Chlorination of Alcohols Using Potassium Chromate-Based Chlorotrimethylsilane
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Improved Procedure for the Reductive Acetylation of Acyclic Esters and a New Synthesis of Ethers
J. Org. Chem. 2000, 65, 191-198 191 Improved Procedure for the Reductive Acetylation of Acyclic Esters and a New Synthesis of Ethers David J. Kopecky and Scott D. Rychnovsky* Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92717-2025 Received September 14, 1999 An optimized protocol for the DIBALH reductive acetylation of acyclic esters and diesters is described. This reductive acetylation procedure allows a wide variety of esters to be converted into the corresponding R-acetoxy ethers in good to excellent yields. It was found that, under mild acidic conditions, many R-acetoxy ethers can be further reduced to the corresponding ethers. This net two-step ester deoxygenation is an attractive alternative to the classical Williamson synthesis for certain ethers. Introduction The reduction and in situ acetylation of esters was developed in our laboratory several years ago to provide access to unusual cyclic acetal structures.1 The general strategy involved trapping of the aluminum hemiacetal intermediate found in the reduction of an ester to an aldehyde by diisobutylaluminum hydride (DIBALH). Other groups had previously trapped the same type of intermediate with a trimethylsilyl group.2 After some exploration, we found that acetic anhydride, DMAP, and pyridine led to efficient trapping to give R-acetoxy ethers 1 Figure 1. Original DIBALH reductive acetylation conditions from the cyclic esters we had been studying. We were for lactones and some acyclic esters. surprised to find that the same conditions gave satisfac- R tory yields of the -acetoxy ethers from acyclic esters. a 12 h period, an R-acetoxy ether of the general structure The R-acetoxy ethers can be activated with a variety of 3 was isolated. -
Safety Data Sheet
SAFETY DATA SHEET Revision Date 13-Dec-2020 Revision Number 6 SECTION 1: IDENTIFICATION OF THE SUBSTANCE/MIXTURE AND OF THE COMPANY/UNDERTAKING 1.1. Product identifier Product Description: Neopentyl alcohol Cat No. : 128250000; 128250100; 128250500 Synonyms 2,2-Dimethyl-1-propanol CAS-No 75-84-3 EC-No. 200-907-3 Molecular Formula C5 H12 O 1.2. Relevant identified uses of the substance or mixture and uses advised against Recommended Use Laboratory chemicals. Uses advised against No Information available 1.3. Details of the supplier of the safety data sheet Company UK entity/business name Fisher Scientific UK Bishop Meadow Road, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 5RG, United Kingdom EU entity/business name Acros Organics BVBA Janssen Pharmaceuticalaan 3a 2440 Geel, Belgium E-mail address [email protected] 1.4. Emergency telephone number For information US call: 001-800-ACROS-01 / Europe call: +32 14 57 52 11 Emergency Number US:001-201-796-7100 / Europe: +32 14 57 52 99 CHEMTREC Tel. No.US:001-800-424-9300 / Europe:001-703-527-3887 SECTION 2: HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION 2.1. Classification of the substance or mixture CLP Classification - Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 Physical hazards Flammable solids Category 2 (H228) Health hazards ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ACR12825 Page 1 / 10 SAFETY DATA SHEET Neopentyl alcohol Revision Date 13-Dec-2020 ______________________________________________________________________________________________ Acute Inhalation Toxicity - Dusts and Mists (H332) Category 4 Specific target organ toxicity - (single exposure) (H335) Category 3 (H336) Environmental hazards Based on available data, the classification criteria are not met Full text of Hazard Statements: see section 16 2.2. -
Catalytic Effect of Ultrananocrystalline Fe3o4 on Algal Bio-Crude Production Via HTL Process
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Nanoscale. This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2015 Catalytic Effect of Ultrananocrystalline Fe3O4 on Algal Bio-Crude Production via HTL Process Arnulfo Rojas-Péreza, Daysi Diaz-Diestraa,b, Cecilia B. Frias-Floresa, Juan Beltran-Huaraca,b, K. C. Dasc, Brad R. Weinera,b, Gerardo Morella,b and Liz M. Díaz-Vázquez*a Table 1-S: Profile of volatile and semivolatile compounds of the bio-crudes obtained from raw Ulva fasciata in absence of UNCFO (only compounds with quality identification factor higher that 70 were considered through NIST library) Library/ID Area Benzenepropanoic acid 0.1005 1H-Pyrrole 0.0114 Anthracene 0.0409 2,3,4-Trimethylpyrrole 0.0231 2,5-di-tert-Butyl-1,4-benzoquinone 0.0565 1H-Pyrrole 0.0493 Methylhydroquinon 0.1455 Pyridine 0.084 Acetophenone 0.0671 2-Pyridinamine, 4,6-dimethyl- 0.0094 Acetamide 0.08 2-Acetonylcyclopentanone 0.0097 1H-Indole, 2,6-dimethyl- 0.2334 Phenol 0.0503 1,2-Benzenediol 0.1657 Benzoic acid 0.09 Butylated Hydroxytoluene 0.2888 Benzenamine 0.0154 2-Isopropyl-10-methylphenanthrene 0.1123 2-Cyclopenten-1-one 0.147 5-Chloro-3-phenyl-1H-indazole 0.0976 2,4-Heptadiene 0.1024 1-Isopropyl-1H-indole 0.1426 Nonanoic acid 0.0385 Anthracene 0.067 7-Methylindan-1-one 0.0168 2,5-Diphenyl-2,4-hexadiene 0.0685 3-Methylcatechol 0.1156 2,3,7-Trimethylindole 0.2276 Acetophenone 0.1829 2-Methyl-5-(hexyn-1-yl)pyridine 0.0527 1H-Indole 0.1785 1-Nonadecene 0.2075 Acetamide, 0.1709 Heptadecanoic acid 0.2635 2,4-Diamino-N,N,5-trimethyl-6- 0.2219 9-Octadecenoic acid -
Chemical Name Federal P Code CAS Registry Number Acutely
Acutely / Extremely Hazardous Waste List Federal P CAS Registry Acutely / Extremely Chemical Name Code Number Hazardous 4,7-Methano-1H-indene, 1,4,5,6,7,8,8-heptachloro-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro- P059 76-44-8 Acutely Hazardous 6,9-Methano-2,4,3-benzodioxathiepin, 6,7,8,9,10,10- hexachloro-1,5,5a,6,9,9a-hexahydro-, 3-oxide P050 115-29-7 Acutely Hazardous Methanimidamide, N,N-dimethyl-N'-[2-methyl-4-[[(methylamino)carbonyl]oxy]phenyl]- P197 17702-57-7 Acutely Hazardous 1-(o-Chlorophenyl)thiourea P026 5344-82-1 Acutely Hazardous 1-(o-Chlorophenyl)thiourea 5344-82-1 Extremely Hazardous 1,1,1-Trichloro-2, -bis(p-methoxyphenyl)ethane Extremely Hazardous 1,1a,2,2,3,3a,4,5,5,5a,5b,6-Dodecachlorooctahydro-1,3,4-metheno-1H-cyclobuta (cd) pentalene, Dechlorane Extremely Hazardous 1,1a,3,3a,4,5,5,5a,5b,6-Decachloro--octahydro-1,2,4-metheno-2H-cyclobuta (cd) pentalen-2- one, chlorecone Extremely Hazardous 1,1-Dimethylhydrazine 57-14-7 Extremely Hazardous 1,2,3,4,10,10-Hexachloro-6,7-epoxy-1,4,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydro-1,4-endo-endo-5,8- dimethanonaph-thalene Extremely Hazardous 1,2,3-Propanetriol, trinitrate P081 55-63-0 Acutely Hazardous 1,2,3-Propanetriol, trinitrate 55-63-0 Extremely Hazardous 1,2,4,5,6,7,8,8-Octachloro-4,7-methano-3a,4,7,7a-tetra- hydro- indane Extremely Hazardous 1,2-Benzenediol, 4-[1-hydroxy-2-(methylamino)ethyl]- 51-43-4 Extremely Hazardous 1,2-Benzenediol, 4-[1-hydroxy-2-(methylamino)ethyl]-, P042 51-43-4 Acutely Hazardous 1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane 96-12-8 Extremely Hazardous 1,2-Propylenimine P067 75-55-8 Acutely Hazardous 1,2-Propylenimine 75-55-8 Extremely Hazardous 1,3,4,5,6,7,8,8-Octachloro-1,3,3a,4,7,7a-hexahydro-4,7-methanoisobenzofuran Extremely Hazardous 1,3-Dithiolane-2-carboxaldehyde, 2,4-dimethyl-, O- [(methylamino)-carbonyl]oxime 26419-73-8 Extremely Hazardous 1,3-Dithiolane-2-carboxaldehyde, 2,4-dimethyl-, O- [(methylamino)-carbonyl]oxime. -
The List of Extremely Hazardous Substances)
APPENDIX A (THE LIST OF EXTREMELY HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES) THRESHOLD REPORTABLE INVENTORY RELEASE QUANTITY QUANTITY CAS NUMBER CHEMICAL NAME (POUNDS) (POUNDS) 75-86-5 ACETONE CYANOHYDRIN 500 10 1752-30-3 ACETONE THIOSEMICARBAZIDE 500/500 1,000 107-02-8 ACROLEIN 500 1 79-06-1 ACRYLAMIDE 500/500 5,000 107-13-1 ACRYLONITRILE 500 100 814-68-6 ACRYLYL CHLORIDE 100 100 111-69-3 ADIPONITRILE 500 1,000 116-06-3 ALDICARB 100/500 1 309-00-2 ALDRIN 500/500 1 107-18-6 ALLYL ALCOHOL 500 100 107-11-9 ALLYLAMINE 500 500 20859-73-8 ALUMINUM PHOSPHIDE 500 100 54-62-6 AMINOPTERIN 500/500 500 78-53-5 AMITON 500 500 3734-97-2 AMITON OXALATE 100/500 100 7664-41-7 AMMONIA 500 100 300-62-9 AMPHETAMINE 500 1,000 62-53-3 ANILINE 500 5,000 88-05-1 ANILINE,2,4,6-TRIMETHYL- 500 500 7783-70-2 ANTIMONY PENTAFLUORIDE 500 500 1397-94-0 ANTIMYCIN A 500/500 1,000 86-88-4 ANTU 500/500 100 1303-28-2 ARSENIC PENTOXIDE 100/500 1 THRESHOLD REPORTABLE INVENTORY RELEASE QUANTITY QUANTITY CAS NUMBER CHEMICAL NAME (POUNDS) (POUNDS) 1327-53-3 ARSENOUS OXIDE 100/500 1 7784-34-1 ARSENOUS TRICHLORIDE 500 1 7784-42-1 ARSINE 100 100 2642-71-9 AZINPHOS-ETHYL 100/500 100 86-50-0 AZINPHOS-METHYL 10/500 1 98-87-3 BENZAL CHLORIDE 500 5,000 98-16-8 BENZENAMINE, 3-(TRIFLUOROMETHYL)- 500 500 100-14-1 BENZENE, 1-(CHLOROMETHYL)-4-NITRO- 500/500 500 98-05-5 BENZENEARSONIC ACID 10/500 10 3615-21-2 BENZIMIDAZOLE, 4,5-DICHLORO-2-(TRI- 500/500 500 FLUOROMETHYL)- 98-07-7 BENZOTRICHLORIDE 100 10 100-44-7 BENZYL CHLORIDE 500 100 140-29-4 BENZYL CYANIDE 500 500 15271-41-7 BICYCLO[2.2.1]HEPTANE-2-CARBONITRILE,5- -
Benzyl Chlorid Final
Survey of benzyl chloride (CAS no. 100-44-7) Part of the LOUS-review [Series Title and year] Consultation draft Title: Editing: Survey of benzyl chloride (CAS no. 100-44-7) Pia Brunn Poulsen, FORCE Technology Maria Strandesen, FORCE Technology Anders Schmidt, FORCE Technology Published by: Photography: The Danish Environmental Protection Agency [Name] Strandgade 29 1401 Copenhagen K Denmark Illustration: www.mst.dk/english [Name] Year: Map: [xxxx] [Name] ISBN no. [xxxxxx] Disclaimer: When the occasion arises, the Danish Environmental Protection Agency will publish reports and papers concerning research and development projects within the environmental sector, financed by study grants provided by the Danish Environmental Protection Agency. It should be noted that such publications do not necessarily reflect the position or opinion of the Danish Environmental Protection Agency. However, publication does indicate that, in the opinion of the Danish Environmental Protection Agency, the content represents an important contribution to the debate surrounding Danish environmental policy. While the information provided in this report is believed to be accurate, The Danish Environmental Protection Agency disclaims any responsibility for possible inaccuracies or omissions and consequences that may flow from them. Neither the Danish Environmental Protection Agency nor FORCE Technology or any individual involved in the preparation of this publication shall be liable for any injury, loss, damage or prejudice of any kind that may be caused by persons who have acted based on their understanding of the information contained in this publication. Sources must be acknowledged. 2 Survey of benzyl chloride (CAS no. 100-44-7) Contents Preface ...................................................................................................................... 6 Summary and conclusions ......................................................................................... 8 Sammenfatning og konklusion ............................................................................... -
The Preparation of Certain Organic Chloroformates and Carbonates
Brigham Young University BYU ScholarsArchive Theses and Dissertations 1947-04-01 The preparation of certain organic chloroformates and carbonates Robert E. Brailsford Brigham Young University - Provo Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd BYU ScholarsArchive Citation Brailsford, Robert E., "The preparation of certain organic chloroformates and carbonates" (1947). Theses and Dissertations. 8175. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/8175 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. THE PREPARATI OH OF CERTAI N 0RG.1NIC CHLOROFORJ.'\Ll.TES AND CARBON T Thesis ubmitted to the Department of Chemistry Brigham Young University ~ .. ... "') .~ . ~ . "'). ... .. .. .. .. , ... .. ... : : ....: . ..-. ~ ..·.: : ..: ...• : ·.. ~ . : ,.. .~ : :. : ·: : ··.... ; ~ : ·. : : .: . : . : : : ••• .... •." •,.r_·: -••• ~ .... In Parti a l Fulfillment of the Re~uirements for the Degree Master of cienoe 147143 by Robert E. Brailsford .tipril 1947 This Thesis by Robert E. Brailsford is accepted in its present farm by the Department of Chemistry of Brigham Young University as satisfying the ·rhesis requirement for the degree of Master of Science. PREFACE flhile working for the Hooker Electrochemical Company of Niagara Falls , New York , from April 3 , 1943 , to January 30 , 1946 , the writer became interested in organic chloroformates and. carbonates , an interest instigated by requests from B. F . Goodrich Company for a number of samples . fter returning to Brigham Young University that preliminary interest was revived and the experi - mental work of this thesis was performed. under the direction of Dr . Charles ' . :Maw and Professor Joseph K. -
Ester Synthesis Lab (Student Handout)
Name: ________________________ Lab Partner: ____________________ Date: __________________________ Class Period: ____________________ Ester Synthesis Lab (Student Handout) Lab Report Components: The following must be included in your lab book in order to receive full credit. 1. Purpose 2. Hypothesis 3. Procedure 4. Observation/Data Table 5. Results 6. Mechanism (In class) 7. Conclusion Introduction The compounds you will be making are also naturally occurring compounds; the chemical structure of these compounds is already known from other investigations. Esters are organic molecules of the general form: where R1 and R2 are any carbon chain. Esters are unique in that they often have strong, pleasant odors. As such, they are often used in fragrances, and many artificial flavorings are in fact esters. Esters are produced by the reaction between alcohols and carboxylic acids. For example, reacting ethanol with acetic acid to give ethyl acetate is shown below. + → + In the case of ethyl acetate, R1 is a CH3 group and R2 is a CH3CH2 group. Naming esters systematically requires naming the functional groups on both sides of the bridging oxygen. In the example above, the right side of the ester as shown is a CH3CH2 1 group, or ethyl group. The left side is CH3C=O, or acetate. The name of the ester is therefore ethyl acetate. Deriving the names of the side from the carboxylic acid merely requires replacing the suffix –ic with –ate. Materials • Alcohol • Carboxylic Acid o 1 o A o 2 o B o 3 o C o 4 Observation Parameters: • Record the combination of carboxylic acid and alcohol • Observe each reactant • Observe each product Procedure 1. -
Benzyl Chloroformate (CHLOROFORMIC ACID, BENZYL ESTER)
Rev B Benzyl Chloroformate (CHLOROFORMIC ACID, BENZYL ESTER) C8H7O2Cl Molecular Weight = 170.6 CAS# 501‐53‐1 SPECIFICATIONS Assay: 98.% min. Color (APHA): 50 max. Benzyl Alcohol: 0.1% max. Hydrogen Chloride: 0.1% max. Benzyl Chloride: 1.5% max. Phosgene: 0.1% max. Dibenzyl Carbonate: 0.5% max. Iron: 1.5 PPM max. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Appearance: Clear liquid free of visible contaminants BP: Decomposes at elevated temperature Odor: Pungent Density: 1.195 ‐1.22 MP/Range: ‐30°C Flash Point: 126°C NOTICE: The technical information and suggestions for use made herein are based on VanDeMark’s research and experience and are believed to be reliable, but such information and suggestions do not constitute a warranty, and no patent liability can be assumed. This publication is not to be taken as a license to operate under or infringe on any patents. Since VanDeMark has no control over the conditions under which the product is transported, stored, handled, used or applied, buyer must determine for himself by preliminary tests or otherwise, the suitability of the product for his purposes. VanDeMark’s liability on any basis is limited to the price of the product used. The information in this bulletin supersedes all previously issued bulletins on the subject matter covered. VanDeMark Benzyl Chloroformate APPLICATIONS SPILLS AND DISPOSAL Benzyl Chloroformate is a reactive chemical intermediate Use personal protective equipment (see MSDS). used in the synthesis of pharmaceutical and agrochemical Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Dike far ahead of products. It is used as a reagent in peptide synthesis to liquid spill for later disposal. -
Benzyl Chloride
Right to Know Hazardous Substance Fact Sheet Common Name: BENZYL CHLORIDE Synonyms: Chloromethyl Benzene; alpha-Chlorotoluene CAS Number: 100-44-7 Chemical Name: Benzene, (Chloromethyl)- RTK Substance Number: 0217 Date: July 2002 Revision: November 2010 DOT Number: UN 1738 Description and Use EMERGENCY RESPONDERS >>>> SEE LAST PAGE Benzyl Chloride is a colorless liquid with a strong, irritating Hazard Summary odor that causes tearing of the eyes. It is used in making dyes, Hazard Rating NJDOH NFPA plasticizers, drugs, lubricants, resins and cosmetics. HEALTH - 3 FLAMMABILITY - 2 f ODOR THRESHOLD = 0.041 ppm REACTIVITY - 1 f Odor thresholds vary greatly. Do not rely on odor alone to determine potentially hazardous exposures. CARCINOGEN CORROSIVE POISONOUS GASES ARE PRODUCED IN FIRE CONTAINERS MAY EXPLODE IN FIRE Reasons for Citation Hazard Rating Key: 0=minimal; 1=slight; 2=moderate; 3=serious; 4=severe f Benzyl Chloride is on the Right to Know Hazardous Substance List because it is cited by OSHA, ACGIH, DOT, f Benzyl Chloride can affect you when inhaled and may be NIOSH, DEP, IARC, IRIS, NFPA and EPA. absorbed through the skin. f This chemical is on the Special Health Hazard Substance f Benzyl Chloride is a CARCINOGEN and MUTAGEN. List. HANDLE WITH EXTREME CAUTION. f Benzyl Chloride is a CORROSIVE CHEMICAL and contact can severely irritate and burn the skin and eyes with possible eye damage. SEE GLOSSARY ON PAGE 5. f Inhaling Benzyl Chloride can irritate the nose and throat. f Inhaling Benzyl Chloride can irritate the lungs. Higher FIRST AID exposures may cause a build-up of fluid in the lungs Eye Contact (pulmonary edema), a medical emergency. -
Safety Data Sheet
SAFETY DATA SHEET 1. Identification Product identifier 1-OCTEN-3-OL, (AMYL VINYL CARBINOL) FCC Other means of identification BRI Product Code 160 CAS number 3391-86-4 FEMA number 2805 Synonyms 1-Octen-3-ol * Matsutake alcohol * Mushroom Alcohol * Pentyl vinyl carbinol * Vinyl pentyl carbinol Recommended use flavors and fragrances For Manufacturing Use Only Recommended restrictions Not for use in Tobacco or Nicotine delivery device applications and/or products. Manufacturer/Importer/Supplier/Distributor information Manufacturer Company name Bedoukian Research Address 6 Commerce Drive Danbury, CT 06810 United States Telephone 1-203-830-4000 Website www.bedoukian.com E-mail [email protected] Contact person Joseph Bania Emergency phone number Chemtrec (North America) 1-800-424-9300 Chemtrec (International) 1-703-527-3887 2. Hazard(s) identification Physical hazards Flammable liquids Category 4 Health hazards Acute toxicity, oral Category 3 Acute toxicity, inhalation Category 4 Skin corrosion/irritation Category 2 Serious eye damage/eye irritation Category 2A Environmental hazards Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute Category 2 hazard Hazardous to the aquatic environment, Category 3 long-term hazard OSHA defined hazards Not classified. Label elements Signal word Danger Hazard statement Combustible liquid. Toxic if swallowed. Causes skin irritation. Causes serious eye irritation. Toxic to aquatic life. Harmful to aquatic life with long lasting effects. Harmful if inhaled. Precautionary statement Prevention Keep away from flames and hot surfaces-No smoking. Wash thoroughly after handling. Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product. Avoid release to the environment. Wear protective gloves/eye protection/face protection. Material name: 1-OCTEN-3-OL, (AMYL VINYL CARBINOL) FCC SDS US 160 Version #: 05 Revision date: 23-October-2018 Issue date: 25-May-2015 1 / 9 Response If swallowed: Immediately call a poison center/doctor. -
230 Subpart K—Indirect Discharge Point Sources
§ 414.110 40 CFR Ch. I (7±1±00 Edition) [52 FR 42568, Nov. 5, 1987, as amended at 58 PSES and PSNS 1 FR 36893, July 9, 1993] Maximum Effluent characteristics Maximum for any for any monthly Subpart KÐIndirect Discharge one day average Point Sources Acenaphthene ................................... 47 19 Anthracene ........................................ 47 19 SOURCE: 58 FR 36893, July 9, 1993, unless Benzene ............................................ 134 57 otherwise noted. Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate ................ 258 95 Carbon Tetrachloride ......................... 380 142 § 414.110 Applicability; description of Chlorobenzene .................................. 380 142 Chloroethane ..................................... 295 110 the subcategory of indirect dis- Chloroform ......................................... 325 111 charge point sources. Di-n-butyl phthalate ........................... 43 20 1,2-Dichlorobenzene .......................... 794 196 The provisions of this subpart are ap- 1,3-Dichlorobenzene .......................... 380 142 plicable to the process wastewater dis- 1,4-Dichlorobenzene .......................... 380 142 charges resulting from the manufac- 1,1-Dichloroethane ............................ 59 22 ture of the OCPSF products and prod- 1,2-Dichloroethane ............................ 574 180 1,1-Dichloroethylene .......................... 60 22 uct groups defined by § 414.11 from any 1,2-trans-Dichloroethylene ................. 66 25 indirect discharge point source. 1,2-Dichloropropane .........................