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1 'How Rich My Life Has Been, Not in Itself but in Its Associations': an Introduction to Alfred Webb Notes 1 ‘How rich my life has been, not in itself but in its associations’: An Introduction to Alfred Webb 1. DFHL, Webb autobiography, f. 1. 2. Alfred Webb, A Compendium of Irish Biography: Comprising Sketches of Distin- guished Irishmen, and of Eminent Persons Connected with Ireland by Office or by their Writings (Dublin, 1878). 3. Tony Ballantyne, Orientalism and Race: Aryanism in the British Empire (Bas- ingstoke, 2002), p. 3. 4. Leela Gandhi, Affective Communities: Anti-Colonial Thought, fin-de-siècle Radi- calism and the Politics of Friendship (Durham and London, 2006). 5. Described as ‘metaphoric kinship’ by Thomas Hylland Eriksen, Ethnicity and Nationalism: Anthropological Perspectives (2nd edn, London, 2002), p. 106. On nationalism see also Anthony D. Smith, Nationalism and Modernism: A Critical Survey of Recent Theories of Nations and Nationalism (London, 1998); Bene- dict Anderson, Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism (London, 1991); Ernest Gellner and John Breuilly, Nations and Nationalism (London, 2005). 6. For a review of the debate see S. J. Connolly, ‘Eighteenth-Century Ireland: Colony or ancien régime?’ in D. George Boyce and Alan O’Day (eds), The Mak- ing of Modern Irish History: Revisionism and the Revisionist Controversy (London, 1996), pp. 15–33; for more recent discussion, see Terence McDonough (ed.), Was Ireland a Colony? Economics, Politics and Culture in Nineteenth-Century Ireland (Dublin, 2005). 7. See, for example, Roy F. Foster, Paddy and Mr Punch (London, 1993); L. P. Curtis, Apes and Angels: The Irishman in Victorian Caricature (Newton Abbot, 1971) and Anglo-Saxons and Celts: A Study of Anti-Irish Prejudice in Victorian England (Bridgeport, CT, 1968); Robert Young, The Idea of English Ethnicity (London, 2007); Jennifer M. Regan, ‘ “We Could Be of Service to Other Suffering People”: Representations of India in the Irish Nationalist Press, c. 1857–1887,’ Victorian Periodicals Review, vol. 41, no.1 (Spring 2008), pp. 61–77; Scott Boltwood, ‘ “The ineffaceable curse of Cain”: Race, Mis- cegenation, and the Victorian Staging of Irishness,’ Victorian Literature and Culture, vol. xxix, no. 2 (2001), pp. 383–396. 8. Thus unsurprisingly, in the nineteenth-century volume of the Oxford history of the British Empire, the chapter on Ireland in the Empire was written by a specialist in Irish emigration. David Fitzpatrick, ‘Ireland and the Empire’ in Andrew Porter (ed.), The Oxford History of the British Empire, vol. III: The Nineteenth Century (Oxford, 1999), pp. 495–521. 9. Edward M. Spiers, ‘Army Organisation and Society in the Nineteenth Cen- tury’ in Thomas Bartlett and Keith Jeffery (eds), A Military History of Ire- land (Cambridge, 1996), pp. 335–357; Michael Silvestri, ‘The “Sinn Féin 174 Notes 175 of India”: Irish Nationalism and the Policing of Revolutionary Terrorism in Bengal, 1905–1939,’ Journal of British Studies (October, 2000) and ‘ “An Irishman is Specially Suited to be a Policeman”: Sir Charles Tegart and Revolutionary Terrorism in Bengal,’ History-Ireland (Winter 2000). 10. Studies of the experience of Empire in domestic Britain include John Mac- Donald MacKenzie (ed.), Imperialism and Popular Culture (Manchester, 1986); Catherine Hall, Civilising Subjects: Metropole and Colony in the English Imagi- nation, 1830–1867 (Oxford, 2002). One example of work that has probed the Irish experience of Empire is Keith Jeffery (ed.), An Irish Empire?: Aspects of Ireland and the British Empire (Manchester, 1996). 11. Tadhg Foley and Maureen O’Connor (eds), Ireland and India: Colonies, Culture and Empire (Dublin, 2006); Stephen Howe, Ireland and Empire: Colonial Lega- cies in Irish History and Culture (Oxford, 2000); Kevin Kenny (ed.), Ireland and the British Empire (Oxford, 2004); Jeffery, An Irish Empire. 12. G. K. Peatling, ‘Interactions from the Periphery: Some Irish Religious Minori- ties and India, c. 1850–1923’ in Foley and O’Connor, Ireland and India, p. 103. 13. Kate O’Malley, Ireland, India and Empire: Indo-Irish Radical Connections 1919– 1964 (Manchester, 2008). 14. Scott B. Cook, Imperial Affinities: Nineteenth Century Analogies and Exchanges between India and Ireland (London and New Delhi, 1993), p. 25. 15. Howard V. Brasted, ‘Indian Nationalist Development and the Influence of Irish Home Rule, 1870–1886,’ Modern Asian Studies, vol. xiv (1980), pp. 37–63. 16. Jonathan Schneer, London 1900: The Imperial Metropolis (New Haven, 1999). 17. Antoinette Burton, At the Heart of Empire: Indians and the Colonial Encounter in Late-Victorian Britain (Berkeley, 1998), p. 1. 18. See also Rozina Visram, Asians in Britain: 400 years of History (London, 2002); Michael Fisher, Counterflows to Colonialism: Indian Travellers and Settlers in Britain, 1600–1857 (New Delhi, 2004). 19. Alfred Webb, Alfred Webb: The Autobiography of a Quaker Nationalist,ed. Marie-Louise Legg (Cork, 1999). To assist the reader, when citing from Webb’s autobiography I will in the first instance cite from the published work (Webb, Autobiography) because it is more accessible. Unpublished extracts will be cited from the original manuscript (DFHL, Webb autobiography). 20. Webb, Autobiography,p.1. 21. The Press Cutting Agency wrote to one of Webb’s political colleagues offering to ‘send you all entries from the press relating to yourself personally and to any special subjects in which you are interested’ for a fee. It claimed that its clients included many MPs, the Chinese Legation and the Home Rule Union. See Press Cutting Agency, London, to Jeremiah Jordan, 1 August 1885 (PRONI, Jordan papers, MS D/2073/4/2). 22. Webb, ‘The Propriety of Conceding the Elective Franchise to Women’ in Jour- nal of the Statistical and Social Inquiry Society of Ireland, vol. iv, no. 8 (1868), pp. 455–461; Alfred Webb (ed.), The Opinions of Some Protestants regarding Their Irish Catholic Fellow-Countrymen, 3rd edn, enlarged, with resolutions of the Irish Protestant Home Rule Association (Dublin, 1886). 23. Alfred Webb, Thoughts in Retirement (Dublin, 1908). 176 Notes 24. Linda Colley, The Ordeal of Elizabeth Marsh: A Woman in World History (London, 2007), p. 300. 25. For example, Maria Luddy, Women and Philanthropy in Nineteenth-Century Ire- land (Cambridge, 1995); Margaret H. Preston, Charitable Words: Women, Phi- lanthropy, and the Language of Charity in Nineteenth-Century Dublin (Westport, CT, 2004). 2 ‘Interested in people of all countries, especially of America’: A Quaker Family in the Atlantic World 1. DFHL, Webb autobiography, f. 15; Webb, Autobiography,p.19. 2. William Lloyd Garrison to Wendell Garrison, 27 July 1872, BPL, MS A.1.1. v.8. p. 20. 3. Correspondence between R. D. Webb and George Combe from 1848 to 1849 is in TCD, Webb papers, MS 4787. Combe and Hodgson were both radi- cals, inspired by Massachusetts’ educational models, and joined with Jacob Bright and James Lucas in advocating for Manchester educational reform. See D. K. Jones, ‘Lancashire, the American Common School, and the Reli- gious Problem in British Education in the Nineteenth Century’, British Journal of Educational Studies, vol. xv, no. 3 (October, 1967), pp. 292–306. 4. DFHL, Webb autobiography, f. 28. 5. Maurice J. Wigham, The Irish Quakers: A Short History of the Religious Society of Friends in Ireland (Dublin, 1992), p. 18. 6. Richard S. Harrison, Richard Davis Webb: Dublin Quaker Printer (1805–72) (Skibbereen, 1993), p. 2. 7. Webb, Autobiography, pp. 30–31. 8. The term ‘Quaker’, though originally more of a nickname, can be used interchangeably with the word ‘Friend’ to describe a member of the Society of Friends. 9. Webb, Autobiography,p.23. 10. Society of Friends, Rules of Discipline of the Yearly Meeting of Friends in Ireland with Advices Issued and Adopted Thereby (2nd edn, Dublin, 1841), p. 33. 11. Webb, Autobiography,p.27. 12. Society of Friends, Rules, p. 96. 13. Ibid., p. 16. 14. Webb, Autobiography,p.29. 15. Wigham, Irish Quakers, p. 32. 16. Legg, ‘Introduction’, in Webb, Autobiography,p.6. 17. Society of Friends, Rules, p. 169. 18. Ibid., p. 166. 19. Ibid., p. 20. 20. Olive C. Goodbody and P. Beryl Eustace, Quaker Records Dublin: Abstracts of Wills (Dublin, 1957). 21. Mary E. Daly, Dublin: The Deposed Capital, a Social and Economic History, 1860–1914 (Cork, 1984), p. 33. 22. Society of Friends, Rules, p. 22. 23. DFHL, Webb autobiography, f. 250. 24. Webb, Autobiography,p.29. 25. DFHL, Webb autobiography, f. 250. Notes 177 26. Webb, Autobiography,p.18. 27. Richard Robert Madden (1798–1886) is known for Literary Remains of the United Irishmen of 1798 (Dublin, 1887). He also had been a doctor in Jamaica where he supported freeing slaves. For more on Madden see Nini Rodgers, Ireland, Slavery and Anti-Slavery: 1612–1865 (Basingstoke, 2007), passim; Cian McMahon, ‘Struggling against Oppression’s Detestable Forms: R. R. Madden and Irish Anti-Slavery, 1833–1846’, History Ireland, vol. xv, no. 3 (May/June 2007), pp. 24–29. 28. DFHL, Webb autobiography, f. 250. 29. Webb, Autobiography,p.26. 30. Ibid., p. 20. 31. Ibid., p. 32. 32. Ibid., p. 29. 33. Ibid., p. 18. 34. DFHL, Webb autobiography, f. 250. 35. Harrison, Webb, p. 64. 36. Webb, Autobiography,p.57. 37. Anne Vernon, A Quaker Businessman: The Life of Joseph Rowntree, 1836–1925 (London, 1958), p. 29. 38. William Bennett, Narrative of a Recent Journey of Six Weeks in Ireland, in Con- nexion with the Subject of Supplying Small Seed to Some of the Remoter Districts (London and Dublin, 1847), p. 3. 39. DFHL, Webb autobiography, f. 400. 40. R. D. Webb to Anne Weston, 26 September 1857 (BPL, Anti-Slavery papers, MS A.9.2. 29. 25). 41. Abby Kimmer to R. D. Webb, cited in Douglas C. Riach, ‘Ireland and the Campaign against American slavery, 1830–1860’ (PhD thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1975), p. 389. 42. Harrison, Webb, p. 67. 43. Ibid., p. 66. 44. As described in ‘Mr Alfred Webb, of Dublin’, clipping from unidentified American newspaper, 30 May 1874 (NLI, Webb papers, MS 1746).
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