodhall line were the only members of the family that held any lands in Woodhall. In September, 1613, when the deed commuting arbitrary 112 THE BEWLEYS OF WOODHALL AND HALTCLIFFE HALL into fixed fines in the Manor of Caldbeck was executed, there were nine members of the Bewley family amongst the tenants of the manor. They were either “statesmen”— as yeomen tenants of customary freeholds were locally called—or of higher rank. In 1733 the Bewley tenants within the manor were seven in number : in 1749 they had fallen to four : in 1773 to three ; and in 1795 George Bewley of Woodhall was the sole representative of the family. After his death no Bewley is found in the Court Rolls of the manor. The Rev. S. Baring-Gould, in “Old Country Life,” and the Rev. John Woodward, in” Heraldry British and Foreign” (vol. II., App. K), have given some remarkable statistics as to the extinction of the families of the smaller gentry in various parts of England. Of 124 Devonshire families, whose arms and pedigrees were recorded at the Visitation of 1620, no less than I 13 appear to be now extinct in the male line. Of the 195 families whose pedigrees, &c., are recorded in the Berkshire Visitation of 1694, few survive in their original position. In 1601 there were 90 gentle families in the County of Buckingham, and by 1824, 87 of them were extinct as landowners. Various causes contributed to the crumbling away of small estates ; increased taxation on land ; fall in agricultural prices; and the great development of manufactures, mining, and trade. But whatever the causes may have been, the Bewleys of Cumberland shared the fate of the smaller armigerous landowners in England. We have seen how the Brayton, Hesket, Haltcliffe Hall, and Woodhall estates passed away successively from the family, and at the present day, although the name of Bewley may be found in some of the towns and villages in Cumberland, it is almost unknown amongst the holders of land in the county.

CHAPTER VI

THE IRISH BEWLEYS

OWARDS the end of the seventeenth century, after the passing of the Toleration Act (1 Will. & Mary, c. T18), and when the settlement then being carried out in Ireland offered advantages to Protestants, many members of the Society of Friends in Cumberland emigrated to Ireland. Amongst these were three of the sons of Thomas Bewley of

Woodhall and Margaret his wife, viz. : George, Thomas, and Mungo, and their second cousins George and Daniel Bewley, sons of George Bewley of Ivegill by his second wife, Mary Bowman. Mary Bewley, a daughter of Thomas and Margaret Bewley of Woodhall, married Thomas Wilson of Soulby in Cumberland in 1694, and in the same year she and her husband came to Ireland and settled near Edenderry in the King’s County. He was an active and distinguished minister of the Society of Friends, and had visited Ireland several times before his marriage.1 In this way the greater portion of the Woodhall family and a substantial contingent from the Ivegill family were transplanted to Irish soil. The first of the Woodhall Bewleys to cross the sea was Thomas Bewley, the third surviving son, who settled in Dublin in 1687. George Bewley, the second surviving son,

1 Rutty’s History of the Rise and Progress of the People called Quakers (2nd ed., London, 1800), p. 301. 114 THE IRISH BEWLEYS came in 1694—not long after his father’s death—and settled at Knock near Edenderry in the King’s County ; and Mungo Bewley, the youngest son, followed in 1700, and established himself at Edenderry near to his brother George. George Bewley of Ivegill arrived in Dublin in 1698, and after remaining there for some years, ultimately settled in Cork in 1706. His brother Daniel took up his abode in Dublin, where he became a successful timber merchant. All the Bewleys at present resident in Ireland are descendants of Mungo Bewley, the youngest son of Thomas and Margaret Bewley of Woodhall, but before referring further to him, some account will be given of the other Irish stocks. Thomas Bewley of Dublin married Mary Low, daughter of William and Catherine Low of Chester on 6th May, 1701.

There were nine children issue of the marriage, viz. : two sons and seven daughters, but both sons died in infancy, and on the death of Thomas Bewley and the death or marriage of his daughters this branch of the Bewleys became extinct. George Bewley of Knock, King’s County, had lost his first wife Lucy before he emigrated to Ireland ; and by her he had an only child Thomas. He married secondly Isabella Scott of Kishawanny near Edenderry on 25th September, 1695, and of this marriage there was issue one son, Richard, and four daughters. John Bewley, the eldest son of Thomas and Margaret

Bewley of Woodhall, died in 1703 ; and in 1704 George Bewley returned with his family to Cumberland, and entered into possession of the Woodhall estate. Thomas Bewley, his eldest son, married at the early age of 19, and the line of the Woodhall Bewleys was continued through him.1

1 See p. 102, ante. THE IRISH BEWLEYS 115 Richard Bewley, George Bewley’s son by his second marriage, returned to the place of his birth, and took up his residence at Roosk near Edenderry, King’s County. On 23rd August, 1732, he married Sarah, daughter of Ephraim and Elizabeth Heritage of Ballymacwilliam, King’s County, and there were ten children of the marriage, viz. : four sons and six daughters. George, the eldest son, married and had an only son who died in infancy ; Thomas the second son, who married Mary, daughter of John and Anne Garrett of Cork, had but one son, who died unmarried ; Ephraim the third son married, but had no son ; and Mungo the youngest son died unmarried at the age of 18. Thus this branch of the Irish Bewleys came to an end on the death of the last mentioned George Bewley in 1812. George Bewley of Cork, of the Ivegill branch of the Bewleys, married on 16th April, 1713, Blessing, daughter of William and Blessing Fennell of Youghal, Co. Cork. There were five children of the marriage, viz. : three sons and two daughters, but two of the sons died in infancy and the third in childhood. George Bewley became a prominent Minister and elder in the

Society of Friends : he died in 1749, and a narrative of his Christian experiences, written by himself was published in Dublin in 1750 by order of the National half year’s meeting of the Society held in Dublin in May of that year. Daniel Bewley of Dublin, brother of the last mentioned George Bewley, married twice. His first wife was Ellen Barcroft, widow, daughter of Joseph and Elizabeth Inman, and by her he had two sons, George and Daniel, and two daughters. His second wife was Hannah, daughter of John Harris of Mountrath, Queen’s County, and of this marriage there was issue two daughters, viz : Sarah, who married John Clibborn, and Hannah, who married Amos Strettle, a Dublin merchant. 12 116 THE IRISH BEWLEYS

Daniel Bewley’s marriage with Hannah Harris took place at Mountrath on 14th June, 1733, and was evidently a great event in the locality, as the marriage certificate is signed by upwards of 100 witnesses.1 In I744 a loyal address was presented to George II. on behalf of “his Protestant subjects, the People called Quakers, in the Kingdom of Ireland,” and Daniel Bewley’s name appears as the fourth of the signatories. A copy of the address is given in Rutty’s “History of the Rise and Progress of the People called Quakers in Ireland” (2nd ed., London, 1899), p. 337. The following letter from Daniel Bewley to Thomas Bewley of Woodhall of that day is an interesting relic of the past, and a link between the Irish Bewleys and the Bewleys of Woodhall2 :—

“Tho8 Bewley “Dublin ye 20th of 10th mo 1749. “Loveing Cousn “I recd thy letter of 27th Last month3 & those for thy Uncle Richd Bewley & Cousn Thos Wilson boath wch I sent to them. I understand they were well as is Relation here. I do not hear of Tho8 n Wilson intending to go over : if he do not I think he used Cous Mary very ill, but do not think its Propper for me to say anything about it ; pray lett me hear from thee, & if can, informe thyselfe whether he wrote to her since she left this, or did he write to thee d anything about her : Abr Scott & family are pretty well, & he rec n 8 the Nutts : Please to Remember my kind love to sister, Cous Tho , & wife, & Cousn Mary, when thou sees them & desire them to Lett th me hear how they are, w other Relation there away : my wife and children joynes wth me in the Remembrance of Dear Love to them, thee & wife, & any relation there : I think there is little or no n n alteration amongst our Relation since thou was here : Cous Benj

1 See Records of Mountmellick Monthly Meeting : book No. 3, p. 256. 2 This letter, and some other interesting documents connected with the Bewley family, were most kindly given to the author by Mrs. William Brockbank, of West Didsbury, Manchester, a niece of Mrs. Isabella Benson, née Bewley, named in the pedigree of the Bewleys of Woodhall. 3 Written no doubt to announce the birth of his son George, born 26/9/1749. THE IRISH BEWLEYS 117

Wilson and Richd have got a Decree in Couart to have theire Lease Renewed, for which they are Oblidged to thee : with desires to hear from thee & to have an answer to the above I remaine thy Loveing Cousn “Danl Bewley. “P.S. thy cousn George Bewley that Liveth wth me has his love to thee & wife.” The letter is addressed on the outside “To Thomas Bewley at Woodhall near Heskett in Cumberland England.” The persons referred to in the letter can be identified without much difficulty. “Uncle Richd Bewley” was Richard Bewley of Roosk, King’s County, a half-brother of the father of Thomas Bewley of Woodhall, to whom the letter was addressed. “Sister” was Thomas Bewley’s sister Sarah Harrison. “Cousn Benjamin Wilson” was a son of Thomas Wilson of Knock, King’s County, by his wife Mary Bewley of Woodhall; and “Cous” Thomas Wilson” was a son of Benjamin Wilson. “Cousn Thomas” and “Cousn Mary” appear to be Thomas and Mary Bewley, the children of Benjamin Bewley of Ivegill. It seems pretty clear that when Mary Bewley of Ivegill was on a visit in Ireland, Thomas Wilson junior had shown her very marked attentions, which, however, he had not followed up in the way the lady’s relatives had expected. She never married, and was “Cousin Mary Bewley of Cumberland” when Daniel Bewley’s eldest son, George Bewley, left her a small legacy more than thirty years later. “Cousin George Bewley” mentioned in the postscript was no doubt George Bewley of Killeen, a son of the above named Richard Bewley of Roosk. 118 THE IRISH BEWLEYS

Daniel Bewley’s youngest son, Daniel, died in infancy. George Bewley, his eldest son, married Mary daughter of William Fayle on 31st August, 1764, but there was no issue of the marriage, and thus this line of the Irish Bewleys as well as the other that had also its origin in Ivegill became extinct. This George Bewley who was possessed of considerable property in houses and lands, settled the main portion of it by will on Hannah Monsell, daughter of his half sister Hannah Strettle, and on her sons and their issue, subject to certain conditions under which the member of the Monsell family taking the property became bound to use the surname of Bewley in addition to his own surname. Further particulars as to the provisions of the will and the connection with the Monsell family will be found in Appendix C, post. We now return to Mungo Bewley, the youngest son of Thomas and Margaret Bewley of Woodhall. As before stated, he settled at Edenderry in the King’s County in 1700, and on 9th June, 1706, he intermarried with Mary daughter of Nicholas Gribbell of Limerick by Sarah Jackson his second wife. The Gribbells appear to have been a Devonshire family, and Nicholas Gribbell was born at Dartmouth. He had left Limerick and come to reside in the neighbourhood of Edenderry many years before this time, and the marriage was solemnised at Edenderry. There was evidently a large gathering of Friends on the occasion, for the marriage certificate (as entered in the old records of Edenderry meeting in the Registry of the Society of Friends at Eustace-street, Dublin) bears the signatures of sixty witnesses. Mungo Bewley became a very eminent minister of the Society of Friends ; and the following extract from an account of him in Rutty’s “History of the Rise and Progress of the People called Quakers in Ireland” (2nd THE IRISH BEWLEYS 119 edition, London, 1800), page 339, will give some idea of his character :

“He adorned his ministry by a grave and solid behaviour ; he was also a man of good understanding, zealous in Christian discipline, and serviceable in visiting the families of Friends ; a man of integrity and firmness, industrious in business, upright in his dealings, and careful in the religious education of his children, cheerful and edifying in his conversation ; compassionate and liberal to the afflicted ; ...... And notwithstanding these good qualifications he was very humble-minded with respect to himself.”1 He was very active in the work of his ministry. He several times crossed the seas to visit Friends in England, Scotland, and Wales. He went once to Holland, and once to America, in which latter journey he was abroad about two years.2 There were eight children issue of the marriage of Mungo

Bewley and Mary Gribbell, viz. : two sons, Daniel and Thomas, and six daughters. Mary Bewley, wife of Mungo Bewley, died on 22nd December, 1732, and on the 4th May, 1736, he married Martha Barnard, the widow of Robert Barnard of Dublin, and a daughter of Joseph and Elizabeth Inman of Dublin. There was no issue of this second marriage. Any person who has experience of genealogical researches in Ireland knows the enormous difficulty that generally exists in tracing the early pedigrees of families whose ancestors came from England and settled in Ireland in the seventeenth century. But this difficulty is not so often experienced in cases where the ancestor was a member of the Society of Friends. The Society happily instituted a system of giving the parentage of those who became members of their Meetings, and in this way the lineage of

1 See also John Gough’s History of the People called Quakers (Dublin, 1789—1790), vol. iv., p. 438. 2 See Testimony of Edenderry Meeting, Appendix D, post. 120 THE IRISH BEWLEYS

the Irish settler, who was a member of the Society, can in most cases be made out. The records connected with Mungo Bewley and his family are contained not only in the old books of the Edenderry Meeting but also in those of the Mountmellick Meeting, from which Edenderry would seem to have been an off-shoot. For each father of a family a folio was opened in the book intended to register births and burials. His parentage, date of birth, and marriage were stated at the head of the page : the lower portion of it was divided by a vertical line, and in the left-hand column were entered the births, and in the right the burials. Before giving the particulars as to Mungo Bewley to be found in these records, it may be well to remind some readers that down to 1752 the civil year commenced on the 25th of March, and that the Society of Friends, though rejecting the ordinary names of the months, followed the civil computation of time, and called March “first month” and February “twelfth month.” When, however, the alteration of the commencement of the year, and the change of style, were introduced by the Act 24 George II., c. 23, and January 1st became the first day of the year as from the year 1752, in the language of the Society of Friends January became “first month” and December “twelfth month.” In an ancient book belonging to the Mountmellick Meeting, the earlier portion of which is shown by internal evidence to have been copied about 1709 from a still older book, the following entry is found at f. 97 :— “Mungo Bewley, son of Thomas and Margaret Bewley of Wood- hall in Cumberland, was born at Woodhall aforesaid the 3d 4 mo.

1 An Epistle on the subject, dated 6th of 7th month, 1751, was sent from the Meeting for Sufferings in London to the Quarterly and Monthly Meetings of Friends in Great Britain, Ireland, and America (Gough’s History of the People called Quakers, vol. iv., pp. 370 et seq.). THE IRISH BEWLEYS 121

1677, and came over to Ireland in the year I700. He took to wife Mary the daughter of Nicholas and Sarah Gribble. She was born at 4 Limerick the 25/9/1677. They were married the 9 mo 1706. He had issue by her as followeth.” This is succeeded by a list of births and burials, which, however, is not complete. The full record of the births is contained in one of the books of the Edenderry Meeting, the early portion of which was written about 1713, and the subsequent entries made as the events recorded occurred. The statement at f. 28 of this book as to the parentage, birth, marriage, etc., of Mungo Bewley is the same as that above extracted from the Mountmellick records, save that the surname of his wife’s father is more correctly given as Gribbell.” Mungo Bewley died on the 3rd of May, 1747, and was buried on the 6th of the same month at the Friends’ burying ground near Edenderry. A testimony of the Edenderry Monthly Meeting concerning him is given at f. 78 of the above mentioned book, and will be found in Appendix D, post. He was survived by his wife Martha, who appears from the records of the Edenderry Meeting to have been present at a marriage in Edenderry in June, 1750. As her name does not appear amongst the witnesses to the marriage of Thomas Bewley of Edenderry with Susanna Pim, which took place on 9th June, 1751, and she is not mentioned afterwards in any of the records, it is probable that she died about 1751. Daniel Bewley of Edenderry, the eldest son of Mungo Bewley, married on 31st May, 1732, Elizabeth, daughter of Joseph Chandlee, by Elizabeth Taylor his wife, and widow of Tobias Pim, of Edenderry. There was but one child of this marriage, Thomas by name, and he died on 26th April, 1771, unmarried. Thomas Bewley of Edenderry, the second son and seventh child of Mungo Bewley, is the progenitor of the 122 THE IRISH BEWLEYS numerous Bewleys now resident in Ireland, as well as of many Bewleys born and domiciled in England and in the United States of America. He married on 9th June, 1751, Susanna, daughter of John Pim of Edenderry, by his wife Mary Barcroft. John Pim was a son of John Pim the elder of Mountrath, by his wife

Mary Pleadwell of Normanton-upon-Soar, Nottinghamshire ; and John Pim the elder was a son of William and Dorothy Pim of Castle Donnington, Leicestershire. Mary Barcroft, above referred to, was a daughter of John Barcroft of Shraleigh, Queen’s County, by his wife Elizabeth, daughter of Henry Tibbs of Dublin. There were eight children of the marriage of Thomas

Bewley of Edenderry and Susanna Pim, viz. : five sons and three daughters. John Bewley, the eldest son, lived for a considerable part of his life at Roper’s Rest, Dublin, and married Anne, daughter of James1 and Elizabeth Gough of Mountmellick. Mungo Bewley of Mountmellick, the second son, married Mary, another daughter of James and Elizabeth Gough : Barcroft, the third son, died in infancy : Thomas Bewley, the fourth son, married Fanny, daughter of Samuel and Anne Strangman of Mountmellick ; and Samuel Bewley, the fifth son, married Elizabeth, daughter of Nehemiah and Elizabeth Fayle of Limerick. The line of the last mentioned Thomas Bewley was only continued for one generation, but from John, Mungo, and Samuel Bewley sprang a numerous race of Bewleys, whose history can best be gathered from the pedigrees annexed to this volume. To give any fuller details of their lives would be quite impossible in any book of moderate size. All the Bewleys descended from Thomas Bewley of Edenderry, and his wife Susanna Pim, seem to have been

1 A Memoir of the Life, Religious Experiences, and Labours in the Gospel of James Gough, compiled by brother John Gough, was published in Dublin in 1782. THE IRISH BEWLEYS 123 strict members of the Society of Friends down to the beginning of the nineteenth century. The first secession from the body appears to have come from Thomas Bewley of Mountrath (son of Mungo Bewley of Mountmellick and his wife Mary Gough, and grandfather of the present writer), who, on 16th July, 1801, wrote to the Mountmellick meeting requesting that he might no longer be considered “a member of the Quaker Society.” Other members of the family from time to time either expressly severed their connection with the Society, or were “disowned”—as it is termed—for ceasing and declining to attend the meetings of the Society. At the present day nearly all the Bewleys in the United Kingdom named in the pedigrees are members of the Church of Ireland, or of the Church of England, or of some Nonconformist body other than the Society of Friends. But even such of them as dissent most strongly from the distinctive doctrines of the Society of Friends cannot fail to respect and admire the high principles, the stern virtue and the upright and simple lives of the early members of the Society. The Irish Bewleys and their descendants may well look back with reverence, if not with pride, to old Thomas Bewley of Haltcliffe Hall, and his son Thomas Bewley of Woodhall, who, leaving wife, and children, and home, and all that made life pleasant, went cheerfully to prison for conscience sake.

CHAPTER VII

THE ARMS OF THE BEWLEYS OF CUMBERLAND

HE ARMS of the Bewleys of Cumberland date from the Tage of chivalry, or are at least of great antiquity. In Harleian MS. No. 6589 in the British Museum there is found, at f. 309, a single membrane of parchment, containing a copy of a very ancient Roll of Arms which internal evidence shows must have been compiled about the reign of Richard II. The Roll has been printed in Notes and Queries (5th Series), vol. 2, p. 342. The several persons whose names are given—63 in number—were residents in the North of England, and notably in Cumberland ; and Mr. Richard Greenstreet, in an article in the same volume of Notes and Queries, at p. 442, has identified 37 of them, and shown that they did not flourish later than the reign of Richard II. These include Clement de Skelton and Hamond (Amandus) Monceux, who were associated with Richard Beaulieu in the defence of Carlisle in 9 Richard II. (1385).1 But two others of the persons whose arms are given can also be identified, viz : John de la More, and William Beaulieu, who were Knights of the Shire for Cumberland in 6 Henry IV. (1404). The eighth name on the Roll is John

1 See pp. 52, 53, ante. THE ARMS OF THE BEWLEYS OF CUMBERLAND 125 de la More, and the eleventh William Beaulieu, whose arms are given thus :— “Wm Bealieu, d’argent a vne cheueron daunce & 3 testes du oysell de sable.” This heraldic description or blazon, in the old French of the day, indicates that the shield was argent, and bore a chevron with large indentations (now called dancetté) between three birds’ heads, which, as well as the chevron, were sable. Amongst the Cotton MS. in the British Museum is an ancient copy of the Ordinary or Dictionary of Arms known as “Mr. Thomas Jenyn’s Booke of Arms,” the accuracy of which is attested by the certificate of Robert Glover, Somerset Herald, and William Flower, Norroy King-of-Arms, dated in February, 1578, and to this is appended a Roll of Miscellaneous Arms (known as Jenyn’s Roll), containing 406 coats, which is believed to have been compiled in the reign of Richard II. In this Roll the arms of William Beaulieu are also given, viz :— “Wm Bealieu. Ar. a vne cheueron dauncee et 3 testes du oysell de s.” The Roll, edited by Mr. Richard Greenstreet, is published in “The Antiquary” (ed. by Edward Walford), vols. 1 and 2. The portion of the Roll containing the arms of’ William Beaulieu appears at p. 241 of vol. 2. In a MS. in the British Museum of the early part of the seventeenth century, described as “The Blazon of Armes taken out of an Auncient Coppie in the hands of William Jennings in the time of King Henry VII.,”2 is contained a large number of coats in trick—i.e. sketched with pen and ink in outline, with letters to indicate the tinctures—taken

1 Cotton MS., Tib., E. ix. 2 Add. MS., No. 12,224. 126 THE ARMS OF THE BEWLEYS OF CUMBERLAND from “Mr. Thomas Jenyn’s Booke of Armes,” and the accompanying Roll of Miscellaneous Arms, and amongst them is that of William Beaulieu, as given above.1 The arms of William Beaulieu’s brother Richard seem to have had the chevron plain, instead of dancetté ; as a dancetté chevron does not appear in the coats of any of his descendants. A Cornish chough’s head erased—i.e. torn off with a ragged edge—was adopted to represent the indefinite bird (oysell) of the early Rolls ; and though in some of the modern Ordinaries or Dictionaries of Arms Bewley coats are given in which the birds’ heads are those of herons, hawks, lapwings, bitterns, and ravens, the diversity in all probability arose from the blazon being taken from Ordinaries in which the coats were inaccurately or carelessly tricked. As can be readily understood, if in such cases the outline of a bird’s head is drawn by an unskilful hand, great difficulty may arise in determining the bird intended to be represented. In the British Museum there are several MSS. purporting to be copies of the celebrated Ordinary of Robert Glover, Somerset Herald. Robert Glover, who was born in 1544, created Somerset Herald in 1571, and married to Elizabeth, daughter of William Flower, Norroy King-of-Arms, was one of the most eminent heraldic authorities of the Elizabethan age. The original MS. of his Ordinary, which is amongst the Cotton MSS. in the British Museum,2 has been so injured by fire as to be now little more than a fragment. Of the 509 leaves of which it once consisted only 372 are left, and many of those are greatly mutilated. The index, which has been preserved, shows that the Bewley arms were on one of the leaves that have been destroyed. Harleian MS. No. 1446, however, contains part of an

1 A facsimile of this coat will be found in “Some Feudal Coats of Arms,” by Joseph Foster (Oxford and London, 1902), p. 14. 2 Cotton MS., Tib., D. x. THE ARMS OF THE BEWLEYS OF CUMBERLAND 127

Ordinary by Robert Glover, beautifully tricked ; and in it appears the coat of “Richard Bewle,” which is represented as “Argent a chevron between three choughs’ heads erased sable beaked gules.” Whether this was Richard Bewley of Hesket Hall, who lived in the reign of Henry VIII., or one of the Richard Bewleys, who represented Carlisle in Parliament in the reign of Henry VI., cannot be stated with certainty. Richard Bewley, who was one of the burgesses for Carlisle in the Parliament of 38 Henry VI. (1459), was included in the Commission of the Peace for Cumberland on 6th October, 1471, under the name of “Richard Bewle,” and this is the only instance in which the name of Bewley has been found so spelled in any public record. There is also amongst the Harleian MSS. in the British Museum an Ordinary of Arms by William Dethick, York Herald (who afterwards became Garter King-of-Arms), dated 2nd April, 1572, and in it the Bewley Arms, which are partly in trick, appear to be plainly “Ar. a chevron between 3 choughs’ heads erased sable.” The copies of Glover’s Ordinary amongst the MSS. in the British Museum, to which reference has been made,1 do not appear to be very faithful transcripts of the original. They contain Bewley coats as well as one of “Richard Bowle,” who is of course the “Richard Bewle” above mentioned ; but in the latter case they put a crest of feathers on the birds’ heads. One of the alleged copies gives two Bewley coats, one of which is “ar. a chevron between 3 choughs’ heads erased sa. beaked gu.” and the other the same, with the exception that the birds appear to be falcons. Another copy differs in giving but one Bewley coat, and putting a crest of feathers on the heads of birds that would otherwise seem to be choughs. These variations in the tricking have led subsequent heraldic writers, who

1 Harleian MSS., Nos. 1459 and 1392. 128 THE ARMS OF THE BEWLEYS OF CUMBERLAND have published Ordinaries founded on that of Glover, to give several coats for the Bewley family, differing only in the nature of the birds’ heads ; but it appears quite certain that the well recognised arms of the Bewleys of Cumberland were “Arg. a chevron between 3 choughs’ heads erased sa. beaked gu,” or as the blazon might otherwise be given, “arg. a chevron sa. between 3 Cornish choughs’ heads erased proper,” inasmuch as the Cornish chough has a red beak. In the first1 of the MS. copies of Glover’s Ordinary before referred to, the coat that bears the falcons’ heads has above it of Snayth of Bewley of Bewley , and the coat with the choughs’ heads of Snayth . In the second2 of the MS. copies the name of Snayth alone appears above the first of these coats, but the second, in which the crest of feathers has been added to the choughs’ heads, is Bewley . surmounted by Snayth Having regard to the demonstrable inaccuracy of these copies it may be questioned whether the coats were not given in Glover’s Ordinary as those of “Bewley of Snayth.” It will be recollected that Thomas Beaulieu was living near Snayth in Yorkshire in 1427, and it seems probable that Glover, who gave the arms of “Richard Bewle”—i.e., of the Cumberland family—gave also the coats of the branch that existed contemporaneously at Snayth. On the sale of the Manor of Hesket by Thomas Bewley to William Lawson of Isell in October, 1630—the particulars of which are given at p. 83, ante—a curious old brass seal with the Bewley arms (which appears to have been in the possession of the Bewleys for generations) was handed over to William Lawson, and has descended with the Hesket estate to the present Sir Wilfrid Lawson, Bart., of Brayton. About the middle of the seventeenth century John Denton of Cardew wrote “an accompt of the most considerable estates and families in Cumberland,” several

1Harleian MS., No. 1459. 2 Ibid., No. 1392. THE ARMS OF THE BEWLEYS OF CUMBERLAND 129 copies of which exist in manuscript. One of these, annotated by William Gilpin, Recorder of Carlisle, and bearing his signature in the fly-leaf, with the date August 30th, 1687, has been published by the Cumberland and Westmorland

Antiquarian and Archaeological Society (Tract Series No. 2 ; and at p. 55 of this edition in notis it is stated by Gilpin : “I have seen an old brass seal belonging to the Bewlies (penes Wilfrid Lawson de Brayton, who now enjoys the estate of Heskat, by the gift of Sir Wilfrid Lawson, Knt. and Bart., his father, who purchased the same of the Bewlies, his mother’s kinderd) ; the seal is this coat of arms (Arg. a chevron between three daws’ heads erased sable), but the inscription about it is (in the German character used in England about 200 years ago) Sigillum Johannis Sutton, so that (it seems) the Bewlies had this coat from the Suttons, together with the estate by the heirs general.” The inscription on the seal is “Sigillum Johannes Sot- ton,” but the conjecture of Mr. Gilpin in the latter passage is erroneous. Hesket was not at any time the property of any Suttons or Sottons, nor do any persons of that name appear to have had any lands in Cumberland. There is no record of any Sutton or Sotton having had arms at all resembling the coat of the Bewleys, and Mr. Gilpin was ignorant of the old rolls of arms of the time of Richard II., in which the arms of William Beaulieu appear, and of the references to the Bewley arms in the MSS. above referred to. Who the John Sotton was, whose name appears on the seal, or how he came to bear the Bewley arms, is at present a puzzle. The Bewley arms, i.e., “arg. a chevron between three choughs’ heads erased sa.” appear impaled with the Lawson arms on one of the shields that ornament the frieze round the central hall at Brayton. In the gallery of the hall there is a portrait, apparently taken from the life, of Judith Lawson, daughter of William Bewley of Hesket Hail, and 130 THE ARMS OF THE BEWLEYS OF CUMBERLAND there is painted in one corner a shield with the arms of Lawson and Bewley impaled. The pedigree of Lawson of Isell was recorded by William Dugdale, Norroy King-of-Arms, at the Visitation held at Cockermouth on 1st April, 1665, and as Sir Wilfrid Lawson, knight—afterwards created a baronet—son of William Lawson and the above mentioned Judith, is certified as being then 50 years of age, the marriage of William Lawson and Judith must have been solemnised sometime prior to September, 1614. As William Lawson was Sheriff of Cumberland in 40 Eliz. (1598), it is probable that the marriage took place some years before 1614. The arms above stated were evidently used by all the branches of the Bewley family in Cumberland. The original will of the Rev. Thomas Bewley of Carlisle, dated 19th August, 1715, now in the District Probate Registry at Carlisle, bears at foot his seal, with the arms “Arg. a chevron between three choughs’ heads erased sa.” He was minister of St. Cuthbert’s, Carlisle, and seems to have belonged to one of the collateral branches of the family. After the Bewleys of Woodhall joined the Society of Friends all armorial bearings of course ceased to be used in this line of the family for many generations. It is not surprising, therefore, that when the Rev. David Lysons and Samuel Lysons were preparing their history of Cumberland—which was afterwards published in 1816 as vol. iv. of the Magna Britannia series—they were not able to ascertain from George Bewley of Woodhall the arms that had been borne by the Bewleys of Hesket.1 The Bewley arms given in the several old heraldic manuscripts above referred to are essentially arms of the Bewleys of Cumberland and their descendants. The Bewleys of Suffolk, London, Kent, and of Lincolnshire, were distinct families, wholly unconnected with the Cumberland 1 Page lxix. THE ARMS OF THE BEWLEYS OF CUMBERLAND 131

Bewleys, and they appear from the printed Ordinaries and Dictionaries of Arms to have had their own respective coats of arms. When the writer of the present work had succeeded in completing all the links in the family pedigree from Thomas de Beaulieu of Thistlethwaite, living in 1332, to the present time, he applied to Ulster King-of-Arms to register his pedigree, and also to grant such a confirmation of arms as would conclusively establish the right of the Irish Bewleys and their descendants to the ancient coat of arms of the Bewleys of Cumberland. In connection with this application careful searches were made in the College of Arms in London to ascertain whether the arms of the Bewleys of Cumberland had ever been recorded there. Strange to say, although the arms were recognized by such competent authorities as Robert Glover, Somerset Herald, and William Dethick, York Herald (afterwards Sir Wm. Dethick, Garter King-of-Arms) in their Ordinaries, there is no official record of them in the College of Arms. When the last Visitation of Cumberland was held in 1665, old Thomas Bewley of Haltcliffe Hall and Woodhall was the head of the family, and as he was a very strict member of the Society of Friends, he probably thought that the bearing of arms heraldically was sinful, and did not come forward to prove his arms. There was not much difficulty in establishing that the arms claimed were the ancient arms of the Bewleys of Cumberland, and that the applicant had proved his descent from members of the family who had borne those arms. If the arms had been officially recorded anywhere in the United Kingdom, a certificate of arms would have been granted, but as matters stood a confirmation was granted with—as is necessary in such case—a mark of difference. Tie right to the arms, however, was so clear, that the ancient coat has been differenced by the addition only of an ermine spot in chief. K2 132 THE ARMS OF THE BEWLEYS OF CUMBERLAND

Those who have not made a study of Heraldry may not be aware that in ancient times crests were comparatively rare, and that in many ancient Rolls of Arms, including those referred to in this chapter, no crests are given. In early times the crest was considered rather a personal than an hereditary possession, and all the members of a family did not necessarily use the same crest.1 No crest was ever assigned by any competent authority to the arms of the Bewleys of Cumberland. Neither the old seal at Brayton—which probably dates from the fifteenth century—nor the seal of the Rev. Thomas Bewley of Carlisle, bears any crest, nor is a crest given in any of the ancient ordinaries above referred to. However, in modern times a crest is regarded by the general public as a necessary appendage to a coat of arms, and some persons seem to imagine that it constitutes in itself the armorial bearings of a family. For nearly seventy years several branches of the Bewley family have used as a crest, “An ibex’s head or issuing out of a rose gules stalked and leaved vert.” This was, no doubt, adopted originally, under the impression that the descendants of the Bewleys of Cumberland were entitled to the same crest as that of the Bewleys of Suffolk, from which the crest above described only differs in some minor particulars. This was, of course, an error, as the two families were in no way connected. The user, however, had been so long, that when applying for a confirmation of the ancient coat of arms of the Bewleys of Cumberland, the present writer sought also to have this crest included. The motto “Virtutis gloria merces”—“Glory is the reward of valour”—has been also used in his family since early in the last century. But if the crest is a matter of secondary importance, the motto is of still less consequence. The following is a copy of the Confirmation of Arms

1 Woodward’s Heraldry, vol. 2, p. 229. THE ARMS OF THE BEWLEYS OF CUMBERLAND 133 granted by Ulster King-of-Arms on the 1st November,

1901 :— EMBLAZONMENT “To all and singular to whom these presents OF ARMS.1 shall come, I, Sir Arthur Edward Vicars, F.SA., Ulster King-of-Arms and principal Herald of All Ireland, Registrar and Knight Attendant of the most illustrious Order of St. Patrick, Commander of the Royal Victorian Order, Send Greeting. WHEREAS application hath been made unto me by SIR EDMUND THOMAS BEWLEY, Knight, Master of Arts and Doctor of both Laws of the University of Dublin, Master of Arts of the Royal University of Ireland, one of His Majesty’s Counsel learned in the Law, late a Judge of the Supreme Court of Judicature in Ireland, a Justice of the Peace for the Counties of Dublin and Wicklow, setting forth that he is the only son of Edward Bewley, late of Moate in the County of Westmeath, Doctor of Medicine, who was the eldest son of Thomas Bewley of Mountrath in the Queen’s County, eldest son of Mungo Bewley of Mountmellick in the King’s County, second son of Thomas Bewley of Edenderry in the King’s County, descended from Thomas de Beaulieu of Thistlethwaite in the County of Cumberland, as appears by the Pedigree of his family duly proved and registered in my office, and that he is desirous that the Armorial Ensigns which have been used and borne by his said ancestors may be duly confirmed by lawful authority, and registered and recorded in the Office of Ulster King-of-Arms in Ireland, to the end that the Officers of Arms there and all others upon occasion may take full notice and knowledge thereof, and he hath therefore prayed for a full confirmation of the same, with such distinction as may be assigned, unto him and his descendants and the other descendants of his great- great-grandfather the said last named Thomas Bewley : KNOW YE therefore that I, the said Ulster King-ofArms, having taken the request of the said applicant into consideration, and having examined into the circumstances, am pleased to comply therewith, and by virtue of the power unto me given by His Majesty’s Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of that part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland called Ireland, and by the authority of the

1 The emblazonment is the work of the eminent heraldic artist, Mr. Forbes Nixon. 134 THE ARMS OF THE BEWLEYS OF CUMBERLAND same, have ratified and confirmed, and by these presents do exemplify, ratify, and confirm unto the said SIR EDMUND THOMAS BEWLEY, Knight, and his descendants and the other descendants of his great- great-grandfather the last named Thomas Bewley, the ARMS following that is to say :—Argent a chevron sable between three Cornish choughs’ heads erased proper, in chief an ermine spot ; for CREST, on a wreath of the colours an Ibex’s head or, issuant from the centre of a rose gules, stalked and leaved proper ; and for MOTTO, Virtutis Gloria Merces, the whole as is more clearly depicted in the Margint, to be borne and used hereafter by him the said SIR EDMUND THOMAS BEWLEY, Knight, and his descendants, and the other descendants of his great-great-grandfather the said last named Thomas Bewley, for ever, with their due and proper differences according to the Laws of Arms, without the let, hindrance, molestation, or interruption of any person or persons whatsoever.

IN WITNESS whereof I have subscribed these presents and affixed hereunto my Official Seal the First day of November in the First year of the reign of our Sovereign Lord Edward the Seventh, by the Grace of God of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland King, Defender of the Faith and so forth, and in the year of Our Lord one thousand nine hundred and one.”

“Arthur E. Vicars, Ulster King-of-Arms of All Ireland.”

Seal.

The effect of the above confirmation is that all the descendants of Thomas Bewley of Edenderry, and Susanna Pim his wife are now entitled to the arms and crest therein described. These descendants comprise not only all the Bewleys now resident in Ireland, but a large number born and domiciled in England and the United States of America. Persons familiar with heraldic literature will understand that it is a matter of interest to possess a right to a coat of arms that existed before the battle of Agincourt, and had not its origin from any grant from the Sovereign, or from heralds or others acting under his authority. THE ARMS OF THE BEWLEYS OF CUMBERLAND 135

How the right was originally acquired it may be impossible now to determine, but there are matters connected with the arms deserving further investigation. The Dalstons of Dalston in Cumberland were a very ancient family, having their origin in Robert de Dalston, a brother of Hubert de Vallibus (de Vaux), who was given the barony of Dalston by Ranulph de Meschines, and thereupon assumed the name of Dalston. The arms of the Daistons have a striking resemblance to those of the Bewleys, being “Argent a chevron engrailed between 3 daws’ heads erased sable beaked or.” 1 This suggests either a connection between the families, or a common origin to both coats. Before the Sovereign in the reign of Henry V. assumed the right of regulating coat armour, some of the great magnates used to make grants of arms to their vassals or followers. Of this we have an instance in Cumberland of a grant by William, Baron Greystock to Adam de Blencowe in 30 Edward III. (1355).2 It is possible, therefore, that one of the great barons may have granted originally the arms of both Dalstons and Bewleys, and that their similarity may be due to this cause. If the de Beaulieus came from Hainault in the time of Edward III. there is no necessary presumption that after they had settled in England their old arms would be retained.— Autres pays autres moeurs. The arms of the de Beaulieus of Hainault in the sixteenth century would appear to have been3 : “D’azur à un chevron d’or accomagné de trois grélots de même posés deux en chef et l’autre a la point de l’écu.” This coat appears to be nearly the same as that given 1 Burke’s General Armory: Lysons’ History of Cuinberland, p. lxviii. 2 Nicolson and Burn’s History of Cumberland, vol. ii., p. 375. 3 Armorial Général de France (Paris, 1738), tome i., p. 56 : Rietstap’s e Armorial Général (2 ed., 1887) : Dictionnaire Genéalogique (Paris, 1761), tome iv., p. 205. 136 THE ARMS OF THE BEWLEYS OF CUMBERLAND in the English Ordinaries and Armories for the family of Ent 1 of Sandwich, Kent, viz : “Azure, a chevron between three falcons’ bells or.” A “grélot,” however is not necessarily as small as a falcon’s bell. The coat may be said to have a certain resemblance to that of the Bewleys of Cumberland in bearing a chevron between three minor charges, but there is probably no connection between them. The de Beaulieus coming from Hainault to Cumberland in the early part of the reign of Edward III. would have attached themselves to some powerful baron of the county, and the arms they bore thereafter would either be such as he granted, or would be largely influenced by this connection. 1 Burke’s General Armory: Papworth’s Ordinary.

A. ORIGIN OF THE BEWLEYS OF CUMBERLAND.

B. EXTRACTS FROM THE COUNTY HISTORIES AND OTHER BOOKS RELATING TO THE BEWLEY FAMILY IN CUMBERLAND.

C. CONNECTION BETWEEN THE BEWLEY AND MONSELL FAMILIES.

D. EXTRACT FROM THE RECORDS OF EDENDERRY MEETING AS TO MUNGO BEWLEY.

E. THE RELATIONS OF THE BEWLEYS OF CUMBERLAND WITH THE SEE OF CARLISLE. APPENDIX A

ORIGIN OF THE BEWLEYS OF CUMBERLAND.

THE late Mr. John Bewley of Stanwix, Carlisle, spent an immense amount of time and labour in endeavouring to trace the descent of the Bewleys of Cumberland from the Norman family of de Busli or de Builli, and although he was not successful, the matter is of sufficient interest to deserve special notice. The lordship of Busli or Builli was situated at Neuchâtel in Normandy, in the bailiwick of Drincourt. Roger de Busli, the seigneur of the lordship, in the year 1065, sold to the Abbot of Holy Trinity at Rouen the tithes of his fief for sixty pounds of silver pennies and a war-horse, and by means of the funds so raised, his two sons, Roger and Ernald, were suitably equipped, and came to England with William the Conqueror. Roger received extensive grants of land after the Conquest. His name appears in Domesday as Baron of Tickhill in Yorkshire, and as lord of numerous manors in various parts of the kingdom. He founded the priory of Blyth in Nottinghamshire, and died in 1099. He left but one son, Roger, who died a minor and unmarried in 1102. Ernald, the brother and companion-in-arms of the elder Roger de Builli or de Builly of Tickhill, obtained from the latter grants of lands in Maltby and Kimberworth in Yorkshire. He died prior to 1102, leaving two sons, Jordan and Roger. Roger entered his uncle’s newly founded monastery of Blyth, and died a monk there. He seems, however, to have been married, and left several children, the eldest of whom, Richard, was father of John de Builly of Maltby. This John de Builly had an only child, Idonea, who, in the reign of King John, married Robert de Veteriponte, the head of the Vipont family. There are numerous references in Dugdale’s “Monasticon Angli 140 APPENDIX A canum” to grants of land and other deeds made by members of the de Builly family, but it appears unnecessary to cite them. The above named Robert de Veteriponte received important grants of land in Westmorland from King John, and by his marriage with Idonea he became possessed of the greater portion of the de Builly estates. In the printed Calendar of Close Rolls formerly in the Tower of London, under the date of 1213 (15 John), is a copy of a writ addressed to Henry de Braybroc, commanding him to give seisin to Robert de Veteriponte of all the lands of John de Builly within his bailiwick, “with the chattels which belong to Ydonea his wife, the daughter of the said John” ; and similar writs were addressed to the Constable of Tickhill, and the Sheriff of York.1 In the church of St. Lawrence at Appleby in Westmorland there is a marble monument, erected in the latter part of the seventeenth century to the Countess of Pembroke, daughter and sole heir of George Clifford, third Earl of Cumberland. A tablet above this monument sets out the family pedigree, beginning with Robert de Veteriponte, to whom (as therein stated) King John gave first of all his lands in Westmorland and the Sheriffwick of the county. “His wife was Idonia de Beuly.”2 Not far from Appleby are the remains of Bewley Castle, which in some works3 is stated to have been at one time the property of John de Builly of Maltby, and to have derived its name therefrom. Under these circumstances Mr. John Bewley not unnaturally thought that, in like manner, the name of the Bewleys of Cumberland might have had its origin in that of de Builly; and he set to work to trace, so far as he could, all the descendants of Ernald de Builly. His researches, however, did not succeed in showing any relationship between the two families, and in addition many circumstances exist which almost demonstrate that the descent of the Bewleys of Cumberland from the de Buillys is not merely improbable but impossible. In the first place the statement that Bewley Castle had belonged to John de Builly turns out to have been a mere guess, and without any real foundation.4 The de Buillys never held any property in

1 Rot. Litt. Claus. in Turri Lond. asser., p. 136. 2 Bishop Nicolson’s Miscell. Accounts of the Diocese of Carlisle, p. 32. 3 Nicolson and Burn’s History of Westmorland and Cumberland, vol. 1, p. 456: The old Manorial Halls of Westmorland and Cumberland, vol. viii. of Publications of Cumberland and Westmorland Antiquarian and Archeological Society, p. 121. 4 Prescott’s Register of the Priory of Wetherall, p. 62, note. ORIGIN OF THE BEWLEYS OF CUMBERLAND 141

Westmorland or Cumberland, and although numerous surnames were derived from place-names, at the time John de Builly flourished places were not called after surnames of their owners. The Castle, which at an early date was one of the residences of the Bishops of Carlisle, was in fact called Beaulieu, Latinized Bellus Locus, and the Manor attached to it bore the same name, and was part of the possessions of the See of Carlisle. In Dugdale’s Monasticon, vol. iii., ff. 586–7, and Archdeacon Prescott’s Register of the Priory of Wetherall, p. 61, will be found “Taxatio Vicariæ ecclesiæ Sancti Michaelis de Appleby,” which was “datum apud Bellum Locum in crastino Annuntiationis Dominicæ A.D. 1256”; and at p. 73 of the Register of the Priory of Wetherall there is the copy of a deed of the 4th February, 1266, from the Bishop of Carlisle to the Prior of Wetherall, which is also “datum apud Bellum Locum.” Busli or Builli was a totally distinct name from Beaulieu, and the surname de Builly is always Latinized in deeds and charters as de Buliaco, and not as de Bello Loco. On the other hand, Hugh, the second Bishop of Carlisle, who was elected to the See in 1218, had been Abbot of Beaulieu (Bellus Locus Regis) in Hampshire, and it is not unlikely that during his tenure of office he gave to this episcopal residence a name that was not only descriptive of its position, but directly associated with his former life. But how the Castle got the name of Bellus Locus or Beaulieu is a matter of no importance on the present question. When the ancestors of the Bewleys are first found in Cumberland their name was unquestionably de Beaulieu, and the transition to the modern name was a matter of gradual evolution. It is quite possible that in the course of time de Builly might also have become Bewley, but it seems philologically impossible that the name de Busli or Builli, which in the thirteenth century was well known in the form of de Builly, should on English soil be suddenly changed —for there is no intermediate form—into the essentially French surname of de Beaulieu. There are other matters that do not favour the suggestion of a descent from the de Builly family. Not one acre of the large landed property of the de Buillys is found with the Bewleys of Cumberland. In 1220 a litigation commenced between Idonea de Veteriponte and Alice Comtesse d’Eu as to the ownership of the barony of Tickhill, which the latter claimed as heir of Roger de Builly through the female line, and the case was eventually compromised by a partition of the estates. 142 APPENDIX A

The arms of the Bewleys of Cumberland have not the slightest resemblance to those of the de Builly family. The arms of Idonea de Builly appear to have been “Gules, a cinquefoil or, quarter pierced of the field,”1 while those of the Bewleys of Cumberland were “Argent, a chevron between three choughs’ heads erased sable.” It is true that armorial bearings did not become strictly hereditary until the middle of the thirteenth century, but such a complete change would hardly be natural. The difficulty, however, in establishing a claim to a descent from the de Builly family does not depend on matters of heraldry. Not only is there an entire absence of evidence of descent—which may perhaps be regarded as a negative objection—but there is the positive and fatal objection that such a descent involves the transformation in England, without any assignable cause, of a Norman name for some centuries acclimatised in England into a wholly different French name. This theory of the descent of the Bewleys of Cumberland may therefore be definitely dismissed. If the views put forward in Chapter II. as to the Hainault origin of the Bewleys of Cumberland are not well founded, it is not improbable that the name of the family was derived from the Manor of Beaulieu, which, as already stated, belonged to the Bishops of Carlisle. Persons who were tenants of the manor, or officially connected with the castle, at the time that surnames came into use, would in the ordinary course be called de Beaulieu, and the relations between the Bewleys of Cumberland and the See of Carlisle, referred to subsequently in Appendix E, may have an important bearing on the question of the origin of the family. The name of the manor appears to have gone through much the same vicissitudes as that of the family. In the Ecclesiastical Survey of 26 Hen. VIII. (1535), we find amongst the temporalities of the Bishopric of Carlisle: “Idem episcopus habet manerium de Bewleyeu in comitatu Westmerlandiæ que valet per annum £ s. viiij . . . . xvj” 2 and about the same time the Commission of the Peace for Cumberland included, as we have already seen, the name of Richard Beaulyeu.

1 Cumberland and Westmorland Ant. and Arch. Soc. Transactions, vol. viii., p. 183. 2 Valor ecclesiasticus Hen. VIII., vol. v., p. 273. By a misprint the name of the manor is given as Bewleyen. APPENDIX B

EXTRACTS FROM THE COUNTY HISTORIES AND OTHER BOOKS RELATING TO THE BEWLEY FAMILY IN CUMBERLAND

1. A cursory relation of all the antiquities and families in Cumberland by Edward Sandford (written circa 1675), edited for the Cumberland and Westmorland Antiquarian and Archæological Society by Richard S. Ferguson.—(Cumberland and Westmorland Ant. and Arch. Soc. Tract Series, No. 4.) Page 32 : “Then you come to Heskett, a little manor house and town anciently belonging to the Buleys, but now sold to Sir Wilfred Lawson who enjoys it.”

2. Accompt of the most considerable estates and families in the County of Cumberland from the Conquest unto the beginning of the reign of King James (the first), by John Denton of Cardew.—(Cumberland and Westmorland Ant. and Arch. Soc. Tract Series, No. 2, 1887.) Note.—Seven MSS. of this appear to exist. One is written in the handwriting of Mr. William Gilpin, Recorder of Carlisle, and bears on the fly-leaf his signature, with the date August 20th, 1687, and it has been copiously annotated by him. Another copy is in the handwriting of Mr. William Milbourne of Lincoln’s Inn and Armathwaite Castle, Cumberland, who was also Recorder of Carlisle. Denton’s MS. was brought down by him to the year 1610, by Gilpin to 1687, and by Milbourne to 1749. 144 APPENDIX B

At p. 55, when describing the parish of Caldbeck and how it was brought into cultivation, he says :— “First that part towards Greystock, as Hesket1 and Haltclugh, were brought into tillage as best fitting for corn, which is the lower end of the dale, and thereforth the hamlet at the Church standing higher in the dale was called Caldbeck up in the town, and contractly Uppeton.” In an Appendix of documents collected by Mr. Recorder Milbourne (pp. 176, 177) is found a grant by Sir William de Clifford to Sir John de Skelton of lands and tenements “in Whytrig Belysis cum Thornebank in Villa de Torpenhow.” One of the witnesses to its execution is William Beulieu, and it is dated in the seventh year of the reign of Henry IV., on the feast of St. John the Baptist, i.e. 24th June, 1406.

3. The History and Antiquities of Westmorland and Cumberland by Joseph Nicholson and Richard Burn (1777), vol. ii., p. 136. After describing Caldbeck it proceeds :— “Half a mile higher southward within this parish stands Hesket, being a mesne manor within the Earl of Egremont’s, and a market town, having a market on Friday weekly, whereof Sir Gilfrid Lawson of Brayton, baronet, is lord, who succeeded his brother Sir Wilfrid, son of Sir Alfred, brother of Sir Gilfrid, son of Wilfrid, who was second son of Sir Wilfrid Lawson of Isel, baronet, which last named Sir Wilfrid had it as heir to his mother Elizabeth, who was daughter and sole heir of William Beauly, esquire, it having continued in the male line of the Beaulies for several hundred years before.” 1 “I have seen an old brass seal belonging to the Bewlies (penes Wilfrid Lawson de Brayton, who now enjoys the estate of Heskat by the gift of Sir Wilfrid Lawson, Knt. and Bart., his father, who purchased the same of the Bewlies his mother’s kinderd), the seal is this coat of arms (arg. a chevron between three daws’ heads erased sable), but the inscription about it is (in the German character used in England about 200 years ago) : Sigillum Johannis Sutton, so that (it seems) the Bewlies had this coat from the Suttons, together with the estate by the heirs general.”—Gilpin. “It is now called Hesket Newmarket from the market lately set up there, and in contradistinction to another Hesket in the forest of Englewood. It was, according to Mr. Gilpin, formerly the estate of the Suttons, and descended from them by the heirs general to the Bewlies. Sir Wilfrid Lawson of Ishall, Bart. (whose mother was a Bewley), purchased it of his mother’s relations, and gave it to Wilfrid Lawson, Esq., of Brayton, his second son (afterwards Sir Wilfrid), in whose family it is, 1749.”—Milbourne MS. THE BEWLEY FAMILY IN CUMBERLAND 145

4. History of the County of Cumberland by William Hutchinson (1794), vol. ii., p. 376, in notis. Referring to Hesket it says: “ It is now called Hesket-New-Market from a market lately set up there and in contradistinction to another Hesket in the forest of Englewood. It was, according to Mr. Gilpin, formerly the estate of the Suttons, and descended from them by the heirs general to the Bewlies. Sir Wilfrid Lawson of Ishall, Bart. (whose mother was a Bewley) purchased it of his mother’s relations, and gave it toWilfrid Lawson, Esq., of Brayton, his second son (afterwards Sir Wilfrid), in whose family it is, I749.”—Gilpin. Page 392, in notis : “Wood-Hall, in this parish, was famous for the residence of George Fox, the founder of the Quakers, when he established his religion.”

5. History and Topography of the Counties of Cumberland and Westmoreland by William Whellan (Pontefract, 1860). At page 221 : It describes Caldbeck parish as containing 24,280 acres and as being divided into townships of (1) Low Caldbeck; (2) High Caldbeck; (3) Caldbeck Haltcliff; (4) Mosedale; and (5) Swineside. And at page 234, in the description of the township of Caldbeck Haltcliff, it states : “Haltcliff Hall, in this township, is a very ancient structure, several inscriptions about which denote that it was for a long period the residence of the Bewleys, some of whom were Knights of the Shire temp. Richard II., Henry IV., and Henry V. The elder branch of the family became extinct, in the reign of Charles I., when the heiress married one of the Lawson family. The Messrs. Lysons state that they were not able to ascertain the arms of the Bewleys of Hesket; but a year or two since the present owner of Haltcliff Hall, in pulling down a dry wall, found different armorial bearings, which formed a perfect shield, many of the quarterings being identical with those borne by the titled family of Boileau1 in the south of England;

1 The arms of Sir John Peter Boileau, Bart., of Tacolstone Hall, Norfolk, are : az. a tower triple towered, masoned sa. in base a crescent. The crest, a pelican in her piety ppr., charged on the breast with a saltier, couped gu., the nest resting on a coronet. The motto, “De tout mon cœur.” L 146 APPENDIX B so there can be no doubt that these families have the same origin. The Cumberland Bewleys have been Quakers since the time of George Fox, who resided with them at Woodhall, in this parish. Haltcliff Hall has for some time belonged to Jackson Gillbanks, Esq., of Whitefield, who has a large estate here; it is now occupied as a farm house. The manor of Hesket, containing 150 acres, in the township of Haltcliff, is a mesne manor within that of General Wyndham. The heiress of William Beauly or Bewley, Esq., whose ancestors possessed it for many generations, brought it in the reign of Charles I., to the Lawsons, and it is now held by Sir Wilfrid Lawson, Bart.” Page 225 : “At Gilfoot is a Friends’ meeting house erected in 1729. At one period this body had a place of worship at Woodhall, in this township, the remains of which are yet visible. Woodhall, the property of John Jennings, Esq., was formerly the seat of the Bewley family.” Page 223 : “A Friends’ meeting house at Caldbeck High, another near Hesket, and another at Mosedale. The Quakers do not now meet in these chapels, having become absorbed in the church.” Page 543 : In describing Greystoke Church it mentions the following amongst other monumental inscriptions :— “Under this stone lyeth Willm Bewley and Esabell Whitlay his doughter, which Esabell deptyd ye v daye of february Ano Dni movcxliij on whoe soule Jhu have mcy. Amen.”

6. Magna Britannia by Rev. David Lysons and Samuel Lysons, vol. iv. (Cumberland), 1816. Page lxix. : GENTRY.—Beauly or Bewley of Hesket. “Some of this family were Knights of the Shire temp. Richard II. &c. The elder branch became extinct in the reign of Charles I., when the heiress married Lawson. Mr George Bewley of Woodhall in Caldbeck is descended from a younger branch. We have not been able to ascertain what arms were borne by the Bewleys of Hesket.” THE BEWLEY FAMILY IN CUMBERLAND 147

Page 51 : “The manor of Hesket, in the township of Haltcliff, is a mesne manor within that of the Earl of Egremont. The heiress of William Beauly or Bewley, Esq., whose ancestors possessed it for many generations1 brought it in the reign of Charles I. to the Lawsons. It is now, under the will of the late Sir Wilfrid Lawson, Bart., the property of Wilfred, a younger son of Thomas Wybergh Esq., who has assumed the name of Lawson.”

It will be seen that there are many inaccuracies in some of the foregoing passages. The manor of Hesket is represented as having come to the first Sir Wilfrid Lawson, Bart., as heir to his mother, whose name is erroneously given by Nicolson and Burn as Elizabeth, and who is alleged to have been the sole heir of William Beauly. She is also stated to have married in the reign of Charles I., although in fact the marriage took place early in the reign of James I. For these errors Thomas Denton, Recorder of Carlisle, is mainly answerable. In his MS. Perambulation of Cumberland in 1687—8 (in the possession of the Earl of Lonsdale), f. 58, the following passage occurs :— “This estate (Hesket Hall) came to his father Mr. William Lawson by a match with Elizabeth, the daughter and heir of William Bewley or Beaulieu : in whose familie that estate had continued by lineall discent 300 years.”2 With respect to Whellan’s statement as to the remains of armorial bearings, alleged to have been discovered at Haltcliffe Hall, inquiry has been made, and it has been ascertained that only some roses and other matters of a purely decorative character were found. There was nothing in the nature of a shield ; and it is hardly likely that old Thomas Bewley, who built Haltcliffe Hall in the year that he became a follower of George Fox, would have put any armorial bearings on the mansion. If he did, the natural place to have put them was where the inscription recording the building of the Hall appears ; and in any case he could not have been so ignorant of the arms of the family, as to confound them with those of the Boileaus, who were not connected in any way with the Bewleys. 1 Some of the Beauly family were Knights of the Shire temp. Ric. II., &c. 2 For this quotation I am indebted to the Rev. James Wilson, M.A. L 2 APPENDIX C

CONNECTION BETWEEN THE BEWLEY AND MONSELL FAMILIES George Bewley of Dorset-street, Dublin, by his will dated 29th June, 1780, devised and bequeathed all his messuages, houses, lands, tenements, and hereditaments in Ireland (except certain leaseholds specifically bequeathed to his wife Mary, and a lease of premises in City Quay, Dublin, bequeathed to Amos Strettle of the city of Dublin, merchant) to trustees, upon trust to settle the same on the Testator’s wife and children, as therein mentioned, and in default of issue, in trust for, and to the use of, the Testator’s niece, Hannah Monsell, wife of William Thomas Monsell, for her life, for her separate use, with remainder to Amos Monsell, her second son, for his life, with remainder to his first and other sons successively in tail, with remainder to his daughters as tenants in common in tail, with cross remainders between them in tail, with remainder to the third and every other younger son of Hannah Monsell successively in tail, with remainder to William Monsell, the eldest son of the said Hannah Monsell, for his life, with remainder to his first and other sons successively in tail, with divers remainders over. And the Testator directed a proviso to be inserted in the settlement, that Amos Monsell, and all in remainder after him, should use the surname of Bewley, in addition to his or her surname, and in default should forfeit all rights to the estates. And after giving various pecuniary legacies, the Testator appointed Amos Strettle and Joseph Inman executors of his will. George Bewley died on 15th April, 1782, without issue, and his will was proved in the Prerogative Court, Dublin, on 27th May, 1782. On the death of the Testator’s widow, Mary Bewley, which took place in 1793, the property devised by the Testator’s will passed to the Monsell family, subject to the trusts and limitations mentioned in the will. The Pedigree opposite shows the connection between the Bewley and Monsell families.

APPENDIX D EXTRACT FROM THE RECORDS OF EDENDERRY MEETING AS TO MUNGO BEWLEY “The Testimony of the Monthly Meeting of Edenderry concerning our dear friend Mungo Bewley deceased.” “A testimony lives in our hearts to the memory of this faithful elder and minister of Christ, his removal being a great loss to the Church in general and to us in particular, having devoted himself to the service of Christ our Lord, leaving all for his sake, when called thereto, and freely giving up himself to spend and be spent for promoting piety in the earth. He was son of Thomas and Margaret Bewley of Woodhall in Cumberland, born the 3d of the 4mo 1677. He was favoured in his young years with a tender visitation of the love of God, and so great became his concern to get out to week day meetings, that we find amongst his papers one which was writ by him in the time of his apprenticeship to his master, requesting either to know his work that he might make preparation against the meeting time, or be allowed to pay for the time after his apprenticeship expired. He came over into this nation, and settled in the compass of this Meeting ; and as he farther grew in the saving knowledge of the truth he received a dispensation of the Gospel (not long after his coming over hither), whereof he became a living and powerful minister, being made instrumental to the exaltation of the testimony of truth, the honour of his great Lord, and the edification of his Church and heritage, tendering the spirits of the honest hearted, and many times with consolating sweetness, and healing the afflicted and wounded in spirit. He was diligent in attending meetings both for worship and discipline at home and abroad, and concerned that others might be so too : often lamenting the lukewarmness of such as would neglect their duty, and that declined a due attendance of week day meetings. RECORDS OF EDENDERRY MEETING 151

He several times crossed the seas to visit Friends in England, Scotland, and Wales ; once to Holland, and once to America, on which latter journey he was abroad about two years, and wherein we find by account from sundry parts of that Continent he had a time of service for the Lord, and very acceptable to Friends, and left a good savour behind him, both in his ministry and conduct. For indeed we may say his grave, solid, weighty behaviour adorned his ministry. He always travelled in truth’s service with the unity and approbation of Friends, and was careful when abroad not to make the Gospel chargeable or burdensome, nor to overstay the time of his service ; and when at home was industrious and careful in business, wherein the Lord prospered his undertakings and enabled him not only to provide plentifully for his family, but also to do good in his neighbourhood, and gain esteem by his conversations and upright dealings in commerce and converse. Thus he preached well at home divers ways ; he was careful to train up his children in the nurture and admonition of the Lord, and was of good service in visiting families of Friends, wherein he was often drawn forth in great love, particularly to the youth, to exhort and encourage them to make choice of that good part, which will be an everlasting portion to them that retain it to the end. He was helpful to Friends in this nation in the discipline of the Church, for which service he was well qualified, and furnished with a good understanding and sound judgment, being also zealous for good order, the peace of the Church, and maintaining the testimony of the truth against wrong things and undue liberties, having often a word of advice and counsel pertinent to the matter in the authority of truth to deliver in those meetings, wherein he seemed, in his elder years, to be somewhat of an aid and check on forward spirits, but an encourager of that which was of the right birth. He was of a noble mind and a cheerful disposition, pleasant and edifying in conversation, liberal and openhearted to Friends and others, a tender sympathiser with the afflicted, the widows and fatherless, a nursing father to young travellers in the way to Sion, yet not hasty to lay hands on those that were more in show than substance, being endued with a good degree of the spirit of discerning. He was a man of integrity and firmness, like a fixed pillar, deliberate and careful in forming a judgment in things that concerned the good of the Society, and not apt to be tossed to and fro 152 APPENDIX D or easily turned aside therein, and yet we have particularly to remark that he was a humble minded man, often signifying his own fears respecting himself, and his earnest desire that he might hold out to the end, and that he might not die or decay as to truth in old age ; and we have no doubt of his desire being answered, for his candle burned bright to the last, being very sweet and lively in his testimony in our week day meeting the day before he took his last illness, which held not quite three days, wherein he departed quietly out of this life, and we doubt not entered into the habitation of the righteous, there to sing high praises to the Lord God and the Lamb who is worthy for ever and ever. He departed this life the 3d of the 3d month 1747 in the 70th year of his age, and having been a minister about 40 years, and was buried in Friends’ Burying Ground near Edenderry (accompanied both by his neighbours and by Friends from many parts of Leinster Province) the 6th of said month. Signed in and on behalf of our Monthly Meeting at Edenderry the 4th of the 3d month 1748. By John Pim (and 21 others).” APPENDIX E

THE RELATIONS OF THE BEWLEYS OF CUMBERLAND WITH THE SEE OF CARLISLE

When, and under what circumstances, the connection between the Bewleys and the See of Carlisle first began cannot now be determined, but that it existed for a long time can hardly be questioned. The spiritualities of the Bishopric of Carlisle included, amongst other things, the tithes of corn and hay of the parish of Aspatrick, afterwards Aspatria; and the temporalities comprised, in Cumberland, the lordship or barony of Dalston, with Rose Castle (which from a very early period has been the residence of the bishops), the lordship or barony of Linstock and Crosby, and certain lands and tenements in Aspatrick, Penrith, and Pettrelwray, and in Westmorland, the manor of Beaulieu or Bewley (in which Bewley Castle was situate), and certain lands in Colby. The bishop had also a tenement at Haltwisill in Northumberland, the lordship of Horncastle in Lincolnshire, and certain lands and rents in Middlesex.1 The manor courts of these lordships and manors were presided over by the bishop’s steward (senescallus), who exercised judicial functions in the customary courts ; and other duties connected with the management of the property, and the receipt of the rents, were discharged by the bishop’s receivers and bailiffs. To these officials certain fees were payable by the bishops, which appear very small nowadays, but in the case of the steward they were supplemented by court fees, payable by suitors and tenants. Roger de Beaulieu, mentioned at p. 47, ante, took, as will be recollected, an active part on the side of John de Rosse, Bishop of Carlisle, in the contention between the bishop and the prior of Carlisle, and was named as the first defendant in the action brought by the prior, in 5 Ed. III. (1331), for an alleged trespass at Dalston.

1 Valor Ecciesiasticus Hen. VIII., vol. v., p. 273. 154 APPENDIX E

In the light of the information given further on as to the relations of the Bewleys with the See of Carlisle, it may be conjectured that this Roger de Beaulieu was one of the officials of the bishop connected with the barony of Dalston, and that it was for his acts in that capacity he was made the principal defendant in the action brought by the prior. Since the greater portion of the present work was in print, the following extracts from the Ministers’ accounts of the Bishops of Carlisle, now remaining in manuscript rolls in the Diocesan Registry of Carlisle, have been most kindly furnished to the writer by the Rev. James Wilson, M.A., of Dalston, the distinguished editor of the Victoria History of Cumberland :— “Arreragia super finem compoti magistri Roberti Kylyngall, utriusque iuris baccularij, receptoris venerabilis in Christo patris et domini, domini Edwardi Story, dei gracia Karliolensis episcopi, infra diocesin suam Karliolensem et comitatus Cumbrie et Westmerlandie, ij annorum et dimidii, finientium in crastino Sanctorum Michaelis Archangeli et Martini in hieme, anno regni regis Edwardi Quarti nono, debita per diversas personas, quarum nomina et cognomina unacum summis hic subsequenter patent particulariter. Expense computantis, auditorum, et aliorum...... Et in expensis auditorum, ipsius hic computantis, Ricardi Beaulieu, et aliorum officiariorum, et tenencium domini, ac diversorum extraneorum superveniencium apud Rosam, existente tempore auditus compotorum omnium ministrorum domini computabilium infra diocesin predictam mense Octobris in fine huius compoti per x dies, ut patet per parcellas examinatas, xlvij8. Expense senescalli, cum aliis parcellis...... Et in solucione pro expensis Ricardi Beaulieu, senescalli baronie ibidem (Dalston), ad xiij curias superius oneratis, ut patet [in] rotulis curiarum, cum xijd solutis pro pergameno, rotulis, et extractis dictarum curiarum. [Et in feodo Ricardi Beaulieu, senescalli baronie predicte, et apud Lynstok, ut pro uno anno, finiente in fine huius compoti, Ut in precedente, liijs iiijd ” 1 This extract from the account of Robert Kylyngall, the receiver of Edward Story, Lord Bishop of Carlisle, shows that in 9 Ed. IV. 1 The portion within brackets has a line drawn through it, as if entered on the wrong roll. BEWLEYS OF CUMBERLAND AND SEE OF CARLISLE 155

(1469), Richard Beaulieu was the bishop’s steward of the baronies of Dalston and Linstock, and received the yearly fee of 53s. 4d. He appears also to have been paid for the expenses incurred at thirteen Courts held by him, including the price of parchment for Court Rolls, and for copies of entries given to tenants. This was plainly the Richard Beaulieu, or Bewley, who had been a burgess for Carlisle in the Parliament of 38 Hen. VI.,1 and who was in the Commission of the Peace for Cumberland in 3 Ed. IV. (1463), 5 Ed. IV. (1466), and 11Ed. IV. (1471).2 The next extract, which is on the same Roll, refers to the tithes belonging to the See in the parish of Aspatrick, now Aspatria :— “Askepatrik. Onus Willielmi Clerke, propositi ibidem, a crastino Martini anno vij usque idem (sic) crastinum anno ix, per ij annos. Arreragia nulla, sed respondet de xij1 iiij8 de precio xx eskepparum et vj busellorum farine villarum de Askpatrick, dimisse vicario ibidem et sociis, pro xiij eskeppis dimidia minus quarterio in anno precedente, per ij eskeppas dimidiam decimarum de Alwardby dimissas Ricardo Stele et sociis, pro v eskeppis xiij busellis ut in precedente ; Ultresete, Willielmo Martyndale, militi, pro v eskeppis, precium eskeppe viij8, et Brayton pro v eskeppis iiij busellis sic dimissis Ricardo Beaulieu, nuper dimissis nuper vicario ibidem pro xxxiij8 per indenturam.” 3 This is interesting, as showing that the connection of the Bewley family with Brayton existed so far back as Ed. IV. (1467). The following extracts are from the accounts of 18 Ed. IV. and 39 Ed. IV. :— “Compotus Walteri Story, ballivi baronie ibidem (Daiston), a crastino sancti Michaelis Archangeli, anno xviij0 regis Edwardi Quarto, usque crastinum eiusdem ffesti Michaelis extunc proxime sequentis anno ejusdem regis xjx0, scilicet per unum annum integrum ...... Et eidem receptori (Thomas Counden) alia vice de exitibus predictis (i.e. exitibus officii sui) per manus Willielmi Bieuley s[enescalli] ...... huius anni etc.4 Compotus Willielmi Clerke, ballivi ibidem (Askpatrick), a crastino sancti Martini in hieme, anno xviij0 regis Edwardi Quarti, usque eundem crastinum eiusdem ffesti extunc proxime sequentis, anno eiusdem regis xix°, scilicet per unum annum integrum...... 1 Page 61, ante. 2 Page 62, ante. 3 It is difficult to make sense of this extract, as the entry in the original roll is crowded with corrections and interlineation. 4 The MS. is here imperfect. 156 APPENDIX E

Idem reddit compotum de vj1 vijs vjd receptis de precio xxv eskepparum vj bussellorum farrine avene provenientium ad decimam de omnibus villatis et hamelletis infra parochiam ibidem, tempore autumpni predicti, sic dimisse diversis personis, viz : decima de Aspatryk pro xiij eskeppis vj busellis sic dimissa Willielmo Bieuley, decima de Alwardby Agneti Louthre pro vj eskeppis, et decima de Ughtresete Willielmo Martondale, militi, pro v eskeppis, singula eskeppa ad vs, sic appreciata secundum precium optime farine avene in foro Karliolii existentibus proxime diebus marcati ante et post festa Sancti Andree apostoli et Purificacionis beate Marie Virginis post clausum huius compoti. Et eidem receptori (Thomas Counden) alia vice de exitibus predictis per manus Willielmi Bieuley senescalli curiarum domini (i.e. episcopi) sibi assignatis in partem feodi sui huius anni, xvijs iiijd.” The next extract is from an account indorsed “20 Ed. IV.,” which appears to be the correct date of the Roll :— “Feoda et vadia...... Et in feodo Willielmi Biewley, senescalli curiarum domini dominiorum suorum de Daiston et Lynstok, ad liijs iiijd per annum, viz: pro uno anno finiente ad festum Michaelis, infra tempus compoti, liijs iiijd.” Another Roll of the reign of Hen. VII., when Richard Bell was bishop, contains the following items :— “Compotus Willielmi Skelton, armigeri, receptoris generalis venerabilis in Christo patris et domini Ricardi, permissione divina Karliolensis episcopi, infra diocesin suam, etc., tam de omnimodis receptis suis quam de custubus, misis, et expensis per ipsum ad opus et usum dicti domini factis et solutis, a crastino sancti Martini in hieme, anno regni Henrici Septimi tercio, usque in idem (sic) crastinum anno regni eiusdem regis quarto, scilicet, per unum annum integrum, et ultra quoad misas et expensas usque in xijmum diem mensis Aprilis extunc proxime sequentis eodem anno quarto...... Idem respondet de cvjs viijd de precio garbarum decimalium ville de Askpatrik de autumpno supradicto sic dimissarum Willielmo Beaulieu per dominum nunc, per indenturam, per capitulum Karliolii confirmatam, cuius data est1 die 1 The day of the month, the month, and the number of years in the term are left blank in the original MS. BEWLEYS OF CUMBERLAND AND SEE OF CARLISLE 157

mensis anno domimi millesimo ccccmolxxxvij, ad terminum annorum, solvend. ad dicta festa sancti Andree apostoli et Purificacionis beate Marie Virginis proxime post clausum huius compoti, tamen in anno precedente dimisse fuerunt (i.e. decime) pro xiij eskeppis farine avene hoc anno dimissionis primo...... In feodo Willielmi Beaulieu senescalli domini infra baronias et dominia de Dalston, Lynstok et Crosby ad liijs iiijd per annum, percipiendos de precio garbarum decimalium de Askpatrik, ut pro uno anno finiente ad festum sancti Michaelis in fine huius compoti, ut in precedente, liijs iiijd. Willielmum Beaulieu de remanente parte garbarum decimalium ville de Askpatrik hoc anno, xls.” The William Beaulieu, or Bewley, referred to in the foregoing extracts was, without doubt, William Bewley of Hesket Hall, whose history is given at pp. 62—70, ante. Like his father Richard Beaulieu, or Bewley, he became steward of the Manor Courts of the Bishop of Carlisle, and he obtained even a more important letting of tithes in the parish of Aspatrick than his father. He was associated with John Penny, Bishop of Carlisle, and the Abbot of Holme-Cultram, in the Commission mentioned at p. 67, ante, and with other bishops of Carlisle in various Commissions of the Peace. The annual sum of 53s. 4d. payable to the steward was equivalent to eight nobles of 6s. 8d.; but 40s., or six nobles, of the amount, was the fee of office, and the remaining 13s. 4d., or two nobles, was allowed for an official robe or gown. This appears from the following extract from the accounts of 1461–2, when John Kyngescote was Bishop of Carlisle :— “Et in feodo Roberti Karlile iunioris, senescalhi domini infra dominia et maneria sua de Dalston et Lynstok, ad xls per annum, cum xiijs iiijd, nomine unius toge decentis, annuatim sibi sic concessos per dominum Marmaducum Lomley, predecessorem domini, per literas suas patentes, quarum data est xvj0 die Octobris, anno regni regis Henrici Sexti xxvjto, ut pro uno anno finiente in crastino sancti Michaelis in fine huius compoti, liijs iiijd.” The connection between the Bewleys of Cumberland and the See of Carlisle seems to have continued down to the time of the Reformation. The Ecclesiastical Survey made in 26 Hen. VIII. (1535), gives a 158 APPENDIX E full statement of the possessions, spiritual and temporal, of the Bishopric of Carlisle, and amongst the outgoings appears : 1— “Et in feodo Gcorgio Bewley clerico, receptori firmarum terrarum predictarum soluto annuatim, liijs iiijd.” The Rev. George Bewley was at this time vicar of Dalston, and vicar of Stanwix, Carlisle ; and the above entry shows that he was also receiver for the bishop of the rents of the See lands, and received the annual fee of 53s. 4d. Some alteration appears to have taken place in the office of steward, for at this time Henry, Earl of Cumberland, was high- steward (senescallus generalis), at the annual fee of 40s., and John Barnefeild was under-steward (subsenescallus), at the fee of 53s. 4d. The Rev. George Bewley was probably a son of Richard Bewley of Hesket Hall, and a grandson of William Beaulieu, or Bewley, whose position as steward of the bishop’s lordships and manors in Cumberland is referred to in the extracts from the accounts of 18, 19, & 20 Ed. IV., and 3 & 4 Hen. VII. The extracts given above from the Ministers’ accounts of the Bishops of Carlisle are an important addition to the early history of the Bewleys of Cumberland.

1 Valor Ecclesiasticus Hen. VIII., vol. v., p. 273. THE PEDIGREES

THE PEDIGREES

INTRODUCTORY As the Pedigrees extend over a period of nearly six centuries, and comprise a vast number of names1 and other particulars, they could not be conveniently printed on a single sheet. They will be found at the end of the Volume, and they have been divided in the following manner :— PEDIGREE A contains the main line of the Bewleys of Thistlethwaite and Hesket Hall in Cumberland, and some of the less important branches, including amongst the latter the junior line of the Bewleys of Woodhall, whose history is given at pp. 107—111, ante. PEDIGREE B is that of the Bewleys of Woodhall, Haltcliffe Hall and Ivegill in Cumberland, excluding, however, the descendants of Joseph Bewley of Hesket and Mungo Bewley of Edenderry, who are dealt with separately. In this Pedigree will be found the Irish descendants of George Bewley and Thomas Bewley, sons of Thomas and Margaret Bewley of Woodhall, as also the Irish descendants of George Bewley of Ivegill. But, as explained in Chapter VI., ante, all these Irish branches became extinct in the eighteenth century. PEDIGREE C contains the descendants of Joseph Bewley of Hesket. PEDIGREE D includes the descendants of Mungo Bewley of Edenderry, King’s Co., with the exception of the descendants of his grandsons Mungo Bewley of Mountmellick, Queen’s Co., and Samuel Bewley of Rockville, Co. Dublin, who are so numerous as to require separate Pedigrees. PEDIGREE E is that of Mungo Bewley of Mountmellick and his descendants. PEDIGREE F comprises the descendants of Samuel Bewley of Rockville. 1 The Pedigrees contain nearly 900 names, including those mentioned in alliances. M 162 THE PEDIGREES

The large figures to the right and left of the Pedigrees indicate the generation of the descent, starting from Thomas de Beaulieu of Thistlewaite. To trace the line of ancestors of any member of the family appearing in Pedigrees E or F one must turn in the first instance from the head of the Pedigree to Generation 15 in Pedigree D : then to Generation 13 in Pedigree B : and finally to Generation 8 in Pedigree A. The following contractions are used in the Pedigrees :— b. = born. bapt. = baptised. m. = married. d. = died. d.s.p. = died sine prole, i.e. without issue. d.v.p. = died vitâ patris, i.e. in the lifetime of his or her father. bur. = buried. M.I. = Monumental inscription. Cald. P.R. = Caldbeck Parish Register. Pen. P.R. = Penrith Parish Register. Cast. Sow. P.R. = Castle Sowerby Parish Register. Cumb. F. R. = Cumberland Registers of the Society of Friends. Ir. F. R. = Irish Registers of the Society of Friends. Sow. R.F.R. = Registers of Sowerby Row Meeting of the Society of Friends referred to at p. 44, ante. Lead. Papers = Leadbeater Papers. Selections from the MSS. of Mary Leadbeater (London, 1862). The Parish Registers are, of course, to be found at the respective Churches to which they belong. The original Registers of the several Meetings of the Society of Friends in Cumberland are now in the General Register Office, Somerset House, London, but copies of them are retained at the Registry of the Society in Devonshire House, Bishopsgate, London, and at the Registry at Maryport, Cumberland. It may be noticed that in Pedigree B the dates of the births of Thomas Bewley, the last Bewley owner of Haltcliffe Hall, and of his sisters are quoted from the Caldbeck Parish Register, and it might be imagined that they were members of the Church of England, and that the dates are those of baptism, but this is not so. In 1694 an Act (6 & 7 Will. 3, c. 6) was passed for granting to his Majesty certain rates and duties upon marriages, births, and burials, and upon bachelors and widowers, for a term of five years for carrying on the war against France with vigour ; and under sect. 24 of the Act the clergy within their respective parishes were required to keep a THE PEDIGREES 163 register in writing of all persons married, buried, christened or born, under a penalty £100. The entries in question were made by the Incumbent of Caldbeck under the provisions of this Statute. The Registry of the Society of Friends in Eustace Street, Dublin, contains the original registers of the Dublin, Edenderry, and Mountmellick Meetings, and of other Meetings in the Province of Leinster, as well as copies of all the Registers of the several Meetings in Ireland. These copies are in alphabetical form, and both the copies and original records are admirably preserved. The Pedigree of the present writer and his issue, from Thomas de Beaulieu of Thistlethwaite (living in 1332) to the present time, has been duly recorded in the Office of Ulster King-of-Arms in Dublin. Readers of the Pedigrees should bear in mind that until the 1st January, 1752, the civil year in England and Ireland dommenced on the 25th March ; and when examining Pedigree A, they should not be surprised to find that the will of Nicholas Bewley, dated 3rd December, 1577, was proved on 30th January, 1577, and that an Inquisition post mortem was held on 3rd February, 1589, on the death of William Bewley of Hesket Hall, which took place on 7th April, 1589. December was the tenth month, and January the eleventh month, of 1577, and February, 1589, was ten months later than April, 1589. To prevent confusion, the dates taken from the Registers of the Society of Friends have been translated into ordinary nomenclature for the purposes of the Pedigrees. For example, the date of the birth of Richard Bewley, of Roosk, King’s County, as given in the Irish Registers of the Society of Friends, is 26/2/1700, and the date of his death 9/2/1778, but without such translation of the dates, persons not accustomed to reading old documents might fail to recognize that second month in the entry of the birth means April, while in the entry of the death it stands for February.1 1 In the old Mountmellick Register indorsed “Births and Burials from 1650 to 1798,” the change of style in the year 1752 is thus recorded :— “N.B.—In the year 1752, the two months which had before been called the 11th and 12th months (viz : those commonly called January and February), were ordered thenceforward to be called 1st and 2nd months ; and in the 9th month of that year, viz : September, 11 days were thrown out, so that the next day after the 2nd of the month was called the 14th, since which day all births and deaths are entered according to the new style, or the way of reckoning, ordered from that time by the British Legislature.” This was in conformity with the directions of the Epistle of the 6th Sept., 1751, referred to at p. 120, ante. M 2

INDEX

PART I. General Index

Accompt, John Denton’s, of Cumberland families, 56, 128, 143 Accounts, ministers’, of Bishops of Carlisle, 154-157. Aid, 25, 27. — granted to Hen. VII., 65. Aliens, tax on, 64. Arms, confirmation of, 131, 132—4. —— granted by magnates, 135. —— in trick, meaning of, 125. ——, Jenyn’s book of, 125, 126. ——, ——— roll of, 60, 125. ——, Northern roll of, 60, 124. —— of Bewley of Snayth, 128. —— — Boileau, 145. —— — Dalstons of Dalston, 135. —— — de Beaulieus and Bewleys of Cumberland, 60, 124—136. —— — —————— of Hainault, 135. —— — de Builly, 142. —— — Richard Bewle or Bewley, 60, 126, 127. —— — William Beaulieu, 59, 60, 125. ——, Ordinaries of, 125, 126, 127, 128, 131. ——, Visitation of, 112, 130, 131. Array, Commissions of, 66. Aske’s rebellion, 73, 74. Aspatrick, or Aspatria, tithes of, 153, 155, 156-7 Assart, meaning of term, 36. 166 GENERAL INDEX

Bailiffs of Bishops of Carlisle, 153, 155. Beaulieu and de Beaulieu, change of surname of, to Bewley, 5, 6. ——— family in Flanders, 12. ——— ——— Hainault, 11, 14, 15. ——— ——— ——— ranked as nobles, 15. ——— ——— Namur, 12. ——— , last instance in public record of original spelling of surname of, 72. ———, origin of family in Cumberland, 9–23, 139–142. ———, ——— place-name of, 1–4. ———, ——— surname of, I, 4, 5, 142. Bellingham, origin of surname of, 5. Bewley Castle, origin of name of, 3, 140–1. ———, derivation of, 1, 5, 6. ———, modern spelling of name, first instance of, 61. ———, origin of family of, in Cumberland, 9–23, 139–142. ———, ———— place-name of, 1–4, 140. ———, ———— surname of, 1, 4, 5, 142. ———, Sir Edmund Thomas, confirmation of arms to, 133–4. ———, —————————, registration of pedigree of, 131, 163. ———, variations in spelling of name, 7, 8. Births, when recorded in Parish Registers, 162. Bishops of Carlisle. See Carlisle. Borders, laws of, 29. ———, service on, 29, 30. ———, watchers of, 29, 30. Border raids, 58. ——— ——, conference as to, 58. Brayton, tithes of, 153, 155. Burgesses of Parliament, qualifications of, 61. Calendars of Patent and Close Rolls, 32. Capite, tenant in, 24, 74. Carlisle, bishops of, 47, 67, 141, 153, 154, 156, 157. ———, ————, bailiffs of, 153, 155. ———, ————, ministers’ accounts of, 154–157. ———, ————, receivers of, 153, 154, 156, 158. ———, ————, stewards of, 153–158. ———, ————, temporalities of, 153. ———, burgess for, 60, 61. ——, keeper of, 53. GENERAL INDEX 167

Carlisle, Leper Hospital of, 49. ———, Prior of, 43, 47, 74. ———, Priory of St. Mary, 42, 43. ———, siege of, 54. Close Rolls, 32. Commissions of Array, 66. —————— the Peace, qualifications for, 63, 64, 69. Commutation of arbitrary fines, 28. Confirmation of arms of Bewleys of Cumberland, 132–4. Contractions used in Pedigrees, 162. Copyhold tenure, 27. Cornage, 75. Court Rolls, 27, 28, 31. ————— of Manor of Caldbeck, 38. Crest, originally not hereditary, 132. —— of Bewleys, 132, 134. Cumberland, accompt by John Denton of families in, 56, 128, 143, —————, division of, into wards, 34. —————, list of gentlemen of, 29, 74, 76. —————, visitation of, in 1665, 130, 131. Customary tenure, 27. ————— freehold, 28, 77. Custos Rotulorum, 68. Dalstons, arms of, 135. De Banco Rolls, 47, 54, 56, 57, 58, 59, 71, 72. Demesne lands, 27, 39, 88.

Ecclesiastical Survey of Hen. VIII., 42, 157–8. Escheat, 26. Escheator, 26. ———— for Cumberland, 57. Feoffment, 31. Fine on alienation, 25, 26. —— payable by tenant, 28. —— ————————, commutation of arbitrary, 28. —— as a mode of transferring lands, 31, 32. Forest laws, inquisition under, 51. Frankalmoign, tenure in, 24, 42, 74. Free, or freehold, tenant, 27. 168 GENERAL INDEX

Friends. See Society of Friends. Froissart, reference to de Beaulieus in Chronicles of, 13, 14. Gentlemen of Cumberland, list of, 29, 74, 76. Gentry, extinction of smaller, 112. Gressome, meaning of term, 28, 108. Guardianship of minors, 25. Haltcliffe, lands of, when acquired, 92, 93. ————— Hall, building of, 93. ————— ——, inscriptions on, 93, 97. Hearth Tax Rolls, 43, 96. Hesket, manor of, sale of, 83–86, 128. ——— ————, when acquired, 69. ———, name of, derivation of, 39. ——— Hall, building of, 39. Imprisonment for nonpayment of tithes of Alice Nicholson, 96. ——————————————————– George Bewley, 96. ——————————————————– Thomas Bewley, of Haltcliffe Hall, 96. ——————————————————– Thomas Bewley, of Woodhall, 96. Inquisition post mortem, 26, 27. —————————— on Leonard Bewley, 48. ——————————— William Beaulieu, 59. ——————————— William Bewley, 80. ————— as to forest of Inglewood, 51. Inscription in Rickergate, Carlisle, 44. ————— on Haltcliffe Hall, 93, 97. —————— monumental brass in Greystoke Church, 70, 146. —————— Woodhall, 101. Ireland, emigration of Cumberland Friends to, 113. Jack, meaning of, as a term in armour, 75. Justices of the Peace, qualifications of, 63, 64, 69. Kentigern meaning of name, 38. Knight-service, tenure by, 24. Knight’s fee, 24, 64. GENERAL INDEX 169

Knight’s fees, book of, 74, 75. Knights of the Shire, 52, 54, 55, 56. ———————— , payment to, 55. Letter from Daniel Bewley of Dublin to Thomas Bewley of Woodhall, 104, 105, 116–7. Letters close, 32. —————, enrolment of, 32. ——— patent, 32. ——————, enrolment of, 32. Livery, 25, 26. ——— of seisin, 31, 64. Manor, 27. ———, bailiff of, 153. ———, courts of, 27. ———, ———, presentments of, 31. ———, mesne, nature of, 39. ———, receiver of, 153. ———, steward of, 153. ———, ————, high, 158. ———, ————, under, 158. Marches. See West Marches. Marriage, right of, 25, 26. Military tenures, 24–26. ———————, abolition of, 26. Ministers’ accounts of Bishops of Carlisle, 154–157. Monsell family, connection of Bewleys with, 118, 148–9. Months, designation of, by Society of Friends, 120, 163. Motto of Bewleys, 132, 134. Mungo, meaning of name, 39. Muster, Commissions of, 66. ——— Roll, temp, Hen. VIII., 44, 75. Ordinary of Arms, errors in, from inaccurate tricking, 126. ———————— of Robert Glover, 126, 127. ———————————————— copies of, 126, 127, 128. ———————— of William Dethick, 127. Parliament, Burgesses of, 60, 61. —————, —————, qualifications for, 61. 170 GENERAL INDEX

Parliament, Knights of the Shire for, 52, 54, 55, 56. Patent Rolls, 32. Pedigrees, contractions used in, 162. ————, introduction to, 161–3. Percy, pedigree of, 61. Pilgrimage of Grace, 73, 74. Portrait of Judith Lawson, 86, 129. Presentments of Manor Courts, 31. Primer seisin, 25, 26. Purpresture, 35. Quakers. See Society of Friends. Quia Emptores, Statute of, 39. Receiver of Bishops of Carlisle, 153, 154, 156, 158. Registers of Society of Friends, form of, 120. —————————————, custody of Cumberland, 162. —————————————, ————–, in Ireland, 163. Relief, 25, 26. Reliefs, Book of, of Northumberland estates, 68, 69. Rental. See Survey. St. Mungo, meaning of name of, 38, 39. Sallet, 75. Scutage, 24. Seal of Bewleys of Hesket, 86, 129, 132, 144. ——— Rev. Thomas Bewley of Carlisle, 130, 132. Sheriff Roll, 67. Socage, tenure in, 24. Society of Friends, designation of months by, 120, 163. ————————, foundation of, 94. Society of Friends, designation of months by, 120, 163. ———————–, meeting-house of, at Whelpo, 99. ———————–, ministers of, 113, 115, 118–119, 150–2. ———————–, registers of, 162, 163. ———————–, secessions from, 123. ———————–, sufferings of, 95, 96. Spelling of proper names, 6, 87. ——— variations of, in name of Bewley, 7, 8. Statesmen, 112. Steward of manor, functions of, 153. GENERAL INDEX 171

Steward of manor of Caldbeck, 103. ————– manors of Bishops of Carlisle, 153–158. Style, change of, 120, 163. Subsidies, 33. ————, amount of, 33. Subsidy rolls, 33, 34, 47, 48, 81, 82. Supervisors of will, functions of, 108. Surnames, origin of, 1, 4. Survey, ecclesiastical, of Hen. VIII., 42, 157–8. ——— of Honor of Penrith and Forest of Inglewood, 43, 81. ——— Northumberland estates, 38, 42, 43, 70, 79. ——— Wharton estates, 40, 76, 77, 89, 90. Tenant, copyhold, 27. ———, freehold, 27. ——— in chief, 24. ——— in frankalmoign, 24, 42, 74. ——— in socage, 24. Tenures under Feudal system, 24–26. ————————————, military, abolition of, 26. Testimony of Mountmellick Meeting as to Mungo Bewley, 150–152. Thraves, meaning of, 49. Thwaite, meaning of, 35. Tithes, accounts of lettings of, of Bishops of Carlisle, 155–157. ——–, proceedings for non-payment of, 95, 96. Towton, battle of, 62. Valettus, meaning of, 21. Visitation of Cumberland, 130, 131. ————— Yorkshire, 59. Wards, division of Cumberland into, 34. Wardship, right of, 25, 26, 27. Watches on the Borders. See West Marches. West Marches, Lord Warden of, 29, 30, 67. ——————, Watches on, 29, 30, 76. ——————, —————, Overseers of, 29, 30, 76, 78. ——————, —————, —————, letters to, 30. Wharton Manors, grant of, to Hen. VIII., 37. ———————–, survey of, 40, 76, 77, 89, 90. 172 GENERAL INDEX

Woodhall, demesne lands of manor of Caldbeck, 39, 88. ————, meetings of Society of Friends at, 99, 146. ————, ownership of, by Bewley family, 107. ————, rebuilding of mansion of, 93. Year, commencement of, in old style, 120, 163. PART II.

Index of persons

Alsopp, Charles, 102. ———, Elizabeth, 102, 103. Ambricourt, Sire d’, 16. Asbrigg, Jane, 90, ————, Mungo, 109, 110. Barcroft, Elizabeth, 122. ————, Ellen, 115. ————, John, 122. ————, Mary, 122. Barnard, Martha, 119. ———, Robert, 119. Barwick, Anthony, 77. ———, Joyce, 78. ———, Robert, 77. ———, Thomas, 77. Beaulieu, or de Beaulieu, Claire, 15. ——————————–, Gilbert, 21, 23, 47. ——————————–, Gilles, 12. ——————————–, Guillaume, 13. ——————————–, Henri, 15. ——————————–, Jacquemon, 15. ——————————–, Jacques, 11. ——————————–, Jean, 11. ——————————–, Judith, 15. ——————————–, Margaret, 49. ——————————–, Mary, 59. ——————————–, Richard, 14, 22, 23, 35, 36, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 60, 61, 62, 72, 154, 155. 174 INDEX OF PERSONS

Beaulieu, or de Beaulieu, Richard, Sir, 14. —————————, Robert, 5o, 54. —————————, Roger, 12, 21, 33, 34, 36, 47, 48, 153, 154. —————————, Thomas, 21, 22, 33, 34, 35, 46, 47, 48, 54, 60. —————————, Toussaint, 15. —————————, Vincent, 15. —————————, William, 36, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 124, 125, 126, 144. Beaumont, Jean, Sire de, 10, 16, 17, 18. ————, Werric de, 9. Belloc, Roger de, 47. Bewley, Abigail, 103. ———, Ann, 101, 102. ———, Anne, 82. ———, Barbara, 108. ———, Barcroft, 122. ———, Benjamin, 117. ———, Blessing, 115. ———, Bridget, 92. ———, Christopher, 75, 107. ———, Cuthbert, 78. ———, Daniel, of Dublin, 92, 104, 105, 113, 115–118. ———, ———, of Edenderry, 119, 121. ———, Dorothy, 92, 93, 94, 97. ———, Edward, 71. ———, Elizabeth, 91, 93, 102, 103, 104. ———, Ellen, 115. ———, Ellinor, or Eleanor, 60, 82. ———, Ephraim, 115. ———, Fanny, 122. ———, Frances, 80, 82, 83, 84, 98. ———, George, of Cork, 92, 114, 115. ———, ———, of Dublin, 115, 118, 148, 149. ———, ———, of Haltcliffe Hall, 93, 95, 96, 97, 98. -———, ———, of Ivegill, 91, 92, 113, 114. ———, ———, of Kendal, 104–107. ———, ———, of Killeen, 115, 117. ———, ———, of Knock, 102, 103, 113, 114. ———, ———, of Penrith, 90, 91. ———, ———, of Woodhall, 40, 41, 81, 82, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 112, 130, 146. INDEX OF PERSONS 175

Bewley, George, of Woodhall, junior branch, 89, 90, 107, 108, 109, ———, ———, Rev., of Dalston and Stanwix, 44, 158. [110, 111. ———, Gerard, 71. ———, Hannah, 115, 116, 149. ———, Isabel, 70, 71. ———, Isabella, 114. ———, James, 48. ———, Jane, 82, 87, 90, 91, 108, 110, 111. ———, Janet, 108, 109. ———, Joan, 77. ———, John, of Dereham, 74. ———, ——, of Hesket, 80, 85, 86, 87. ———, ——, of Roper’s Rest, 122. ———, ——, of Woodhall, 101, 102, 114. ———, ——, —————, junior branch, 75, 108. Joseph, 101, 102. ———, Joshua, 101. ———, Judith, 15, 80, 82, 86, 91, 129. ———, Leonard, 48, 108. ———, Lucy, 102, 114. ———, Mabel, 87, 91, 101. ———, Margaret, 90, 93, 99, 100, 101, 110, 150. ———, Marion, 77. ———, Martha, 119, 121. ———, Mary, 71, 93, 94, 99, 101, 102, 111, 113, 114, 116, 117, 118, ———, Matthew, 40, 75, 89, 90. [119, 148. ———, Mungo, of Ivegill, 43, 87, 90, 91, 92. ———, ———, of Mountmellick, 122. ———, ———, of Roosk, 115. ———, ———, of Woodhall and Edenderry, 100, 101, 113, 114, 118–121, 150–2. ———, ———, of Woodhall, junior branch, 108. ———, Ralph, 40, 71, 75, 107, 108, 109. ———, ———, Sir, 60. ———, Richard, of Carlisle, 61, 62, 127. ———,———, of Hesket Hall, 29, 30, 40, 42, 43, 68, 69, 70, 71–76, 80–83, 90, 101. ———, ———, of Roosk, 103, 114, 115, 116, 117, 163. ———, Samuel, 122. ———, Sarah, 101, 103, 104, 115, 116. ———, Susanna, 121, 122. 176 INDEX OF PERSONS

Bewley, Sybil, 109. ———, Thomas, 62, 65, 66, 116, 117. ———, ———, of Ballitore, 122. ———, ———, of Cork, 115. ———, ———, of Edenderry, 119, 121, 122. ———, ———, of Haltcliffe Hall, 40, 41, 90, 92–97, 98, 123, 131. ———, ———, of Hesket, 80, 84, 87, 91. ———, ———, of Hesket Hall, 29, 30, 39, 42, 74, 75–80, 82–85, 90. ———, ———, of Mountrath, 123 ———, ———, of Woodhall, 90, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 98–101, 102, 103, 104, 106, 150. ———, ———, —————–, junior branch, 110, 111. ———, ———, of Woodhall and Dublin, 101, 102, 113, 114. ———,———, Rev., of Carlisle, 44, 130, 132. ———, William, of Bromfield, 44. ———, ———, of Hesket Hall, 40, 43, 62–71, 77, 79, 80, 86, 87, 88, 144, 146, 147, 155, 156, 157 ———, ———, of Penrith, 40, 41, 83, 90, 91, 92, 93. ———, ———, of Woodhall, junior branch, 108, 109, 110. Blaykling, Hannah, 98. ————, James, 41, 98. ————, John, 41, 98. Blencowe, Adam de, 135. Boileau, Sir John Peter, 145. Bourges, Rodulfe, Archbishop of, 1. Bowman, Mary, I 13. Breasal Bealach, 5. Brisco, John, 71, 82. ———, Judith, 82, 85. ———, Richard, 71. Briswood, William, 36, 50, 51. Brom, John, 50. Browne, Anne, 82. ———–, Clement, 82. ———–, Cuthbert, 84. Burbanke, William, 72. Bush, Builli, or Builly, Ernald de, 139, 140, ———–———–——, Idonea de, 139, 140, 141, 142. ———–———–——, John de, 139, 140, 141. ———–———–——, Roger de, 139. INDEX OF PERSONS 177

Carlisle, Bishop of, Edward Story, 154. ————, ————, Hugh, 3, 141. ————, ————, John de Rosse, 47, 153. ————, ————, John Kyngescote, 157. ————, ————, John Penny, 67, 157. ————, ————, Marmaduke Lumley, 157. ————, ————, Richard Bell, 156. ————, ————, William Nicholson, 29. ————, Prior of, 43, 47, 153. Chandlee, Elizabeth, 121. ————, Joseph, 121. Clerke, William, 155. Clibborn, John, 115, 149. ————, Sarah, 115, 149. Coldman, Ann, 110. ————, Jane, 110. ————, William, 110. Dacre, Hugh de, 35, 53. ———, Humphry, 64. ———, Ralph, 65, 66. ———, Ranulph de, 36, 51, 52, 62. ———, Thomas, Lord, 66, 67. ———, William, Lord, 72. Dacres, Sir Christopher, 67. Dalston, Robert de, 135. Dalton, John, 105, 106. ———, Jonathan, 106. ———, Joseph, 105. De la More, John, 55, 124. Denton, John, 71, 128, 143. ———, Mary, 59, 71. Derlay, Swein de, 23, 50. Dethick, William, 127, 131. Dugdale, William, 130. Eglesfield, or de Eglesfeld, Joan, 22, 49. ———–———–—————, John, 22, 23, 49, 50. ———–———–—————, Robert, 21. Fayle, Elizabeth, 122. ———, Mary, 118. N 178 INDEX OF PERSONS

Fayle, Nehemiah, 122. ——–, William, 118. Fennell, Blessing, 115. ———, William, 115. Fox, George, 94, 95, 145, 146, 147. Froissart, Jean, 12. Garrett, Anne, 115. ————, John, 115. ————, Mary, 115. Garth, Jane, 82. ——, Richard, 82. Gill, Anna, 99. Gilpin, William, 129, 143. Gloucester, Richard, Duke of, 62, 63. Glover, Robert, 126. Gough, Anne, 122. ———, Elizabeth, 122. ———, James, 122. ———, John, 105, 106. ———, Mary, 122. Graham, or Grame, Elizabeth, 91. ————————, Mary, 91, 92. ————————, Richard, 71. Greenup, Deborah, 105. ———–, John, 104. ———–, Rachel, 104. ———–, William, 99. Greystock, or Graystock, John Lord, 64. ———————————, Ralph de, 57. ———————————, William, Baron, 135 Gribbell, Mary, 118, 119, 121. ———–, Nicholas, 118, 121. ———–, Sarah, 118, 121. Hainault, or Hainaut, John of, 10, 16, 17, 18. ——————————, Philippa of, 17, 18. ——————————, William, Count of, 17, 18. Harris, Hannah, 115, 116, 149. ———, John, 115, 149. INDEX OF PERSONS 179

Harrison, Edward, 104. ————, George, 104. ————, Mary, 104. ————, Richard, 104. ————, Sarah, 104, 117. ————, Thomas, 104. Havré, or Havrecq, Sire de, 18. Heritage, Elizabeth, 115. ————, Ephraim, 115. ————, Sarah, 115. Hoton, or Hutton, Hugh, 65, 67. ————————, William de, 50, 51. Inman, Elizabeth, 115, 119. ———, Ellen, 115. ———, Joseph, 115, 119. ———, Martha, 119. Isabella, Queen of Ed. II., 16, 17. Jackson, Sarah, 118. Jennings, John, 41, 107, 146. Karlile, Robert, 157. Kirkbride, or Kyrkbryde, George, 67. Kinkoswald, Roger de, 50. Kylyngall, Robert, 154. Lamplugh, John, 67. Langhorne, Elizabeth, 91. -————–, Thomas, 91, 92. Latymer, William de, 51. Lawson, Judith, 39, 82, 86, 129, 130. ———–, Wilfrid, 82, 129. ———–, ———, Sir, 39, 82, 86, 128, 129, 130, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147. ———–, William, 39, 82, 83, 84, 85, 128, 130, 147. Leadbeater, Mary, 162. Leconfield, Baron, 38. Lisle, Sir Humfrey, 65. Lonsdale, Earl of, 38. Louther, or Lowther, Robert de, 53. 180 INDEX OF PERSONS

Low, Catherine, 114. ——, Mary, 114. ——, William, 114. Lowther, Gerard, 91. ———–, ———, Sir, 91. Lucock, Joshua, 41, 98. Lucy, Thomas Lord, 37. Machell, Hugh, 78. ————, Nicholas, 78. ————, Richard, 73, 78 Mark, Margaret, 93, 100, 101. ——–, Thomas, 93, 100. ——–, ———, junior, 94, 100. Meschines, Ranulph de, 135. Milbourne, William, 143, 144. Milthorp,John, 57. Monceux, Hamond (or Amandus), 53, 124. Monsell, Amos, 148, 149. ———–, Hannah, 118, 148, 149. ———–, William, 148, 149. ———–, ———–, Thomas, 148, 149. Neville, John de, 53. Nicholson, Alice, 96. ————–, Cornelius, 105. ————–, Richard, 89. ————–, Robert, 84. Nicolson, Mungo, 110. Northumberland, Henry, 1st Earl of, 37. ———————–, ——–, Algernon, 5th Earl of, 69. ———————–, ——–, ———–, 6th Earl of, 37, 42, 70. ———————–, ——–, Percy, 8th Earl of, 43, 79. Pearson, James, 89. Pennington, John, 65, 67. Percy, Ellinor, 60, 61. ——–, Robert, Sir, 60, 61. ——–, Thomas, 42. Philippa, of Hainault (Queen of Ed. III.), 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22. INDEX OF PERSONS 181

Pim, Dorothy, 122. —–, Elizabeth, 121. —–, John, 122, 152. —–, Mary, 122. —–, Susanna, 121, 122. —–, Tobias, 121. —–, William, 122. Pleadwell, Mary, 122. Priestman, Jane, 99. ———–—, Thomas, 99. Raghton, Ivo de, 50. Rap, or Rafe, Margaret, 91. Ratclif, Edward, 69. Rawlinson, Sarah, 98. Richardson, William, 89. Richmond, Christopher, 82. ———–—, Eleanor, 82. Rodingus, 2. Rydeley, Nicholas, 65. St. Kentigern, 38. St. Mungo, 38. St. Rouin, 2. Salkeld, Jane, 81. -———, John, 40, 92, 93. -———, Mary, 93. -———, Richard, 81. -———, Thomas, 43, 71, 80. Savage, Arthur, Rev., 96. Scott, Abraham, 116. ——–, Isabella, 114. ——–, Joseph, 103. Simpson, Lancelot, 98. Skelton, Clement de, 33, 52, 53, 124. ——–—, John de, Sir, 56, 144. ——–—, Margaret, 59. ——–—, Robert, 56, 59. ——–—, William, 156. Somerset, Charles, Duke of, 38. Sowerby, John de, 54. Stockdaill, Christopher, 110. 182 INDEX OF PERSONS

Stockdaill, Jane, 110. Stordy, Elizabeth, 93. Story, Walter, 155. Strangman, Anne, 122. ————–, Fanny, 122. ————–, Samuel, 122. Strettle, Amos, 115, 148, 149. ———, Hannah, 115, 118, 149. Sutton, or Sotton, John, 129, 144. Taylor, Elizabeth, 121. Thirlwall, John de, 52. Thompson, Robert, 73. Threlkeld, Henry, 57. Tibbs, Elizabeth, 122. ——–, Henry, 122. Tillioll, Peter de, Sir, 52, 56. Tipping, Anne, 105. Toppin, Richard, 87. Towneley, Bernard, 73. Turenne, Comte de, 1, 2. Veteriponte, Idonea de, 139, 141. ————–—–, Robert de, 140. Vienne, John de, 54. Walays, Ralph, 50. Wales, Arthur, Prince of, 6. Wharton, Philip, Lord, 28, 80. ————, ——–, Duke of, 38, 103. ————, Thomas, 37, 70. ————, ———, Sir, 28. ————, ———, Lord, 29, 38, 78, 108. Whitlay, Isabel (or Esabell), 70, 71, 146. Wilson, Benjamin, 116, 117. ——––, Mary, 99, 113. ———, Thomas, 99, 113, 116, 117. Wolsey, Cardinal, 67, 68. Wybergh, Thomas, 147. ——––—, Wilfrid, 147. Wylstrop, Robert, 59. PART III.

Index of places

Allerdale-above-Derwent, 34. ————–— below-Derwent, 34, 37, 81, 82. ————–— forest of, 78. Annandale, East, 102. Armathwaite, 56. Aspatria, or Aspatrick, 42, 43, 74, 75, 79, 80, 153, 155, 156, 157. Ayre, river, 60. Ballymacwilliam, 115. Barneville, 15. Beaulieu, or Bellus Locus, in Argonne, 2. ——————————–—–, — Bedfordshire, 2. ——————————–—–, — Durham, 3, 6. ——————————–—–, — Hainault, 9, 10, 11. ——————————–—–, — Limousin, 1. ——————————–—–, — the New Forest, 2. ——————————–—–, — Touraine, 2. ——————————–—–, — Westmorland, 3. ——————————–—–, — Worcestershire, 3. ——————————–—–, near Langres, 2. Bewdley, 3. Bewley, or Beaulieu, Castle, 3, 140, 141, 153. ————————–—, Manor, 141, 142, 153. Billingham, 3, 4, 5, 6. Blencarn, 33, 34, 35, 36, 46, 48. Braithwaite, 43. Brayton, 42, 43, 74, 75, 76, 77, 79, 80, 81, 86, 112, 155. Bromfield, parish of, 36, 42, 44, 57. Brough-under-Stainmore, 21, 73. 184 INDEX OF PLACES

Burgh, 23, 49. Burnfoot, 102. Caldbeck, church of, 37, 38, 144. [98. ————––, manor of, 28, 37, 38, 39, 41, 69, 70, 71, 75, 76, 80, 88, 94, ————––, parish of, 37, 41, 73, 78, 81, 96, 98, 100, 144,145. ————––, under-Fell, 37, 70, 76, 77, 80. ————–– Upton, 37, 38, 144. ————––, village of, 30, 75, 94, 144. Carlisle, town or city of, 4, 53, 54, 60, 61, 62, 73, 74. ——–—, Leper Hospital of, 49. Castlekairok, 23, 49. Castle Sowerby, manor of, 51, 54, 81. ——–———–—–, parish of, 35, 44. Clogmabanstane, 58. Cockermouth, 41, 73, 74, 98, 105, 130. ———–———–, Castle, 38, 68, 70. Corbridge, 65, 66. Cork, 114, 115. Cowpen Bewley, 3. Crokedayk, 23, 49. Cryngeldyk, 23, 49. Crosby, barony or lordship, 153, 157. Culgaith, 48. Cumberland ward, 34. Curthwaite Beck, 35. Dalston, 30, 36, 37, 44, 47, 78, 158. ————, lordship or barony of, 153, 154, 155, 156,157 Dearham, 44, 74. Dockray Hall, Penrith, 91, 92. Don, river, 60. Dublin, 113, 114, 115, 116, 122. Dundraw, 57. Edenderry, 103, 113, 118, 121, 122, 150. Eskdale ward, 34. Eskheved, 39. Gaitsgill, or Gatescales, 3. Gamelsby, 23, 49. INDEX OF PLACES 185

Glassonby, 22, 49. Greenrigg, 104. Grenhowe, 23, 49. Greystoke, 70, 144, 146. ————, barony of, 40, 93. Hallfield, 44, 99. Haltcliffe, or Haltclugh, 40, 41, 93, 144, 146, 147. ———— Hall, 41, 93, 94, 96, 97, 98, 112, 145, 147. Haltwisill, 65, 153. Havré, 9, 11, 18. Hedresford, 23, 49. Hesket Hall, 39, 40, 41, 84, 86, 87. ———, Manor of, 39, 69, 80, 112, 143, 144, 145, 146, I47 ———, Newmarket, 39, 144, 145. ——— Pasture, 76. Hesket-in-the-Forest, parish of, 36, 43, 56, 57, 91. Highhead, or Hegheved, 43, 51,82. Huttonskeugh, 76. Inglewood, forest of, 34, 43, 51, 52, 81. Isell, 39, 82, 83, 86, 144, 145. Ivegill, 43, 87, 91, 113, 114, 117. John’s Closes, 41, 81, 83, 93, 97, 98. Kendal, or Kirkby-Kendal, 104, 105, 106. Killeen, 117. Kirkland in Caldbeck, 86. ———–, parish of, 33, 34, 35, 48. Kirkthwaite, 35, 36, 51, 52, 59. Kishawanny, 114. Knaresborough, forest of, 20, 21, 47. Knock, 114, 117. Kyrethwaite, 35. Langholm, 23, 49. Langrigg, 36, 57, 58, 59. Langwathby, 36, 37, 48. Leath Ward, 34. Limerick, 121. 0 186 INDEX OF PLACES

Linstock, barony or lordship of, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157. Lowther Castle, 38, 76. Lykberg, 23, 50. Middlesceugh, 43, 51. Mosedale, 93, 94, 100, 146. Mountmellick, 122, 123. Mountrath, 115, 116, 122, 123. Newlands, 41, 81, 83, 84. Newtown Bewley, 3. Okedene, 21, 23, 47. Ostrevant, 16. Ousby, 35. Ouse, river, 60. Oxford, Queen’s College, 22. Ox Park, 40, 76. Penrith, town of, 37, 73, 74, 80, 90, 91, 92, 93. ——–—, Honor of, 43, 81. Pettrellwray, 36, 57, 59, 153. Plumbland, parish of, 44. Poitiers, 14. Raughton, or Raghton, 36, 37, 50. Roosk, 103, 115, 117, 163. Rose Castle, 153. Scaleby, 52. Scotton, 61. Sebergham, parish of, 41, 81, 83, 84, 93, 98. Shap, 77. Snayth, 60, 128. Sowerby. See Castle Sowerby. Sowerby Row, 44. Stanwix, 44, 158. Stotgill, or Stotgillhouse, 40, 76. Thistlethwaite, 33, 34, 35, 36, 48, 49, 53, 57, 58, 59. Torpenhow, 56, 144. INDEX OF PLACES 187

Ulnesby, 33,34, 35. Valenciennes, 9, 10, 11, 12, 16, 17, 19, 23. Vellinus, 1. Went, river, 6o. Whelpo, 97, 99, 101, 102, 104. Whitrigg, 56, 144. Woodhall, 39, 40, 41, 88—112, 145, 146 Woodhouse, 41, 98. Youghal, 115.

THE END