6142 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 8, 1978 in carrying out its functions under this 10 (2) (B) and any change in the Task Force training, experience, and attainments ls ex­ section. recommendations shall be made in further­ ceptionally qualified to analyze and interpret (b) The head of each department, agency, ance of that goal. However, the President economic developments, to appraise programs or instrumentality of the Federal Govern­ shall establish for both minority youth un­ and activities of the Government in the light ment is authorized to provide such support employment and youth unemployment in of the policy declared in section 2, and to and services to the Task Force, upon request general a specific numerical goal which in formulate and recommend national economic of the Chairman, as may be agreed between terms of labor-market tightness is equal to 3 policy to promote a program to determine the head of the department, agency, or in­ per centum adult unemployment. the effect of inflation on the income tax strumentality and the Chairman. TITLE II-AMENDMENTS TO THE EM­ structure, the effect of inflation on marginal (c) There are authorized to be appropriated PLOYMENT ACT OF 1946 tax rates and the percentage change of tax such sums and eighty days after submission returns filed in each bracket, the level of em­ of its final report as required under section ECONOMIC R"EPORT OF THE PRESIDENT ployment, production, real income, and pur­ 105 of this section. SEc. 201. Section 3(a) of the Employment chasing power under free competitive en­ (d) The Task Force or, on the authorization Act of 1946 is amended to read as follows: terprise. The President shall designate one of the Task Force, any subcommittee or "SEc. 3. (a) The President shall transmit of the members of the Council as Chair­ members thereof, may, !or the purposes of to the Congress not later than January 20 of man.". carrying out the provisions of this section, each year an economic report (hereinafter TAX IMPACTS OF INFLATION called the 'Economic Report') setting forth hold such hearings, take such testimony, and SEc. 203. (a) Paragraph (2) of section 4(c) sit and act at such times and places as the (1) the effects of inflation on the income tax of the Employment Act of 1946 is amended Task Force deems advisable. Any member structure, the effect of inflation on marginal to read as follows: ta.x rates and percentage change of tax re­ authorized by the Task Force may adminis­ "(2) to gather timely and authoritative in­ ter oaths or affirmations to witnesses appear­ turns filed in each bracket, the levels of employment, production, real income, and formation concerning economic develop­ ing before the Task Force or any subcom­ ments and economic trends, both current and mittee or members thereof. purchasing power in the United States and prospective, including the effect of inflation (e) There are authorized to be appropri­ such levels needed to carry out the policy on the income tax structure, the effect of ated such sums as may be necessary to carry declared in section 2; (2) current and fore­ inflation on marginal tax rates and percent­ out the provisions of this Act. seeable trends in the levels of marginal tax age of tax returns filed in each bracket, the rates, inflation, employment, production, real levels of employment, production, real in­ REPORT income, and purchasing power; (3) a review SEc. 105. (a) Upon submission of the final of the tax structure and economic program come, and purchasing power, to analyze and report, the President shall take steps to of the Federal Government and a review of interpret such information in the light of ascertain the views of each affected executive the economic conditions affecting employ­ the policy declared in section 2 !or the pur­ agency, and shall make a report, so at the ment in the United States or any consider­ pose of determining whether such develop­ time of the next submission of the Economic able portion thereof during the preceding ments and trends are interfering or are Report required under section 3 of the Em­ year and of their effect upon tax rates, infla­ likely to interfere, with the achievement of ployment Act of 1946, but in no event later tion, employment, production, real income such policy, and to compile and submit to than January 20, 1980, which sets forth the and purchasing power; and ( 4) a program for the President studies relating to such devel­ President's recommendations for reducing opments and trends;". carrying out the policy declared in section 2, (b) Paragraph ( 4) of section 4 (c) of the youth unemployment. Such report shall together with such recommendations for comment on- Employment Act of 1946 is amended to read legislation as he or she may deem necessary as follows: (1) the desirabiUty, feasib111ty, and cost of or desirable.". implementing each of the Task Force rec­ " ( 4) to develop and recommend to the COUNCIL OF ECONOMIC ADVISERS TO THE President national economic policies to foster ommendations and the actions taken or PRESIDENT planned with respect to implementation; and and promote a program to determine the (2) recommendations with respect to any SEc. 202. Section 4(a) of the Employment effect of inflation on the income tax struc­ legislation proposed by the Task Force, the Act of 1946 is amended to read as follows: ture, the effect of inflation on marginal tax rates and the percentage change of tax re­ need for any alternative or additional legis­ "SEc. 4. (a) There is hereby created in the Executive Office of the President a Council turns filed in each bracket, the level of em­ lation to implement the recommendations of ployment, production, real income, and pur­ the Task Force, and any other proposals to of Economic Advisers (hereinafter called the strengthen and reach the goals delineated in "Council"). The Council shall be composed chasing power and to promote free compet­ section 103(2) (B). of three members who shall be appointed by itive enterprise, to avoid ·economic fluctua­ the President, by and With the advice and tions or to diminish the effects thereof and (b) In no event shall the President alter consent of the Senate, and each of whom thus to maintain employment, production, the established goal as outlined in section shall be a person who, as a result of his and purchasing power;".

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS

AMBASSADOR LODGE ON THE an act of constructive statesmanship by one to Siberia. Shn11ltl we hand Alaska over to PANAMA CANAL of our great Presidents, Theodore Roosevelt. Canada or perhaps to Russia? Alaska is a It constitutes a notable public service by the state as is Hawaii. Yes-and we could con­ United States to the entire world. We should ceivably make a stnte out of the Panama HON. RONALD A. SARASIN not be apologetic but proud of this unprece­ Canal Zone. OF CONNECTICUT dented engineering achievement. We suc­ It is declared that the Latin Americans IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ceeded where the French failed. But for us, resent the North American presence in the the Panama Canal would not exist. In one Canal Zone. Yet there are many others who Wednesday, March 8, 1978 way or another it ha.s been paid for by us fear Russian r.nntrol of the canal by means many times over. of their control of 1''idel Castro's Cuba and • Mr. SARASIN. Mr. Speaker, a great Should we now .>ay that the Louisiana Castro's power and i:nfl.uence over Gen. Omar friend and statesman, Ambassador John Purchase, by which President Thomas Jeffer­ Torrijos Herrera., the· current, temporary, un­ Davis Lodge, has asked me to place the son bought one-third of the United States elected, left-wing, military dictator on Pan­ following article in the CONGRESSIONAL from Napoleon for $15 million, was a steal ama. And there are many others around the REcORD. The article appeared in the New and that therefore we should return this world who fea.r thHt the Panamanians, in ~ork Times on Novembe:r' 29, 1977, and vast area to France? And how about Alaska? spite of their t-hreats and promises. will not Is ~uthorized by Ambassador Lodge, I And Hawaii? run the canal as efficiently as we do. We run believe my colleagues will find this article It is asserted that the Panama Canal con­ it very well indeed. stitutes an anachronistic vestige of colonial­ Argentina, Flrazil, Chile, Bolivia. Uruguay, of great interest: ism in a decolonializing world. Certainly the Paraguay and F.:mador have anti-Communist [From the New York Times, Nov. 29, 1977] British, French, Spaniards and Portuguese Governments and fear Communist infiltra­ THE CANAL: A RAMPART have been shedding their colonies. But how tion of the Canal Zone. Many in these coun­ (By John Davis Lodge) about the Russians and their satellites? Are tries would drP.ad our relinquishing control these satellites not in eff.!Ct colonies? of it. WESTPO"i!.T, CONN.-The principal argu­ Moreover, the Panama Canal Zone is not a The principal argument advanced in favor ments vehemently raised in support of the colony. It is inhabited by many thousands of of the treaties is that, as General Torrijos Panama Canal treaties are not altogether Americans. True, it is not contiguous to the convincing. has warned us. tf thE•y are not ratified by the United States, as it is to Panama. Is con­ Senate there will be trouble in Panama­ It is alleged in screeching tones, that we tiguity then the criterion? Well then, how demonstrations, riots, bombs, guerrilla ac­ stole it. That is contrary to the record. It was about Alaska, contiguous to Canada and close tivity-and that therefore we must agree to

Statements or insertions which are not spoken by the Member on the floor will be identified by the use of a "bullet" symbol, i.e., 8 March 8, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 6143 the treaties as an act of appeasement-a Fisher, a native of San Pablo, has also cept upon which the Impact Aid Program mini-Munich, if you will-but, in effect, a been involved with the scholarship com­ was enacted in 1950. We have been pleased shot-gun arrangement. mittee for police officer candidates at with action by the Congress over the years We got tired of the Vietnam War, we re­ to blunt the intent of several presidents to fused to help in Angola, and so now it is pro­ College of San Mateo. severely curtail what we believe is a pro­ posed that 217 million Americans should cave His fraternal affiliation is with the gram with considerable equity in terms of in and run away before the ominous threat Native Sons of the Golden West. He has federal impact in relation to the burden of 1.5 million people in Panama. This is the held the statewide post of grand trus­ faced by local taxpayers. worst possible reason for ratification of the tee and is the past president of the To illustrate the importance of federal treaties, for it portrays us Americans as a local chapter. impact, there is $318.9 million of exempt supine pack of cowards, a paper tiger who I join his many friends in Hillsbor­ federal property in this county. If this prop­ will give in at the slightest threat of combat. ough and throughout San Mateo County erty was taxed (as is the case with other It is succumbing to blackmail. employers and home owners) the county This is the argument that would cause us in wishing him well in the years ahead, would receive about $12.5 mlllion in revenue. to lose face and friends and confidence in and hoping that they will be full, happy, Under the current Impact Aid Program this many parts of the world, particularly in and rewarding for him.• year we will receive between $2.5 million and South America, where our sanctimonious ser­ $4 m1llion dependent on action to be taken monizing about human rights has made us by the Congress and President Carter on an unpopular. IMPACT AID FY 1978 supplemental appropriation. Certainly the treaties can properly be re­ Of the 112,000 students enrolled in our vised. However, let us recognize that in the school system, approximately 25,000 students normal struggle in which we are inextricably HON. NEWTON I. STEERS, JR. come from homes where one or both parents involved, for the United States to surrender OF MARYLAND are in federal employment. This constitutes control of the canal will, in this jungle world, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES over 22 per cent of the student body. Obvi­ present the enemy with an advantage. While ously there is a considerable double negative in some ways the canal may be obsolete, in Wednesday, March 8, 1978 effect when on the one hand so much federal unfriendly hands it could present a difficult • Mr. STEERS. Mr. Speaker, the Presi­ property exists in an exempt status on the and dangerous problem for the United States, dent recently proposed major changes tax roll and on the other hand the only fiscal especially in the event of a showdown. support to the sc~ool system is the tax paid The overriding question is this: Is it in in the impact aid program which include by the home owner. The result negates the the interests of our national security, is it elimination of a broad category of stu­ long-standing philosophy that local tax in the interest of the United States as leader dents whose federally related parents burdens should be split 50-50 between em­ of the non-Communist world to lessen our are employed "out of county." This ployer property and employee property. In control of this vital waterway and rampart change is in addition to other cutbacks the instance of so much federal property this at a time when Russian imperalism, heavily in impact aid made in the education equation is obviously distorted. and increasingly armed, is very much on the amendments of 1974. These data. are cited to make a plea that march? The national interest must be the the Impact Aid Program be continued in determining factor. We should be governed I would like to share a letter written such a way that all federally-related students by geopolitical considerations. If we move by Elizabeth Spencer, president of the are eligible for -impact aid funds. ·We believe out, will the enemy eventually move in? e Montgomery County, Md., board of edu­ that a sense of fair play and equity support cation, to Congressman CARL PERKINS, t his plea. Your committee has demonstrated chairman of the House Education· and considerable leadership and influence in at­ POLICE CHIEF RUSSELL FISHER'S Labor Committee, about the basic equity tempting to keep the impact aid concept RETIREMENT in the impact aid program which has viable in the face of observable hostility been overlooked by the President's pro­ from the executive branch and some mem­ posals. bers of the Congress. Therefore, we express HON. LEO J. RYAN BOARD OF EDUCATION much appreciation to you and your com­ OF CALIFORNIA OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY, mittee and also the hope that you will be instrumental in effecting those amendments IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Rockville, Md., March 1,1978. Hon. CARL D. PERKINS, which will result in continuation of the Im­ Wednesday, March 8, 1978 Chairman, House Education and Labor Com­ pact Aid Program as it was before the serious mittee, Rayburn House Office Building, inroads inflicted through P .L. 93-380. e Mr. RYAN. Mr. Speaker, Chief Rus­ We will be pleased to provide an additional sell Fisher of the Hillsborough, Calif., Washington, D .C . DEAR MR. PERKINS: Today the news media documentation that you or any members of Police Department is one of those special indicated that you will chair a public hear­ your committee need from a typical local kind of persons who has made a life­ ing in tbe Alexandria (Va.) City Hall at school system which is adversely impacted time career of -qUietly effect1ve 1aw en­ 7:30 p.m. on Monday, March 6, concerning by- the presence of the federal governxnent forcement. That career has come to a the education proposals set forth yesterday a.nd the exemption of so much real property premature close at the age of 56 with by President Carter. Although we have not upon which most of our tax source must de­ Chief Fisher's disability retirement fol­ received a copy of the proposals it is ap­ pend. As stated above, I will request that lowing a heart attack last fall. parent from the news reports that they will you make this letter a part of the record for have considerable influence on local educa­ the March 6 hearing. Before joining the Hillsborough Police tion agencies throughout the country. Sincerely yours, Department as a captain in 1957, Fisher A contact with your staff indicated that ELIZABETH W. SPENCER, had served with the Oakland Police De­ your primary interest in this public hearing President.e partment and the California Highway will deal with impact aid (P.L. 815 and P.L. Patrol. He was appointed chief in 1962. 874) . Therefore, although we would prefer In his 15 years as Hillsborough's top to examine in detail the totality of the ad­ TELEVISING FLOOR ACTIVITIES law enforcement officer, Fisher was in­ ministration proposals in terms of program strumental in starting the county's and fiscal implications, because of the im­ portance of impact aid funds to this school HON. ROMANO L. MAZZOLI police training academy and was one system we hope you will make this letter a OF KENTUCKY of its first instructors. He was also one matter of record at the public hearing. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of the forces behind establishment of You are aware that P.L. 93-380, Education San Mateo County's Narcotics Enforce­ Amendments for 1974, made substantial Wednesday, March 8, 1978 ment Task Force. changes in the Impact Aid Program. A major • Mr. MAZZOLI. Mr. Speaker, the Rules It was primarily through Fisher's ef­ change was to eliminate from eligibility Committee recommended that the forts t:b.at the first K-9 unit in the those students whose federally-related par­ House operate its own system for the county was created after he had testified ents are employed "out of state." This re­ moved some 14,000 students from eligib111ty televising of floor proceedings. at numerous Senate hearings on the in our school system which has a current The Ad Hoc Subcommittee on Broad­ subject. enrollment of about 112,000 students. Since casting suggested that television net­ Development of an effective peace of­ enactment of that law we have received im­ work professionals operate the system. ficer association was a long-standing pact aid funds through the hold harmless I share the subcommittee's view. project with the chief. He is the past provisions. Recently, Congress decided to more president of the Bay Area Peace Of­ The proposal by President Carter includes among other changes the exclusion of eligi­ accurately represent its actions as re­ ficers Association and is still treasurer b111ty for those students whose federally­ flected in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD. of the peninsula branch. He served 1 related parents are employed "out of Now, there is differentiation between year as president of the Police Chiefs county." Thus, it appears as though there statements actually presented on the Association of San Mateo County. is a constant eroding away of the basic con- floor and remarks which are merely in- 6144 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 8, 1978 serted into the REcORD. The need for leagues that we are only deluding our­ We should not conclude any SALT II accuracy and completeness is important selves, if we believe that the Soviets are treaty-at least until we have definite proof and I endorse it. indeed sincere about reducing arms in that the Soviet Union is fulfilling the terms Television coverage of the floor action all areas-including Africa. Despite it agreed to in SALT I. must be presented just as fairly and ac­ American efforts to achieve Soviet co­ Also, we must be able to assure the curately and objectively as the printed operation in the demilitarization of the American people that the Russians are coverage of floor sessions. Indian Ocean, the Soviet Union con­ cooperating on other issues worldwide, I think the most appropriate way to tinues to remain the dominant supplier before we can, with confidence, conclude accomplish this is to establish a broad­ of arms to the Horn of Africa and in a new strategic arms agreement. I sub­ casting pool consisting of the ABC, CBS, particular, the most important supplier mit to my colleagues that if we do other­ NBC networks and public broadcasting. of destabilizing military equipment. wise, detente becomes a "form of self­ Coverage would be made available to all Through impressive logistical efforts, the delusion" that could eventually jeopard­ broadcasters and the pool would supply Soviets have significantly increased the ize the survival of our Nation and our the House with a complete record of its number and the quality of military people.• proceedings for archival purposes. equipment in the Horn including the The Rules Committee proposal recom­ supply of sophisticated combat aircraft mends that the House operate its own to Ethiopia. Moreover, it is reported that system for broadcasting. This means the Soviet Union has nearly 1,000 ad­ VIETNAM TO JOIN NUCLEAR House employees or Members would be visers and at least one general in Ethi­ COMMUNITY? in a position to control what is fed out­ opia at this time, in addition to nearly side the House Chambers. 10,000 Soviet-equipped Cuban troops. Even though such control might never As for Central Europe, the Soviets have HON. C. W. BILL YOUNG be exercised, I believe this system is de­ continued to stall the Mutual Force Re­ OF FLORIDA ficient as compared to the system which duction Talks

VETERANS MEDICAL CARE NEEDS U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, to prove that the debt limit legislation, JEOPARDIZED Washington, D.C., Feb. 28, 1978. taken alone, is meaningless. The debt Hon. DAVID F. EMERY, limit, however, takes on significance U .S. House of Representatives, when it is put in the real context of the Washington, D.C budget process because there it is pos­ HON. DAVID F. EMERY DEAR DAVID: The analysis of the President's OF MAINE budget for fiscal year 1979 made by the Com­ sible for Congress to affect the debt limit IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES mittee on Veterans' Affairs reveals that Maine level by altering the spending and reve­ will lose 60 operating beds in VA hospitals nue totals which determine the debt level Wednesday, March 8, 1978 within the State. This loss will take place in any given fiscal year. In other words, G Mr. EMERY. Mr. Speaker, as many of unless the funds are restored by the Appro­ a failure at the budget level comes when our colleagues are aware, the Veterans' priations Committee and the Budget Com­ line adjustments thereafter are possible Administration is seeking through budg­ mittee. Our deep concern that eligible vet­ and the debt ceiling can have meaning. erans receive the best quality of medical care etary restraints to force a reduction of and treatment prompts this personal letter Yesterday the House had an opportu­ 3,132 beds in the Nation's VA medical to you. nity to incorporate the debt limit into facilities. In the State of Maine, the The inadequacies of this budget request the congressional budget process but, by forced reduction will result in a loss of for the VA medical care program are stagger­ a 277 to 132 vote, it refused to do so when 60 beds at the Togus VA Center, a facility ing and will adversely affect almost every VA it struck title II of H.R. 11180. The sub­ which serves the needs of 148,000 veter­ facility in the country. The President's sequent House action to defeat the debt ans in the State. budget reduces the operating beds in VA limit increase verified the wisdom of title hospitals by a total of 3,132 and will result I am greatly concerned that veterans in the reduction of the equivalent of 1,500 II. What we do from now on relative to services appear once again to be the tar­ employees. Of this bed reduction, 2,500 were the debt ceiling will further confirm that get of budgetary constraints, but I am mandated by the Office of Management and our current procedures are purely manip­ equally concerned by an apparent lack Budget. The closing of these beds will re­ ulative and not substantively significant. of coordination within the VA system. duce the number of veterans who would nor­ I would have personally delivered this While the administration's VA budget mally receive care in VA hospitals. earnest message, if you Mr. Speaker, had submission for 1979 will require Togus The Administration's efforts to contain ex­ not dispensed with 1-minute messages at penditures are to be appl!',uded. Our differ­ the outset of today's session.• Center's hospital to eliminate 60 beds, ence is in the priorities for such contain­ that same numerical objective will be ment. Why is it always the American veteran achieved through a 5-year moderniza­ who is the first to suffer when the budget BUSINESS WEEK TEACHES tion program partially funded in the i!i tightened? 1979 budget. Tile administration seems The Committee's analysis of the budget ECONOMIC FREEDOM to have ignored this fact in assigning an would indicate that the veterans medical pro­ additional bed reduction requirement to gram requires $408.7 million more than the Hon. John E. "Jack" Cunningham the Center. President requested. Unless these funds are restored by Congress, there is no question OF WASHINGTON It is my belief that the administra­ that the quality and quantity of medical care IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tion's objectives and the medical needs and treatment to which veterans are entitled of Maine veterans will best be served by under laws passed by the Congress will be Wednesday, March 8, 1978 an acceleration of the current 5-year reduced to an unacceptable level. e Mr. CUNNINGHAM. Mr. Speaker, for modernization programs at the Togus There is enclosed for your information a 3 weeks in July, the Association of Center. The VA central office has de­ list of VA hospitals, arranged by State, re­ Washington Business will again sponsor ferred funding of the major construction flecting the number of beds to be closed Business Week. During Business Week, portion of the plan until 1983, a time because of the President's budget reductions. held at Central Washington University Also enclosed is a list of programs and proj­ frame which will place project comple­ ects together with the funds required to in Ellensburg, high school students from tion too far in the future to meet the im­ maintain the veterans medical program at an throughout my State have the excep­ mediate bed loss requirements or the acceptable level in both quality and quan­ tional opportunity to learn of free en­ medical needs of the 23,000 World War tity. terprise from its practitioners. II veterans in Maine who wm·reach the Knowing of your past supppropaganda are trying to Sean Wellesley-Miller, the assistant profes­ their national consciousness became a par­ raise young Estonians as obedient servants sor of environmental controls who led the ticularly forceful element which eventually ot the Kremlin. However, the Estonian na­ research team with Johnson, said, "the po­ led to the creation of the independent state tionalist spirit is fighting back everywhere. tential lies in these building materials that of Estonia.. In the last few years, there have been many in an average year, you could get by with 100 The establishment of the independent Re­ occasions where the youth of Estonia have percent solar heating." public of Estonia was possible only after the shown a strong national will of resistance A one-story building of 900 square feet, Soviet Red Army was driven from Estonia through demonstrations and appeals to the such as the new model, would cost approxi­ in the War of Liberation, which lasted from free world. Many of them have been ar­ mately $28,000 to construct, Johnson said. Of November 28, 1918, to February 2, 1920, when rested and sentenced to hard labor as dis­ this amount, approximately $1500 would pay a peace treaty was signed at Tartu, Estonia, sidents of the Soviet Union. for the investment in solar-heat materials. in which Soviet Russia renounced forever The Final Act signed in Helsinki declares A structure the same size would need 400 any claixns to the territory of Estonia. There that the inherent dignity and equal and square feet of fiat plate solar collectors to followed several other basic treaties between inalienable rights of members of the human provide the same heat, at a cost of about Estonia and the Soviet Union: family lie at the foundation of freedom, $5000. 1. The Pact of Non-Aggres~ion and Peace­ justice, and peace in the world, and the right Polymer concrete ceiling tiles, 2 feet square ful Settlement of Conflicts, dated May 4, of self-determination for every nation is the and 1 inch thick, are the most important 1932. goal of mankind. component of building's heating system. 2. The Convention of Conc111ation, dated Keeping the"e principles in mind, all The tiles contain a chemical core-a com­ June 16, 1932 freedom-loving Estonians are united in their bination of sodium sulphate and water, proc­ 3. The Convention for Definition of Ag­ determination for the restoration of the in­ essed silica, and other chemicals-which gression, dated July 3. 1933. dependence and national rights of Estonia. stores a day's heat and then releases the The Soviet Union and Estonia were also On the anniversary of the proclamation of retained heat as needed. parties to the Kellogg-Briand Pact on re- Estonian independence, all Estonians ap- The core maintains a near-constant rt>om March 8, 1978 EXtENSIONS OP REMARKS 6147 temperature of about 73 degrees. It gives a great deal to the Hispanic community with them. It seems incredible to me that off heat and freezes to a solid state during in my home State of New Jersey. Mr. our Government can go on enforcing the night, then thaws to a liquid as lt takes Carlos G. Bidot is the director and · on heat during daylight hours. these regulations while ignoring policies The new ingredient in the core, the sutca. founder of La Tribuna newspaper, which by other nations that in effect cancel its known commercially as Cab-O-S11, 1s pro­ he publishes from Newark. This Satur­ effectiveness. For If the Japanese Gov­ duced in B1ller1ca by a d11'181on of cabot day, March 11, marks the 16th anni­ ernment pays a bounty for dead por­ Corp., a a>ston-based company. versary of that great newspaper. poises at home, I cannot see how they can The s111ca "prevents formation of lee crys­ On October 27, 1969, Carlos G. Bidot be very concerned with saving the por­ tals and malntalns uniformity as the core came to America from his native Cuba. poise in international waters. contents alternate in freeze-thaw cycles," He settled in Newark, N.J. and in less Japanese seafood products, such as explained Kenneth A. Lottman, marketing manager for Cabot's cab-O-S11 division. than 2 years began publishing La Tri­ tuna, continue to arrive at our markets. The ceUing tlles, marketed under the trade buna, which is now the oldest Hispanic Perhaps it is time that we take a hard name Sol-Ar-Tlle, are made of waterproof newspaper in New Jersey. look at our participation in purchasing polymer concrete readily col"red and tex­ Throughout the last 16 years, La Tri­ that catch. This action should cut down tured to resemble other bulldlng materials. buna-circulated state-wide-has en­ on the number of porpoise currently be­ The tlles were developed at MIT with the riched the lives of thousands of Hispanic ing killed by Japanese fishermen and assistance of Architectural Research Corp. Americans with its high caliber report- protect our domestic fleet.• of Livonia, Mich. Some of the heat-collect­ ing and informative style. · ing tUes have also been tnstalled in settees As a friend, I know Carlos Bidot to below the windows in the solar-heated build­ THE COAL STRIKE ing. be a dedicated publisher and a very sin­ The new type of win~w used in the cere individual. He continues to live in bulldlng loses one-fourth the amount of · Newark with his wife, Lidia, and his chil­ HON. LEE H. HAMILTON heat of ordinary double-pane glass but there dren, Gabriel and Salvatore. When one 18 a 20-percent reduction in transparency. inquires why Carlos began La Tribuna OF INDIANA "Most of the heat loss in any bulldlng 1s in Newark and why he continues there, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES through the windows, especially at night." Wednesday, March 8, 1978 Johnson said. "The fact that the windows he replies simply: let in slightly less Sblar energy because of I belleve in Newark and I want to help e Mr. HAMILTON. Mr. Speaker, I would the 20 percent loss ln transparency 1s tnsig­ make lt better. like to insert my Washington report for ntftcant when measured agatnst the fact that Those of us who are familiar with La March 8, 1978, into the CONGRESSIONAl• you are losing much less heat than would Tribuna recognize Carlos's contributions, RECORD. normally be the case." THE CoAL STRIKE The thermal resistance of the newly de­ not only to his fellow Hispanic Ameri­ veloped window 18 achieved through plas­ cans, but to all citizens of New Jersey. It is good news to all Hoosiers that a'ne­ tic material called the Heat Mirror, devel­ Mr. Speaker, I salute him and the en­ gotiated settlement has been reached in oped and manufactured by Suntek Research tire La Tribuna staff for a job well done.• the coal strike. Everyone hopes that the Associates of Corte Madera, O&llf. The win­ tentative agreement wm be promptly rati­ dow panes were supplied by PPG Industrle& fied in the coal ftelds, and that the hard­ of Pittsburgh. • JAPANESE PORPOISE SLAUGHTER, ships Hoosiers have experienced may soon The Rolscreen Co. "f Pella, Iowa, provided A BRUTAL TRAGEDY beat an end. the special window louvers that reftect sun­ Indiana was hit hard by the strike be­ Ught directly into the celling tlles. Develop­ cause it ranks third among the states in de­ ed at MIT, the blinds are extremely narrow pendence on coal. We all know what effects HON. GLENN M. ANDERSON the strike has had in Ind1ana, but to under­ and mirrored on their upper surfaces to OF CALIFORNIA transmit the optimum level of solar energy stand why the strike took place and why for absorption by the tUe cores. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES it has been so di1ficult to resolve we must first understand the basic situation in the "You adjust the angle of the blinds about Wednesday, March 8, 1978 once a month with a simple thumb-wheel to coal industry. account for changes in the sun's position," • Mr. ANDERSON of California. Mr. For decades coa.l operators and miners have said Johnson. That's the closest we come to Speaker, like so many Americans I was felt that they were part of a dying industry. Prices were low, employment was dropping, havln~ any mechanical element in the total deeply shocked last month by the system." slaughter of 1,000 dolphins on Iki Island, consumers preferred gas and oil, management Supplemental heating 1s supplied by sim­ was often short-sighted and miners were ple electric heaters, chosen because their Japan. restless. Then, the country discovered how output can be measured exactly. But Wel­ The U.S. Government in the past has much it needed coal. Along with nuclear lesley-Miller predicts the day wm come when, shown a willingness to risk the economic power, coal became a keystone of the new even ln New England, supplementary heat health of our own tuna fishermen in energy poUcy. In order to meet the demand will not be necessary. order to save these same animals. Yet for coal, the operators wanted to reshape Pt>rter said the building pro.1ect represents U.S. fishermen do not intentionally kill labor-management relations ln the indus­ more than ftve years of research. try by strengthening their control over a these animals-indeed, they take ex­ fiercely independent work force. The miners, Funds for construction, materials and la­ treme measures to save them from bor were provided by MIT's Godfrey L. Cabot of course, were suspicious of the proposed Solar Energy Fund, a ldft made by the late drowning in their nets. change. Their union was weak and they industriallst in 1938 which has led to con­ At Iki Island, the dophins were lured wanted above all to preserve the unauthor­ struction of ftve experimental houses over to the shore and then clubbed and ized local strike as a weapon against arbi­ thf'l years. stabbed to death. The only word of pro­ trary employer practices. The combination Participating companies suoported the of factors was simply too much for the col· test by the Japanese Government was a lective bargaining process to bear and con­ project by fabricating or supplying materials warning that dumping the bodies of the specifically designed for the experiment. tract negotiations became deadlocked. Dean WilHam L. Porter of the MIT School porpoises at sea violated a pollution law. At ftrst, President Carter took a "hands­ of · Architecture, described the project as a Of course, the Government was hardly in off"' attitude toward the stalled contract prime example of how universities and in­ a position to protest the slaughter-they talks. He obviously did not want to intrude dustry ·can collaborate in research and de­ pay a $12 bounty for each slain dolphin. into the collective bargaining process. But velopment to achieve an end product that And the fishermen are now trying to get as the deadlock continued and the pressures might be beyond the capa.blllties of either that bounty increased. for settlement mounted, the government pos­ one of the partners."e ture shifted from one of mediation and con­ Every U.S. environmental group has ciliation to one of intense presidential pres­ protested this act, and rightly so. While sure. The pressure culminated in the Presi­ we try to conserve the porpoise-an ani­ dent's dramatic announcement on network TRIBUTE TO LA TRIBUNA mal that roams freely through the seas television that the impa.sse had been broken. around the world-it seems incredible In applying this pressure, the President HON. PETER W. RODINO, JR. that other nations would systematically was faced with three unappealing alterna· tives-a Taft-Hartley injunction, seizure of OF NEW JERSEY encourage their elimination. the mines or binding arbitration-to get coal IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES U.S. tuna fishermen operate under production resumed. None of the alternatives Wednesday, March 8, 1978 strict regulations designed to protect the was preferable to a negotiated settlement, porpoise from harm. They compete but each wa.s better than a prolonged stale­ • Mr. RODINO. Mr. Speaker, I want to against Japanese vessels for the same re­ mate. Under the T~ft-Hartley Act the act­ pay tribute to a person who has meant source, and share the U.S. tuna market ministration would seek an 80-day back-to- CXXIV--387-Part 5 6148 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 8, 1978 work order from a federal court, and then san bill. They want to limit the amount has taken the efforts of all concerned to hope that it would be granted by the court of financial support the minority party achieve this championship. What these and honored by the 160,000 striking miners. may give its candidates to no more than men have learned on the basketball court This option was uncertain because a court might not have found a national emergency that which the majority party can raise will, I am sure, be very applicable to any in the largely regional impact of the strike. for its candidates. situation they will face. Also the miners probably would have ignored They are greedy, Mr. Speaker. They On behalf of the people of Jefferson a Taft-Hartley order as they have three times now have a 2-to-1 partisan majority in County and the entire 18th Congressional in the past. Under the second option the the House and they are not satisfied. District, I congratul1a.te these men on government would seize the mines and the They want to crush the opposition by their efforts.• miners would return to work whlle federal limiting its resources. omcials negotiated a contract on behalf of It would not be so bad if they proposed the coal operators. Delay would have resulted A TILT TOWARD WASHINGTON as Congress worked on complex legislation to limit the resources of both parties, and a dangerous precedent of government in­ but, no, they only pick on the few ad­ volvement in labor-management affairs vantages which the minority has suc­ HON. WILLIAM L. ARMSTRONG might have been set. The third option would ceeded in gathering. require both sides to submit to a contract There is no tradeoff of giving us ad­ OF COLORADO "dictated" by an impartial, independent par­ vantages in the majority parties' re­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ty. Organized labor would have bitterly re­ sources. They have access to enormous Wednesday, March 8, 1978 sented such intervention, and in any case in-kind support from labor union efforts there would have been a delay whlle Con­ e Mr~ ARMSTRONG. Mr. Speaker, the gress legislated the procedure. which run get-out-the-vote campaigns latest issue of the quarterly periodical The coal strike could have a major impact only in precincts which are favorable to published by the Advisory Commission on the economy. Under the proposed agree­ the majority party. The majority in the on Intergovernmental Relations takes a ment the price of coal wlll surely rise and Administration Committee does not pro­ a.nti-infia.tion policy wm be dealt another look at Federal-State relations as they pose to give up, share, or limit this ad­ developed in 1977. Their conclusion is blow. In addition, the basic problems of the vantage. They do not even want to report coal industry have not really been resolved. that actions taken last year or trends Further efforts must be made to deal with its magnitude. which became more apparent in that the issues of benefits, work rules and health Everybody knows that there "boiler­ year, all indicate a title toward Wash­ and safety standards. Labor-management re­ room" operations are effective in sup­ ington in our federal system. For t.Q.ose lations in the coal fields must be improved porting the majority party. What we do who may have missed it, I recommend and labor productivity must rise. Nonethe­ not know is how large they are. How ACIR's article entitled, "The Unresolved less, the negotiated settlemvnt will be a. vic­ much dues money is spent and not re­ Questions." tory for both collective bargaining and free ported? enterprise if it is approved. It confirms the The Administration Committee needs As passing reference, I must also note confidence many of us have that a. voluntary the irony of ACIR's position. While Com­ process works best to resolve our most dUll­ a bit more exposure for what it is trying mission provides us with a thoughtful cult labor-management conflicts. It also sug­ to do to two-party politics.• discussion on the evolution of the Ameri­ gests that those voices urging government can federal system and flags a trend intervention, whether by invocation of the Taft-Hartley Act or seizure of the mines, were JEFF TECH BASKETBALL toward recentralization, over the last few advocating a. premature action which very CHAMPIONS years ACIR itself has been unable to probably would have led to resistance, vio­ secure a more substantial contribution lence and no increase in coal output. Of from the States and continues to rely course, drastic action wm be necessary if the HON. DOUGLAS APPLEGATE almost totally on congressional appro­ miners fail to ratify the negotiated settle­ OF OHIO priations to support its basic operations. ment. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The impact of the coal strike on energy The article follows: policy is hard to judge since one of the Wednesday, March 8, 1978 (From the Intergovernmental Perspective, basic alms of the energy legislation before e Mr. APPLEGATE. Mr. Speaker, I am Winter 1978] Congress is to force many ut111ties and fac­ THE UNRESOLVED QUESTIONS tories to switch from oil and gas to coal. pleased to bring to the attention of the House of Representatives an event of From the standpoint of intergovernmental If such a. switch were made, the United relations, 1977 will be remembered as a year States would be more vulnerable than ever which the people of Jefferson County, of bold beginnings, unfinished work, and lin­ to the effects of a. disruptive coal strike Ohio, can all be proud. For the second gering uncertainties. After weathering a. se­ Even so, American oil imports will continue year in a row. the Jeff Tech basketball ries of foreign and domestic crises, the fed­ to rise, thus exposing the nation to the team of the Jefferson County Technical eral system was put to a different test-deal­ grave risk of a. supply embargo, unless in­ Institute has won the Ohio Technical ing with a. period of relative political stabllity dustry does burn more coal. By dramatiz­ College Athletic Association State cham­ and economic recovery. To be sure, critical ing our vulnerab111ty, the coal strike may problems existed--energy, enviromnental shake the energy legislation from the con­ pionship. This is, indeed, an achievement to note. quality, and urban fiscal conditions-but gressional doldrums in which it has been they did not overwhelm the political agenda. stuck. The coal strike may also push the This team's strength and talent is dem­ Instead of being preoccupied with respond­ country toward a. heavier reliance on nuclear onstrated by t:Qe fact that their record ing to various crises, the Nation's political power.e this year was 17 wins and 4 losses and leaders had the interest and time to con­ that they have lost only 4 games to sider r·eforms in basic governmental institu­ LIMIT AMOUNT OF FINANCIAL technical schools in the last 4 years. The tions and processes. young men who played this year are cer­ The initiatives taken during 1977 were SUPPORT tainly worthy of recognition. The roster largely in response to the high level of pub­ included John Paulowski, Jeff Hilt and lic expectations generated during the elec­ Craig Anderson, who are the team's tri­ tion campaigns the previous year. Particularly HON. JAMES G. MARTIN at the national level, the defeat of the in­ OF NORTH CAROLINA captains; Dave Dittmar, most valuable cumbent President was considered by many IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES player of the State tournament, John observers to be a signal that citizens were Hagerty, Clay Edgerly, Mark Valenti, Wednesday, March 8, 1978 no longer satisfied with "politics as usual," Bill Delaney, Pat Ware, Jack Cagot and and that it was time for major change. The e Mr. MARTIN. Mr. Speaker, while I Rich Pompa. spotlight was turned on Washington, D.C. had intended and was waiting to present As much as strong, talented players are Many of the changes which were launched this explanation to the Members, the lack necessary to earn a championship, so is a during the year-reorganization, zero-based of time under the 1-minute rule requires knowledgeable coaching staff. Head budg·eting, sunset legislation, and merit sys­ me to simply insert this under extension. Coach Dennis Vince has completed 7 tem reform-went to the essential "nuts and bolts" of public management. Others-such My purpose in earlier using the rules years as coach at Jeff Tech and has been as the Carter Administration's emerging ur­ of the House to invoke a quorum call of very successful. He is assisted by Greg ban policy and the fl.scal1981 balanced budg­ the House was to disrupt the House Com­ Antinone, a former Jeff Tech player, and et goal-sought to substitute systematic and mittee on Administration. That distin­ Tim Trudo as statistician. coordinated policy development and imple­ guished committee is trying t.o rush Mr. Speaker, these men have demon­ mentation for "quick fix" solutions to the through, without hearings, a very parti- strated what teamwork is all about. It Nation's problems. These were significant ac- March 8, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 6149 tions, having potentially significant conse­ basic doubts about these developments. mately 70% of all federal aid currently flows quences. Soon after President Carter took office, an through the states, and state agencies have WhUe the President scored some successes assessment of the Federal Regional Councils significant planning, fund disbursement, on the budgeting, grant management, reor­ (FRCs) was launched; while the results in­ and administrative responsibilities in many ganization, and intergovernmental consulta­ dicated the need for some form of regional federally assisted programs. While bypassing tion fronts, expeditious action did not occur "presence" and FRCs were given an addi­ can be traced back to the 1930s, the "direct on many major domestic policy issues. E:yen tional "probationary" year, neither state or federalism" of 1977 has a number of distinc­ where there was general agreement within local officials nor federal administrators were tive features. First, substantial amounts of the executive and legislative branches on clear as to whether FRCs ultimately would funds go directly to local governments-al­ what basically needed to be done to respond be continued and, if so, what role they would most 30 % of the FY 1976 aid total. Secondly, to certain national problems, there was little play in federal aid administration. Of even most of these monies are discretionary and consensus on how to do it--and, in the greater concern to some observers was the highly fungible in nature, in the sense that process, "whose ox should be gored." action by the Secretaries of HEW, HUD and recipients enjoy wide latitude in determin­ These differences, coupled with an absence Labor to strip their regional offices of any ing how they are to be used, both on paper of a severe crisis as a catalyst for decision­ real authorlty over grant decisions, and the and in practice. These two factors create making, took a toll. The President's popular­ moves by the Attorney General to close the management, as well as policy, headaches for ity rating in the polls dropped. The Congress LEAA regional offices and by the Secretary the states, as coordination of plans and proj­ as an institution was thought by many to be of the Interior to abolish the regional repre­ ects, monitoring of expenditures, develop­ ineffective, even though in the view of others sentative offices. These decisions, which for ment of statewide strategies, and account­ it has been the chief molder of the inter­ the most part were made without consulta­ ability for the use of funds are greatly governmental system for at least two years. tion with state or local officials, suggested a impeded. The political parties remained practically recentralization of authority at the national Perhaps most troublesome-and ironic-is invisible. And, the media expressed concern level. the fact that bypassing has accelerated at that the- sheer abundance of Presidential The attachment of various across-the­ precisely the time that most states have initiatives ha.d clogged the policy pipeline, board requirements to grant programs such modernized their executive and legislative and reflected on its earlier apprehansions as antidiscrimination, citizen participation, branches along the lines advocated by re­ about domination of the decisionmaking environmental quality, preva1ling wage formers over the years. Even more frus­ processes by a Congress and President of the trating is the fact that many of the innova­ rates, uniform relocation, merit principles, tive federal management approaches which same party. A-95 review and comment, historic site pres­ In the absence of signlftcant actions on command national headlines-reorganiza_, ervation, and freedom of information also tion, zero-based budgeting, and sunset legis­ proposals to make major changes in the has complicated intergovernmental relation­ status quo, uncertainties developed. Citi­ lation-were pioneered by the states. ships. While, taken individually, some of One major outcome of this reform move­ zens wondered if the Social Security sxstem these requirements may be desirable, their would survive; whether income taxes would ment is a state government that is presum­ cumulative effect often has been to delay the ably more able to assist local governments­ be rais~d or lowered; and if they would have implementation of programs, raise adminis­ particularly in urban areas-in solving their to wait in lines at the gas pump, or would trative costs, or force jurisdictions out of the problems. The record shows that a number of have adequate supplies of energy for home federal aid business. These procedural strings states have made significant strides to un­ heating. Local government officials wondered represent further centralization of decision­ shackle local governments, increase finan­ what would happen if "temporary," federally making at the national level and, to some cial aid, establish departments of community funded employment, training, and public observers, reveal a basic distrust on the part affairs, and formulate urban development works programs were not extended; and if of the federal government regarding the mo­ and conservation programs. Yet, these state grants for other purposes would decline as tivations and capab1lities of state and local actions seemingly have gone unnoticed by federal deficits mount and the Administra­ officials. many in the Congress, the Carter Adminis­ tion seeks to achieve its balanced budget goal Are Local Governments Becoming Too De­ tration, and local government. Once again, during the next two years. State government pendent on Federal Aid? the states appear to be on the defensive officials also wondered about the future of One of the major ironies of the 1970s is when it is time to justify their role as re­ federal aid, and especially whether the re­ that despite avowed efforts to curb govern­ cipients and administrators of federal aid, cent growth in direct federal-local grants mental growth at the national level, the and as the middlemen of the federal system. would continue to undermine their position number of federal programs and the dollar Will the Courts Step In and Maintain as the overeers of local government. The Con­ amounts of grants-in-aid have burgeoned. "Balance" In the Federal System? gress wondered why the President was not Although the grant system has been growing Over the years, the courts increasingly more willing to communicate, cooperate and rapidly since the mid-1960s, it has taken a have ·become involved in the intergovern­ c6ffipromise. The President wondered why quantum leap in the past few years, largely mental ''political thicket." Reapportion­ \the Congress was unable to move on his in response to economic crises triggered by ment, school finance, service equity, land domestic legislative proposals in a timely the recession and rising energy costs. As a use, employment conditions, and other cases manner. And, public employees wondered result of this devolpment, federal aid now have underscored the growing role of an about the effects of proposed changes on the accounts for a substantial portion of the "activist" judiciary in policymaking and organizational, budgeting and personnel revenues of many governmental units. The administration. This particularly has been fronts on their tenure and turf. intergovernmental "partnership'' has been true with respect to trial, district and appel­ These uncertainties are not inconsequen­ expanded greatly by the newer forms of as­ late courts. At the same time, the U.S. Su­ tial. Taken together, they indicate doubts sistance, especially general revenue sharing preme Court under Chief Justice Warren in many quarters as to where the federal and countercyclical aid, so that virtually all Burger, has moved to reassert the judiciary's system is heading. Four basic questions states and localities now receive some fejeral more traditional roles of arbiter and con­ which were raised in 1977, but not resolved, financial assistance. And, the gap between troller of conflict within, as well as between, highlight these concerns. the pleasure of spending and the pain of the federal, state and local governments. Is Authority Being Decentralized or Re­ taxing has been widened considerably. In this capacity, some of the Court's recent cen tralized? Particularly dlle to the Carter Adminis­ decisions have taken on 1\ landmark signif­ Unlike the previous three national admin­ tration's "stimulus package" programs, fed­ icance for the federal system. The 1976 Na­ istrations, the first year of the Carter Ad­ eral aid now accounts for about half of the tional League of Cities vs. Usery case is the ministration did not reveal a clear prefer­ own-source revenue of the large central cit­ foremost recent example: Here, the U.S. ence or shift toward decentralization or ies of the country. To some, these jurisdic­ Supreme Court prohibited the extension of centralization of decisonmaking authority. tions increasingly are becoming the "crea­ the Fair Labor Standards Act to cover state Instead, mixed signals were given. The Presi­ tures of the state and the fiscal wards of the and local employees on the grounds that dent's memorandum urging departments and federal government." In view of the political such action would impose extraordinary costs agencies to consult regularly with state and clout of these units in the Congress, th~re is on these jurisdictions ~:~.nd would be a form local governments in their policy, manage­ ample reason to question whether the "tem­ of federal mandating that was incompatible ment and financial decisionmaking suggested porary" stimulus programs can be phased with the Tenth Amendment of the U.S. Con­ that the decentralization thrust of the out. If indeed this is the case, furthez: doubts stitution. On the other hand, in December, a Nixon and Ford Administrations, would con­ may be cast on the President's desire to federal judge refused to block implementa­ tinue. Statements by Jack Watson, the head achieve a balanced budget. Moreover, the tion of the Unemployment Insurance Amend­ of · the White House Intergovernmental Af­ direct dealings between Washington and city ments of 1976, whioh ex~~nded federal unem­ fairs Office, underscored this apparent com­ hall have placed the states in an awkward ployment compensation to state and local mitment on the part of the Administration "odd man out" position. To some students employees, even though it was contended to genuine communication, consultation and of federalism, this phenomenon has stood that this law was an unwarranted and costly coordination with state and local representa­ traditional federal theory on its head. intrusion on state sovereignty and would tives. The fact that the President was a Has the Recent Increase in Federal Aid likely lead to curtailments in services and former Governor lent additional credence Eroded The States' Power Position in the dismissals of employees. to this position. Federal System? Whether subsequent decisions w111 On the other hand, actions taken by the The states traditionally have occupied a strengthen the states' position or undercut Administration during the year raised some pivotal position in the grant system; approxt- it remains to be seen. Although there has 6150 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 8, 197H been a marked trend toward judicial and size standards that State govern­ There may be a few people in the ad­ activism, partly in response to the tendency ments now enforce. State standards are ministration who think that the Ameri­ of policymakers to rely on the courts to re­ not uniform, confuse truck drivers who can citizenry is blind to this type of arm solve tough policy and poll tical issues, the courts still remain the arbiters of the system. try to adhere to them, and cost the Na­ twisting, that it remembers only the Recent developments regarding federal aid tion's consumers millions of dollars in campaign promises of "no more politics­ conditions, preemptive legislative and regula­ unnecessary transportation costs. But as-usual," but those administration tions, and mandating actions indicate that conditions on our highways would be people are wrong. The American people tbr. dockets wlll be filled with cases of signif- unbearable with no truck weight and size will not be duped. They will not be fooled 1cA:nce to the future of federalism. star..dards whatsoever. Following is the by the same old back-scratching tricks. A TILT TOWARD WASHINGTON text of my letter to Mr. JOHNSON: They will not believe the White House Our federal system never has been com­ In a recent 8-0 decision the Supreme Court rhetoric that this is a great victory for pletely decentralized or completely cen­ ruled that an attempt by the State of Wis­ the prestige of the President. Nor will tralized. Federalism, after all, involves a consin to outlaw twin trailers on trucks was they believe that it shows how effective dynamic and delicate balance between these an unconstitutional interference with in­ an administration he has. forces. This balance shifts in response to terstate commerce. ch81Ilg1ng social, economic and political con­ The Supreme Court ruled that Wisconsin The spirit of· the American disillusion­ ditions and the philosophies of the Nation's had not upheld its claim that twin trailer ment, not only with the B-1 defeat, but political leaders. trucks present a safety hazard. The Court with the means the President used to Many observers of federalism believe that carefully avoided applying the Wisconsin defeat it, was captured in a recent edi­ during the first half of the 1970s, power in case to other states as a precedent. But torial in the Santa Monica Evening Out­ the intergovernme:.:1tal system seemed to shift lower courts wlll be hard pressed to reject its logic in cases challenging truck regula­ look. I include it to be reprinted here as more 1a:l. the direction of decentralization part of my remarks and as an example than centralization. To be sure, there were tion by other states. That decision makes major examples of action of the latter na­ my blll, H.R. 9369, to provide uniform fed­ of what is in the minds of the American ture-such as the 55-Inile-per-hour speed eral truck weight, length, and width stand­ people who look behind the public rela­ limit, air and water pollution standards, ards more desirable than ever. I hope you tions pap the administration is doling occupational safety and health regulations, will be able to schedule hearings soon. out about its B-1 "victory": A breaking down of state regulations and various energy conservation programs. B-1 VoTE A MOCKERY But during these years, policymakers at all would have one benefit. The confusing levels were conce.:.-n..:d about how the system checkerboard of truck regulations would be (By Reed McClure) wiped clean. Transcontinental truckers could be wound down-how power, funds and That 234-182 vote of the House of Repre­ responsiblity could be returned to states and would no longer need to reduce their load weight and truck length to travel on the senatives kllling the B-1 bomber may repre­ localities. General revenue sharing, block sent a political victory for the Carter admin­ grants, and the Federal Regional Councils roads of states with unreasonably low regu­ lations. istration. But it does little credit to the Jll_ystrate__ this desire to decentralize. White House. Today, there is evidence that a different But the Supreme Court decision, !f ap-_ plied generally, would result in no regula­ The blll cutting off $462 Inillion in fund­ intergovernmental balance is being sought. ing for the fifth and sixth aircraft was a The increasing tendency to defiue "national tion of trucking at all. Few, least of all re­ interest" to include virtually any activity sponsible truckers, want to open the high­ piece of political chicanery. What happened that was at one time the exclusive domain ways to unlimited truck weight and size. was that House leaders attached a measure of state or local gove:-nments, the explosion of The obvious answer to the problems that banning further production of the B-1 to a federal aid and attendant conditions, the existed before the Wisconsin decision and totally unrelated appropriation blll which, leapfrogging of state government", the re_. to the problems created by it would be .for among other things, included $4.5 blllion ca111ng of authority from federal agency field the federal government to establish uniform for sewage plant construction, $1.5 blllion otllces, the involvemealt of a variety of new stand:uds, as provided for by my blll. The for draught relief, $200 mlllion to help the local participants in the grant system, and time is right to move the blll forward in the needy pay winter fuel bllls, $18 mlllion to the tightening of strings associated with gen­ legislative process.e retain some money-losing Amtrak passenger eral revenue. sharing, all have raised con­ train routes and $103.3 mlllion in relief for cerns about this development. While most of refugees from Indochina. these trends began to emerge years ago, 1977 B-1 VOTE A MOCKERY Obviously, it was difficult for many con­ was the year i'Il which their broader implica­ gressmen to vote against all those appropria­ tions began to be recognized and understood. HON. ROBERT K. DORNAN tions, even though a good number of them Unquestionably, the ·role of th~ federal gov­ supported the B-1 in the past. So, the B-1 erment in the day-to-day lives of most OF CALIFOR.NIA was sacrificed on the altar of pork-barrel citizens and most · state and local govern­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES politics. With it wlll go a lot of jobs-and ments has grown. Fiscally and functionally, time this nation can 111-afford to spare if it the federal government is becoming more Wednesday, March 8, 1978 hopes to maintian anything approaching and more the senior partner in intergovern­ • Mr. DORNAN. Mr. Speaker, on many strategic equivalency with the Soviet Union. mental relations, and grants-i·n-aid have be­ occasions I have addressed this House On the other hand, the vote was not a come the cornerstone of th~ system. There is about the importance of the B-1 aircraft total victory for the shortsighted and mll1- atlll a tremendous amount of interaction to our national defense. And on more tary naive Carter administration. The bllJ within and between the levels, and states and also contained $800 mlllion for the Clinch localities still play major roles in public serv­ occasions than not, I have been proud of River nuclear breeder reactor power plant in ice delivery. But there are clear signs of the way in which this body stood its Tennessee-a facllity Carter doesn't want. recentralization. While it is tor- early to ground in the face of unrelenting pres­ President Carter therefore is in no posi­ determine how far it wlll go, the fiow of inter­ sure from the White House and the tion to gloat. On the contrary, he should feel governmental power, funds and responsibility politicized military to cancel B-1 pro­ chastened by the fact that he was able to has begun to move in a different direction.e duction. As most of us are well aware, have his way on the B-1 only because he that type of pressure-which promises approached the Congress through the back political reprisal for :1oncooperation-is door. If the fate of the B-1 had been decided COURT DECISION SHOWS NEED FOR strictly on its merits, the outcome might FEDERAL TRUCK STANDARDS hard to resist when it comes from as powerful an adversary as the adminis­ have been different. tration. Never has this been more true · None of this, of course, refiects favorably HON. PAUL FINDLEY than during the last vote on the B-1, on the congressmen who went along with the White House's devious tactics. Nevertheless, OF ILLINOIS February 22. we would like to hope that the political need IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES But more onerous than the heavy­ for such a strategy demonstrates that there handed way the administration dealt Wednesday, March 8, 1978 stlll remains on Capitol Hlll a strong res­ with the Members who supported the ervoir of support for vital defense pro­ ~ Mr. FINDLEY. Mr. Speaker, today aircraft, was the back-door method it grams-and the B-1 stlll has a chance. I urged in a letter to the chairman of used to give notice to them. Private tele­ Perhaps Mr. Carter believes that the de­ the Public ~.vorks Pnd Transportation phone calls from Pennsylvania Avenue cision to scuttle the B-1 wm cause the Soviet Committee, Mr. JOHNSON, that hearings to Capitol Hill were frequent: "Don't for­ Union to take a more moderate stance during be held soon on my bill to provide uni­ get that your district's pet project is in SALT negotiations. However, we suspect that form Federal weight and size standards this supplemental bill, too. It would be a this act of unilateral disarmament on the for trucks. This step is urgently needed, shame for it to be vetoed just because the part of Washington only wlll encourage the because a recent Supreme Court decision B-1 rescission fails." It was just more Kremlin to demand further dangerous con­ could lead to the end of all truck weight pork-barrel politics as usual. cessions from the United States.e March 8, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 6151 I HUMPHREY-HAWKINS ILL rapidly. By increasing demand while making And because the economy can change in ADVISED little or no contribution to the flow or con­ ways no one can accurately forecast, striving sumable goods and services, an inflation­ to "make the numbers come true" can cause increasing-effect would be inevitable. policies to be adopted and pushed that are HON. CLAIR W. BURGENER It does not help tor the b111 to say, as it inappropriate in the circumstances and OF CALIFORNIA does, that "reasonable price stab111ty" would highly undesirable in its side effects. also be a goal of the federal government. That the President is said to have the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Nothing in it would strengthen the anti-in­ right to modify the goals 1!, after three years, Wednesday, March 8, 1978 flation programs of government; on the con­ they seem impractical is not especially re­ trary, it is a reasonable assessment that its assuring. Three years is a long time to defer e Mr. BURGENER. Mr. Speaker, one of effect would be to blunt such programs. making an adjustment that may be urgently the most critical issues before us is the Clearly, the unemployment reduction and needed, and because the President would current debate on the Humphrey­ price stability objectives, as they are ap­ naturally be reluctant to retreat from a goal Hawkins legislation. I want to share with proached in this b111, are essentially contra­ unless the need 1s overwhelining there would my colleagues a most provocative and dictory. be a tendency to "live with" policies that by Third, the federal budget is already heavy any nonpolitical test would be judged ob­ penetrating article by Dr. Raymond J. with expenditures of the kind Humphrey­ Saulnier, who is professor emeritus of jectionable. One can be sure that his politi­ Hawkins would increase. Spending !or cal opposition would make the modification economics at Barnard College, Columbia "training, unemployment and labor services" a sensitive issue. The whole procedure is ob­ University. He was chairman of the Pres­ is . estimated to reach $13.3 billion in the viously too inflexible, too compulsive and too ident's Council on Economic Advisers in present fiscal year; l\nd under the budget politicizing of economic policy to be con­ 1956-61. The article was published in the President Carter put before Congress !or the sistent with good public administration. San Diego Union on February 26, 1978. 1979 fiscal year it would increase to $14.7 Clearly, the bill should be rejected. What billion. it attempts to do can be done better under I fully subscribe to Dr. Saulnier's well­ However, the administration and effective­ thought-out views and believe that the ness of these programs has been subject the Employment Act as it stands, with per­ passage of this legislation would be a lately to serious and apparently warranted haps an amendment to make reasonable _long step down the road to total Federal criticism. Obviously, what we need is not a price stab111ty a stated purpose of the fed­ management of our economy, with its new battery of public service job programs eral government, alongside maximum em­ resulting loss of freedoms and economic and more billions or expenditures; what we ployment, production and purchasing power, growth. need is better results from programs already and by an improvement, and amplification 1! in existence. necessary, or manpower programs already in THIRD TIME No CHARM ON HUMPHREY­ Fourth, the most objectionable and poten­ place. HAWKINS tially harmful feature of the bill is that it Finally, and of the utmost importance, it (By Raymond J. Saulnier) would give a big push to a system or cen­ would be particularly useful if Congress were The Humphrey-Hawkins bill is before Con­ tralized economic planning in the United to address itself specifically to various pos­ gress now in a third revision, this time with States. Its approach to unemployment re­ sib111ties for reducing unemployment White House support, and a considerable duction can make sense only to those who through incentives that would promote the push is on to have it passed. Basically, it believe that what our economy needs is more creation of jobs in private business and would commit the federal government to a direction from Washington-it makes no industry.e goal of reducing unemployment within five sense to anyone who believes that the efforts Y·e&.rs to not over 4 percent !or all workers of Congress should be directed toward in­ 16 and over (3 percent !or those 20 and vigorating the private, taxpaying, self-sup­ ALASKA D-2 LANDS over) -rates not seen in peacetim·e since porting side of the economy and enlarging 1957-and would require all efforts of gov­ the area of economic freedom. ernment, including those of the Federal Re­ Moreover, it is a safe forecast that Hum­ HON. DON YOUNG serve System, to be directed to that end. phrey-Hawkins would lead to far more con­ OF ALASKA The President would be perinitted under trol and direction or the economy from certain circumstances to modify the gool, Washington than is evident on its face. The IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES but, barring that, it would be the overrid­ reason is plain: If the bill were to cause a Wednesday, March 8, 1978 ing consideration in shaping public policy. substantial increase in federal spending-as In my judgment, the bill should not be it certainly would-and 1! this were to have • Mr. YOUNG of Alaska. Mr. Speaker, passed. It is not that its purpose is wrong­ an inflationary effect----as it inevitably the proposed creation of national parks, no one can argue with a resolve to reduce would-the federal government in all prob­ preserves, and refuges from Alaska's d-2 unemployment. What is wrong with it is the ability would attempt to acquit itself of its lands promises to be at least as contro­ methods it would employ to achieve its responsib11ity to maintain "reasonable price versial a bill as President Carter's en­ purpose. stabllity" by putting ceilings on prices; ergy bill. The "d-2" legislation involves First, it is a pure and simple federal spend­ sooner or later this would lead to ceilings on ing approach to the problem of reducing wages and salaries; and an extension of con­ many of the same issues in the energy unemployment. Instead of trying to promote trols to interest rates, with government bill, in particular this Nation's increased the increase of self-supporting jobs in pri­ allocation of credit, would follow not far dependence on the OPEC nations for vate business and industry, it would meet behind. crude oil. the problem by supplying federal or fed­ The result would be to put the U.S. econ­ The petrochemical industries domi­ erally supported jobs. A job paying what omy in a controls straightjacket just as awk­ nate our economy and our lifestyles. They it calls "!air rates or compensation" would ward and counterproductive as emerged will continue to do so as long as we de­ be declared a "right" of all Americans of under Phases I through IV during the Nixon pend on hydrocarbon products for the qualifying age, with government the em­ administration. It is a mystery why this im­ ployer of last resort. plication of the bill has so far not been necessities of life. We wear synthetic The effect would be to lodge large numbers recognized by the trade union movement, fabrics, use plastic products, and drive of people more or less permanently in make­ which traditionally opposes wage controls. automobiles. While the OPEC embargo work federal jobs. More than that, the com­ It is an additional mystery, why, except out of 1973 has not been repeated, the OPEC pensation standards of the bill are such that of political expediency, an administration nations remain volatile. Their control it would almost certainly aggravate the prob­ that says it wants to reduce the federal bu­ over the pulse of our economy mandates lem it is designed to solve by drawing people reaucracy and lessen the deadening and often our independence from the OPEC crude out of jobs in the private sector into one or inflationary effect of government regulation oil imports. However, the United States another of the federal programs, and increas­ on the economy supports a bill that would can gain its independence only by con­ ing the labor force over what it would other­ have the opposite results. serving energy plus stepping up efforts wise be as individuals only marginally inter­ It is no defense against the criticism that ested in paid employment were drawn into Humphrey-Hawkins is a bill for centralized to find additional domestic resources the job market. In short, any expectation economic planning to say that it would and by developing nuclear technology that Humphrey-Hawkins would make mean­ merely set goals and "what is wrong with and other sources of energy. ingful progress toward reducing the unem­ setting goals?" It is one thing for goals to be Here, as on many other issues, the ployment rate except through an enormous self-imposed by an individual or business Carter administration is working at increase in make-work jobs at massive fed­ to give direction to effort, provide incentive, eral cost is destined to be disappointed. cross purposes and is getting nowhere. and give basis for evaJuating performance; If this country needs oil and natural gas, Second, it would be inflationary, not im­ it is another thing for goals to be put in mediately but surely before long. rr the bill numerical terms, incorporated in a federal why lock up the oil and gas potential in were to do what it proposes to do, it would law, and imposed by Congress on the execu­ Alaska? If we need to develop alterna­ increase federal spending by massive tive branch of government. In that case the tive sources of fuel and energy, why take amounts, swell federal budget deficits and goal is necessarily transformed into a away Government funding for the fast cause money supply to increase stm more political commitment. breeder nuclear reactor? 6152 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 8, 1978 President Carter's original energy ceed those associated with the nuclear reading 1:35 and to state how many pennies industry. Coal mining continues to have there are in $4. To each question, students package contains many conservation in­ are given a choice of four answers. centives and neglects the country's cor­ a high accident rate and the black lung The reading section tests a student's abil­ responding energy needs for economic disease still disables coal miners. ity to follow a recipe or to write a letter re­ development. The same criticism applies Finding sufficient oil and natural gas questing a poster from a rock star. to his d-2 proposal offered by the De­ to fuel our economy in developing new The introduction of basic competency tests partment of Interior for the State of ways to manufacture power present has become a nat ional movement as state Alaska. Much of Alaska's public lands tough decisions to the Senate. But we educational bodies have begun to demand have potential for oil and gas and yet cannot ignore them. These questions will academic standards, before they grant high the Carter administration proposes to not disappear. If we fail to resolve them, school diplomas. Twenty-seven states have the imminent shortage of crude oil and already adopted such standards, and many make national parks out of these d-2 others are looking into the possibility. But lands even cefore we know what min­ natural gas will continue, to the detri­ several of the New York State Regents feel erals, oil, and natural gas are under­ ment of this Nation's economy and life­ that having no test would be better than neath. style. what they call the far-too-easy test devel­ The d-2 policy adopted by the Depart­ We must plan and prepare for the oped by the State Education Department. ment of Interior commits as much public future now. Alaska will play an im­ If the Regents approve the proposed regu­ lands as possible to parks and wildlife portant role in those preparations. lation that has been before them since last refuges. Any future oil and gas explora­ Alaska can take the lead role in decreas­ November, tests in reading and mathematics tion is limited to specific wildlife refuges ing our oil imports from OPEC countries. will be mandatory for high school graduation But if we never have the opportunity to as of June 1979. Tests in civics, health and and subject to the discretion of the writing will be addea in June 1980. Secretary. discover the resources in Alaska's public At present no statewide test is required Such drastic measures are premature lands then both the State and this Na­ for high-school graduation. To get a state­ when we know so little about Alaska's tion will suffer the consequences.• approved diploma, the student must finish a riches. Who we do know about Alaska four-year course of study in a registered sec­ certainly indicates that there is much ondary school. The requirements for gradua­ more oil and gas there than the admin­ A COMPETENCY TEST FOR HIGH tion are four years of English, three years of istration would have us believe. Further­ SCHOOL STUDENTS THAT IS TOO social studies, including American history, EASY? one year of science and a half year each of more, the mere exploration for minerals health and physical education. There are no and oil does not endanger the natural mathematics or foreign-language require­ beauty and wildlife in Alaska. HON. MARIO BIAGGI ments. The oil from Prudhoe Bay that flows OF NEW YORK To secure a Regents diploma, important for college-bound students, the student must through the Alyeska pipeline represents lN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 6 percent of our present domestic re­ also take a series of tests in several disci­ is Wednesday, March 8, 1978 plines. serves. And yet this oil possibly a small In anticipation of the regulation school part of the potential oil and natural gas • Mr. BIAGGI. Mr. Speaker, in recent districts across the stat e have been adminis­ to be found in Alaska. Despite known years this Nation has heard much about tering the competency test. The examina­ reserves and potentials, there are many the virtues of testing students on all tion is given to ninth-grade students and conservationists that would make cer­ grade levels. I wish to offer another di­ then repeated through high school, if neces­ tain the Alyeska oil is the only Alaskan mension to this issue in the form of a sary, until the students pass all five sections. oil to leave Alaska for the Lower 48. recent article which appeared in the Different versions of the test are developed Such a position is unrealistic. We are New York Times discussing a competency each year, but the ievel of questions remains tho same. caught in the hard realities of an in­ exam for New York's high school stu­ One of the students who took the exami­ dustrial economy. We cannot easily dents which is being blocked because it nation recently was Jeffrey Meyer, a 14-year change our energy consumptive economy is too simple. old freshman at Horace Greeley High School and lifestyle. The realistic solution is to The controversy pits two of New York in Chappaqua. Jeffrey said he found the test discover more crude oil and natural gas State's major educational agencies "so easy it was dumb." One question, here­ and at the same time develop substitutes. against one another-namely the New called, asked what chlorine was used for in a It seems that Carter is not only ignoring York State Education Department which swimming pool. Among the multiple-choice the need to develop domestic oil re­ answers was, "it makes you fioat better." constructed the test, and the State Board Jeffrey said that he could have passed the sources, but he also fails to support the of Regents which is withholding its ap­ test, which is required for high school technological development of alternate proval because of the simplistic nature graduation, three years ago wh~n he was in sources of power, such as nuclear power. of the exam. the sixth grade. His veto of the Clinch River fast breeder I serve on the House Education and SON TELLS FATHER reactor, allegedly for safety's sake, is Labor Committee which is about to con­ Jeffrey told his father, J. Edward Meyer, both untimely and unwise. Foreign na­ sider the extension of the Elementary about the examination. Mr. Meyer, a Regent tions have already developed and are and Secondary Education Act. The ques­ from Westchester obtained a copy of the using fast breeder reactors. Moreover, tion of testing is certain to be discussed. test from the State Education Department these governments have refused to stop The rationale behind testing is to provide and read some of the questions at the No­ the nuclear development. some basis to measure educational vember meeting of the Regents' elementary, If we are to have power and energy in secondary and continuing education com­ achievement of a student. Our Nation's mittee. At the meeting, the Regents were the future, we must plan now. The de­ elementary and secondary schools have being asked to approve an amendment to velopment of nuclear breeder reactors been abdicating their responsibilities to the State Education Law mandating the requires many years of reseach. Carter's provide their students with basic skills competency tests. plan to convert our factories and power and as a result, we have higher numbers "The test is laughable and deceptive," Mr. plants to coal would incur high environ­ of illiterate students. Testing can be an Meyer said. "It's telling kids like my son you mental and safety costs. important component in education if it don't need very much to get that high school Nuclear power is often perceived in diploma." truly reflects a student's aptitude. A test Mr. Meyer said that he would vote against an ominous light. However, nuclear pow­ such as the one in New York indicates adoption of the regulation, saying that no er represents an important source of little about a student's ability. I applaud test would be better than one with such low energy that this country cannot afford the regents for demanding higher stand­ standards. to ignore. With the breeder, nuclear ards in testing. The full article follows: Dr. Kenneth B. Clark, a Regent from New York City, said that the Regents would be energy has the potential to provide more REGENTS BLOCK TEST AS Too EAsy energy than our vast coal reserves. In "institutionalizing retardation" by adopting addition, it is safer and environmentally (By Ari L. Goldman) the basic competency examination. superior to coal. For example, the For the last four months, the New York Nonetheless, Dr. Clark added, he would State Board of Regents has withheld approval vote to approve the test because it repre­ accident rate in operating nuclear re­ of a basic competency test for high school sented "a beginning" in moving toward a actors if far lower than in other utility graduation because many of the Regents feel higher standard. powerplants. The air pollution emis­ the exam's standards are ridiculously low. Mary Alice Kendall, d. Regent from Roch­ sions from nuclear reactors are minimal The test-put together by the State Edu­ ester, said that the competency test was when compared to coal. Moreover, the cation Department-asks students, for ex­ developed because there was a desire for "ac­ dangers associated with coal mining ex- ample, to tell the time on the face of a clock countability" among the public. "We are March 8, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 6153 spending billions of dollars of public money founded the Flying Tigers as the first Prescott was born to a large, poor on education and people deserve account­ airfreight carrier in 1945. family in Fort Worth, Tex., where he abiUty," she said. "We want to demonstrate As a personal friend of Bob Prescott's, tried, for a time, managing prize fight­ a level of achievement so that people w111 think it will have been worth it. But I doubt I was constantly amazed at his determi­ ers. Later, he moved to California where they will be persuaded with this test." nation and courage. With little else, he he attended Compton Junior College. Teachers have also expressed dismay about built what has become one of the most He then entered Loyola University to the competency examination. successful companies in the business. To­ study law, but left in 1939 to enlist in In a letter to the Regents last week, the day, Flying Tigers is the world's largest the U.S. Navy as an aviation cadet. He English faculty of Staley Junior High School all-cargo airline linking key cities was commissioned as an ensign in 1940, in upstate Rome, wrote: "The standards of throughout the United States and Asia and served as flight instructor until he the test were lower than the lowest levels our school standards have reached. Yet, the and covering some 17,500 miles. resigned to join General Chennault. scores will be used again to deceive parents Bob Prescott is definitely a model ex­ Being the hard-driving chief execu­ and employers in regard to the value and ample of the American dream. Starting tive officer for a major company would meaning of a high school diploma." out with only an idea and heavy competi­ seem to be enough for anyone. But Bob The teachers added that the administra­ tion from hundreds of other war flight Prescott was not just anyone. He was tion and scoring of the test "take away from veterans who had the same thought, he also a member of the board of the classroom teaching time." convinced some of his old flying buddies Transportation Association of America Dr. John W. Polley, the acting deputy com­ missioner for elementary, secondary and and a number of businessmen to invest and was . , member of the Board of Direc­ continuing education, said that the approval $178,000 in a new kind of airline--de­ tors of the Air Transport Association. :>f the regulations was held up because of signed specifically for cargo transport. Because of his outstanding contributions Regents' objections to the level of the test The name Flying Tigers is familiar to in the transportation field, the Na­ and because of a desire among the members many. It is the popular name given to tional Defense Transportation Associa­ to mandate remedial courses for those stu­ the famous American volunteer group tion named him "Man of the Year" in dents who do not pass. He said that the staff (AVG) led by General Claire Lee Chen­ 1973. of the Education Department was preparing a response to the requests. nault. The volunteer pilots, one of whom Bob was also very active in civic affairs. Dr. Polley described the basic competency was Bob Prescott, painted snarling jaws He was trustee of the City of Hope, held test developed by the Education Department filled with sharp teeth on the noses of regional industrial chairmanships in the as a "survival test." their P-40 fighters and gave free China United Crusade and was an honorary "It is not aimed at grade level achieve­ an air defense against the Japanese dur­ member of the Air Line Pilots Associa­ ment," he explained, "but at one's ab111ty to ing World War II. Bob took part in five tion and the Wings Club of New York. cope in adult situations." major campaigns with the Flying Tigers Last year, Northrop University conferred In one version of the test, students are ex­ against the Japanese, shooting down six amined on their abillty to understand a rail­ an honorary Doctor of Science degree on road schedule, the label on a medicine bottle, enemy aircraft and finally becoming a him. a restaurant menu and a traffic ticket. flight leader. Bob Prescott was a man of personal Some of the questions require some rea­ When the Flying Tigers disbanded in courage who not only distinguished him­ soning. One question in the civics portion of 1942, Prescott returned to this coun­ self in combat, but in the business world the test reads as follows: try where he began flying with the In­ as well. I think his own statement about A man was arrested for yelling "Fire!" in a tercontinental Division of Trans World his accomplishments exemplifies the type crowded store when there was no fire. At his Airlines. While employed by Trans trial, he claimed that he had the right or of person he was. "It is difficult to ex­ freedom of speech. This person should have World, he served as copilot on the plane press the pride I feel at wha~ has hap­ realized that freedom of speech: that took then Ambassador James E. pened to a struggling idea I had so many 1. does not apply in public places. Davies on his famous Mission to Mos­ years ago."e 2. assumes that permission to speak has cowin 1942. been given. Later that year, he returned to China 3. carries with it a responsibility, as a captain with the c:1ina N~tional AMTRAK, WE NEED YOU IN 4. is a civil right rather than a criminal Aviation Corp., and was assigned to fly MINNESOTA right. Mr. Meyer, the most vocal critic of the military supplies from India to China examination, is not satisfied with a "sur­ over the Himalayan mountains. He com­ HON. BRUCE F. VENTO pleted more than 300 of what became vival test." OF MINNESOTA "We are gearing our exams to the per­ known as the famous "Hump" crossings. centage of kids we think should pass rather For those of us who knew Bob and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES than gearing them to academic excellence," certainly based on his flight experience Wednesday, March 8, 1978 he said. "That is a totally backward way to in the early 1940's, it is hardly surp!':S­ build a .good school system." • Mr. VENTO. Mr. Speaker, the es­ He said that the state should not be afraid ing that he would undertake the task teemed columnist of the Saint Paul Dis­ to impose a test with high academic stand­ to form the Flying Tiger Line. Starting patch, Oliver Towne, does a superb job ards. Such a test would give high school out with only four airplanes and 16 em­ of recalling for his readers some of the students an important message, he said. ployees, he began flying a transcontinen­ more admirable pieces of our history. "As a citizen of this state, you have a right tal route across the United States-an to a high school education," he said, "but idea that he sold to the Los Angeles busi­ Last week, on the occasion of the dedi­ you don't have a right to a high school di­ nessmen who helped him raise the initial cation of the Twin Cities Amtrak Sta­ ploma. You have to earn it."e capital. tion, Oliver Towne wrote of the day After 4 years of flying, the com­ when a famous train, the Winnipeg Lim­ pany finally received official Government ited, provided a very civilized mode of ROBERT W. PRESCOTT: A TRANS­ travel between Saint Paul and Winnipeg. PORTATION PIONEER certification in 1949 and approval for the Nation's first commercial all-cargo route His article from the Saint Paul Dispatch, -No. 100. Twenty years later, in mid- March 3, 1978, follows: HON. CHARLES H. WILSON 1969, Bob was able to see his idea re­ [From the St. Paul Dispatch, Mar. 3, 1978] WE IN MINNESOTA OF CALIFORNIA ceive approval for the first scheduled AMTRAK, NEED You IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES transpacific all-cargo route that linked (By Oliver Towne) its U.S. domestic system with service to Somewhere between H11lsboro, N.D., and Wednesday, March 8, 1978 eight Asian nations and territories. Frand Forks, while driving to Winnipeg on e Mr. CHARLES H. WILSON of cali­ In 1970, the airline became a sub­ Interstate 29 with nothing for two hours ex­ fornia. Mr. Speaker, "We'll fly any­ sidiary of Flying Tiger Corporation, later cept prairie and an occasional snowbound thing, anytime, anyWQere." That slogan renamed Tiger International. Prescott hamlet, I suddenly wished I could have taken was also director of that corporation the train. typified the attitude of the man and the Not the plane, because I am a railroad successful company he founded over 30 as well as the airline and Tiger Leasing buff-a vanishing breed. The last time I years ago. Robert W. Prescott, who died Group. another subsidiary of Tiger In­ went to Winnipeg almost 15 years ago, it was Friday from cancer at his home in Palm ternational, which is enga..;ed in trans- _ on the old Great Northern's Winnipeg Lim­ Beach, Calif., pioneered the air cargo in­ portation and equipment leasing and ited and I have naught but fond memories dustry in the United States when he financing. of that dash from St. Paul to the Manitoba 6154 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 8, 1978 capital, the conviviality in cafe-lounge car WHY I BECAME A JEW Why? and comfortable roomette as we shot north­ Aren't we Christians? Yes, we are. And ward through the night. that's why we're feeling so Jewish! Apparently I am not the only rail rider HON. ROBERT K. DORNAN What so few people realize these days is who misses that mode of travel between two OF CALIFORNIA that Christianity is a Jewish religion! In cities that should be brought much closer fact, as I have explained to a number of together in economic, social and human re­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES rabbis (who have most frequently agreed lationships. Wednesday, March 8, 1978 with me), I see Judaism as divided into four I have in my tattered briefcase, by coinci­ main branches: Orthodox, Conservative, Re­ dence, a just-published missive by the Min­ • Mr. DORNAN. Mr. Speaker, a column furmed-and Christian. nesota Association of Railroad Passengers, was recently called to my attention We're members of the Christian branch of urging the powers that be in the legislature, which I would like to share with my col­ Judaism. the Department of Transportation et al to leagues today. It was written by a man After all, if Jesus was who He claimed to restore this passenger rail link via Amtrak. whose name will be instantly recognized be-the Messiah-He didn't start some new And the people with whom the subject was religion He came as a Jew, and lived as a broached in Winnipeg a week ago were eager by them. He is known to millions of peo­ Jew, and made the statement, "I have not as well as willing. ple around the world as a great enter­ come to destroy the law, but to fulfill it." "Take the train again to the Twin Cities? tainer and upstanding man of character Many thousands of first century Jews, in­ Ah, those were the days I remember well but I have been fortunate enough to cluding rabbis, recognized Him as the ful­ ... you'd get on the old Winnipeger about 8 know him also as a friend. His name is fillment of all Messianic prophecy, and when in the evening here, still time for a nice Pat Boone. they became His fervent disciples they were dinner in the diner," said my friend Charley Pat has long since left behind his ca­ not giving up Judaism. In many cases, they Huot. reer as a rock-and-roll star and has let were more Jewish than ever! "And you'd sit in the lounge and meet Y'ou know that several big-name entertain­ people and get a good night's sleep and there daughter, Debbie, take her place in the ers have converted from Christianity to more you were in the morning for breakfast com­ "pop" spotlight. Pat, Debbie, and the rest orthodox Judaism. I think I understand why. ing through St. Cloud and in St. Paul before of the Boones now spend much of their They were looking for something real and the folks were opening the shops." time touring the country-singing of relevant in their lives, a spiritual anchor and "Just get that train to the border and course-but also talking to Americans heritage, and must have been dissatisfied we'll figure how to bring it into Winnipeg about their beliefs, their Christianity, with the half-measures they'd encountered the last 75 miles," said Rene Turenne, one of and morality in the United States. in organized rellgion. They were looking for the leaders in the St. Boniface French com­ roots, and contact with God. munity. That Pat and his family are ''born Believe me, when you read that Old Testa­ "You used to be able to spend all day buy­ again" Christians, adamant in their ment and you take a look at Abraham and ing or doing business in the Twin Cities, eat faith and fervent in their proselytizing, Moses and Joshua and Elijah and Gideon a leis~rely dinner in a restaurant before is well known and widely admired. But and David, you see people who had living, getting back on the train for Winnipeg at it is less well known that Pat Boone also breathing relationships with the God of all night," said Marcel Martaine, the maitre d' considers himself a Jew. This is the Creation. And that's exciting! 1n a Winnipeg restaurant. startling topic about which he writes in I guess we'd all llke to have that kind of The desk clerk in the Delta Marlborough experience with the One who put all this Inn where we stayed was enthusiastic at the his article. Startling, that is, until one together, and who would talk to us and deal mere hint of talk about restoring the train. takes the time to read it and listen to his with us on a one-to-one basis, wouldn't we? The association has a couple of other reasoning. Judaism, historically, has seemed to offer thoughts I like. · I ask that my colleagues take the time that. They'd restore passenger train service from to read this column of Pat's. As one of But a lot of modern Jews are just as dis­ the Twin Cities to Omaha, via the Minnesota the holiest seasons of the Christian cal­ satisfied with their rellgion as modern Chris­ River Valley to Mankato, then through St. endar approaches, reading it should lead tians and Arabs. Somehow, "religion" as it is James, Mountain Lake, Windom and Worth­ to a greater understanding of the bond often practiced, is like an inoculation-it can ington-route of the old "Omaha Line," give you a mild dose, and make you immune which, in my youth, carried people in com­ which exists between the Old and New to the real thing. Earnest people are looking fort and style aboard such classic trains as Testaments and between Christians and for more than that, and my family and I the "Nightingale," the "North American" Jews. have insisted on experiencing "the real and "Mondamin." The article follows: thing." The "Nightingale" was the premier night (From the Daily Breeze, Jan. 7, 1978] We want what Abraham had-and he limited, a string of "varnished" Pullmans, wasn't born a Jew, either! Judaism didn't WHY I BECAME A JEW really begin as a rellgion or by name, until cafe-lounge and parlor car and one Pullman By Pat Boone took you all the way to California. Abraham's grandson Jacob. After he wrestled DEAR PAT BooNE: More and more I hear with God (Genesis 35), God changed his I can still hear the call of the lonely diesel you talking about Jewish things on tele­ whistle on still nights in Mountain Lake, name to Israel, and that's where the people where I visited my grandparents years ago. vision. of Israel began. I know you have done TV spots with your Abraham is the father of the Arab, the And I'd go right down the track with the daughter, Cherry, encouraging people to give Jew-and the true Christian. God told him proposal to revive streamllner service be­ to the United Jewish Appeal. I've also heard that through his offspring, He would bless all tween here and Kansas City and south to you say proudly that your daughter has the people of the world. And He's done it. Dallas-Fort Worth and Houston via the old learned to read and write Hebrew, and I God deliberately and lovingly chose that Rock Island tracks-Northfield, Faribault, have seen your television special that you His Messiah should come through the Jew. Owatonna, Albert Lea and South. did with your family, "The Pat Boone Fam­ The Redeemer of the world would spring out You remember the "Rockets?" lly in the Holy Land." I also know that yt>u of this small tribe of re1ect'!d and oppresc::ed Alas, these may be like the shimmering wrote the words for "Exodus." people, in ways that would almost hide Him mirages. My question is, have you converted to from all but earnest seekers. Rising off the bleak North Dakota land­ Judaism? He promised in Micah 5:2 that His Messiah scape-pie in the sky, so completely out of Yours sincerely, would be born in Bethlehem; in Isaiah 7: 14 step with current transportation thinking MYRON B. that He would be born of a virgin; and in high circles that they are almost laugh­ I!!aiah 53.6 through 9 that He would live a DEAR MYRON: In a very real way, you could sinless life and be offered as a sacrificial lamb able. say that I've become Jewish. "Are you crazy?" they say. "We aren't as the final atonement for sin; hi Psalm 22 This is true of my whole family. Obviously, that He would die by crucifixion; and Isaiah even sure how long the Amtrak service we none of us has been born in a racially Jewish have will remain." 53 that He would be the final sacrifice for family-but we do strongly identify with the sin; and in Psalm 26 that He would arise Now, if some of the millions that had ancient heritage of the people of Israel, and from the dead! been spent on an Army tank that didn't feel that we have been adopted into that When my family and I were in Israel a work had been channeled into more Amtrak "chosen" family. couple of years ago. we discovered that Jews service, our new Amtrak station in Mid­ My oldest daughter, Cherry, reads and everywhere in that land acknowledge that way-which is dedicated Saturday-might writes Hebrew, and is married to Dan O'Neill, there was a historical Yeshua who lived not be a spectre of what happened to Mid­ who not only is fiuent in Hebrew, but who around the Sea of Galilee, who performed way stadium. lived and worked on two Israeli kibbutzim wonderful miracles, who was crucified out­ What good is a railroad station without during the time surrounding the Y'om Kip­ side the city of Jerusalem, and who was a trains? pur war. "wonderful teacher." Their faith in the As the British Humor magazine "Punch" Occasionally, we have special Hanukkah reality of the man Jesus was stronger in most has oft said, "We may do to ourselves what parties in our home, and attend services at cases than many Christians in this country. we think the Russians will." e a nearby conservative temple. But how could a man be a "wonderful March 8, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 6155 teacher" and a demented egomaniac at the balls and auctions for arts or charity bene­ H.R. 11007 same time? ficiaries. But not for a paycheck. He was either the Messiah, as He claimed­ Thus it came as something of a grand or He wasn't. surprise to ma~y when Annette Strauss, wife HON. ANTHONY C. BEILENSON And if He was, then He was the fulfillment of bank president Ted Strauss, and a woman OF CALIFORNIA of God's promise to Abraham, to Isaac and who had managed projects raising a total IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Jacob, to Moses and the children of Israel, $1,775,000 in the last five years, suddenly was to Isaiah and Amos and every faithful Jew hired by Glenn, Bozell & Jacobs advertising­ Wednesday, March 8, 1978 who ever lived. And He made it possible for public relations firm. The hiring has been me, a Gentile, to get in on it! He made it pos­ called "the coup of the year" by many in ct Mr. BEILENSON. Mr. Speaker, on sible for every human being to have that the PR field. February 21, I introduced a bill

Banking, Housing, and Urban A1falrs Appropriations Environment and Public Works International Finance Subcommittee BUD-Independent Agencies Subcommittee Transportation Subcommittee To resume hearings on FY 79 authoriza­ To hold hearings on budget estimates To continue hearings on S. 2440, pro­ tions for the Export-Import Bank. for FY. 79 for the National Science posed Federal Highway Improvement 5302 Dirksen Building Foundation. Act. Budget 1318 Dirksen Building 5420 Dirksen Building To receive testimony from Representa­ Appropriations 10:00 a.m. tive Bo111ng in preparation for report­ Interior Subcommittee commerce, Science, and Transportation ing the first concurrent resolution on To hold hearings on budget estimates Merchant Marine and Tourism Subcom­ the FY 79 congressional budget. for FY 79 for the Federal Highway mittee 6202 Dirksen Building Management. To hold hearings on S. 2158, to permit Commerce, Science, and Transportation 1114 Dirksen Building the storing of foreign-caught shark To hold oversight hearings on the Marine fins at U.S. foreign trade zones for Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Appropriations eventual exportation to foreign coun­ Act (Titles 1 and 2). Transportation Subcommittee tries. 318 Russell Building To hold hearings on budget estimates 235 Russell Building Energy and Natural Resources for FY 79 for the Federal Highway Energy anolicy. Commerce, Science, and Transportation Financial Institutions Subcommittee 5302 Dirksen Bullding To hold hearings on proposed FY 79 To hold hearings on S. 2096, Right to APRIL 26 authorizations for the U.S. Coast Financial Privacy Act, and S. 2293, to 9:00a.m. Guard. modernize the banking laws with re­ Human Resources 235 Russell Building gard to the geographic placement of Employment, Poverty, and Migratory Labor Energy and Natural Resources electric funds transfer systems. Subcommittee 5302 Dirksen Building To continue markup of S. 2570, to ex­ Public Lands and Resources Subcommittee Select Indian Affairs tend the Comprehensive Employment To hold hearings on S. 242, 1812, and To hold hearings on S. 2375, to establish 2310, bills to amend the Federal land Training Act ( CETA) . reclamation laws. guidelines to be followed by the De­ 4232 Dirksen Building partment of the Interior in response 10:00 a.m. 3110 Dirksen Building to petitioning Indian tribes seeking Appropriations Select Indians Affairs an acknowledgment of a Federal HUD-Independent Agencies Subcommittee To resume oversight hearings on the cur­ relationship. To hold hearings on budget estimates for rent status of the reorganization of 5110 Dirksen Building FY 79 for the Federal Home Loan Bank the Bureau of Indian Affairs. APRIL 19 . Board and the National Institute for 1202 Dirksen Building 10:00 a.m. Building Sciences. 2:00p.m. Appropriations 1318 Dirksen Building Appropriations Transportation Subcommittee Appropriations Transportation Subcommittee To hold hearings on budget estimates for Transportation Subcommittee To continue hearings on budget esti­ fiscal year 1979 for the Urban Mass To hold hearings on budget estimates for mates for FY 79 for the Federal Rail­ Transportation Administration. FY 79 for ConRail and the U.S. Rail­ road Administration. 1224 Dirksen Building road Association. 1224 Dirksen Building Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs 1224 Dirksen Building APRIL 13 Financial Institutions Subcommittee Commerce, Science, and Transportation 10:00 a.m. To continue hearings on S. 2096, the To hold oversight hearings on the Fishery Appropriations Right to Financial Privacy Act, and Conservation and Management Act HUD Independent Agencies Subcommtt~e S. 2293, to modernize the banking (P.L. 94-265). To hold hearings on budget estimates for laws with regard to the geographic 235 Russell Building FY 79 for HUD. placement of electric funds transfer 2:00p.m. 1318 Dirksen Building systems. Appropriations Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs 5302 Dirksen Building Transportation Subcommittee International Finance Subcommittee APRIL 20 To hold hearings on budget estimates for To resume hearings on FY 79 authori­ 10:00 a.m. FY 79 for the National Transportation zations for the Export-Import Bank. Appropriations Safety Board and the ICC. 5302 Dirksen Building HUD Independent Agencies Subcommittee 1224 Dirksen Building To continue hearings on budget esti­ APRIL 27 APRIL 14 mates for FY 79 for NASA. 9:00a.m. 10:00 a.m. 1318 Dirksen Building Human Resources Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs Commerce, Science, and Transportation Employment, Poverty, and Migratory Labor Financial, Institutions Subcommittee To continue oversight hearings on the Subcommittee To continue hearings on S. 2096, the Fishery Conservation and Management To resume markup of S. 50, the Full Right to Financial Privacy Act, and Act (PL. 94-265). Employment and Balanced Growth S. 2293, to modernize the banking laws 6226 Dirksen Building Act. with regard to the geographic place­ MAY 1 4232 Dirksen Buildmg ment of electric funds transfer sys­ 10:00 a.m. 10:00 a.m. tems. Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs Appropriations 5302 Dirksen Bullding To mark up proposed legislation author­ HUD Independent Agencies Subcommittee Select Indian Affairs izing funds for those programs which To continue hearings on budget esti­ To resume hearings on S. 2375, to estab­ fall within the committee's jurisdic­ mates for FY 79 for HUD. lish guidelines to be followed by the tion. · 1318 Dirksen Building Department of the Interior in response 5302 Dirksen Bulldlng 6186 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE March 9, 1978 MAY 2 programs which fall within the com­ MAY 17 10:00 a.m. mittee's jurisdiction. 10:00 a.m. Appropriations 5302 Dirksen Bullding Banking, Housing, and Urban A1fairs Transportation Subcommittee MAY 4 International Finance Subcommittee To hold hearings on budget estimates 10:00 a.m. To hold hearings in connection with re­ . fc; r FY 79 for the Omce of the Secre­ Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs strictions employed by foreign coun­ tary, DOT. To continue markup of proposed legis­ tries to hold down imports of U.S. 1224 Dirksen Building lation authorizing funds for those goods. Banking, Housing, and Urban A1fairs programs which fall within the com­ 5302 Dirksen Bullding To •!ontinue markup of proposed legis­ mittee's jurisdiction. CANCELLATIONS le.tion authorizing funds for those 4200 Dirksen Building programs which fall within the com­ MARCH 21 mittee's jurisdiction. MAY 5 9:30a.m. 10:00 a.m. Finance 5302 Dirksen Building Banking, Housing, and Urban A1falrs MAY 3 Health Subcommittee To continue markup of proposed legis­ To hold hearings on proposed leglslation 10:00 a.m. lation authorizing funds for those Banking, Housing, and Urban A1fairs concerning confidentially of medical programs which fall within the com­ records relating to the Medicare and To continue markup of proposed legis­ mittee's jurisdiction. lation authorizing funds for those Medicaid programs. 5302 Dirksen Bullding 2221 Dirksen Bullding

SENATE-Thursday, March 9, 1978

The Senate met at 12 noon, on the Mr. ALLEN thereupon assumed the for its solvent railroads, grants to rail­ expiration of the recess, in executive ses- chair as Acting President pro tempore. sion, and was called to order by Hon. roads for State rail continuation pro- JAMEs B. ALLEN, a Senator from the State grams, and Federal contributions to rail­ of Alabama. · ------sPECL\L---c>RDER - -road -retirement and social security obli­ gations. Special Federal tax incentives The PRESIDING OFFICER