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Rural History 2013 International Conference of the European Rural History Organisation (EURHO) University of Bern, Unis, Schanzeneckstrasse 4, 19– 22 August 2013

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Rural History 2013 International Conference of the European Rural History Organisation (EURHO) University of Bern, Unis, Schanzeneckstrasse 4, 19– 22 August 2013 Rural History 2013 International conference of the European Rural History Organisation (EURHO) University of Bern, UniS, Schanzeneckstrasse 4, 19– 22 August 2013 With 300 contributions from Europe, Africa, Asia and the Americas www.ruralhistory2013.org Organised by the Archives of Rural History (ARH) and the Swiss Rural History Society (SRHS) Rural History 2013 has been organised by the Archives of Rural History in Bern (AHR) and the Swiss Rural History Society (SRHS). The organisers are particularly grateful to the Swiss Academy of Humanities and Social Sciences (SAGW), the Swiss National Science Foundation and the Federal Office for Agriculture (FOAG) for their substantial financial support. The City of Bern and the Swiss Milk Producers (SMP) have sponsored the welcome reception on Monday, 19 August 2013. We are thankful to them as well as to those who have sponsored the academic work of the conference: Publishing companies: Ashgate Publishing, United Kingdom; Brepols Publishers, Belgium; Hier + Jetzt Verlag, Switzerland; Nomos Verlag, Germany; Franz Steiner Verlag, Germany; Studienverlag Innsbruck, Austria. Cultural institutions: Historical Dictionary of Switzerland; Infoclio.ch; Memoriav.ch; Swiss National Library. Agricultural Organisations: Bio Suisse; Braunvieh Schweiz; Fenaco; IP-Suisse; Landwirtschaftlicher Infor- mationsdienst; Oekonomische und Gemeinnützige Gesellschaft des Kantons Bern; Schweizerischer Bäuerinnen- und Landfrauenverband; Schweizerischer Holsteinzuchtverband; Swiss Beef Cattle; Swiss Milk Producers; Swissgenetics; Vianco. Conference Book: © Archives of Rural History and contributors Graphic Design and Layout: Michael Moser, Kaleeo Design, Zürich (www.kaleeo-design.ch) Printed by: Druckerei Nicolussi, Zürich Illustrations: Archives of Rural History, Bern (www.agrararchiv.ch); Contributors ISBN-Nr.: 978-3-033-04152-3 Rural History 2013 – Conference of the European Rural History Organisation (EURHO) Organisers: Archives of Rural History, Bern; Swiss Rural History Society Graphic Design: Michael Moser, Kaleeo Design, Zürich (www.kaleeo-design.ch) Website: Claudia Schreiber, Bern Rural History 2013 Conference Programme Abstracts of all Panels and Papers University of Bern, UniS 19 – 22 August 2013 1 Practicalities Contents On-site Conference Registration Preface The on-site registration facilities for the conference are at the entrance of UniS Richard Hoyle, President EURHO 4 Peter Moser, Conference Director, Chairman Scientific Committee 5 Monday 19 August: 08.00 to 17.00 Tuesday 20 August: 07.30 to 17.00 Conference Organisers Wednesday 21 August: 08.00 to 17.00 Scientific Committee 6 Thursday 22 August: 08.00 to 13.00 European Rural History Organisation (EURHO) 7 Swiss Rural History Society (SRHS) 7 Infopoint Archives of Rural History (AHR) 9 If you have questions or need help: Go to the on-site registration stand at the entrance. There you will be looked after. Conference Programme Overview 11 Refreshments and Lunch Reception 12 Tea, coffee, mineral water and lunch are served in the main hall of the conference building. Keynote Session I: Lost in Translations? 13 You can buy lunch vouchers at the registration stand. Keynote Session II: Rural History in Europe – Rural History in Switzerland 14 Keynote Session III: Films – a new Source in Rural History 15 Internet Panels overview 16 There is a wireless access in the whole building of UniS, where the conference takes place. Ask at the registration desk for the wireless access. Panels and Papers Monday, 19 August 2013 Map Session 1: overview 21 Panels 1.1 - 1.6 22 Session 2: overview 35 Panels 2.1 - 2.7 36 Tuesday, 20 August 2013 '%*+8 Session 3: overview 51 ,,,, )*+$))' Panels 3.1 - 3.7 52 !"#$%&'%'"( Session 4: overview 67 A%4! 6.+$2,34)*7+8, Panels 4.1 - 4.7 68 9:;< Session 5: overview 83 < Panels 5.1 - 5.8 84 Session 6: overview 101 6$42>$8 !*$*47% Panels 6.1 - 6.8 103 Wednesday, 21 August 2013 ; !"#$%&'%)*+$))' 9 Session 7: overview 119 Panels 7.1 - 7.6 120 6$42>$8 Session 8: overview 133 ?+$"() -$#%#7@ 12$*& Panels 8.1 - 8.7 134 Session 9: overview 151 Panels 9.1 - 9.7 152 Thursday, 22 August 2013 =$.1'%)*+$))' -./'%/'+012$*& Session 10: overview 167 Panels 10.1 - 10.7 168 ; !"#$%&'())(& Session 11: overview 183 9 !"#$%*+,-,./0)+$1 Panels 11.1 - 11.7 184 34+)"#'%5 ,,,,,0+$/'% < !"#$%&23.44(%56,+-1(&7%8#+%()(8+$.3%#-%$,(% $3+#-%4$+$#.-7%-(+3%0)+$/.394%:;%+-<%:=> Participants 202 List of Illustrations 208 2 3 Preface Preface A welcome to the Bern conference from the Rural History 2013: Towards a better under- President of EURHO standing of rural history When a group of us in the British Agricultural History Society thought that the moment was ripe to launch The Swiss Rural History Society and the Archives of Rural History in Bern welcome all the participants to an international conference of rural historians, we had hopes to gather together a modest number of col- the Rural History 2013 conference of the European Rural History Organisation (EURHO) ), the organisa- leagues - perhaps a hundred. We had more than twice that number at the University of Sussex in 2010. tion launched at the Rural History 2010 conference organised by the British Agricultural History Society And now at the second conference – the first run under the aegis of the European Rural History Organisa- in 2010 in Brighton. tion (EURHO) – we have a conference that is larger still, more diverse still, even more international. Whilst the two conferences show that there is no right way to do rural history - no single school, no standard ap- Rural History 2013 reflects the various roads which rural history writing has taken over the last two dec- proach – one also senses that with the launch of EURHO and its conferences, our discipline has achieved ades in Europe and elsewhere. Contributions from virtually every country in Europe as well as from Africa, a higher level of standing amongst the historical sciences. In another sense, with the formal adoption of Asia and the Americas are one feature of the conference whilst others include the wide variety of topics the constitution of EURHO at this meeting, we have, in very important way, come of age. as well as the range of methodologies and theories. While Rural History 2013 is in many ways the culmi- nation of the numerous new initiatives launched by rural historians since the early 1990s, it by no means I am under no illusion about the time it takes to organise a meeting on this scale nor the numbers who marks the conclusion of this most welcome and exciting process. In two years’ time the participants of contribute to making it a success. On behalf of EURHO and all those attending the conference I want to Rural History 2015 will be able to drawn on the insights gained at the conference here in Bern. offer thanks first and foremost to Peter Moser of the Archives of Rural History as conference director and to the Swiss Rural History Society who are our hosts. The organisers and the scientific committee of Rural History 2013 aim to provide insight into the state of the art of rural history today. Further, we seek to strengthen the various developing networks and co- We will meet again in two years at a location to be announced. Happily we have a choice of venues – itself operative projects of rural historians and their institutions. We have little doubt that the more than 300 a sign of our vitality – and a difficult decision has to be made choosing between them. We will announce participants of the conference will advance our aspirations. our next destination during the conference. For the moment, enjoy this meeting. There is so much that we can all learn from the experience of other countries and their rural societies and the methodologies that The keynote lectures offer an opportunity for rural historians to reflect on their own activities. While in the colleagues use to explore and explain their rural history. There is no better place to do that than at this first of the three sessions the promise and the constraints of English as the lingua franca of rural historians conference, so listen and learn, observe and absorb, and depart enriched. And if we all do that, this great are discussed, the second one highlights some of the results of the journey taken by rural history in the endeavour to understand the rural past in all its dimensions will go from strength to strength. last few years. And the third session focuses on film, a so far underutilised source by rural historians. A conference of this size can only be executed with the help of a great number of people over a long Richard Hoyle period of time. On behalf of the Archives of Rural History and the Swiss Rural History Society I would President, EURHO like to thank Claudia Schreiber, Martina Ineichen, Nathalie Bardill, Martin Stuber, Anne-Lise Head and Thomas Schibli for their enormous commitment to the success of this meeting. Michael Moser designed and produced the Conference Book and Peppina Beeli and Stefanie Kohler from the Swiss Society for History and Catherine Glover and Richard Hoyle from the British Agricultural History Society shared with us their valuable expertise in organising large conferences. I also wish to offer thanks to all members of the Management Committee of EURHO, who had the confidence to hold the first conference of the new organisation in a country where – at least so far – rural history has not figured among the most popular academic disciplines. If Rural History 2013 makes even a small contribution towards changing that, the whole project will have been all the more worthwhile. Peter Moser Conference Director Chairman Scientific Committee 4 5 Conference Organisers Conference Organisers Scientific Committee European Rural History Organisation (EURHO) The scientific committee launched a call for panels in 2012 and then made a selection from the proposals.
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