Retinal Ganglion Cells—Diversity of Cell Types and Clinical Relevance
REVIEW published: 21 May 2021 doi: 10.3389/fneur.2021.661938 Retinal Ganglion Cells—Diversity of Cell Types and Clinical Relevance Ungsoo Samuel Kim 1,2,3,4*, Omar A. Mahroo 4,5,6, John D. Mollon 7 and Patrick Yu-Wai-Man 2,3,4,5 1 Kim’s Eye Hospital, Seoul, South Korea, 2 John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair and MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom, 3 Cambridge Eye Unit, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, United Kingdom, 4 Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom, 5 Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, United Kingdom, 6 Section of Ophthalmology, King’s College London, St. Thomas’ Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom, 7 Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) are the bridging neurons that connect the retinal input to the visual processing centres within the central nervous system. There is a remarkable diversity of RGCs and the various subtypes have unique morphological features, distinct functions, and characteristic pathways linking the inner retina to the relevant brain areas. A number of psychophysical and electrophysiological tests have been refined to investigate this large and varied population of RGCs. Technological advances, such as high-resolution optical coherence tomography imaging, have provided additional tools to Edited by: Kenneth Shindler, define the pattern of RGC involvement and the chronological sequence of events in both University of Pennsylvania, inherited and acquired optic neuropathies. The mechanistic insights gained from these United States studies, in particular the selective vulnerability and relative resilience of particular RGC Reviewed by: subtypes, are of fundamental importance as they are directly relevant to the development Alfredo A.
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