DOCSLIB.ORG

Södertörns University College Spring 2006 Institution for Political Science Master’S Thesis: 20 Points Supervisor: Yonhyok Choe

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Södertörns University College Spring 2006 Institution for Political Science Master’S Thesis: 20 Points Supervisor: Yonhyok Choe Södertörns University College Spring 2006 Institution for Political Science Master’s Thesis: 20 points Supervisor: Yonhyok Choe Political Personality and Foreign Policy Behavior: A Case Study of Kim Jong-Il and North Korea’s Negotiating Behavior Regarding the Nuclear Issue Chung-Hwan Kim ABSTRACT Political Personality and Foreign Policy Behavior: A Case Study of Kim Jong-Il and North Korea’s Negotiating Behavior Regarding the Nuclear Issue Author: Chung-Hwan Kim The aim of this paper is to analyze the North Korean leader Kim Jong-Il’s personality and its influence on North Korea’s negotiating behavior regarding the nuclear issue. Through the theory of social identity shaping and personality disorder, this study has generated a hypothesis by the operationalization of the theoretical framework. By using these analytical methods the following conclusions have been drawn: Kim Jong-Il had experienced a sense of loss and damaged self-esteem in his childhood. He had tried to compensate for these feelings through the film industry (which served as an ideological tool) in order to regain his father’s affection, and he succeeded in becoming recognized for his political ability. However, he overcompensated for these feelings of low self- esteem by removing his potential political enemies. The experiences made him acquire an idiosyncratic character and personality disorder. This study has found that North Korea’s nuclear negotiations with the United States since 1993 have reflected Kim Jong-Il’s personality. The model of the study can be used as a basis for further academic studies in the practical exploration of the correlations between a country’s foreign policy and its leader’s personality. Keywords : Kim Jong-Il, sense of loss, power seeking, personality, nuclear weapons program, negotiating behavior i Table of Contents Chapter 1. Introduction ...................................................................................................................1 1.1 Background .......................................................................................................................1 1.2 Purpose of the Study and Research Questions ..................................................................2 1.3 Methodology and Materials ..............................................................................................3 1.3.1 Methodology ..........................................................................................................3 1.3.2 Materials.................................................................................................................4 1.3.3 Trustworthiness and Impartiality ...........................................................................5 1.4 Scope of the Study.............................................................................................................5 1.5 Hypothesis.........................................................................................................................9 1.6 Previous Research ...........................................................................................................10 1.7 Structure of the Study......................................................................................................11 Chapter 2. Theoretical Framework................................................................................................12 2.1 Experiences in Early Years and Personality ...................................................................12 2.1.1 The Development of Psycho-Social Identity .......................................................12 2.1.2 Power Seeker Model ............................................................................................13 2.1.3 Power as Compensation .......................................................................................14 2.2 Personality and Policy Behavior .....................................................................................16 2.2.1 The Impact of Personality on Politics ..................................................................16 2.2.2 Personality and Foreign Policy Behavior.............................................................17 2.3 Typology of Personality Disorder...................................................................................19 2.3.1 Compulsive Personality Disorder.........................................................................20 2.3.2 Narcissistic Personality Disorder .........................................................................21 2.3.3 Paranoid Personality Disorder..............................................................................22 2.4 Critical View of Theories................................................................................................22 Chapter 3. Experiences in His Early Years ...................................................................................24 3.1 Dismal Days: Birth and Childhood .................................................................................24 3.1.1 Controversy over Kim Jong-Il’s Birth .................................................................24 3.1.2 Babyhood and Childhood.....................................................................................25 3.2 Leadership Development: Adolescence..........................................................................28 3.3 Involvement in Politics: University Days .......................................................................29 3.4 Kim Jong-Il’s Rise as Successor: Successful First Political Post at the KWP................30 3.4.1 Domestic and International Situation...................................................................30 3.4.2 Kim Jong-Il’s Struggle With His Uncle and Stepmother.....................................32 3.4.3 Secret Nomination of the Successor.....................................................................33 Chapter 4. Kim Jong-Il’s Political Personality and Policy Behavior............................................35 4.1 Kim Jong-Il’s Sense of Loss and Low Self-Esteem........................................................35 4.1.1. Sense of Loss.......................................................................................................36 4.1.2 Low Self-Esteem ..................................................................................................37 4.2 Looking for Power as Compensation: Hypothesis 1.......................................................37 4.2.1 Regaining His Father’s Affection ........................................................................38 4.2.2 Devotion to the Film Industry to Show His Loyalty to His Father......................40 4.3 Kim Jong-Il’s Political Personality: Hypothesis 2 ..........................................................42 4.3.1. Character .............................................................................................................42 4.3.2. Worldview...........................................................................................................44 ii 4.3.3 Style......................................................................................................................45 4.4. Idiosyncratic Policy Behavior: Hypothesis 3.................................................................46 4.4.1 Narcissistic Policy Behavior ................................................................................47 4.4.2 Paranoid Policy Behavior.....................................................................................48 4.5 Discussion .......................................................................................................................50 Chapter 5. Analysis of the Negotiating Behavior Regarding the Nuclear Issue and Kim Jong-Il’s Personality: Hypothesis 4..52 5.1 The Origin of the Nuclear Crisis on the Korean Peninsula.............................................52 5.2 The First Nuclear Crisis and Negotiations with the U.S.................................................53 5.3 The Second Nuclear Crisis and Negotiations with the U.S.............................................55 5.4 The Influence of Kim Jong-Il’s Personality on Nuclear Negotiations............................61 5.4.1 North Korea’s Position on the Nuclear Issue.......................................................61 5.4.2 Kim Jong-Il’s Personality and the Nuclear Issue.................................................63 5.5 Summary .........................................................................................................................66 Chapter 6. Findings and Conclusions............................................................................................68 6.1 How Was Kim Jong-Il’s Experiences in His Early Years?.............................................68 6.2 How Has Kim Jong-Il’s Personality Affected the North’s Nuclear Negotiations?.........69 6.3 Implications and Future Research...................................................................................70 References .....................................................................................................................................73 iii List of Abbreviations CVID Complete, Verifiable, Irreversible Dismantlement – the basic condition for the abolishment of North Korea’s nuclear weapons program that the Bush administration had demanded. Although the U.S. these days refrains from using this term as countries involved point out that the term also arouses feelings amongst the North Koreans, it is still the U.S.’s fundamental
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Tradition and Legitimation in North Korea: the Role of the Moranbong Band
    Article Tradition and Legitimation in North Korea: The Role of the Moranbong Band Pekka KORHONEN and Adam CATHCART The Review of Korean Studies Volume 20 Number 2 (December 2017): 7-32 ©2017 by the Academy of Korean Studies. All rights reserved. 8 The Review of Korean Studies Introduction North Korea continues to maintain its position in the global media spotlight, having attained an almost magnetic status more central than the size and wealth of the state would ostensibly warrant. Much of this has to do with the fact that it is both an agent and the target of continuous propaganda war, the Korean peninsula being one of the main theatres where the increasing military tension in East Asia is played out. Rounds of tightening multilateral and unilateral sanctions by the United Nations and individual states create continuous speculation of a possible collapse of the North Korean regime, but its staying power has been surprising over the decades. The Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK) was officially founded in 1948, making it now 69 years old. There must be reasons why it does not easily collapse, and the usual propagandistic explanations of repression, surveillance, information control, and harsh punishments are not satisfactory as the sole reasons (Eberstadt 2013). Significant changes are taking place in the society. This is what observers of North Korean economy have been arguing already for years (Smith 2015, 260- 93; Lankov and Kim 2008; Lankov 2015), but changes are occurring also in the cultural sphere. North Korea as a distinct society already has traditions spanning over three generations, and with them the state has a proven order and a certain legitimacy, which helps in understanding its resilience even against the collective will of the rest of the world.
    [Show full text]
  • Current Affairs in North Korea, 2010-2017: a Collection of Research Notes
    235 Current Affairs in North Korea, 2010-2017: A Collection of Research Notes Rudiger Frank Abstract Starting with the public introduction of Kim Jong-un to the public in autumn of 2010 and ending with observations of consumerism in February 2017, this collection of 16 short research notes that were originally published at 38North discusses some of the most crucial issues, aside from the nuclear problem, that dominated the field of North Korean Studies in the past decade. Left in their original form, these short articles show the consistency of major North Korean policies as much as the development of our understanding of the new leader and his approach. Topics covered include the question of succession, economic statistics, new ideological trends such as pyŏngjin, techno- logical developments including a review of the North Korean tablet computer Samjiyŏn, the Korean unification issue, special economic zones, foreign trade, parliamentary elections and the first ever Party congress since 1980. Keywords: North Korea, DPRK, 38North Frank, Rudiger. “Current Affairs in North Korea, 2010-2017: A Collection of Research Notes” In Vienna Journal of East Asian Studies, Volume 9, eds. Rudiger Frank, Ina Hein, Lukas Pokorny, and Agnes Schick-Chen. Vienna: Praesens Verlag, 2017, pp. 235–350. https://doi.org/10.2478/vjeas-2017-0008 236 Vienna Journal of East Asian Studies Hu Jintao, Deng Xiaoping or another Mao Zedong? Power Restruc- turing in North Korea Date of original publication: 5 October 2010 URL: http://38north.org/2010/10/1451 “Finally,” one is tempted to say. The years of speculation and half-baked news from dubious sources are over.
    [Show full text]
  • The Koreas and the Policy/Culture Nexus
    Two States, One Nation: The Koreas and the Policy/Culture Nexus Jacqueline Willis Institute for Culture and Society University of Western Sydney A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. © 2013 Acknowledgements I would like to especially thank my principal supervisor Professor James Arvanitakis for the unfailing guidance, encouragement and support he has given me throughout my candidature. His academic expertise, enthusiasm and assuring presence have provided the motivation, confidence and direction needed to complete this intellectually stimulating, though sometimes daunting task. I gratefully acknowledge and extend immeasurable thanks for his mentorship, editorship and invaluable feedback, without which this thesis could not have been written. I would also like to acknowledge the input of my co-supervisor Professor Brett Neilson, whose expert knowledge and recommendations have proven invaluable to the development and completion of this thesis. Special thanks and acknowledgement must also be given to Shin Yoon Ju for providing Korean-English translations, as well as to Brian J. McMorrow, Grete Howard, Eric Testroete, Chris Wood, Raymond Cunningham and fellow Korea researcher, Christopher Richardson, for generously allowing me to use and reproduce their personal photographs. Thanks too to those affiliated with the Institute for Culture and Society at the University of Western Sydney, for their committed nurturing of my academic development and ambitions over the course of my doctoral enrolment. Finally, I would like to extend gratitude to my family, friends and colleagues for always encouraging me in my academic endeavours. Their patience, unwavering support and steadfast faith in my ability have been powerful incentives, driving and sustaining me in my scholarly pursuits.
    [Show full text]
  • UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations
    UCLA UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title From Soviet Origins to Chuch’e: Marxism-Leninism in the History of North Korean Ideology, 1945-1989 Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/88w5d6zj Author Stock, Thomas Publication Date 2018 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Los Angeles From Soviet Origins to Chuch’e: Marxism-Leninism in the History of North Korean Ideology, 1945-1989 A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Asian Languages and Cultures by Thomas Stock 2018 © Copyright by Thomas Stock 2018 ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION From Soviet Origins to Chuch’e: Marxism-Leninism in the History of North Korean Ideology, 1945-1989 by Thomas Stock Doctor of Philosophy in Asian Languages and Cultures University of California, Los Angeles, 2018 Professor Namhee Lee, Chair Where lie the origins of North Korean ideology? When, why, and to what extent did North Korea eventually pursue a path of ideological independence from Soviet Marxism- Leninism? Scholars typically answer these interrelated questions by referencing Korea’s historical legacies, such as Chosŏn period Confucianism, colonial subjugation, and Kim Il Sung’s guerrilla experience. The result is a rather localized understanding of North Korean ideology and its development, according to which North Korean ideology was rooted in native soil and, on the basis of this indigenousness, inevitably developed in contradistinction to Marxism-Leninism. Drawing on Eastern European archival materials and North Korean theoretical journals, the present study challenges our conventional views about North Korean ideology.
    [Show full text]
  • Bruce Cumings, the Korean
    THE KOREAN WAR clan A9:4 A HISTORY ( toot ie let .•-,• ••% ale draa. • 0%1. • .„ \ •r• • • di 11111 1 41'• di• wrsn..."7 • -s. ve,„411p- • dm0 41N-Nitio6 u". •••• -- 411 • ose - r 011.,r•rw••••••• ate,tit 0it it& ado tem.........,111111111nrra° 1 40 Of ••••••—•S‘ 11••••••••••••••• 4,1••••••• o CUMINGS' •IP • AABOUTBOUT THE AAUTHORUTHOR BRUCE CCUMINGSUMINGS is the Gustavus F. and Ann M.M. Swift DistinguishedDistinguished Service ProfessorProfessor inin HistoryHistory atat the University ofof ChicagoChicago and specializesspecializes inin modernmodem KoreanKorean history,history, internationalinternational history,history, andand EastEast AsianAsian–American–American relations. 2010 Modern LibraryLibrary EditionEdition CopyrightCopyright CD© 2010 by Bruce Cumings Maps copyrightcopyright ©0 2010 by Mapping Specialists AllAll rights reserved. Published in the United States by Modern Library,Library, an imprintimprint ofof TheThe Random HouseHouse PublishingPublishing Group,Group, a division ofof RandomRandom House, Inc., New York.York. MODERN L IBRARY and the T ORCHBEARER DesignDesign areare registeredregistered trademarkstrademarks ofof RandomRandom House,House, Inc.Inc. LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGINGCATALOGING-IN-PUBLICATION-IN-PUBLICATION DATADATA Cumings,Cumings, Bruce TheThe KoreanKorean War/BruceWar/Bruce Cumings. p. cm.cm.—(A—(A modern librarylibrary chronicleschronicles book)book) eISBN:eISBN: 978-0-679-60378-8978-0-679-60378-8 1.1. Korean War, 1950-1953.1950–1953. 22. KoreanKorean War, 19501950-1953—United–1953—United States. 3. Korean War,War, 19501950-1953—Social–1953—Social aspectsaspects—United—United States. I. Title. DS918.C75D5918.C75 2010 951 951.904 .9042—dc22′2—dc22 2010005629 2010005629 www.modernlibrary.comwww.modemlibrary.com v3.0 CHRONOLOGY 2333 B.C.B.C. Mythical Mythical founding ofof thethe Korean nationnation byby Tangun and hishis bear wifewife.
    [Show full text]
  • Kim Il Sung Reminiscences with the Century Vol. V
    Kim Il Sung Reminiscences With the Century Vol. V A Aan-ri, (V) 438 Advance Association, (V) 255 Africa, (V) 272 Amnok River, (V) 52, 83, 84, 88, 92, 131, 135, 144, 151, 163, 185, 190, 196, 197, 202, 210, 259, 260, 310, 311, 312, 314, 315, 319, 323, 336, 438, 441, 447 Riverine Road, (V) 102 Amur River, (V) 72, 445 An Chang Ho, (V) 252 An Chung Gun, (V) 349, 366 An Jong Suk, (V) 216, 216 An Kwang Chon, (V) 249, 252 An Tok Hun, (V) 191, 320, 321, 322 An Yong Ae, (V) 79 Anti-Communism, (V) 105, 272, 355 Anti-Factionalism (poem), (V) 237 Anti-Feudalism, (V) 375, 380 Anti-Imperialist Youth League, (V) 221, 267, 430 Anti-Japanese, (V) 3, 3, 7, 8, 10, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 23, 26, 27, 28, 31, 33, 34, 35, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 47, 51, 52, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 64, 65, 70, 75, 79, 82, 83,85, 92, 96, 103, 105, 108, 111, 114, 115, 122, 124, 126, 132, 133, 134, 135, 137, 139, 140, 142, 143, 144, 147, 148, 156, 157, 163, 165, 170, 174, 181, 182, 183, 185, 186, 187, 192, 193, 200, 204, 205, 207, 208, 221, 227, 231, 232, 233, 234, 239, 240, 241, 245, 250, 251, 255, 261, 263, 264, 265, 270, 271, 275, 279, 281, 282, 285, 294, 295, 298, 301, 304, 305, 309, 310, 312, 313, 322, 328, 334, 346, 348, 349, 350, 351, 353, 363, 377, 382, 384, 387, 388, 390, 392, 396, 405, 407, 421, 436, 445 Allied Army, (V) 202, 263 Association, (V) 26, 30, 209, 255, 305 Guerrilla Army of Northern Korea, (V) 306, 307 Youth Daily, (V) 228 Youth League, (V) 189, 244, 434 Anti-Manchukuo, (V) 148, 315 Anti-Soviet, (V) 274 Antu, (V) 4, 42, 47, 48, 76, 133, 138, 210, 216, 216, 325 Appeal
    [Show full text]
  • The Complexity of Cross-National Interactions on the North Korean Issue
    Major Research Paper The Complexity of Cross-National Interactions on the North Korean Issue Liliya Akhtemova 8182753 Research Supervisor Professor Yongjing Zhang March 22, 2017 Table of Content Abstract .......................................................................................................................................... 3 Chapter 1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 4 The Actuality of the Study ........................................................................................................... 4 Purpose ....................................................................................................................................... 5 Research Question ...................................................................................................................... 6 Method ........................................................................................................................................ 6 Contribution ................................................................................................................................. 7 Structure ....................................................................................................................................... 7 Chapter 2 Theory and Approaches: Literature review .................................................................................. 9 Neorealism: Security on the Korean Peninsula and Nuclear Proliferation
    [Show full text]
  • Juche 91(2002) Today Poster: Mass Gymnastic and Artistic Performance “Arirang”
    ∆ Thanks to His Parental Care ∆ Musan Workers 4 Korea Juche 91(2002) Today Poster: Mass Gymnastic and Artistic Performance “Arirang”. KOREA TODAY Published in English, Russian, Chinese, MONTHLY JOURNAL French, Spanish and Arabic No.4 (550) Juche 91 (2002) CONTENTS President’s Everlasting Achievements ......…….......….........2 Thanks to His Parental Care …........4 A Parent of All Schoolchildren …......7 Brief History of the Revolutionary Activities of President Kim Il Sung..........................…........8 With the Passage of Time.......……17 Torch of Ranam Lights the Whole Country ......................……....18 The National Mineral Resources Front Cover: On the Way to Symbol of Our Principles Mansu Hill on the Day of Survey Group .....................…........22 and Faith (p. 31) the Sun Five-Point Policy of Great The Day of the Sun, April The gun of revolution National Unity—A Programme 15, is the birthday of President President Kim Il Sung held up for Reunification ..........…........…..23 70 years ago is still firmly Kim Il Sung. Every year on this maintained, on the strength of From Kim Il Sung’s Reminiscences day, the Korean people visit his the army-centred idea of “With the Century” statue on Mansu Hill to renew leader Kim Jong Il. Fighters from Northern their pledge to faithfully imple- Manchuria ......................…….…...24 ment the President’s instruc- The Woman Who Lives on tions. in the Minds of the People....…......27 Photo by So Myong Gun Victorious Spirit of the Pyongyang Declaration .........…....30 KPA Celebrates 70th Back Cover: Mangyongdae Funfair Anniversary of Its Founding .........32 Photo by Kim Jong Su Mangyongdae, the Place Dear Birth of 300th Set of to People’s Hearts ........…..............36 Triplets (p.
    [Show full text]
  • The Arirang Mass Games of North Korea
    Rudiger Frank: The Arirang Mass Games of North Korea. The Asia-Pacific Journal, Vol. 11, Issue 46, No. 2, December 2013, http://japanfocus.org The Arirang Mass Games of North Korea Rudiger Frank1 Purpose and focus Having grown up in East Germany, from early on I have been familiar with all kinds of mass performances, including organized parades, meetings, or so-called mass games or mass gymnastics. All of them involved large numbers of people, often in the thousands or tens of thousands. 2 The performances were characterized by a high level of synchronism and uniformity. They included music, artistic components, dancing and marching. They brimmed over with symbolism. The 대집단체조와 예술공연 아리랑 (Mass gymnastics and artistic performance Arirang), in the West usually known as Arirang Mass Games (henceforth Arirang) of the DPRK, or North Korea, thus do not strike me as particularly “breathtaking”, which seems to be the typical reaction of most visitors. This does not mean, however, that Arirang is less worth of our attention. Technically speaking, Arirang is a visual and acoustic artistic and gymnastics performance that takes place in a large stadium. It is said to involve 100,000 participants who either perform on stage or as “pixels” in a large “living” screen, a human canvas on which various images and slogans are shown. I look at Arirang as part of my attempts at understanding the North Korean system through the lens of its own public statements, often referred to as propaganda. I will thus not discuss the aesthetics or explore how the mass games relegate the individual to the role of a tiny piece in large machinery, how they suppress individuality and show that usefulness is only in the group.
    [Show full text]
  • The Formation of Juche Ideology and Personality Cult in North Korea Bianca Trifoi Florida International University, [email protected]
    Florida International University FIU Digital Commons FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations University Graduate School 3-23-2017 Kim was Korea and Korea was Kim: The Formation of Juche Ideology and Personality Cult in North Korea Bianca Trifoi Florida International University, [email protected] DOI: 10.25148/etd.FIDC001747 Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd Part of the Asian History Commons, Asian Studies Commons, International Relations Commons, Korean Studies Commons, Political History Commons, and the Soviet and Post-Soviet Studies Commons Recommended Citation Trifoi, Bianca, "Kim was Korea and Korea was Kim: The orF mation of Juche Ideology and Personality Cult in North Korea" (2017). FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 3275. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3275 This work is brought to you for free and open access by the University Graduate School at FIU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of FIU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. FLORIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY Miami, Florida KIM WAS KOREA AND KOREA WAS KIM: THE FORMATION OF JUCHE IDEOLOGY AND PERSONALITY CULT IN NORTH KOREA A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS in ASIAN STUDIES by Bianca Trifoi 2017 To: Dean John F. Stack Steven J. Green School of International and Public Relations This thesis, written by Bianca Trifoi, and entitled Kim was Korea and Korea was Kim: The Formation of Juche Ideology and Personality Cult in North Korea, having been approved in respect to style and intellectual content, is referred to you for judgment.
    [Show full text]
  • Musikpädagogik in Nordkorea
    Musikpädagogik in Nordkorea Inauguraldissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades der Humanwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Universität zu Köln nach der Promotionsordnung vom 10.05.2010 vorgelegt von Mi-Kyung, Chang aus Seoul (Südkorea) Dezember/2014 Diese Dissertation wurde von der Humanwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Universität zu Köln im April 2015 angenommen. Inhaltsverzeichnis 1. Einleitung-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4 1.1 Forschungsinteresse und Zielsetzung--------------------------------------------4 1.2 Ausblick: Eine positive Rolle der Musikpädagogik für den Wiederverei- nigungsprozess-------------------------------------------------------------------------9 1.3 Zur Forschungs- und Quellenlage------------------------------------------------10 2. Zum historischen Hintergrund: Der Koreakrieg und die endgültige Landesteilung-----------------------------------------------------------------------------14 2.1. Unabhängigkeit und erste Teilung ----------------------------------------------14 2.2. Die Entstehung des Teilungssystems-------------------------------------------18 2.2.1 Regierungsbildung in der Republik Korea------------------------------18 2.2.2 Regierungsgründung im Norden Koreas--------------------------------20 2.2.3 Der Weg zum Koreakrieg---------------------------------------------------22 2.3. Die Situation vor dem Koreakrieg -----------------------------------------------23 2.3.1 Die Lage im Süden-----------------------------------------------------------23 2.3.2
    [Show full text]
  • KIM IL SUNG with the Century 2
    KIM IL SUNG With the Century 2 FOREIGN LANGUAGES PUBLISHING HOUSE PYONGYANG, KOREA 1994 Part I THE ANTI-JAPANESE REVOLUTION 2 I went to Beishan Park before leaving Jilin in the summer of 1930 The Rev. Son Jong Do’s house and his daughter The summer of 1930 A street in Dunhua Mrs. Song Gye Sim and her son Ko Jae Bong Some phases of the bestial atrocities and plunder committed by the Japanese in those days The general strike of the dockers in Wonsan The massacre of Korean patriots Their plunder of natural resources The Suppression of Kwangju Students’ Movement The fabrication of the Wanbaoshan incident Han Yong Ae who helped me in my underground struggle Harbin My younger brother Chol Ju and Zhang Wei-hua Hailong Tong-A Ilbo (dated March 26, 1931) reports my arrest Jiajiatun village where the Kalun Meeting was held and the first party organization was formed Kalun Railway Station The house in Kalun where I stayed Bolshevik, the organ of the first party organization A panoramic view of Lijiatun in Guyushu where the Korean Revolutionary Army was formed Tieling Kim Hyok Kong Yong Gongzhuling Choe Chang Gol Kim Won U Kye Yong Chun Pak Kun Won Changchun My uncle Kim Hyong Gwon The Hamnam 268 which the members of the KRA unit captured Publications reporting the KRA’s advance into the homeland A grave-keeper’s house at Riwon where the members of the armed group which had advanced into the homeland stayed for a few days Choe Hyo Il The site of the Naejung police sub-station in Phabal-ri A temple on Mt.
    [Show full text]