Grieg Wolf Strauss Grøndahl Lieder & Songs Mari Eriksmoen Alphonse Cemin Menu

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Grieg Wolf Strauss Grøndahl Lieder & Songs Mari Eriksmoen Alphonse Cemin Menu GRIEG WOLF STRAUSS GRØNDAHL LIEDER & SONGS MARI ERIKSMOEN ALPHONSE CEMIN MENU › TRACKLIST › TEXTE FRANÇAIS › ENGLISH TEXT › DEUTSCHER TEXT › TEXTES CHANTÉS › SUNG TEXTS › GESUNGENE TEXTE 2 GRIEG WOLF STRAUSS GRØNDAHL LIEDER & SONGS EDVARD GRIEG (1843-1907) 1 MENS JEG VENTER 2'34 2 DEN HVIDE, RØDE ROSE 2'17 3 JEG GIVER MITT DIKT TIL VÅREN 1'35 4 EN FUGLEVISE 2'34 5 TO BRUNE ØYNE JEG NYLIG SÅ, OP. 5 1'04 HUGO WOLF (1860-1903) 6 AUCH KLEINE DINGE KÖNNEN UNS ENTZÜCKEN 2'23 7 MIR WARD GESAGT, DU REISEST IN DIE FERNE 2'00 8 DU DENKST MIT EINEM FÄDCHEN MICH ZUFANGEN 1'12 9 NEIN, JUNGER HERR! 0'49 10 ICH HAB IN PENNA EINEN LIEBSTEN WOHNEN 1'01 11 MAUSFALLENSPRÜCHLEIN 1'16 12 DIE SPRÖDE 2'05 13 DIE BEKEHRTE 2'35 14 ER IST’S 1'35 › MENU RICHARD STRAUSS (1864-1949) 15 HERR LENZ 1'23 DREI LIEDER DER OPHELIA OP.67 16 WIE ERKENN ICH MEIN TREULIEB VOR ANDERN NUN? 2'53 17 GUTEN MORGEN, 'S IST SANKT VALENTINSTAG 1'22 18 SIE TRUGEN IHN AUF DER BAHRE BLOß 3'37 19 ICH SCHWEBE WIE AUF ENGELSSCHWINGEN 2'11 AGATHE BACKER-GRØNDAHL (1847-1907) 20 EN KVIDDRENDE LAERKE, OP. 42 NO 1 2'14 21 VAARMORGEN I SKOGEN, OP. 42 NO 2 1'56 22 BLOMSTERSANKING, OP. 42 NO 4 0'57 23 MOT KVELD, OP. 42 NO 7 2'14 24 SOV SAA STILLE, OP. 42 NO 8 3'12 TOTAL TIME: 47'12 MARI ERIKSMOEN SOPRANO ALPHONSE CEMIN PIANO › MENU À L’HORIZON DU ROMANTISME Du temps d’Edvard Grieg (1843-1907), la Norvège est une nation nouvelle, certes encore sous la dépendance du roi de Suède, pays auquel elle est rattachée. Aussi les Norvégiens – et à plus forte raison les poètes – ressentent-ils la nécessité de se forger une identité culturelle indépendante. La romance norvégienne éclot dans ce contexte, comme un équivalent scandinave du lied romantique allemand, intime fusion entre musique et poésie. Le premier compositeur à s’illustrer dans cet art est Halfdan Kjerulf (1815-1868), auteur d’environ cent vingt-cinq mélodies composées dans les années 1850-1860, dont un quart l’est sur des poèmes allemands. En outre, de nombreux compositeurs norvégiens étudient en Allemagne. Ils en adoptent pour un temps le style musical ou composent sur des textes issus de sa tradition littéraire. Grieg entre à 15 ans au Conservatoire de Leipzig, et Agathe Backer-Grøndahl, dans les années 1860-1870, étudie à Berlin puis auprès de Franz Liszt et Hans von Bülow, l’éminent chef d’orchestre dirigeant la création de Tristan und Isolde de Wagner. L’enjeu, cependant, est de dépasser l’héritage germanique, dans la production d’une musique spécifiquement norvégienne. Puisant notamment dans le folklore national, les compositeurs empruntent aux chansons populaires formes, strophes ou rythmes, comme en témoignent ici le retour du refrain « Bro, bro brille » de Mens jeg venter ou la forme strophique de Den hvite, røde rose de Grieg. Des poètes contemporains tels que Vilhelm Krag ou Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson, se revendiquant néo-romantiques (nyromantikken), fournissent également une manne abondante. Leur poésie se caractérise entre autres par le retour à un lyrisme délesté de questionnements socio-politiques, célébrant simplement la subjectivité, son imagination, son rapport à la nature. Une évolution dynamique se perçoit dès lors entre, d’une part, un romantisme national, à vocation identitaire et politique, et, d’autre part, un romantisme « idéaliste ». La trajectoire poétique d’Ibsen 6 en témoigne : En fuglevise, l’un de ses poèmes mis en musique par Grieg, date du début de la décennie 1870, lorsque le dramaturge commence à se distancier des épopées nationales (telles que FRANÇAIS Les Prétendants à la couronne ou Peer Gynt) pour, à la fin des années 1880, se focaliser davantage sur les abîmes de la psyché et des personnages empreints d’idéaux, à l’instar du Dr Stockmann d’Un ennemi du peuple ou du héros de Rosmersholm. Ibsen, Krag, Bjørnson… autant de poètes majeurs que Grieg met en musique, portant la romance norvégienne à son faîte, à la suite de Kjerulf. En effet, après sa formation, Grieg s’oppose à l’hégémonie musicale allemande et œuvre à la constitution d’un répertoire national. Il est ainsi le premier à donner des concerts dont les programmes sont exclusivement norvégiens, fonde l’Académie norvégienne de musique en 1867 et, en 1898, dirige le premier Festival de musique norvégienne à Bergen. Parallèlement à cette activité, Grieg est l’auteur de plus de cent cinquante mélodies, sur des textes allemands, danois et, surtout, norvégiens. Ses compositions témoignent d’un grand souci du texte littéraire et de la prosodie. Le piano ne prend jamais le pas sur le chant. Créateur des atmosphères ou émotions qui se dégagent du texte, il est l’écrin dans lequel brille la voix comme un bijou – citons à titre d’exemple les harmonies changeantes de Jeg giver mitt dikt til våren et To brune øyne, ou le dialogue qui s’instaure entre piano et chant dans En fuglevise. C’est que Grieg compose pour Nina Hagerup, avec qui il se marie en 1864, soucieux de célébrer son chant, qu’il associe dans les mélodies citées à celui du rossignol. Au tournant du siècle, Grieg est suivi par d’autres compositeurs, tels que Christian Sinding (1856-1941), Sigurd Lie (1871-1904) ou Per Winge (1858-1935) ; et, parmi ses contemporains, c’est Agathe Backer-Grøndahl (1847-1907) qui se distingue. Compositrice norvégienne la plus importante de la fin du XIXe siècle, la romance constitue une part remarquable de son répertoire, riche de près 7 de deux cents mélodies. Agathe Backer compose depuis son plus jeune âge. À 10 ans, lorsque sa famille déménage à Christiania (actuelle Oslo), elle suit des leçons de piano dispensées par Halfdan Kjerulf, avant d’entreprendre divers voyages en Europe – notamment en Europe centrale. Ses romances sont le plus souvent stylistiquement proches du lied romantique allemand, bien que sur des textes norvégiens, sans que l’influence du folklore y soit particulièrement notable. La dynamique précédemment relevée entre un romantisme national et un romantisme sentimental s’équilibre donc chez elle au profit du second. Les mélodies d’Agathe Backer-Grøndahl proposées ici proviennent toutes du cycle Barnets vårdag, un classique du répertoire norvégien, sur des poèmes d’Andreas Jynge. Connue par ses contemporains comme pianiste virtuose, Agathe Backer-Grøndahl livre ici des mélodies ciselées, reflétant les sentiments dépeints par le poème. Tandis que Grieg et ses contemporains travaillent au dépassement du modèle allemand dans une perspective nationale, Hugo Wolf (1860-1903), en grand admirateur de Wagner, repense le lied hérité de Schubert à l’aune du genre lyrique. Pour son Italienisches Liederbuch, il emprunte à la poésie populaire italienne des œuvres anonymes dont il met en musique les traductions allemandes de Paul Heyse, sans « couleur locale » et où le piano joue un rôle à part entière. Après un bref prélude, le rideau se lève sur Auch kleine Dinge können uns entzücken et sa méditation charmante, paisible, sur les « petites choses ». S’ensuivent des lieder qui s’apparentent à des airs d’opéras Mir ward gesagt, du reisest in die Ferne, Du denkst, mit einem Fädchen mich zu fangen) ou mettent en scène des types amoureux – des amants qui se font congédier dans Du denkst… et Nein, junger Herr! ou un donjuanesque « je » lyrique qui se félicite de toutes ses conquêtes dans Ich hab’ in Penna einen Liebsten wohnen. 8 Contemporain de Hugo Wolf, Richard Strauss (1864-1949) est l’auteur de plus de deux cents lieder. Ceux-ci se caractérisent par des harmonies enchanteresses et des modulations délicates FRANÇAIS qui, alliées à une grande maîtrise de la prosodie, produisent quelques chefs-d’œuvre vocaux exerçant une grande séduction chez l’auditeur. Si Wolf convoque la poésie italienne, c’est vers Shakespeare que Strauss se tourne pour composer les trois premiers lieder de son opus 67, tirés de la scène de folie d’Ophélie dans Hamlet. Guten Morgen,’s ist Sankt Valentinstag, le mouvementé lied central de l’ensemble, y est encadré par deux sombres chants. Dans Wie erkenn’ich mein Treulieb?, la répétition au piano d’une même cellule lancinante produit un décor fantomatique, dans lequel semble finalement disparaître l’interprète. Plus tard, dans Sie trugen ihn auf der Bahre bloß, à l’oraison funèbre succède un rythme de danse hallucinée. Quels horizons s’ouvrent donc pour ceux qui composent dans un contexte de création des identités nationales ? Qu’écrit-on après l’établissement du lied comme forme d’expression musicale achevée ? Les compositeurs de notre programme répondent à ces questions en ayant recours à un folklore national redécouvert, à une poésie contemporaine assumant pleinement son lyrisme, voire en empruntant à d’autres littératures européennes leurs œuvres passées – produisant ainsi trouvailles charmantes, créations pleines de fraîcheur et de vivacité. Au-delà de la musique, ils nous invitent aussi à adopter une vision dynamique de l’histoire des arts. Souvenons-nous d’Edvard Grieg et Agathe Backer-Grøndahl perfectionnant leur art par des voyages en Europe : leur nationalisme est cosmopolite. Antonio Cuenca Ruiz 9 MARI ERIKSMOEN 2007/10 ÉTUDES À L’ACADÉMIE DE MUSIQUE DE NORVÈGE, AU CONSERVATOIRE NATIONAL SUPÉRIEUR DE PARIS ET À L’ACADÉMIE ROYALE D’OPÉRA DU DANEMARK À COPENHAGUE 2008 FINALISTE AU CONCOURS HANS GABOR DU BELVÉDÈRE À VIENNE 2009 PARTICIPE À L’ACADÉMIE DU FESTIVAL D’AIX ET EST NOMMÉE LAURÉATE HSBC 2010 FAIT SES DÉBUTS AU THEATER AN DER WIEN EN CHANTANT ZERBINETTA (ARIADNE AUF NAXOS, STRAUSS) 2010/15 TRAVAILLE AVEC DES CHEFS COMME DANIEL BARENBOIM, IVOR BOLTON, BERTRAND DE BILLY, DANIEL HARDING, NIKOLAUS HARNONCOURT, PABLO HERAS-CASADO,
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