A Practical Guide to Game Cover

A PRACTICAL GUIDE TO GAME COVER, ENVIRONMENTAL, GREEN MANURE 2017 AND FORAGE SEEDS Welcome 02 YOUR COUNTRYSIDE 2017 NEW FOR Contents 2017 A warm welcome to all who regularly receive our catalogue and those who are reading it for the first time. NEW UPDATES 2016 was a much later season for establishment and growth, but with a kinder harvest for most. Chemical Charts 8 & 9 Cover crops have also excelled, with the extended warmer autumn giving them opportunity to produce larger Forage Maize 10 quantities of biomas. StewardshipNEW Selector 22 RECIPE British Farmers are passionate about providing a huge The vote to leave the European Union in June RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT NEW VARIETIES, MIXTURES variety of British food for us all to enjoy but farming is created uncertainty for existing agri-environmental All the species marketed by DLF Seeds Ltd. are trialled at our & PRODUCT2017 AVAILABILITY about much more than growing great food. Farmers agreements but with the clarity that existing Gloucestershire site and in consultation with many of our customers Mixed NEW HERB MIXTURE 24 take their role as countryside managers seriously – agreements (ELS, HLS and CS) will be honoured in full. we trial and evaluate many different types of products and mixture Herbs one of the reasons why 80% of England’s landscape We are delighted to read that Countryside Stewardship prescriptions. We believe this is the most important part of the Fallow character is now in an improving condition after the Scheme application numbers are much higher than process as we procure seed from all around the world, so testing and Mixtures NEW FALLOW MIXTURE 24 introduction of Environmental Stewardship Schemes last year. The CSS payments seem to be better than evaluating performance under UK conditions is vital. Our customers 13, 34 some 16 years ago. Therefore it is pleasing that the ELS & HLS schemes as the options are more Avalon NEW LEAFY TURNIP may rest assured that they are dealing with a forward thinking VARIETY & 42 those farmers who currently farm with environmental diverse and have the flexibility for farmers to include or company which invests heavily in R&D majoring in forage crops but FODDER BEET VARIETY measures already in place will not be penalised and exclude individual parcels of land. This is very helpful also focusing on many other crop species. Our Product, Species and Alpes 36 can continue until their scheme expires. Those with as it also includes existing ELS & HLS habitats in the Mixture of the year have been carefully selected using customer Bangor FODDER BEET VARIETY 36 less sustainable systems will be encouraged to do new scheme. With the increasing pressure for agri- feedback. more with the Countryside Stewardship Scheme environment schemes to deliver greater benefits and Kyros FODDER BEET VARIETY 36 (CSS). This scheme is an important tool in enabling for farmland to provide more food and energy, the new Our main goal is to ensure that our customers receive the best Nestor FODDER BEET VARIETY 36 farmers to continue their good work to maintain and CSS, is designed to be far more focused and targeted, possible product portfolio we can supply and the Your Countryside Troya FODDER BEET VARIETY 36 enhance biodiversity, water and soils. with a strong focus on wild pollinator and farm wildlife catalogue continues to offer valuable technical information and packages to help deliver these greater benefits. This advice on a diverse range of game cover, environmental stewardship Rocket NEW BRASSICA VARIETY 42 makes it an attractive option for farmers. mixtures, root crops and cover crops products. Lettuce

WE WORK CLOSELY WITH: We gratefully acknowledge the contribution of Promoting the restoration of wild Natural England, RSPB, Campaign for plants and habitats for biodiversity, photographs from the MGA, Sue Adlard, Chris the Farmed Environment, Game and landscapes and people Baylis, Lorna Checketts, Hannah Morgan, Mark Wildlife Conservation Trust, Bumblebee www.floralocale.org Howard, Katie Moorhouse, Tim Marlow and past Conservation Trust and Floral Locale. and present members of staff. Welcome 03 YOUR COUNTRYSIDE 2017 NEW FOR Contents 2017

GAME COVER CROPS ENVIRONMENTAL FORAGE CROPS GREEN MANURING Game Cover Selector 4 Environmental Stewardship Selector 22 Forage Crops Selector 33 Green Manuring 40 Establishing Game Cover Crops 6 Wild Bird Seed Mixtures 23 Turnips 34 Green Manuring Mixtures 41 Buffer Strip Mixtures 24 Pests & Diseases in Forage Rape 35 Green Manuring Crops 42 NEW Herbal Mixtures 24 Brassicas and Maize 7 Fodder Beet 36 Green Manuring Selector 43 RECIPE Fallow Mixtures 24 Game Cover Chemicals 8 Solar Mixtures 25 Swedes 37 2017 Maize Herbicides 9 Nectar Rich Mixtures 25 Kale 38 Forage Maize 10 Basic Payment Scheme England 26 Root Mixtures & Arable Silage 39 Game Maize 11 Basic Guide to EFA's with Mixture options England 27 Kale 12 TAND TAND TAND Countryside Stewardship - England 28 TS IN TS IN TS IN U G U G U G O O O Brassicas 13 Glastir Welsh Environmental Scheme 29 ★ ★ ★ ★ 2016 ★ 2016 ★ 2016 Sorghums 14 Scottish Rural Development Programme 30 PRODUCT MIXTURE VARIETY Basic Payment Scheme - Scotland 31 OF THE YEAR OF THE YEAR OF THE YEAR Millets 15 Game Cover Crops 16 BIOGAS Game Cover Mixtures 19 Biogas Crops 32

WBS 2 LEGUME & HERB RICH ENERMAX WILD BIRD SEED MIXTURE MIXTURE FODDER BEET COVER FEED NECTAR LIFTING CATTLE SHEEP CULINARY See page 23 See page 24 See page 36

ICON GUIDE GRAZING GRAZING USE

Any information provided in this catalogue is given in good faith and to the best of our existing knowledge. Any advice should therefore be taken as a general guide only and not relied upon for all conditions and DISCLAIMER circumstances. We cannot accept any legal liability for information given in this guide. In any instance where there are shortages of specified varieties we reserve the right to substitute equivalent varieties. GAME COVER CROPS 04 Reed Canary Grass (Phalarisarundinacea) Reed Canary Grass (Phalarisaquatica) Canary Millets Over n’UnderSorghum Mixture &DwarfSorghum -Intermediate Giant Sorghum Millets /Grasses Zoom Mixture Spitfire Forage Rape Texsel Greens Leafy TurnipAvalon Surefire KaleBlend Kale Brassicas Maize Crop Maize Game Cover Selector Game Cover 3&2 5kg 13 &21 Page No. 82.5kg 18 21kg 12 11 82.5kg 10kg 10kg 18 10kg 15 10kg 14 14 14 5kg&25kg 13 10kg&25kg 2kg 13 10kg&25kg 13 2kg 13 12 40,000/ 50,000 Pack Size seeds Feed Crop ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Cover / Cover Nectar racs Drill Broadcast vrg Swn Rate Sowing Average .k . k pi ueSpebr-Mrh1-2r1-2 1-2yr September-March April -June 3.5-5kg 5 -7.5kg .k . k pi ueSpebr-Mrh1-2r1-2 1-2yr September-March 6kg April-June 3-6kg 5 -7.5kg 3.5-5kg 5 -7.5kg 5 -7.5kg 0g6kg 6 -10kg 12kg 10kg 10kg per Hectare 123,500 seeds/ha Precision drill 111,150 - 0-2k a ueSpebr-Fbur esn25-44 0105 120 50 100 45-50 2.5-4 1 Season September -February May-June 20 -25kg 2gArl-Jn etme eebr1Sao . 54 03 30 30 120 60 120 50 50 35-45 100 100 45-50 1-1.5 45-50 2.5-4 1Season 2.5-4 September -December 1Season 1Season April-June September -February September -February May-June 12kg May-June 20kg 30kg 6kg 6kg 6kg 6kg Sowing Date Spring / Autumn Spring April - August April Spring /Early May -endof May -endof pi ueSpebr-Fbur esn6 1Season September-February April -June April -June April -June September September Guide Autumn Utilisation Period uun/EryWne esn1-2Vros105 55 55 110 Various 1-2 1Season Autumn /Early Winter etme aur esn1-2Vros105 55 55 110 Various 1-2 1Season September -January etme ac esn1-2Vros105 55 55 110 Various 1-2 1Season September -March uy-Dcme esn1-251 02 040 40 40 40 20 20 15-20 15-20 1-2.5 1-2.5 1Season 1Season July -December July -December All Year All Year Duration 5 Years+ 5 Years+ of the Crop general guidance only. Weather, local conditions and These tables are given in good faith and intended for for intended and faith good in given are tables These crop rotations must always be taken into account. account. into taken be always must rotations crop Average Depth Drill cm . 0-9 52 28 28 55 70-90 1.5 . 0-9 52 28 28 55 70-90 1.5 Average DISCLAIMER Width Row cm 58 5205 85 80 75 0105 120 50 100 50 0105 120 50 100 50 Suggested Guideto Seedbed Fertiliser K P N (kg) ha Crop Sunflowers Quinoa Kwik Fix Late Cover Mixture Boost Mixture StarGameMixture Northern Feed andCover Mixture Shot Northern Partridge Mixture Overdrive Decoy GameMixture Traditional GameCover Mixture Sundown Mixture Four TenMixture Deer LawnMixture General PurposeRearingPenMixture Mixtures Game Cover Yellow BlossomClover Perennial Chicory Linseed Fodder Radish Brown Mustard White Mustard Buckwheat Phacelia Gold ofPleasure (Camelina) Borage Triticale Game Cover Crops Game Cover Dwarf Standard Page No. 610kg 16 16 16 21 20kg 21 25kg 21 20kg 20 25kg 20 2.5kg 20 10kg 20 10kg 20 13kg 19 14kg 19 15kg 19 15kg 19 18 18 25kg 18 18 10kg&25kg 17 17 10kg&25kg 17 10kg&25kg 17 2kg&5kg 17 17 25kg 17 16 16 Pack Size 2kg 5kg 5kg 5kg 5kg 2kg 2kg 5kg 5kg 5kg Feed Crop ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Cover / Cover Nectar ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ racs Drill Broadcast vrg Swn Rate Sowing Average 7.5 -10kg 2-3k 32kg+ 32 -37kg 2-1k 6-12kg 12 -17kg .k 2.5-7.5kg 5 -7.5kg 15kg+ 15kg+ 37kg+ 37kg+ 50kg+ 12kg+ 12kg+ 5kg+ 6kg+ 6kg+ 6kg+ 5kg+ 50kg 20kg 25kg 8kg per Hectare 0-6k pigSpebr-Fbur esn1-251 67 040 40 75 12-16 1-2.5 2Season September-February Spring 50 -60kg 125kg 2gArl-Jn etme eray1Sao 5-106 60 60 75-100 5-6 40kg 1Season 62kg September-February April-June 32kg 35kg 60kg 2gArl-Jn uy-Nvme esn4 1Season July-November April-June 12kg 2gArl-Jn uy-Nvme esn4 1Season July-November April-June 12kg 12kg 12kg B/C 50kg 1Season September-February April-June 20kg 25kg 50kg 12kg 2gApril-June 12kg 5kg k ue-SpebrSpebr-Fbur esn1-24 0105 50 50 100 45-50 1-2 1Season September-February June-September 6kg 6kg 6kg 6kg 5kg Sowing Date Spring - Autumn Spring - Autumn Spring Spring / Autumn Spring Spring / Autumn Spring / Autumn Spring Spring / Autumn Spring / Autumn Spring Spring orEarly April - August April July -Endof pi ueSpebr-Dcme esn1.5 1Season September-December April -June pi ueSpebr-Fbur 1-2yr September-February April -June April -June September 65 75 40 8-18 1 -2 1Season September-February April -May pi a uut-Dcme esn1-252 53 0 210 105 35 20-35 1-2.5 1Season 1 August-December 1Season April -May September-December April -May Guide Autumn pigSpebr-Fbur esn1-251 63 575 75 75 30 75 12-16 30 1-2.5 12-16 1Season 1-2.5 September-February 1Season September -February Spring 6 Spring 1Season September-February Spring pigSpebr-Fbur esn25-31 53 37 37 75 15 96 40 2.5-3 80 1Season 15 -25 September -February 1-2 Spring 1Season September-February Spring Utilisation Period etme eebr1Sao 1-2 1Season September -December etme eray1Sao 0-3 52 28 28 55 20-35 1-2 1Season September -February uut-Dcme esn1-2520-35 1-2.5 1Season August -December uut-Fbur esn251 61500 0 125 12-16 2.5 1Season August -February uy-Dcme esn1-252 04 520 15 40 25-30 1-2.5 1Season July -December uun/Srn esn1-2520-35 1-2.5 1Season Autumn /Spring uy-Otbr1Sao Various 1-2 1Season July -October Autumn All Year All Year All Year All Year Duration esn1-215-20 1-2 1 Season of the Crop 1 -2yr 5yr+ 5yr+ 5yr+ Average Depth Drill cm . 5-5 0 0120 50 100 45-50 2.5 0.5 15-20 1 15-20 1 5-2 0 0120 50 100 15-20 1 Average Width Row 84 565 75 40 8 -18 cm / 04 96 40 80 B/C 5159 220 90 185 75 75 28 40 5105 120 50 100 45 53 0 0 30 75 Suggested Guideto Seedbed Fertiliser K P N with excess fertiliser Lodging canoccur P but very littleN P butvery P but very littleN P butvery Ensure adequate Ensure adequate (kg) ha Suggested Guide to Cover / Average Sowing Rate Average Average Nectar Duration Seedbed Fertiliser Page Feed Crop per Hectare Sowing Date Drill Row Crop Pack Size Utilisation Period of the (kg) ha No. Guide Depth Width Crop Broadcast Drill cm cm NPK

Game Cover Crops Ensure adequate 16 10kg ✓ ✓ ✓ 12kg April - June July - November 1 Season 4 75 Standard P but very little N Sunflowers Ensure adequate 16 5kg ✓ ✓ ✓ 12kg April - June July - November 1 Season 4 28 Dwarf P but very little N Game Cover Selector Quinoa 16 2kg ✓ ✓ 5kg+ 5kg April - June September - December 1 Season 1.5 45 100 50 120 Triticale 16 25kg ✓ ✓ 125kg Spring / Autumn August - February 1 Season 2.5 12 - 16 125 0 0 Borage 16 5kg ✓ ✓ 12kg+ 12kg April - June Autumn 1 Season 1 - 2 15 - 20 Gold of Pleasure (Camelina) 17 5kg ✓ ✓ 12kg+ 12kg April - May September - December 1 Season 1 8 - 18 40 75 65 Phacelia 17 2kg & 5kg ✓ ✓ 7.5 - 10kg April - August July - October 1 Season 1 - 2 Various Buckwheat 17 10kg & 25kg ✓ ✓ ✓ 50kg+ 50kg April - May August - December 1 Season 1 - 2.5 20 - 35 35 105 210 White Mustard 17 10kg & 25kg ✓ 12 - 17kg 6 - 12kg Spring - Autumn August - December 1 Season 1 - 2.5 20 - 35 Brown Mustard 17 5kg ✓ 5 - 7.5kg 2.5 - 7.5kg Spring - Autumn Autumn / Spring 1 Season 1 - 2.5 20 - 35 Fodder Radish 17 10kg & 25kg ✓ ✓ ✓ 8kg 6kg Spring / Autumn July - December 1 Season 1 - 2.5 25 - 30 40 15 20 Linseed 17 25kg ✓ ✓ ✓ 60kg April - May September - February 1 Season 1 - 2 8 - 18 40 75 65 Spring or Early 18 2kg ✓ ✓ 5kg+ 5kg All Year 5yr+ 1 15 - 20 100 50 120 Perennial Chicory Autumn Yellow Blossom Clover 18 2kg ✓ ✓ 6kg+ 6kg April - June All Year 1 - 2yr 0.5 75 30 0 0 Game Cover Mixtures General Purpose Rearing Pen Mixture 18 15kg ✓ 32 - 37kg 32kg+ Spring / Autumn All Year 5yr+ 1 15 - 20 Deer Lawn Mixture 18 15kg 37kg+ 37kg+ Spring / Autumn All Year 5yr+ 1 15 - 20 Four Ten Mixture 19 14kg ✓ ✓ 35kg Spring September - February 1 Season 6 75 185 90 220 Sundown Mixture 19 13kg ✓ ✓ ✓ 32kg April - June September - February 1 Season 5 - 6 75 - 100 60 60 Traditional Game Cover Mixture 19 10kg ✓ ✓ ✓ 25kg 25kg April - June September - February 1 Season B/C B/C 80 40 96 Decoy Game Mixture 19 10kg ✓ ✓ ✓ 20kg 20kg Spring September - February 1 Season 1 - 2 15 - 25 80 40 96 Overdrive 20 2.5kg ✓ ✓ 6kg+ 6kg April - June September - February 1 - 2yr 2.5 45 - 50 100 50 120 Partridge Mixture 20 25kg ✓ ✓ 62kg Spring September - February 1 Season 1 - 2.5 12 - 16 30 75 75 Northern Shot 20 20kg ✓ ✓ ✓ 50 - 60kg Spring September - February 2 Season 1 - 2.5 12 - 16 75 40 40 Feed and Cover Mixture 20 25kg ✓ ✓ ✓ 40kg Spring September - February 1 Season 1 - 2.5 12 - 16 30 75 75 Northern Star Game Mixture 20 20kg ✓ ✓ ✓ 50kg 50kg Spring September - February 1 Season 2.5 - 3 15 75 37 37 Boost Mixture 21 5kg ✓ 6kg+ 6kg June - September September - February 1 Season 1 - 2 45 - 50 100 50 50 Late Cover Mixture 21 5kg ✓ 15kg+ 12kg Spring / Autumn September - February 1 Season 1 - 2 20 - 35 55 28 28 July - End of Lodging can occur 21 5kg ✓ 15kg+ 12kg September - December 1 Season 1 - 2 40 Kwik Fix September with excess fertiliser GAME COVER CROPS 06 particular farm/situation. particular farm/situation. contact your local seed specialist, who will be able to give advice for your own advantage of local knowledge. If you would like please more detailed information soil conditionshave notbeentaken intoconsideration asitispreferable totake you tothesuccessfulestablishmentofgamecover crops. Any regional orparticular and the overall environment. It is hoped the following notes will help and guide landowners andthelocalcommunity, asitcontributespositivelytothecountryside from thestart. A successfully managedshootisbothprofitableand rewarding to Game cover cropswillonlyreach theirfullpotentialiftheyare wellmanagedright Establishing Game Cover Crops Establishing GameCover encourage aquick successfulgermination. too earlytoensure thesoiltemperature iswarm enoughto growing seasoniscompletelydifferent, nottosow buttry will alsoimprove bird holdinganddrivingcapability. Each a speedy establishment.Sowing atthecorrect row width provide maximumseedtosoilcontactthatwillencourage This ensures accurate seeddepthandrow widthandwill Where possiblewerecommend drillinggamecover crops. SOWING help reduce theriskofslugactivity. start to for these crops. Ensure the seed bed is fine and firm moisture istheideal and rapid consolidationtoconserve more chance ofresisting pestattack. Generally, ploughing development, asarapidly growinggamecover crophas A wellprepared seedbedisessentialforcrophealthand CULTIVATIONS or diseasehave becomeapersistentproblem. trace elements. Crop rotation is essential where weeds and/ benefit thesoilindifferent ways, each requiring different help toimprove soilfertilityandstructure aseach cropcan such asclubrootinbrassicas. A rotationalsystemwillalso Rotations are diseases essentialtohelpreduce soil-borne CROP ROTATION (For chemical weedcontrolseetablesonpages8and9). mixtures are grown and noherbicide can be recommended. a cleanseedbed. usefulwhere This technique isvery to helpachieve this canberepeated asoftennecessary inafirstflush,weed seedstogerminate then re-spraying; involves spraying, ploughingandcultivating toencourage system and allows early control of weeds. The technique The staleseedbedtechnique isawellproven weedcontrol WEED CONTROL required for someacidsoilstobalancethesoilpH. maximize theoutputofyourgamecover crop. Limemaybe will alsoberequired attheearlystagesofestablishmentto way ofimproving soilstructure andaddingfertility. Fertiliser manuremaximize itspotential.Farmyard isanexcellent of thesoil, which canthenbemanagedaccordingly to thesoilpHandfertility Soil testingisessentialtodetermine SOIL TESTS &FERTILISER Pests & DiseasesinBrassicas&Maize Establishing Game Cover Crops Establishing GameCover crop throughcriticalgrowth stagestominimizeattack. leaves. Increasing soil fertility and structure helps speed the required immediately if ‘shot holes’are seenintheyoung of fleabeetle. Chemicalinsecticidetreatment willbe linseed are vulnerable inhotweatherconditionstoattacks Brassicas (kale, rape, turnips, texsel greens, jonty)and FLEA BEETLEMANAGEMENT PESTS Pests & DiseasesinBrassicas&Maize N.B. N.B. reduced. effectiveness ofthechemical againstfleabeetlewillbe and wildlife. Also ifleftonthesurfaceofsoil not broadcastasitcanbetoxictopeople Flea Beetletreated seedshouldbedrilled Flea Beetle available, damage tomaizecrops. canhelpreduce corvid from thesepests.Mesurolseedtreatment, whilststill action needstobetaken quickly toprevent furtherattacks cover cropsneedtobechecked regularly andrelevant slugs, rabbits, hares, deer, badgersandcaterpillars.Game trees attractive and therefore to crows, is very pigeons, Game cover isoftensown inthespringneartowoods and OTHER PESTS CORN BORER EUROPEAN FRIT FLY WIREWORM (Western CornRootworm) BEETLE DIABROTICA For see morepestinformation www.hgca.com/pests (Fusarium spp) STALK ROT (Puccinia sorghi) RUST zeae) (Kabatiella EYE SPOT maydis) (Ustilago MAIZE SMUT DISEASES INMAIZE the disease. crops (atleastfouryears) are thebestmethodstomanage drainage andmaintaininglongrotationsbetweenbrassica attack. Increasing soilpHthroughliming, ensuring good in the autumn when the soil is cooler reduces the risk of and wiltcausingsevere stuntingofgrowth.Sowing crops of water andnutrientstotheplant;leaves becomeyellow club rootare swollen anddistortedthusreducing theflow soil, isvirtuallyimpossibletoeradicate. Rootsaffectedby difficult tocontrol and once present in the plants. It is very Club Rootisaseriousandwidespread diseaseofbrassica (Plasmodiophora brassicae) CLUB ROOT DISEASES INBRASSICAS (page 17&42) Fodder Radish(page 42) Daikon Radish(page 12&38) Kale(page Sovereign 12) Goldeneye Kale(page See ourclub roottolerant species: 07

GAME COVER CROPS GAME COVER CROPS 08 Canary Grass Canary Chicory Giant Sorghum Millet Red Kale (red +whitemix) Ambush MilletMix Millet White Mustard Quinoa Fodder Radish Sunflowers Swede Clover Yellow Blossom Texel Greens Stubble Turnip Game Cover Chemicals Game Cover SEEDBED STALE Roundup Biactive Note: isbasedonlyon limiteddatasoshouldbeusedwithcaution. EAMUsandLTAEUThis isnotacomplete listofproductswhich canbeusedonthese'crops'.In somecasesinformation off-labelusesare atGROWERS OWNRISK

Butisan S 1.5l/ha DISCLAIMER: Agrovista & DLF cannotacceptanyresponsibility forany loss, inthe report. Use Pesticidessafelyandalways damageoraccident arising fromtheuseofinformation follow manufacturers guidelines. a max 2 Crystal (Autumn Application) PRE-EMERGENCE HERBICIDESONLY a . a . Autumn max1.7 max 0.1

Gamit 36CS max 1.7 max 1.7

Kerb Flo max 1.5 Autumn Autumn Autumn Novall 2.5L/ha (Autumn Use) #1 Radish Markate 50 EAMU 20080204 #2 Swede & turnip Markate 50EAMU20102911#3Canremain inplantresidue#1 RadishMarkate50 EAMU20080204#2Swede&turnip andaffect following crops Springkoc 2.5 Autumn Only max 2.2 max 2.2 max 2.2 max 2.2 max 2.9

Stomp Aqua

Agroxone

Aramo

Axial

Basagran

Butisan S low rate low low rate low rate low rate low low rate low low rate low

Butryflow max 0.8 max 0.8

Capture max 0.25 max 0.25

Dow Shield 400

Fusilade Max

Galera POST-EMERGENCE HERBICIDES

Laser max 20g max 6g max 6g max 6g a gmax1.7 max 6g Jubilee SX max 1.7

Kerb Flo supplied by Agrovista UKLtd supplied byAgrovista The chartbelowwaskindly Lentagran WP

Mircam Plus

Nortron Flo

Peak max 0.75 OK to apply butsometransientcropeffectsmightbeobserved OK toapply butsometransientcropeffectsmightbeobserved OK toapply butsometransientcropeffectsmightbeobserved OK toapply Starane 2

Starane XL No information available No information Autumn Autumn Yes whenestablished From 2-3leafstage From 3leafstage

Springkok 2.5 No donotuse Yes oktouse KEY LTAEU EAMU a . #3 max 2.9 max 2.9 max 2.2 max 2.9 max 2.2

Stomp Aqua #3 Thislex INSECTICIDE #2 #2 #1 Markate 50 Maize Herbicides Game Cover Chemicals Game Cover

Maize Herbicides Buctril Peak* Titus* Gal Gone Maister &Mero* Entail Elumis Callisto Calaris Templar Dual Gold Wing-P Pendimethalin *

Do not apply Peak otherSU containing herbicide(Elumis,Do notapply insequencewithany Entail, or Milagro tothecrop. activitycanbeapplied ofanSUherbicidewithgrassweed Titus) Onlyoneapplication Product

Post emergence Post emergence Post emergence Post emergence Post emergence Post emergence Post emergence Post emergence Post emergence Post emergence Pre-emergence up to4leaves Pre-emergence up to4leaves Pre-emergence Crop Timing Crop

1.2 20g 50g 1 1l/ha 150g + 0.17 1.5 1.5 1.5 2.5 1.4 4.0 3.3 Dose rate litre/ha rate Dose

octonanate ester octonanate Bromoxynil 225g/las Prosulfuron 750g/kg Rimsulfuron 25% Fluroxypyr 200g/l 100g/kg iodosulfuron 300g foramsulfuron+ Nicosulfuron 240g/l Nicosulfuron 30g/l Mesotrione 75g/l+ Mesotrione 100g/l Terbuthylazine 330g/l Mesotrione 70g/l+ + Bromoxynil200g/l Terbuthylazine 300g/l S-metolachlor 960g/l Pendimethalin 250g/l 212.5g/l + Dimethenamid-p 455g/l Stomp Aqua Anthem 400g/l Stomp Aqua a.ig/l or kg or a.ig/l

Wild Radish Wild 2TL .LH 1.5L/HA 1.5L/HA

Volunteer Potato Volunteer

Volunteer OSR Volunteer 6LVS 6LVS 2-4TL

Thistle Creeping Thistle 4LVS 1.5L/HA 1.5L/HA

6LVS

Stinking Mayweed Stinking 2TL 1.5L/HA 2-4TL

up to to up

Sow Thistles Sow 2TL 1.5L/HA

Shepherd's Purse Shepherd's 2TL 6LVS 2-4TL

6LVS

Scented Mayweed Scented 2TL

up to to up

Scarlet Pimpernel Scarlet .LH 1.5L/HA 1.5L/HA

Small Nettle Small 4LVS 2-4TL

Redshank 2TL 4LVS 0.17L/HA

Red Dead Nettle Dead Red 4LVS 2-4TL

Pineappleweed 2TL 1.5L/HA 2-4TL

Pennycress 1.5L/HA 2-4TL

Parsley Piert Parsley

Pale Persicaria Pale 2TL 4LVS 0.17L/HA 2-4TL

Orache 2TL 2LVS 0.17L/HA 2-4TL

6LVS

Knotgrass 2TL 0.17L/HA 1.5L/HA 1.5L/HA 2-4TL up to to up

DISCLAIMER: Agrovista & DLF cannotacceptanyresponsibility forany loss, inthe report. damageoraccident arising fromtheuseofinformation Speedwell, Ivy-leaved Speedwell, 2-4TL

Henbit Dead Nettle Dead Henbit 1.5L/HA

Groundsel 2TL 4LVS 0.17L/HA 2-4TL

Fumitory 2LVS 2-4TL

Forget-me-not 2-4TL

Fool's Parsley Fool's

Field Pansy Field 6LVS 2-4TL

Field Bindweed Field

8LVS

Fat Hen Fat 2TL

Use Pesticidessafely and always follow manufacturers guidelines. 2-4TL up to to up

Dock 2LVS SEEDLING 1.5L/HA

Creeping Buttercup Creeping 1.5L/HA

Corn Marigold Corn

Crane's Bill Crane's 4LVS 1.5L/HA

Common Poppy Common 2TL 2-4TL

C Hemp Nettle Hemp C

C. Field Speedwell Field C. 2TL 2LVS 0.17L/HA 2-4TL

C.Chickweed 2-4TL 2-4TL

1.5L/HA

Cleavers

2 whorls 2 1.5L/HA 2-4TL

6-8 whorls 6-8 ( )=Basedontrials UKLtd Agrovista kindly suppliedby The chartbelowwas application rate indicates effective Litre quantity Key

Charlock 4LVS 2-4TL

Resistant Moderately resistant Moderately susceptible Susceptible 4-6LVS

Bugloss

2TL 2-4TL

1.5L/HA 1.5L/HA

8LVS

Black Nightshade Black 2TL

up to to up

Black Bindweed Black 2TL 2LVS 1.5L/HA 2-4TL

Annual Mercury Annual 1.5L/HA 2-4TL

Amaranthus 6-8LVS

Wild Oats Wild 4LVS

Volunteer Cereals Cereals Volunteer 4LVS

Ryegrass 4LVS

Common Couch Common 4-6LVS 1.5L/HA

Brome spp Brome

Blackgrass 4LVS

GS 30 GS

Annual Meadow Grass Meadow Annual 2LVS .LH 1.5L/HA 1.5L/HA 2-4TL up to to up

GAME COVER CROPS GAME COVER CROPS maize requirements. a well-roundedportfoliotosuitall distinct advantage whensecuring breeders, which canhave a so wework withsixdifferent We are notbreeders ofmaize customers. total forage needswithour maize portfoliowhendiscussing seed market complementsthe years. Ourexpertise inthegrass the forage maizemarket formany 10 variety. foreach comprehensive technicalsheetsare available This is a guide and taster to all our varieties, however season. ordersfornext somerepeat have season andalready performed extremely well this for this sector have andourvarieties The biogas sector formaize is growing DLF have beenstrongplayers in Forage Maize • • • MONTY EARLY • • EMMERSON ULTRA EARLY

Monty alsofeatures ontheMaizefor for BSPB/NIABDescriptiveList2017 Listed onbothFavour matterandener Superb yieldsofdry for bothFa First choice onBSPB/NIABDescriptiveList2017 Setting newstandards forver vourable andLessFavourable Sites able andLessFavourable Sites y earlymaize Anaerobic DigestionList gy • • • • • ORMEAU • • CODITANK EARLY MAINCROP • • ES REGAIN • PEREZ VERY EARLY

Appears onBSPB/NIAB DescriptiveList2015 Fills theclampwith qualitysilage Digestion List Coditank alsofeatures ontheMaizefor for bothFa Features onBSPB/NIABDescriptiveList2017 Fills theclamp! ES Regainalsofeatures ontheMaizefor for the11thconsecutivey Remains classifiedontheBSPB/NIABDescriptiveList Proven consistentperformance for bothFa First choice onBSPB/NIABDescriptiveList2017 Gain higheryieldsfaster! Digestion List vourable andLessFavourable Sites vourable andLessFavourable sites ear Anaerobic Anaerobic • CODIGREEN • • ROGOSSO BIOGAS HIGHOUTPUT • •

Sites ontheBSPB/NIABDescriptiveList 2017 Candidate forBSPB/NIAB DescriptiveList2018 Huge plantwithhuge yields Digestion List Rogosso alsofeatures ontheMaizefor New additiontobothFavour Big andbulky Individual technical sheetsavailable foreach variety.

EMMERSON is a breakthrough in maize breeding. It is a very, very early variety but without the usual yield matter per hectare more than varieties of similar maturity. EMMERSON is bred by Limagrain specifically for growing in the UK and is particularly suited to more marginal grow” variety.

EMMERSON is First Choice for both Favourable and Less Favourable sites on the BSPB/NIAB Descriptive list of Forage Maize for 2017

DM yield Very Very Early Maturity Starch yield Setting New Standards for Very Early Maize Early maturing cobs ME yield Excellent standing power

Full cob sheath coverage

penalty associated with varieties of this early maturity, yielding over a tonne of dry ROGOSO is a high yielding, economical early/main crop variety. ME ROGOSO performs well, especially in more favourable maize growing areas.

agnlSt : Marginal Site ROGOSO is a new addition to both the Favourable and Less Favourable sites on the BSPB/NIAB Descriptive list of Forage Maize for 2017 and also akSz : Pack Size Digestion list

DM yield Starch yield and Cell Wall Digestibility are superb. ME yield:

sites, where it’s very early maturity combined with superb yields make it a “must

SOWING RATES Early/Main Crop Maturity agnlSt : Marginal Site Good Site Excellent standing power akSz : Pack Size

Marketed by:

Standard Seed Treatment

Marketed by: [email protected] www.dlf.co.uk

[email protected] www.dlf.co.uk

SOWING RATES 15.5 to 16.0 t DM/Ha Good Site

5.27 to 5.67 t/Ha :

Standard Seed Treatment 174,000 to 183,000 MJ/Ha

: :

16.6 TO 17.2 t DM/Ha 4.59 to 4.94 t/Ha 179,000 to 187,000 MJ/Ha

Ultra Early Forage Maize

Early/Maincrop Forage Maize

Thorn Farm Inkberrow Please askforthisinformation. Worcester WR7 4LJ Tel Fax on the Maize for Anaerobic Thorn Farm Inkberrow Thiram : Worcester WR7 4LJ Tel Fax

Big and bulky Brand n

01386 791101 01386 792216

Thiram : 01386 791101 01386 792216

45,000 seeds/acre

42,000 seeds/acre

50,000 seeds Emmerson

45,000 seeds/acre

42,000 seeds/acre

50,000 seeds

Mesurol ew

Unit 3 Saxilby Enterprise Park Mesurol Skellingthorpe Road Saxilby, Lincoln LN1 2LR Tel Fax

Unit 3 Saxilby Enterprise Park Skellingthorpe Road Saxilby, Lincoln LN1 2LR Tel Fax

01522 706510 01522 706519

Rogoso

www.dlf.co.uk

10 W East Mains Industrial Estate Broxburn EH52 5AU Tel Fax

10 Westerton Road East Mains Industrial Estate Broxburn EH52 5AU Tel esterton Road Fax

01506 674800 01506 691212

West Lothian

Pack Size : : : Size Pack Site Marginal

ME yield ME Starch yield DM yield www.dlf.co.uk [email protected] Marketed by: 2017 for Maize the siteson Favourable BSPB/NIAB Descriptive list ofForage is KWS PEREZ autumnthe foran early harvest on favourable sites allowing fortimely establishment of afollowing crop in Its excellent early vigourmakes it ideal forsowing on less favourable sites and has the potential combines KWS superbPEREZ yield isnew KWS setting of theVeryPEREZ standardsEarly in segment foragethe maize market. www.dlf.co.uk [email protected] Marketed by: for the eleventh consecutive year. REGAIN ES character. vigour, early especially less at ES favourable sites, REGAINscores 7.2this for important The challengingweather conditions It is still the first choice of many and therefore amust to sow inyour fields in2017. maize sit a the of rare for is to very at variety res It top its seasons growing different The performance of ES REGAIN has been incredibly consistent overa wide range of sites and ME y ME Starch yield DM yield ,

West Lothian

feedout Ideal for late drilling on favourable sites to encourage ear Good early vigour for heavier soils for risk effluent stay-green reduced Semi Early consistent cob ripening sites. favourable for early variety or A very either less favourable

ield ield

Standard Seed Treatment Good SiteGood SOWING RATES RATES SOWING Standard Seed Treatment Good SiteGood SOWING RATES RATES SOWING

remains classified on the BSPB/NIAB descriptive list

First Choice for both Favourable and Less Less and Favourable both for Choice First 185,000to 194,000 MJ/Ha 5.68 t/Ha5.35 to 16.7 to 17.3 t DM/Ha17.3 t 16.7 to 180,000to 188,000 MJ/Ha 5.38 t/Ha5.00 to DM/Ha16.6 t 16.2 to : : : : Proven Fax Tel WR7 4LJ Worcester Inkberrow Thorn Farm Fax Tel WR7 4LJ Worcester Inkberrow Thorn Farm Gain HigherFaster! Yields Gain over a longover a period of time.

01386 791101 01386 792216 01386 792216 01386 791101

: Thiram Thiram : : Thiram Thiram :

Consistent Performance

with excellent forage quality. in recent seasons have highlighted the importance of good

Very Early Very Early Very Early Very Early

50,000 seeds 50,000 seeds/acre 42,000 seeds/acre 45,000 50,000 seeds 50,000 seeds/acre 42,000 seeds/acre 45,000

+ + Mesurol Fax Tel 2LR LN1 LincolnSaxilby, Skellingthorpe Road 3Unit Saxilby Enterprise Park Mesurol Mesurol Fax Tel 2LR LN1 LincolnSaxilby, Skellingthorpe Road 3Unit Saxilby Enterprise Park

01522 706510 01522 706519 01522 706510 01522 706519

able andLessFavourable Perez KWS pective group for as long as ES + Zinc +

ES Regain lier lier

Forage Maize Forage Forage Maize Forage

Fax Tel EH52 5AU Broxburn IndustrialMains Estate East Westerton Road 10 Fax Tel EH52 5AU Broxburn IndustrialMains Estate East Westerton Road 10

01506 674800 01506 691212

www.dlf.co.uk

www.dlf.co.uk [email protected] [email protected]

, , Marketed by: Marketed

West Lothian West Lothian

Marketed by: Marketed

Pack Size : : Size Pack

Marginal Site : : Site Marginal

ME yield yield ME

Starch yield yield Starch

DM yield yield DM

Pack Size : : Size Pack

list

for Anaerobic Digestion for 2017 for Digestion Anaerobic for Marginal Site : : Site Marginal

REGAIN. Maize Forage and Maize Forage of list Descriptive BSPB/NIAB the

MONTY is listed for both Favourable and Less Favourable Less and Favourable both for listed is MONTY

Standard Seed Treatment Seed Standard

Very high production, one of the highest yields on the 2017 BSPS/NIAB List. BSPS/NIAB 2017 the on yields highest the of one production, high Very

Not only does MONTY have early maturity but also superb yields of dry matter and energy. and matter dry of yields superb also but maturity early have MONTY does only Not

low cob setting, setting, cob low

Good Site Good

MONTY is a compact plant with large erect leaves with good cobs, filled to the end and very very and end the to filled cobs, good with leaves erect large with plant compact a is MONTY

Stay green with strong roots and good smut tolerance smut good and roots strong with green Stay SOWING RATES RATES SOWING

Excellent standing power standing Excellent

Good early vigour early Good

ME yield: ME

Standard Seed Treatment Seed Standard

Starch yield: Starch

DM yiel DM

Good Site Good

SOWING RATES RATES SOWING

Favourable sites Favourable

also on the Maize for Anaerobic Digestion list, First Choice for for Choice First list, Digestion Anaerobic for Maize the on also

on the BSPB/NIAB Descriptive list of Forage Maize for 2017 and and 2017 for Maize Forage of list Descriptive BSPB/NIAB the on

Excellent standing power standing Excellent

CODITANK is listed for both Favourable and Favourable both for listed is CODITANK

Leafy with excellent stability excellent with Leafy

CODITANK performs well, especially in more favourable maize growing areas growing maize favourable more in especially well, performs CODITANK

Early/Main Crop Maturity Crop Early/Main

potential for grain maize and biogas production. production. biogas and maize grain for potential : :

CODITANK is later maturing with above average dry matter yield, ME and starch. Also has has Also starch. and ME yield, matter dry average above with maturing later is CODITANK

CODITANK is an economical early/main crop variety. crop early/main economical an is CODITANK 189,000 to 198,000 MJ/Ha 198,000 to 189,000

d: 4.65 to 5.15 t/Ha 5.15 to 4.65

16.9 t 16.9

Superb yields of dry matter and energy and matter dry of yields Superb

Fax

: :

Fax Tel Tel

WR7 4LJ WR7

Tel Tel Worcester

Inkberrow

WR7 4LJ WR7 Thorn Farm Thorn

Worcester

Inkberrow

Thorn Farm Thorn

providing a nice field appearance. field nice a providing

182,000 to 196,000 MJ/Ha 196,000 to 182,000

4.48 to 5.06 t/Ha 5.06 to 4.48

o 17.5 t DM/Ha t 17.5 o

16.5 to 17.5 t DM/Ha t 17.5 to 16.5

01386 792216 01386

01386 791101 01386

: Thiram Thiram :

, ,

First choice on the favourable favourable the on choice First

50,000 seeds 50,000

42,000 seeds/acre 42,000

45,000 seeds/acre 45,000

50,000 seeds 50,000

42,000 seeds/acre 42,000

45,000 seeds/acre 45,000

Fax

Tel Tel

LN1 2LR LN1

Saxilby, Lincoln Saxilby, Maize Forage Early/Maincrop LN1 2LR LN1

Skellingthorpe Road Skellingthorpe

Unit 3 Saxilby Enterprise Park Enterprise Saxilby 3 Unit Saxilby, Lincoln Saxilby,

Skellingthorpe Road Skellingthorpe

Unit 3 Saxilby Enterprise Park Enterprise Saxilby 3 Unit

+ +

Anaerobic

Mesurol Mesurol

01522 706519 01522

01522 706510 01522 01522 706510 01522

+ +

Mesurol Mesurol

Fills the clamp! the Fills

Early Forage Maize Maize Forage Early Less Favourable sites sites Favourable Less

sites on on sites

Fax

Tel

Fax

Tel

EH52 5AU EH52

Broxburn

East Mains Industrial Estate Industrial Mains East

10 Westerton Road Westerton 10 East Mains Industrial Estate Industrial Mains East

H52 5AU H52

10 Westerton Road Westerton 10

01506 691212 01506

01506 674800 01506

01506 691212 01506

01506 01506

, , , ,

West Lothian Lothian West West Lothian Lothian West

674800

Monty Monty

Coditank

Game Maize Forage Maize Game Maize Game Maize game cover purposes. the mostsuitableoftheseforour diminish andwecarefully select stocks ofthosebeingreplaced are supersededby newerhybrids, grain varieties. As these varieties stage beencommercial forage or used forgamecover have atsome and feed.Nearlyallmaizevarieties most popular crops used for cover N.B. The laterthesowing datethelater thematurityofmaize. on seasonaland management variations. dependingHeight ofmaize mayvary isstilloneofthe

Treatment Mesuroltreated Pack size50,000seeds ability, earlyvigourandalow cobcarriage. Varieties are chosen goodstanding which have very Rapid Fire isstillourbiggestsellingbrand ofmaize. RAPID FIRE

Treatment Mesuroltreated Pack size40,000seeds impact inthefuture! variety withhigherdroughttolerance which mayhave grown by large shootsforseveral years. Itisastay-green short,Silver Shotisavery compactplantandhasbeen SILVER SHOT Treatment Mesuroltreated Pack size50,000seeds whole oftheshootingseason. ripen atdifferent times, thusproviding cover throughoutthe maturity. This willgivedifferingrates ofmaturityascobs Maize Blendisamixture ofvarieties withearly, midandlate MAIZE BLEND

Treatment Mesuroltreated Pack size50,000seeds husbandry. depending onthegrowing season, timeofsowing and but the rate at which the cob matures enormously can vary Please beaware latematuringvarieties, thattheseare very still belookinggoodattheendofshootingseason. standard varieties have beendecimated, LateShotshould seems tobeoflessinterest torats andbadgers, sowhere latematurityLateShot ‘bright whitestage’.Duetoitsvery produce animmature cobthatrarely developspastthe anywhere onaUKmaizelistduetoitslateness.Itwill This plantisextremely latetomature andcouldnotfeature LATE SHOT

GAME COVER CROPS GAME COVER CROPS relatively dry environment. relatively dry which allows easy movement in a of agoodcanopy andbare ground particularly like thecombination whole shootingseason.Pheasants that itwillprovide cover forthe The mainadvantage ofkaleis popular cover cropsusedtoday. 12 control thatmayberequired. of timeforwhich thecropisgrownandpotential weed such mixture shouldtake intoaccounttherequired length such asquinoaandyellow blossomclover. Selectionofany Kale isfrequently grown inconjunction withothercrops thestrips. in adjacentstripsandalternating prevented by growing kaleandanothercropsuch asmaize or prevent thegrowthofbrassica cropsbutthiscanbe “brassica sick”; club root (finger and toe) will inhibit be takencanbecome withcontinuouskaleastheground priortosowing. manure/slurry of farmyard Care should cropand benefits from the application hungry is a very important toconductsoilanalysispriorsowing. Kale Kale requires soilwithapHofaround6.5, soitis very Kale isstilloneofthemost Kale Treatment Untreated&CruiserSBFleaBeetleTreatment Pack size1kg Sowing rate3.5-7.5kg/ha good qualityproductionover alongerusageperiod. hardiness andkeeping ability, ithasthepotentialtomaintain counts with Caledonian kale. Successfully tested for winter favourablystem ratio andcomparedonall statisticallyvery matteryieldsandexcellentshown leaf-to- tohave gooddry the Scottish Agricultural College in Aberdeen, Sovereign was good clubroottolerance. testsconductedby Inagronomic Sovereign isahighyielding, medium-tallforage kalewith Club RootTolerant SOVEREIGN

Tolerant Root Club Sovereign Cruiser SBFleaBeetleTreatment & Treatment Untreated Pack size1kg Sowing rate3.5-7.5kg/ha Agricultural Collegein Aberdeen. better clubroottolerance inatrialconductedattheScottish achieved ahighervigourscore thanCaledoniankaleand making ittheidealchoice forgamecover usage. Goldeneye good winterhardiness andgoodfieldtolerance ofdisease, height andleafproduction. It hasaleafytop, strongstem, cover market, selectedfortheoptimumcombinationof Goldeneye isagianttypekaleespeciallybred forthegame Club RootTolerant GOLDENEYE KALE Treatment Untreated&CruiserSBFleaBeetleTreatment Pack size1kg Sowing rate3.5-7.5kg/ha underneath. canopy giving plenty of space for the birds to move about and athick strongstemwithabranching, umbrella-shaped growingin difficult conditions.Ithasahighleafcanopy extremelygame cover sector and has performed well even Angeliter is proving tobeasignificant improvement inthe tallvariety withgoodwinterhardiness.A very Grüner GRÜNER ANGELITER

Tolerant Root Club Treatment CruiserSBFleaBeetleTreatment Pack size2kg both gameandsongbirds. attracts insectsandprovides shedseed, allhelpingtodraw growth withvarious bolting times. The flowering kale cover over anextended periodandwillgivesecondyear to provide a tall varied canopy. This blend will give superb A combinationofthree excellent gamecover kalevarieties, SUREFIRE KALEBLEND Sowing rate needed intheeventof heavy attack. monitoring ofthecrop isstillrequired as furtheractionmaybe damage intheearly stages ofestablishment, however regular beetle seedtreatment greatlyreduces theeffectoffleabeetle Flea Beetletreated seed mustbedrilledandnotbroadcast.Flea 100% 25% 30% 45%

So Grüner Angeliter Goldeney vereign 3.5-7.5kg/ha e Surefire KaleBlend

2017 RECIPE

NEW

2017 NEW FOR NEW Brassicas Kale

Treatment Untreated Pack size5kg Sowing rate6–10kg/ha varieties withgooddiseaseandboltingresistance. of ahighleaftostemratio cropusingcarefully selected crops. Goodseedlingvigourgivesareliable establishment is ideal for replacing failed crops orpatching spring sown vigorousandquick growingmixture whichThis isavery Zoom is a blend of Winfred hybrid brassica and forage rape. ZOOM BRASSICAMIXTURE Brassicas Treatment Untreated Pack size10kg&25kg Sowing rate5-7.5kg/ha Alternaria. matteryieldandexcellent resistance to highdry has avery canbegrazedafterjust6-8weeks. leafy turnips Avalon also sown in spring or autumnand for forage production these fastandiswinterhardy.the soilvery This variety canbe Avalon thatislateflowering, leafyturnip isavery covers AVALONLEAFY TURNIP

RECIPE 2017 NEW

2017 NEW FOR NEW

Jonty Treatment Untreated Pack size10kg&25kg Sowing rate6-10kg/ha wet weather. driving andfeeding. Itislargely unaffectedby frostand spacing betweenrows willprovide goodcover forholding, flowers andgoestoseed.grown Awell cropwithadequate rescue orcatch crop, continuinguntiltheNew Year whenit Forage Rapeisparticularlyusefulinthatitcanbeusedasa FORAGE RAPE

Forage Rape Treatment Untreated Pack size5kgand25kg Sowing rate6-10kg/ha establishment to maturity. rapid and tolerance birds. It is a medium-tallaphidexcellent with variety provide good cover for holding, driving and feeding game that canbeusedasarescue orcatch cropthatwill establishing brassicas. Itisarapid growing brassica kale andisagoodcompaniontousewithotherfast Spitfirerape created isamodern by crossing rape with SPITFIRE HYBRID FORAGE BRASSICA

Spitfire

Treatment Thiram&Sepirettreated Pack size2kg Sowing rate5-7.5kg/ha mixture onpage21. patching cropwhenspringcropshave failed. Also seeBoost is idealforsuppressing weedsandtheyare oftenusedasa canopy which isgreatforflushingbirds. Theirgrowth rapid establish andprovide frosthardy cover, producingabroken developed from Ethiopian mustard. They are easy to Texsel Greens are afastgrowing, shinyleaved brassica (Brassica carinata) TEXSEL GREENS

Texsel Greens 13

GAME COVER CROPS GAME COVER CROPS 14 Sorghums Millets

Sorghum is a semi-tropical, DWARF SORGHUM GIANT SORGHUM Dwarf Sorghum has a short, sturdy, broad-leaved stem and Giant Sorghum is a sorghum x sudan grass hybrid standing non-cob producing, maize-like a substantial seed-head, providing birds with warm cover approximately 2 metres tall and therefore is extremely plant which will provide cover throughout the shooting season. Often sown as a companion useful as a windbreak to protect more vulnerable crops. to maize with the bulkier, shorter sorghum plants giving Its deep rooting system enables it to withstand drought throughout the shooting season. protection to the birds below the taller growing maize plants conditions. Useful as a flushing crop even though it is prone It thrives best in warm, sunny (see Four Ten on p19) Average height 1 - 1.25m. to lodging later in the season. growing conditions and therefore Sowing rate 20kg/ha Sowing rate 30kg/ha Pack size 10kg Pack size 10kg is suited to the more southerly Treatment Fungicide treated Treatment Fungicide treated regions of the UK. Sorghum is a very slow establishing plant Over n’ Under Sorghum Mixture that does not begin to flourish INTERMEDIATE SORGHUM until late July. Intermediate Sorghum as suggested by its name, is in OVER N’ UNDER between giant and dwarf in height, approx 1.5m. Useful as SORGHUM MIXTURE a windbreak around other game cover crops, it provides pheasants and partridges with protection from overhead A combination of two differing heights of sorghum. The predators. Has an attractive seed-head. shorter dwarf sorghum will give the birds cover and protection from predators with the taller giant sorghum Sowing rate 20kg/ha acting as a windbreak. Pack size 10kg Treatment Fungicide treated 50% Giant Sorghum 50% Dwarf Sorghum 100% Sowing rate 20 - 25kg/ha Giant Sorghum Pack size 10kg Treatment Fungicide treated

Height of Sorghum may vary depending Dwarf Sorghum N.B. on seasonal and management variations. Sorghums Treatment Untreated Pack size10kg Sowing rate12kg/ha other gamecover crops. sown withmaize, butwillcombinewellwithavariety of required wellif to lastlongerintotheseasonitperforms and if sown alone can be used for early holding cover. When is particularly attractive to grey and red-legged partridges attract wildseed-eatingbirds such asfinches. Whitemillet provides warmth, shelterandfeedforgamebirds andwill UK asitisasunshineloving plantandisnotfrosthardy. It White Millet is best suited to more southerly regions of WHITE MILLET Millets

Red Millet White Millet

the

Treatment Untreated Pack size10kg Sowing rate12kg/ha feed crop(see Ambush Millet Mix). with whiteandred milletitprovides anexcellent cover and of themilletfamilyandismore winterhardy. When mixed Japanese ReedMilletisastrongerplantthanothermembers JAPANESE REEDMILLET Treatment Untreated Pack size10kg Sowing rate12kg/ha to frost. Millgame MilletMix). As withothermillets, itissusceptible use with white millet as it extends the feeding period (see well whensown alone. However itisagoodpartnerto Red Milletisearliermaturingthanwhiteanddoesnotstand RED MILLET

White &RedMillet

Treatment Untreated Pack size10kg Sowing rate 100% end ofmaize. the outsideofablock ofmaizeorasaflushingpointatthe cover. Itisanidealmixture foruseasawind-proofbelton red millet produces plentiful seed to holdthe birds in the and more winterhardy provides cover whilethewhiteand Japanese reed millet. The reed milletbeingastrongerplant Ambush MilletMixisacombinationofwhite, red and AMBUSH 20% 40% 40%

Japanese ReedMillet Red Millet White Millet 12kg/ha MILLET MIX

Japanesse ReedMillet

2017 RECIPE NEW

Millgame MilletMix

2017 NEW FOR NEW

Treatment Untreated Pack size10kg Sowing rate 100% with maizecreates anexcellent cover andfeedcrop. amounts ofhighproteinfeedperacre andwhencombined extending thefeedingperiod. This mixture canproducehuge useful as the red matures earlier than thewhite, therefore Millgame MilletMixusesbothred andwhitemilletis MILLGAME MILLETMIX 50% 50%

White Millet Red Millet 12kg/ha White Millet Millgame MilletMix

GAME COVER CROPS “We have tried out various different methods of achieving a reliable game cover crop with varying successes and find that using tic beans with triticale establishes incredibly well, we run two passes right after one another on the beans and the cereals. With the beans providing tremendous feeding quality for the pheasants. It also allows plenty of room for the birds to run about within and I couldn’t be happier with the results.”

Bill Short, Balquhudlie, October 2016

GAME COVER CROPS 16 Game Cover Crops Game Cover Crops

SUNFLOWERS STANDARD TYPE TRITICALE Large attractive flowers of variable height, but generally tall. A wheat/rye hybrid cereal providing good cover and feed For best utilisation of this crop it should be “swiped down” in marginal low fertility areas where it will thrive with little Not only is a field of sunflowers in to enable game birds to reach the nutritious seeds. They can input. Useful in situations where maize and millet are not flower a colourful sight, the crop is be drilled with maize to brighten up your maize crop. options and where brassica sickness is a problem. Further important advantages are its ability to withstand rabbit of huge benefit to a wide range of Sowing rate 12kg/ha attack, winter hardiness and good disease resistance. When Pack size 10kg sowing in the spring, a true spring type must be used which wildlife. Sunflowers provide highly Treatment Untreated does not require a period of vernalisation, otherwise the nutritious seed of a high oil content plant will not produce grain. which is loved by all game and Sowing rate 125kg/ha DWARF TYPE Pack size 25kg & 500kg song birds and the nectar is of great A short hybrid variety with good standing ability. The seed- Treatment Untreated importance to bees and other insects. heads tend to be larger than those of the standard type. Quinoa These are also best “swiped down” to enable birds to reach In most situations sunflowers are the large seed-heads, providing plenty of nutritious seeds. BORAGE QUINOA grown in conjunction with many other Sowing rate 12kg/ha Borage, also known as starflower, is a quick growing annual Quinoa is capable of producing a plentiful amount of game crops such as game maize or Pack size 5kg herb, to a height of 2-3 feet with bright blue flowers; there seed and therefore is a popular choice of crop for holding Treatment Fungicide treated is also a white flowered variation. The crop was traditionally partridge and pheasants. Many species of seed-eating kale, either in mixtures or in adjacent grown for culinary and medicinal uses, although the crop is song-birds are also attracted to the crop. Commonly grown blocks. The young seedlings are commercially grown today for its oil content. Borage's star with kale, quinoa provides cover and feed until it begins shaped flower attracts bees all summer long. Borage is a self to collapse in the first frosts with the kale providing more very vulnerable to spring slug attack seeding plant and likely to reseed itself for many years to permanent cover. come. and to wireworm in ground that has Sowing rate 5kg/ha previously been in grass, so a close Sowing rate 12kg/ha Pack size 2kg Pack size 5kg Treatment Untreated eye must be kept on the newly planted Treatment Untreated crop. Cambridge rolling following drilling into a good seed bed will help to protect against rook damage. Sunflower Game Cover Crops Game Cover Organic seedavailable in25kgpacks(limited) Treatment Untreated Pack size2kg&5kg Sowing rate7.5-10kg/ha is likely tosetseedandreseed itselfformanyyears tocome. for gamecover itisbestsown aspartofamixture. Phacelia large variety of insects. It is not winter hardy and therefore flowers providing agoodsource ofnectar, beneficialtoa suppressant. It produces a mass of sweet smelling purple A prolificseeder, fast to establishandagoodweed very PHACELIA Crops Game Cover Treatment Untreated Pack size10kg&25kg Sowing rate50kg/ha Buckwheat thrivesbestinsunnyrather thanshadedareas. cover andfeedafterthefirstfrostswhencrophasfallen. to itsbulkinessandabilitycontinueprovide holding game birds. Itisausefulcomponenttoaddmixtures due providebeneficial insectswhich addedinterest inturn for large amount of nectar produced attracts bees and other pheasants, partridgeanddeerboth ascover andfeed. The crophighlyattractiveA rapidly to growingshortterm BUCKWHEAT

Phacelia

Organic seedavailable in25kg packs Treatment Untreated Pack size10kg&25kg Sowing rate6-17kg/ha green manure crop(seegreen manure sectionpage42&43). species which alonewould provide nocover. Popular asa This isespeciallyusefulwhensown withseedproducing fallen woody stemswillcreate shelterforthebirds below. is idealforearlycover andalthoughkilledoffby frost, the either sown aloneorasacompaniontootherspecies.It A relatively inexpensive andhighlyversatilecover crop WHITE MUSTARD Treatment Untreated Pack size5kg Sowing rate2.5-7.5kg/ha fertiliser leaching andwater run-off. maize, potatoes and sugar beet crops, reducing soil erosion, also especiallyusefulasover-wintering greencover after matter andactsasanexcellent weedsuppressant. Itis It willimprove thehealthofsoilby increasing organic and September. Unlike whitemustard, itiswinterhardy. establish 50 -70daycropthatcan be sown between April pestsanddiseases.Itisaneasyto suppresses soil-borne A greenmanure cropwithbiofumigationproperties, i.e. it BROWN MUSTARD

White Mustard Organic seedavailable in25kgpacks(limited) Treatment Untreated Pack size10kg&25kg Sowing rate6-8kg/ha providing feedduringthatallimportant gap’. ‘hungry seed in pods which shed in late winter/early spring, thus cover rightthroughtheseason.Inaddition, itholdsits replacement forfailedcrops, andwillcontinuetoprovide being combined.Duetoitsfastgrowth itisvaluable asa eight weeks, justasbirds are losingcover fromthecereals in Julyasitwillbeready toprovide cover withinsixto crop. regions Itisusefulasacatch ifsown cropinnorthern which aidsweedsuppression anditsuseasagreen manure disease. Otherqualitiesare itsspeedofestablishment brassica sickness is a problem due to its immunity to the A fastgrowingcover crop, itsprimeusefulnessbeingwhere (Oil Radish) FODDER RADISH

Fodder Radish Brown Mustard

Treatment Untreated Pack size5kg Sowing rate12kg/ha mix page20). of pleasure withtriticale, barleyandlinseed(seePartridge mixture forexposed areas isproducedby combininggold attractive to birds,a seed very especially partridge. A useful soils. Itisafastmaturing, free-branching plantproducing Another cropwellsuitedtopoorer andnutrientdeficient CAMELINA GOLD OFPLEASURE- Treatment Untreated Pack size25kg Sowing rate60kg/ha sickness hasbeenaproblem. part ofamixture. Itisalsoanotheroptionwhere brassica cover andinterest wellintothewinterespeciallyifsown as Brash. Although notfrosthardy itwillcontinuetoprovide soil types, wellonthinner soilse.g. performing Cotswold partridge. Itisaneasytogrow cropandistolerant ofmany recent years asgamecover andisparticularlyattractive to Traditionally grownforitsoil, linseed has becomepopularin LINSEED

Buckwheat

GAME COVER CROPS GAME COVER CROPS 18 costs. periods and reduce establishment help reduce workload during busy game and farmland wildlife. They valuable year round habitat for provide cover crops game Perennial LONGER TERMCROPS Game Cover Crops Game Cover Perennial Chicory Treatment Untreated Pack size2kg Sowing rate6kg/ha soil structure andfertility. leguminous anddeeprootingitisinvaluable forimproving Blossom Clover canthriveinthepoorest ofsoils andbeing woody-stemmed clover takingover inthesecondyear. Yellow kale willhelptoprovide cover inthefirst year, withthetall, attractwhich gamebirds inturn andwildlife. Sowing with copious productionofnectaritishighlyattractive toinsects, self-regenerating properties.Owingtoitssweetsmelland A biennialplantwhich canpersistforseveral years duetoits YELLOW BLOSSOMCLOVER Treatment Untreated Pack size2.5kg Sowing rate6kg/ha the debrisbeingremoved. grassand toppingisbeneficialifthebecomestootall, with management shouldbeundertaken tokeep therows clear too denseandtherefore impassableforthebirds. Annual grassbecoming wide enoughrows toprevent thecanary in newlyestablishedwoods. Care mustbetaken todrillin too difficultandisagood choice tousebetweentree rows planting isnotanoption, eitherbecauseitisuneconomicor both hold anddrivebirds. It is useful in areas where annual nesting cover forpheasantandpartridgecanbeusedto Grass provides excellentCanary mediumtolongterm (Phalaris aquatica) CANARY GRASS

Treatment Untreated Pack size2kg Sowing rate5kg/ha high mineral contentincludingZinc, PotassiumandCopper. and has a wet ground) major pests (but does not like very is required. It has good tolerance to drought, acid soils and a 6-7ft flowering hedge, usefulwhere a perimeter barrier Creates tall, densecover, boltinginitssecondyear tocreate PERENNIAL CHICORY Treatment Untreated Pack size2.5kg Sowing rate6kg/ha tall, withthedebrisremoved. keep therows clear. Topping isbeneficialifitbecomes too too dense. Annual managementshouldbeundertaken to rather than broadcasting or the crop will become necessary feeding. As with Phalaris aquaticadrillinginwiderows is left unplantedorlatercutouttoprovide areas forartificial cover anddoesnotprovide feedsobare patches maybe provides wildbirds withnestingsites. The cropispurely for It notonlyoffersnestingandcover topheasantsbutalso hardier plantandwilltolerate awiderange ofsoiltypes. regionssuitable foruseinexposed asitisamuch northern Grass issimilar to Phalaris aquatica but is Reed Canary (Phalaris arundinacea) REED CANARY GRASS

Pack size15kg GENERAL PURPOSE DEER LAWN MIXTURE Sowing ra Sowing 100% Pack size15kg 37kg/ha rate Sowing 100% REARING PENMIX 0.5% 2.5% 2.5% 3.5% 15% 20% 23% 25% 10% 15% 15% 25% 4% 6% 7% 1% 2% 2% 2% 3% 3% 5% 8%

White Clover Birdsfoot Trefoil F Meadow Timothy Creeping RedFescue P Late Amenity Perennial Ryegrass Meadow Plantain Perennial Chicor F Red Clover Clover White Brown Lucerne (inoculated) Black Medick Sainfoin Creeping RedFescue Grass Smooth StalkMeadow P Late P Intermediate Timothy FescueMeadow enugreek te 37kg/ha erennial Ryegrass(Diploid) erennial Ryegrasss(Diploid) o Bent Top Foxtail escue erennial Ryegrass(Diploid) y

Reed Canary Grass Reed Canary

Game Cover Mixtures Game Cover Game Cover Crops Game Cover requirements canbearranged. mixtures to suit individual specific another. In these cases, specialised will fitthebillforone reason or instances whennoneoftheabove However, there are sometimes and cover where bothare required. types of game and provide feed help toattract andholdspecific can extend the utilisation period, different speciesintoamixture from yourcover crops.Combining you willbeabletoachieve thebest to ensureare specially formulated Our range of game cover mixtures Mixtures Game Cover Sundown Mixture Treatment Fungicidetreatments Pack size13kg Sowing rate 100% feed. Itisnotrecommended formarginal areas. both species. This mixture provides fullseasoncover and sunflowers thatcombinesthefantasticfeedingpotentialof A carefully blended mixture of game cover maize and SUNDOWN MIXTURE Treatment Fungicidetreatments Pack size14kg Sowing rate 100% techniques. cover below the maize. Both species have similar husbandry season. Dwarf sorghum willprovide addedwarmth and This mixture will provide cover and feed throughout MIXTURE FOUR TEN 15% 85% 30% 70%

Dwarf Sor Game Maize Sunflower Game Maize 32kg/ha 35kg/ha ghum

Partridge Mixture

the 0.5% Treatment Various treatments Pack size10kg Sowing rate 100% 17.5% and rolling. Ensure thattreated seediscovered by harrowing size broadcasttoachieve optimumestablishment. attractive splashofcolour. Duetothevariance inseed and cover forallgamebirds. The sunflowers addan for afullseasonofcover that willprovide holding, feed their feedandcover qualities. This mixture isdesigned A traditional mixture ofspeciesspeciallyselectedfor GAME COVER MIXTURE TRADITIONAL 2.5% 2.5% 7.5% 9.5% 14% 15% 30% 1%

Phacelia Gold ofPleasure Forage Mustar White Sunflower Kale Buckwheat Red Millet Millet White Game Maize 25kg/ha Rape d

Traditional Mixture GameCover

2017

RECIPE

NEW

2017 NEW FOR NEW

Treatment Untreated Pack size10kg Sowing rate 100% 18.5% 18.5% toour alternative Traditional GameCover mixture. as alltheseedsare ofsimilarsize. Itoffersanexcellent throughout theseason.Itiseasytosow andestablish which will provide excellent cover andfeed will last A combinationofeightsmallseedproducingspecies DECOY GAMEMIXTURE 1.5% 2.5% 6.5% 6.5% 21% 25%

Gold ofPleasure Japaneese ReedMillet Mustar White Radish Fodder Millet White Millet Red Buckwheat Linseed 20kg/ha d Northern StarMixture Decoy GameMixture

2017

RECIPE NEW

2017 NEW FOR NEW GAME COVER CROPS “Our specialist Birchgrove mixture is designed to suit our shooting area as it attracts and holds birds very well. This mixture provides excellent winter cover and the birds fly well out of it.”

John Lewis (Head Keeper), Birchgrove Estate, October 2016

GAME COVER CROPS 20 Game Cover Mixtures Game Cover Mixtures

NORTHERN STAR NORTHERN SHOT MIX FEED & COVER MIXTURE PARTRIDGE MIXTURE GAME MIXTURE Northern shot mixture is ideal for sowing in colder more A comprehensive mixture of many species, selected for their A very hardy mixture that thrives on colder, poorer soils. Northern Star Game mixture is ideal for use in colder, more exposed areas, suitable to last up to 2 years. It is designed to feed and cover qualities. This diverse mixture is designed This mixture has an open canopy that encourages and holds exposed areas. This mixture will provide cover and feed as provide cover and feed as well as being a haven for wildlifeNEW FOR for a full season of feed and cover for many different bird partridges and is useful as a break crop from kale. well as being a haven for wildlife throughout the season. TheNEW FORthroughout the season. The kale, yellow blossom clover2017 and species. 50% Spring Triticale triticale in the mixture is beneficial where rabbit damage is2017 chicory will provide cover and feed into the second year. 24.75 % Spring Barley 30% Spring Barley a potential problem. It is advisable to sow in wide rows to 40% Spring Triticale 22.5% Spring Triticale 15% Linseed NEW enable birds to have free access. 20% Spring Barley RECIPE 15% Spring Wheat 4% Gold of Pleasure NEW 20% Spring Wheat 11.5% Spring Oats 1% Kale 50% Spring Triticale RECIPE 2017 38% Spring Beans 2017 10% Kale 6.75% Dwarf Sorghum 100% 5% Forage Rape 5% Hybrid Brassica 5.65% White Millet Sowing rate 62kg/ha 5% Kale 2% Perennial Chicory 5% Linseed Pack size 25kg 2% Yellow Blossom Clover 2% Yellow Blossom Clover 3.35% Japanese Reed Millet 1% Green Fennel 2.25% Red Millet Treatment Various 100% 100% 2.25% Gold of Pleasure Sowing rate 50kg/ha 1% Quinoa Sowing rate 50 - 60kg/ha Pack size 20kg 100% Treatment Untreated Pack size 20kg Treatment Various Sowing rate 40kg/ha Pack size 25kg Treatment Various

Club Root OVERDRIVE Tolerant A superb combination of winter hardy cover provided by the kale and high quality feed provided by the quinoa. This mixture is excellent for holding birds. 50% Quinoa 50% Goldeneye Kale Cruiser SB Flea Beetle Treatment 100% Sowing rate 6kg/ha Pack size 2.5kg Northern Star Mixture Treatment Cruiser SB Flea Beetle Treatment Overdrive Game Cover Mixtures Game Cover Mixtures 21 GAME COVER CROPS Traditional Game Cover Mixture Overdrive Mixture Boost Mixture Traditional Game Cover Mixture

LATE COVER AND RESCUE MIXTURES LATE COVER MIXTURE KWIK FIX ZOOM BRASSICA MIXTURE A rapidly establishing and maturing mixture providing This is a flexible cover crop which can be used to patch Zoom is a mixture of Winfred hybrid brassica and forage rape. winter cover to the height of 2 - 3 feet. It is often used as failed spring game covers. Mustard increases the cover This is a very vigorous and quick growing mixture which a patching crop where spring crops have failed. This mixture element and fodder radish prolongs the cover period. This is ideal for replacing failed crops or patching spring sown will tolerate drought conditions. mixture will not provide full season cover, but it is more crops. High seedling vigour gives a reliable establishment 60% Forage Rape winter hardy than straight mustard. of a high leaf to stem ratio crop with carefully selected 30% Stubble Turnips 70% Fodder Radish varieties that have good disease and bolting resistance. 7% White Mustard 30% White Mustard 3% Fodder Radish Sowing rate 6 - 10kg/ha 100% Pack size 5kg 100% Sowing rate 12 - 15kg/ha Treatment Untreated Sowing rate 12 - 15kg/ha Pack size 5kg Pack size 5kg Treatment Untreated Treatment Untreated

BOOST MIXTURE A fast growing, quick to establish, frost hardy crop. Ideal to sow in late summer or early autumn to provide cover that will last throughout the winter. Excellent as a ‘rescue’ mixture for patching failed crops or when a later sown crop is required. 70% Texsel Greens (B. carinata) 10% Hybrid Brassica 10% Fodder Radish 10% Brown Mustard 100% Sowing rate 6 - 10kg/ha Pack size 5kg Treatment Untreated Late Cover Mixture Kwik Fix Zoom Brassica Mixture BGM 3 with Cocksfoot & Clover

BGM 2 no Cocksfoot + RC

BGM 2 no Grass

Stewardship Selector Cocksfoot Ryegrass

BGM 4 with 4 BGM Wildﬂowers BGM 5 with

Entry Level Stewardship selector with options that are also available under Higher Level BGM 1 with Species Rich Cocksfoot + RC Stewardship Schemes and Countryside Stewardship Scheme. SRG with Wildﬂowers5%

Wildflowers SRG with 10% BGM 1 with AB3 GS1 GS14 SW1 SW2 SW3 SW4 SW7 Cocksfoot SW4 SW7AB3 SW8SW1 WT1SW2 SW3 Countryside Stewardship Scheme Description SRG withWildflowers 15% AB3 SW1 SW2 SW3 SW8 WT1 WT2 Butterfly and CSS Higher Tier CSS Mid Tier CSS Code CSS Option Title Bumblebee Mix SW3AB3 SW4 GS1 SW7 SW1 SW8 SW2 Arable SW4 SW7 SW8 LegumeRich & Herb Mixture ✓ ✓

AB1 Nectar flower mixture AB3 SW1 SW2 SW3

SW8 WT1 WT2 WT1 SW8 SW2 SW3 SW4 SW7 SW7 SW4 SW3 SW2

WT2 SW1 GS14 GS8 AB8 GS3 SW1 SW2 SW3 ✓ ✓ AB2 Basic overwinter stubble SW4 Meadow Max AB3 SW1 SW2 SW3 SW4 SW7 SW8 WT1 WF1 WT1 WT2 WT2 ✓ ✓ AB3 Beetle banks SW4 SW7 SW8 GS8 GS14 SW1 SW2 SW3 SW4 SW7 SW8 WT1 WT2 ✓ ✓ AB7 Wholecrop cereals EC24 EE1 EE2 EE3 EE9 GS8 GS14 SW1 SW2 EC24 EE1 EE2 EE3 EE8 SW3 SW4 SW7 SW8 ENVIRONMENTAL 22 ✓ ✓ AB8 Flower-rich margins & plots WT1 WT2 WT1 WT2 Italian Catch Crop AB8 GS8 GS14 EC24 EE1 EE2 EE3 EE8 GS8 GS14 SW1 SW2 SW3 SW4 SW7 SW8 Wild Bird Seed Mixtures ✓ ✓ AB9 Winter bird food Pollen & Nectar EC24 EE1 EE2 EE3 EE8 WT1 WT2 ✓ ✓ AB13 Brassica fodder crop GS1 GS4 GS14 SW1 Bespoke Mixture with Grass SW2 SW3 SW4 SW7 SW8 WT1 WT2 Packed to Order ✓ ✓ AB15 Two year sown legume fallow EC24 EE1 EE2 EE3 EE8 ✓ ✓ AB16 Autumn sown bumblebird mix SW1 SW2 SW3 SW4 See ForageMax EE9 EF7 SW7 SW8 WT1 WT2

AB3 GS1 GS8 GS14 SW1 EE9 GS3

EE12 EF1 EE12 EC24 EE1 EE2 EE3 EE9 EE9 EE3 EE2 EE1 EC24 EC24 EK20 EE1 EE2 EE3 Grassland EE7 EE8 EE9 EE9 EJ9 EC24 EE1 EE2 EE3 EE9 Brochure alternatives for more EE9 EF7 EJ9 EF7 EJ9 ✓ ✓ GS1 Take field corners out of field management Nectar Rich Gold SW2 SW3 SW4 SW7 EC24 EE1 EE2 EE3 EE9 EF1 ✓ ✓ GS3 Ryegrass seed-set as winter food for birds EC24 EE1 EE2 EE3 EE9 EF1 Phacelia EF1 HE10 EC24 EE1 EE2 EE3 EE9 ✓ ✓ GS4 Legume and herb-rich swards EE1 EE2 EE3 EE9 GS3 ✓ GS8 Creation of species-rich grassland EE12 HE10 Buffer EK21 EC24 EC24 EE3 EE8 EE9 EF1 Stri ✓ GS14 Creation of grassland for target features ps Flower Rich AB1 EK20 EJ2 EJ10 Mustard Organic EG1 HE10 Margin Mixture h ✓ ✓ OP1 Overwintered stubble AB8 GS8 WT1 WT2 ic EJ2 EJ5 EK20 EF4 s AB2 AB7 ✓ ✓ OP2 Wild bird seed mixture R e EJ13 EC24 EE1 EE2 EE3 r r Fodder Radish ✓ ✓ OP4 Multi-species ley a u The EE8 EE9 EE12 EF1 t t EF6 EF22 EJ10 EJ13 AB2 AB7 x ✓ ✓ OP5 Undersown cereal c i

AB15 GS8 SW1 SW2 SW3 e s EF6 EF22 Legume & Fallow EC24 M Stewardship Soil and Water SW4 WT1 WT2 EE1 EE2 EE3 EE7 EE8 EE9 N p EF6 EF22 EJ10 EJ13 AB2 AB7 Kwik Fix o B ✓ ✓ SW1 4-6 m buffer strip on cultivated land r r EJ13 Scheme C a ✓ ✓ SW2 4-6m buffer strip on intensive grassland AB13 s r EJ10 EJ13 ✓ SW3 In-field grass strips Kale s e ✓ ✓ AB13 ic Selector v EJ10 EJ13 Vetch SW4 12-24m watercourse buffer strip on cultivated land a o ✓ ✓ SW5 Enhanced management of maize crops s C EJ10 EJ13 ✓ ✓ SW6 Winter cover crops Forage Rape AB13 S W EJ10 EJ13 e ild Forage Rye ✓ ✓ SW7 Arable reversion to grassland with low fertiliser input ed Bir cs EJ10 EJ13 ✓ ✓ SW8 Management of intensive grassland adjacent to a watercourse AB13 M d ni EF6 EF22 i rga SW5 SW6 EF2 xtu O Wetlands Swedes res OF6 OG1 AB13 OF2 Barley ✓ ✓ WT1 Buffering in-field ponds and ditches in improved grassland SW5 SW6 ✓ ✓ WT2 Buffering in-field ponds and ditches in arable land OF4 OE1 OE2 OE3 OE8 OE9 OE12 OF1 OF7 OG1 OJ2 AB13 OJ5 OJ9 OJ13 OK20 OK21 ELS & HLS Description Stubble Turnips EJ13 SW5 SW6 EJ13 OELS HF12 N-Rich ELS Code HLS Code Code* ELS & HLS Description AB13

Options for trees and woodland Winter Graze AB9 EC24 Hedgerow tree buffer strips on cultivated land OP1 Revival Options for buffer strips AB9 AB9 OP2 EE1 OE1 2m Buffer strips on cultivated land AB9 N-Hance EE2 OE2 4m Buffer strips on cultivated land Rapid Root AB9 Spring Oilseed EE3 OE3 6m Buffer strips on cultivated land OP5 AB9 EE8 OE8 Buffering in-field ponds in arable land OP4 EE9 OE9 6m buffer strips on intensive grassland next to a watercourse Zoom AB16 Organic Mustard HE10 Floristically enhanced grass buffer strips (non-rotational) Rape EE12 OE12 Supplement to add wildflowers to field corners & buffer strips Organic Wild Bird Options for arable land Selector WBS 1, 2, 3, 4 EF1 OF1 Management of field corners EF2 OF2 Wild bird seed mixture Key: EF4 OF4 Nectar flower mixture Northern WBS 1 Organic Nectar Seed Mix M OrganoMax 70% EF6 OF6 Overwintered stubble EF7 OF7 Beetle banks Decoy Mix Flower Mix Ask for special Dual Purpose HF12 Enhanced wild birdseed mix plots (rotational or non- rotational) requirements mix tailored EF22 Extended overwintered stubble Feed & Cover Mix I Options to encourage a range of crop types to your Partridge Mix EG1 OG1 Under sown spring cereals L E Options to protect soil and water WBA 1 WBA 2

Bespoke mix EJ2 OJ2 Management of maize crops to reduce soil erosion packed to order EJ5 OJ5 In-field grass areas to prevent erosion and run-off EJ9 OJ9 12m buffer strips for watercourses on culitvated land. EJ10 Enhanced mgmt. of maize crops to reduce soil erosion & run off DISCLAIMER: Any information provided in this table is given in EJ13 OJ13 Winter cover crops Options for grassland outside the severely disadvantaged areas (SDAs) good faith and to the best of our knowledge. If you would like EK20 OK20 Ryegrass seed-set as winter/ spring food for birds further advice please contact your local Natural England Advisor. EK21 OK21 Legume and herb-rich swards * Use only organic seed mixes on OELS-eligible land. Where this is not possible, you must this is not possible, Where seed mixes on OELS-eligible land. * Use only organic for a derogation. Inspection body contact your Organic Wild Bird Seed Mixtures 23 ENVIRONMENTAL

TAND TS IN U G O ★ ★ 2016 SPRING SOWN MIXTURES PRODUCT NORTHERN SPRING SOWN MIXTURES OF THE YEAR WBS 1 WBS 2 WBS 3 WBS 4 Northern WBS 1 Northern WBS 2 Northern WBS 2 (AB9) 1 Year Spring Sown (AB9) 1 - 2 Year Spring Sown (AB9) 1 Year Spring Sown (AB9) 1 Year Spring Sown (AB9) 1 Year Spring Sown 2 Year Spring Sown - Non cereal Attracts Tree Sparrows Attracts Grey Partridge Attracts Finches & Buntings Attracts Finches & Buntings 60% Spring Triticale 55% Spring Triticale 60% Spring Triticale 30.25% Spring Barley 60% Spring Triticale 50% Spring Triticale 33% Kale 30% Spring Barley 25% Spring Barley 20% Spring Barley 25% Spring Triticale 20% Spring Barley 20% Spring Barley 33% Quinoa 5% White Millet 7% Kale 8% White Millet 15% Spring Wheat 8% Linseed 10% Kale 17% Red Clover 2% Red Millet 4% Fodder Radish 6% Linseed 8.25% Dwarf Sorghum 4% Mustard 10% Quinoa 17% Sweet Clover 2% White Mustard 4% White Millet 3% Japanese Reed Millet 7% White Millet 4% Forage Rape 5% Red Clover 100% 1% Fodder Radish 3% Quinoa 3% Red Millet 5% Linseed 3% Phacelia 5% Sweet Clover Sowing Rate 10 - 12kg/ha 100% 2% Red Millet 100% 4% Japanese Reed Millet 1% Fodder Radish 100% Pack size 5kg 100% 2.75% Red Millet 100% Sowing Rate 40kg/ha Sowing Rate 40kg/ha 2.75% Gold of Pleasure Sowing Rate 40kg/ha Pack size 20kg Sowing Rate 40kg/ha Pack size 20kg Sowing Rate 40kg/ha Pack size 20kg This small seed element of 100% Pack Size 20kg Pack size 20kg WBS 2 without cereals has been formulated for those Sowing Rate 40kg/ha OUTSTANDING PRODUCT OF THE YEAR who have access to home Pack size 20kg grown cereals. Everyone’s WBS 3 & WBS 4 - Herbicide tolerant, but please discuss with your agronomist for Treatment Various talking about it! current specific products and recommendations. ORGANIC WILD BIRD SEED ORGANIC WILD BIRD SEED

MIXTURE 1 NEW FORMIXTURE 2 AUTUMN SOWN MIXTURES Other mixtures that also may be suitable for AB9: 1 Year Spring Sown 20171 - 2 Year Spring Sown WBA 1 WBA 2 Autumn Sown Bumblebird Mixture Decoy Mixture – page 19 70% Organic Spring Wheat/Barley 70% Organic Spring Wheat/Barley 1 Year Autumn Sown (AB16) 2 Year Autumn Sown Partridge Mixture – page 20 20% Spring Triticale 10% Spring Triticale NEW Feed & Cover Mixture – page 20 5% White Millet RECIPE 7% Kale 40% Winter Triticale 28% Winter Triticale 8% Winter Vetch 2.5% Red Clover 2% Red Millet 2017 4% Fodder Radish 30% Winter Barley 25% Winter Barley 5% Crimson Clover 0.5% Black Knapweed (N) For ELS & HLS these mixtures 2% White Mustard 4% White Millet 20% Winter Vetch 10% Fodder Radish 5% Gold of Pleasure 0.5% Wild Carrot (N) must be agreed with the local 1% Fodder Radish 3% Quinoa 10% Forage Rape 10% Birdsfoot Trefoil 5% Kale 0.5% Oxeye Daisy (N) Natural England Advisor before 100% 2% Red Millet 100% 100% 100% ordering seed. Sowing Rate 40kg/ha Sowing Rate 40kg/ha Sowing Rate 40kg/ha Pack size 20kg Sowing Rate 40kg/ha Pack Size 20kg Pack Size 20kg (N) = Native Seed Pack size 20kg “Our special Wildlife Trust mixture, designed by DLF provides nectar and pollen throughout the entire growing season to suit the palates of wild pollinators including hoverflies, flower beetles, solitary wasps and bees, bumble bees, butterflies and moths. Even if your farm does not rely on pollinators the planting will also benefit insects which eat crop pests. The mix is best planted in a warm aspect in proximity to other habitats and nesting sites e.g. hedges and field margins, will last 2 years and is suited to all farm types. Small areas carefully placed will go a long way, provide seed for birds in the winter and a boost to soil fertility for subsequent plantings.”

Caroline Corsie, Worcestershire Wildlife Trust, October 2016

ENVIRONMENTAL 24 Buffer Strip Mixtures Nectar Rich Mixtures

NEW FOR 2017 BUFFER STRIPS MIXTURES HERBAL MIXTURES NEW FALLOW MIXTURES RECIPE BGM 1 with Cocksfoot BGM 2 no Cocksfoot BGM 3 with BGM 4 with 2017 Species-Rich Grass Mixed Herbs 30% Creeping Red Fescue 25% Creeping Red Fescue Cocksfoot and Clover Wildflowers (SRG)* 27.5% Sheeps Burnet Fallow Mixture No.1 20% Hard Fescue 20% Hard Fescue 25% Creeping Red Fescue & Fine Grasses (AB8) 20% SSMG 27.5% Sheeps Parsley 50% Late Perennial Ryegrass 20% Tall Fescue 20% Chewings Fescue 20% Hard Fescue 25% Chewings Fescue 20% Creeping Red Fescue 25% Sainfoin (tetraploid) 15% Cocksfoot 20% Tall Fescue 15% Timothy 20% Hard Fescue 20% Meadow Fescue 10% Ribwort Plantain 35% Late Perennial Ryegrass 15% Timothy 15% Timothy 15% Cocksfoot 15% Slender Red Fescue 20% Browntop Bent 5% Chicory (diploid) 100% 100% 15% Tall Fescue 15% Creeping Red Fescue 10% Sheeps Fescue 5% Yarrow 10% Timothy Sowing rate 20kg/ha Sowing rate 20kg/ha 5% Birdsfoot Trefoil 5% Sainfoin 10% Hard Fescue 100% 5% White Clover Blend Pack size 20kg Pack size 20kg 5% Small White Clover 4% SSMG 100% Sowing rate Variable 100% 4% Crested Dogstail 100% Pack size 20kg Pack size 1kg Sowing rate 30 - 35 kg/ha Sowing rate 20kg/ha 3.5% Winter Vetch BGM 1 RC Red Clover BGM 2 RC Red Clover 2.5% Red Clover Pack size 20kg Species-Rich Wild Flowers Legume & Herb Rich Mixture (GS4) Fallow Mixture No.2 and Cocksfoot no Cocksfoot 2% Browntop Bent (SRWF)* Native 25% Late Perennial Ryegrass 50% Late Perennial Ryegrass 25% Creeping Red Fescue 25% Creeping Red Fescue 1% Birdsfoot Trefoil 20% Hard Fescue 20% Hard Fescue BGM 5 with Ryegrass 15% Black Medick (N) 20% Meadow Fescue (tetraploid) 1% Black Medick TAND (GS3) 15% Black Knapweed (N) 15% Timothy TS IN 40% Late Perennial Ryegrass 20% Tall Fescue 20% Chewings Fescue U G 0.5% Ox-eye Daisy (N) O (diploid) 15% Timothy 15% Timothy Ryegrass seed set as winter 10% Self Heal (N) 10% SSMG ★ 0.5% Wild Carrot (N) ★ food for birds 10% Ribwort Plantain (N) 10% Creeping Red Fescue 2016 10% Timothy 15% Cocksfoot 15% Tall Fescue 0.5% Yarrow 8% Ox-eye Daisy (N) 10% Red Clover MIXTURE 100% 5% Red Clover 5% Red Clover 40% Italian Ryegrass 0.25% Black Knapweed (N) OF THE YEAR 8% Common Sorrel (N) 5.6% Sainfoin 100% 100% 30% Inter. Perennial Ryegrass 0.25% Ribwort Plantain 1% Lucerne (inoculated) Sowing rate 30 - 35 kg/ha 8% Red Campion (N) Sowing rate 20 kg/ha Sowing rate 20 kg/ha 30% Late Perennial Ryegrass 1% Birdsfoot Trefoil 100% 6% Yellow Rattle (N) Pack size 20kg Pack size 20kg 100% 1% Sheeps Burnet Sowing rate 16 - 20kg/ha 6% Kidney Vetch (N) Fallow Mixture No.3 Sowing rate 35kg/ha 0.5% Ribwort Plantain Pack size 20kg 6% Lady’s Bedstraw (N) 55% Late Perennial Ryegrass Pack size 20kg 0.35% Black Knapweed (N) (tetraploid) 5% Field Scabious (N) 0.3% Sheeps Sorrel 40% Late Perennial Ryegrass 3% Yarrow (N) 0.25% Yarrow (N) = Native Seed (diploid) 100% 100% DLF Seeds Ltd. is a leading supplier of native provenance wild flowers. 5% White Clover Blend Pack size 1kg Sowing rate 16kg/ha We liaise with selected producers and growers to ensure our seed is sourced to the highest possible standard. 100% Pack size 20kg Sowing rate 30 - 35 kg/ha * Species-Rich Grass and Species-Rich Wild Flowers are available separately or as a mixture of grasses (SRG) and flowers (SRWF) together in the following ratios: OUTSTANDING PRODUCT OF THE YEAR 95% SRG with 5% SRWF • 90% SRG with 10% SRWF • 85% SRG with 15% SRWF Sowing Rate 16kg/ha Pack size 20kg Everyone’s talking about it! Bumblebee Conservation Trust supporting wild pollinators on your land

Bumblebees and solitary bees are very important pollinators of both commercial agricultural crops and wild flowers. Many UK species have declined in recent years due to habitat loss. Bumblebees rely on flower rich habitats from March to September to provide essential nectar resources for colony growth. They also require undisturbed tussocky grassland for nesting. There are a number of ways these habitats can be provided on arable and livestock farms, including planting pollen and nectar margins or wildflower buffer strips and implementing a more sensitive management regime; no/very light application of farm-yard manure, no chemical fertilizers, taking a late hay cut (Mid-July to August) allowing wildflowers to set seed and adopting a sensitive grazing regime. Details on how you may improve your land for bumblebees and other pollinators can be found in our series of land management fact sheets: www.bumblebeeconservation.org/get-involved.We can also offer tailored advice in our target areas. Please contact [email protected]. Buffer Strip Mixtures Nectar Rich Mixtures 25 ENVIRONMENTAL

NECTAR RICH MIXTURES NATIVE WILDFLOWER

Pollen & Nectar with Grass Nectar Rich Bronze Butterfly & Bumblebee Mixture WF1 Flower Rich Margin Mixture (AB8) Legume Fallow Mixture (AB15) MIXTURES Our range of Pro Flora Wild Flower mixtures 10% Meadow Fescue 50% Sainfoin 15% Creeping Red Fescue 42% Sainfoin 25% Slender Red Fescue Two Year will cater for most situations. We are 10% Tall Oat Grass 18% Winter Vetch 15% Hard Fescue 11% Red Clover 15% Hard Fescue 33% Inter Perennial Ryegrass always pleased to advise upon and produce 10% Cocksfoot 10.5% Alsike Clover 10% Sheeps Fescue 10% Birdsfoot Trefoil 12% Chewings Fescue 33% Late Perennial Ryegrass mixtures to suit individual specifications. 10% Timothy 10% Birdsfoot Trefoil 10% Browntop Bent 7% Winter Vetch 10% SSMG 15% Red Clover 1 Cornfield Annuals (N) 10% Tall Fescue 8.5% Red Clover 9% SSMG 6% Yarrow 10% Crested Dogstail 10% Winter Vetch 2 Acid Soils (N) 10% Sainfoin 3% Lucerne (inoculated) 6% Lucerne (inoculated) 5% Lucerne (inoculated) 5% Smaller Cats Tail 7% Birdsfoot Trefoil 3 Damp Loamy Soils (N) 8% Birdsfoot Trefoil 5% Rough Stalked Meadow Grass 4% Alsike Clover 3% Browntop Bent 2% Black Knapweed (N) 100% 4 Calcareous Soils (N) 6% Alsike Clover 5% Yorkshire Fog 4% Black Medick 3% Sainfoin Sowing rate 10 - 15kg/ha 100% 5 Wet Loamy Soils (N) 6% Winter Vetch 4% Kidney Vetch (N) 2% Ox-eye Daisy (N) 3% Winter Vetch Pack size 12kg NEW FOR Sowing rate 30 - 40kg/ha 5% Creeping Red Fescue 3% Tufted Hair Grass 2% Meadow Buttercup (N) 2.5% Birdsfoot Trefoil 6 Dry Loamy Soils (N) 2017 Pack size 20kg 5% Hard Fescue 3% Birdsfoot Trefoil 1.5% Black Knapweed (N) 2.5% Black Medick 7 Hedgerow & Light Shade (N) Nectar Rich Gold (AB1) 8 Legacy Country Meadow (N) 5% Red Clover 2% Agrimony (N) 1% Red Campion (N) 2% Red Clover Pro Flora 40% Sainfoin 4% Yellow Trefoil NEW 2% Winter Vetch 1% Musk Mallow 1% Black Knapweed (N) 9 Heritage General Purpose (N) 17% Winter Vetch RECIPE 0.5% Black Knapweed (N) 2% Ribwort Plantain 1% Wild Carrot (N) 1% Oxeye Daisy (N) 10 General Purpose (N) 11% Alsike Clover 2017 SOLAR 0.25% Musk Mallow 2% Sheeps Sorrel 1% Lady’s Bedstraw (N) 1% Ribwort Plantain 11 Woodland & Heavy Shade (N) 10% Red Clover 0.25% Ox-eye Daisy (N) 2% Red Clover 0.5% Field Poppy (N) 1% Yarrow MIXTURES 12 Water Margin & Pond Edges (N) 10% Birdsfoot Trefoil 1% Alsike Clover 0.5% Selfheal (N) 1% Wild Carrot (N) Our range of Solar Mixtures 110 General Purpose Economy (N) 100% 10% Lucerne (inoculated) 1% Phacelia 0.25% Salad Burnet 0.5% Sheeps Sorrel will cater for most situations. Sowing rate 20kg/ha 1.5% Black Knapweed (N) Pack size 1kg 1% Field Pansy (N) 0.25% Suckling Clover (N) 0.5% Meadow Buttercup (N) We are always pleased to Pack size 10kg 0.5% Musk Mallow advise. Please call for more 0.75% Devils Bit Scabious (N) 100% 0.5% Lady’s Bedstraw (N) information. 100% 0.5% Musk Mallow 0.25% Self Heal (N) Annual Nectar Mixture Sowing rate 5 - 10kg/ha ORGANIC MIXTURE Sowing rate 10 - 15kg /ha 0.5% Ox-eye Daisy (N) 0.25% Yellow Rattle (N) 25% Buckwheat Pack size 1kg Solar Mixture Organic Nectar Flower Mixture Pack size 12kg 0.25% Betony (N) 22% Sainfoin 100% Low Maintenance Grass 32.5% Organic Early English Winter Vetch 20% Phacelia 100% Sowing rate 20kg/ha 27.5% Organic Lucerne (inoculated) 10% Crimson Clover Sowing rate 16kg/ha Pack size 10kg & 20kg Solar Mixture 18% Sainfoin 10% Lucerne (inoculated) Pack size 1kg Pollen & Nectar 10% Organic Red Clover 8% Red Clover 6% Birdsfoot Trefoil 5% Alsike Clover (N) = Native Seed Solar Mixture 6% Alsike Clover 100% Floristically Enhanced DLF Seeds Ltd. is a leading supplier of native provenance wild flowers. 100% (Native) Sowing rate 10kg /ha We liaise with selected producers and growers to ensure our seed is sourced to the highest possible standard. Sowing rate 10 - 15kg/ha Pack size 5kg Pack size 10kg ENVIRONMENTAL 26 Basic Payment Scheme - England Basic Guide to EFA’s with Mixture Options

A Basic Payment Scheme (BPS) was introduced to replace the single payment scheme from 1st January 2015. BPS will make payments to farmers based on their ‘entitlements’ in much the Supporting same way as the existing scheme. In order to be eligible for BPS you need to be an active farmer, farmers to have at least 5 hectares and applications will need to be submitted online. The new scheme introduces a mandatory ‘greening element’ where 30% of the national funds available under help their direct payments will be dedicated to the delivery of practices to benefit the climate and the local wildlife environment. Farmers with certified organic land are exempt from all greening requirements on that land unless they choose not to be. Farm Wildlife provides farmers and advisers with Arable Diversification best practice guidance on helping wildlife on their Area Requirements farms and inspiring them to take action. Farm Wildlife guidance has been produced by a partnership of some Greening No crop diversification required Greening is made up of three elements. These are permanent grassland, crop diversification and ecological focus Less than 10 of the UK’s leading conservation organisations and the areas. Hectares farmers they work with. At least two different crops The 6 point plan to manage arable farms for wildlife 1. Permanent Grassland 10 hectares provides advice on how to enhance: Permanent grassland is defined as land out of rotation for more than 5 years. required. One crop cannot be to 30 hectares more than 75% of the arable area 1. Existing wildlife-rich areas 2. Field boundaries 2. Crop Diversification on arable land At least three different crops 3. Flower-rich habitats 4. Wet features This will apply to all farmers with over 10 hectares arable (who do not qualify for an exemption). Over 30 required. One crop cannot be 5. Seed-rich habitats 6. Cropped areas 3. Ecological Focus Area (EFA) more than 75% of total cropping hectares and two crops not more than Where arable land is more than 15 hectares, applicants must manage at least 5% of their arable area as EFA. 95% of the arable area. There are five different options to choose from, which can be mixed and matched to make up to 5%, but they must feature on or next to arable land. Each option has different weightings (according to the perceived environmental ‘Different crops’ means a culture of different genera benefit) and different management obligations. (or species in the case of brassicas). Winter and spring We have detailed our understanding of the ‘greening’ requirements for 2017 and suggest mixtures for Ecological crops of the same genus will be deemed different crops Focus Areas on the following page. and crops will include fallow land and temporary grass.

For the latest information see - www.gov.uk/cap-reform *Disclaimer – The information provided in this catalogue is given in good faith and to the best of our knowledge at the time of printing. Any advice should therefore be taken as a general guide and not replied upon for all conditions and circumstances. We cannot accept any legal liability for information given in this guide. For more information go to www.farmwildlife.info Basic Payment Scheme - England Basic Guide to EFA’s with Mixture Options 27 ENVIRONMENTAL

Buffer Strips Species Nectar Pollen & 1m Length Legume Must be next to or run parallel with a water course or on a slope leading to a water course. Rich BGM 1 & BGM 2 & Rich Nectar 2 and Herb BGM 3 BGM 4 BGM 5 = 9m Grass Gold or with Minimum width of 1 metre. Mixture BGM 1 RC BGM 2 RC The same buffer strips can be used to meet both greening and cross compliance rules. (1112m = 1ha) Mix Bronze Grass

Annual Pollen & ForageMax Fallow Land BGM 1 BGM 2 BGM 3 BGM 4 BGM 5 Nectar Nectar Grass Fallow Period 1st January to 30th June. Mixture with Grass Mixtures Minimum width 2m wide with a minimum area of 0.01ha. Wild Bird Mixtures & Nectar Rich 1m2 Mixtures encouraged. Temporary grass & buffer strips can be managed as fallow. Grass can be sown during the fallow period as long as there is no production during the fallow (1ha = 1ha) Nectar Nectar period. Fallow land can be mown as long as the cuttings are left on the land. Can utilise Northern Northern WBS 1 WBS 2 WBS 3 WBS 4 Rich Rich grass after fallow period. WBS 1 WBS 2 Gold Bronze Catch crops / Cover crops Catch crops established by 31st August and retained until at least 1st October. Cover crops established by 1st October and retained until 15th January. Must consist of a sown mix of 2 at least 2 different cover types (1 cereal & 1 non-cereal) that establishes quickly, achieves 0.3m Revival N-Rich N-Hance good ground cover and has different root depths. Crops to choose from are rye, oats, (3.3ha = 1ha) Cover Mixture Cover Mixture Cover Mixture barley, phacelia, mustard, vetch, radish and Lucerne. The list does not include crops that would usually be grazed. Minimum area 0.01ha. Grass can also be used, but it must be undersown in the previous crop and established. Nitrogen Fixing Crops An eligible list of leguminous crops has been published e.g. beans and peas. Pasture 2 Peas Red & Alsike & Yellow 0.7m Birdsfoot Black legumes also qualify, a detailed list has been published e.g. lucerne and red clover & Vetch White Crimson Lucerne Sainfoin Blossom Trefoil Medick Legumes with grass cannot be counted. Must be in the ground 1st May – 30th June. (1.4ha = 1ha) Beans Clover Clover Clover Minimum plot size 0.01ha.

Hedges 1m Length Hedges need to be next to arable land. 2 Minimum length 20 metres, with no minimum height or width. = 10m Newly planted hedges eligible. (1km = 1ha) ENVIRONMENTAL 28 Countryside Stewardship Glastir Welsh Environmental Scheme

Countryside Stewardship (CSS) provides The new scheme will help: Countryside Stewardship has 3 main elements: Campaign for the Farmed Environment incentives for land managers to look after their • WILDLIFE AND NATURE 1. HIGHER TIER (Similar to current Higher Level Stewardship) (CFE) and Greening Measures By restoring habitats, protecting hedges, providing food The Higher Tier is for the most environmentally important environment. CSS is open to all eligible farmers, Under the CAP reform package there is a need to demonstrate and nesting resources for birds, insects and other animals sites and woodlands. These will usually be in places that woodland owners, foresters and land managers that farmers are prepared do more than the minimum through a competitive application process. It and creating farmed areas for rare flowering plants need complex management such as habitat restoration, required, ahead of the future reviews which will look to see • POLLINATORS woodland creation or tailored measures for priority how effective the Greening measures have been. will replace Environmental Stewardship, The species English Woodland Grant Scheme and capital By providing pollen and nectar sources and nesting CFE encourages farmers to implement more environmental places. Farmers will be able to provide the right resources 2. MID TIER (Replaces Entry Level Stewardship) grants from the Catchment Sensitive Farming. measures voluntarily, whilst demonstrating the benefits for pollinators where they are most needed The Mid Tier aims to address widespread environmental for enhancing Ecological Focus Areas (EFA’s) to benefit the This new scheme will be delivered by Natural • FORESTRY issues, such as reducing diffuse water pollution or environment without impacting on the business. The key England, the Forestry Commission and the By funding the planting of new trees and supporting the improving the farmed environment for farmland birds messages are to retain and take pride in what you have Rural Payments Agency. management of woodlands and pollinators. Applicants will be encouraged to choose already done and enhance your EFA’s wherever possible. options that help achieve the environmental priorities If you have an expiring Stewardship agreement it is probably The main priority for Countryside Stewardship • WATER/FLOODING that are important in their wider area. This means that Making water cleaner and reducing risk of flooding by worth retaining the options as they are already established is biodiversity and water quality. The scheme environmental benefit will not just be on individual and are probably on less productive areas of the farm. supporting changes to farming practice such as crop holdings but more widespread This is particularly relevant with current crop prices and will also help to improve: flood management, management, improving infrastructure and creating growing costs not going in the same direction. Retaining the historic environment, landscape character, woodland 3. LOWER TIER (Capital Grants) The Lower Tier targets grants for improving water quality, buffer strips will help the environment and make fieldwork genetic conservation, educational access and easier. Established options, that help birds and pollinators climate change adaptation and mitigation. It hedges and boundaries, tree health issues and woodland management plans whilst helping wildlife, can be used as EFA fallow options. will be more targeted and focused than previous Awkward corners, wet areas and small fields used for these schemes. Both Higher and Mid Tier agreements fallow options with good management will deliver substantial will use the same ‘targeted’ approach as benefit for wildlife and the environment. For the latest information see www.gov.uk/cap-reform Existing Entry or Higher Level Stewardship Schemes (ELS and current Higher Level Stewardship agreements. HLS) options may also be used towards your EFA requirement through the fallow or buffer strip options as well as cover crop management. Check that the management requirements of both schemes are met. ELS’s that started after 1st January 2012 may be affected by double funding and Natural England will have written to you explaining the choices.

Campaign for the Farmed Environment T: 024 7685 8892 E: [email protected] www.cfeonline.org.uk Countryside Stewardship Glastir Welsh Environmental Scheme 29 ENVIRONMENTAL

Glastir is the All-Wales Agri-Environment Scheme introduced by the Welsh Assembly Government. Glastir will ensure that future environmental Option 32 Plant unsprayed root crops on It is a 5 year whole farm sustainable land management scheme available to farmers and land challenges can be met by: improved grass and arable land managers across Wales. Since 2012 it has replaced the four existing agri-environment schemes, • COMBATING CLIMATE CHANGE • White Turnips - see stubble turnip varieties Tir Gofal, Tir Cynnal, Tir Mynydd and the Organic Farming Schemes. • IMPROVING WATER MANAGEMENT and green globe turnips on page 34 • MAINTAINING AND ENHANCING BIODIVERSITY It is designed to deliver measurable outcomes at both a farm • Swedes - see page 37 and landscape level in a cost effective way. • Fodder Beet - see page 36 Glastir consists of three elements: • Soft yellow turnips 1. ALL-WALES ELEMENT (AWE) • Hardy yellow turnips A whole farm land management scheme which is open to application from all farmers and land managers throughout Wales. It is designed to provide support for the delivery of environmental benefits that meet today’s challenges and priorities. Successful applicants will make a commitment to deliver environmental goods for Option 33 Establish a wildlife cover crop five years under a legally binding contract. on improved grass and arable land 2. TARGETED ELEMENT (TE) For mixture options see WBS 1, WBS 2 and A part farm scheme intended to deliver significant improvements to the environmental status of a range of WBS 3 on page 23, Partridge Mixture page 20. habitats, species, soils and water that might also require changes to current agricultural practices. In order to These mixtures are designed to provide both achieve these specific improvements and outcomes, nesting sites and a food source for overwintering financial support from the Welsh Government will be species such as tree sparrow, finches, buntings, targeted at locations where action will lead to the required skylark, grey partridge, yellowhammer and result. barn owl. 3. COMMON LAND ELEMENT (CLE) Designed to provide support for the delivery of environmental benefits on common land. Scottish Rural Development Programme Basic Payment Scheme - Scotland

ENVIRONMENTAL 30 The 2020 Challenge for Scotlands Biodiversity (2014 - 2020) A guide to EFAs with mixture options

SCOTTISH RURAL DEVELOPMENT Management Options Greening PROGRAMME Under the CAP reform, it is mandatory for applicants to the BPS to comply with greening requirements, where The support provided for the development of Unharvested conservation headland relevant on their land. Farmers with certified organic rural areas is delivered by the SRDP (Pillar 2 of for wildlife land are exempt from all greening requirements on the EU CAP). It includes Less Favoured Areas, that land unless they choose not to be. Crofting, Forestry and the Agri-Environment Wild bird seed for Farmland Birds Climate Schemes which are designed to Forage Brassicas for Farmland Birds Greening is made up of three basic elements: protect and improve the natural environment while addressing the impact of climate change. Stubbles followed by green manure 1. Permanent Grass The Agri-Environment Scheme offers in rotation This is defined as land out of rotation for more than 5 years farmers and land managers many options for Creation of Beetle Banks, Water margins increasing the biodiversity and environmental and grass strips 2. Crop Diversification on arable land performance of their land. The scheme (includes temporary grass) promotes land management practices which Creation of Species Rich Grassland protect and enhance Scotland’s magnificent Often referred to as the “3 crop rule” natural heritage, improve water quality, manage flood risk and mitigate and adapt to Wild bird seed, wild flower mixtures, grass margin 3. Ecological Focus Areas (EFA) climate change. mixtures for many purposes and Species Rich grass Depending on acreages and make up of different mixtures are all detailed on pages 23, 24 and 25 of this crops, most farmers must manage a weighted 5% It will also help to improve public access and brochure. Brassica crops that would benefit farmland of their arable land as EFA. The weightings reflect preserve historic sites. birds can be found on pages 33 to 39. Green cover the perceived environmental benefits and they are described on page 31, along with the different A total of £350 million will be available between crops for sowing into stubbles can be found on pages 40 to 43, of this brochure. management obligations. 2015 and 2020 to fund a range of activities that help to maintain and enhance our rich and varied natural environment

For the latest information see - www.gov.scot/topics/farmingrural/agriculture Pillar 1 support is provided through the Basic *Disclaimer – The information provided in this catalogue is given in good faith and to the best of our knowledge at the time of printing. Any advice should therefore be taken Payment Scheme (BPS) direct to farmers. as a general guide and not replied upon for all conditions and circumstances. We cannot accept any legal liability for information given in this guide. Basic Payment Scheme - Scotland

A guide to EFAs with mixture options 31 ENVIRONMENTAL

Fallow Land (EFAFAL) Scottish Government Basic Payment Scheme – Greening EFA BGM 3 Fallow Fallow Period 15th January to 15th July . No agricultural production between these dates. Wild bird mixtures & BGM 1 & BGM2 & Northern WBS Nectar rich mixtures encouraged. Basal fertiliser may be applied to aid establishment and ground cover. After the Weighting & Mixture BGM 1 RC BGM 2 RC WBS 1 1, 2 & 3 fallow period is over grass may be cut or grazed. After the 16th July, plan ahead for next year and establish a late 1.0 BGM 4 1, 2 & 3 heading mixture for 2018.

Buffer Strips (EFABUF) Scottish Government Basic Payment Scheme – Greening BGM 1 BGM 2 Species EFA WBS Any Period is 1st January to 31st December. Must be next to or run parallel with a water course or water body. Must be & & Rich Northern between 2m and 20m wide. Must not graze the buffer, but you may cut and remove hay or silage. You should be Weighting BGM 3 BGM 4 1, 2, Grass BGM 1 BGM 2 Grass WBS 1 sympathetic to ground nesting birds by avoiding the nesting period. Wild flower, wild bird seed and normal grass 3 & 4 Mixture 1.5 RC RC Mix seed mixtures may be established.

BGM 1 BGM 2 Species Field Margins (EFAFM) Scottish Government Basic Payment Scheme – Greening EFA WBS Any & & Rich Northern Period is 1st January to 31st December. They should be around the margin of a field or split 2 crops within a field. Weighting BGM 3 BGM 4 1, 2, Grass Must be between 1m and 20 m wide. You must not cut or graze the margin. Basal fertiliser may be used to aid Grass WBS 1 BGM 1 BGM 2 3 & 4 Mixture establishment of ground cover.Wild flower, wild bird seed and normal grass mixtures may be established. 1.5 RC RC Mix

Catch Crops (EFACC) Scottish Government Basic Payment Scheme – Greening EFA Italian Any Establish the crop between 1st March and 1st October. The only catch crop you can grow will be a cereal nurse Weighting Catch Crop crop with undersown grass. It should be a recognised grass seed mixture. The catch crop must be retained until Grass Mixture Mixture at least the 31st December. You may graze the catch crop after harvest of the main crop. 0.3

Green Cover (EFAGC) Scottish Government Basic Payment Scheme – Greening EFA Establish the green cover crop between 1st March and 1st October inclusive. Maintain the green cover up to 31st Weighting N – Rich N – Hance Revival Buster N – Retain December inclusive. Incorporate the green cover as a soil conditioner before sowing next crop. It must be a mixture Cover Mix Cover Mix Cover Mix Cover Mix Cover Mix of 2 or more of the following; Barley, clover, lucerne, mustard, oats, phacelia, radish, rye, triticale and vetch. 0.3

Nitrogen Fixing Crops (EFANFIX) Scottish Government Basic Payment Scheme – Greening EFA Yellow Red & Alsike & You must ensure that all EFA nitrogen-fixing crops are surrounded by a claimed EFA field margin. Therefore you can Peas & Birdsfoot Weighting Blossom White Crimson Lucerne Vetch not graze the margin of the field after harvest. You cannot harvest before 1st August to protect ground nesting birds. Beans Trefoil You must grow 2 of the following; beans, birdsfoot trefoil, chickpea, clover (all types), lentils, lucerne, lupins, peas 0.7 Clover Clover Clover and vetch (they should be grown independently of each other). BIOGAS 32 Biogas Crops

Over recent years interest has increased MAIZE SILAGE BEET GRASS SILAGE in the production of crops for Anaerobic Maize is a well-known source of biogas, having the Beet is the preferred option for ‘feeding’ anaerobic Grass is an extremely versatile crop; it is a good source digestion plants. advantages of a high methane yield per acre and being digesters adapting well to many soil and climate types. of material for feeding anaerobic digesters, good for crop relatively easy to store. It has the highest yield potential amongst all other arable rotation, good for the environment and also adapts well to crops and also has the highest dry matter. Due to its many different soil and climate types. It can be planted in the The advantages are: When choosing varieties, high dry matter and high yields are higher levels of sugar it has a shorter retention time in the autumn after a beet or maize crop and be ready for a silage the major considerations; however yields of ME and starch • Replacement of fossil fuels digester than other crops which have a higher lignin and cut in the spring. should also be taken into account. cellulose content. However storage is more difficult than for • Reduction of emissions of greenhouse gases High yielding species such as tall fescue and advanced Dry matter at harvest is vitally important. For efficient other crops. • Reduced impact of slurry grasses together with red clover have a very high yield ensiling the maize needs to achieve a dry matter content When selecting a variety, yield is of primary importance potential and they can in many situations compete with • Less leaching of nitrogen of between 30% and 32%. Some of the ultra high yielding but cleanliness of the roots should also be considered. maize. Grass and grass plus clover work very well in an varieties grown on the continent for Biogas may not reach • Less odour Varieties with a smooth root and low dirt tare should anaerobic digester mixed with slurry, thus improving the this maturity in the UK climate. • Conversion of waste and reducing the need be chosen and for this reason Enermax is the perfect choice. yield of gas. for landfill Close cropping of energy beet should be avoided or a build Grass is a perennial crop with a good environmental profile, Production of Biogas is increased when an energy dense RYE up of rhizomania or beet cyst nematode can occur - the crop improving crop rotation and bringing long term benefits to substrate is used to supplement slurry. should not be grown more often than one in three years on soil fertility. Rye has become very popular in the UK in recent years. We the same ground. To this end crops can be used as an alternative to waste have varieties being tested against hybrid, conventional and with the added advantage of not requiring a waste disposal forage rye types. We hope to have a comparison table in the DLF have a dedicated breeding programme for Energy Beets. Contact licence. 2018 brochure using these trial results. us for more information For a farmer developing a biogas plant, high output crops are a necessity. Also, for the grower with a plant in the neighbourhood, biogas cropping represents a useful source of income. Maize silage Beet Grass silage Comparison Yield, tonnes dry matter/ha 11 13 11,5 NEW The criteria for suitable crops are: RECIPE of gas % dry matter 33 20 33 • High yield of DM per hectare yield from 2016 % ash in dry matter 3 8 10 • High gas potential different • Low costs for growing and handling crops Nm3 methane/tonnes organic matter 352 435 307 • Ease of management and storage Comparison of gas yield from different crops. Based on budget estimates from VFL DK. Søren Ugilt Larsen, Agrotech DK 2010 and 2011 Biogas Crops Forage Crops Selector 33 TEXT FORAGE CROPS

Forage crops provide an Suggested Guide to Average Sowing Rate Average Average Seedbed Fertiliser extremely cost effective way of Page Pack kg per Hectare Sowing Date Utilisation Drill Row Crop (kg) ha supplementing livestock rations No. Size Guide Period Depth Width during times when fodder may be Broadcast Direct Drill cm cm NPK

scarce, during dry spells in summer 10kg & April - mid Stubble Turnip 34 7.5 5 June to December 1 - 2 n/a 75 40 40 and the cold winter months. They 25kg September will supply substantial quantities Main Crop Turnip 34 2kg 5 2.5 - 3.5 May - July October to January 1 - 2 n/a 40 80 100 of palatable material at relatively 10kg & May - end of low production costs, balancing 35 10 6 July to December 1 - 2 n/a 20 40 40 Forage Rape 25kg September the amount of bought-in feed 1 acre Precision drill 36 (50,000 - March - May October to March 2.5 - 3 50 - 60 110 50 50 required. Fodder Beet 50,000 seed/acre seeds) Precision drill 150- 45 - 70 500g ICON KEY 37 5 350g/acre grade H April - June August to March 1 - 2 graded 40 80 100 Swede & 1kg Contact Direct drill 1 40 natural us for more information Kale 38 1kg 7.5 2.5 - 4.5 April -July September to March 1 - 2 50 100 50 120

LIFTING CATTLE SHEEP CULINARY GRAZING GRAZING USE Mid April - mid 39 5kg 8.5 6 July to December 1 - 2 n/a 60 50 50 Rapid Root Mixture September Stock should be introduced gradually NEW Mid July - mid Post Christmas RECIPE 39 5kg 8.5 6 1 - 2 n/a 60 50 50 over a two week period and an area of Winter Graze Mixture September grazing 2016 grassland should be available for animals to return to; water and hay or straw should also be made available. Please contact your supplier for further guidance. DISCLAIMER These tables are given in good faith and intended for general guidance only. Weather, local conditions and crop rotations must always be taken into account. FORAGE CROPS 34 Turnips Forage Rape

Stubble Turnips are a fast growing Bulbing types Non Bulbing types Main Crop Turnip catch crop, popular with livestock farmers. They may be sown after first cut Later maturing than stubble turnips and silage for summer grazing or after winter BARKANT TYFON with higher dry matter, higher yields cereals for autumn usage. When planting A winter hardy, highly digestible variety with high dry matter. A leafy, fast growing cross between Chinese cabbage and Produces large tankard shaped roots which are palatable by both stubble turnip. It exhibits high frost resistance and can be and better winter hardiness. They have a large acreage it is advisable to stagger sheep and cattle. This is a proven and reliable stubble turnip. utilised within eight to ten weeks after sowing. There is a growing period of 12 – 15 weeks and sowing dates, increasing the seed rate potential for regrowth. Sowing rate 5 - 7.5kg/ha provide excellent autumn and early winter in dry conditions. If being used for dairy Pack sizes 10kg & 25kg Sowing rate 5 - 7.5kg/ha Treatment Untreated Pack size 5kg feed for sheep and cattle. cow grazing it is important to take into Treatment Thiram consideration the distance between the VOLLENDA (Tetraploid) NEW FOR field and the milking parlour. Strip grazing AVALON LEAFY TURNIP 2017 A large leafed, highly digestible variety with good GREEN GLOBE is advisable if possible to limit wastage. early vigour and good disease resistance. It retains its Avalon is a very leafy turnip that can be sown in spring or autumn Green Globe turnips produce soft, easily eaten roots that are There are two types of stubble turnip: palatability throughout the season, and is noted for its yield, for forage production these leafy turnipsNEW can be grazed after well anchored into the ground, suitable for grazing by all just 6-8 weeks. Avalon also has a veryRECIPE high dry matter yield. bulbing (see Barkant and Vollenda) and non speed of growth and bolting resistance. 2017 types of stock. They will provide a very high fresh yield from Sowing rate 5 - 7.5kg/ha large bulbs and are utilised between October and January, bulbing (see Tyfon and Avalon). Sowing rate 5 - 7.5kg/ha Pack sizes 10kg & 25kg Pack size 10kg & 25kg preferably strip grazed to reduce waste. Treatment Untreated Organic Stubble Turnips available in 25kg packs (Limited) Treatment Untreated Sowing rate Drill 2.5 - 3.5kg/ha Broadcast 5kg/ha Pack size 2kg Stubble Turnips Yield and Feed Quality Variety Barkant Vollenda(T) Tyfon Treatment Thiram Average dry matter yield 3.5 - 4.5 tonnes/ha Relative Yield of Dry Matter 104 102 102 Sow Late May to July Average fresh yields 38 – 45 tonnes/ha Dry Matter Content (%) 9.5 9.7 8.9 Root Size (9=large 1=small) 4 5 2 Crude protein 17 - 18% (mainly leaves) Root Anchorage (9=good 1=poor) 5 4 6 Digestibility value 68 - 70% Bolting Resistance (early sown) (9=good 1=poor) 6 9 3 Dry matter 8 - 9% Winter Hardiness (9=good 1=poor) 7 7 5 Metabolisable energy 11MJ/kg DM Club Root (9=good 1=poor) 7 8 5 Sugars in DM 55% Powdery Mildew Resistance (9=good 1=poor) 5 5 3 Source: NIAB Turnips root mixtures). benefits ofthesecrops(seepage39for andkaletocombinethemany turnips Forage Rapecanbemixedwithstubble wastage. It is better to strip graze to avoid excessive the autumnandissuperbforflushingewes. Forage rape extends thegrazing seasonin for fatteninglambsintheautumn/winter. planted inthespring, itisalsosuitable when production forlivestock farmers catch crop forboostingmidsummerforage for grazing by sheep or cattle. It is an ideal fastgrowing crop suitable being avery Forage Rape Forage Rape your supplierforfurtherguidance. also bemadeavailable. Pleasecontact to;waterto return andhayorstraw should grassland shouldbeavailable foranimals over atwo weekperiodandanarea of Stock shouldbeintroducedgradually hastheadvantage of EMERALD Treatment Untreated Pack size10kg&25kg Sowing rate6-10kg/ha soil structure. benefit isitswidelybranched rootsystemforimprovement of digestible, remaining palatablewellintothewinter. An added good feeding quality,has very being high in protein and easily yields andgoodgeneral diseaseresistance. Importantly, it weeks aftersowing. matter Itisfastgrowingwithaverage dry establishing, mediumtotallleafyplantsmaturingin10-12 Emerald isaproven, wellknown variety producingrapidly eaoial nry10-11MJ/kgDM Metabolisable energy matter Dry 24-35tonnes/ha Digestibility value Crude protein 3.5-4tonnes/ha Average fresh yields Average matteryield dry Forage RapeYield andFeed Quality

12 -14% 65D 19 -20%(mainlyleaves)

Treatment Untreated Pack size5kg Sowing rate6-10kg/ha varieties thathave gooddiseaseandboltingresistance. of ahighleaftostemratio cropwithcarefully selected crops. Highseedlingvigourgivesareliable establishment is idealforreplacing failedcropsorpatching springsown vigorousandquick growing mixture whichThis isavery Zoom is a blend of Winfred hybrid brassica and forage rape. MIXTURE ZOOM BRASSICA ORGANIC FORAGERAPE Untreated organicseed(Very Limited) Pack size25kg Sowing rate6-10kg/ha autumn orwinteruse. variety wellwhethersown which forsummer, performs lateflowering yield andgoodwinterhardiness. Itisavery palatable plantwithhighproteincontent, matter highdry Widely grown in Europe, Sparta forage rape is a leafy

Treatment Untreated Pack size5kg&25kg Sowing rate6-10kg/ha grazing. produces highqualityforage withgoodutilisation at (DM%) stem. low DM%content ofthestem The very excellent yield, insecttolerance, matter andalow dry for qualitywinterfeed. The mainstrengths ofSpitfire are excellent summerandautumnfeedorinearly a multi–purposerape suitableforplantinginspring carefully managedtoavoid damagetostems.Spitfire is goodre-growth potentialbutneedstobe also hasvery stock palatability and rapid establishment to maturity. It matter yield,high dry excellent aphid tolerance, good establishing brassicas. Itisamedium-tallvariety with kale andisagoodcompaniontousewithotherfast Spitfirerape created isamodern by crossing rape with FORAGE BRASSICA SPITFIRE HYBRID

TEXTFORAGE CROPS FORAGE CROPS tonnes of protein-rich dry matterperhectare.tonnes ofprotein-rich dry wilting, thetopsmaybefedtostock andcancontributea furtheryieldof3-4 these varieties mayneedtobechopped andwashed before feeding. After toliftthem.Due tothehigherdirttare andhardness oftheroot,harvester matter varieties andrequire tendtositfurtherintheground asugarbeet dirt tare. These highlypalatablerootscanbefedwholeto stock. Highdry andcanbeliftedwithatoplifterthereforeground have arelatively low mattervarieties tendtohaveMedium dry ahigherpercentage ofrootabove roots andstorage isrequired unlesstheyare stripgrazed insitu. have superb feedquality. equipmentisrequired toliftthe Specialistharvesting excellent supplement tograsssilage. palatabletostock and The rootsare very to sugarbeet.Itcanproducesubstantialyieldsofhighqualityfodderandisan Fodder Beet 36 Seed Treatment -ForceMagna, CruiserForceandlimiteduntreatedseed Pack size-50,000seedsperacre eaoial nry12.5-13.5MJ/kgDM Sugars inDM Metabolisable energy matter Dry Digestibility value Crude protein 13- 15tonnes/ha Average fresh yields Average matteryield dry Fodder BeetYield andFeed Quality Fodder Beet is grown as a main root crop, which requires similar husbandry

65% 12 -19% 78D 12 -13% 80 -90tonnes/ha

Rhizomania Tolerant Farm, Shropshire, October2016 Mr JohnandSteveEdwards, CardestonPark two marketopportunitiesduringthewinter.” markets; digestersandstock. Thisgivesme two for ushereinShropshireasitserves massive benefittous. Enermaxisalsogood smooth skinnedandliftsclean whichisa white rootsofagooduniformsize. Itis best fodderbeetroots. Enermaxproduces in theCrucktonPloughingSocietyCupfor “Our EnermaxCropthisyearwonfirstprize east of the country where sugarbeetisawidelygrown crop,east ofthecountry as wellasinthewestandotherareas. hastheadditional benefitofbeingRhizomania tolerantgrowing and soissuitablefor inthe Enermax the rootonly, withthebeettopsaddingapproximately5 tonnesDM/ha. variety testing(Denmark2010-2011), canproduce21tonnes/DM/hafrom hasshown thatEnermax It hasa9%higherrootyieldwhencompared with thewell-known andpopularvariety Magnum.Official product particularlyimportantforthebio-fuel market. hasaclean,Enermax white, smooth-skinnedrootandisshallow rooting, resulting inacleaner end An exciting newvariety production. forboth fodderandbio-energy High yieldingwithalowdirttare. ENERMAX Good resistance tobolting. above which ground allows foreasylifting. top sizeandhas33%ofitsyellow root and more profit. Alpes benefits fromlarge characteristics, thusensuringlesswaste programme. It has exceptional all round the world leadingDLFplantbreeding The ultimate fodder beet variety from ALPES white rootintheground. varieties withahighproportionofclean, content itismore frostresistant thanother matter weight gain.Duetoitshighdry shown toincrease milkyieldanddailylive matter fodder beet has been Higher dry matterintake inallstock. appetite anddry palatable variety therefore increasing matter yields. It is a very reliable high dry Magnum hasaconsistentrootsizeand MAGNUM

provide a high energy feed whole or chopped. provide ahighenergy feedwholeorchopped. Kyroswill digestible yellow rootatharvest. producing aclean, highlypalatable and easily consistent,A very highyieldingvariety KYROS ground, ensuring clean, easylifting. resistance with62%ofitsyellow rootinthe Very goodestablishmentandbolting mattercontent. High yieldsofmediumdry TROYA whichthe ground allows foreasylifting. large topsizeandhas33%ofits root above disease andbolting. Jamonbenefitsfrom matter yields. It has good resistance to leaf highly palatableorange rootwithaverage dry consistentvariety producingaclean A very JAMON

Stuart DaviesJayBarnsFarm, Shropshire, 2016 November requirementsincreasetosupporttheirlambs.”energy winter. Icanalsofeeditto myewesafterlambingwhentheewe’s to 50%andliftingthecropgivesmemoreflexibility throughoutthe such asmallacreage. Itreducesmywinterconcentratebillbyup the winteronit. You feedoff getsuchalarge amountofhighenergy can feedmyflockof1000commercialewes&storecattlethroughout yielded about39tonnesperacre. Ilikegrowingfodderbeetbecause good germinationpercentagebeforeinacropoffodderbeet. Thecrop acre ofFYMandtwoapplicationsnitrogen. I’veneverhadsucha “We plantedthefodderbeeton4thMay. We put20tonnesper

NESTOR highyieldof105%. results inavery ground. With a 17.7%DMin the rootit of therootanditshighpositionabove the on allsoiltypes, duetotheregular shape roots. Bangor is easily lifted and uniform and Troya –resulting in10%yieldincrease long-time-acknowledged varieties Kyros Bangor isanimprovement ontheillustrious/ BANGOR resistance toRust, Ramulariaand Mildew. good Nestor establishes well and has very withbeetmachinery,for harvesting when kept intherightconditions.Ideal cattle, which stores well through winter energy, palatablefeedforbeefordairy high yields capable of producing a very matter Nestor isavariety withhighdry Economy Variety talking about it! OUTSTANDING VARIETY

Everyone’s

OF THEYEAR VARIETY ★

OF THEYEAR O 2016 U T S

★

Swedes Fodder Beet Swedes 37 FORAGE CROPS

Swedes are a full season root crop which are mainly fed in situ, AIRLIE MARIAN RUTA OTOFTE KENMORE but can also be lifted and stored in a clamp. They are an excellent high energy winter feed. It is advisable to use an electric fence Airlie is a low to medium dry matter Marian is a medium dry matter Ruta Otofte is a medium dry matter Kenmore is an early maturing variety variety with a very high fresh yield and variety with moderate resistance variety with good mildew resistance. with medium dry matter, best suited to reduce wastage. They do best in areas of high rainfall, so are good disease resistance. It is a dual to club root. It is a dual purpose It is a dual purpose variety suitable for as stock feed not culinary use. It has generally grown in the more northerly and western areas of the purpose variety suitable for fodder variety suitable for fodder and fodder and culinary use with purple good winter hardiness which means and culinary use with purple skin and culinary use with yellow coloured skin and cream coloured flesh. Ruta it has a very wide utilisation window. UK. Swedes can be grown in a wide range of soil types with good creamy white flesh. Airlie is an early to flesh and purple skin. Otofte is a popular variety with sheep Kenmore has bronze skin with white drainage as they are sensitive to compaction and poor drainage; intermediate use variety. farmers. flesh. they do best in soils with a pH of approximately 6.5. The majority of swede crops are now sown with precision drills which require a Variety Airlie Marian Ruta Otofte Kenmore level seed bed. Varieties are generally classed as fodder or culinary Fodder ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ types; however there are some dual purpose types. Culinary ✓ ✓ ✓ All natural seed is packed in 1 kg packs Root shape (9=globe 1=tankard) 6 4 5 5 Cruiser SB Flea Beetle treated Skin colour Light purple Purple Dark purple Bronze All graded seed is packed in 0.5 kg packs Flesh colour Creamy white Yellow Cream White Cruiser SB Flea Beetle treated

Swede Yield and Feed Quality Seed Rate Calculator Guide - No. of Seeds X 1000 Average dry matter yield 7 - 10 tonnes/ha Spacings Row Width Average fresh yields 70 - 80 tonnes/ha 18” 20” 22” 24” 26” 28” Crude protein 10 - 11% Spacings 2” 174 157 143 131 121 112 Spacings 3” 116 105 95 87 80 75 Digestibility value 82D Spacings 4” 87 78 71 65 60 56 Dry matter 9 - 13% Spacings 5” 70 63 57 52 48 45 Metabolisable energy 12.8 - 13.1 MJ/kg DM Spacings 6” 58 52 48 44 40 37 Sugars in DM 59% (For seed size grade H (1.75 - 2.00mm) 1000 seed weight grade H approx 3.2g) FORAGE CROPS (See page12). UK. Kalecanalsobeusedasgamecover and can grow on most sites throughout the it doesnotover-mature. adaptable Itisvery advisable tostaggersowing datestoensure ensure both leafandstemare eaten.Itis strip grazedtoavoid excessive wastage and extend the grazing season. This crop isbest bale kaleage. usefulasitcan Kaleisvery can be ensiled as big or as an alternative It canalsobecutandfedtostock ‘in house’ grazing by cattleintheautumnandwinter. Kale 38 Treatment Untreated&CruiserSBFleaBeetleTreatment Pack size1kg Sowing rate2.5-7.5kg/ha isabrassica traditionally grownfor Kale

density, therefore increasing palatability. common togiant kales evenwhenplantedatlower Sovereign doesnotproducethelarge thick stems quality productionover alonger usageperiod. and keeping ability, ithasthepotentialtomaintaingood performance. Successfullytestedforwinterhardiness ratio, thereby increasing stock utilisationandanimal matter yields and excellent leaf-to-stem good dry by the SAC in Aberdeen, Sovereign was shown to have good clubroottolerance. testsconducted Inagronomic Sovereign isahighyielding, medium-tallforage kalewith Club RootTolerant SOVEREIGN

Tolerant Root Club

eaoial nry10-11MJ/kgDM Sugars inDM Metabolisable energy matter Dry Digestibility value 60–65tonnes/ha Crude protein 8-10tonnes/ha Average fresh yields Average matteryield dry Kale Yield andFeed Quality Devon. October2016 Orcheton, Ivybridge, Miller,Mr Harry Great 2017!" More ofthesamefor happy.on itsoI'mvery and thecowsdowell variety withgoodyield It isanexcellent quality kale.growing Sovereign "This ismysecondyear 17% 14 -16% 68D 19 -25%ensiled 16 -17%fresh, GRÜNER ANGELITER cattle andaswinterfeedforsheep. Its high yields make and beef it ideal for utilisation by dairy introduction to the UK has become equally popular over here. variety ofkaleinNewZealandformanyyears andsinceits trials. Grüner Angeliter hasbeenthemainstayforage inGerman Caledonian kaleand10%higherthanBittern excellent feeding quality with fresh yields15% higher than highyieldingvariety withgoodwinterhardinessA very and November 2016 November Manor Farm, Yenston, Somerset. great leaftostemratio.” have lowdiseaselevelswitha to winterhardyandproven very units ofnitrogen. Thekaleis of farmyard manureplus60 received 25tonnesperhectare cows.winter dry Theground atManorFarmSovereign toout This isthefourthyearofusing

Grüner Angeliter

Root Mixtures&ArableSilage “I’m really pleased with my lucerne crop, it has taken really well with even growth. I planted the lucerne on 1st September after Pea Barley and Vetch wholecrops. After taking the wholecrop off I then spread 8 cubic metres of sandy slurry and ploughed it in. To prepare the seed bed I sub soiled, then disced down to a tilth, rolled it and used a grass rake seed applicator to sow the seed, rolled it again and then left it and have not touched it since.”

Neil Jeffery, Newquay, Cornwall. December 2016

Kale Root Mixtures & Arable Silage 39 FORAGE CROPS

Root Mixtures Arable Silage Mixtures offer an alternative or additional feed to The following two catch crop mixtures combine the benefits of stubble grass or maize silage and are particularly suitable for farmers wishing turnips and forage rape, excellent for fattening lambs during autumn to increase their levels of home-produced protein and reduce their and winter and providing winter keep for all stock. These mixtures have reliance on purchased feed and fertiliser. They produce a cost-effective, been in great demand over recent years and the results from stock high quality forage of consistent quality and palatability, with high yields utilisation have been excellent. of dry matter even in dry seasons and cold weather. They can be self- fed from the silage-face or as bales and their early harvest allows for RAPID ROOT (pre December use) WINTER GRAZE (post Christmas use) earlier drilling of other autumn combinable crops or reseeding of grass. The forage rape element of this mixture ensures quick A mixture of palatable, proven varieties ideal for sowing after establishment and high protein yields, whilst the stubble winter cereals. The mixture is suitable for post Christmas CONVENTIONAL ORGANIC MIXTURES STRAIGHTS turnips provide energy and stockholding capacity. The grazing as it exhibits very good winter hardiness, which is MIXTURES mixture is ideal for fattening stock and will provide grazing improved by the addition of the kale. Sow mid July - mid Organic Pea & Barley No1 (Limited) Rather than grow a mixture, some from July through to December. Sow mid April - mid September Arable Silage Pea & Barley No1 35% Organic Spring Peas growers prefer to grow a single crop September 35% Organic Spring Barley on it's own we can offer Spring Triticale 60% Stubble Turnip 65% Spring Peas 30% Spring Peas and Vetch for these situations 60% Forage Rape 35% Forage Rape 35% Spring Barley 35% Stubble Turnip 5% Kale Arable Silage No2 Organic Arable Silage No2 Spring Triticale Alambic 5% Kale 100% 40% Spring Peas 30% Spring Peas Packed in 25kg & 500kg bags 100% 30% Organic Spring Barley Sowing rate 6 - 8.5kg/ha 30% Spring Barley Spring or Winter Vetch 30% Organic Spring Oats Sowing rate 6 - 8.5kg/ha Pack size 5kg 30% Spring Oats Packed in 25kg bags 10% Organic Spring Peas Pack size 5kg Treatment Untreated Arable Silage No3 Organic Vetch Treatment Untreated 35% Spring Barley Organic Arable Silage No3 Packed in 25kg bags 30% Spring Oats 30% Organic Spring Barley Lucerne (inoculated) 25% Spring Peas 30% Organic Spring Oats Packed in 25kg bags 10% Spring Vetches 20% Spring Peas Stock should be introduced gradually over a two week period and an area of grassland 10% Spring Vetches Organic Lucerne (inoculated) should be available for animals to return to; water, hay or straw should also be made 10% Organic Spring Peas Packed in 25kg bags available. Please contact your supplier for further guidance. All mixtures are available packed in 500kg bags. Treatment: Various and Organic Untreated The suggested sowing rate for all mixtures is 150kg - 225kg per hectare. Book early to avoid disappointment. CONTROLLING NEMATODES BY THE USE OF COVER CROPS Growing a cover crop is a very effective way of controlling nematode populations. Choosing the correct species and variety is key and needs careful planning. Some species of plants such as oil radish and mustard have been specially bred to be resistant to specific nematodes. A resistant plant allows little or no reproduction of the nematodes to occur. Seed rates need to be high. A resistant species stimulates the hatching process and the larvae think that the cover crop is a host plant. Due to the cover crop being resistant the nematodes are not able to develop into females and they either die or become males. As a result, the life cycle is broken which reduces the population. When a cover crop has grown successively the reduction in the nematode population usually lasts 3-4 years. Nematode levels will increase again if a host crop is used too closely together in a rotation. GREEN MANURING 40 Green Manuring Green Manuring Mixtures

Green manures not only improve soil status, composition and nutrient Green Manuring can bring balance but provide a basis for a more environmentally friendly THEIR EFFECT ON NEMATODES IN UK FARMING many advantages to the farmer approach to modern farming. We need to focus our minds on the twin AGRICULTURAL CROPPING problems of high artificial fertiliser prices and the soil’s need for basic ROOT KNOT NEMATODES by adding organic matter to the nutrients with these being available in a more sustainable form. Nematodes behave in different ways: Ectoparasitic forms – feed externally on plant • Produce galls and can severely damage plant health A wide range of plant species can be used as green manures. soil, increasing biological activity, roots and Endoparasitic forms – invade the • Crops most at risk are:- peas, onions, carrots, parsnips, and Different crops bring different benefits and the final choice is improving soil structure, reducing roots internally. Both forms cause damage, spring wheat influenced by many considerations. If the most is to be made of green resulting in an overall reduction in yield or affect manuring crops, it is important that they are carefully integrated into erosion, increasing the supply the marketability of the crop. CYST NEMATODES the crop rotation and proper attention paid to their husbandry. of nutrients available to plants • Beard like objects which grow and live on root surfaces Green manures can be categorised as spring sown for summer usage (particularly by adding nitrogen to and autumn sown for over-winter usage, intercropping and longer Nematodes also known as eelworms • Widespread in Europe and many parts of the world the system by fixation), reducing term fertility improvement. and roundworms. There are over 28,000 • Crops most at risk are:- potatoes, sugar beet, rape and distinguishable species, of which 16,000 beetroot leaching, weed suppression and so Nitrogen (N) in legumes comes from uptake of soil N and the fixation of are parasitic. N from the atmosphere. The amount of N fixed by different legumes is LESION NEMATODES on. There are some disadvantages determined by the inherent capacity of the crop/rhizobium symbiosis Approximately 50% are detrimental to plant to fix N, modified by the crop’s growing conditions (e.g. soil, climate, health. Damage caused by nematodes can • Produce necrotic lesions throughout the cortex of and whilst these are few they disease), crop management and length of time for which the crop is emerge differently from crop to crop. But infected roots should also be noted - lost grown. Consequently, the influence of all these factors means that there are a few symptoms which can appear, • Crops most at risk carrots, parsnips, maize and legumes a wide range of values has been reported by different researchers. that are common to all. opportunities for cash cropping, The presence of soil mineral N is generally thought to reduce fixation STUBBY ROOT NEMATODES • Stunted plants capacity. Factors that will increase the soil mineral N pool include • Plant roots have a stunted stubby appearance exacerbated pest and disease manure application, cutting and mulching, and grazing. Fixation tends • Plants wilt and appear to have no vigour problems (green bridge effect), and to decrease with legume age, mainly because the amount of soil N • Stem malformation • Infected roots become less capable of supplying nutrients tends to increase. • Yellowing the potential for green manures to • Crops most at risk:- potatoes, sugar beet, onions, carrots Where growth of legumes is affected by nutrient deficiency (or acidity) • Root Galls and parsnips become weeds in their own right. the potential for soil N build up is reduced. Phosphorus, Sulphur and • Deformed roots and abnormal growth some trace elements (e.g. Molybdenum) are particularly important. These problems can be overcome • Plant death STEM NEMATODES Where there are large off-takes of soil nutrients as in silage crops both with thought and measured usage, Phosphorus and Potash supplies need to be adequate for satisfactory Globally, parasitic species can reduce • Can cause distortion in the stems in winter beans and necrotic area on the plant leaves and the benefits to future crops legume growth. These should be replaced as they are essential to the agricultural production by approximately 12%. legume to enable it to maximise the fixing of nitrogen. • Crops most at risk :- potatoes, onions and winter beans cannot be dismissed lightly. “We decided this year to plant a green manuring crop on one of our wettest fields to help with soil drainage and compaction. We chose Buster Cover Mixture. Planting was in early August at 16kg per acre. We are specialists in bio stimulant fertilisers and at emergence we applied 25 units of liquid N and 1 litre per acre of liquid seaweed. Our expectations have been exceeded with roots of Daikon and Fodder Radish up to 20 inches in length being produced! All of these nutrients will also be returned back into the ground in due course. We will certainly be growing Buster Cover Mixture again and passing on what we have learned to our customers.”

Dave Edwards, Millwood Farm, Shropshire, December 2016.

Green Manuring Green Manuring Mixtures 41 GREEN MANURING

Our range of green manure mixtures N-RICH REVIVAL BUSTER N-HANCE N-RETAIN have been specially formulated to COVER MIXTURE COVER MIXTURE COVER MIXTURE COVER MIXTURE COVER MIXTURE help you achieve the best from your The vetch and rye complement Oats, white mustard and phacelia A mixture containing species This mixture will benefit the soil A balanced mixture that contains each other to provide an excellent combined make a very effective with aggressive deep roots by the use of species that absorb fast growing species which produce soil by protecting and improving cover crop mixture for the winter. catch crop. White mustard and that will help with difficult the leaching nutrients and has large amounts of bio-mass. The Vetches are fast growing and they phacelia are very fast growing and compacted soils and producing the added advantage of the useful species used in the mixture offer a soil fertility and health between have a very prolonged growing good at suppressing weeds, they huge amounts of biomass. During nitrogen fixing winter vetch. wide range of rooting depths some season, combined with excellent are also easy to break down and the winter months this mixture It produces a huge quantity of having a fibrous root system and cash crops. Combining different winter hardiness and have the incorporate into the soil because can benefit the soil by providing organic matter and has the benefit others producing long taproots. species into the mixtures can advantage of being able to fix they are less frost hardy. The oats vast quantities of organic matter, of radish’s large roots that can Both types of roots help to soak up nitrogen at lower temperatures provide good ground cover further prevent nutrients being lost and utilise nutrients from the deeper and retain any residual nutrients extend the function of the mixture. than other legumes. Forage rye helping with weed suppression penetrate through compacted layers of soil. which may have been left behind is deep rooting which provides and produce a large quantity of by the previous crop. soils. 60% Forage Rye Fast growing species have been a good underground network for organic matter. 85% Forage Rye 30% Winter Vetch 80% Black Oats the plant to scavenge most of the chosen to help suppress weed 90% Oats 6% Daikon Radish 7% Fodder Radish 5% Fodder Radish R CR nitrogen left by the previous crop. VE O 5% White Mustard C 5% Phacelia 3% White Mustard O P 5% Daikon Radish R R C growth and provide excellent VE O for 80% Forage Rye O P 5% Phacelia C 5% Brown Mustard R CR for 4% Fodder Radish VE O 100% EFA 20% Winter Vetch O P 5% Phacelia cover producing huge quantities of C for 100% EFA 100% 100% EFA Sowing rate 35 - 50kg/ha 100% organic matter and a variation of Sowing rate 30 - 50kg/ha Sowing rate 30 - 40kg/ha Pack size 25kg & 500kg different rooting depths to ensure Sowing rate 50 - 75kg/ha Pack size 25kg & 500kg Pack size 25kg & 500kg Untreated Sowing rate 30 - 50kg/ha Pack size 25kg & 500kg Untreated Untreated Pack size 25kg & 500kg good soil penetration and utilisation Untreated Untreated of surplus nutrients. We offer a BOOST MIX LATE COVER MIX KWIK FIX range of mixtures and straights A fast growing, quick to establish, frost hardy crop. Ideal to A rapidly establishing and maturing mixture providing A rapid grown autumn cover crop. Mustard increases the detailed on this and the following sow in late summer or early autumn to provide cover that will winter cover to the height of 2 - 3 feet. cover element and fodder radish prolongs the cover period last throughout the winter. with deep roots. pages. Bespoke specialist 60% Forage Rape 70% Texsel Greens (B. carinata) 30% Stubble Turnips 70% Fodder Radish mixtures to suit individual, 10% Hybrid Brassica 7% White Mustard 30% White Mustard 10% Fodder Radish 3% Fodder Radish Sowing rate 6kg/ha Sowing rate 12 - 15kg/ha 100% Sowing rate 12 - 15kg/ha specific requirements can also 10% Brown Mustard Pack size 5kg 100% Pack size 5kg Pack size 5kg be arranged. 100% Untreated Untreated Untreated INCORPORATION OF GREEN MANURE Incorporation is most effective when plants are young and succulent and the crop is cut and chopped to produce a mulch before turning it into the soil. This allows it to decompose quickly and release nutrients to be used by the following crop. Some crops, however, require nitrogen to be available at a later stage, in which case they will benefit from the green manure crop being left to become more mature. Decomposition and the release of nutrients will take longer and will be more likely to be available at the right time in the crop’s development. It is very important not to sow too early because of the allelopathic effect of the decomposing plants on germinating seeds. GREEN MANURING 42 Green Manuring Crops

WHITE MUSTARD FODDER RADISH (OIL RADISH) AVALON LEAFY TURNIP FOR SPRING SOWING AND SUMMER DAIKON RADISH Popular as a green manure crop. A relatively A fast growing cover crop, its speed of Avalon is a very leafy turnip that INCORPORATION is late flowering, covers the soil A rapid growing crop that inexpensive and highly versatile cover crop establishment aids weed suppression. It has a very fast and is winter hardy. This Spring sown, summer crops are usually annual crops produces a large amount either sown alone or as a companion to other long tap root which will improve the soil structure variety can be sown in spring or that as a rule do not tolerate frost. They are quick of biomas. It has the ability species. It is a fast growing and good weed and also has plenty of leaf that produces a large suppressor. Has bio fumigation properties autumn and for forage production growing and will suppress weeds by light deprivation to reduce nematodes and quantity of organic matter. An excellent nitrogen but not to the same extent as brown mustard. these leafy turnips can be grazed as well as providing organic material to improve soil is also an excellent weed scavenger. Some varieties are nematode resistant. It is ideal for early cover and produces large after just 6-8 weeks. Avalon structure and organic status. As they are usually suppressor. It produces quantities of biomass although killed off Sowing rate 10 - 20kg/ha also has a very high dry matter fleshy crops and do not contain high proportions of a long aggressive taproot by frost later. It an excellent scavenger of Pack size 10kg & 25kg yield and excellent resistance to carbon when incorporated into the soil, they do not that penetrates through nitrogen. Destroy before flowering to prevent Treatment Untreated Alternaria. substantially reduce stocks of soil nitrogen in the many different soil types, self-seeding. Some varieties are nematode Organic seed available in 25kg packs NEW FOR breaking down of the plant structure. improving drainage and air resistant. Sowing rate 5 - 7.5kg/ha 2017 movement through the soil. Pack size 10kg & 25kg Sowing rate 12.5 - 17kg/ha AUTUMN SOWING & SPRING A major benefit is that it BLACK OATS / JAPANESE OATS Treatment Untreated Pack size 10kg & 25kg captures and stores nutrients - AVENA STRIGOSA NEW INCORPORATION Treatment Untreated A rapid growing leafy cereal crop which has early RECIPE from deep in the soil over Autumn sown crops which go through the winter will Organic seed available in 25kg packs vigour with good weed suppression. It will produce ROCKET LETTUCE2017 the winter period, which are scavenge nitrogen from soils thus preventing leaching large amounts of organic matter. Destroy before released in the spring for the This crop flowers rather late with which is taken much more seriously these days. They flowering to prevent self-seeding. Not winter hardy. next crop. It can provide much BROWN MUSTARD an average early vigour. Rocket can be incorporated in the following spring or can needed cover throughout the lettuce is like oil radish; a dual A fast growing green manure crop with bio Sowing rate 50 - 75kg/ha provide a source of forage, prior to incorporation and winter months for game birds purpose in regards to diseases and fumigation properties, i.e. it suppresses soil- Pack size 25kg & 500kg also help to control erosion especially on late harvested or can be used as an excellent pest control. This crop is suitable Daikon Radish borne pests and diseases. It is an easy to Treatment Untreated maize stubbles. Certain species can be utilised to fast growing, nutrient storing establish 50 - 70 day crop that can be sown as a biological controller of cyst provide a nitrogen fixer which is then readily available green manure crop. between April and September. Unlike white nematodes H. schachtii and betae, to a spring sown crop. FORAGE RYE and fights root knot nematodes Sowing Rate 8 - 10kg/ha Club mustard, it is winter hardy. It will improve the health of the soil by increasing organic A cereal crop that produces large amounts M. chitwoodi and incognita. This, Pack Size 5kg & 25kg Root Tolerant matter and acts as an excellent weed of organic matter and suppresses weeds. An combined with high levels of LONGER TERM CROPS Treatment Untreated suppressant. It is also especially useful as excellent nitrogen scavenger that helps the glucosinolate, makes Rocket a Grass and clover leys for long term fertility building over-wintering green cover after maize, prevention of nitrate leaching during the winter good biofumigant. must by their nature form part of the rotation. The potatoes and sugar beet crops, reducing soil months. Winter hardy. Do not allow it to run to seed increased duration of the sward ensures that the grass Sowing rate 10kg/ha NEW FOR erosion, fertiliser leaching and water run-off. element provides a very strong root system valuable for DISCLAIMER as this will lock up available nitrogen. Pack size 5kg 2017 The table on page 43 is given in good faith and intended soil aeration, whilst the legumes with their deeper root Sowing rate 5 - 7.5kg/ha Sowing rate 125 - 185kg/ha Treatment Untreated for general guidance only. Weather, local conditions and system will improve water filtration through the soil Pack size 5kg Pack size 25kg & 500kg crop rotations must always be taken into account. structure whilst also providing increased soil nitrogen. Treatment Untreated Treatment Untreated NEW RECIPE 2017 Crop Pack Av sowing Treatment Sowing Incorporation Root type/depth Soil type Nitrogen Fixing Useful information and growing tips size rate kg/ha type dates period or Storing Plant Short Term Crops Spring/Summer Sowing & Summer/Autumn Incorporation

Fast growing and good weed suppressor. Has biofumigation properties but not to same extent as 10kg & Untreated Spring - Early 8 weeks All types, best on light, sandy Storing brown mustard. Produces large quantities of biomass. Excellent scavenger of nitrogen. Requires fine White Mustard 12.5 - 17 Fibrous root system soils 25kg & Organic Autumn after sowing seedbed. Susceptible to Club root. Plough in before flowering to prevent self-seeding.

As white mustard, but contains high levels of glucosinolate which create biofumigation properties to Spring - All types, prefers moist reduce wireworm infestation. To maximise this benefit, crop must be finely chopped at flowering and Brown Mustard 5kg 5 - 7.5 Untreated Autumn - Spring Taproot Storing Autumn ground thoroughly incorporated into moist soil. Brown mustard is winter hardy so is excellent for reducing soil erosion, water run-off and fertiliser leaching when grown after maize, potatoes & sugar beet. Quick to establish and a good weed suppressor. Flowers loved by bees and butterflies. The crop must 2kg, 5kg Spring - 10 - 12 weeks Most soil types, will tolerate Storing be incorporated into the soil before setting seed or it may reappear in subsequent crops as a weed. Phacelia 7.5 - 10 Untreated Shallow, fibrous dry conditions & 10kg Summer after sowing Said to release many minerals into soil as it decomposes, especially P, Ca and Mg. Fast growing and quick to mature, not winter hardy. Dislikes wet, heavy or compacted soil. Do not 10kg & Spring - Shallow, but with Tolerates poor, but not Storing allow to set seed before incorporating into soil. Attractive to beneficial insects especially hoverflies. Buckwheat 50 - 70 Untreated Summer - Autumn wet soils Green Manuring Crops 25kg Summer good penetration Good scavenger of phosphate. Prefers loam, will tolerate 1kg & Taproot with fibrous Very attractive to insects. Excellent weed suppressor. Biomass degrades quickly into soil. poor soils as long as alkaline Fixing Crimson Clover 12.5 - 15 Untreated Spring Summer - Autumn Will over-winter in S England for autumn sowing/spring incorporation. Shade tolerant. 25kg branch roots and free draining Branched taproot Less biomass than red and white clover but better adapted to wet, acid soils and cooler conditions. Aslike Clover 25kg 60 Untreated Spring Autumn Most types Fixing Deep rooting Requires shallow sowing and firm seedbed. 10kg & Summer - Deep rooting Good early vigour that gives quick soil coverage, with a large biomas and a large taproot. Excellent Fodder Radish 10 - 20 Untreated Autumn - Spring Most types Storing 25kg Autumn taproot Nitrogen scavenger. 5kg & Summer - Deep penetrating Fast establishing, big biomas, long large white tubers. Excellent for breaking up compacted soil with Daikon Radish 8 - 10 Untreated Autumn - Spring Most types Storing 25kg Autumn taproot its aggressive tap root. An excellent nitrogen scavenger. Annual clover. Grows aggressively throughout the summer and autumn. Likes deep fertile soils with Egyptian/ Spring - Early Later Summer - Taproot with fibrous Needs deep fertile soils Fixing plenty of moisture. Produces large amounts of biomass along with fixing large quantities of nitrogen. 25kg 10 - 22 Untreated (uncompetitive) Berseem Clover Summer Autumn root network A good cover crop to put between two cereal crops. Black Oats/ Later Grows well under most conditions. Early vigour, quickly producing lots of biomass due to the 25kg & Winter - Early Grow in most soil types Japanese Oats 50 - 75 Untreated Summer - Fibrous root system Storing plant rapidly tillering. Can flower early. The fast establishment helps to suppress weeds. Good at 500kg Spring and conditions (Avena strigosa) Autumn disrupting disease cycles. Not frost hardy. Over Winter Crops Autumn Sowing & Spring Incorporation Produces large amounts of green material. Excellent nitrogen scavenger and for the prevention of Forage 25kg & Extensive, fibrous Grows well on light, sandy, Storing nitrate leaching during winter months. Do not allow to run to seed as this will ‘lock-up’ available 125 - 185 Untreated Autumn Spring free-draining soils Winter Rye 500kg root system nitrogen. Very hardy. Do not follow too soon with brassica crop or germination will be affected. As with forage rye, produces high yields of biomass. Good root system for improving soil structure. Untreated Extensive, fibrous Diploids better in wet areas Storing If seed heads are produced, crop must be cut before seed is shed to prevent infestation of following Italian Ryegrass 25kg 35 - 38 Autumn Spring and tetraploids in drier & Organic root system crop. Good ‘mopper-up’ of excess soil nitrogen. Thick and fibrous 15kg - Untreated Spring / When undersown at a low seed rate into winter wheat, cocksfoot is an excellent soil improver for Cocksfoot 5 - 7.5 Autumn - Spring with large energy Dry, free-draining Storing 20kg & Organic Autumn drought-prone soils. reserves Fast growing. Good alternative to mustard if using high glucosinolate varieties, as decomposition can 10kg & Untreated Spring / Deeply penetrating Most types, able to tolerate Storing release chemicals which produce a biofumigation effect if incorporated within 24 hours of cutting. Forage Rape 6.5 - 10 Autumn - Spring poor soil & exposed sites 25kg & Organic Autumn taproot Where club root is a problem, make sure a resistant variety is used. Untreated Spring / Prefers loams and clay. Good weed suppressor. Ensure a winter hardy variety is used. Due to its large seed size, will establish Vetches 25kg 60 - 90 Autumn - Spring Taproot Will not thrive in wet or Fixing later than most other legumes. Requires fine, firm seed-bed. As with forage rye, do not follow too & Organic Autumn waterlogged conditions soon with brassica crop or germination will be adversely affected. Longer Term Crops Lucerne Untreated Spring - Early Seed must be inoculated with rhizobium bacteria. Prefers dry growing conditions. Uncompetitive 25kg 20 - 25 Autumn - Spring Very deep taproot Light/chalky/free-draining Fixing particularly in early stage of development so grow as pure stand or with non-aggressive companion Pre-inoculated & Organic Autumn grasses. 1kg & Untreated Spring - Early Creeping stolons, Wide range. Tolerates dry Continued defoliation stimulates root growth and nitrogen fixation. Smaller leaved varieties are more White Clover 5 - 7.5 Autumn - Spring Fixing 25kg & Organic Autumn Shallow rooting conditions persistent than larger leaved. Good weed suppressor. Shallow sow into fine, firm seed bed. 1kg & Untreated Spring - Early Large, strong Wide range, avoid poorly Aggressive plant, does not release N until crop is ploughed in. Shorter term than white clover. Good Red Clover 12.5 - 15 Autumn - Spring Fixing 25kg & Organic Autumn taproot drained, acid soils for improving and aerating soil structure & useful weed suppressor. Ensure fine, firm seed bed. Prefers poor soil and dry Yellow Blossom Biennial. Quick to establish and grows vigorously. Improves soil structure. Plough in before flowering conditions. Dislikes wet, Fixing 2kg 12.5 - 15 Untreated Spring Summer - Autumn Long taproot and before stems becomes woody. Attractive to bees and other insects if allowed to flower. Clover heavy ground Honey Pot Lane, Colsterworth, Grantham, Lincolnshire NG33 5LY Tel: 01476 862702 Email: [email protected] www.openfield.co.uk