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The Great War in Irish Poetry
Durham E-Theses Creation from conict: The Great War in Irish poetry Brearton, Frances Elizabeth How to cite: Brearton, Frances Elizabeth (1998) Creation from conict: The Great War in Irish poetry, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/5042/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk Creation from Conflict: The Great War in Irish Poetry The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. No quotation from it should be published without the written consent of the author and information derived from it should be acknowledged. Frances Elizabeth Brearton Thesis submitted for the degree of Ph.D Department of English Studies University of Durham January 1998 12 HAY 1998 ABSTRACT This thesis explores the impact of the First World War on the imaginations of six poets - W.B. -
Francis Sheehy-Skeffington, in Dark and Evil Days (1916), with a Biographical Preface by Hanna Sheehy-Skeffington; Richard Ellmann, James Joyce (1982, Rev
Skeffington, Francis Sheehy- by Patrick Maume Skeffington, Francis Sheehy- (1878–1916), radical, was born Francis Skeffington on 23 December 1878, in Bailieborough, Co. Cavan, only child of Joseph Bartholomew Skeffington, inspector of schools, and his wife Rose Magorian. He was brought up in Downpatrick, Co. Down. Educated privately by his father, he was emotionally closer to his mother, who came from a poor farming family and was eighteen years older than the forceful husband whose condescension she endured. J. B. Skeffington believed education, logic and discipline solved all problems and his son brought these characteristics into conflict with some of his father's beliefs. From the age of 11, W. T. Stead's Review of Reviews became the boy's ‘bible’. Through Stead he adopted J. S. Mill's feminism and the belief that women's suffrage was vital for the triumph of social reform and public probity. Many of his opinions and exhibitionist tactics derive from Stead, who perished in 1912 on the Titanic. Skeffington studied modern languages at UCD from 1896 to 1902, graduating BA (1900) and MA (1902). He arrived in college as a non-smoking teetotaller, vegetarian and anti-vivisectionist, pacifist and feminist. His non-conformity was marked by his refusal to shave and distinctive garb, a rough tweed suit with knee-breeches, a collarless shirt, long stockings and large boots. College contemporaries were amused and intimidated by his tendency to take casual remarks as expressions of heartfelt opinion, engaging the speaker in fierce argument or pressing him to defend his views in public. Skeffington took a leading role in reviving the college Literary and Historical Society, becoming auditor for 1897–8, having beaten James Fitzgerald-Kenney (qv) by one vote. -
The Volunteers in Kilkenny 1914 to 1916
1 The Volunteers in Kilkenny 1914 to 1916 On Sunday November 23rd 1913, the Annual Manchester Martyrs Commemoration was held in Kilkenny to commemorate three Fenians hanged in 1867. There was a procession from The Parade to St. Patrick’s Cemetery, with members of clubs and societies in the City, and three bands: St. Patrick’s Brass and Reed Band, St. Rioch’s Fife and Drum Band, and the Kilkenny Warpipers’ Band. An oration was delivered in The Assembly Room of the Town Hall by Bulmer Hobson. He laid out for his audience the arguments advanced by Eoin Mac Néill for setting up a volunteer force. Home Rule was being prevented by the Ulster Volunteers and the Irish People were being pushed to the wall because they were not armed. On Tuesday of that week, there was going to be a monster meeting of the citizens of Dublin to form National Volunteers to work and, if necessary, fight for Home Rule. As he had predicted the meeting packed the Rotunda Rink, with four thousand inside and thousands more outside. The date was November 25th 1913. It was March 5th 1914 before a meeting in the City Hall Kilkenny decided to set up a local Volunteer Movement. The speakers were Thomas McDonagh and Sir Roger Casement. McDonagh, in his speech referred to his time teaching in Kilkenny. “Twelve years ago he came to Kilkenny and it was in the National Spirit of this town that he first learned what it was to feel the patriotism of an Irishman.” Local IRB members had got instructions from Dublin to capture as many positions as possible in the local volunteer organisation. -
Yet We Are Told That Australians Do Not Sympathise with Ireland’
UNIVERSITY OF ADELAIDE ‘Yet we are told that Australians do not sympathise with Ireland’ A study of South Australian support for Irish Home Rule, 1883 to 1912 Fidelma E. M. Breen This thesis was submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Philosophy by Research in the Faculty of Humanities & Social Sciences, University of Adelaide. September 2013. 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES .......................................................................................................... 3 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS .............................................................................................. 3 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS .............................................................................................. 4 Declaration ........................................................................................................... 5 Acknowledgements .............................................................................................. 6 ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................................ 7 CHAPTER 1 ........................................................................................................................ 9 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................... 9 WHAT WAS THE HOME RULE MOVEMENT? ................................................................. 17 REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE .................................................................................... -
The Ulster Women's Unionist Council and Ulster Unionism
“No Idle Sightseers”: The Ulster Women’s Unionist Council and Ulster Unionism (1911-1920s) Pamela Blythe McKane A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY GRADUATE PROGRAM IN POLITICAL SCIENCE YORK UNIVERSITY TORONTO, ONTARIO JANUARY 2015 ©Pamela Blythe McKane 2015 Abstract Title: “No Idle Sightseers”: The Ulster Women’s Unionist Council and Ulster Unionism (1911-1920s) This doctoral dissertation examines the Ulster Women’s Unionist Council (UWUC), an overlooked, but historically significant Ulster unionist institution, during the 1910s and 1920s—a time of great conflict. Ulster unionists opposed Home Rule for Ireland. World War 1 erupted in 1914 and was followed by the Anglo-Irish War (1919- 1922), the partition of Ireland in 1922, and the Civil War (1922-1923). Within a year of its establishment the UWUC was the largest women’s political organization in Ireland with an estimated membership of between 115,000 and 200,000. Yet neither the male- dominated Ulster unionist institutions of the time, nor the literature related to Ulster unionism and twentieth-century Irish politics and history have paid much attention to its existence and work. This dissertation seeks to redress this. The framework of analysis employed is original in terms of the concepts it combines with a gender focus. It draws on Rogers Brubaker’s (1996) concepts of “nation” as practical category, institutionalized form (“nationhood”), and contingent event (“nationness”), combining these concepts with William Walters’ (2004) concept of “domopolitics” and with a feminist understanding of the centrality of gender to nation. -
The War Poet - Francis Ledwidge
Volume XXXIX, No. 7 • September (Fómhair), 2013 The War Poet - Francis Ledwidge .........................................................................................................On my wall sits a batik by my old Frank fell in love with Ellie Vaughey, one looked at familiar things seen thus for friend, Donegal artist Fintan Gogarty, with the sister of his friend, Paddy. Of her, he the first time. I wrote to him greeting him a mountain and lake scene. Inset in the would write, as a true poet, which indeed he was . .” piece is a poem, “Ardan Mor.” The poem “I wait the calling of the orchard maid, Frank was also involved in the arts in reads, Only I feel that she will come in blue, both Dublin and Slane. He was involved As I was climbing Ardan Mór With yellow on her hair, and two curls in many aspects of the local community From the shore of Sheelin lake, strayed and was a natural leader and innovator. He I met the herons coming down Out of her comb's loose stocks, and I founded the Slane Drama Group in which Before the water’s wake. shall steal he was actor and producer. And they were talking in their flight Behind and lay my hands upon her eyes.” In 1913, Ledwidge would form a branch Of dreamy ways the herons go At the same time, the poetry muse of the Irish Volunteers, or Óglaigh na When all the hills are withered up encompassed the being of young Frank. hÉireann. The Volunteers included members Nor any waters flow. He would write poems constantly, and in of the Gaelic League, Ancient Order of The words are by Francis Ledwidge, an 1912, mailed a number of them to Lord Hibernians and Sinn Féin, as well as mem- Irish poet. -
Bibliography
BIbLIOGRApHY PRIMARY SOURCEs: ARCHIVAL COLLECTIONS BODLEIAN LIbRARY, OXFORD H. H. Asquith BRITIsH LIbRARY Walter Long CLAYDON EsTATE, BUCKINGHAMsHIRE Harry Verney IRIsH MILITARY ARCHIVEs Bureau of Military History Contemporary Documents Bureau of Military History Witness Statements (http://www.bureauofmilitaryhis- tory.ie) Michael Collins George Gavan Duffy © The Author(s) 2019 305 M. C. Rast, Shaping Ireland’s Independence, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-21118-9 306 BIblIOgraPhY NATIONAL ARCHIVEs OF IRELAND Dáil Éireann Debates (http://oireachtas.ie) Dáil Éireann Documents Department of the Taoiseach Documents on Irish Foreign Policy (printed and http://www.difp.ie) NATIONAL LIbRARY OF IRELAND G. F. Berkeley Joseph Brennan Bryce Erskine Childers George Gavan Duffy T. P. Gill J. J. Hearn Thomas Johnson Shane Leslie Monteagle Maurice Moore Kathleen Napoli McKenna Art Ó Briain William O’Brien (AFIL) J. J. O’Connell Florence O’Donoghue Eoin O’Duffy Horace Plunkett John Redmond Austin Stack NEW YORK PUbLIC LIbRARY Horace Plunkett, The Irish Convention: Confidential Report to His Majesty the King by the Chairman (1918). PUbLIC RECORD OFFICE NORTHERN IRELAND J. B. Armour J. Milne Barbour Edward Carson Craigavon (James Craig) BIblIOgraPhY 307 Adam Duffin Frederick Crawford H. A. Gwynne Irish Unionist Alliance Theresa, Lady Londonderry Hugh de Fellenberg Montgomery Northern Ireland Cabinet Ulster Unionist Council Unionist Anti-Partition League Lillian Spender Wilfrid B. Spender The Stormont Papers: Northern Ireland Parliamentary Debates (http://stor- -
O'brien Cahirmoyle LIST 64
Leabharlann Naisiúnta na hÉireann National Library of Ireland Collection List No. 64 PAPERS OF THE FAMILY OF O’BRIEN OF CAHIRMOYLE, CO. LIMERICK (MSS 34,271-34,277; 34,295-34,299; 36,694-36,906) (Accession No. 5614) Papers of the descendents of William Smith O’Brien, including papers of the painter Dermod O’Brien and his wife Mabel Compiled by Peter Kenny, 2002-2003 Contents Introduction 7 The family 7 The papers 7 Bibliography 8 I. Land tenure 9 I.1. Altamira, Co. Cork 9 I.2 Ballybeggane 9 I.3. Bawnmore 9 I.4. Cahirmoyle 9 I.5. Clanwilliam (Barony) 11 I.6. Clorane 11 I.7. The Commons, Connello Upper 11 I.8. Connello (Barony) 11 I.9. Coolaleen 11 I.10. Cork City, Co. Cork 11 I.11. Dromloghan 12 I.12. Garrynderk 12 I.13. Glanduff 12 I.14. Graigue 12 I.15. Killagholehane 13 I.16. Kilcoonra 12 I.17. Killonahan 13 I.18. Killoughteen 13 I.19. Kilmurry (Archer) 14 I.20. Kilscannell 15 I.21. Knockroedermot 16 I.22. Ligadoon 16 I.23. Liscarroll, Co. Cork 18 I.24. Liskillen 18 I.25. Loghill 18 I.26. Mount Plummer 19 I.27. Moyge Upper, Co. Cork 19 I.28. Rathgonan 20 2 I.29. Rathnaseer 21 I.30. Rathreagh 22 I.31. Reens 22 I.32 Correspondence etc. relating to property, finance and legal matters 23 II. Family Correspondence 25 II.1. Edward William O’Brien to his sister, Charlotte Grace O’Brien 25 II.2. Edward William O’Brien to his sister, Lucy Josephine Gwynn (d. -
Hanna Sheehy Skeffington, Feminism and the Irish Revolution
Book Review: Fearless Woman: Hanna Sheehy Skeffington, Feminism and the Irish Revolution walkeddedicatedcithar e11On could. the the second pacifist, two miles day pleaded offrom the their withRising citizenshome in 1916, in to Rathmines stopHanna looting and to Francis thethe Cityabandoned Sheehy Centre. Skeffington Frank,shops ofa the On her arrival she was surprised to find her cherished 75-year-old uncle Father Eugene Sheehy playing an active role alongside Pearse and Clarke. At 5.30pm that afternoon, Francis and Hanna met at the offices of the Irish Women’s Franchise League (IWFL). They were aware of the growing risk of roaming the streets and so Hanna made for home, with Francis to follow later. In Fearless Woman, Margaret Ward utilises a significant body of primary source material to produce a revealing insight into a towering figure in Irish history. That was the last time the young married couple saw each other. Frank was arrested by British soldiers that evening as he walked home. They mistook him for one of the rebels and shot him that night in the yard of Portobello barracks. Months later, when a friend wrote to her asking how she was coping with the grief, she replied ‘Sometimes it is harder to live for a cause than to die for it’. In Fearless Woman, Margaret Ward utilises a significant body of primary source material to produce a revealing insight into a towering figure in Irish history. Born Hanna Sheehy in 1877, daughter of Home Rule Party MP David Sheehy, she married Belfast journalist Francis ‘Skeffy’ Skeffington in 1903. -
Archipelagic Poetry of the First World War David Goldie for Well Over A
Archipelagic Poetry of the First World War David Goldie For well over a century before the First World War, the British Army had played a significant role in cementing the Union of Great Britain and Ireland, offering escape, a way out of poverty, or the opportunity of adventure for young men from the impoverished regions and smaller nations of the United Kingdom. Scots and Irish soldiers in particular were mainstays of the Victorian army, at times almost outnumbering English soldiers in the ranks. In the twenty years leading up to the war many of the military’s decision-makers had significant Irish or Scottish connections. Several Commanders-in-Chief of the Army in this period, including Viscount Wolseley and Roberts, were Irish and another, Lord Kitchener, had been born in Ireland. The man responsible for building the modern army as the Secretary of State for War in the decade before the war, Viscount Haldane, was a Scot. The first commander of the British Expeditionary Force, Field Marshal Sir John French came from an old Anglo-Irish family and its second, Field Marshal Sir Douglas Haig, was a Scot. A smattering of key generals, such as General Sir Ian Hamilton, who commanded the Dardanelles campaign, were Scots or Irish: of the five wartime Chiefs of the Imperial General Staff two, General Sir Charles Douglas and Lieutenant General Sir James Wolfe-Murray, were Anglo-Scots and another, General Sir Henry Wilson, was an Ulsterman. The Army before and during the war was, then, perhaps one of the most fully integrated structures of the British state, and one in which the dominant ruling-class English voice was strongly inflected by the diverse accents of its Celtic fringes. -
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www.ucd.ie/centenaries 2 / UCD DECADE OF CENTENARIES 1912-1923 EVENTS TIMELINE / 3 Events Key UCD EVENT NATIONAL EVENT INTERNATIONAL EVENT UCD Commemorating the Decade of Centenaries 100 years ago, as the steps towards independence gathered momentum, many staff, students and graduates of University College Dublin played a pivotal role in the discourse and actions that took place. Today, University College Dublin continues to value the ethos of justice and equality, alongside a sense of cultural identity that shapes our thinking and prompts our debate. As a major holder of archives of national and international significance relating to the period 1912 to 1923, our vision for these commemorations is to inform national debate and understanding with an objective scholarly voice, in a manner that brings education and new perspectives to the fore. We will achieve this through public engagement, scholarly output and promotion of our rich archives. 1912 – 1923 events timeline was compiled by Dr Conor Mulvagh, Lecturer in Irish History with special responsibility for the Decade of Commemorations, UCD School of History & Archives and UCD History graduate Colm O’Flaherty and details the key events for the period, highlighting some of the rich resources available in UCD. Translation into Irish by Cathal Billings PhD, lecturer, UCD de Bhaldraithe Centre for Irish Language Scholarship, UCD School of Irish, Celtic Studies, Irish Folklore and Linguistics. 4 / UCD DECADE OF CENTENARIES 1912-1923 EVENTS TIMELINE / 5 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1912 1st January 1912 11th April 1912 UCD EVENT NATIONAL EVENT THOMAS MACDONAGH HOME RULE BILL NEWLY APPOINTED INTRODUCED TO THE AT UCD HOUSE OF COMMONS After completing his MA, MacDonagh is appointed Assistant Prime Minister Herbert Henry Asquith introduces the Third Professor of English at the end of 1911. -
1 'How Rich My Life Has Been, Not in Itself but in Its Associations': an Introduction to Alfred Webb
Notes 1 ‘How rich my life has been, not in itself but in its associations’: An Introduction to Alfred Webb 1. DFHL, Webb autobiography, f. 1. 2. Alfred Webb, A Compendium of Irish Biography: Comprising Sketches of Distin- guished Irishmen, and of Eminent Persons Connected with Ireland by Office or by their Writings (Dublin, 1878). 3. Tony Ballantyne, Orientalism and Race: Aryanism in the British Empire (Bas- ingstoke, 2002), p. 3. 4. Leela Gandhi, Affective Communities: Anti-Colonial Thought, fin-de-siècle Radi- calism and the Politics of Friendship (Durham and London, 2006). 5. Described as ‘metaphoric kinship’ by Thomas Hylland Eriksen, Ethnicity and Nationalism: Anthropological Perspectives (2nd edn, London, 2002), p. 106. On nationalism see also Anthony D. Smith, Nationalism and Modernism: A Critical Survey of Recent Theories of Nations and Nationalism (London, 1998); Bene- dict Anderson, Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism (London, 1991); Ernest Gellner and John Breuilly, Nations and Nationalism (London, 2005). 6. For a review of the debate see S. J. Connolly, ‘Eighteenth-Century Ireland: Colony or ancien régime?’ in D. George Boyce and Alan O’Day (eds), The Mak- ing of Modern Irish History: Revisionism and the Revisionist Controversy (London, 1996), pp. 15–33; for more recent discussion, see Terence McDonough (ed.), Was Ireland a Colony? Economics, Politics and Culture in Nineteenth-Century Ireland (Dublin, 2005). 7. See, for example, Roy F. Foster, Paddy and Mr Punch (London, 1993); L. P. Curtis, Apes and Angels: The Irishman in Victorian Caricature (Newton Abbot, 1971) and Anglo-Saxons and Celts: A Study of Anti-Irish Prejudice in Victorian England (Bridgeport, CT, 1968); Robert Young, The Idea of English Ethnicity (London, 2007); Jennifer M.