Check list ofEuropean HymenomycetousHeterobasidiae [Cont’d] M.A. Donk DONK: On European Heterobasidiae 245

and Naematelia quercina Coker 1920 (U.S.A., North Carolina), fide Bandoni (op.

tremelloides. The cit., p. 325) = Sparassis following remark by Bandoni (op. cit.,

tremelloides = Tremella tremelloides Mass. should be p. 326) on Sparassis (Berk.) kept "does in mind; this species, he wrote, not seem to differ significantly from Tremella

in its characteristics. is that the encephala microscopic It possible two represent

different manifestations from two different hosts [Stereum spp.]."

In Tremella is variable than other (62). some respects encephala even more

of the for to there least three species genus, instance, as colour, are at principal

shades. First, hyaline-whitish, the white colour being mainly due to the white kernel

Tremella that shows through. It was this condition, I believe, that received the name

alabastrina.

A delicate flesh colour is very common. Neuhoff (1936b: 23) has suggested that

Tremellafragiformis Pers. (which Persoon called ‘ruber’) was annotated by its German

collector as stawberry (fraise) coloured and that Persoon misunderstood the in-

formation: “in der deutschen Tuchindustrie bedeutet fräsfarben ein milchiges

das dem Farbton der T. vollkommen It Fleischrosa, encephala entspricht.” may be

pointed out that when Persoon published a coloured picture of his species he stated

in the French version of the text: “sa couleur à l’exterieur est semblable à celle de

la fraise; intérieurementelle est pâle.” However, the accompanying figure shows

the fruitbody as dingy pink rather than red.

Older from have often collections, especially such as are received correspondents,

lost the above-mentioned original colours and have turned more or less dingy brown

or alutaceous (cf. Fries, 1822: 227 "in vegetis semper carneo-pallidus, siccus

rufofuscus").

Finally, yellowish fruitbodies have also been encountered, for instance in the one

collection that Bourdot & Galzin referred to their interpretation of T. rubiformis,

for which they recorded the colour as pale yellow. For typical T. encephala these

authors also "souvent teinte de This Link noted, creme orange". may explain why

changed the name Tremella encephala Pers. into Encephalium aurantiacum when trans-

of ferring that species to his new genus Encephalium (a synonym Naematelia).

It well be that much of the in colour is due the host may diversity to species.

Stereum sanguinolentum is one of the 'bleeding' stereums, and soluble substances that

colour diffuse into the may undergo changes perhaps parasite.

It is just possible that T. alabastrina is a different species. Brefelds protologue is not quite sufficiently detailed to be decisive; he does not mention the kernel.

(63)- Tremellafoliacea.. —Persoon's protologue (1799 O. 2: 98) contains some

that he enigmas. On the whole it might be concluded was describing not too large specimens of what is now called T. foliacea: "Unc. 11 lata, totidem fere alta, lin.

1 crassa". As a sort of afterthought he added as last words "forma pezizoidea", which of of Tul. suggests some species Exidia, or perhaps even Coryne (perfect state),

still of for the least because of or more Neobulgaria foliacea (Bres.) Dennis, not part PERSOONIA Part 246 Vol. 4, 3, 1966

remark Bresadola in connection with the of this last a by original description

mentioned "Habitus omnio Tremellae tantum observa- species: foliaceae Pers., a qua tione microscopica tute distinquitur." Ifthe true Tremella foliacea were really pezizoid

in shape, it could hardly be anything but either Exidia saccharina or Neobulgaria foliacea. Identification with the first of these two is out of the question because of

differences in colour and saccharina coniferous substratum: E. grows only on wood,

while Persoon stated of Tremella foliacea: "ad truncos subputridos, praesentim

Avellanae”. The that Persoon in his Coryli description published succeeding myco-

logical work (1801: 626) treated the fruitbody as compound ("magna cespitosa

individuum " unc. 1 latum and called it . concava .... Singulum est") again ......

however he added "... sed laterefructificat." These last Subpezizoidea"; utroque

as well as the citationof "Bull. t. f. A. turn the scale in favour words, . . . 406 a ?", of Tremella a true rather than some species of Exidia or Neobulgaria, for in these

there is often difference between the sterile outside and the genera an appreciable

hymenial disk. Fries simply left out any allusion to a pezizoid shape. I am more

inclined to agree with him and Neuhoff ( 1933: 98) that what Persoon had in mind

was after all the species of Tremella redescribed by Fries and Bresadola.

After this it is not surprising that some authors (Brefeld) confused Tremella foliacea

with Exidia saccharina.

When Fries (1822: 212) accepted Persoon's species, not only did he leave out all allusions form but also shifted the somewhat to a pezizoid he emphasis (but not

toward the form of T. his describes the quite) foliacea on conifers; although phrase

colour exactly the same as Persoon's did ("cinnamomeo-carnea") his description

contains, "Color constanter obscure rufus" and "Ad truncos vetustos abicgnos,

&c." When Bresadola F.t. the pineos, betulinos, (1900 2: 97 pi. 2ogf. 1) published

first modern account under the name of T. foliacea he conceived it inclusively as far

as the colour and substratum were concerned: "ad ramos Laricis, Abietis et etiam arboreum frondosarum gregario obvia".

Most authors consider T. variable with now foliacea a very species, especially

the colour of the authors it includes few respect to fruitbody. According to some a

fresh infraspecific taxa. It would appear desirable to collect more information on

collections from various substrata. The following discussions on the forms that have received and available to be of specific names may prove some use.

Tremella the of this turned out to be fimbriata.. —Establishing identity fungus another puzzle. Neuhoff (igg6b: 20) suspected that this species, as interpreted by

Fries the form of T. from wood. Fries would (1822: 212), was foliacea angiosperm

have made the distinction, because to him T. foliacea (see above) was in the first place the form on gymnosperm wood. The choice of the epithet 'fimbriata' is

difficult to understand. Persoon's original description (1799 O. 2: 97) contains

"lateraincisa, margine undulata"and thus leaves the epithet insufficiently explained;

Fries wrote "margine incisis undulato-fimbriatis" which can only be true if one

lenient of Neuhoff's accepts a very interpretation 'fimbriatus'. Still I believe that DONK: On European Heterobasidiae 247

suggestion is perfectly acceptable as long as an extremely plastic form on angiosperm

wood is in these moist habitat postulated and, particular cases, an excessively on

branches on the ground: "Ad ramos rarissime ad terram dejectos" (Persoon, I.e.,

fluviorum 1 799), "in ramis deiectis ad marginam rarius ..." (Persoon, 1801), "Ad

locis humidis This would truncos & ramos, praecipue alneos, passim" (Fries, 1821).

also explain why the fruitbody is (sub) erect.

T. Fries distinguished between two forms of fimbriata, the typical one and a form

"b": "Color nigrescens, luci obversus olivaceus v. fuligineus, in b. purpurascens."

However, his references are not distributed accordingly, T. mesenteriformis var.

violacea Bull, and T. tinctoria being cited with the typical formeven though the fruit-

bodies are vinaceous.

Tremella verticalis.—Fries referred Bulliard's species as "optime" to T. fimbriata,

typical form. The erect habit ('verticalis') and the strongly and irregularly incised

of the lobes the substratum is indicated "sur les vieilles souches". margins agree; as

Bulliard himself (1791 H: 231-232) later referred this fungus to T. mesenteriformis

that it violaceous. var. violacea Bull., which suggests was slightly In any case it seems

to be conspecific with T. fimbriata and perhaps also with the purplish forms Fries

referred to that species; these had previously received specific names of their own

(T. undulata, T. violacea, T. tinctoria).

Tremella —Neuhoflf "Eine Form der undulata .. (1936b: 20) wrote: purpurviolette

T. foliacea Bres. gibt es nicht; der Name violascens Alb. & Schw. bezieht sich auch

keineswegs auf eine Tremella, sondern auf eine Bulgariacee aus der Gegend von

I about the of Tremella violascens A. Coryne.” Although agree identity foliacea var.

& S. [presumably the common imperfect state, now called Pirobasidium sarcoides

the (Fr.) Hohn.], I do not agree with remark that no purplish-violaceous forms may

exist. Tremella undulatais in Hoffmann describedhis apoint case; species as "purpurea"

and added: "colore adparet haec Tremella nigrescenti quidem, sed subdiaphana est

et luci objecta purpurascens." Similar and apparently conspecific is T. mesenteriformis

violacea Bull. = T. violacea Pers. T. tinctoria Pers. It to var. (Bull.) = was

this form that Bulliard later reduced his T. verticalis (see above). The colours of his variety he described thus: "... dans la jeunesse d'une couleur vineuse

melee d'une teinte de violet plus ou moins foncee; elles devient ensuite d'un rouge brun ou noiratre . . .; mise en infusion dans de l'eau simple, elle donne

couleur d'un beau bistre .." This last led Persoon to call it une rougeatre . . point

T. tinctoria.

Tremella rather succinea. a form . . .—Apparently pale-coloured ("pellucida .

fuscescente succina") stated in the protologue to be "rarius ad ligna exsiccata".

Neuhoff considered this to be the form typical of gymnospermwood. Thisis doubtful; of T. Tremella neither succinea itself nor mesenteriformis Bull. (pi. 499 [/. 7"]), which

Persoon referred to his species, do we know the exact nature of the substratum.

Moreover, the form Neuhoff (1931: 73) had in mind was "rotbraun", darker, with

least of the basidia brown Persoon's rather at part having contents. own fungus was PERSOONIA Part 248 Vol. 4, 3, 1966

small ("magnitudine unciali"), but Bulliard's figure shows a large fruitbody, perhaps about 12 cm wide. The identity of Persoon's fungus is still doubtful.

Phaeotremella pseudofoliacea. —As the specific epithet indicates, Rea thought

Tremella considered that his species resembled foliacea, but he the umber spores so

feature that he receive it. The of important a even published a new genus to text

the protologue is succint; it is not certain that a spore print was made. The spores

are rather large for T. foliacea (l2 X 9-12 n). Moreover, Rea reported conidia

be conidia. ("hyalina, elliptica, 9x6 fi"); these, too, are too large to hymenial

these I that Rea confused Prompted by indications, hesitatingly suggest young basidia with the basidiospores and called the basidiospores conidia. It is a well

T. known fact that in some dark forms of foliacea the basidia have quite distinctly

coloured feature Neuhoff for his brown contents, a emphasized by (1931: 73)

conception of T.foliacea var. succinea "Pers." It wouldnot be surprising if occasionally

also tinted brownish. the contents of the spores were

(64). Fries described Tremella frondosa as a member of Tremella trib. Mesenteri- formes, characterized by cespitose fruitbodies "in plures lobos tenues flexuosos

T. which flaccidos partitae", and as three times as large as foliacea, from species it

further its substratum and colour was distinguished by (oak trunks) ("luteo-

This differential pallescens"). no longer amounts to a satisfactory characterization,

since T. foliacea may occur in very large and pale-coloured fruitbodies and it has

from oak trunks. What is left is the colour and in this the also been reported respect

hinge is "pallescens". Did Fries use the word in the strict sense (becoming paler:

viz., fruitbody pale but 'pure' yellow) or does it stand for 'pale-coloured' (viz.

of with authors have fruitbody some pale colour yellowish shade) ? Many supported

the second for the Tulasnes "Les beaux view, like, instance, {1872: 220): groupes

de Tremella vivant le desseche d'un Chene . mesuraient tronc . ne frondosa . . . sur .

pas moins de 15 k 20 centimetres en diametre; ils etaient d'un couleur de chair tres-

tirant le .." The ofthe Tulasnes' pale, sur jaunatre. . correctness interpretation might be defended that Fries cited for his "Bull. t. f. T" = by pointing out species . . . 499

Tremella livida Bull. H.: which is of these mesenteriformis var. (1791 230), precisely one

large, pale forms, "prima aetate sordide albescens dein dilute carnea . . .." If this

then T. well referred T. interpretation were correct frondosa might be to foliacea as one of the forms of the latter many species.

On the other hand ifthe colour of T. frondosa in its original sense were yellow, and

in the paling (bleaching) with arge, than it might well be a species recalling colour

T. mesenterica this how and Bourdot Galzin inter- group. Evidently was Quelet &

preted the colour when they applied the name T. frondosa. If theexistence of a pure

yellow T. frondosa is accepted, two questions arise: (i) does such a fungus occur

in Sweden, and (ii) is it conspecific with T. cerebrina (59) ?

In search of I have modern an answer to question (i) come across only one solitary record (rather than a re-description). Neuhoff ( 1936b: 22) listed a collection from

T. of the "Gesamtart T. mesenterica Retz." and Femsjo for frondosa as a member DONK: On European Heterobasidiae 249

characterized it as a "blassgelbe, grosse Art". No notes were added about the colour

9 in the fresh condition.

not at warrants As to question (ii) I am all convinced that Fries's protologue the

identificationof the Swedish fungus he called T. frondosa with the species Bourdot

& Galzin described under the same name from France. Fries's fungus was said to

be cespitose and divided into lobes connected at their base only, like in T. foliacea,

while the French fruitbodies seem to start as a compact, gyrosely-sulcate, cerebri-

form cushion that into lobes later grows out at a stage.

It would seem that our knowledge of T.frondosa sensu stricto is still too incomplete

for well-founded its Meanwhile T. treated a opinion about true status. frondosa is

here as a distinct though little-known species. If it were to be demonstrated that it

is to be fused with Bourdot & Galzin's interpretation, then the combinationmust be

called T. frondosa.

Should the conclusion be drawn that T. frondosa and T. foliacea are expressions

of a single species, then the correct name for the combination is T. foliacea; this is

Fries in the the oldest of the priorable names among those that were accepted by starting-point book (revalidated by S. F. Gray in 1821), the other being T. fimbriata

(revalidated by Persoon in 1822). Tremellafrondosa was validly published at a later

T. the date. Moreover, if my notes go far enough, fimbriata was first reduced to

of of the other Lundell who made synonymy one names by [1941 (LNF 19-20): 16],

the combination Tremellafoliacea var. fimbriata. Neuhoff ( 1936b: 20) had previously

suggested the reduction of T.foliacea to the rank of a variety of T. fimbriata but since

this move was only a provisional suggestion it is here left out of consideration.

T. Looney {1933: 24) accepted a broadly conceived species which she called frondosa

T. of in the but instead of foliacea (apparently because page priority "Systema"),

it is also evident that she did not definitely reduce T. foliacea to the synonymy of

T. frondosa.

In addition 'Bull. f. T' Fries also cited Tremella to pi. 499 (discussed above) quercina Pollini, "non obstant". On the basis ofthis citation Saccardo later dropped

the name T. frondosa and replaced it by the earlier-published (but now devalidated)

name T. quercina. It is out of the question that Pollini's fungus has anything to do

with T. frondosa; the protologue, as well as the figure from the following year, are

T. very poor but, in my opinion, sufficient for referring the fungus to mesenterica.

9 Neuhoff (1933'- 99) once elaborated on the difference in colour between T. frondosa and

T. foliacea: "Man denke sich T. frondosa Fr. von blassgelber Farbe (etwa von sahnefarbig =

bis hellstrohfarben = stramineus Saccardo cremeus Saccardo, Chromotaxia Nr. 27 Nr. 26), dagegen T. foliacea Pers. in durchscheinendem Rot- oder Gelbbraun mit leichter fleischrot- licher oder violetter an entfarbten auch melleus Farbbeimischung (. . . Lappenenden Nr. 30)."

Nevertheless, he seems to have had his difficulties in distinguishing between the two since he illustrated T. frondosa by a line drawing of a fruitbody (divided into lobes to the very base) which could have been expected to be pale yellow. Apparently this was not the case, since

the same fruitbody was later on depicted on the coloured plate published under the name of

T. Ft. with different of foliacea (iggöa: g, description not published) a quite colour, typical rather pale, large fruitbodies of T. foliacea. PERSOONIA Part 250 Vol. 4, 3, 1966

One of the the with the (65). many puzzles mycologist encounters regard to

Tremella is the of T. intumescens.The consists of coloured genus identity protologue a plate and a—-for that time—rather full description, though without details of the

had spores. Fries did not know the species from personal collections, but he apparent-

its and retained it in Tremella. ly no misgivings as to correct position Quelet [1872

he it (MMb II 5): 315] recorded the species for France; kept in Tremella, but never

mentioned the shape of the spores.

The first author to interpret the species as belonging to Exidia was Bonorden

[1868 (AbH 8): 120]. Under the name Tremella intumescens he published a fairly full

description which shows that he had Exidia plana in mind. The next author, Britzel-

called another mayr [1887 (BAg 29): 291 & pi. 755f 6], apparently independently,

of Exidia 10 the It is difficult decide what Karsten species by same name. to [1889

(BFi 48): 450] had in mind; the only description he gave was of the basidia and

spores. The latter are undoubtedly Exidia-spores ("Sporerna aflanga, bodja, 13 =

4 mmm."). Rea (1922: 734) followed Karsten. However, although indicating that he had seen live specimens, his description contains no significant personal contribution; it is compiled almost exclusively from the protologue supplemented with Karsten's

of the attention be drawn what Bourdot & Galzin description spores. Finally, may to ((1928: 31) called Exidia glandulosa f. intumescens ("forme de tubercules arrondis, presses et confluent botryoides").

follows: "Im Sinne Neuhoff ( 1935: 33) expressed his opinion as ursprixngliche ist Tremella intumescens bei Smith and ohne Zweifel dasselbe Sowerby . . . ganz wie Exidia glandulosa Fr." (spacing as in the original). I beg to disagree. Nothing in

the protologue, except perhaps the colour, suggests a species of Exidia. The figure

fruitbodies of 'Mesenteriform.es' with rather thick folds which shows the type (lobes)

rounded the The dots of the dotted" surface are obtusely at edges. "obscurely are spots rather than papillae, as may be seen from the details figured. There is no doubt

mind that T. intumescens is of Tremella. in my a species

Bourdot Galzin's under the T. & description (1928: 20), published name

drawn from British material communicated Bourdot nigrescens, up to by Pearson, T. the strongly suggests that they were actually dealing with intumescens. Whether

is the the T. and whether the latter species same as original nigrescens or not, or not

should be reduced the rank of form of done to a mere T. foliacea, as was by Neuhoff,

are subjects particularly recommended for future observations.

In anticipation of the results of such observations and in view of the comment

Fries added to his species ("Statura sequentium [T. foliacea, T. lutescens], sed lobi

crassiores. Quoad colorem refert Exidiam glandulosam”) I have reduced T. nigricans

to the synonymy of T. intumescens. This is exactly the impression the study of the

protologue of T. intumescens invokes!

10 recisa and E. truncata Referred to Exidia by Neuhoff ( 1935 : 8) to (= E. glandulosa sensu

stricto) by Ade [1923 (ZP 2): 63]. DONK: On European Heterobasidiae 251

(66). A further difficulty is the question whether T. lutescens and T. mesenterica

are conspecific or not. The two names have, for instance, been loosely applied by

Brefeld ( 1888a: 109); what he called T. lutescens is typical T. mesenterica and apparent-

distinct fromwhat he mesenterica. T. ly not specifically treated as T. Typical mesenterica

is one of the few European species of Tremella that produces abundant minute and

globular hymenial conidia. At present many mycologists would perhaps be inclined

follow that involved. It to Looney (1933: 26-31) in thinking only one species is

looks as though Neuhoff (1936b: 22) caught at a straw when he formulated his

last-published opinion about T. lutescens: "Ich stelle hierher nur diejenige Stucke,

die stets klein, blassgelb und ohne Konidien sind." Bjornekaer (1944: 25> 33)> after

observations in the concluded that T. mesenterica the winter and T. field, was stage

lutescens the summer stage of the same fungus. The difficulty in a case like this is that

establish understood T. lutescens. it is not always easy to precisely what was by

Bourdot & Galzin (1928: 20) placed what they called T. lutescens among the

' Mesenteriformes' as a fungus with very soft, subliquescent and pale fruitbodies

citrin les ("sulfurin ou creme tres pale, presque hyalin par temps tres humides").

In view of the habitat ("Assez commun sur branches de charme, souvent associe

Radulum laetum and the which than those A [= Peniophora laeta] ") spores, are larger of T. which the theirs mesenterica, a species they placed among 'Cerebriformes', may be a distinct taxon. For T. mesenterica they mentionedhymenial conidia. Bourdot &

Galzin's description agrees closely with Persoon's, except for the substratum, which

is given as Fagus branches in the protologue.

When Looney concluded that the two species could not be distinguished she

maintained the T. for the combination of name lutescens on the ground page priority

in Fries's "Systema". The Code does not recognize this principle and requires that

the oldest legitimate name be retained. Luckily this is T. mesenterica.

The of T. describes this as in (67). protologue moriformis species "sessile, ... roundish or oblong masses of various sizes, not unlike mulberries in appearance,

" except being coal-black. Internally however they are of a rich deep purple hue

The accompanying figure shows the fruitbodies as semiglobular to oblong bodies and broadly appressed to the substratum, with the exposed surface thrown into

close folds. The with mulberries gyrose comparison was suggested by the general

shape and colour, and evidently did not imply that a fruitbody is composed of an

agglomeration ofglobular part-bodies. Fries, when compiling the species, translated

'clustered' in this is (meaning case, gregarious) by 'conglobatus'. It not surprising

that when a species of Tremella was found with a fruitbody that "represente une petite

forme mure des bois par la et la couleur" (Quelet), it was promptly identified with

T. moriformis. This interpretation was followed by Bourdot & Galzin, who had to

search for another name to describe what was apparently the true T. moriformis.

This T. they did under the name of violacea (69).

This of has left the form without if it is course events blackberry-like a name,

really different from typical T. moriformis. The two synonyms attributed to T. PERSOONIA Part 252 Vol. 4, 3, 1966

moriformis, viz. T. colorata Peck and T. atroglobosa Lloyd, fide Bandoni [1959 (LI 21):

would the rather than that of 148], seem to represent original fungus Quelet.

In both forms the of the basidia which is unknown in contents are purplish, any

other species of Tremella. Some published accounts indicate that the context of the

fruitbody is not homogeneous (even ifFavre's inconclusive notes are ignored).

(68). Tremella obscura is an internal parasite growing in the fruitbody of species

been ofDacrymyces; in Europe D. deliquescent (= D. stillatus) has reported as the host.

The is intended draw attention in present note to to a paper by Dangeard (i8gj)

which he described the occurrence of a tremellaceous fungus in the fruitbody of

Was D. deliquescens. He had not been able to find the spores. this perhaps T. obscura?

( 69)- When the binomialname Tremella violacea Relh. was published its author

referred back "Raii. and in referred back "C. Giss. to Syn. 22. n. 4" Ray, turn, to

194". It may be useful to those who wish to form their own opinion about the

T. identity of violacea sensu originario to quote these older authors.

Cat. PI. Giss. coloris. Dillenius, 194. 1719: “Agaricus mesentericus violacei Super antiquos Carpini truncos". Type locality: Germany, Giessen.

mesentericus Ray, Syn. meth. Stirp. brit., Ed. 3, 22. 1724: "4. Agaricus violacei coloris C. Giss.

arboreus II 194. Fungus purpureus corrugatus Doody Syn. App. 336. / (Substantia est inter gelati- & coriaceam varie sinuosus & & nosam media, rugosus, inferne laevis plana superficie lignis

& stipitibus putrescentibus innascens: color violaceus obscurior: odor non ingratus, ad Merulium Fungum accedens.)"

Fl. cantabr. Relhan, 442. 1785: "899. violacea. / Tremellasessilis, gelatinosa, rugosa, violacea,

laevis. Raii. Violet Tremella. On the branches of Trees. inferne Syn. 22. n. 4. / / decayed

A. I-XII. Tartaro vini rubri similis." / perquam

will be It not easy to prove satisfactorily precisely what fungus Dillenius had in

mind. His description is too brief. Auricularia mesenterica, rather than Pirobasidium

sarcoides the state of sarcoides (Fr.) Hohn., imperfect Coryne (Jacq. per Pers.) Tub,

comes automatically to mind, but this is only guessing. Somehow, the impression

that Auricularia mesenterica is involved is strengthened by Ray's more detailed

which I take have been drawn from that Also Relhan's description to up species.

does not invoke of the modern Tremella but rather description a species genus some

pileate species ("sessilis . . . inferne laevis"). It is significant that in the supplement to his "Flora" Relhan (1786: 32) concluded that T. violacea had better be associated with that time inclusive inter alia the later Helvella, at a very genus comprizing genus Thelephora.

The name entered a new life cycle when Persoon (1801: 623) published a Tremella violacea with a He cited T. violacea Relh. new description. as "hujus quoque loci", in this it clear that he did revive Relhan's way perhaps making not actually name but rather introduced a new species. When Fries (1822: 229, 606) published

he ascribed it Dacrymyces violaceus, the epithet to Relhan, but was Persoon's species he had in mind. the Compare phrases: "subcompressa parva compacta gyrosa DONK: On Heterobasidiae European 253

violacea" (Persooni with "minor [quam D. moriformis], compactus, subcompressus,

violaceus" Persoon substratum "ad caudices gyrosus, (Fries). gave as Pyri communis”,

Fries added “Mali”. It is this Persoonian species that mycologists have tried to

If Fries's is Tremella it be least modern interpret. species really a must rare; at no

based Swedish collection has to report on a come to my knowledge. According

NeuhofF (igg6a: 32) a collection sent to Persoon under the name of Tremella violacea

by Delastre from Vienne, France (not "Wien") belongs to Coryne sarcoides.

Two interpretations of the Persoonian-Friesian fungus have been published. The

first one goes back to E. L. Tulasne who ascribed to it sausage-shaped spores.

NeuhofF reduced it form of Exidia the to a gemmata (= Myxarium hyalinum) (45),

colour of which he described as "anfangs hyalin-grauweiss, spater weisslich, zartrosa,

lila-rosa, rosagrau, blassviolett oder schmutzigviolett", giving the substratum as

"besonders auf ..." This form has distinct colour but Rosaceen not only a presum- ably it also consistently lacks the calcareous concretions of typical Myxarium hyalinum.

It may be more than a mere form.

The other interpretation is from Bourdot & Galzin (1928: 23); they described

T. violacea form from with the as a that, judging descriptions, agrees more closely

T. original moriformis than the fungus they described under the latter name (67).

It was found on branches ofPlatanus.

In view of the inadequacy of the descriptions by Persoon and Fries I share

NeuhofF's opinion (iggGa: 29) that apparently it is not certain whether the species

described by Tulasne is the same. I am not convinced either that Bourdot & Galzin's

species was correctly named. The net result is that the name T. violacea appears un- acceptable in both its applications.

In the I in this follow the intentions of the disentangling synonymy prefer case to

authors and, therefore, let truth prevail against nomenclative fiction: a distinction

is made between T. violacea Relh. and T. violacea Pers., and the misapplications by

Tulasne and Bourdot & Galzin are related to the latter name.

Under the virescens the Tulasnes C. (70). name Coryne (1865 3: 193 pi. 18fs. 12-15)

described and depicted two states: the imperfect one (more or less distinctly, but shortly and broadly, stalked with small heads) they identified with Tremella

virescens Schum. and T. cinereo-viridis Schum.; in the prefect state (sessile, pulvinate, often somewhat proliferous and bigger) they thought they recognized

Peziza atrovirens Pers. [= Corynella atrovirens (Pers. per Pers.) Boud.]. After a careful comparison of both their text and figures this disposition ofSchumacher's two species turns out to be unsatisfactory. Both these species were described as sessile: "gregaria, subconfluens, gelatinosa . . . diaphana sessilis (minuta)". Referring Schumacher's species to the perfect state does not meet the case either; his original figure of T.

virescens published by Hornemann in the "Flora danica" does not suggest the as-

comycetous fruitbody of the known species of Corynella.

Schumacher's figure shows an agglomeration of a few small, rounded bodies, together forming a mass of about 3.5-6 mm in diameter; the individual fruitbody 254 Persoonia Vol. 4, Part 3, 1966

he described as "... suborbiculata, depressiuscula, gyroso-tuberculosa, virescens

..." addition the earlier of his This situation (in to quoted part phrase). agrees

better with Bourdot & Galzin's of T. which interpretation virescens, covers a species "Tubercules of the modern genus Tremella: 2-3 mm pulvines, agglomeres par 3-6,

plus ou moins plisses cerebriformes et chagrinees, vert clair a vert bouteille".

When Corda described a new species which he called Naematelia virescens, he

"An Tremella virescens. Schumacher . without added, . . ?", apparently definitely

identifying his species with Schumacher's. His question-mark is understandable ifit is assumed that he relied Fries's on descriptions (1822: 299; 1838: 592; sub Dacrymyces),

which do not mention that the virescens original T. was 'gregarious', or, rather,

as appears from Schumacher's figure, an agglomeration of fruitbodies. It is not

surprizing that Corda's and Schumacher's species were confused by a number of

later authors.

There be choice but T. virescens Schum. Bourdot seems to no to accept according to

& Galzin or to reject it as a nomen dubium.The first of these alternatives is the less

disturbing and at the same time the more likely. It is here accepted. As to T. cinereo-

virescens ("primo pezizaeformis"), this seems best treated as a nomen dubium. . . .

Some of the of Tremella with smaller fruitbodies (71). species are somehow associated with Thus Lundell & Nannfeldt pyrenomycetes. [1936 (LNF 5-6): 30 No. 262] remarked of T. atrovirens [= T. exigua] that the fruitbodies "emerge

normally from openings in the bark caused by the stromata of Cucurbitaria berberidis

The association is that it is an whether (Pers. ex Fr.) .... so regular open question

there exist relation between the may not some biological two fungi." When Fries (1828 E. 2: 33) admitted T. indecoratato the "Systema" he mentioned

“T. Chaill.! in similar as synonym episphaeria, litt.", a name that also suggest a relationship.

Tremella pyrenophila was described and depicted as growing on stromata of

Valsaria Ces. insitiva (Fr.) & De Not.; it was named accordingly. The protologue would with T. indecorata T. but suggest relationship or tubercularia, no spores were found and the Tremella is it is assignment to merely a guess, though supported, inter alia, by the habitat.

Sebacina globospora Whelden [1933a: 126 pi. 331; U.S.A., Kentucky] should be referred to Tremella rather than to Sebacina. Its author reported the "young fruit- bodies growing from ostioles of the perithecia of Diaporthe”. Martin [1944 (Sla

3 18 ): 54] referred this species to Tremella tubercularia. I hesitate to accept this dis-

because the described first position fruitbody was as "at hemispherical . . . becoming

effuse bodies from 6 12 mm in . . . to extent, on drying becoming chalky, pressed against but not adnate to the substratum."

Martin he of Möller's (72). {1934: 147) thought recognized one original species of Stypella (57), viz. S. minor A. Moll., in what had previously been described

Tremella as gangliformis Linder. Other authors have subsequently identifiedit with DONK: On Heterobasidiae European 255

Sebacina sphaerospora Bourd. & G. Martin further concluded that "the slender,

branched which form the of the hyphae . . . centers papillae [of Stypella minor] ...

may be referred to as paraphysoids."

Moller made it clear that these be In my opinion quite hyphae cannot 'para-

"Anstatt der Schlauche S. physoids' (dendrohyphidia): [Gloeocystidien von papillata

A. Moll.] finden sich hier . . . Biindel von starkeren Hyphen, etwa 3 fx stark, welche,

iiber die Flache hinausragend, die feinen Papillen bilden." What Moller described

that the axis of the and form the sterile were hyphae occupy papillae protrude tips of these pustules; consequently these can better be called 'teeth'. Ifthis interpretation

is then S. minor recalls minute of accepted as correct, strongly a species Protodontia,

and for the time being I refer it to that genus.

These axial hyphae, which are at most very sporadically branched or not at all,

should not be confused with the dendrohyphidia ofsuch species as Sebacina sphaero-

spora (Tremella gangliformes). This second type of structures is found throughout the

blunt hymenial region between the basidia. The pustules are also different: they are and fertile over their entire rounded surface and do not produce sterile tips of

protruding hyphae.

TULASNELLACEAE

(73). This family was recently re-defined by Talbot (ig6j: 379) to include the holobasidious species with strictly effused fruitbody and repetitive basidiospores,

therefore inclusive ofthe Ceratobasidiaceae. It is intermediatebetween the Tremelli-

and the from the former in its lack neae Aphyllophorales (Corticiaceae), differing of metabasidial and from the latter in its Its limits septa repetitive spores. are to

my mind artificial, but for the present purpose it is a convenient group.

of border that the distinction these Because some cases wipe out between two, the

Tulasnellaceae in its be taken new circumscription may as a family, or even as a

taxon of still lower rank, of the Tremellineae: Metabourdotia L. Olive (iggya: 429)

has basidia that become with the only imperfectly cruciately septate apically, septa incomplete below; and Pseudo tulasnella Lowy (1964) with similarly incompletely

septate basidia, but with Tulasnella-sterigmata.

On the other hand, the Tulasnellaceae are separated from the Corticiaceae

(Aphyllophorales) only by their repetitive spores. Donk [1964 (Pe 3): 227, 258]

thought that some of the Tulasnellaceae might well be closely related to some

of the Corticiaceae that lack the genera ability to produce repetitive basidiospores.

If Talbot had found no repetitive spores in Koleroga Donk, he would perhaps have left it in the Corticiaceae instead of including it in Ceratobasidium.

Until the taxonomic arrangement within the Tremellineae and the Aphyllo-

difficult phorales has been worked out more satisfactorily it will continue to be to know what 'Tulasnellaceae'. that this precisely to do with the It may appear is

not even a natural group; perhaps it is a 'grade' composed of taxa of various origin.

For remarks on the Tulasnella sterigma, see (87). PERSOONIA Part 256 Vol. 4, 3, 1966

Ceratobasidium

Talbot redefined this the hand he (74). Recently (1965: 382) genus: on one

reduced it by referring Corticium atratum to Oliveonia, thus excluding the element with

broadly club-shaped basidia with a long tapering base (instead of more or less

the other he admitted the sphaero-pedunculate basidia); on extra-European genus

Koleroga, in which for the first time he was able to demonstrate the occurrence of

repetitive basidiospores. His circumscription is adopted here.

Exobasidiellum

This is far known. studied (75). genus so insufficiently Many years ago I its sole

from rather material No. species poor [genotype: Syd., Mycoth. germ. 1207 (U)],

but for block notes after the last World except a stray my were destroyed shortly War. The block shows rather slender basidia, several of which are somewhat con-

stricted the at about middle, with 1-3, mostly 2, rather well-developed sterigmata,

and the that had started formwhat have been the among spores a single one to may

initial state of a secondary basidiospore on a sterigma-like outgrowth. This last

detail would seem to confirm the remark by Bresadola, the author of Exobasidium

et conidiola On the graminicola, "sporis . mox promycelium germinantibus." . .

strength ofthis slender basis, the genus is tentatively placed among theTulasnellaceae

rather than the Exobasidiaceae. — Exobasidiellum graminicola (Bres.) Donk,

comb, Exobasidium in nov.; basionym, graminicola Bres. Krieger, Fungi saxon. exs.

No. 664. 1891 (n.v.); in Hedwigia 32: 32. 1893.

Oliveonia

This is here (76). genus accepted in a newly defined sense (Talbot, 1969: 381) by admitting a species lacking gloeocystidia, viz. its only European representatative.

Now the main difference with Ceratobasidium consists in the shape of the basidia, broadly clavate with long tapering base in Oliveonia, and subglobose to obpyriform and narrowed toward the attachment abruptly (more or less sphaero-pedunculate) in Ceratobasidium.

Thanatephorus

The of this solani (77). type species generic name, Hypochnus = Thanatephorus

has cucumeris, gone through a complicated history. First, it proved to be the perfect

of state a previously described imperfect fungus that is notorious as a plant pathogen, viz. Rhizoctonia solani. Secondly, its specific epithet was changed several times for nomenclative reasons (80). Thirdly, its generic position has become a much debated taxonomic issue. Fourthly, it has by now become clear that it will be difficult

delimitating it by the traditional taxonomic methods from closely related forms.

All this has led to much confusion and as a rule the taxonomist is blamed for ex- cessive eagerness to change names. Plant pathologists, however, often forget that

have although they produced an astonishingly wide range of knowledge about the DONK: On European Heterobasidiae 257

in have also created considerable of for group, doing so they a amount chaos, not

the least part by arrogating nomenclature to their own sphere. The principal

is the this behaves its culprit, however, fungus itself; so inconsiderately that various

and forms difficult it without that aspects are to pigeon-hole. Therefore, goes saying

the synthesis of taxonomic and nomenclative problems as presented on the check

taken and list should be as personal suggestions, provisional in nature subject to alteration.

Hypochnus solani and its synonyms have done much travelling from one genus to

the has been in less than six These follows. another; species placed no genera. are as

Fr. Fr. is considered Hypochnus per [cf. 1957 (Ta 6): 75; 1963 (Ta 12): 161] now of a synonym of Tomentella Pat. and (in my opinion) is impriorable on account an earlier homonym (Hypochnus Fr. ex Ehrenb. 1820, Lichenes). The untenable concep-

tion of Hypochnus that accomodated the fungus was that of Schroeter and Brefeld,

viz. for species with interrupted hymenium. — Corticium Pers. per S. F. Gray [cf.

and Corticium have 1963 (Ta 12): 158] Fr. [cf. 1957 (Ta 6): 25] type species

Corticium Pers. and velutina DC. that (respectively roseum Thelephora per Fr.), are no

be with solani. The first longer considered to congeneric Hypochnus generic name

corresponds to Laeticorticium Donk [cf. 1957 (Ta 6): 82; Donk 1956 (Fu 26): 16],

the second, to Phanerochaete P. Karst. [cf. 1957 (Ta 6): 108; Donk 1962 (Pe 2): 223].

These two generic names Corticium are still often regarded as synonyms and accord-

ingly used for a broadly conceived artificial genus. Those who prefer a conservative

treatment are adviced to merge Thanatephorus into the inclusive genus Corticium

Pers. per S. F. Gray. — Botryobasidium Donk [cf. 1957 (Ta6): 22; 1963 (Ta 12):

fromthe conceived Corticium and intended for 1 57] was a segregate broadly genus a

set of species with deviating structure of the fruitbody. Later it was still thought to

that it into be too heterogeneous, so was divided Botryobasidium sensu stricto, Uthato-

last based — Pellicularia basidium, and Thanatephorus (the name onHypochnus solani).

Cooke was re-introduced by Rogers [1943) for a combination ofBotryobasidium (still

in a broad sense), Botryohypochnus Donk, a few odd species not referable to these two

and Pellicularia the For genera, koleroga Cooke, generic-name-bringing type species. of various reasons this resurrection Pellicularia Cooke [cf. 1957 (Ta 6): 106] has been

of the in such rejected. First, Rogers interpretation type species a way as to equal a

hymenomycetous species is untenable (Donk, 1953: Talbot 1963: 374). Secondly,

Pellicularia koleroga sensu von Hohneland Rogers, the acting type of Roger's applica-

tion Pellicularia is with solani. Donk of as a generic name, not congeneric Hypochnus

(1938c: 35) excluded it as Koleroga noxia Donk and made it the type of a distinct

genus, Koleroga Donk. Talbot (1963: 372) agreed that Pellicularia koleroga sensu

D. with but he the P. Rog. was not congeneric Hypochnus solani, thought genus

Koleroga superfluous and referred it to Ceratobasidium. — Thanatephorus was a

of combination of characters segregate from Botryobasidium, introduced because a

ofthe that taken (shape basidia, repetitive basidiospores, &c.) was to warrant generic separation. This genus has gradually become more widely accepted: it has been

taken up, for instance, by Eriksson, Christiansen, Warcup & Talbot, Talbot ( 1963), Persoonia Vol. Part 258 4, 3, 1966

and other authors. — Ceratobasidium D. P. Rog. [cf. 1957 (Ta 6): 23; Donk,

1958c: 17; T. Talbot, 1965: 382]. Olive {1957a: 431) and Pilat {1957a: 81)

considered this the receive the after it had been excluded proper genus to species

from Botryobasidium and Pellicularia sensu D. P. Rog. and referred to Thanatephorus.

Naturally whether or not to fuse Ceratobasidium and Thanatephorus is a matter of taste.

sufficient them Donk thought there were arguments to keep apart and he was recently seconded by Talbot ( 1965) in a careful and beautifully illustrated study.

I am convinced that the two genera are not very closely related.

The of found else isolated in their (78). species Thanatephorus are usually or

imperfect states, which are referred to the form-genus Rhizoctonia DC. per Fr. This

generic name is based on Sclerotium crocorum =Rhizoctonia crocorum {= R. violacea),

the imperfect state of the auriculariaceous Helicobasidium brebissonii (syn., Helico- basidium It has become and that Rhizoctonia purpureum; see p. 156). more more apparent

solani and many other rhizoctonias described as distinct species are related, or at

from any rate as a group easily distinguishable R. crocorum. It would seem that the

time has come to consider the question whether it would not be appropriate to

combine R. solani and similar species into a form-genus of their own. Those who

for wish to do so are reminded that a generic name the job is available, viz.

Moniliopsis Ruhland [cf. 1962 (Ta 11): 89; & Donk 1958c: 30].

The form-genus Moniliopsis was published to accomodate the 'Vermehrungspilz'

or 'maladie de la toile', Moniliopsis aderholdii Ruhland. The identification of this

with cucumeris has been imperfect state Hypochnus solani = Thanatephorus open to

The would be that controversy. current consensus, however, seem to Duggar {1916) was correct (or nearly so) when he identified it with Rhizoctonia solani. Actually the

boiled whether the debate has down to or not two are specifically identical, rather

whether with their than or not they are only distantly related, perfect states presumably not congeneric.

’ The number of rhizoctonias referable to ‘Moniliopsis is rapidly increasing. The strains are being isolated from various sources like diseased plants, soils, and orchids.

the of all will be of I should not That perfect state prove to species Thanatephorus care to prophesy, but those that did produce basidia in culture seem to have been referable to that genus. On the present check list I have only entered the specific

of rhizoctonias recorded from from other names Europe; possible synonyms parts of the world have been left out. It is likely that many of these so-called species will turn out merely to be strains ofRhizoctonia solani.

(79). Orcheomyces (sing.), Orcheomycetes (pi.) is a denominationintroduced by

Burgeff {1909: 16) for mycelia isolated from orchids. It was not intended as a

'. generic name in the sense of the "Code": . . wollen wir die Gruppe einfach mit

ohne diese Namen eine „Orchideenpilz" = Orcheomyces bezeichnen, systematische

zuerkennen.' other authors started cite 'Or- Bedeutung zu However, very soon to cheomyces' as a generic name, even though dealing with it either as a synonym of DONK: On European Heterobasidiae 259

Rhizoctonia or else merely incidentally mentioning it. Burgeff (1911: 25) soon regretted

this confusion and replaced it by "Mycelium Radicis", while still later, when he

between various he take the began distinguishing species, preferred to up generic

name Rhizoctonia. As far as I am aware 'Orcheomyces' was not validly published

Wolff 2 as a generic name of the binominalsystem until 1925, when [1925 (VsG 106 ):

155]> feeling obliged to describe a new species, took it for granted that Burgeff had

published a true generic name, remarking: "Der Pilz gehort zur Gattung Orcheomyces

weshalb ich ihn Neottiae benannte." He no (Burgeff), Orcheomyces gave generic

description but as the reference "(Burgeff)" is to a previously published description

the The next Wolff admitted further name was validly published. year ( 1926) species the So far of the to genus. I am not aware any other authors who have accepted

generic name Orcheomyces taxonomically.

There is also about the of the (80). disagreement correct name type species

(perfect state) of Thanatephorus. The three competing epithets are 'solani' (Dec. 1891),

'filamentosus' (Sept. 1891), and 'cucumeris' (1883) in combination with various

generic names; they came into use in this order. If 'solani' and 'cucumeris' are

to the there is regarded as pertaining same species (cf. Donk, igg8c: 31) no escape from the adoption of 'cucumeris' since it is the earliest published of the three. Some

authors have 'filamentosus'. Even if this should be preferred eventually prove to

really synonymous with 'cucumeris', which is not self-evident (cf. Donk, igg8c: 34),

its use would in any case be prevented by the earlier introduction of'cucumeris'.

betae Schenck described from beet (81). Hypochnus (ig24) was as a new species, because the fungus 'could not be identifiedwith any other described species occurring

" on the same host'. More particularly its authorfound that it differed from Rhizoctonia

violacea var. betae” (R. crocorum). After comparing perfect states (which as far as

solani from Hypochnus was concernedshe judged literature), conspecificity was thought

unlikely, not so much on morphological grounds as because a solitary inefficient

infection trial the stem of abortive. Schenck also on a potato plant proved appeared

to be incompletely informedon other aspects ofH. solani, especially on its variability,

and which had been recorded in literature. Her pathogenicity, hosts, already paper

contains no evidence that might lead to rejection ofthe thesis that H. betae is anything but solani cucumeris. typical H. = Thanatephorus

(82). The name now universally and unanimously used for the imperfect state of Thanatephorus cucumeris is Rhizoctonia solani Kiihn (1858). As discussed by Duggar

Kiihn laid the caused the (igig: 425), special stress upon symptoms by fungus;

these are of a certain form of potato disease now ascribed to R. solani. Kiihn's

of the itself leaves much to be desired it is description fungus as very incomplete.

Moreover, he attributed spores to it. Duggar remarked that "the spores mentioned were evidendy those of contaminating organisms, or else the oval cells of the tufted stage of the fungus". If, therefore, the second suggested alternative for the 'spores' PERSOONIA - Vol. Part 260 4, 3, 1966

is considered untenable it is tempting to reject the name R. solani as a nomen con-

Kiihn mentioned "... auch fusum. It is true that (1858: 225) spores: gelang es noch nicht, die Entwicklung der dunkel purpurfarbenen runden, dickwandigen, mit

kornigem Inhalt gefiillten Sporen (Fig. 221 zu verfolgen, die ich haufig eingestreut

fand." These spores, however, were not definitely taken to belong to Rhizoctonia

solani this follows from the where ; explanation to figure 20 (Kuhn, op. cit., p. xxj

they are mentionedas "die wahrscheinlichen Sporen von Rhizoctonia Solani.” They

can hardly be invoked as a basis for declaring the name of this fungus a nomen

confusum.

should be out that Rhizoctonia It pointed Duggar (191 5: 444) accepted rapae

Westend. 1851 (= R. napae West. & Wall, ex Kickx 1867) as synonym of R. solani,

identification basing his conclusion on the study of the type distribution. If this is

for R. solani would in R. accepted the correct name be any case rapae.

(83)- Rhizoctonia cavendishiani, R. lanuginosa, R. mucoroides, R. repens, ? R.

subtilis all so-called orchid sclerotica, R. sphacelati, and R. are fungi. They

were isolated mostly from exotic species of orchids growing in greenhouses in

France and Germany. Since it has become apparent that most, if not all, orchid

while furthermore fungi can also occur saprobically and be isolated from soil, they

tied the orchid from which are not necessary specifically to species they are isolated,

it is conceivable that the rhizoctonias had already been present in the greenhouses

before they entered into their association with the orchids. From more recent

researches instance in North it be concluded (for by Curtis, 1939, America) may

that it is that these also in the field and be not impossible fungi occur perhaps may

isolated from wild orchid species and still other plants like Ophioglossum. In any case,

them aliens to treat as true would seem not to be wholly justified by our present

incomplete knowledge of them.

(84). Boerema (1964; & private communication! considersRhizoctonia tuliparum

a good species, clearly distinct from but related to R. solani, which makes it likely

that it is also the imperfect state of some species of Thanatephorus.

Tulasnella

( 85)- Our knowledge of the European species of this genus is far from adequate.

The number of species more carefully and extensively studied after their first

is small. few made publication It would seem as though mycologists have any

effort to interpret Johan-Olsen's species published by Brefeld. When examined their current disposition proves disappointing; in view of their poor protologues, however,

this is not surprising (88, 90, 91, 94).

No less than Bourdot Galzin 13 new species were published by & (1924; 1928).

When the of their genus was monographed by Rogers (1933) no study types was

made; a number of the reductions he proposed resulted from the adoption of a DONK: On European Heterobasidiae 261

broad else from alone. Some of Bourdot & Galzin's species concept or guesswork

species were taken up on the basis of North American collections, but these inter-

pretations must still be confirmed by comparing them with material from Bourdot's

herbarium ( T. bifrons, T. pruinosa, T. araneosa). Many of the victims that fell because

of a broad species concept are questioned here the species involved are listedin this

future decisions T. and T. paper as autonomous, awaiting ( T. pallida, brinkmannii, eichlerianaBres.; T. helicospora Raunk.; T. albolilacea, T. vernicosa, T. sordida, T. obscura,

T. rosella Bourd. & G.; T. microspora Wak. & Pears.; T. griseorubella Litsch.). It

would seem as though some ofChristiansen's interpretations {1959) arealso debatable

(T. albida, T. lactea, and T. pruinosa Bourd. & G.; T. allantospora Wak. & Pears.;

T. griseorubella Litsch.). Thorough revision of the European species is badly needed.

For the time being it seems appropriate to keep an open mind and duly to list as

autonomous all the species rejected on not too solid grounds.

In imitation of the is often divided into (86). Rogers ( 1933) genus now two,

Tulasnella and Gloeotulasnella.The distinction was not primarily based on the absence

of characters he used the of the or presence gloeocystidia. As principal consistency

context and whether or not the basidia were embedded. Embedded basidia usually

produce longer and more irregular, rather tubular secondary sterigmata. This

division been Olive concluded that there has questioned by [1957b), who were no

limits between the he admitted inclusive Tulasnella. sharp two taxa; only one genus,

In recognition of the force of his reasoning this conclusion is adopted here. It may

Tulasnella of its be pointed out that inclusa, which is stated to have no fruitbody own, but to develop its basidia in the—non-gelatinous —fruitbody of Sistotrema brinkmannii,

was referred to Gloeotulasnella, apparently simply on account of the more finger-

shaped secondary sterigmata.

(87). The Tulasnella basidium has caused much speculation, and divergent terms

are used as regard its sterigmata. These structures have often been called sessile

and homo- spores (Juel, 1897) or epibasidia (cf. Martin, 1957), they were even Tremella unable logized with the four part-cells of the metabasidial body. I am to

these and convinced that accept interpretations am (Donk, 1958a) they are only

sterigmata, even though they deviate from the usual type occurring in the Aphyllo-

phorales in the protosterigmata; these become strongly developed and inflated and

later from the basidial further are separated body by a septum. They develop by directly producing the spiculum or by emitting a more or less well developed

tubular the outgrowth (secondary sterigma) tipped by spiculum (Donk, i954\

There is doubt in mind that these Talbot, 1954: 256 f. /). no my sterigmata are The completely homologous with those ofCeratobasidium, Agaricus, or Tremella. recent

of with tremellaceous basidial discovery a genus (Pseudotulasnella Lowy, 1964) body

and furnishes novel (apically longitudinally septate) Tulasnella-sterigmata. strong support. Part 262 PERSOONIA Vol. 4, 3, ig66

(88). When Brefeld ( 1888b: 5) published the genus Pachysterigma with four—all

new—species, he remarked that it was "als neues Genus von Olsen unterschieden

und untersucht worden". This association calls for special caution since much of

to Johan-Olsen's share in Brefeld's researches seems be connected with doubtful or

conclusions. The four apparently erroneous species are Pachysterigma fugax, P.

incarnatum, P. rutilans, and P. violaceum. None of these species is readily recognizable

from the protologue. The current application of the last mentioned name, in the

form of Tulasnella violacea, is perhaps barely acceptable but it will not be disputed

here. The other three discussed below are briefly (90, 91, 94).

Christiansen (89)- {1959), who inclines to a rather narrow species concept, recently maintained that T. helicospora is distinct from T. calospora. It is now assumed that the latter is extremely variable in the shape and development of

its spores. It is just possible that contrary to current opinion the spirally-curved

constitute valid character. spores a specific (Bourdot & Galzin, 1928: 58, called it T. calospora f. spirillifera Bourd. & G.) In order to stimulate further investigation

T. helicospora is again listed above as a distinct species.

Tulasnella has considered rosella undergone la mort sans phrase and is now to be

colour modification of T. It be merely an insignificant calospora. may recalled,

that Bourdot & Galzin that it also had habitat however, ( 1924: 264) emphasized a

“T. of its own: calosporae Boud. proxima, sed suis locis constans." It is recommen-

ded for renewed study.

Compare also T. rutilans (91).

reduces the of (go). Rogers (1933: 184, 186) Pachysterigma fugax to synonymy

Tulasnella violea broad "on the basis of (in a circumscription) coloration, texture, and form ofvarious organs". In view of the protologue, which gives a different colour and no indication of texture it is difficult to agree unconditionally with this dis-

position. The protologue states that the fruitbody consists of "einem diinnen,

graulich-durchschimmernden, mit blossem Auge kaum erkennbaren Belag", no

pinkish or violaceous tints being specifically mentionedfor this species. The spores

are stated to be 'schief eiformig' (12 X 10 f) and are so drawn; they are of about

the size those of incarnatum A dubious in same as Pachysterigma (94). species; my

there is for the choice other than list it opinion moment no to as autonomous, leaving

a more definite conclusion to a future monographer. See also (88).

I unable to of (91). am accept Roger's interpretation ( 1933: 184, 189) Pachysterig-

ma rutilans. The species he had in mind has evenly cylindrical, curved spores, viz.

typically sausage-shaped. This shape he strongly emphasized in order to differentiate his species ("spores evenly curved, evenly cylindric") from Tulasnella allantospora

("spores evenly curved, tapering toward the ends"). The protologue of P. rutilans reveals the spores as "lang gezogen und sichelformig gekriimmt" (16 X 8 fi) and

with rather which accordingly depicted as crescent-shaped sharp-pointed ends of DONK: On European Heterobasidiae 263

be decurved. slender and also variable in one may They are too perhaps more shape T. of T. circumstantial than the spores of allantospora, recalling those calospora. On

it be concluded that the of T. rutilans smaller than those evidence might spores are

of the latter but if their for indicated then species, length (16/*) once were correctly

T. they would come close to the range of the spores of calospora. The shape of the

basidia stalked also in that direction. I feel (cylindrically globules) may point

compelled to consider P. rutilans (although still doubtful) as a species certainly distinct from Rogers's interpretation; the latter is therefore renamed: Tulasnella

curvispora Donk, sp. nov.

Sporae cylindricae ut in Tulasnella allantospora Wak. & Pears, aequaliter curvatae, sed in extremis haud attenuatae itaque haud falcatae, potius allantoideae, maiores, 10-14 x 3~4 /'■

— Carpophorum tenue, ceraceo-pruinosum, lilaceo-cinerascens. Hyphae 3-4-5 ft diam.,

fibulatae. Basidia pyriformia, sterigmatibus 2-4 primo subglobosis, 5-6-8 /u diam., denique

filamentum conicum formantibus. — sporam producens Typus: Nederland, Bilthoven, leg.

M. A Donk eichlerianae lilaceo-cinereae & Donk Donk 1272, typus Tulasnellae var. Bourd. apud hanc determinationem = Tulasnella rutilans (J.-Ols. apud Bref.) Bres. sensu D. P. Rogers qui

confirmavit.

Tulasnella inclusa P. comb, Gloeotu- (92). (M. Christ.) Donk, nov.; basionym,

lasnella inclusa M. P. Christiansen in Dansk bot. Ark. 19: 41 f. 36.

(93). The first species of Tulasnella in which the remarkable basidia, so charac-

encountered Corticium teristic for the genus, were was originally published as

incarnatum Fr. described for certain ( pinicola)”. It was too briefly absolutely

identification. Compare Burt {igig: 257): "It seems probable that Corticium in-

T. carnatum var. pinicolum Tul. must have been either [Tulasnella violea] or eichleriana

of the which the Tulasnes unfor- on account subglobose spores figured, although

tunately without stating spore dimensions or scale of magnification of their figures."

considered his When Schroeter introduced the genus he only species (T. lilacina)

be the the described the Tulasnes. He did not mention to same as fungus by any microscopical details but contented himselfwith remarking, "Basidien und Sporen

in derselben Art gebildet wie bei obigen von Tulasne beschriebenen Pilze." The

macroscopic details of Schroeter's species suggest the common Tulasnella violea (fide

Bourdot & Galzin, ig28: 56).

view of all it would the of the In this, however, seem correct to accept fungus

which the Corticium Sacc. and Tulasnella incarnatum Tulasnes, on names pinicola (Tul.)

T. T. violea. Bres. are based, as well as lilacina, as belonging to

(94). The two species Pachysterigma incarnatum= Tulasnella incarnatum (J.-Ols.

' Tul. which Bresadola apud Bref.) Juel and Corticium incarnatum’ sensu (93), and Bourdot also called T. incarnatum, have been often confused. This is testified to,

for instance, by the denomination Tulasnella violea var. incarnatum "(Tul.) Juel"

Neither is identifiable from its (Bourdot & Galzin, ig28: 57). species readily proto-

logue. Part 264 Persoonia Vol. 4, 3, 1966

Rogers (1933: 184) reduced Pachysterigma incarnatum to the synonymy of Tulasnella

which in his has violea, circumscription an enormous spore range 3.5-8 X 3-6.5 /r.

The of incarnatum in the 'schief birn- spores Pachysterigma are given protologue as

formig' (11 X 8 fi) and depicted as almost typically pip-shaped; two are drawn as

but this be of Since do distinctly adaxially flattened, may a matter overdrawing. we

not know their correct dimensions (Brefeld's microscopic measurements are notor-

iously unreliable) the spores may be of the size of those of T. violea sensu stricto,

else of T. their recorded in several other or microspora provided dimensions, as cases,

reducible than the latter with its somewhat are by more fifty per cent; species more

ovoid would then also in this Tulasnella is listed spores, agree respect. fugax (80) on

this check list under T. violea, according to custom but without conviction.

DACRYMYCETALES

(95)- The taxonomic position of the only family of this order is now the subject

of The context and the of the in controversy. shape fruitbody many representatives

have caused the Dacrymycetaceae to be considered as part of the Heterobasidiae

this (Patouillard, 1900: 4, 28, as "Caloceraces"); is now the prevailing opinion. It

is defended, for instance, by Martin (1932a) who treats the Dacrymycetaceae as a

family of the Tremellales, his equivalent of the Heterobasidiaeof this check list.

I do not share this view and regard the family as a series parallel with the

Tremellales The series is well delimited [Donk, 1964 (Pe 3): 227,243]. except perhaps

for the genus Cerinomyces (105) which (in its typical species) falls more readily within

the artificially conceived Corticiaceae. If suitably enlarged by a few additional

it forms the families. species an apparently uninterrupted bridge between two

Martin McNabb convinced that this is and, most recently, are bridge dacrymycetous

territory, while I think that this is not yet fully justified for the most typical species

of Cerinomyces, perhaps owing to our still incomplete knowledge of them.

Because collectors of the jelly fungi usually do not descriminate between the

Tremellales and the Dacrymycetales the latter are included in this check list.

The (9 6)- Dacrymycetales are very troublesome for the taxonomist, not in the

least in connection with generic delimitations. Thus Patouillard & Lagerheim [1895

(BmF 11): 211] concluded that "Les genres de la serie des Dacrymycetes etant

etablis presqu'exclusivement d'apres la forme de receptacle, sont bien peu distincts

devraient consideres sections les uns des autres et peut-etre etre comme de simples

d'un unique .About forty later Neuhoff 48) still held the type . . years (1936b:

same opinion: "Es gibt überhaupt bisher kein einziges Merkmal, das innerhalb der

Familie zur Scheidung der Gattungen geeignet wäre; sämtliche gegenwärtig an-

der sind durch mit einander genommenen Gattungen Dacrymyceten Uebergänge verbunden." More recently, however, through the work of Kobayasi (1939b, cl and

McNabb (1964, 19630-6, publication in progress) the situation has improved,

in the limits still far fromsettled. These few remarks although many cases generic are DONK: On European Heterobasidiae 265

are not an introduction to a better understanding of the systematics of the family

much in the but they are intended to serve as a warning that too stability generic

conceptions should not be expected in the near future.

Calocera

(87). Calocera cavarae is known from a single collection so that its specific status

is still difficult to assess. McNabb treats it as a variety of C. viscosa.

As understood Calocera is variable in (98). here, cornea a very species, accepted alloted McNabb. of almost the same circumscription to it by However, only some

his of those based material have been Calocera synonyms on European entered;

cincta, C. brefeldii, and C. stricta are discussed separately below (99, 102, 103). All

based collections and listed McNabb of names on extra-European by as synonyms

Calocera have been omitted. These all of which reduced to cornea names, were

synonymy without discussion, are: Calocera pilipes Schw. (U.S.A., North Carolina): C. nigripes Syd. (ex-Belgian Congo); C. rufa Lloyd (Tasmania); C. vermicularis Lloyd

New described fruitbodies which (U.S.A., York), as having cespitose were pure

white when soaked and pale yellow when dry; and Calopposis nodulosa Lloyd (U..S.A., Massachusetts) and Calopposis damae-cornis Lloyd (South Australia). Calopposis nodu-

losa is the of the The characterized type generic name Calopposis. genus was as from like those of Calocera.” having "a basal cushion-likebody which proceeds clubs a

The of this basal cushion has been disclosed. is in nature not (The type specimen

damae-cornis stated its author to have fruit- very poor condition.) Calopposis was by

bodies which are "pale white, with the slightest yellow tint" and spores as big as

16 8 X fi.

Clavaria Cl. cincta” Pers. C.: (99). cornea “β. (1797 186/54) was ver T briefly

described, the leading character being "basi tomento annulatim cincta." There is little to differentiateit from Calocera cornea. When Secretan published Clavaria cincta

as a species of its own he specifically cited Persoon's as the epithet-bringing basionym. However, his description strongly suggests that he was dealing with

Calocera fareata rather than C. cornea.

(100). The specific status of Calocera striata is still under discussion. Bourdot &

Galzin from it kept it distinct C. cornea, and Neuhoff ( 1936b: 36, in obs.) called a well-characterized and rare species. McNabb reported it as not uncommon in the

British Isles, at the same time stating that there it is usually found in association with more typical fruitbodies of C. cornea. He reduced it to the latter species.

(101). McNabb ( 1965a: 45, 46) merged Dacryomitra pusilla (including D.

in Calocera and ascribed the glossoides Bref.) glossoides to resulting taxon spores which and become What he did not state are usually 12-14.5 p long three-septate. 266 PERSOONIA Part Vol. 4, 3, 1966

in so many words was that there could not be a taxon as conceived by Bourdot &

Galzin under of Calocera lance- the name glossoides with more or less flattened, or

tongue-shaped fruitbodies, not markedly divided into a stalk and a fertile portion,

and with smaller 8—12 which spores (about /u long) are non-septate (and perhaps

may be expected to become tardily one-septate). Although I do not deny that these

two collection of each of which I have studied be conceptions (a carefully) may not

connected I convinced of it. If these intermediates by intermediates, am not yet then really exist, the last barrier between Calocera sensu stricto and Dacryomitra as

distinct sectional taxa, even at the level, would have been removed. It seems worth

while to mind and await additional evidence before to keep an open coming a

definite conclusion one way or the other. If the two conceptions should both prove

to deserve specific rank, the epithet 'pusilla' must be recombinedwith 'Calocera'.

McNabb listed of Calocera (102). {ig6ya: 41, 42) Guepinia brefeldii as a synonym

cornea without comment. Lloyd described the fruitbody as flattened with the hyme-

nium side had been determined Saccardo on one only. It previously by as Calocera

but the palmata. Lloyd's accompanying photographs are poor they give me impression

that they show flattenedfruitbodies with rounded, entire tops, not at all suggestive

of Calocera forma cornea or its palmata.

(103). When Fries instated Calocera stricta he divided it into two forms, the

typical one ("a. truncorum”) and "b. epiphylla”. The latter, by its size and its being

compared with Clavaria brachyorrhiza Scop., seems best considered as simply an

undivided form ofCalocera viscosa rather than C. furcata. As for typical Calocera stricta,

Neuhoff (igg6a: 25) disposed ofit as a form ofC. viscosa, while McNabb (igGga: 42)

referred it Both authors studied in Fries's herbarium to C. cornea. a specimen (collected

in but since the in this is the 1853! specific name was published 1838 evidently not

McNabb founded his circumstancial evidence: "In later work type. opinion on a

Fries cited of C. (1874, p. 680) Bonorden's illustration fasciculata as representative

of f. truncorum. The basidiocarps illustrated are typical of the simple formof C. cornea

and unlike variants of C. viscosa encountered this are any during investigation."

The original description (of forma truncorum) by which Calocera stricta must be

primarily judged runs: "simplex, solitaria, elongata, basi praemorsa, linearis, lutea,

laevis. In 1. basi tomentuloalbo cincta. Cl. cincta sicca, pinetis . 1 unc. cornea . .,

Pers. ?" There is little in this protologue to provide a satisfactorily choice between

C. viscosa C. and C. all ofwhich (simple forms), large cornea, furcata, occur exclusively,

coniferous time or may occur, on wood. For the being I prefer to enter C. stricta as

of its For remarks C. a nomen dubium, unlikely to represent a species own. on

cincta, see (99)-

Calocera raised Calocera (104). cornea var. subsimplex Bres. was to specific rank as

sub Britz. It is known what the McNabb simplex (Bres.) not type represents. ( ig6ga:

52) concluded from the original description that "Macrofeatures, spore size and DONK: On European Heterobasidiae 267

shape, and habitat all strongly suggest that this species is Calocera glossoides.” It is

" evident that what he had in mind is entered on this check list as Dacrymitra” pusilla rather than Calocera glossoides (101): the spores (12-18 X 4-5 9) as well as several

features mentioned the former. other in the protologue suggest

As both his and measurements to Britzelmayr's interpretation, figure spore described (8-10 X 4-5 fi) are strongly suggestive of quite typical Calocera glossoides, as by Bourdot & Galzin and as distributed by Fuckel (GRO).

" McNabb acted as if two different names were involved, Calocera cornea var.

" subsimplex Bres." (p. 52) and Calocera subsimplex Bres. in Britzelm." (p. 55). In my opinion Britzelmayr raised Bresadola's variety to specific rank, (perhaps) with simul- taneous misapplication of the basionym.

Cerinomyces

(105). The inclusion of this genus in the Dacrymycetaceae has become a matter of debate. Cerinomyces and its predecessor Ceracea Cragin sensu Pat. have almost consistently been referred to this family, mainly because the basidia are regarded as

1 typically Dacrymyces- like. On the other hand Eriksson [1958 (Sbu 16 ): 46] and

could well Donk ( 1956: 375) suggested that the typical species of Cerinomyces just as be referred to the Corticiaceae (Aphyllophorales). Martin {1957: 25) called this view "utterly fantastic and completely without merit", without, however, offering

further That left who into any comment. was to Kennedy {1999a: 880-881) went the matter more carefully, though not without a certain misinterpretation ofprecisley

Still decided what had been stated. more recently McNabb {1964: 415) also that

be included a strongly enlarged genus Cerinomyces were to in the Dacrymycetaceae.

The generic name Cerinomyces is based on C. pallidus G. W. Mart. (extra-European).

Together with the European C. crustulinus this species produces completely effused fruitbodies which attached the root-like at no stage are to substratum by or narrowed bases, and which are not gelatinous. Thebasidia are comparatively plump and are not embedded in a matrix, so that the sterigmata protrude free into the air.

The do become known be of spores not septate nor are they to capable producing the kind of small conidia so commonly met with among the Dacrymycetaceae. Not

of these matched of all features are by any the Dacrymycetaceae; the others occur only sporadically in this family. On the other hand certain species ofthe Corticiaceae are known also to have stichic, mostly two-spored basidia (Clavulicium Boid.), strongly

" and Corticium” Dacrymyces-like spores as to shape, size, septation (for instance, terrigenum Bres., cf. Talbot, 1969: 401 f ig); and strongly developed sterigmata that in this do not to of the respect yield any species Dacrymycetaceae (Thanatephorus the time be Donk) and at same may even constantly at twos [T. sterigmaticus (D.

P. Rog.) Talbot]. There can be no doubt that Cerinomyces pallidus is typically

'corticiaceous'. What is really needed to make this species 'dacrymycetaceous' is an improved definition of the Dacrymycetaceae, one that would draw a sharper line of distinction from the Corticiaceae. 268 PERSOONIA Vol. 4, Part 3, 1966

As I have already intimated, and Corner has clearly expressed, the Corticiaceae

is but conceived not a proper (natural) family, only a grade, a receptacle originally

to include all effused holobasidious Hymenomycetes. It should gradually dwindle

families: away, for instance by the exclusion of groups that can be attached to other

thus Coniophora and Coniophorella have been transferred to the Coniophoraceae,

Tomentella to the Thelephoraceae (emend.), and so on [cf. Donk, 1964 (Pe 3):

199-324]. I have no (and never have had any) a priori objection to removing Cerino-

from the Corticiaceae and it the myces transferring to Dacrymycetaceae, provided

the for this and and arguments are augmented more precisely presented prove

convincing for the mycologist. It is, for instance, desirable to know more about

the cytology (position of the division-spindle of the diploid nucleus) of C. pallidus

and other species with more or less similar basidia.

The inclusion of Tulasnella in the Corticiaceae rather than the Tremellaceae

(Donk, op. cit. pp. 227, 258) is another instance where a more satisfactory re-

of the effu.ed of Tremellineae ofthe arrangement species the and a revised appraisal

limits of this taxon is needed. In this case much depends on a better understanding

of the taxonomic value of the ability to produce secondary basidiospores. I would

not be surprised if eventually Tulasnella were to be closely associated with tremella-

ceous genera.

McNabb ( 1964) assembled in Cerinomyces a series ofspecies that would completely

differences bridge the between C. pallidas and more typical Dacrymycetaceae. If

C. one is disposed to interpret pallidus as a strongly 'reduced' species, the possibility

be faced that the of this consists of 'reduced' members of various must parts bridge

of rather than clean series links'. groups Dacrymycetaceae a of 'missing

Dacrymyces

(106). Although most of the groups of Hymenomycetes have become impen-

etrable tangles to those wishing to sort out the taxa by the best current methods,

afflicted man-made difficulties than others. is some groups are more by Dacrymyces

one of the examples where mycologists are perhaps more to be blamed than nature

for the troubles involved in peeling out the species and their correct names. In-

sufficient inexact descriptions, erroneous observations, measurements, hasty con-

of the clusions, not deigning to preserve material, imperfect knowledge literature,

and erratic nomenclature have been the of liberally sown throughout building up

of the To make matters there the difficulties our knowledge genus. worse are many presented by the objects themselves.

those who have had share in Among unquestionably an important increasing our

knowledge of the genus was Brefeld. He elaborated the classification of the jelly

the basis laid the Tulasnes and de fungi on out by Bary, although he tried too hard

inflate his he had intimate of to own importance. In addition, an knowledge more

of than before him. It that he species Dacrymyces any person was a pity, however, was not a well-trained taxonomist: as far as I know he did not preserve specimens; DONK: On European Heterobasidiae 269

his often specific descriptions are poor, overlooking important details, and they are

usually drowned in a verbose text from which they can sometimes be rescued only

by patient analysis. His microscopical measurements are almost always wrong,

being usually much too large. The trouble is that it is not always possible to decide

how far his measurements —if in wrong spore are they are not perhaps some cases, after as an exception, correct all.

All these factors have contributed to subsequent complications. Some of his

species have been too easily suppressed, apparently because his 'hidden' descriptions

were not read carefully enough (D. longisporus). Others are still problematic because

of about the dimensions discussion under D. uncertainty true spore (cf. lutescens).

To revaluate Brefeld's work on Dacrymyces I have tried below to distil the descriptions

of some of his species from the prolixity and to indicate what has been said about

them. All references to the blastoconidia are omitted.

(107). Karsten is another author who contributedto our knowledge of Dacrymyces

in Europe by describing a relatively large number of new species. His descriptions,

and illustrations. In however, are usually poor they are not accompanied by some

his respects work is superior to Brefeld's; on the whole his spore dimensions have

been found be while he the of his to quite accurate, moreover preserved types new

taxa. This will enable the monographer to identify most of his species. If I am well

informed, we shall hear more about them in the near future, so that no notes are

appended to his names.

(108). Judging from the description ofCeracea aureofulva published by Bresadola,

this corticioid fruitbodies that form rather extensive species produces may crusts

so that he placed it in Ceracea Cragin as this genus was understood by Patouillard.

The referred dacrymycetoid species to this genus at one time or another have now

been distributed over Cerinomyces (105) and Arrhytidia. As now defined Cerinomyces

has truly effused, often confluent fruitbodies that are never attached to the sub-

limited root-like base. In thecorticioid stratum by a definitely or Arrhytidia appearence

is the result of confluence of more or less distinctly rooted fruitbodies such as are

Whether typical of Dacrymyces. Arrhytidia should be maintained as a genus or not is

still which will be discussed here. an open question not

As to Ceracea aureofulva, it is not evident from the published descriptions which of the two 'resupinate' genera it could be referred to, but the odds are against re-

it Since I doubt that is have entered ferring to Cerinomyces. Arrhytidia a good genus, I the species in Dacrymyces.

Hohnel identified with von [1908 (SbW 117): 1027] C. aureofulva Dacrymyces

and he also of corticioides Ell. & Ev. confluens thought Dacrymyces as a possible synonym. Coker [1928 (JMS 43): 237] and Brasfield [1938 (AMN 201: 214], who both indicated that they studied authentic material, listed C. aureofulva as a synonym of Arrhytidia involuta (Schw.) Coker, a species to which Coker and Martin also referred Dacrymyces

corticioides. Bresadola [1911 (Am 9): 425] dissented from the identification of C. aureofulva with Dacrymyces confluens. 270 PERSOONIA Vol. 4, Part 3, 1966

Recently Dr. R. F. R. McNabb kindly informed me that he intends to treat

of corticioides. He is of the that this Ceracea aureofulva as a synonym Dacrymyces opinion

species has usually been confused with Arrhytidia involuta, but he considers the two

distinct, and, he added, most of the descriptions of A. involuta in fact apply to D.

corticioides [1885 (JM 1): 149].

(109). The species is currently known as D. palmatus, but the corresponding

basionym, Tremella palmata Schw., is pre-occupied. The next name to be considered

is Dacrymyces rubiformis; this species has been redescribed in detail by Neuhoff.

Kennedy suggested that it might be conspecific with D. palmatus, but Neuhoff, who

knew themboth, kept them apart. The spore dimensions ofD. palmatus are practically

same of the in Kennedy's description [1939b: 907; 17-21 (-25I /i long] and that

Neuhoff's while those of D. {1936b: 44; 18-28 fx long), rubiformis are decidedly

smaller: to Neuhoff there according [1936b: 43; i6-i8(-2o) //, long]. However,

seems to be some overlapping and the possibility that the correct name will appear

to be D. rubiformis cannot be ruled out as improbable. The decision must be left to

later since I feel this The older a monographer, not competent to act at stage. next

name is Dacrymyces chrysosperma.

Tremella T. described and (110). pinicola Britz. = britzelmayri was poorly

depicted. Britzelmayr himselfcompared it with T. mesenterica: "... auch beziiglich

der Sporen wie T. mesenterica”,a species whose spores he simultaneously depicted as

and them be inevitable that globose stating to 11-15 X 9-10 fi. It was eventually

T. pinicola would be referred to T. mesenterica, also in view of the fact that after all

the latter species has very rarely been reported from coniferous wood. A collection

from Picea abies determined Neuhoff T. and made in Denmark was by as pinicola

considered him T. mesenterica by a variety of (cf. Bjornekaer, 1944: 25, 33).

The original figures, however, plus the fact that it was not merely accidentally

T. that Britzelmayr found pinicola but that he came across it repeatedly on diverse

substrata der Rinde Fohren oder Latschen her- gymnosperm ("aus von Fichten, vorbrechend") point into another direction. If Britzelmayr had said nothing about

the spores, I would, without much hesitation, have suggested Dacrymyces chrysosperma

[D. palmatus (Schw.) Bres. apud Hohn.], a species that Britzelmayr reported and

depicted under the name Dacrymyces multiseptatus G. Beck simultaneously with the

publication of Tremella pinicola.

The not for T. globular spores depicted (but described) by Britzelmayr pinicola of T. are about the same size as those of mesenterica on the same plate, or perhaps

slightly smaller; therefore, (assuming that they were correctly recorded) they must be about in somewhat For this accepted as measuring 10 fx diameter, or larger. T. and other reasons I cannot agree with Ade [1923 (ZP 2): 63] who wrote about

pinicola: "Es stellt m.E. [T. pinicola] nur Dacrymyces abietina mit den zahllos vorkom-

menden Konidien nicht vor." (3-4 fx, langlichrund), Sporen, On Heterobasidiae DONK: European 271

(in). One of Brefeld's neglected species is what he erroneously identified with

As will from of Brefeld's with Dacrymyces chrysocomus. appear a comparison account

the current interpretation of D. chrysocomus (sensu Fries) the two species have little

Brefeld's in common. The following description was drawn up from data ( 1888a:

156 pi. 10 fs. 12-17):

Fruitbodies Tremella-like, closely resembling conidial states of Tremella lutescens [sensu Bref

= T. mesenterica],, often formed along the whole length of a branch, developing only during

very wet weather, upon drying shriveling up to almost complete inconspicuousness, sessile,

first then at globosely vaulted, upon enlarging developing several deep depressions, 3-18 x

3-10 mm, 2-8 mm high (after figure), fierily yellow-orange, gradually becoming softer,

diffluent into which almost finally a colourless mucus completely disappears upon drying;

context soft, tremblingly jelly-like, colourless except for hymenial layer. Basidia huge, the

base wider than the from which arise rounded, 2.5-3 X hyphae they (after figure), elongated

club-shaped, then forked into two strongly developed sterigmata, with coloured contents; in

young fruitbodies mixed with sterile hyphal ends. Spores short-thickset, adaxially slightly

in dorsal depressed, view oblong, apiculate, 35 X 15 (jl [presumably incorrect measurements],

after in becoming multiseptate immediately being shed; septa up to 12-14 (after figures),

very large spores up to 19, closely set, some oblique; contents (in unseptate spores) dense,

with central — The size of the from the coloured, hyaline guttule. spores as computed figures

16: (pi. 1 of. 4) is about 30 X 14 p. On small, fallen branches of Pinus silvestris. Throughout the winter. Germany, presumably

Westphalia, near Minister.

It is difficult to understand how Neuhoff (1936b: 39) could identify this Brefeldian

species with D. conformis (P. Karst.) Neuh., which in its original sense and to all

Neuhoff's other than appearances in conception is nothing Femsjonia pezizaeformis.

In there is almost in Brefeld's the any case nothing description to suggest species

Neuhoff described as Dacrymyces conformis.

Dr. D. A. Reid (in litt.) feels sure that Brefeld's conception is identical with the

described under the of estonicus species some years ago name Dacrymyces Raitv.,

a species characterized by basidia that have been termed urniform, viz. with a

basal swollen portion and a narrower distal portion. The broadly rounded base

Brefeld for the basidia and of the basidia he drew this emphasized some support view.

Since Brefeld's studies it has become (112). on Dacrymyces customary to distinguish

between a species occurring in both an arthrosporous and a basidiferous state, and

that resemble one or more species closely the former in many particulars but that

are not capable of producing arthrospores. Brefeld called the first D. deliquescens, but

the correct name is D. stillatus (120). The others he called D. cerebriformis and D.

lutescens. It is form well-founded not easy to a opinion about these latter species as to

status either their or their correct names.

Keeping to the tradition that in Europe there is only one species which forms

and that similar arthrospores fungi which do not produce them are specifically

distinct (which is not altogether self-evident) I have assembled the latter crowd

under the name Dacrymyces lacrymalis. From the following discussions it will be PERSOONIA Vol. Part 272 4, 3, 1966

seen that this group is nothing but a receptacle for several taxa that have so far not

been adequately delimitatedfrom one another and/or on which conflicting opinions

have been published.

As to D. lacrymalis, Nees considered it one of the two intergrading forms (states)

that he combined under the name of D. stillatus. This is the earliest disposition of

the name. In the absence of sufficient contra-indications it is common practice to

follow such a disposition, which in this case would amount to identifying D. lacrymans

with the basidiferous state of D. stillatus.

Fries made D. of D. stillatus and such it lacrymalis a variety (original sense) as

gradually evolved into D. lutescens Neuh. — D. lutescens Bref. sensu Neuh. the counter-

part of D. stillatus never producing arthrospores. Donk [1964: 10) took Fries's

based the described in variety as exclusively on fungus Persoon 1822 (p. 104) as

D. lacrymalis, a conclusion supported by a comparison of Persoon's and Fries's

diagnoses of 1822. (It is possible that the fungus Persoon described in 1801 is not

the same as the one of 1822.)

As present I do not feel competent to decide between the two interpretations and

in taking up the name D. lacrymalis I merely follow the main trend which looks on

D. lutescens Neuh. = D. stillatus Fr. Tremella Pers. unable to var. /?. = lacrymalis as

hence different from D. stillatus produce an arthrosporous state, as (original sense).

Two further of D. mentioned above the interpretations lacrymalis are briefly on

check list.

At first Fries listed Bull, (113). (1822: 230) Dacrymyces deliquescens as synonym

of the original D. stillatus (120). Duby (1830: 729) exchanged the two names of the

of Fries. for taxon Nees and This preference the name D. deliquescens has become

Donk convinced that the widely accepted. ( 1964: 6) was not entirely two species

were in fact the same. He discussed Bulliard's protologue and the various con-

ceptions of the species in some detail, in the end concluding that D. deliquescens was

apparently not conspecific with D. stillatus. He regarded it a nomen dubium to be withdrawn from circulation. In if wishes D. any case, one to identify deliquescens

with D. stillatus in a very inclusive sense, the former has in accordance with present

rules of nomenclature a 'later' name, as it was revalidated after D. stillatus. Were I

compelled to accept D. deliquescens, I would perhaps identify it with D. lacrymalis in the in this rather than with D. minor temporary sense adopted publication, (114).

(114). Dacrymyces minor was described from North America. Although Coker

" had that it the D. previously suggested might be same as deliquescens” it was not reported from Europe until Kennedy {1959b: 908) did this under the name D. deli-

minor quescens var. (Peck) L. Kenn. She listedit from England, Germany, and Sweden

" and included in its f. lutescens (specimens studied) synonymy Dacrymyces deliquescens

1822 rather than Fries, Syst. Myc. 2: 230. (teste Neuhoff)" (a variety, a form, not

" named by Fries on this occasion), Dacrymyces lutescens Bref. sensu Neuhoff, Arkiv for " Bot. 28 A 1: 41 [= 43, 48]. 1936", and Dacrymyces deliquescens f. [= var.] fagicola DONK: On European Helerobasidiae 273

Bourd. & Galz. Hymen. France 67 [= 68]. 1928". Thus, she actually identified

D. lutescens sensu Neuh. with the North American D. minor. She did not explain the

"teste Neuhoff". I am not aware that Neuhoff ever identified the two. Neuhoff's latest for does this description (see p. 274 an English translation) not readily support

he described the individual fruitbodies small identification, although as (1-3 mm

wide) and often becoming confluent at maturity.

inclusion D. D. The (without any comment) of deliquescens var. fagicola= fagicola was apparently not the result of an inspection of authentic material. To judge from its original description ("tubercules lenticulaires, 0,5 mm diam., en groupes serres") the fruitbodies of this species are not only differently shaped, but they are also much smaller and more densely crowded. In all these respects Dacrymyces fagicola imme-

diately brings to mindD. succineus sensu Boud. Since there is still a clear and apparent-

broad ofdoubt it wise D. for the ly margin seems to treat fagicola present as a species

distinct from D. minor.

When minor I had to decide whether to merge D. in the complex of D. lacrymalis

here it I chose the second alternative (as delimited) or to keep separate mainly to

draw attention to it. Apparently the species had already been described from Europe

found but under the name of D. gallaicus. This was on gymnosperm wood,

D. minor is from wood it be although nearly always reported angiosperm may

recalled that Kennedy gave the habitat as "angiosperm or rarely gymnosperm

wood".

Compare Tremella guttata Bon. and Dacrymyces saccharinus Sacc. & Trav., both published at an earlier date than D. minor.

(115). Dacrymyces lutescens Bref.—Brefeld {1888a: 152 pi. 10 fs. /, 2) compared

this species with his D. deliquescens 11 and gave a description that was mainly differen-

tial and contained the following information.

Fruitbodies in with D. somewhat and comparison deliquescens on an average larger brighter in when few the latter in colour, viz. pale orange, young showing only a folds, increasing

number while the shed and then the spores are being developing into crater-like depressions,

and in firmer and diffluent two fruitbodies depicted 12 13 mm diam.; context not during or

after colourless with section. Basidia wider and sporulaton, orange hymenial layer on larger.

wider and 28 10 erroneous see Spores larger, X p [presumably measurements, below],

but form and also same kidney-shaped becoming 3- (rarely 4-)septate. No arthrospores

('Gemmen') formed, at least these not observed either in nature or in cultures. — The size of

the from is spores as computed the figures ( pi. 10f. 2: 3) 17.8 X 7.2 p.

11 As conceived 1888a this is by Brefeld ( : 141 pi. g) Dacrymyces stillatus sensu stricto (120).

He described in great detail both its arthrosporous and its basidiferous state, as well as the

behaviour the in culture. It find that in this his of of spores is surprising to case measurements

the with from the spores are correct: 15 X 5 p.; this also agrees measurements computed

for In connection with Brefeld's that figures, instance, 16.5 X 5.7 p {pi. gf. 3: 3). statement

D. lutescens has the fruitbodies it be that this on an average larger may pointed out would

be if the fruitbodies of D. he had been drawn hardly true deliquescens depicted {pi. g f. 1)

correctly to scale ('natural size'); in that case the fruitbodies ofD. lutescens would have been unusually large. PERSOONIA Part 274 Vol. 4, 3, 1966

On dead wood of frondose trees. Winter. Germany, presumably Westphalia, near Miinster (Brefeld).

There is a remarkable discrepancy between the statement that the basidia and

than in stillatus spores are considerably larger D. and the measurements computed

from the plate, the latter being much smaller than the measurements given in the

This wouldlead the that in ofthe mentioned text. to conclusion perhaps none aspects

are the spores of D. lutescens essentially different from those ofBrefeld's interpretation

of D. stillatus.

Neuhoff has and of his (1956b: 43, 49) given a description notes interpretation

of Brefeld's species of which the following is a translation from the German:

scattered at almost and Fruitbodies or gregarious, first orbicular, disk-shaped appressed

or with somewhat deflexedmargins, soon forming few sharply contrasting folds then developing

almost with often confluent in D. D. irregularly (often foliaceous), age as deliquescens [=

and the stillatus] with blunt-edged gyrose folds on surface; individual fruitbodies 1-3 mm

wide; colour pale yellow to golden yellow, in dried condition [fruitbody] often hardly visible.

or less Spores io-i4(—16) X 4-5.5 (x, usually indistinctly septate, some more distinctly 4-celled.

On frondose wood.

which frondose 12 is the Observations.—Dacrymyces lutescens, grows only on wood, most

one the of The flat . polymorphous of all species Dacrymyces. . . . disk-shaped young stages . . the of in in are distinguishable not only by kind wood but also by a difference colour; older specimens the shape of the fruitbodies is mostly distinctly different from those of [D. stillatus].

of D. lutescens show cell-formation often than those in The spores a more pronounced more

caesius and D. in this then with D. cerebriformis; respect they frequently agree [D. stillatus].

I have given full information on both Brefeld's fungus and Neuhoff's interpretation

of it inter alia in connection with the opinion (Kennedy, 1959b) that Dacrymyces

lutescens Bref. of D. D. stillatus were merely a synonym typical deliquescens [— sensu

stricto] (p. 910), and D. lutescens Bref. sensu Neuh. a synonym of D. minor Peck

last described from America (p. 908), the a species originally North and not pre-

viously reported from Europe (114). It is regrettable that Kennedy did not comment

on these conclusions. It might have been expected that she wouldhave invalidated

Brefeld's dictum that his D. lutescens differed from his conception of D. deliquescens

its in (=D. stillatus) by inability to produce arthrospores even culture, since, as one

of the main features, she emphasized for D. deliquescens the production of "arthro-

spores in the basidiocarp or in separate sporocarps (rarely absent)"!

Brefeld The general tendency is to disregard the size of the spores given by

of the of (28 XlO /u) as merely an error—an error unusually large magnitude

about hundred cent! The remains that in the true D. one per possibility reality lutescens also has larger spores than D. stillatus. After all, Brefeld did find some unusual species of Dacrymyces (cf. D. longisporus, D. ovisporus) and this may be one of them.

D. lutescens Bref. is either close D. Summarizing, (sensu orig.) a species very to stillatus too close for convenient a ■—perhaps separation—, or, conceivably, good

12 Implying that D. delinquescens sensu Neuh. (= D. stillatus) was restricted to coniferous which is wood, not the case (120). DONK: On Heterobasidiae European 275

species distinguishable from D. stillatus not only by its lack of arthrospore formation but also by its, on an average, considerably larger spores.

If this second alternative is not ruled out a then the name D. lutescens Bref. priori,

for this still and in must be reserved hypothetical large-spored taxon, any case dropped for the species to which Neuhoff applied Brefeld's appellation. The name

D. lutescens Neuh. (non Bref.), being a later homonym, is not available at all.

(116). Dacrymyces cerebriformis Bref.—The following description is drawn up from Brefeld's account (i888a: 153 pi. 10fs. 4-8).

the in diam. Fruitbody on wood, erumpentthrough loose covering bark, 3-12 mm (from the reach considerable often the surface which figures), may sizes, gregarious, outstanding by is from the thrown into abundant brain-like when start gyrose folds, young pale yellowish; on

of birchwood the fruitbodies inch-broad surfaces and then somewhat hedges may cover are more strongly coloured and occasionally showing a brownish tint in the centre of older portions, rather firm, not diffluent. Basidia still larger than in D. lutescens. Spores big, long,

X 8 more curved and 25-28 n [measurements presumably incorrect], strongly (from figure) slender after more than in D. deliquescent [= D. stillatus] and D. lutescens, immediately being

shed •—- The size of the from the becoming 3- (rarely 4-5-)septate. spores calculated plate (pi.

6: is different from that stated in the viz. the measured 10f. 3, 4) text, 20 x 6.6-7.2 p., length in a straight line from base to top.

dead near Preferentially on wood of Betula.Winter, Germany, presumably Westphalia, Mtinster (Brefeld).

As conceived by Neuhoff (igg6b: 43) the spores of this species would be 10-14

This shows he considered Brefeld's dimensions be (-16) X 4-4.5 /<• that spore to

hundred one per cent too large.

Neuhoff's inter- If the spore measurements given by Brefeld are ignored, then

with Brefeld's and pretation (igg6b: 43, 50) seems to agree very closely description

well be taken correct. Neuhoff that the may very as was not quite sure, however, species could be maintained in the future, perhaps implying that it might be too closely related to D. lutescens Bref. sensu Neuh.

reduced D. and D. Kennedy ( igggb: 911) cerebriformis (with a question mark)

Coker without cerebriformis sensu Neuh. (without a question mark) to D. ellisii any comment. The latter species she interpreted as a taxon not producing arthrospores; this feature has been contested (121).

(117). In publishing Dacrymyces harperi, Bresadola fell victim to Brefeld's spore measurements (if these are in fact incorrect, which is very likely). The description reads Bresadola remarked of his exactly like that of D. cerebriformis; new species,

"Habitus Dacryomycetis cerebriformis et D. lutescentis, sed sporis duplo minoribus diversus" (115, 116).

(118). Dacrymyces longisporus Bref. seems to be an extremely rare species which,

Neuhoff as far as I am aware, has not been recorded since its description by Brefeld.

of but (igg6b: 39, 52) dismissed it casually as a synonym Dacrymyces chrysocomus, PERSOONIA Part 276 Vol. 4, 3, 1966

this must be an error; apparently it was caused by a superficial likeness between

the of the In other D. is spores two species. respects longisporus widely different, even in some important spore characters. The following description may serve to

underline this it drawn from Brefeld's conclusion; was up original account ( 1888a:

158 pi. lofs. 18, ig).

Fruitbodies gregarious, closely resembling those of D. ovisporus, small, punctiform, hardly

the small reaching size of a pin-head, vaulted, surface even, without any indication of folds,

pale yellow. Spores oblong-cylindrical, adaxially flattened to depressed, the base somewhat

incorrect attenuate, distinctly apiculate (after figures), 35-40 X 15 p [presumably measure-

ments], becoming 11-14-septate, with some longitudinal walls in central portion. — The size

of the from the 10 18: is about 10-11 spores as computed figures (pi. f 6, 7) 31.3-34.7 X p.

Old hedges. Germany, presumably Westphalia, near Miinster (Brefeld).

This with Bref. species was found mixed Dacrymyces ovisporus (119); the fruitbodies

of the could be the This two species distinguished only by looking at spores. strongly

suggests that the fruitbodiesof D. longisporus are the same as in D. ovisporus, pin-head

shaped, pustulate, rather than disk- to cup-shaped and fairly large like in full-

fruitbodies of D. which Neuhoff reduced Brefeld's grown chrysocomus to species

in the latter the become than fungus. Moreover, species spores not more 8-septate

(according to Neuhoff himself). Not only is the number of septa smaller, but no

walls in of longitudinal develop the spores D. chrysocomus.

(119). Dacrymyces ovisporus Bref. is a rare species of which only four collections

are on record for Europe. These were described by Brefeld (1888a: 158 pi. 10 fs.

4 20, 2i) from Germany (type apparently not preserved), Laurila [1930 (AVa io ):

2] from Finland, and Neuhoff (1996b: 40, 44) and Kennedy (1959b: 899) from

Sweden. The descriptions supplement and correct one another. The species is now

relatively well known and highly characteristic.

The is draft from Brefeld's following an attempt to an 'original' description

account (i888a: 158 pi. 10fs. 20, 21).

Fruitbodies difference apparently gregarious, closely resembling those of D. longisporus, no

worth mentioning to be detected except microscopically. Basidia with vaulted top between

the two sterigmata, which arise subapically instead of apically as in the other species of the Tremella- genus. Spores (when shed) globose, resembling spores, 20-25 X 15 (x [presumably incorrect measurements] (according to the figures, broad ovoid, with subeccentric apiculus),

divided walls — tardily by in various directions into numerous small cells. Spore measurements

from the with the recorded the computed figures agree ones, largest dimensions being 23 X

16.7 p.

in the of D. Old hedges, company longisporus. Germany, presumably Westphalia, near Munster (Brefeld).

discussed of (120). In a previous paper (Donk, 1964) I at some length most the

'old' of One the conclusions is that the of species Dacrymyces. of type species the generic

name, viz. Dacrymyces stillatus Nees, is the same as the fungus that has been quite

often called D. deliquescens. This is the one European species with three-septate spores DONK: On Heterobasidiae European 277

that occurs in nature in two states usually formed in the neighbourhood to each

but often also other, generally on coniferous, fairly on frondose, wood. In my opinion

Nees's is based the basidiferous but the protologue mainly on state, arthrosporous

state is also traceable in his account. When Fries revalidated the name D. stillatus

in the book he relied Nees's starting-point ("Systema") completely on protologue

(except for the variety he admitted). This will explain why I felt obliged to restore

the name D. stillatus in its orginal sense. It could have been rejected on the ground

that it is used in different a nomen ambiguum, a name many senses. Since, however,

it is the of the and that type species generic name Dacrymyces considering many names in the could for the genus be rejected same reason, I found it preferable to maintain

the correct denomination.

To replace the name D. stillatus by D. deliquescens (113) would not be an accept-

able solution; I feel obliged to dismiss the latter name as a nomen dubium and

be with D. stillatus in the certainly not likely to synonymous present sense.

Neuhoff conceived D. deliquescens sensu auctt. [= D. stillatus sensu stricto] as a

when confronted strictly "Nadelholz"-inhabiting species; he was later with arthro-

formation frondose he the "Laubholz" element of the spore on wood, placed species

in a special form of D. lutescens Bref. (f. subdeliquescens). When he cited Brefeld's

of of conception of D. deliquescens correctly in the synonymy his own interpretation

D. deliquescens (Neuhoff, 1936b: 44) he must have overlooked that Brefeld stated

that 'one looks haruiy ever in vain for D. deliquescens in winter during rainy weather

in where dead frondose wood is any place copiously present.'

I wish to emphasize that arthrosporous fruitbodiesoften occur on frondose rather

than only on coniferous wood, as N -uhoff originally believed: if there is only one

This arthrospore-forming species, then it occurs on both kinds of wood. one species

must then be called D. stillatus rather than D. deliquescens (cf. Donk, 1964: 2-6), while

Dacrymyces lutescens f. subdeliquescens Neuhoff, later instituted for the arthrospore-

forms frondose be referred D. stillatus The forming on wood, must to as a synonym.

publication of this form shows that in practice Neuhoffeventually used only a single

character to differentiate between D. stillatus and D. lutescens, the substratum being

coniferous wood in the former, frondose wood in the latter.

The conception that D. stillatus is based only on the arthrosporous state goes

back to Corda (1838 I. 2: 32); it was vigorously defended by Bonorden. Thus the

fiction that D. stillatus was the correct name for the imperfect state was later on accepted by many authors.

Neuhoff listed ellisii Coker of his (121I. {1936b: 48) Dacrymyces as a synonym conception of D. lutescens. This is at variance with Kennedy's views. She identified

D. Neuh. with ellisii. Some Olive cerebrifomis sensu D. years ago [1958 (BTC 85):

examined the of D. ellisii and found that it 108] type produced arthrospores

("catenulate oidia"). He concluded that in other respects also it compared favour- ably with D. deliquescens (= D. stillatus). A carefully study of Coker's protologue, supplemented with Olive's data, would seem to require the equation of D. ellisii with D. lutescens f. subdeliquescens Neuhoffand with D. stillatus Nees. 278 PERSOONIA Vol. 4, Part 3, 1966

(122). After E. L. Tulasne (1853: 211-219 pi. 12 fs. 13-19) had misapplied

the stillatus with it name Dacrymyces (120) to a species many-septate spores, was

often used either for mixtum of these a compositum (details spores were engrafted

on earlier published 'macroscopic' descriptions: Berkeley, Fries, Schroeter) or for

other with The confusion thus has species similarly septate spores. proliferated not

been yet adequately disentangled.

Dacrymyces stillatus Nees per Fr. sensu Bref.—The following description was com-

from Brefeld's somewhat of piled lengthy account {1888a: 155 pi. 10fs. 9-11) the species he erroneously called D. stillatus.

Fruitbodies often gregarious and in rows, erumpent through bark, after removal of bark

to and not because appearing consist of a head a stalk-like prolongation, conspicuous of

is duller and darker than in colourwhich the other species of the genus (known to Brefeld),

head with more reddish then yellowish; as a rule globular superficial folds, about 1.5-3.5 mm

in diam. (after figures); stalk-like prolongation irregular, its length dependingon the thickness

of the context fruitbodies sterile. bark, colourless; solid, firm, cartilaginous-gelatinous; young

Basidia and less curved than in D. large. Spores larger cerebriformis, 25-30 x 12 p [presumably

— far erroneous measurements], becoming 7-9-septate. The single so not-germinating spore

measures about 6.6 the indicated depicted {pi. 10f. 10: 1) 20 X p (relying on magnification),

hence considerably less than the text would suggest.

On fallen branches ofPinus silvestris. During the cold season. Germany, presumably West-

phalia, near Minister.

Brefeld himself considered this the that described species to be same as previously

E. L. Tulasne under the stillatus Nees D. by {1833: 219) name Dacrymyces (=

tulasnei 1 Neuhoff . Not only was the name D. stillatus misapplied in both cases (cf.

Donk, 1964: 2-6) but the identity of the fungi described by Brefeld with D. tulasnei

is also in doubt. A notable difference seems to be that the mature fruitbodies of

Brefeld's species do not become concave and almost cyathiform when they form

the hymenium.

The citation of "JD. stillatus Bref." of D. D. stillatus as a synonym deliquescens (=

sensu orig.) by Neuhoff {1936b: 44] is evidently a slip.

Both the consistency and the stalk-like prolongation as mentioned by Brefeld

might be taken as pointing in the direction of Ditiola. As conceived by Kobayasi

( 1 this has thick-walled for those of the sub- 939b: 106, 107) genus hyphae except

hymenial region, and a more or less pronounced stalk. Both characters of Brefeld's

also be in fungus may, however, encountered Dacrymyces: a cartilaginous-gelatinous

thin-walled internal in of the context (but hyphae throughout) occurs some species

than The stalk well be induced the its genusDacrymyces. might by substratum, owing

existence and length to the presence of the bark through which the fruitbodies

must grow.

There is a remote possibility that Septocolla stipitata Bon. is this species. DONK: On Heterobasidiae European 279

Ditiola

this (123). Recently Kennedy ( 1964) published a monograph of genus in which

she conceived Ditiola radicata. She listed accepted a broadly as synonyms Dacryopsis brasiliensis brunnea G. W. Lloyd, Dacryomitra Mart., Dacrymyces cupularis Lloyd sensu

Brasf., Ditiolafagi Oud., Coryne gyrocephala Berk. & C., Ditiola nuda B. & Br., Tremella

stipitata Peck, and Dacrymyces stipitatus (Bourd. & G.) Neuh., all names, except for

Ditiola and nuda Dacrymyces stipitatus, based on extra-European material. As some of

these identifications if not have taken are very doubtful, outright erroneous, I

of not based Ditiola nuda and no account names on European types. Dacrymyces left in until further evidence is that stipitatus are Dacrymyces published showing they

do really not belong to that genus.

Femsjonia

(124). Cyphella friesii Weinm. = Guepinia cyphella Fr. is a 'lost' species not

recognized by recent mycologists who have refrained from giving an opinion. To me

the description strongly suggests Femsjonia pezizaeformis; had the protologue called

the hymenium yellow instead of 'fuscescent' I should not have entertained much

doubt. Fries's remark is "Non significant: liquet utrum Guepinia an Cyphella, hujus

substantia vero forma, cartilatineo-gelatinosae Guepiniae ”.

Guepiniops is

" (125). Recently McNabb (1969c: 160-162I acted as if the names Guepiniopsis

" torta Pat." and Dacrymyces contortus Ces." were names based on specimens of

Guepiniopsis buccina. From a nomenclative point of view this is misleading. I repeat

what Donk (1964: 12-13) wrote about these names:

"For time Fries be some (1849: 359, 470) believed most species ofDacrymyces to mere states

of referable Calloria Fr. Some with this in Cesati discomycetes to years later, mind, (1855 [in

Rab. F.e.]: No. 1948) associated what was presumably a species of Dacrymyces (lacking in the I with the copy studied) pezizoid Guepiniopsis buccina, and referred both to a single species.

His specimens were distributedby Rabenhorst with the following labelling: "1984. Dacrymyces

contortus Fr. Confer Fr. Summ. de evolutione D. contorti in deli- / veg. p. 359 et 471 Calloriam

de in sub b This quescentem, qua vestigia reperiuntur specimin. adlatis." accompanying reference also all doubt 'contortus' removes that was a mere error for 'tortus' which, however, resulted in such a differentepithet that it seems advisable to consider it a misapplied isonym:

contortus Ces. = D. tortus Fr. added Dacrymyces (Willd.) per (No descriptive matter was by

" Cesati.) De Bary (1884: 62) transferred Dacrymydes contortus Rabenh. Herb. Mycol. Nr. 1984" to Guepinia Fr., however, without adequate explanation.

"There is no doubt that this was the source of Patouillard's misinterpretation which he

" perpetuated initially as Tremella torta Willd. ( Dacrymyces tortus Fr.)" (Doassens & Patouillard,

later when the '883 [(km 5)]: 96), and, on as Guepiniopsis tortus he introduced new genus

for it afterwards he Guepiniopsis (Patouillard, 1883 [T.a. 1]: 28/. 62). However, some years seems to have become convinced of having committed an error of determinationand started to call the fungus Guepiniopsis merulina (Patouillard, 1887: 159). . . PERSOONIA Part 280 Vol. 4, 3, 1966

' ' In torta Pat.' and contortus Ces.' must both be my opinion Guepiniopsis Dacrymyces

' cited in the synonymy of Guepiniopsis buccina as Guepiniopsis torta (Willd. per Fr.)

' Ces. Ces.' indicate that the Pat. sensu Pat.' and Dacrymyces contortus sensu to types

' of these names belong elsewhere. Moreover it is incorrect to cite Guepiniopsis contorta

de "nom. nud." under buccina. The recombination (Ces.) Bary' as a Guepiniopsis was

reference the cited but validly published by a to basionym (as above), simultaneously

' misapplied: hence, Guepiniopsis contorta (Ces.) Bary sensu Bary'. On this check list

I have entered these names in accordance with the above conclusions.

EXOBASIDIALES

EXOBASIDIACEAE

Exobasidium

be difficult harness for the (126). This genus proved to a most one to present check list, partly because of incomplete descriptions, partly because specific de-

limitations vary from author to author. Thus Fuckel, Burt {1915), and Savile

conceived vaccinii inclusive their (1959) have E. as an species, basing conceptions

the of the and to lesser of the basidia and mainly on morphology spores a degree

sterigmata. Others have also devoted their attention to the different types of in-

fection: for instance, Juel ( 1912) and Nannfeldt. I have allied myself with this

second group.

The various be classified thus: symptoms may

(i) Localized infections, (a) Small spots without hypertrophy of host tissue. If

this is the thick such spots appear thickened, caused by hymenium developing

beneath the cuticula. Examples, Exobasidium ledi and E. dubium. (b) Galls. These

consist less of whole of more or irregular spots to more general infections, even deformations affected shoots, resulting in and/or excrescences. The portions always

show considerable hypertrophy of tissue and are notably thickened when still fresh.

Examples, E. vaccinii, E. oxycocci.

(ii) Systemic infection, most often affecting whole shoots without causing con-

siderable increase in thickness of the host organs. The shoots may be enlarged or

into witches' brooms. E. E. vaccinii- develop more abnormally Examples, myrtilli,

uliginosi.

Originally new specific names were usually based on macroscopic features (viz.

the the host. A modern the symptoms caused by the infection) and identity of

species conception should also take into account certain microscopical details

(especially of the spores and the basidia) and when possible cultural characters as

well. It is now generally accepted that at least some species may occur on different

that in host hosts and induce galls may vary appearance. Inversely, some species

be infected than of Exobasidium. may by more one species DONK: On European Heterobasidiae 281

(127) • In Europe most species are restricted to Ericaceae. Those that occur on

hosts of other families well be this is may congeneric, although not always even

approximately certain. Some minor amputations of the genus were the exclusion

of Exobasidiellum Donk (75), a monotypic genus on Gramineae; and more recently

which introduced forExobasidium certain Articomyces Saville, was warmingii parasitizing

species ofSaxifraga (Saxifragaceae), discussed below (141). In Europe there are only

a few species that do not attack Ericaceae: these are found, except for those ones on

Lauraceae and the of Saxifraga, on Anacardiaceae, (148), Rutaceae, (in case a

doubtful species) Aquifoliaceae.

the is also known from Outside Europe genus Empetraceae, Theaceae, Epacri-

and and other wishes daceae, Symplocaceae, perhaps some families, provided one

also to consider certain very insufficiently described species.

(ia8). I seize this opportunity to plead for the adoption of some standardized

method of measuring the spores for purposes of comparison. By some authors spores

have been used as the most important source from which specific characters are

derived. the studied and measured have been taken from Usually spores directly medium in which the galls and the like, and usually no mention was made of the

doubt various such and KOH solutions the spores were studied; no media, as water

have been used. Savile {1959: 644) observed the spores in lactophenol. A generally

acceptable standard method for arriving at comparable results may be the one used

by Sundström (1964: 55)- He placed diseased portions of a host plant in petri

dishes 20° C in which the could be shed malt After three hours at spores on agar.

the spores were measured. (The spores with the shortest latent germination period

after three Mean values based in each germinated hours.) were on 15-40 spores

case. In some species the difference between Sundström's and Juel's findings are

astonishingly large.

(129). Savile {1959: 642, 646, 649) rejected Exobasidium angustisporum without really discussing it ("fully typical E. vaccinii”); he conceived E. vaccinii in a very broad sense.

The basis for the valid the check list is that it entering species as on present was recorded from Sweden by Sundstrom ( 1964: 10), who indicated that cultures were

isolated from attacks of Arctous systemic Arctostaphylos alpina (= alpina).

described in the Exobasidium from (130). The number of species genus species of Rhododendron (inclusive of Azalea) is proportionately high. The following list

enumerates these world-wide the entries consist further of the species on a basis; date of the the host. The of host publication, type locality (country), and names species that periodically shed their leaves (the so-called azaleas) are preceded by an asterisk (*).

* Exobasidium azaleae Peck 1873 (U.S.A., New York), on Rhododendron nudiflorum (L.) Torr., E. burtii Zeller 1934 (U.S.A., Oregon), on R. albiflorum Hook., 282 PERSOONIA Part Vol. 4, 3, 1966

E. butleri H. & P. & Butl. R. arboreum Syd. apud Syd. 1912 (India), on Sm.,

E. canadense Savile *R. 1959 (U.S.A., North Hampshire), on canadense (L.) Torr., E. caucasicum Woronich. 1920 (U.S.S.R., Transcaucasia), on R. caucasicum Pallas,

E. decolorans Harkn. 1884 (U.S.A., California), on *R. occidental A. Gray, E. discoideum Ell. New J. B. 1874 (U.S.A., Jersey), on *R. viscosum (L.) Torr.,

E. Rac. L. *R. G. = *R. luteum dubium 1909 (Poland), on Azalea pontica [= flavum Don] Sweet,

E. hemisphaericum Shirai 1896 (Japan), on R. metternichii Sieb. & Zucc.,

Shirai = E. japonicum 1896 (Japan), on Azalea indica L. *R. indicum (L.) Sweet,

E. *R. = *R. luteum magnusii Woronich. 1913 (U.S.S.R., Caucasia), on flavum Sweet,

E. pentasporium Shirai 1896 (Japan), on *R. indicum (L.) Sweet,

E. rhododendri (Fuck.) Cramer apud Geyler 1874 (Switzerland), on R. ferrugineum L., E. rhododendri Quel. 1886 (France), on R. ferrugineum L.,

E. shiraianum P. Henn. R. metternichii Sieb. & 1902 (Japan), on Zucc.,

E. Rac. Bennett R. vulcanicum 1900 (Indonesia, Java), on R. javanicum (Bl.) and relusum (Bl.) Bennett,

E. P. Henn. R. yoshinagai 1902 (Japan), on tosaense Makino,

E. Petch R. zeylanicum 1909 (Ceylon), on arboreum Sm.

The six names (epithets spaced) based on, or recorded from ( E. discoideum),

European material collected from indigenous hosts, are E. caucasicum, E. dubium, E.

magnusii, E. rhododendri (twice), and E. discoideum. According to Siemaszko [cited by

Trotter 1926 (SF 24): 1325] and Woronichin ( 1926: 296) E. dubium and E. magnusii

from are synonymous, a conclusion that, judging the published descriptions, seems

correct. Also the E. This would leave synonymous are two homonyms ( rhododendri).

the following four species as occurring wild in Europe: E. caucasicum and E.

rhododendri (Fuck.) Cramer, both on evergreen species of Rhododendron, the first systemic, the second causing galls; and E. dubium (small spots) and E. discoideum

deciduous-leafed I have (marginate galls) on species (azaleas). not gone deeply

into the matter and do not know whether these names should not perhaps be

synonymized with other names listed above or not. A priori it is not likely that they

are be taken of The determination of to as synonyms E. vaccinii (see also below).

the European material as E. discoideum is still in need of critical comparison with

from material North America, where the type was found. For the alien E. japonicum,

see (131).

Certain authors have considered E. japonicum and E. rhododendri as belonging to

E. vaccinii. Graafland ( i960: 364-365) found that Vaccinium vitis-idaea was not in-

fected by E. japonicum, and that conversely azalea cultivars were not infected by

E. vaccinii. This difference in pathogenicity, added to certain differences between

led him the distinct. He also found their cultures, to regard two as specifically

cultural differences between E. japonicum and E. rhododendri and between E. rhodo-

dendri and E. vaccini, which led him to assume that E. rhododendri "must also be form" considered as a physiological specialized (Graafland, ig6o: 365).

Exobasidium discoideum described from North America where it (131). was was found of on Rhododendron viscosum (L.) Torr. It was reduced to the synonymy E. DONK: On European Heterobasidiae 283

vaccinii by Burt and Savile. In Europe the name has been applied to what may

different of Exobasidium. Petri referred it the appear to be two species (igoy) to cultivated species that produce galls in the form of deformed host portions on

alien called this check azaleas, viz. to what is considered an and E. japonicum on

to list. Other authors (P. Magnus, Raciborski, Woronichin) have applied the name

the species that occurs on a horst indigenous to Europe, Rhododendron luteurn

which Sweet (=Azalea pontica L. = Rhododendron flavum G. Don), on it causes galls

of a quite different habit, viz. more or less marginate and flattened excrescences

attached to the leaves by a narrow, central base. The determination as E. discoideum

would be the least the the appear to correct one or at one expressing most closely

relationship of the wild European form. To settle this question comparison of

specimens from the two continents is desirable. I have not come across reports of

wild E. japonicum in its usual greenhouse expression as occurring on European azalea species.

(13a). Exobasidium dubium has been reported only from Europe, where it occurs

Rhododendron luteum Sweet. One of the localities coincides with the on (Caucasia)

isolated main distributionarea of the host, the other (Sandomier forest, Poland) is an

restricted Like in ledi the small without and locality. E. fungus causes yellow spots

hypertrophy of host tissue; critical comparison of the two species is recommended.

Raciborski ( igog) hesitated to consider E. dubium distinct from E. discoideum (131),

which was also found in the same locality and even on the same plant. He thought

it conceivable that the two were merely different expressions of the same species,

view of Richards's their microscopical details being much the same. In findings

in connection with such should (i8g6) E. andromedae Peck (138) a possibility not be rejected without careful consideration. In the latter case, however, the differences

are between two types of galls, viz. localized deformations of the type as it occurs

in E. vaccinii against often enormous bag galls, while in the case of E. dubium and E.

discoideum the differences are between non-hypertrophied small, yellow spots against

galls in the form of quite notable and characteristically shaped excrescences.

The described from Poland E. and from species was twice, once ( dubium) once

Caucasia ( E. magnusii). Woronichin ( 1926: 296), the author of the second name,

considered E. dubium a nomen nudum, and, therefore, rejected it. This was not

correct. When publishing E. dubium in his "Mycotheca polonica", Raciborski, it is

did the but he referred his true, not accompany name by a description, to description of Exobasidium in the fungus as sp. another, previous publication (Raciborski,

1909: 388).

Exobasidium dubium was also called E. vaccinii f. rhododendri-flavi Bubak (nomen

nudum).

(133). Exobasidium rhododendri is not rare in Europe on the native evergreen

species of Rhododendron. Apparently, however, it does not easily invade the extra-

cultivated in various of neous evergreen species so profusely regions western Europe. 284 Persoonia Vol. 4, Part 3, 1966

I have come across remarkably few records in which these extraneous species and

these records hybrids were reported as being infected by E. rhododendri, and con-

tained so few descriptive details that it is impossible to form a well-founded opinion

about the parasite. An early record is by Cooke [1879 (GCh I2'b: 119]: "small Wilsoni.” Another apple-like galls on the leaves and shoots of X Rhododendron is by

Fockeu who found Rhododendron “dadouricum” dauricum ( 1894: 355), galls on [R.

L.]. See also (130).

in extra- (134). Exobasidium galls are also very common Europe on cultivated,

have recorded from around the European azaleas; they been year 1900 on. Assuming

most that only one parasitic species is involved (which seems the likely premise),

is in the question of its correct name should now be discussed, but since the fungus

alien this will be touched here. The all probability an point only briefly upon name

often used is E. its hosts various cultivars now most japonicum; are generally

referred to as Azalea obtusa and A. indica by horticulturists. Other names applied to

because this fungus are E. azaleae and E. discoideum, both earlier published names, but the identity of these species with E. japonicum is still highly questionable for the

taken into consideration. The of the E. present they are not use name pentasporium

would appear an evident misdetermination; this name was given to a systemic

witches' that the basidia that parasite (causing brooms) produces on spots are not

deformations ofthe leaves which while E. accompanied by on they appear, japonicum produces true galls (deformations). See also (130).

(135) . The fact that two taxa were called Exobasidium andromedae has led to

the assumption that they were identical and to an interchange of the author's

citations (P. A. Karsten and Peck), for instance by Migula, Ulbrich, and other

authors. Exobasidium andromedae Peck, originally described from Andromeda ligustrina

from North America, produces (sometimes enormous) bag galls, while E. andromedae

P. Karst. (= E. karstenii), originally described from A. polifolia from Finland,

infections. reduced both the produces systemic Burt (rp/J." 646, 647, 649) to sy-

ofE. vaccinii. followed The fact that nonymy In this he was by Savile (1959: 646).

Nannfcldt [1939 (LNF 11-12): 34 No. 589; 1958 (LNF 51-52): 29 Nos. 2558, 2559] maintains E. karstenii as a distinct species, strongly supports the correctness of the

this separate treatment on check list.

It would from Sundstrom's data that the size (136). appear (1964: 55-57 f 19) of the spores of Exobasidium vaccinii and E. myrtilli (each apparently comprizing several 'host-races') have different ranges, although there is considerable over-

That the different is indicated lapping. two taxa are very likely species not only by this but also the behaviour of the substratum by basidiospores on a given agar

(forming only conidia in E. vaccinii and mycelia in E. myrtilli), plus the 'double infections' occasionally observed in Vaccinium vitis-idaea, bearing localized infections of the former species on leaves that also showed the systemic infection of the latter

(Sundstrom, 1964: 10. 11, 53-54 f 4), and also by several other arguments. DONK: On European Heterobasidiae 285

(137)- When Rostrup first published the name Exobasidium oxycocci (1885) he

had his mind about the rank of the "Naermere Under- not yet made up taxon,

den skal Varietet eller Art: sogelser maa afgjore om rettest betragtes som en en egen

E. oxycocci.” Hence, he published the name as a provisional name (nomen eventuale).

of the volume The fact that Rosenvinge, in the French resumes at the end (separately

rendered this "Sur l'( observe deformation paged; p. 26), as, Oxycoccus palustris j'ai une

particuliere en grande quantite, nee sans doute d'une espece particuliere:

Exobasidium makes difference since it would Oxycocci qui . . apparently no seem

to be a clear case of 'incidental mention'. Another instance of'incidentalmention' is

in that Tubeuf my opinion by von (1895: 440).

Nannfeldt [1958 (LNF 51-52): 30] considered Shear (1907) to be the author

who first but earlier himself had validly published Rostrup's name, a year Rostrup

again published the name, this time without evincing any doubt about the specific

status of E. oxycocci.

less inclusive (138). Exobasidium vaccinii has often been interpreted as a more or

This is the for extensive discussion this Suffice it species. not place an on question.

that it would if Burt and Savile far in to state seem as (1915) {'959) went too

lumping together a good number of the species treated as distinct on this check list.

As to European species, pending further observations, E. japonicum Shirai (supposed

be E. E. E. karstenii E. to an alien) (131, 134), angustisporum (129 s), cassiopes, (￿ andromedae P. Karst.), E. ledi, E. myrtilli (including E. vaccinii-myrtilli) (136), E.

and E. rhododendri all listed while in oxycocci (137), (133) are separately, agreement with these authors as well as with Juel and Nannfeldt only E. cassandrae is reduced

to the synonymy of E. vaccinii. Several other names listed as synonyms by either

Burt or Savile or both, based on extra-European collections and not reported from

Europe, have beenomitted from the synonymy ofE. vaccinii: these are E. andromedae

Peck (135), E. peckii Halst., E. agauriae P. Henn., and E. parvifolii Hotson. There

indications least of also be distinct are that at some these may prove to species.

Following Fuckel, Brefeld (1888c), too, favoured a rather inclusive conception of

Exobasidium vaccinii. From the introductory remarks to this species it appears that

from E. vaccinii he also included E. rhododendri under the first apart E. myrtilli and name. It was not stated from which of these elements his cultures were derived so that he is cited the check list it is that he worked not on proper, although most likely

with E. vaccinii.

In a much-quoted paper by Richards (1896) the conclusion was advanced that

Exobasidium vaccinii and E. andromedae Peck cannot well be distinguished, a conclusion based infection far I on experiments, and, as as am aware, never seriously questioned.

It is not surprising that later the existence of two species of the same name (E. andromedae Peck and E. andromedae P. Karst. = E. karstenii) led to confusion. Since

E. andromedae Peck E. is based (like vaccinii) on a gall producing fungus, typically inducing large bag galls on Andromeda ligustrina (= Lyonia ligustrina), while E. andromedae P. Karst. is a systemic parasite, this has tended to make Richard's con- clusion still more important. 286 Persoonia Vol. Part 4, 3, 1966

What Richards's actually did was to demonstrate that one type of galls found on

Andromeda those caused vaccini Vaccinium ligustrina andclosely resembling by typical E. on

vitis-idaea the that caused the other of was produced by same fungus type galls on

the same host (bag galls). His infection experiments did not include spores derived

from indisputable E. vaccinii in the strictest sense! From the data presented the only

conclusion that is that "the form and of the appears justified extent hypertrophy

depends both on the host and the age of the tissues affected. The older tissues do

stimulation of the not respond so readily to the parasite, and the result is a more

local the E. vaccinii all." The hypertrophy [referred to as galls] or none at identity

ofE. andromedae Peck with E. vaccinii stricto but evidence sensu was not proven, strong

was furnished that the same fungus could produce different types of galls (inclusive

of from the of merely somewhat thickened spots). Spores 'vaccinii' type galls ex-

perimentally transferred from Andromeda ligustrina also produced galls on Gaylussacia

resinosa G. This second set of tends to that (= baccata). experiments prove one species

or 'race' of Exobasidium may occur on more than one host species or genus.

(139). Exobasidium arctostaphyli was described from Arctostaphylos pungens from

and stated to have These measurements California, originally spores 10-12 X 4-5 p. incorrect material the of the are apparently and collected by Harkness, author

has Burt i2-i8 and species, yielded larger spores: compare (igig: 647; X 3-5 fi)

Linder (1947: 272 f. 5f, fide Savile, illustrated about 15-20 X 4-5 p). Savile

(:959: 649) retains the taxon as a variety of E. vaccinii, inter alia on the basis of some

collections from for with Arctostaphylos uva-ursi, a systemic parasite spores measuring

12.5-16.5 x 3.3-5.0 p.

Lind (1913: 350, 352) reported E. arctostaphyli as common on Arctostaphylos uva-ursi in Denmark in the countries well. He did describe it in and neighbouring as not

detailand it is possible that in reality he was dealing with either typical E. vaccinii, which species has been recorded from A. uva-ursi from central and northern Europe, or with other fungi quite differentfrom Exobasidium (cf. Juel, rgi2: 262-363, 369-

370). Hence I am not prepared to record E. arctostaphyli as a European species.

(140). The curious galls formed on the stem of the species of Laurus in the

Mediterranean and the Canary Islands are usually thought to be induced by the action of the fungus described as Exobasidium lauri Geyler. Similar associations are also known from and other Lauraceae Our Java, Ceylon, Japan on (Cinnamomum). knowledge of all these fungi themselves, however, is still too insufficient to decide whether or not they belong to Exobasidium. As for the European species, opinions

differ of about whether this fungus is really the causative agent the galls; compare

Baldini Baccarini Tubeuf It would Geyler ( 1874), ( 1886), (1313), von (1313).

seem that the present concensus is that the galls are indeed caused by the fungus.

Previous to the publication ofExobasidium lauri Geyler the galls were also described by Brotero as Clavaria lauri. It is quite likely that he described not only the galls but

also the tota demum Maio et albido in fungus (". . . planta Jul., polline tecta"), DONK: On European Heterobasidiae 287

= which case Clavaria lauri Brot. 1804 (d.n.) Calocera lauri (Brot.) per Fr. 1832 would

be the first validly published name for the fungus. It cannot be recombined into a

correct name because the recombinationwould be pre-occupied by Exobasidium lauri

the Geyler, but were species to be removed from the genus, the name Calocera lauri

should be taken seriously into consideration.

(141). It may well be doubtedwhether it was justifiable to segregate Articomyces

(based on a single species, Exobasidium warmingii) from Exobasidium in its still

current which is rather wide if the of its hosts is considered sense, range (127).

Under these circumstances to be generally acceptable the segregation from Exobasi-

dium of a species parasitizing Saxifragaceae should have a sound morphological

foundation. This is far the Savile that "in the so hardly case. states present fungus

the basidia arise from a stroma as in Kordyana, but merge in a fascicle either through

a stoma or between two epidermal cells; the mycelium is both inter- and intra-

and conidia in Exobasidium”. The cellular; paraphyses are lacking are present, as 'stromata' alluded to are apparently little more than accumulations of little spe-

cialized further in the allowed the substromatal hyphae (not described) space by

chambers. This condition of the mycelium, as well as that of basidia emerging in

fascicles, is not truly unique, since in certain species of Exobasidium the same is true:

E. Maire of and E. unedonis Maire hesperidum (on a species Anacardiaceae) (on a

species of Ericaceae) are examples. Basidia, number and shape of the sterigmata,

and conidia also spores (shape, septation), suggest only Exobasidium. The family to

which the host the of the for main- belongs seems strongest presented arguments

the but in view of the series of families which taining genus, on Exobasidium (as

currently conceived) occurs this may not be sufficient.

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Alphabetical index,

omitted from the check list including names proper

list of kinds of of the admitted The following consists two indices, (i) one names to the check

and of that left of it. list proper (pp. 151-207), (ii) one names were out Ad (i). Names in roman type are those accepted on the 'Check list'. Author citations are

quoted only when needed to avoid ambiguity. When two or more generic names follow a

specific epithet, the one accepted on the 'Check list' comes first and is in roman type; the

that have combined with the in rejected generic names were, or been, epithet follow alpha-

betical order and are in italics. Some of the latter are preceded by an asterisk (*) which denotes and is 'Check that the combination was not validly published not mentioned on the

list'. The in each in of the genera are treated on the 'Check list' proper alphabetical order, one six sections captioned, in this order, Septobasidiales, Auriculariineae, Tremellineae, Tulasnel-

and Exobasidiales. The section in which is is mentioned laceae, Dacrymycetales, a genus placed between brackets after the correct generic name.

Examples.—

“abietinus Pers., Dacrymyces, Tremella = Dacrymyces stillatus." This means that the epithet 'abietinus Pers.' in with found specific combinations the succeeding generic names will be the 'Check of listed on list' as synonyms Dacrymyces stillatus. On Heterobasidiae DONK: European 303

This that is the "adpressa, [Dacrymyces], Septocolla.” measn Dacrymyces genus accepted for the brackets that the combination has species (the square indicating specific not actually been and that the combination with is incorrect. made), Septocolla rejected as being

that is of Auricu- "Achroomyces (Auriculariineae)" means Achroomyces listed as a genus lariineae.

index Ad (ii). 'Omitted names'. These are interspersed between the entries of (i). They

form a mixed lot either that have been in whose very given (a) to taxa placed wrongly genera of names are typified by species of the hymenomycetous Heterobasidiae or (b) to a selection

taxa that have been thought to belong to these Heterobasidiae. In each case some information

is added (as far as available) on the current (not necessarily correct) name and the taxonomic position of the taxon.

Some exceptions are made. Specific combinations with Auricularia, Epidochium, Rhizoctonia,

and listed. These Stilbum of taxa that are not now included in the Heterobasidiae are not

combinations with Auricularia will be taken into consideration in the check list devoted to the

and Aphyllophorales now in preparation. The combinations with Epidochium, Rhizoctonia,

Stilbum that are left out do not belong to the Basidiomycetes (as far as is known). The pseudo-

also left out in specific (but essentially non-binomial) names given to 'Orcheomycetes' are contradistinction to combinations with the validly published generic name Orcheomyces.

abietina, -usPers., Dacrymyces, Tremellai=Dacry- aderholdii, Moniliopsis, Rhizoctonia = Thanate-

Schroet. = myces stillatus; sensu J. Dacry- phorus cucumeris

Burt myces spp. (mixtum compositum; not admirabilis, Peniophora, 1926 (AMo iq):

P. Karst. = New — listed); sensu Dacrymyces 304 (U.S.A., York) (nom. confi).

P. Coker = & = stillatus sensu Karst.; sensu Fide Rog. Jacks. 1943 (Fa 1): 310

& G. Dacrymyces sp. (not listed) Tulasnella bifrons Bouid. (p. 191), abietinus P. Karst., Dacrymyces, Hormomyces growing over the surface of overwintered

= Dacrymyces stillatus fructifications of one or more "thelephora- abietis, Corticium, Thelephora acerina forma = ceous" fungi.

calcea Sebacina adnata, Tremella, L. 1755: 430 (Sweden) Merrettia abromeitii, Exidia, Neuh. 1935 (former East (generic name n.v.p.); (L.) per

Prussia) (syn.) = Exidia cartilaginea f. S. F. Gray 1821.—Nomen dubium. Fide

abromeitii Neuh. Ag. 1824: 28 = Chaetophora plana Ag.,

Achroomyces (Auriculariineae) apparently another nomen dubium. Algo-

' of Tremella adnata Acrospermum [Tode sensu Pers., exclusive logists also recognize a

= Pers. Huds.' but this is in because type Acrospermum] 1797 C.: 220/88 error Huds. Linnaeus's (nom. anam.) (d.n.), not Tode 1790 1778: 565 merely records species

Fr. S. Schulz. for adnata be- (d.n.) per 1822; not ~ 1863; England. Tremella 'Huds.'

"v Pers. adnata Tremella sect, (Pers.) per 1822; came Gloeocystis ("Huds.") Naeg.,

Clavaria Drouet & lectotype: galeata Holmskj., q.v. Chlorophyceae. Dailey 1956 acrospermum, Tremella, Nees 1816 (d.n.) = (BBU 12): 166-167 think that T. adnata

Acrospermum dubium Pers. (nom. anam.) = L. = "Lichen ?"

dubia Tremella (Pers.) Pers., q.v. adpressa, [Dacrymyces], Septocolla

Actinomvce F. Meyen 1827 [*950 (Ta 7): 165]; adpressus, Dacrymyces, Grogn. 1863: 200

A. F. ~ Y. monotype: horkelii Meyen, q.v. (France), not Kobay. 1939. —Nomen aculeiformis, Calocera, Clavaria, Tremella = dubium. Hohn. 1908 (SbW 117): 1026

Calocera of mesenterica Retz. Fr. cornea thought Tremella per

in Exobasidium acuorum, Dacrymyces, Fautr. & Roum. aequale,

Roum. Retz. 1890 (Rm 12): 61 (France) (nom. affinis, Tremella, 1795: 294 (d.n.) per

—Fide Hohn. Steud. —A binomial for anam.). 1909 (SbW 118): 1824. name “Aga-

= ricum Mich. 1238, 1239 Linodochium hyalinum (Lib.) lichenis facie aureum. p. 124,

Hohn. — ?" of O. F. Mull. F. Deuteromycetes. 11 1780 (Fd 5 I 14):

Lasch in Rab. Kb: 8 Fr. 1821: acuum, Dacrymyces, 1844 pi. 840f. 1, which 441 referred

No. Fr. = 571 (Germany).—Nomen dubium. to Thelephora evolvens per Fr. “Corti- PERSOONIA Part 304 Vol. 4, 3, 1966

cium” but the does evolvens (Fr. per Fr.) Fr., presumably rubiformis, original description

thinking of the cucullate form of this not support this identification.

This is doubtful. species. identification alveolata, Tremella Scop. 1772: 402 (Yugo-

= Auricularia Agarico-gelicidium slavia, Carniola) (generic name n.v.p.) per

agaricoides, Tremella, Retz. 1769 (SVH 30): Steud. 1824.—Apparently based on the —Fide Pers. 1801: of 250 (Sweden) (d.n.). Plasmodium a Myxomycete.

631 & Fr. 1822: 167 = Peziza/Bulgaria ambigua, Sebacina, Thelephora = Sebacina inquinans ￿ Phaeobulgaria inquinans (Pers. epigaea

— Sebacina = ? Sebacina incrustans per Pers.) Nannf. Discomycetes. amesii,

Fr. 1821 Bull. H.: Agyrium (nom. nud.) [1958 (Ta 7): amethystea, Tremella, 1791 229 [pi.

Fr. 166], not 1822; holotype: Tremella 449 f 5] (France) (nom. anam.) (d.n.)

cinnabarina St-Am. Fr. = Bull., q.v. per 1821.—Fide 1822: 217

Tremella = Tremella Tremella sarcoides alabastrina, encephala Fr., q.v.

Oud. E. alba, Exidia, 1920 2: 481 ("Bref."). anceps, Ceratobasidium, Corticium, Tulasnella

—An for E. P. Exobasidium = Exo- error ‘albida’, q.v. andromedae Karst., albescens, Tremella ('Microtremella'), Epi- basidium karstenii

dochium andromedae, Exobasidium, Peck 1873 (BBf 1):

& P. Karst. albicans.—“[Tremella] albicans. A.S.", Steud. 63 1874 (RNS 26): 73, not

from 1824: 414. —Apparently an error, no T. 1881.—Reported Europe through albicans being described by A. & S. 1805. confusion with E. andromedae P. Karst.

= albida Huds., Exidia, Gyraria, Tremella; sensu ( I35). — Sensu Mig. Exobasidium

Fr. = Exidia cartilaginea; sensu Bon. = karstenii

Myxarium hyalinum; sensu Berk. 1873 = angustisporum, Exobasidium

Ductifera pululahuana (not listed); sensu annulata, Tremella, Willd. 1788 (MB 2/4.

& G. = Candida Bourd. Tremella Stuck): 17 pi. 4 f. 75 (Germany) (d.n.). albida, Tremella, Mont. 1835 (syn.), not "v —Nomen dubium. Algae.

Huds. Hook. = Orcheo- Rhizoctonia= per 1821; [Tremella anomala, [Thanatephorus]

"a. Fr. maculati lutescens albida. Bull. ..." 1822 myces

(unnamed form) =] Tremellamesenteriformis Aporpium (Tremellineae)

alba Bull. Exidia = Exidia var. 1791 H.: 230 [pi. 406 f. C] applanata, plana (France) (d.n.).—A 'foliaceous' species of applanata, Tremella, (Schum.) Steud. 1824

= subclavata Tremella, thus far not satisfactorily identi- (syn.) Tremella var. Schum.

fied. Pers. 1822. 1803:442 (Denmark) (d.n.) per albida, Tubercularia = Tremella tubercularia -—Nomen dubium. albida, Tulasnella aquaeductorum, Calocera, Auersw. (in litt. ad alboglobosa, Exidia = Myxarium hyalinum Heufl.), Poetsch & Schied. 1872 (Austria) albolilacina, Tulasnella (nom. nud.).

= incrustans Bon. albus, Dacrymyces Sebacina aquosa, Tremella, 1864 (AbH 8): 120 allantospora, Tulasnella (Germany).—Nomen dubium.

Stereum Tulasnella alliciens, Eichleriella, Exidiopsis, araneosa,

P.c. Tremella = allii, Tremella, Dicks. 1785 1: 14 (Eng- arborea, Exidia, Exidia glandulosa;

Steud. —Dickson sensu Hoffm. Exidia sensu land) (d.n.) per 1824. = plana; Lloyd,

cited Helvella mesenterica Holm 1781 (Den- see (37)

Sclerotium P. Karst. sched. mark) as synonym. sp., apparent- arbuti, Exobasidium, ("in

of of Mus. bot. P. ly an imperfect state a species berol.").—Fide Magn. 1905:

Sclerotiniaceae — Deute- = but (Discomycetes). 139 Exobasidium vaccinii, possibly romycetes. E. unedonis Maire.

Fr. alni, Septobasidium arctica, Tremella, Sommerf., 1849: 341 Rhizoctonia alpina, [Thanatephorus], (nom. nud.).—Apparently in error for

Sebacina = Sebacina helvelloides T. alutacea, erecta Sommerf., q.v.

Schum. = Exobasidium alutacea, Tremella, 1803: 439 (Den- Arcticomyces

Pers. mark) (d.n.) per 1822.—Nomen arctostaphyli, Exobasidium, Harkn. 1884 (BCA

dubium. Fide Fr. 1822: 228 = Naematelia 1): 30 (U.S.A., California).—Reported DONK: On European Heterobasidiae 305

from but '■v Bull. Europe, this is questionble, (excl. syn. Bull.)"], not 1783 (d.n.),

cf- (139)- not ~ (Fr.) Sacc. 1888; = Tremella colle-

Poria = the argillaceus, Polyporus, Aporpiumcaryae matiformis Schleich., q.v.—By reference

Arrhytidia = ? Dacrymyces quoted above T. atrovirens Seer, might be

arrhytidiae, [Achroomyces], Platygloea taken as a validly published 'new' name

Pers. for T. Bull, Schum. = arundinis, Tremella, 1822: 109 (Switzer- atrovirens sensu land) (nom. anam.); Hymenella Fr. 1822; Exidia plana (p. 168). However, Secretan's

Hymenula Fr. 1828.—This was excluded own description shows that he simultane-

from the name to a Hymenella (?■»■) = Hymenula by ously 'misapplied' species Vestergren [1899 (OVS8 ): 840] who placed (Lichenes?) difficult to determine.

it in of its for which he used Schw. 1822: a genus own aurantia, Tremella, 114 (U.S.A.,

the name Hymenella, while the name North Carolina): Fr. 1822; Dacrymyces Farl. reserved for the Fr. 1828 E. Hymenula was original 1883, misapplied; sensu 2: 33

inadmissible The transfer & Weinm. genus, an course. (nomen) 1836: 530 (as Tremella) is fide Fr. to Hymenopsis Sacc. taxonomically un- = Tremella elegans Fr., q.v., 1874:

There be Farl. acceptable. seems to no correctly 691; sensu = Dacrymyces palmatus.

named available receive this Karst. genus to aurantiaca, Sphaerocolla, P. 1892 (H 31):

— —Fide Hohn. species. Deuteromycetes. 294 (Finland) (nom. anam.).-

Exobasidium = Helicobasidium bre- cf. Hormomyces asari, 1917 (Am 15): 295, auran-

bissonii tiacus — Bon., q.v. Deuteromycetes. asclerotica, [Thanatephorus], Rhizoctonia aurantiaca, Tremella, Grove 1918 (JBL 56):

= Helicobasidium bre- 286 —Fide asparagi, Rhizoctonia (Scotland) nom. anam.) .■ Grove,

bissonii of Nectria I.e., = imperfect state magnu-

P.s.: siana Rehm.— astroites, Fungus, Scop. 1772 117 pi. 45 Deuteromycetes.

= Tremella f. 2 ('Hungary') (d.n.); Gornphus (Scop.) per aurantiacum, Encephalium ence- Pers. 1825.—Nomen dubium. Fide Fr. phala

= Tremella 1822: 172 Ditiola sulcata, q.v. aurantiacus, Hormomyces = mesen- Atkinsonia Lloyd 1916 (LMW 5): 576 (not terica

Ehrh. P.c.: No. accepted: n.v.p.; "McGinty") [1958 (Ta aurea, Clavaria, 1791-3 279 7): 167].—Introduced in connection with (presumably nom. nud.) (n.v.), not

Sebacina amesii which is Schaeff. Fr. Lloyd probably 1774 (d.n.) per 1838, not form of Sebacina incrustans Humb. —Fide C.: only a (p. 176), 1793 (d.n.). Pers. 1797

the type species of Sebacina Tul. 185/53 & Fr. 1821: 486 = Clavaria viscosa

atra, Sebacina = Sebacina molybdea ￿ Calocera viscosa (p. 196).

O. F. Exidia Clavaria ? atra Mull., Tremella = glan- aurea Humb., = Calocera viscosa

dulosa Pers. O. aurea, Peziza, 1796 1: 41 (Germany)

atra Tremella = ? Exidia Pers. 1822, not ~ Sow. Schrank, plana (d.n.) per (Bolt.)

Atractiella (Auriculariineae) 1798 (d.n.).—Erroneously referred as

Cor- Bull, atrata, -um, Oliveonia, Ceratobasidium, synonym to Peziza chrysocoma [sensu

ticium Fr. fide Donk Fr.] by 1822: 140; 1964 (PNA

Sebacina = = Orbilia — atrata, Sebacina epigaea 67): 14 sp. Discomycetes.

atroglobosa, Tremella — Tremella moriformis Aureobasidium Viala & Boyer i8gi (nom.

atrovirens = Fr., Agyrium, Epidochium, Tremella anam.) [1956 (Re 4): 114; 1963 (Ta 12):

Tremella = Clem. = exigua 156]; Chrysobasidium 1902;

Bull. & Aureobasis Clem. & Shear atrovirens, Tremella, 1783: pi. 184 1791 1931; monotype:

H.: G. F. Re Viala & 225 (France) (d.n.), 1827 Aureobasidium vitis Boyer, q.v.

Seer. Clem. & Shear (d.n.), not 1833, not (Fr.) Aureobasis 1931 [1956 (Re 4):

Sacc. 1888.—Fide Born. & Flah. 1888 = & 114] Aureobasidium Viala Boyer, q.v.

Vauch. Ceracea — (ASn VII 7): 203 = Nostoc commune aureofulva, Dacrymyces corticioidcs

Born. & Flah. — Nostocaceae hetero- O.K. per Auricula 1891 (nom. nud.) [1958 (Ta7):

= cysteae. — Sensu Schum. Exidia plana 167], not Hill 1756 (Primulaceae), not

Seer. M. ~ atrovirens, Tremella, 1833 3: 282 Spach 1840 (Primulaceae), not

Saell. Castr. ["Schum. 2, p. 438. Tr. atrovirens 1873 (Bacillariophyceae), not 306 Part PERSOONIA Vol. 4, 3, 1966

Lloyd 1922 (Punctulariaceae, Aphyllopho- bagliettoanus, -um, Corticium, Hypochnus, Septo-

= Batt." Stereum = rales); type: "Auricula Judae basidium, Septobasidium quer-

Auricula judae O.K. (n.v.p.) = Hirneola cinum the ofHirneola Fr. 1826 auricula-judae (p. 158), type balbisii, Tremella, Bertola c. (n.v.) [cf. auricula, Auricularia, Exidia, Helvella, Hirneola, G. F. Re 1827: 324] (Italy).—Nomen

Merulius, Peziza, Tremella = Hirneola dubium. Cf. Sacc. 1916: 1284: "Verosimil-

auricula-judae mente si tratta di un ammasso disseccato

auricula-felis, Tremella, Paul. 1793 T. 2: 401 di micelii di Mucedinee saprogene."

Ind. 186 Sebacina (descr.), [pi. fs. 4, 5, as Omoriza banatica,

carnosa Paul.] (France) (d.n.). —Perhaps basale, Corticium = Sebacina helvelloides

= Peziza — (Galactinia) sp. Discomycetes. basicola, Hypochnus Thanatephorus cucu- auricula-judae, Hirneola, Auricularia, Exidia, meris

in = Peziza, Tremella; sensu Fr., part Basidiodendron (Tremellineae)

Exidia glandulosa betae, Rhizoctonia = Thanatephorus cucumeris

auricula-major, Conchites, Paul. 1793 T. 2: 398 betae, Hypochnus — Thanatephorus cucumeris

(descr.), Ind. [pi. 185 fs. 1, 2, as Fungoides betulae, Propolis, Fuck. 1871 (Jna 25-26): 327

hyosotis Paul.] (France) (d.n.).—This has (Germany) = Propolis faginea [= P. versi-

been referred varius color betulae Rehm to Polyporus (Pers.) per (Fr.) Fr.] var. (Fuck.)

Fr. and P. but the 1888 3 melanopus Pers., figures (RKF i ): 150. —Fuckel erroneously of suggest one the large species of Peziza- included in this species Exidia repanda

cf. Donk -— Dis- which he be the ceae: i960 (Pe 2): 219. believed to conidiophorous

comycetes. state. — Discomycetes.

T. Tulasnella auricula-minor, Conchites, Paul. 1793 2: 398 bifrons,

Ind. Fr. 1822: (descr.), [pi. 184 f 5, as Peziza biparasitica, Tremella, 219; Phyllopta

= leporina PPaul.] (France) (d.n.) = Otidea Fr. 1849; Sclerotium foliaceum Fr. 1815

-— —Based abnormal sp. Discomycetes (Sweden) (d.n.). on an

Paul. T. auricula-ursi, Conchites, 1793 2: 399 growth on the stalk ofNyctalis parasita Fr.,

Ind. of similar nature (descr.), [pi. 185fs. 3, 4, as Omoriza perhaps an excrescense a

= what has been called onosotis Paul.] (France) (d.n.) Otidea sp. to Tremellamycetophila

— Discomycetes. Peck, q.v.

Bull, Mcrat = recisa Auricularia per (Auricularii- boletiformis, Tremella Exidia

neae); sensu Brogn. = Hirneola; sensu borealis, Guepinia, P. Karst. 1895 (Finland)

Fr. 1825 = Stereum (not listed); sensu (nom. nud.).

Wahlenb., in part = Exidia Botryochaete Corda = Phleogena

Auriculariella = Schreb. Hirneola botryoides, Tremella, (L.) 1771 (generic

= L. auricularis, Auricularia, Gyraria, Hirneola name n.v.p.); Byssus 1753: 1169 = Hirneola auricula-judae Phytoconis botryoides (L.) Bory, the correct

auriculatus, -um, Hydnum, Tremellodon = Pseu- name according to Drouet & Dailey 1956

These authors dohydnum gelatinosum (BBU 12): 145. regarded

auriformis, Tremella = ? Tremella mesenterica Botrydinia vulgaris Breb. [apud Menegh.] as

austriaca, Kordyanella, Hohn. 1904 (Am 2): 274 an isonym. If this were correct, and Bre-

(Austria) (nom. anam.).—Originally re- bisson had correctly interpreted the Lin-

garded as closely related to Kordyana (Exo- naean species, than Tremella botryoides is (i) Fide D. P. either if basidiaceae). Rog. 1957 (M 49): a nomen confusum Jaag [1933

in 902 an unidentifiedimperfect state forming (Bsb 42): 169-185 6fs.] is correct inter-

sporodochia. — Deuteromycetes. preting Botrydinia vulgaris as a lichen-like

Peck & association of azaleae, Exobasidium, 1873 (BBf 1): 63 moss protonema and various

New of the 1874 (RNS 26): 72 (U.S.A., York); species Coccomyxa Schmidle, or (ii)

sensu Ritz. Bos 1901 (LbT 9): 77 = E. name ofa true lichen ifGeitler [1956 (ObZ

& cf. is japonicum Shirai, q.v., (131). 103): 469-474 2 fs.] followed.

Bourdotia (Tremellineae)

Tremella = ? Tremella Clavaria Calocera badia, foliacea brachyorrhiza, = viscosa badio-umbrina, Exidia, Ulocolla brachyspora, Heterochaetella DONK: On European Heterobasidiae 307

brassicaecola, Tremella, B. & Br.—Mentioned caesiocarnea, [Tulasnella], Thelephora

W. G. Sm. by 1908: 452 as "probably a caesiocinerea, Thelephora, Killerm. 1922 (Dba

— T. Britz. form of Hypociea rufa Fr." 15): 6. An error for caesiocarnea brebissonii, Helicobasidium, Protonema (P- !93)-

f. Sirobasidium brefeldianum microsporum, caesiocinerea, -um, Basidiodendron,Bourdotia, brefeldii, [Calocera], Guepinia Corticium, Gloeocystidium, Sebacina bresadolae, Sebacina = Sebacina incrustans caesius, Dacrymyces

muscicola bresadolae, Typhula = Eocronartium calcea, -um, Sebacina, Auricularia, Corticium,

fili- Bourd. & G. brevieri, Exobasidium = Herpobasidium Exidiopsis, Thelephora; sensu

cinum Erikss. = Sistotremastrum suecicum Jo. (not brinkmannii, Tulasnella listed), Corticiaceae

? Seer. M. britzelmayri, Tremella= Dacrymycespalmatus calcea rimosa, Thelephora, 1833 3: 223 britzelmayriana, Tremella, Ade 1923 (ZP 2): (double epithet: n.v.p.) = Thelephora calcea

= —An error for T. Pers. Sebacina calcea 63. britzelmayri, q.v. (p. 174)

Atractium brunaudiana, -um, Atractiella, callae, [Thanatephorus], Rhizoctonia brunnea, Tremella, Opiz 1852 (Czechoslovakia, Calloria Fr. 1835 [1958 (Ta 7): 173]; lecto-

—See & al. Bohemia) (nom. nud.). Klast. type: Peziza fusarioides Berk., q.v.—Formerly

8 for label, treated of "Tremellinei". — 1958: f. (on p. 37) herbarium as a genus brunneola, Exidia Discomycetes. buccina, Guepiniopsis, Helotium, Peziza, Phi- Calocera (Dacrymycetales)

= of disco- Calocera alea; sensu Fr., Quel. species Calopposis —

mycetes (not listed) calospora, Sebacina, Exidiopsis,

= Proto- bucciea, Guepinia (see p. 335) Guepiniopsis calospora, Tulasnella, Gloeotulasnella,

buccina tremella butyracea, Tremella, Timm 1788 (d.n.) = camelliae, Exobasidium, Shirai 1896 (BMT 10):

Tremella colore —An alien. A col- unctuosa, butyri et figura Wulff 51 pi. 4 fs. 1-3 (Japan). 1765: 36 (Germany).—Nomen dubium. lection from England referred here by

S. F. Dennis & Wak. byssoides, Corynoides, (Bull, per Merat) 1946 (TBS 29): 142 f. 1.

— & illustrations: Akai Gray 1821; Clavaria Bull. 1788 : pi. 415 f 2 Descriptions 1939

& H.: 118 S. Ito 1791 209 (France) (generic name (BMT 53): fs. 1-6, pi. 1; 1955:

Merat 1821. —Fide Fr. McNabb n.v.p.) per 1832: 48f.31; 1962 (TNZ 1): 261/. 1:

= A. & S. 294 Ceratium hydnoides (Jacq.) 1, pi. if. 1.

[= Ceratomyxia fruticulosa (O. F. Mull.) Campylobasidium = Septobasidium

Macbr.]. — Myxomycetes. Candida Pers., Tremella

Pers. 1801: Timm byssoides, Thelephora, 577 (Ger- Candida, Tremella, 1788: 253 (Germany)

Fr. not ~ Pers. Pers. not "v many) (d.n.) per 1821 = Amphinema (d.n.), per 1822,

Corti- —Nomen byssoides (Pers. per Fr.) Jo. Erikss., Lloyd 1919. dubium. Apparently

= ciaceae. — Sensu Bon. Sebacina in- not a species ofBasidiomycetes, cf. Endogone

Link Fr. ? crustans per

Poria = canescens, Aporpium, Aporpium caryae cabralii, Septobasidium capitata, Guepinia, Feltg. (Luxemburg).—A caesia Bres. & Bourdotia herbarium Torr., Bourdotia, pulu- name, incidentally mentioned

=" Sebacina =Bourdotia Tuber- lahuanasubsp., : galzinii byHohn. 1907 (SbW 116): 142 caesia Pat., Sebacina cularia (vulgaris ?)”. — Deuteromycetes.

Tul. = caesia, Sebacina, (Pers.) 1871, misapplied, caraganae, Tremella Hirneola auricula-

not/an ~ Pat. 1889; Corticium Pers. 1796 O. judae

Fr. Retz. 1: 15 pi. 3 f. 6 (Germany) (d.n.) per carbonacea, Tremella, 1769 (SVH 30):

Sebacina Bourd. & G. —Fide Fr. = 1821; laciniata subsp. 250 (d.n.). 1832: 332 Sphaeria

— 1928, misapplied.—Nomen dubium & [= Hypoxylon] spp. Pyrenomycetes. Sebacina ambiguum. Sensu Tul. = ? carestiana, -um, Septobasidium, Mohortia

incrustans; sensuBourd. & G. = Sebacina carneola, Sebacina

caesia M. P. Christ. = Sebacina Pat.; sensu carneum, Nostoc, (Lyngb.) Ag. 1824 (d.n.) per

— Cf. Born. & Flah. 1888 VII sp. (51). (ASn 7): 196; PERSOONIA Vol. Part 308 4, 3, 1966

Nostoc commune var. carneum Lyngb. 1819 1964. — The separation of Endostilbum

—This annotated from (d.n.) (Faeroes).- was by Malenf. Pirobasidium Hohn. may

Steud. with "cfr. Exidia untenable. — Cf. also 1824: 297 glan- appear Hyaloria

dulosa”, evidently in error. — Nostocaceae europaea Killerm. and Killermannia Neuh.

heterocysteae. —Deuteromycetes.

carotae, Hypochnus, Rostr. (in herb.), Lind cerasi, Tremella, Schum. 1803: 438 (nom.

1913 (Denmark) (nom. nud.).—Presum- anam.) (d.n.).—Nomen dubium (25). —

ably = Thanatephorus cucumeris (p. 187). Sensu Tul. = Craterocolla cerasi

Tremella A. & S. Helvetia Wulf. carpinea, fragiformis var., cerasina, (“Elvela”), 1786 (CoJ

Pers. 1801 1805: 301 (Germany) (d.n.); Dacrymyces i): 347 (Austria) (d.n.); Peziza

forma & Fr. fragiformis (A. S.) per 1822; (d.n.); Peziza (Wulf.) per Steud. 1824

Hohn. Elvela Mylittopsis 1917, misapplied.— ("Batsch. [error] / cerasina. Wulf.");

Nomen dubium. Sensu Hohn. = Myco- Ombrophila rubella var. Qu61. 1886, mis-

cf. — gloea macrospora interpreted, (26). Discomycetes. cartilaginea, Exidia Ceratobasidium (Tulasnellaceae)

cartilagineo-lenta, Exidia, Lundell (in litt.), cerebriformis, Dacrymyces = Dacrymyces lacry-

Neuh. = Exidia malis 1935 (syn.) cartilaginea (p. 167). cerebrina, Tremella, Ulocolla

Poria Rox. caryae, Aporpium, Polyporus, cerina, Tremella, Clem. 1807: 321 (Spain)

cassiopes, Exobasidium (generic name n.v.p.) —Fide Ag. 1823

Rab. S.A. =Encoelium sinuosum castaneus, Dacrymyces, 1844: 53 (Italy). 1: 146 (Roth) Ag.

Derb. & Sol. —Nomen dubium. Neuhoff {1936a: 47) = Colpomenia sinuosa (Roth)

thought of Exidia badio-umbrina, Kennedy — Phaeophyceae. {1959b: 900) suggested Dacrymyces enatus Cerinomyces (Dacrymycetales)

sensu stricto. chalybea.—[“Tremella] chalybea Pers.", Steud.

Exobasidium Corticium caucasicum, 1824 (syn-).—An error for (‘To-

chalibaea Pers. cavarae, Calocera mentella’)

Sebacina cavarae, Septobasidium chlorascens, = Sebacina helvelloides

cavendishiani, [Thanatephorus], Rhizoctonia Chrysobasidium Clem. 1902 (nom. nud. &

Ceracea Cragin 1885 [1958 (Ta 7): 174]; anam.) [1956 (Re 4): 114] =Aureobasidium

Ceracea vernicosa Viala & v. monotype: Cragin, q.v.; sen- Boyer, q.

su Pat. = Cerinomyces; some species now chrysocoma, Dacrymyces, Bulgaria, Calloria,

referred to Arrhytidia. — Special literature: Guepiniopsis, Hymenoscyphus, Orbilia, Peziza;

— = Orbilia Martin, 1949. Deuteromycetes. sensu Sow. 1798-.pi. 132 sp. (not

With. fide Donk ceranoides, Tremella, 1776 (generic name listed), 1964 (PNA 67): 13-14;

= Damae n.v.p.) Tremellapalustris gelatinosa, sensu Sacc. 1878 (Mi 1): 429 (Calloria),

Dill. Pat. T.a. cornuum facie 1741: 51 pi. 10 f. 10 1884 1: 130 f. 293 (Calloria),

is Sacc. = (England).—Dillenius's species now 1889 (SF 8): 624 (Orbilia)) species

of usually referred to Chaetophora incrassata discomycetes (not listed); sensu Bref. =

(Huds.) Haz. — Chlorophyceae. Dacrymyces estonicus; sensu Brasf. = cerasi Tub, Craterocolla, Ditangium, Exidia, Heterotextus sp. (not listed)

Ombrophila, Tremella chrysocoma, Tremella = Tremella mesenterica cerasi, Dacrymyces, Lib. ("in Herb."; Roum. chrysosperma, Dacrymyces = Dacrymyces pal-

1880 & Cooke 1880, incidental mention) matus

ex Sacc. 1888 Clavaria (SF 6): 802 (Belgium).— cincta, Clavaria, cornea var. = ? Calo-

Nomen dubium. cera cornea; sensu Seer.= Calocera furcata Bourd. & G. cerasi, Sirobasidium, 1909 (BmF cinerea, -um, Basidiodendron,Bourdotia, Seba-

= 25): 19 (France) (nom. anam.) Endo- cina, Thelephora

stilbum & cerasi (Bourd. G.) Maleng. 1964 cinerea, Tremella, (Batsch) With. 1792 (d.n.), the (BmF 80): hi, possibly imperfect not ~ Bon. 1851: Peziza Batsch 1786: 197

of cf. M. P. = state Coryne solitaria Rehm, pi. 26f. 137 (Germany) (d.n.) Mollisia

Christ. 81 — cinerea P. Karst. — 1963 (Fr 7): f. 4. Special (Batsch per Pers.) literature: Christiansen, 1963: Malen^on, Discomycetes. DONK: On Heterobasidiae European 309

cinerea Bon., Tremella = Exidia plana clavaeformis, see clavariaeformis cinerella, Bourdotia, Sebacina = Basidiodendron clavariaeformis, Tremella, Wulf. 1788 (CoJ 2):

clavae- caesiocinereum 174 (Austria) (d.n.); Steud. 1824 ("

Schum. = clavariae- cinereoviridis, Tremella, 1803: 439 formis syn.); Gymnosporangium

Lind —Nomen — Uredinales. (Denmark )(d.n.) per 1913.- formis (Wulf.) per DC. 1805.

dubium (70). clavarioides, Thelephora, Thuill. (in herb.).—

Fide Tul. ASn V Sebacina cinereus, [Sebacina], Hypochnus i872( 15): 225 =

Wulf. cinnabarina, Tremella, 1787 (SBe 8): 155 incrustans (p. 176).

(Austria) (d.n.), not "N/ Bull. 1789 (d.n.) clavata, Tremella, (Pers.) Pers. 1801 (d.n.);

& Fic. & Schub. Pers. (Bull, per M£rat) 1823, Acrospermum 1797 C.: 222/90 (Ger-

Pat. = not "v (Mont.) 1900; T. ruberrima many) (non. anam.) (d.n.); Coryne (Pers.)

Gmel. —Nomen dubium. S. F. Tremella Pers. 1822: 1791. per Gray 1821;

Bull. Fr. 218. & cinnabarina, Tremella, 1789: pi. 455 f. 2 1822: —Description illustration:

Wulf. Pers. (France) (nom. anam) (d.n.), not ~ 1804 I.p.: 24 pi. 10f. 2 (Tremella).

Tu- — Tremella 1787 (d.n.), not ~ (Mont.) Pat. 1900; Cf. sarcoides Fr., q.v.

bercularia Merat S. Wettst. (Bull.) per 1821; Gyraria coccinea, Naematelia, 1885 (VW 35): F. Gray 1821; TremellaFr.1822: 233 (" cinna- 554 (Austria).—Nomen dubium.

incidental Fic. & Sch. barrina”; mention), coccinea, Tremella, Scop. 1772: 402 (Yugo-

= Tremella Gmel. Steud. 1823: 316 ("P."); fucata slavia, Carniola) (d.n.) per 1824.

—Nomen dubium. 1791 (d.n.). —Sometimes (Ferraris 1910:

24) referred to Tubercularia vulgaris Tode cochlearis, Guepinia = Guepiniopsis buccina

the of Nectria cinna- Paul. T. per Fr., imperfect state cochleata, Conchites, 1791 2: 398

barina Fr. Tremella cinna- Ind. (Tode per Fr.) (descr.), [pi. 184 f. 6, as Peziza

barina "Spreng." is an application of the cochleata (Paul.) Paul.] (France) (d.n.).—

— Otidea — present name. Deuteromycetes. sp. Disomycetes. cinnamomescens, Exidia cokeri, Sebacina = Sebacina epigaea citri, Exobasidium collematiformis, Tremella, Schleich. 1821 (Swit- citriforme, Uthatobasidium zerland) (nom. nud.) = Tremella atrovirens

“clandestinum clandestinum.—1-Hydnum Nees", J. Seer., q.v.

Schroet. 1888: 397 (syn.) = Hydnum colorata, Tremella = Tremella moriformis

Nees Steud. gelatinosum Scop, sensu 1816: 234 compressa, Tremella, 1824: 414, 425

& 61 = for Tremella pi. 32 f. 244 1817: ("Pers.") Hyd- ("Dillw."; syn.).—An error

clandestinum marina tenuissima & Dill. num gelatinosum var. Pers., not compressa 1741:

clandestinum Batsch Steud. = Ulva L. = Entero- Hydnum per 1824; 48 pi. 8f. 9 compressa

= Pseudohydnum gelatinosum (p. 173). morpha compressa (L.) Grev. — Chloro- Note.—Persoon (1825: 172) adopted for phyceae.

his Paul. T. Hydnum gelatinosum var. clandestinum concha-marina, Conchites, 1793 2: 397

" Nees's description of Hydnum Apus gelati- (descr.), Ind. (d.n.) = Concha saligna

which marina Sterb. E " nosum Pers.", was accompanied by 1712: 252 pi. 27 f. (pre

from Linnaean —The of the a figure copied Schaeffer's plate 145 name). identity (as Hydnum gelatinosum Scop.). The figure 'basionym' (Belgium) is doubtful; the corresponds with the left hand fruitbody species depicted by Paul. 1812-35: pi. 184

Schaeflfer in his Nees depicted by figure 4. f 3 belongs to the Pezizaceae.

excluded Schaeffer's from his = Hirneola plate 144 Conchites

of Nees concept Hydnum gelatinosum (cf. confluens, Dacrymyces

1816: 234). Persoon cited in addition to conformis, Dacrymyces, Ditiola = Femsjonia

Nees's also "Schaeff. this figure 144": may pezizaeformis

well be an error for '145'. The type (here conglobata, Tremella, Britz. 1893 (BCb 54): of Persoon's is the chosen) varietal name 105 [pi. 748 f. 1j] (Germany).-—Nomen fungus copied by Nees from Schaeffer. dubium.

and made = (Schaeffer's plates 144 145 out conglobatus, Dacrymyces Craterocolla cerasi

part of the original conception of Hydnum conica, Tremella, (Hedw. f. ex DC.) Poir. 1808

= conicum clandestinum Batsch = Hydnum repandum L.) (d.n.) Gymnosporangium Hedw. PERSOONIA Part 310 Vol. 4, 3, 1966

f. 216 = corniculatum Dill. ex DC. 1805: (Europe) Gymno- fuscum 1741: 143 pi. ig

the = sporangium sp.—A nomen ambiguumat f 30 (England) Leptogium palmatum

al. Mont. — Lichenes. specific level, fide Hylander & 1953 (Huds.)

1 De cited Calocera (ObL i ): 15. Candolle, I.e., T. cornigera,

Kern juniperina L. ( q.v .) as synonym. Fide cornigerum, Ceratobasidium, Corticium

= ? G. sabinae Schaeff. 1911 (BNY 7): 461 (Dicks.) cornuta, Clavaria, 1774: 121 [pi. 2Sg\

Wint. — Uredinales. Lam. per (Germany) (d.n.), not 1778 1881 Retz. conigenus, Dacrymyces, Niessl (Czecho- (d.n.), not ~ 1779 (d.n.), not

& —Fide Fr. 1821: slovakia, Moravia) (nom. anam. nud.) Wulf. 1781 (d.n.). 486 = Hohn. Clavaria viscosa Calocera but this = Pseudopatellina conigena (Niessl) ex = viscosa,

— Deutero- identification is 1908 (SbW 117): 1024, 1025. very doubtful. Perhaps an

abnormal of Lentinus mycetes. growth sp.

conopeae, [Thanatephorus], Orcheomyces cornuta, Tremella, Neck. 1768: 524 (generic

Bourd. & ~ conspersa, Peniotulasnella, G. 1928: name n.v.p.), not (Pers.) per Pers.

the cited this 65, in obs. (France) (nom. prov.).— 1822.—From synonyms may

Nomen dubium. be a species of Chaetophora; cf. C. incrassata

= Tremello- — contorta, -us, Polyozus, Thelephora (Huds.) Haz. Chlorophyceae. dendropsis tuberosa cornuta, Tremella, (Pers.) Pers. 1801 (d.n.),

~ contortus, Dacrymyces = Dacrymyces tortus; not Neck. 1768 (generic name n.v.p.);

in = sensu Ces., part Dacrymyces pal- Acrospermum Pers. 1797 C.: 222/88 (Ger-

Pers. matus many) (d.n.); Tremella (Pers.) per

coralloides, Tremella, Scop. 1772: 402 (Yugo- 1822; Fr. 1822: 218 (not accepted).—Fide

Steud. 1888 = slavia, Carniola) (d.n.) per 1824. Sacc. (SF 6): 702 Tremellasarcoides —Nomen dubium. Fr., q.v.

Corallomorpha Opiz 1856 [1958 (Ta 7): 174]; corrugata Relh., Auricularia, Tremella = Auri-

lectotype: Corallomorpha schoblii Opiz.— cularia mesenterica

Nomen dubium. Opiz thought that the corrugata With., Helvella =Auricularia mesen-

die terica genus "sich an Fries'sche Gattung

Calocera it Exidia = anschlieset", but seems more corrugativa, Myxarium hyalinum

thatit the Fr. likely belongs to Deuteromycetes. corticalis, Calocera, (Batsch per Steud.)

Poria = Clavaria Batsch 162 cordylina, Aporpium caryae 1828; 1786: 231 pi. 28f.

Schleich. 1821 coreacea, Tremella, (nom. nud.) (Germany) (d.n.) per Steud. 1824; =

Seer. M. Lentaria corticalis Corner ex 1833 3: 286 (Switzerland), (Batsch per Steud.) Poir. 1808 not T. coriacea (Vauch.) (d.n.), 1950: 440 (in error as ‘corticola Quel.'),

= & Trott. —Nomen Clavariaceae. — Sensu Bref. Calocera not ~ Sacc. 1912.

"Sa teinte est dubium. Cf. Secretan, I.e.: cornea

un vert obscur — Lichenes Ceracea . . .." ? corticioides, Dacrymyces,

coriacea Sacc. & Trott., Tremella = Tremella corticola, Muciporus, (Fr.) Juel 1897, mis- ('Microtremella') coriaria applied; Polyporus Fr. 1821:385;=Oxyporus

coriacea, Tremella, (Vauch.) Poir. 1808 (d.n.), corticola (Fr.) E. Komar., Polyporaceae.

= T. Schleich. Seer. — Sensu in Tulasnella violea not coreacea per 1833, Juel, part

not T. coriacea Sacc. & Trott. Nostoc Tremella Nees 1816: 1912; Coryne, "stirps" , 157

Vauch. 226 16 & 1803: pi. f. 4 (Switzer- 1817: 40 (inadmissible term denoting land) (d.n.).—Fide Born. & Flah. 1888 rank) (nom. anam.); Coryne (Nees) Nees

VII = Vauch. & alternative S. (ASn 7): 204 Nostoc commune (nom. prov. name) ex

— hetero- per Born. & Flah. Nostocaceae F. Gray 1821 (nom. anam.) (nom. rejic.

cysteae. prop.), not "v Tul. 1865 (nom. cons, Tremella coriaria, Tremella ('Microtremella') prop.); sect. Coryne (Nees) ex Pers.

Tremella Fr. Tremella cornea, Calocera, Clavaria, Corynoides 1822; subgen. 1822;

Tremella Clavae- Schleich. Fr. = cornea, Tremella, 1821 (Switzerland) [trib.] 1838; sect. (nom. nud.). formes Fr.; lectotype: Acrospermum dubium

= With. Tremella — comiculata, Tremella, 1776: 733 (generic Pers. acrospermum Nees, q.v.

= is Piro- name n.v.p.) Lichenoides pellucidum This form-genus now known as DONK: On European Heterobasidiae 311

basidium Hohn. (imperfect state of Coryne Merulius = Hirneola auricula-judae

Tul., Discomycetes). — Deuteromycetes. cucumeris, Thanatephorus, Hypochnus

= Corynoides Calocera culmorum, Tremella = Sebacina incrustans Craterocolla (Tremellineae) cuprina—-“Tremella cuprina Bory" is cited by

crenata, Guepinia = Guepiniopsis buccina Ag. 1824: 22 under Nostoc rufescens Ag. Schreb. Sibth. N. Born. & crispa, Tremella, 177 1, 1794; [= carneum (Lyngb.) Ag. per

"huic (generic name n.v.p.), not Lloyd 1922; Flah.] as videtur proxima".

= Dill. Tremella terrestris tenera, crispa 1741: curvispora, Tulasnella

= Schum. 52 pi. 10 f 12 (England); Ulva crispa cylindrica, Tremella, (Vahl) 1803 (d.n.)

Vahl Lightf. 1777 (typonym), not ~ (L.) DC. per Pers. 1822; Acrospermum 1792 (Fd

With. F. 8 1805; Tremella 1776 (generic name 6 I 18): pi. IOJ6 f. 4 (Norway).—

= Prasiola Kiitz. Fide Fr. 1822: 218 Tremella sarcoides n.v.p.); crispa (Lightf.) = Fr.

— (typonym). Chlorophyceae. (var.), q.v.

= ? cristata, -um, Corticium, Cristella, Merisma, cyphella, Guepinia Femsjonia pezizaeformis

Thelephora, Sebacina = Sebacina incrustans; cystidiophora, Exidiopsis = Basidiodendron

cinereum Pat. = Cristella sensu fastidiosa (Pers. per Fr.) Brinkm., Corticiaceae cystidiophora, Tulasnella, Gloeotulasnella, Tre-

Cristella Pat. 1887 [1957 (Ta 6): 68].—D. mella

P. that the Rog. 1944 (M 36): 78 stated Cystobasidium (Auriculariineae)

type species "presumably is a Sebacina”.

This is incorrect, the type species “Crist, Dacrymycella Bizzoz. 1885 [1962 (Ta 11): 82];

cristata” Pat. is sensu undoubtedlyCorticium monotype: Dacrymycella fertillissima, q.v.

P. Karst. = Corda fastidiosum (Pers. per Fr.) Dacrymyces (Dacrymycetales); sensu

Cristella fastidiosa (Pers. per Fr.) Brinkm., = Dacrymyces, imperfect state.

cf. Donk — = Calocera 1952 (Re 1): 485-486. Dacryomitra

Corticiaceae. Dacryomyces = Dacrymyces, q.v. crocata, Hirneolina = Eichleriella alliciens Dacryonaema (Dacrymycetales)

= Basidiodendron Hohn. croceotingens, Gloeocystidium Dacryopsella 1915 [1954 (Re 2): 457];

— eyrei holotype: Dacryopsis typhae Höhn., q.v.

Tuber = Helicobasidium brebissonii This which has been in croci, genus, merged

Pistillina does not the crocorum, Rhizoctonia, Sclerotium, Thanatophytum Quel., belong to

= Helicobasidium brebissonii Dacrymycetaceae as von Hohnel thought. crozalsii, Sebacina dauci, Rhizoctonia =Helicobasidium brebissonii

Sm. 1800 = Ceratobasidium cruenta, Tremella, 1807 (EB 25): pi. deciduum, Sclerotium anceps

Hook. *Pilacre (generic name n.v.p.) per 1821; decorticata, Onygena, Phleogena, Lloyd

Olivia S. F. l = (Sm. per Hook.) Gray 1821 = 9 2 5 Phleogena faginea

Porphyridium cruentum (Sm. per Hook.) Nag. deformans, Herpobasidium

= = P. purpureum (Bory) Drew & Ross. — deglubens, Corticium, Sebacina Sebacina in- Rhodophyceae. crustans crustulina, -us, Cerinomyces, Ceracea; sensu deglubens, Eichleriella, Radulum

Brasf. = W. Mart, Cerinomyces pallidus G. deliquescens, Calloria, Dacrymyces, Tremella =

(not listed) ? Dacrymyces lacrymalis; sensu Fr., Duby stillatus crypta, Tremella, Lib. ("in Herb."), Roum. = Dacrymyces

1880 (syn.), Cooke 1880 (G 8): 82 (accept- deliquescens var. castaneus, Dacrymyces = Dacry-

Mussat ed?), 1901 ( “cripta syn.).— myces enatus

Nomen dubium. Fide Roum. 1880 (Rm deliquescens (nom. conf.), Muciporus, in part =

= Tremella unicolor almost Tulasnella 2): 15 Fr., q.v., calospora

certainly in error. deliquescens, Tulasnella = Tulasnella calospora

Sebacina = crystallina, Heterochaetella, Stypella deminuta, -um, Basidiodendron, Bourdotia, papillata Sebacina

= & crystallinum, -us, Hydnum, Tremellodon Pseu- dendroidea, Sebacina, (B. & C. apud B. Br.)

B. B. & dohydnum gelatinosum Lloyd 19 15; Hymenochaete & C. apud „ „ cucullata, -us, Brond., Auricularia, Cantharellus, Br. 1873 (JLS 14): 69 (Venezuela).—Not a Persoonia Vol. Part 312 4, 3, 1966

species of Heterobasidiae. The precise Spreng. 1827;= Tremella acrospermum Nees.

and is still discussion. Pers. = identity nature under —Fide 1822: 321 Peziza sarcoides

Fide Petch 280 the collection Fr. 1912 (APe 5): (Jacq.) per Pers.; fide 1822: 217 = from Tremella sarcoides Ceylon represents mycelial growth Fr., q.v.

the of the substratum on which spores dubia, Tremella, Spreng. 1827, not (Pers.

have been and S. F. Pers. (Ganoderma sp.) deposited per Gray) 1822;= Phlebomorpha

is often Pers. 1822: 61 which parasitized by Hypomyces rufa pi. 6fs. 1, 2 (Europe). chrysocomus B. & Br. A similar growth has -—Nomen dubium. Possibly the Plas-

been from modium state of occasionally reported Europe; a Myxomycete.

cf. Septocylindrium lindtneri Kirschst. 1936 dubium, Exobasidium

= Hirneola (ZP 15): 118I pi. 15 f. 2. dubyi, Guepinia auricula-judae

Bon. Brond. depressa, Exidia, 1851: 336 pi. 12f. 244. dufouri, Tremella, 1854 (AFA 1): 59

—An for Exidia de- —Nomen error impressa, q.v., (France). dubium.

scribed of the Roum. on p. 153 same work. dulciana, Tremella, 1890 (Rm 12): 1

= ? Tremella Sacc. Dermatangium (France) (nom. prov. ?), 1891.—

With. dichotoma, Tremella, 1776: 733 (generic Nomen dubium.Perhaps abnormal growth

name n.v.p.) — Lichenoides gelatinosum, produced by the 'host' [fruitbody of Clito- Dill. nebularis foliis angustioribus tuniformibus 1741: cybe (Batsch per Fr.) Kumm.],

28 = what has Tremella 142 pi. 19 f. (England) Leptogium similar to been called

— Lichenes. fluviatile (Huds.) Leight. mycetophila, q.v.

L. difformis, Tremella, 1755: 429 (Sweden)

(generic name n.v.p.), not 'V With. 1776 Ecchyna Fr. 1819 (nom. nud.) & 1825 (nom. (generic name n.v.p.); = Leathesia difformis prov.), not ~ Fr. 1849 [1958 (Ta 7): 173];

Aresch. — (L.) per Phaeophyceae. monotype: an unnamed species.

With. = difformis, Tremella, 1776: 733 (generic Ecchyna Fr. ex Boud. Phleogena

name n.v.p.), not L. 1755 (generic name Echin-agaricus Haller 1742 (pre-Linnaean

n.v.p.); = Lichenoides maritimumgelatinosum name) [1958 (Ta7): 194].—By lectotypi-

Dill. = P. Karst. . . . 1741: 137 pi. 19/. 19 (England). fication Pseudohydnum (p. 173).

Hoffm. digitata, Tremella, 1787 V.c. 1: 33 effusa, -us, Achroomyces, Platygloea

not '"v Vill. & Neuh. pi. 7 f. 2 (Germany) (d.n.), effusa, Exidia, (A. S.) per 1926;

= Candida & S. 1789 (d.n.); Gymnosporangium sp.—Hoff- Tremella var. effusa A. 1805:

cited Tremella sabinae Dicks, —Nomen mann as syn- 302 (Germany) (d.n.). dubium.

— Uredinales. onym. effusa, Sebacina, Exidiopsis, Thelephora

digitata, Tremella, Vill. 1789: 1007 (France) effusus.— “D[acrymyces] effusus est Thelephora

fide (d.n.), not ~ Hoffm. 1787 (d.n.).—Fide junior", Fr. 1822: 231.

Kern = Tulasnella 191 1 (BNY 7): 464 Gymnosporan- eichleriana,

gium clavariaeformis, q.v. — Uredinales. Eichleriella (Tremellineae)

Sebacina Fr. dimitica, elegans, Tremella, 1822: 214 (U.S.S.R.,

dimorphum, Septogloeum = Kriegeria eriophori Russia, Kamchatka). —Reported from disciforme, -is, Achroomyces, Cryptomyces, Petrograd [= Leningrad], Russia, by Fr.

Epidochium, Platygloea, Tremella 1874: 691. The collection referred to was

Petri Tremella aurantia discoideum, Exobasidium; sensu = originally published as

Fr. E. Exobasium japonicum, q.v. Schw. sensu 1828 2: 33, Weinm.

from Bavaria discoideum Exobasidium = Also var. horvathianum, 1836: 530. reported by Exobasidium discoideum Allesch. 1889 [cf. 1890 (H 29): 301].

Ditangium = Craterocolla Nomen dubium.

Ditiola (Dacrymycetales) elliptica, Tremella, Pers. 1822: 109 (Europe)

Pilacre = ? —Fide Fr. = divisa, Phleogena faginea (nom. anam.). 1822: 234 dubia, Heterochaetella, Heterochaete, Sebacina Hymenella vulgaris Fr. ("etiam hue spectat").

dubia, Tremella, (Pers.) Pers. 1801 (d.n.); ellisii, Dacrymyces = Dacrymyces stillatus

Acrospermum Pers. 1797 C.: 224/92 (Ger- elongata, Calocera, (Weinm.) Streinz 1861 many) (nom. anam.) (d.n.); Tremella (syn.); Calocera viscosa f. elongata Weinm.

Pers. 'v (Pers. per S. G. Gray) 1822, not 1836: 517 (U.S.S.R., Russia). —Fide DONK: On European Heterobasidiae 313

cf. Calocera Nomen dubium. The McNabb 1965 (NZB 3): 53, description strongly viscosa. suggests Tremiscus helvelloides (p. 185). Cf.

Tremella arctica. enata, -us, Dacrymyces, Arrhytidia, Tremella Vienn- encephala, Tremella, Naematelia erikssonii, Corticium, Maubl.—Citedby of Helico- encephaliformis, Naematelia, Tremella = Tre- B. 1949: 1179 as synonym

mella encephala basidium purpureum "(Tul.) Pat." = Helico-

Encephalium (nom. conf.), in part = Tremella basidium brebissonii (p. 156). Schum. encephalodes, Tremella, 1803: 439 eriophori, Kriegeria, Platygloea, Xenogloea (Denmark) (d.n.), not/an T. encephaloides estonicus, Dacrymyces

Gmel. 1791.—Nomen dubium. Fide Fr. Eucronartium = Eocronartium

1822: 228 but Lasch = Naemetelia rubiformis Fr., euphorbiae, Dacrymyces, 1846 (Germany) this identification is improbable. (nom. nud.).

= encephaloidea Spreng., Tremella = Tremella euphrasiae, Corticium, Hypochnus, Monilia

encephala Thanatephorus cucumeris

encephaloides Gmel., Tremella = Tremella europaea, Hyaloria, Killerm. 1936 (BdG 54): —Cf. encephala 165pi. 25 (Germany) (nom. anam.).

Eocronartium Killerm. “Sirobasidium (Auriculariineae) 1940 (DrG 21): 81,

Exidia = ? Exidia cerasi Bourd. . . scheint identisch zu sein." epapillata, plana .

P. Karst. If this is then the is mis- Epidochiopsis 1892 (H 31): 294 correct protologue

Neuh. — (nom. anam.); monotype: Epidochium atro- leading. See also Killermannia

Fr. = — virens (Fr.) sensu P. Karst. Epidochi- Special literature: Killermann, 1936. opsis atrovirens P. Karst.—Originally based Deuteromycetes.

of Heterochaete on a misinterpretation Epidochium europaea, [Exidia],

— Phialea = buccina atrovirens q.v. Deuteromycetes. exarata,Peziza, Guepiniopsis

Epidochium = Tremella Exidia (Tremellineae)

epigaea, Sebacina, Sebacina laciniata subsp., Exidiopsis = Sebacina

Tremella exigua, Tremella

Fuck. Exobasidiellum epilobii, Propolis, 1870 (Jna 23-24): 253 (Tulasnellaceae)

3 (Germany).—Fide Rehm 1888 (RKF i ): Exobasidium (Exobasidiales)

= P. 1888: 149 Propolis faginca (Schrad.) per expallens, Calocera, Quel. 457 (France). Karst. [= P. versicolor (Fr.) Fr.]. Fuckel —I would exclude this from the Dacry-

erroneously stated that the conidiophorous mycetaceae and for the present consider

state was a species of Exidia. — Disco- it a doubtfulspecies of Clavariaceae. I can- with McNabb's mycetes. not agree suggestion [1965 epimyces, Tremella, Pass. 1872 (NGi 4): 165 (NZB 3): 54], "possibly Calocera cornea”. dubium. Tremella Tremella mesenterica (Italy).—Nomen Perhaps abnor- expansa, = mal growth produced by the 'host' [fruit- eyrei, Basidiodendron, Bourdotia, Gloeocysti- of Sebacina body Hygrophorus hypothejus (Fr. per Fr.) dium, Fr.], similar to what has been called

Tremella S. F. = mycetophila, q.v. fabarum, Corynoides, Gray 1821; episphaeria, Tremella, Chaill. (inlitt.), Fr. 1828 Clavaria fabae Sow. 1814 (EB 36): Ind.

Streinz 1861 = Clavaria Sow. (syn.), (“epistatica”, error; syn.), Engl. Fungi; rugosa 1809:

~ Rick —Fide Fr. E. ~ Bull. not J. 1958. 1828 2: pi. 404 (England) (d.n.), not 1789

= Tremella indecorata & cf. Fr. Sow. 1801 33 (p. 181) (71). (d.n.) per 1821, not

= epistatica, Tremella, Streinz 1861 (syn.).— (d.n.).; Merisma pusillum Pers. 1822.— Error for T. ‘episphaeria Nomen dubium. heterobasi- ’, q.v. Doubtfully Steud. dious. erecta, Tremella, ?DC., 1824: 415, not

CSJ Sommerf. “Tremella 1827; "Tremelle in&lite, que facata.— facata Buill.", Humb. 1793:

l'on pourroit nommer Tremelle 126, in obs. —An error for Tremella fucata

Girod-Chantr. 1802: 162 — Gmel. = T. cinnabarina pi. 22 f. 57. Bull., q.v.

Algae. fagi, Ditiola = [Dacrymyces] Ditiola nuda erecta, Tremella, Sommerf. 1827 (MNv 7): 296 fagicola, Dacrymyces, Dacrymyces delique-

(Norway), not ~ ?DC., Steud. 1824.— scens var. Persoonia Part 314 Vol. 4, 3, 1966

faginea, Phleogena, Botryochaete, Ecchyna, state of CalloriaFr. or Dacrymyces, apparent-

Onygena, Pilacre ly in error. — Deuteromycetes.

*Exidia Neuh. Pellicularia faginea, Tremella, 1936 (syn.) filamentosa, -us, -um, (Pat. apud

= Pat. & D. P. Exidia plana Lag.) Rog. 1943, misapplied;

& falcatispora, Clavaria = Eocronartium musci- Hypochnus Pat. apud Pat. Lag. 1891

cola 11 2 (& see p. 335). (BmF 7): 163 pi. f. (Ecuador) (80),

Burt Ceratobasidium L. Olive farinacea, -um, Saccoblastia, Helicobasidium, not 1926;

reference: mis- Helicogloea 1957 (incomplete n.v.p.),

D. P. in = = Basidiodendroncinereum farinacea, Sebacina applied; sensu Rog., part

cucumeris farinellum, -us, Corticium, Xerocarpus = Seba- Thanatephorus cina calcea filicina, ? Protodontia S. F. Heli- farinosa, Corynoides, (Holmskj.) per Gray filicinum, Herpobasidium, Gloeosporium, 1821; Ramaria Holmskj. 1781 (SVS, Nye cobasidium Tremella 6 Tremella = foliacea Samml. 1): 299 plate f (Denmark) (nom. fimbriata,

= anam.) (d.n.); Paecilomyces farinosa fimetaria, -urn, [Achroomyces], Exobasidium,

S. F. Brown & Tremella (Holmskj. per Gray) Ag. G. Helicobasidium, Platygloea,

Sm. 6. — Deutero- = 1957 (TBS 40): 50/. fiimicola, Achroomyces, Platygloea [Achroo-

mycetes. myces] Platygloea fimetaria

Berk. farlowii, Protomerulius = ? Stypella papillata fissa, Guepinia, 1843 (AM 10): 383 pi.

? in and fasciculare, -is, Protodontia, Hericium, Hyd- 12f. 15, part ("Malacca Siam").

hothouse at num, Mucronella, Mucronia, Protohydnum —An alien, reported from a

Berlin P. Henn. 118. — fasciculata, Clavaria, Pers. sensuBon. = Calo- by 1899 (VBr 40):

Fide Bres. & McNabb cera cornea 1911 (Am 9): 273

Tode = fasciculata, Tubercularia, 1790: 20 pi. 4 1965 (NZB 3): 63, 64 Guepinia/Dacry-

= f. 32 (Germany) (nom. anam.) (d.n.) opinax spathularia, g.v.

— Cryptosporiopsis fasciculatus (Tode per Pers.) flabellum, Dacrymyces. Dacrymyces palmatus

Petr. — = 1923 (Am 21): 187 (with descr.). flaccida, Tremella Exidia glandulosa

Fide Tul. 182 = Clavaria =Calocera 1865 C. 3: Peziza carpinea flammea, Schaeff., Calocera,

Pers. (fruitbody not fully developed) = viscosa

D. P. Pezicula carpinea (Pers. per Pers.) Sacc., flavescens, Pellicularia, (Bon.) Rog. 1943,

imperfect state. — Deuteromycetes. misapplied; Hypochnus Bon. 1851: 160 Femsjonia (Dacrymycetales) (Germany); Corticium Wint. 1882 & Botryo-

femsjoniana, Guepinia =Femsjoniapezizaeformis basidium D. P. Rog. 1935, misapplied.—

fendzleri, Microporus, Polyporus, Polystictus = Nomen dubium. Sensu Fuck. = Uthato-

? Aporpium caryae basidium fusisporum

= fenestratum, Corticium -- Uthatobasidiumoch- flavescens, Tubercularia Ditiola radicata

raceum flavida, Calocera = Calocera furcata

fennicus, Dacrymyces flavidula, Tremella = ? Tremella lutescens ferax (nom. conf.), Corticium, in part = flexilis, see fluxilis [Achroomyces] Platygloea peniophorae fluviatilis, Tremella, Rox. Clem. 1807 (d.n.):

Schum. = Tremella & ferruginea, Tremella, 1803: 441 (Den- fluviatilis gelatinosa uterculosa

Pers. Dill. 16 mark) (d.n.) per 1822, not 'v Sm. 1741: 54 pi. 10 f. (England);

Hook. —Fide Fr. TremellaStreinz 1861 1805 (d.n.) per 1821. (syn.).—FideL. 1753:

E. = 1821: 478; 1823: 219; 1828 1: 230 = 1158 (as to 'basionym') Tremellaverrucosa

Fr. = Clavaria contorta Holmskj. per L., q.v.

Streinz Clavariadelphus fistulosus var. contortus fluxilis, Tremella, (Fr.) 1861 ("“flexilis”;

= (Holmskj. per Fr.) Corner 1950: 273/. 102. syn.) Tremella sarcoides var. fluxilis Fr.

— Clavariaceae. 1822: 218 (Sweden) (nom. anam.).—

= Tremella ferruginea Sm., Gyraria, Tremella Tremella sarcoides Fr., q.v.

foliacea foliacea, Tremella, Exidia, Gyraria, Naematelia,

Bizzoz. Ulocolla Bref. = Exidia saccharina fertillissima, Dacrymycella, 1885 (AIv ; sensu

VI —The 3): 309 (Italy) (nom. anam.). foliicola, Tremella, Fuck. 1870 (Jna 23-24):

author this conidial —Fide Sacc. thought to represent a 402 (Germany) (nom. anam.). DONK: On European Heretobasidiae 315

1884 (SF3): 699 = Hainesiarubi (Westend.) fusca, Tremella, (DC.) Poir. 1808 (d.n.), not

Sacc. — Deuteromycetes.

foliodistortum, Herpobasidium, GouldapudKent Lloyd 1917;= Gymnosporangiumfuscum DC.

1 & Melh. — Uredinales. 1943 (RIa 1942-3 ): 136 (lacking 1805: 217 (basionym). Latin description: n.v.p.).—Fide Gould fusca, Tremella, (With.) Steud. 1824 (syn.),

Poir. 1808 1945 (IaJ 19): 317 = Herpobasidium not ~ (DC.) (d.n.), not ~ deformans (p. 158). Lloyd 1917; Tremella arborea var. fusca

= — Steu- fragiformis, Dacrymyces, Naematelia, Tremella With. 1792: 224 (England) (d.n.).

Tremella encephala del referred Tremella fusca as synonym to

fraxini, [Thanatephorus], Rhizoctonia [T.] “ustulata” which is evidently an error

friesiana Exidia = Exidia pithya for T. undulata Hoffm. — An Tremella

= ? friesii Weinm., Cyphella Femsjonia pe- foliacea. zizaeformis fuscoviolacea, Tulasnella

Weinm. friesii, Pilacre, 1834 (Li 9): 413 fuscoviolaceum, Septobasidium, Helicobasidium (U.S.S.R., Russia), not "v Weinm. 1832. fusispora, Tremella ('Microtremella') dubium. Listed Shear —Nomen by & fusispora, -us, -um, Uthatobasidium, Corti-

Dodge 1925 (JaR 30): 414, 415 as syn- cium, Hypochnus, Pellicularia, Peniophora;

ochroleuca ofPilacre Hohn. & L. = onym faginea[￿ Phleogena faginea], sensu Jaapia (Bres.

but the does & original description not agree apud Brinkm.) Nannf. Erikss. (not with this determination. listed), Coniophoraceae

Pers. frondosa Fr., Tremella, Naematelia-, sensu Tul. galeata, Tremella, (Holmskj.) per 1822;

= Tremella foliacea; sensu Bon. = Tre- Clavaria Holmskj. 1799: 25 pi. [ro] (Den-

mella mesenterica; sensu Qu£l. = ? Tre- mark) (nom. anam.) (d.n.). — Fide Fr.

mella cerebrina 1822: 218 = Tremella sarcoides Fr. (var.),

Roth 1806: frondosa, Tremella, 348 (Germany) q.v.

(generic name n.v.p.), not Fr. 1822; gallaicus, Dacrymyces = Dacrymyces minor

Palmella Lyngb. 1819. — Algae. galzinii, Bourdotia, Bourdotia pululahuana

frustulosum, Corticium = Uthatobasidium subsp., Exidiopsis, Sebacina

ochraceum galzinii, Septobasidium

Humb. = fucata, Tremella, Gmel. 1791 (d.n.), gangliformis, Dacrymyces Dacrymyces enatus

Tremella cinna- Tremella = 1793 (“facata”, error); = gangliformis, [Tremella ('Micro-

barina Bull., q.v. tremella')] Sebacina sphaerospora

fuciformis, Tremella, Berk. 1856 (HJB 8): 277 Gausapia = Septobasidium

(Brazil). —An alien, occasionally found in gelatinosa Bull., Exidia, Peziza = Exidia recisa

— & hothouses. Descriptions illustrations: gelatinosa, -us, -um, Scop., Pseudohydnum,

A. Moll. 1895 (BMS 8): 115, 170 pi. if. 5, Exidia, Hydnogloea, Hydnum, Steccherinum,

pi. 4 f. iq; P. Henn. 1899 (VBr 40): 113, Tremellodon

Pilat 86 &c. *Clavaria Fr. 117; 1928 (MP 5): fig.; gelatinosa Holmskj., 1821 (syn.),

fugacissima, Sebacina, Exidiopsis; sensuWhel- Ramaria = Calocera viscosa

den = Sebacina sublilacina gelatinosa, Thelephora = Sebacina incrustans fugax, Collema, Lichen, Parmelia = Exidia gelatinosum, Hydnum, Latourr. = Pseudo- plana hydnum gelatinosum,

Tremella fugax, Tulasnella, Corticium, Pachysterigma, gemmata, Exidia, Naematelia, = Prototremella Myxarium hyalinum

fulva, Exidia genistae, Tremella = Tremella exigua fungiforms, Tremella = Exidia recisa gigaspora, Clavaria = Tremellodendropsis

furcata, Calocera, Clavaria tuberosa

Bon. Bres. 6 fusarioides, Dacrymyces, (Berk.) 1864 gilvescens, Poria, 1908 (Am ): 40

(syn.); Peziza Berk. 1837 (MZB 1): 46 pi. 2 (Europe), Polyporaceae. — Sensu Overh.

= Calloria = f. 4 (England) fusarioides Aporpium caryae

(Berk.) Fr.—Cf. Dennis i960: 121. — glacialis, Tremella = Tremella ('Micro- Discomycetes. tremella') grilletii fusca, Rhizoctonia = Thanatephoruscucumeris glaira, [Sebacina], Exidiopsis, Tremella PERSOONIA Part 316 Vol. 4, 3, 1966

"Bull. tab. is Exidia = Exidia glandulosus, Agaricus, . . . 426" grambergii, glandulosa

cited Oud. E. by 1923 4: 799 as synonym graminicola, Exobasidiellum, Exobasidium of Exidia glandulosa confusion with through graminicola, Helicogloea, Saccoblastia Bull. Tremella glandulosa pi. 420. Exobasidium error graminis, ; (Pat. 1900: 36)

glandulosa (Bull, per St-Am.) Fr., Exidia, for E. graminicola q.v. Auricularia, Spicularia, Tremella; sensu Fr., grandinioides, Basidiodendron, Bourdotia,

in = Exidia part plana Sebacina

glandulosa Neuh., Exidia = Exidia plana grandis, Tremella = Tremella foliacea glauca, Tremella = ? Exidia albida grantii,Stereum =Tremellodendropsistuberosa glaucopallida, Exidia, P. Karst. 1868 (Nfe 9): granulata, Tremella, (L.) Huds. 1778 (generic 374 (Finland); Tremella P. Karst. 1889.—- Ulva L. name n.v.p.); granulata 1753: 1164 Nomen dubium. (Sweden); = Botrydium granulatum (L.) Glenospora = Septobasidium Grev. — Xanthophyceae. globosa Hedw., see globulosa Retz. granulosa, Tremella, 1769 (SVH 30): 250 Weiss globosa, Tremella, 1770: 28 (generic (Sweden) (d.n.), not -"v Bull. 1791 (d.n.). ~ Arth. name n.v.p.), not (Farl.) 1901 —Fide Fr. = 1823: 414 Sphaeria conglobata (Uredinales); = Ulva granulata L. 1753: Fr. Fr. = per Cucurbitaria conglobata (Fr. 1164 (Sweden) - Botrydium granulatum (L.)

Ces. & Not. — per Fr.) Pyrenomycetes. Grev. — Xanthophyceae. H.: granulosa, Tremella, Bull. 1 227 [pl. 499 Hedw. 179 globulosa, Tremella, 1798: 217 pl. 36 f. 2] (generic name n.v.p.), not ~ Retz. 1-6 fs. (d.n.) (n.v.), Ag. 1824: 29 (“glo- Zahlbr. C. 1769 (d.n.).—Fide 1925 3: 97 bosa”; syn.), not -"v Speg. 1880.—Fide = Collema pulposum Ach., but cf. Degelius = Roth 1806: 338 Rivularia dura Roth. — 2 1954 (Sbu 13 ): 167, "description agrees Nostocaceae heterocysteae. rather well with [Collema pulposum] but the globulus, Naematelia, Corda 1837 I. 1: 25

. Nostoc . a figure suggests . probably pl. 7 f. 299 (Czechoslovakia, Bohemia);

.." — Lichenes or Nostocaceae hetero- . . Tremella Quel. 1888, not ~ Bref. 1888.—• cysteae. Nomen dubium. Fide Neuh. 1936 (PM 2a): granulosum, Trichoderma, Fuck. 1870 (Jna = but I follow 29 Dacrymyces sp., cannot 23-24): 364 (Germany).—Occasionally lis- him in this. — Sensu Lloyd = Myxarium Pilacre Phleo- ted as of faginea [= hyalinum synonym gena faginea], for instance by Lambotte globulus Bref., Tremella F.m. because the distri- 1884 3: 257 type gloeocystidiata, Sebacina = Basidiodendron bution had been issued under the name cinereum

Onygenafaginea. — Deuteromycetes. gloeophora, Sebacina grilletii, Tremella ('Microtremella'), Exidia Gloeosebacina = Stypella

grisea.—“Naemasfiora grisea Corda", Crouan Gloeotulasnella = Tulasnella of 1867: 59 (syn.).—Listed as synonym Glomerularia Peck = ? Herpobasidium Tremella This is error: Naema- exigua. an Glomopsis = ? Herpobasidium spora grisea Pers. 1801: no (: Fr. 1832) glossoides Pers., Calocera, Clavaria, Dacryo- Corda I. 26 68 sensu 1839 3: pi. 4 f. mitra, Tremella; sensu Cost. & Duf. = (“Nemaspora”) seems to be a species of [Calocera] Dacryomitra pusilla Melanconiales. glossoides Bref., Dacrymyces, Dacryomitra = griseorubella, Tulasnella, Gloeotulasnella [Calocera] Dacryomitra pusilla; sensuLloyd grisea, Sebacina, Exidiopsis, Thelephora = Brasf. Dacrymyces sp. (not listed); sensu Bref. Fr. = Tremiscus; sensu = (not listed) Guepinia

Ulbrich = goodyerae-repentis, [Thanatephorus], Rhizoc- Femsjonia; sensu Guepiniopsis; G. W. Mart. tonia sensu 1936 [1958 (Ta 7): 199,

in = = (not listed) gracilis, Rhizoctonia [Thanatephorus] Rhi- obs.] Dacryopinax zoctonia sphacelati Guepiniopsis (Dacrymycetales) Tremella gracillima, Calocera, Weinm. 1836: 517 (U.S.- guttata, [Dacrymyces], S.R., Russia) —Nomen dubium fide guttifera, Exidia, Wallr. 1833: 558 (Germany).

McNabb —Nomen 1963 (NZB 3): 54. dubium. DONK: On European Heterobasidiae 317

guttulatus, Aleurodiscus = Basidiodendron with confidence, I believe, as non-basidi-

cinereum omycetous and perhaps even as non-

Gyraria = Tremella vegetable. Cf. also von Heyden 1839 (Li

Pers. Gyrocephalus 1824 [1958 (Ta 7): 200]; 13, Litt.): 51.

= lectotype: Gyrocephalus aginnensis Pers. Hormomyces = Tremella

Helvetia sinuosa Brond. = Gyromitra esculenta hyalina, -us, -um, Pers., Myxarium, Dacry- Fr.—A Bourd. & (Pers. per Fr.) nomen rejiciendum myces, Tremella; sensu G. =

v. Gyromitra Fr. — Sensu Bref. = Tremiscus Dacrymyces caesius; sensu Lloyd =

Hoffm. V.s.: ? gyrosa, Tremella, 1797-1811 30 Dacrymyces tortus

Streinz & pi. 17 f. 1 (Germany) (d.n.) per hyalina— “T[remella] hyalina Boud.", Cost.

1861.—Nomen dubium. Duf. 1895: 289.—An error for T. hyalina

'Pers'? harperi, Dacrymyces = Dacrymyces lacrymalis hyalina, Tulasnella, Gloeotulasnella helvelloides, Sebacina, Corticium, Thelephora hyalinogriseum, Protohydnum, Romell ("in Lundell helvelloides, Tremiscus, Guepinia, Gyrocephalus, herb."), 1932 (SSN 22): 33 (nom.

Tremella Bourd. Phlogiotis, nud.), 1932 (BmF 48): 206 (syn.).

Flelicobasidium (Auriculariineae) —Fide Kiihner apud Bourd., I.e. = Proto-

Helicobasis = Helicobasidium hydnum piceicola = Protodontia piceicola

Helicogloea (Auriculariineae) (p. 172).

Lib. P.A.: No. helicospora, Tulasnella, Gloeotulasnella hyalinus, Dacrymyces, 1837 333 hellebori, Hypochnus = Thanatephorus cucu- [cf. Matthieu 1853: 263] (Belgium) (nom.

meris anam.) = Linodochium hyalinum (Lib.)

Or- Hohn. — helleborines-latifoliae, [Thanatephorus], 1909 (SbW 118): 1238, 1239. cheomyces Deuteromycetes. helleborines-palustris, [Thanatephorus], Or- Hydnogloea = Pseudohydnum

cheomyces hydnoides, Tremella, Jacq. 1778 (MaJ 1): 145

L. 16 Lister hemisphaerica, Tremella, 1753: 1158 (generic pi. (generic name n.v.p.).—Fide

~ Schleich. Seer. = F. name n.v.p.), not ex 191 1: 25 Ceratomyxa fruticulosa (O.

—Fide = Rivularia Macbr. — j 833- Ag. 1824: 25 atra Miill.) Myxomycetes.

Roth, Born. — Nostocaceae Park.-Rh. [per & Flah.]. Hydrabasidium 1954 (nom. nud.) heterocysteae. [1957 (Ta 6): 73]; holotype: Corticium

Bres. hemisphaerica, Tremella, Schleich. 1821 (nom. atratum = Oliveonia atrata (p. 186).

Seer. M. 288 Nees 1816 Fr. 1821 nud.) ex 1833 3: (Switzer- Hygromitra ex [1958 (Ta

land), not ~ L. 1753 (generic name n.v.p.). 7): 205]; holotype, Tremella stipitata Bosc, -—Nomen dubium. Fide Bandoni —Fries included 1961 q.v. originally Hygromitra

= Bref. Leotia in the Tremellini. (AMN 66): 327 Tremella virescens [= Fr.]

This suggestion is not acceptable. Hymenella Fr. 1821 (nom. nud.) (n.v.), 1822:

Sess6 Herpobasidium (Auriculariineae) 233 (nom. anam.), not ~ M05. & Heterochaete (Tremellineae) ex DC. 1824 (Caryophyllaceae); lectotype: Heterochaetella (Tremellineae) [Hymenella ebuli Fr. =] Hymenella vulgaris

= Oliveonia soon Heteromyces L. Olive Fr.—Fries modified this generic name

Heteroradulum into Fr. 1828 E. which Lloyd 1917 (not accepted: Hymenula 2: 37,

has into n.v.p.; "McGinty") [1958 (Ta 7): 202]. name come general use. However,

—Introduced in connection with Radulum there is no nomenclative reason to reject

' kmetii Bres. Eichleriella the form. The of = deglubens Lloyd, original use Hymenella’

(p. 166). (with retention of Hymenula as a distinct

Hirneola for excluded (Auriculariineae) genus) an species [Hymenella

Hirneolina = ? Heterochaete arundinis (Pers.) Fr., q.v.] resulted in the hispanica, Tremella later homonym Hymenella Vestergr. — holospirum, Helicobasidium Deuteromycetes.

F. Fr. = horkelii, Actinomyce, Meyen 1827 (Li 2): Hymenula Hymenella Fr., q.v.

—The of this has Saut. 1 442. true nature species hypnophila, Calocera, 1841 (F1 24 ): 317

not yet been stablished: it can be accepted (“Caloceras hypnophilum”) (Austria).—No- PERSOONIA Vol. Part 318 4, 3, 1966

McNabb Tremella = Tremella men dubium. 1965 (NZB 3): 54 japonica, Naematelia, thinks of Eocronartium muscicola. encephala hypochnoides (nom. conf.), Stypella, in part = japonicum, Exobasidium, Shirai 1896 (Japan)

Helicobasidium — Shirai sp. (131, 134). 1896 (BMT 10): 52

= A. L. hypogaeus, Irpex Sebacina incrustans pi. 4 fs. g-11; Sm. 1912 (TBS 3):

374; Laubert 1925 (GwB 29): 429 fs. 1, 2;

ilicis, Tremella, Myxarium hyalinum 1932: 287 fs. 72, 73; Vienn.-B. 1949: 1187

S. Ito Graaf- impressa, Exidia, Tremella = Exidiaglandulosa; fs- 539. 540-, 1955: 53/. 40;

land 1 Bourd. & G. = Exidia recisa 9): sensu Q57, i960 (Abn 352 fs. 1-6, B (Exobasidium); McNabb 1962 incarnata, -um, J.-Ols., Corticium, Pachysterigma, pi. i,fs. A,

s: Tulasnella = ? Tulasnella violea (TNZ 1): 267/ i, pi. if. 2 (Exobasidium

vaccinii incarnata, Eichleriella Hirneolina = Eichleriella var.).

— Peck alliciens M. Exobasidium azaleae sensu

Tulasnella Ritz. Bos incarnataBres., Tulasnella = violea 1901 (LbT 9): 77 (perhaps

first record for — Maubl. in Fr. Europe). incarnatum, Corticium, (Pers. per Fr.) 1838; Bourd. & G. 1928: 76; Gottgens i960 Thelephora Pers. 1801: 573 (Germany)

Fr. (PhZ 38): fs. 8, 9 (on p. 409). (d.n.) per 1821; = Peniophora incarnata M.—Exobasidium discoideum B. Ell. P. Karst. Mass. J. (Pers. per Fr.) 1889, 1889,

sensu Petri — Petri (Am 5): Corticiaceae. — Sensu Tul. ["Corticium 1907. 1907 & Kharbush 341 fs. Eftimiu 1927 incarnatum (pinicola)”] = Tulasnella violea 1-8; (RPv 62, fi- 6, tplatefs. incarnatus, Dacrymyces, P. Karst. 1887 (Mfe 14): 75 7, 1-13.

Auricula = Hirneola auricula-judae 14): 83 (Finland). —Nomen dubium. judae,

Auricularia = Hirneola inclusa, Sebacina judae, auricula-judae juglandis, Exobasidium, (Bereng.) Pat. inclusa, Tulasnella, Gloeotulasnella 1900; Fusidium Bereng. 1847 (MTr 5): 49 (Italy) inconspicuum, Helicobasidium = Helicogloea nom. anam.); = Microstoma juglandis lagerheimii (Bereng.) Sacc. — Deuteromycetes. incrustans, Clavaria = Sebacina incrustans juniperi, Tremella, (Pers.) Streinz 1861 (syn.; incrustans, Sebacina, Corticium, Thelephora error); Puccinia juniperi Pers. 1794 (NMB 1): indecorata, Tremella, Exidia; sensu P. Karst. 118/1797 T.: 38 pi. 2 f. 1 (Germany)

= Exidia sp. (not listed) Pers. 1801 = (d.n.) per Gymnosporangium insigne, Ditangium = Craterocolla cerasi fuscum DC. — Uredinales. Sebacina interna, juniperina, Tremella, P. Karst. 1869 F.F.: No.

F. intestinalis, Tremella, O. Mull. 1782 (Fd 812 (with description), not ~ L. 1753

F. 5 / 15): 5 pi. 885 f. 2 (generic name (generic name n.v.p.; Uredinales); Exidia

n.v.p.).—Fide Ag. 1824: 19 = Nostoc P. Karst. 1889.—The following note is by

muscorum Ag. [per Born. & Flah.]. — Dr. R. W. G. Dennis (in litt.): The Nostocaceae heterocysteae. material [K] is quite good, yellowish when

Plan. soaked with abun- intestiniformis, Tremella, 1788: 270 (Ger- dry, hyaline when up,

many) (generic name n.v.p.) [cf. 1788 dant basidia, some empty and cruciately —Nomen dubium. (BM 2/4. Stuck): 165]. septate, others with sterigmata but I can Nostoc ? cf. 'albida' in the find The small sp. (but descrip- no spores. basidia, only

. about small and tion) 9 fi diameter, carpophores Neuh. intumescens, Tremella, Exidia, Gyraria; sensu colour suggest Exidia grilletii (Boud.)

Bon. Exidia sensu P. = to D. The host is plana; Britz., to me as [Dr. A. Reid],

Karst. = Exidia spp. (not listed) odd if so but Karsten's hosts were often invisibilis, Sebacina I the wrong. suspect 'sporae sphaeroideae' involucrum, Corticium = Basidiodendron de- were the basidia." — This last supposition

minutum with Karsten's conclusion: in agrees own

Schw. 186 later work : he re- involuta, -us, Dacrymyces, 1832: [1889 (BFi 48) 452] in (U.S.A., North Carolina); Arrhytidia Coker placed 'spores' by 'basidia', 10-12 p

•— nonn. —- 1928. Sensu auctt. = Dacrymyces diam. Tremellineae.

corticioides L. juniperina, Tremella, 1753: 1157 (Sweden) DONK: On European Heterobasidiae 319

Pers. 1801: = Clavulina cristata (d.n.), 625 (generic name 1823; (Holmskj. per Fr.)

n.v.p.), not "w P. Karst. 1869; Gyraria J. Schroet., Clavulinaceae. — Sensu Bull.,

S. F. Bres. = Sebacina incrustans. — Cf. (L. per Mart.) Gray 1821; (54).

= Gymnosporangium juniperina (L.) per laciniata, Tremella, Bull. 1791 H.: 226 [/>/. 433

Mart. 1817.—Fide Hylander & al. 1953 f. r] (generic name n.v.p.), not With.

1 (ObL i ): 15 a nomen ambiguum in as 1776 (generic name n.v.p.).—Fide Dege-

2 much the precise identity within Gymno- lius 1954 (Sbu 13 ): 167 "probably a sporangium cannot be established. Often species of Collemataceae ( Collema crista-

identified with Gymnosporangium tremelloides tum ?)". — Lichenes ?

Hartig. Tremella juniperina emend. Huds. laciniata, Tremella, With. 1776 (generic name

also fide Bull. included Tremella mesenterica, Fr. n.v.p.), not "V/ 1791 (generic name

1822: — Uredinales. - terrestris Dill. 214. n.v.p.); Tremella cornuta Tremiscus helvel- R. juratensis, Gyrocephalus = 1741: 52 pi. 10 f 13 (England).—Dr. loides A. Maas Geesteranus suggested (private communication): detached thalli of Evernia

prunastri (L.) Ach. that were collected on karstenii Lind, Exobasidium = Exobasidium the ground. — Lichenes. karstenii lacrymalis, Dacrymyces, Gyraria, Tremella; karstenii Sacc. & Trott., Exobasidium sensu Corda = Dacrymyces stillatus; sensu Neuh. Killermannia apud Killerm. 1940 (DrG Sommerf. = Dacrymyces tortus 81 mention: 21): (nom. anam.; incidental lactea, Auricularia, Auriculariaauricula-judae var. n.v.p.); monotype: Hyaloria europaea Kil- = Hirneola auricula-judae lerm., q.v. lactea, Tremella, Hedw. f. 1802 O.:pi. 2.—An killermanmi, Helicobasidium, Stypinella = Sacco- T. Hedw. f. the error for nivea (q.v.), name blastia farinacea used in the text, klebahnii, Moniliopsis = Thanatephoruscucu- lactea, Tulasnella meris laevis, Dacrymyces kmetii, Eichleriella, *Heteroradulum Lloyd 1917, laevisporum, Dermatangium = ? Tremella steid- Radulum Eichleriella de- Hirneolina, = leri glubens lagerheimii, He'icogloea, Platygloea Hohn. Kordyanella 1904 [1956 (Re 4): 117; lanuginosa, [Thanatephorus], Rhizoctonia 1963 (Ta 12): 156] (nom. anam.); mono- Laschia Fr. = Hirneola austriaca type: Kordyanella Höhn., q.v. lasioboli, Cystobasidium, Iola Kriegeria (Auriculariineae) lauri Brot., Calocera, Clavaria = Exobasidium kruchii, Exobasidium, "Wuill.", Sacc. & Trav. lauri —An for 1910 (SF 19): 693. enor Exoascus lauri Geyler, Exobasidium kruchii Vuill. = Ta- 1891 (Rm 13): 141 ledi, Exobasidium phrina kruchii (Vuill.) Sacc. — Taphrinales. lentiformis, Ditiola, Helvetia = ? Ditiola radi-

cata

laccata, Sebacina, Exidiopsis letendreana, Heterochaete, Thelephora, Sebacina = lacera, Tremella, (Sw. apud Ach.) Streinz 1861 Sebacina calcea

in = Lichen lacerus ("Roth" error; syn.) leucophaea, Eichleriella, Exidiopsis, Hirneolina

Ach. Tremiscus helvelloides Sw. apud 1795 (SVH 16): 18, not leveillei, Peziza =

Gmel. —Fide Zahlbr. C. Merulius — Tremella foliacea ~ 1791. 1925 3: lichenoides,

1 L. L. 136- 37 (for lacerus) = Leptogium lichenoides, Tremella, 1753: 1157 (generic

recombin- Paul. lichenoides (L.) Zahlbr. Streinz's name n.v.p.); Conchites 1793 (generic

ation = apparently originated through con- name n.v.p.), misapplied ?; Leptogium

fusion ‘Lichen tremella Roth'. — Zahlbr. with lichenoides (L. per Wulf.) 1935 C. 3:

Lichenes. — — 137. Lichenes. Sensu Paul., cf. L6v.

Bres. laciniata, Sebacina, (Schaefif. per St-Am.) 1855: 99-

Clavaria Schaeff. Bull. 1903, misapplied; 1774: ligularis, Tremella, 1788: pi. 427 f. 1

M6rat 122 [pi. 2gi] (d.n.) per 1821, mis- (France) (d.n.) per Pollini 1824.—Fide

~ & Kern = applied, not Ehrenb. apud Fic. Sch. 191 1 (BNY 7): 464 Gymnosporan- PERSOONIA Part 320 Vol. 4, 3, 1966

= — Patila Auricu- gium clavariaeforme (Wulf.) per DC. lobata, Auricularia, Exidia, Uredinales. laria mesenterica

B. Huber ligulata, Tremella, Schum. 1803: 442 (Den- loeselii, Orcheomyces, 1921 (SbW

Pers. 1822.—Fide Fr. mark) (d.n.) per 130): 323 plate fs. 3-5 (Austria) (generic

= "Er 1822: 219 Pistillaria quisquiliaris (Fr.) name not definitely accepted, gehort

Fr. = Rhizoctonia per Typhula quisquiliaris (Fr. per Fr.) zur Sammelgattung repens

— P. Henn. — Clavariaceae. Bernard . . n.v.p.). Deuteromy-

lilacea = lilacina (Wulf.) Schrank, Tremella cetes.

lilacina, Helvetia, Ombrophila, sensu Qu61. = longisporus, Dacrymyces

Craterocolla cerasi lonicerae, Glomerularia, Glomopsis = Herpo-

& deformans lilacina, Rhizoctonia, Sappa Mosca 1954 basidium (All 2): 184/. 6 (Somalia) (nom. anam.). lupini, [Thanatephorus], Rhizoctonia

—Saks. & Vaart. 1961 (CJB 3g): 632 lutea, Tremella, Plan. 1788: 270 (Germany)

erroneously stated that this was found in [cf. 1788 (BM 2/4. Stuck): 165].—Nomen

Italy. dubium. Dacrymyces sp.?

lilacina, Tremella, (Wulf.) Schrank 1789 (in luteo-alba, Ditiola, Femsjonia, Guepinia =

error as “lilacea”; d.n.); Helvetia (“Elvela”) Femsjonia pezizaeformis

= ? Wulf. 1786 (CoJ 2): 347 (Austria) (d.n.); luteogriseum, Basidiodendron Basidioden- Craterocolla Sacc. 1888, misapplied; Ditan- dron eyrei

Pat. = Seer. M. gium 1900, misapplied; Ombrophilia lutea mesenterica, Tremella, 1833 3: P. Disco- Tremella lilacina = (Wulf. per Fr.) Karst., 285 (double epithet: n.v.p.)

— Tremella cf. mycetes. Sensu Qu61. = Craterocolla mesenterica var. lutea Bull. =

Fr. cerasi (26) mesenterica Retz. per

lilacina, -um, J. Schroet., Tulasnella, Corticium, lutescens Bref., Dacrymyces = Dacrymyces

Prototremella = Tulasnella violea lacrymalis

lilacinum, Corticium, Post (in herb.).—Fide lutescens Neuh., Dacrymyces = Dacrymyces

1 Neuh. = 1936 (ABS 28 ): 54 Tulasnella lacrymalis violea (p. 193). lutescens, Tremella, Tremella mesenterica var.;

lilacinum, Quel., Corticium, Corticium sanguineum sensu Qull. = Guepiniopsis buccina; mesenterica var. = Helicobasidium brebissonii sensu Bref. = Tremella

lilacinus, Dacrymyces = Myxarium hyalinum lycoperdoides, Tremella, Humb. 1793: 125 pi. 2

O. G. Costa 261 Steud. limbata, Tremella, 1837: f. 3 (Germany) (d.n.) per 1824.

dubium. Cf. Link (Italy, Sicilia) [cf. Trott. 1925 (SF 23): —Nomen Endogone

—Nomen Fr. 580]. dubium. per

Desm. linearis, Tremella, Pers. 1822: 109 (Europe) lythri, Dacrymyces, Desm. 1846 [cf. 1847

(nom. anam).; Hymenella Fr. 1 822;Hymenula (ASn III 8): 190] (France) (nom. anam.)

Fr. 1832.—The correct name seems to be Hainesia lythri (Desm.) Hohn. 1918 Hymenella linearis (Pers.) Fr. See also under (H 60): 164 [& cf. Hohn. 1906 (SbW 115):

Hymenella. — Deuteromycetes. 687], the imperfect state of Discohainesia

lithophila, Tremella, Willd. 1788 (MB 2/4. oenotherae (Cooke & Ell.) Nannf. — Deu-

16 Stuck): 17 pi. 4 f. (Germany) (d.n.). teromycetes.

—Nomen dubium. — Algae ?

Bres. F.t. livescerts, Dendrodochium, 1898 2: macrochaete, Heterochaete

64 pi. 174 f. 1 (Italy) (nom. anam.).—Fide macrospermum, see megaspermum

"vix dubie" the Bres., I.e., imperfect state macrospora, Mycogloea, Dacrymyces

of Sebacina livescens. — Deuteromycetes. maculati, [Thanatephorus], Orcheomyces

livescens, Protohydnum, Bres. (in litt.) apud magnusii, Exobasidium = Exobasidium dubium

Bourd. 1932 (BmF 48): 205 (syn.) = major, Clavaria, (Pers.) Steud. 1824 (syn.);

Bres. = Protodontia Clavaria Pers. 1801 Protohydnum lividum cornea var. (d.n.); =

Clavaria O. F. Mull. subgelatinosa (p. 172). flava, gelatinosa ...

6 livescens, Sebacina, Exidiopsis, Thelephora 1777 (BbG 3): 351 pi. gfs 5, (Denmark)

Park.-Rh. is lividum, Protohydnum, *Protodontia (non-binomial phrase-name).—This ap-

Protodontia of 1956 = subgelatinosum parently a species Calocera. DONK: On Heterobasidiae European 321

marianii, Septobasidium tion of Aecidium mespili DC. 1815: 98

medicaginis DC., Rhizoctonia, Sclerotium = (Belgium) (nom. anam.), but since it also Helicobasidium brebissonii included the perfect state [= Gymnosporan- Biv. 1816 S. 26 6 dis- medicaginis, Sclerotium, 4: pi. gium confusum Plowr.], it is now to be

f. 2 (Italy, Sicilia) (generic name n.v.p.), sociated from its 'basionym'.

~ — = Tulasnella not (DC. per St-Am.) Spreng. 1827. metachroa, Gloeotulasnella hyalina

Listed authors E. Oliveonia by some (Oud. 1921 3: metallica, Tulasnella = atrata

of Pers. Gmel. 855) as synonym Rhizoctonia medicaginis, meteorica, Tremella, apud 1791:

but this is certainly not correct. — Ap- 1446 (Germany) (d.n.).—Nomen dubium.

parently root-tubercles. mexicana, Eichleriella = Eichleriella alliciens

1821 Ramaria = medularis, *Clavaria Fr. (syn.), michelianum, -us, Corticium, Hypochnus, Septo-

Calocera furcata basidium = Septobasidium orbiculare

megaspermum, Exobasidium, Lagerh. "in litt. et micra, [Achroomyces], Platygloea

sched." apud Briosi & Cavara 1896 F.p.: microbasidia, Sebacina

No. of vaccinii- 261 as synonym Exobasidium microspora, [Achroomyces], Platygloea

A. Tulasnella uliginosi (p. 207); Blytt 1905: 140 microspora,

of Exo- P. Karst. (“macrospermum”) as synonym microsporus, Dacrymyces, 1889 (BFi

—Nomen basidium myrtilli "Thuem.", misinterpreted. 48): 459 (Finland). dubium. & 1861 Niessl 1861 menthae, Rhizoctonia, B. Br. (AM III Microstroma [1956 (Re 4): 117;

Exo- 7): 455 (England).—The protologue sug- 1963 (Ta 12): 156] (nom. anam.);

but the does basidium ~ Pat. gests Rhizoctonia crocorum, type sect. (Niessl) 1900; mono-

bear this Buddin & — not out: compare Wak. type: Fusisporium pallidum Niessl, q.v.

considered be of 1927 (TBS 12): 137. Currently to a genus

merulina, Ditiola, Guepinia, Guepiniopsis, Peziza Deuteromycetes. — Special literature:

= buccina Guepiniopsis Maire, igi3\ Wolf, 1Q2Q.

mesenterica, -us, -um, Dicks., Auricularia, miculacea, Tremella, Wallr. ("olim"), 1833: 260

nucleatum Wallr. = Helvetia, Merulius, Oncomyces, Patila, Phlebia, (syn.) = Myxarium Stereum, Thelephora Myxarium hyalinum (p. 171).

mesenterica Helvella Tremella = Schaeff., = me- miedzyrzecensis, Platygloea [Achroomyces] senterica Platygloea sebacea

mesenterica = ? Pers., Tremella Tremella mesen- miliaria, Dacrymyces = Dacrymyces stillatus

terica miniata, Tremella, Reb. 1804: 284 (Germany)

mesenterica Retz., Tremella (nom. anam.), not ""v Trog. 1844.—Fide

Tremella = = mesenterica Steud., Tremella me- Fr. 1822: 231, in part Dacrymyces urticae,

senterica Tuberc. Acaciae q.v. ("cum confusa"). Reb.,

" mesentericus, Dacrymyces = Femsjonia pezizae- I.e., cited Tremella urticae Pers." [=

formis urticae Cylindrocolla (Pers. per M£rat) Bon.]

mesenteriformis, Auricularia = Auricularia me- as synonym.

senterica miniata, Tremella, Trog 1844 (MiB): 62

Helvetia = Auricularia mesen- not ~ Reb. mesenteriformis, (Switzerland) , 1804 (d.n.). terica —Nomen dubium.

mesenteriformis, Tremella, Gilib. 1792: 606 minor, Dacrymyces

(d.n.), not/an ~ Jacq. 1778 (d.n.). minor, Stypella, A. Moll, sensu G. W. Mart.

mesenteriformis Jacq., &c., Tremella = Tremella = [Tremella ('Microtremella') ] Sebacina

mesenterica sphaerospora. — Cf. (72).

mesenteriformis, Ulocolla = Tremella foliacea minuta, Tremella, Schleich. 1821 (Switzerland) mesenteroides, Tremella = Tremella mesen- (nom. nud.).—See under Tremella viridis

terica muscorum Seer.

Sebacina laccata Exidia = mesomorpha, = Sebacina minutissima, Tremella ('Micro-

Arth. mespili, Tremella, 1901 (PIA 1900): 135 tremella') grilletii

= Gymnosporangium mespili (Arth.) Kern minutula, Exidia = Tremella exigua

— Mohortia = 191 1 (BNY 7): 462 f 24. Uredinales. Septobasidium

— This name was originally a recombina- molybdea, Sebacina, Exidiopsis PERSOONIA Part 322 Vol. 4, 3, 1966

Willd. —See under T. moniliformis, Tremella, 1787: 420 land) (nom. nud.). viridis

(Germany) (generic name n.v.p.). -—Algae. muscorum Seer.

= Peck Moniliopsis Thanatephorus mycetophila, Tremella, 1876 (RNS 28): 53 New moriformis, Tremella, Dacrymyces, ? *Phyllopta pl. if 4 (U.S.A., York); Exobasidium

Burt Fr. 1849 1901 (BTC 28): 287 pi. 23.—Fide

Burt "a mucida, Calocera, (Pers.) Wettst. 1885, mis- 1915 (AMo 2): 656, teratological

of — De- applied, not -"v Sacc. 1916; Clavaria Pers. production Collybia dryophila”. & illustrations: Peck C.: Fr. scriptions 1901 (RNS 1797 187/55 pl- 2 f 3 (d-n.) per Boud. 1821, Clavariaceae.— Sensu Hornem. = 54): 172 (Tremella)); Burt, I.e., igoi;

= pi. 2 f. 2 (J an unidentified species; sensu Wettst. 1917 (BmF 33): 13 Exobasidium).

Calocera furcata — Also reported from Europe: Ramsb.

: (TBS 18): 253; O. Rostr. 1916 (DbA mucida, Calocera, Sacc. 1916: 1221 (Denmark). 933 5 s 2 ): (DbA 8 ): Boud., I.e.; —Nomen dubium. Name introduced for 24, 1935 27;

&c. — mucida Pers. Hornem. 1806 literature: Ramsbottom, Clavaria sensu Special

8 F. 8 1933■ (Fd / 22): pl. 1303 f. 1 to replace Calocera furcata with which Fr. 1838: 581 Mycogloea (Auriculariineae) Tremella had identifiedit. Wettstein (see preceeding mycophaga, mycophagum, Ceratobasidium, M. P. Christ. entry) had done the same but in contra-

distinction to Saccardo he did not ex- 1959 (DbA 19): 45/. 39 (Denmark).—

of Galzinia pressly exclude Persoon's species from the Excluded; probably a species

Bourd. -— Corticiaceae. = conception. — Sensu Sacc. Calocera Hornem. 18 18 furcata myosurus, Tremella, (Ducluzeau)

S. Schulz. i860 name n.v.p.); Batrachyospermum mucida, Ditiola, (VW 10): 322 (generic Ducluzeau 1805: 76 (France); Palmella pl. 1 fig. (Yugoslavia, Slavonia) (nom. myo-

6 surus — Algae. — Fide 18 (Ducluzeau) Lyngb., 1819. anam.). Juel 1922 (ABS ): 10, & Neuh. = Crinula myriadeus, Dacrymyces, (Bourd. G.) 12 caliciiformis (Fr.) per Fr.,

deliquescens var. "jedenfalls nahestehend". •— Deutero- 1936 (syn.); Dacymyces Bourd. & G. (BmF (France). mycetes. 1909 25): 33 —Nomen dubium. Cf. Neuh. = 1936 (ABS Muciporus ((nom. conf.), in part Tulasnella 1 28 ): ("pr - P-") = r 39, 45 Dacrymyces muco oides, [Thanatephorus], Rhizoctonia punctiformis Neuh. [= D. tortus Bull. H.: 228 (Willd.) mucoroides Tremella, 1791 [pl. 499 per Fr.]. Pollini f. 4] (France) (d.n.) per 1824, myricae, Tremella = ? Exidia plana Steud. 1824, not T. mucoroidea Pat. 1897. myrtilli Siegm., Exobasidium -—Fide Link & Fr. = 1824: 34 1832: 433 myrtilli Thiim. ex P. Karat., Exobasidium, Exo- Bactridium Kunze Fr.— Deutero- flavum per basidium vaccinii f. & subsp. — Exobasidium mycetes. myrtilli Bourdotia Basidiodendron mucosa, = demi- Myxarium (Tremellineae) nutum Clem. nud. & Myxoporus 1902 (nom. conf.) multiseptatus, Dacrymyces = Dacrymyces pal- = [!957 (Ta 6): 84] Muciporus Juel, q.v. matus

murina, Sebacina, Basidiodendron cinereum in Tremella Naematelia (nom. conf.), part = Musciclavus = Eocronartium in ? Tre- Nakaiomyces (nom. conf.), part = muscicola, Eocronartium, Ceratella, Clavaria, mella *Cronartium Pilat 1957 (syn.), Pistillaria, Thanate- napae / napaeae / napi, Rhizoctonia = Typhula phorus cucumeris muscigena, Anthina, Ateactiella = Eocronartium natans, Tremella, Hedw. 1798: 218 pl. 36 muscicola = fs. J- 10 (d.n.) Gloeotricha natans (Hedw.)

= muscigena, Clavaria, Eocronartium, Typhula Born. & Flah. 1886 VII per (ASn 4): 369. Eocronartiummuscicola — Nostocaceae heterocysteae.

— Eocronartium muscigena, Protopistillaria neglecta, Exidia = Exidia plana muscicola neglecta, Tremella, Tul. 1871 (JLS 13): 34; muscorum, Tremella, Schleich. 1821 (Switzer- 1872 (ASn V 15): 222 (France); Naematelia DONK: On European Heterobasidiae 323

G. F. Re not 'v Lloyd 1922 (LMW 7): 1150 (incidental per Merat) 1827, (Fr.) mention: n.v.p.).—Nomen dubium: basi- Sacc. 1888;= Tubercularianigrescens St-Am.

dia and unknown. I do not believe 1821.—Sometimes spores (Ferraris 1910: 24)

Tode that the following suggestions are correct: referred to Tubercularia vulgaris per

of cinnabarina Neuh. 1936 (PM 2a): 46, cf. Exidia grilletii; Fr., the imperfect state Nectria

Bandoni = Tremella Fr. — 1961 (AMN 66): 327 (Tode per Fr.) Deuteromycetes.

exigua. nigricans, Tremella, Poir. 1808 (generic name neottiae, [Thanatephorus], Orcheomyces, Rhi- n.v.p.), not With. 1776 (d.n.), not -"v

zoctonia & G. Bull. 1789 (d.n.) (Bull, per M6rat)

nigra, Exidia, Opiz 1852 (Czechoslovakia) F. Re 1827, not (Fr.) Sacc. 1888; = (nom. —Cf. Svrcek in Klast. & al. 16 nud.). Nostoc lichenoides Vauch. 1803: 227 pi. 1958: 81. —Fide Born. & Flah. f 5 (Switzerland).

= = Tremella Exidia Collema —- nigra Bon., plana 1888 (ASn VII 7): 222 sp. With. not Bon. nigra, Tremella, 1776 (d.n.), Sensu Kiitz. = Nostoc sphaericum Vauch.

r 2 Lichenoides tuberculosum essum — 1851;=" comp fide Degelius 1954 (Sbu 13 ): 50. nigrum, lignis putridis adnascens [leg.:] D. Lichenes.

Richards. St. Br. III. Exidia [Ray 1724:] Syn. nigricans With., Tremella = plana

71. n. 51" Dill. 1741: 127 pi. 18 f. 7 p. nitidus, Dacrymyces, (Lib.) Spree 1870; Agy-

last mentioned name (England).—The rium Lib. P.A.: No. 1834 235 (n.v.) [cf. has been listed (apparently erroneously) as Matthieu nitidum 1853: 261]; = Agyriella of synonym Sphaeria tuberculosa Lightf. and (Lib.) Sacc. 1884. — The combination Lycoperdon nigrum Huds. Dacrymyces nitidus is often ascribed to Coem. Hohn. nigrescens, Achroomyces, 1904 (Am 2): 1858 (BAB II 5): 22 (reprint pagination) (nom. prov.) = Stictis betuli Fr. "... 273 — but he did not actually make it. varietas nigrescens in Tilia” Fr. 1822: 193 Deuteromycetes. (unnamed var.) (Sweden).—Nomen dubi- nivalis, Tremella, (F. Bauer) R. Br. "in Ross. um. Hohn., I.e., thought that this variety fide Cooke Voy. Suppl. p. 44" 1882-4: 54; might possibly belong to Achroomyces tiliae F. Bauer R. Br. Uredo 1819 [cf. 1825: 344, (Lasch) Hohn. = A. disciformis. 578-590 for German translation] = Pro- nigrescens Fr., Exidia, Tremella = Tremella tococcus nivalis (F. Bauer) Ag. 1824 (type of P. Karst. = Exidia intumescens; sensu sp. Protococcus Ag.). — Chlorophyceae. (not listed) nivea, Tremella, Hedw. f. 1802 O.: 8, 17 pi. 2 nigrescens, Tremella, S. Schulz. 1866 (Yugo- T. (on pi. as lactea) (Germany) (generic slavia, Slavonia) (nom. nud.). name n.v.p.), not '■v With. 1776 (d.n.). —- nigricans, Dacrymyces, Dacrymyces deliquescens Either Chaetophora pisiformis (Roth) Ag. var. (fide Ag. 1824: 27) or C. elegans (Roth) nigricans, Epidochium, (Fr.) Fr. 1849; Agyrium Ag. — Chlorophyceae. Fr. 1822: 232 (Sweden) (nom. anam.); nivea, Tremella, With. 1776 (d.n.), not Tremella Sacc. 1888, not With. 1776 Hedw. f. 1802 (generic name n.v.p.); = (d.n.), not ~ Poir. 1808 (generic name niveus 26 Fungus aqueus . . . Ray 1724: n.v.p.), not ~ Bull. 1789 (d.n.) & (Bull,

— Deu- G. F. Re (England).—Fungus mycelium. per Mdrat) 1827.—Mentioned teromycetes. here because the specific epithet was

L. = borrowed for Platygloea nigricans J. Schroet. nostoc, Tremella, 1753: 1157 (d.n.) & Flah. (6). Nostoc commune Vauch. per Born.

1888 VII — Nostocaceae disci- (ASn 7): 203. nigricans, Platygloea = Achroomyces formis heterocysteae.

Bull. & Schw. 1822: (U.S.A.,. nigricans, Tremella, 1789 : pi. 455 f. 1 nucleata, Tremella, 115 North Carolina); Naematelia Fr. 1822; 1791 H.: 217 (France) (nom. anam.)

Exidia Burt = — (d.n.), not 'v With. 1776 (d.n.), not '"w 1921; Myxarium sp. (46).

Tuber- Sensu Berk, i860, in part = Myxarium Poir. 1808 (generic name n.v.p.);

Merat Fr. cularia (Bull.) per 1821: 1822, hyalinum

not ~ (Fr.) Spreng. 1827; Tremella (Bull. nucleatum, Myxarium = Myxarium hyalinum PERSOONIA- Vol. Part 324 4, 3, 1966

886 = Microstoma nuda, [Dacrymyces], Dacryomitra, Dacryopsis, 1 (SF 4): 9 juglandis

Ditiola (Bereng.) Sacc. — Deuteromycetes.

f. palmata, Tremella, Hedw. 1798: 70 pi. (/)

fs. 4-7 (Germany) (generic name n.v.p.) obliqua, Guepinia, Mass. 1892 B.F. 1: 418 Schum. Pers. (d.n.), not 1803 (d.n.) per Ditiola Rea —No (Great Britain); 1922. men 1822, not "w Schw. 1832.—Fide Lyngb. dubium.

1819: 191 = Chaetophoraendiviaefolia (Roth) obscura, Tremella, Tremella mycophaga var. Ag. [= C. incrassata (Huds.) Haz]. — obscura, Tulasnella Chlorophyceae. obtusum, Fusarium, Fusisporium = Mycogloea palmata Schum., Calocera, Tremella: = Calocera macrospora cornea ochraceum, Uthatobasidium, Botryobasidium, palmata, -us, Schw., Dacrymyces, Dacryopsis, Coniophora Tremella olivaceonigra, Tremella = Exidia pithya PalmellodonFr. 1867 (nom. prov.) [1963 (Ta Oliveonia (Tulasnellaceae)

Fr. 12): 166] = Tremellodon, q.v. Ombrophila 1849: 357 [1958 (Ta 7): 237, palustris, Tremella, Web. 1778 (generic name in obs.]; lectotype: Ombrophila violacea Fr. marinae n.v.p.) = Tremella palustris, vulgari clams violascens A. & S. =Peziza var. 1805 similis Dill. 8 2 (Eng- . . . 1741: 44 pi. f. (d.n.), not Octospora violacea Hedw.; not "w

—Fide = land). Ag. 1823 S.A. 1: 414 Qu61. 1892. — Sensu Qu61. 1883 = Ulva bullosa Roth = Monostroma bullosum Craterocolla (26). — Ombrophila Qu61. 1892 (Roth) Kiitz. — Chlorophyceae. came into being by exclusion of the type Dill. palustris—“[Tremella] palustris Fl. d.", species. Steud. 1824 (syn.), not 'v Web. 1778 Ombrophila Qu61. 1892, not ~ Fr. 1849 (26). (generic name n.v.p.); = (abbreviated Oncomyces = Auricularia form of the phrase-name) Tremellapalustris, Cribaria = onygena, Phleogena faginea Dill. vesicutis sphaericis fungiformibus 1741: opalea, Gloeotulasnella =Tulasnella traumatica

= L. 55 pi. 10 f. 17 Ulva granulata opalea, Sebacina = [Sebacina] Exidiopsis glaira for which see 1 753 sensu O. F. Mull, orbiculare, -is, Septobasidium, Thelephora under Tremella pisum. - Tremella palustris orbicularis, Tremella, Retz. 1769 (SVH 30): cited "Wigg.", by Steud., I.e., as synonym Steud. —- 249 (Sweden) (d.n.) per 1824. of Gastridium lubricum (Roth) Lyngb. [= Nomen dubium. Possibly not a fungus Tetraspora lubrica (Roth) Ag.] is evidently concava viridis ("orbiculata . . . arb.").

an error. Orcheomyces Burgeff 1909 (n.v.p.) [1962 (Ta papaveris, Tremella, 1892 (Rm 14): 65 11): 93]. —Apparently first validly pub- Qu61. 126 dubium. pi. f. 4 (France).—Nomen lished by Hch. Wolff (79). — Almost in- based Apparently on an imperfect fungus, variably citations like Orcheomyces insignis, doubtfully basidiomycetous. O. ludigi, O. mascula [!]> and O. sambucina papillata, Auricularia, Exidia, Tremella: = Exidia "Burgeff" [Ramsbottom 1923 (TBS 8): glandulosa 37] are given as if they were binomials; papillata, Stypella, Sebacina they are to be treated as names'mentioned Fr. paradoxa, Ditiola, (Hedw. f.) per 1822; incidentally' in the sense of the "Code". Hedw. f. O.: Octospora 1802 13, 19 pi. g Orcheomyces — Thanatephorus Tul. C. (Germany).—Fide 1865 3: 183 Ordonia = Septobasidium (sensu Rab. 1862 F.e.: No. 470) = Peziza ovisporus, Dacrymyces carpinea Pers. [= Pezicula carpinea (Pers. oxycocci, Exobasidium per the Pers.) Rehm]. However, Hedwig gave

habitat as "in frustulo corticis fagi" rather

than Pachysterigma = Tulasnella Carpinus. pallens, Dacrymyces = Achroomyces disciformis paradoxus, Dacrymyces, P. Karst. 1886 (H 25):

pallida, Tulasnella 232 (Finland).—Nomen dubium.

pallidum, Microstoma, (Niessl) Niessl 1861; parasiticum, Tuber = Helicobasidium brebis-

8 sonii Fusisporium Niessl 1858 (VW 8): 329 pi. —Fide Sacc. Kavina f. 2 (Austria) (nom. anam.). parasiticus, Dacrymyces, (in herb.). DONK: On European Heterobasidiae 325

—Fide Pilat 1953 (Sy 7): 316 = Tremella Pollini 1824.—The description suggests

Tul. mycophaga (p. 183). Coryne sarcoides (Jacq. per Pers.)

( parmastoensis, [Dacrymyces], Dacryopinax phaseoli “Dacryomyces phaseoli, Dur." is men-

Exobasidium Cooke "not patavinum, tioned by 1891 (G QO): 15 as

Patila = Auricularia to be traced in Saccardo Sylloge". pearsonii, Ceratobasidium, (Bourd.) M. P. Christ. Phleogena (Auriculariineae)

Bourd. = Tremiscus 1959; Corticium 1921 (TBS 7): 51 Phlogiotis

i Westend. /• (England); = Paullicorticium pearsonii phragmitidis, Dacrymyces, i860 (BAB

(Bourd.) Jo. Erikss. — Corticiaceae. II 11): 652 (Belgium) (nom. anam.); Sacc. Pellicularia Cooke 1876 [1957 (Ta 6): 107] 1888 ("Phragmitis"). —Fide Sacc. 1886

(nom. conf.) (77). — Special literature: (SF 4): 670 = Hymenella rubella Fr.

— Sensu D. P. in hue — Deutero- Donk, 1953. Rog., part ("verisimiliter spectat").

= Ceratobasidium mycetes. pellucens, Peziza, Schum. 1803: 4 13 (Denmark) phragmitis, seephragmitidis

Pers. Fr. 1822.— Fr. & (d.n.) per 1822; Bulgaria Phyllopta 1819 1821 (nom. nud.); with doubt Lind Referred by 1913: 346 to Tremella subgen. ~ Fr. 1822; Phyllopta

Exidia recisa. May be a species of Exidia, (Fr.) Fr. 1825 [1958 (Ta 7): 239]; lecto-

but rather dubium. Tremella a nomen Original type: biparasilica Fr., q.v.

drawing, published by Hornem. 1830 (Fd picea, Tremella = Exidia plana

12 / F. 34): 12 pi. 2031f 2. piceicola, Protodontia, Protohydnum

= Pilacre Fr. Fr. penicillata, -um, Merisma, Thelephora Seba- 1825: 1829 [ 1958 (Ta 7): 239].

cina = —A the of incrustans; sensu Fr. Thelephora discomycetous genus, name

which has for time been sp. some misapplied

Arth. —- Cf. 1888. penicillata, Tremella, 1901 (PIA 1900): to Phleogena. Boudier, Sensu

of based im- Bref. = 135 (excl. 'basionym' on an Phleogena

—Fide & al. Pilacrella perfect state). Hylander 1953 (Auriculariineae)

1 I = tremel- Poria (ObL ): 17 Gymnosporangium pilatii, Aporpium, - Aporpium caryae loides — Hohn. Strass. Hartig. Introduced as a new com- pini, Platygloea, ("i. litt."), 1910

bination for Lycoperdon penicillatum O. F. (Austria) (nom. nud.).

Miill. F. 8 = Ditiola radicata 1780 (Fd 5 I 14): pi. 833 (nom. pini, Tubercularia

anam.) (d.n.), but through simultaneous pinicola, Corticium, Corticium incarnatum var. =

inclusion of perfect state, Tremellapenicillata Tulasnella violea

1= “Gymnosporangium” tremelloidesA. Br.] is pinicola, Helicogloea, Saccoblastia = Sacco-

to be treated as a new name.—Uredinales. blastia farinacea peniophorae, [Achroomyces], Platygloea pinicola, Tremella = ? Dacrymyces palmatus Peniotulasnella Bourd. & G. 1928: 65 (nom. pinicola, Tulasnella, Gloeotulasnella

prov.); monotype: Peniotulasnella conspersa pini-insignis, [Thanatephorus], Rhizoctonia Bourd. & G., q.v. pisiformis, Tremella, Scop. 1772: 402 (Yugo-

= Steud. peritricha, Exidiopsis, Sebacina ? Sebacina slavia, Carniola) (d.n.) per 1824, —Nomen dubium. effusa not Velen. 1922.

& Velen. persistans, Tremella, Bull. 1786: pi. 304. pisiformis, Tremella, 1922: 791 [cf.

H.: Pilat 1791 223 (France) (d.n.) per St-Am. 1948: 285], not ~ Scop. 1772 (d.n.).

—Listed Oud. E. —Fide Pilat = 1821.- by 1919 1: 647 as 1957c: 175 Endogone pisi-

of sabinae Link Fr. — Mucorales. synonym Gymnosporangium (Dicks.) formis per

— Uredinales. F. Gmel. per Wint., q. v. pisum, Tremella, (O. Miill.) 1791

Pilacre O. F. Müll. petersii, Ecchyna, = Phleogena faginea (generic name n.v.p.); Conferva peziza, Guepinia, Guepiniopsis = Guepiniopsis 1775, misapplied; — Ulva granulata L. sensu

buccina; sensu J. Schroet. = Ditiola L. 1767: 136 (Sweden) = Ulva granulata

radicata L. 1753: 1164= Botrydiurn granulatum (L.)

= — Sensu O. F. Nostoc peziza, Tremella Ditiola radicata Grev. Miill. =

Exidia Vauch. Born. & pezizaeformis, Femsjonia, sphaericum per Flah., fide

Cumino — pezizoides, Tremella, 1805 (MAT, Ag. 1824: 20 ("quoad partam"). Xan-

M6m. prds.): 240 (Italy) (d.n.) per thophyceae. Part 326 PERSOONIA Vol. 4, 3, ig66

Tremella pithya, Exidia, auricula-judae var. psilochaete, [Heterochaetella], Heterochaetella pithyophila, Poroidea = Craterocolla cerasi dubia var., Sebacina

Th. plana Wigg., Exidia, Tremella; sensuSchleich. psychodis, Rhizoctonia, Simon 1925 (in-

Seer. cidental = apud = Exidia pithya mention) Orcheomyces psychodis plana, Tremella, With. 1776 (d.n.), not ~ Burgeff 1909: 19 pi. 2 fs. 11, 12 (Ger-

Steud. = non-binomial Wigg. 1780 (d.n.) per 1824; many, greenhouse), a name

Simon Th. = Rhi- Fungus rotundus planus ligno putrido adnescens (79); fide 1925: 65

gelatinae instar Ray 1696: 19 & 1724: 17 zoctonia solani [= Thanatephorus cucumeris

(England).—Nomen dubium, perhaps a (p. 187), imperfect state].

species of Exidia. pubescens, Achroomyces, Myxosporium = Achroo-

= disciformis Platygloea Achroomyces myces plicata, Exidia, Tremella = Exidia plana pulposa, Tremella, Wallr. 1833 (Germany) plumbea Bres. & Torr., Sebacina (syn.).—Fide Wallr. 1833: 527 = Tremella plumbeum, Ceratobasidium = Oliveonia atrata frondosa Fr. [sensu Wallr.].

Lib. P.A.: No. Pat. Pat. & poae, Dacrymyces, 1832 135 pululahuana Tremella, apud Lag.

(Belgium) [cf. Matthieu 1853: 263] = 1893 (BmF 9): 138 (Ecuador); Bourdotia

Sacc. 1888 Bourd. & G. Ephelis poae (Lib.) (Ma 2): 25 1928, misapplied; Sebacina

= (revised description). — Deuteromycetes. D. P. Rog. 1935, misapplied; Ductifera podlachica, Sebacina, Exidiopsis pululahuana (Pat. apud Pat. & Lag.) Donk, poeltii, Bourdotia = Basidiodendron rimulen- Tremellineae. — Sensu Bourd. & G. = tum Bourdotia galzini

Polyozus = Tremellodendropsis pumila, Hirneola, Grogn. ("in Herb."). — Mont. B.: Listed Roum. polytricha, Exidia, 1834 154 (India); by 1884 (Rm 6): 224 as

Hirneola Fr. Sacc. of Hirneola 1848; Auricularia 1885; synonym auricula-judae (forma) Himeola Graff. = nigricans (Sw. per Hook.) (p. 158).

—An alien. Recorded from the British punctiformis, Dacrymyces = Dacrymyces tortus

? Isles by Rea 1922: 728. punctiformis Tremella = Dacrymyces stillatus

= ? Exidia Pers. O. populina, Exidia albida pura, Peziza, 1796 1: 40 (Germany)

—Fide Fr. Pers. populina, Tremella, Moug. (in litt.). (d.n.) per 1822; Bulgaria (Pers. per Tremella Fr. 1828E. 2: 33 = indecorata (p. 181). Pers.) 1822.—Variously interpreted

= poricola, Ecchyna, Pilacre ? Phleogena fagi- (40). — Discomycetes.

nea purpurea, -um. Pat., Helicobasidium, Stypinella

Poroidea = Craterocolla = Helicobasidium brebissonii

Cor- L. praticola, Thanatephorus, Ceratobasidium, purpurea, -um, -us, Tul., Helicobasidium,

ticium, Pellicularia Helicobasis, Hypochnus, Stypinella = Helico- prostrata, Tremella, ?DC., Steud. 1824: 416; basidium brebissonii

"Tremelle l'on nom- L. inAlite, que pourroit purpurea, Tremella, 1753: 1158 (Sweden)

mer Tremelle couchee" Girod-Chantr. (nom. anam.) (d.n.);= Sphaeria tremelloides

1802: 162 22 = Tubercularia pi. f. 57 .—-Algae. Weig. 1772 (d.n.); vulgaris

the Protodontia (Tremellineae) Tode per Fr., imperfect state of

Protopistillaria = Eocronartium Nectria cinnabarina (Tode ex Fr.) Fr. —

Prototremella Tulasnella = Deuteromycetes.

pruinosa, Tulasnella purpureas, Daciymyces, Tul. 1871 (JLS 13):

Web. & V — pruniformis, Tremella, (L.) 1778 (d.n.); 40 1872 (ASn 15): 231 (France).

L. = dubium. Ulva 1753: 1164 (Sweden) (d.n.); Nomen Doubtfully basidiomyce-

Born. & Nostoc pruniforme (L.) per Flah. tous.

1888 VII — Nostocaceae (ASn 7): 215. pusilla, [Calocera], Dacrymyces, Dacryomitra

heterocysteae. — Tremella pruniformis pyrenophila, Tremella "Huds. Gmel" cited Steud. by 1824 are

both errors, quercicola, Dacrymyces, P. Soss. i960 (BMs 13):

pseudocornigerum, Ceratobasidium 214 (U.S.S.R., Ukraine).—Nomen dubium. pseudofoliacea, Phaeotremella=Tremella foliacea quercina, Exidiopsis, Sebacina = Sebacina effusa

Pseudohydnum (Tremellineae) quercina, Tremella = Tremella mesenterica DONK: On European Heterobasidiae 327

qucrcinum, -us, Septobasidium, Hypochnus rimulenta, -um, Basidiodendron, Bourdotia

= Sebacina quercus, [Thanatephorus], Rhizoctonia rivalis, Clavaria incrustans

robusta, Rhizoctonia: = [Thanatephorus] Rhizoc- radicata, -um, Ditiola, Dacrymyces, Guepinia, tonia cavendishiani

Helotium; sensu Qu61. = Femsjonia pezizae- romellii, Dacrymyces = Dacrymyces tortus formis Fuck. rosae, Propolis, 1870 (Jna 23-24): 254

S. F. Rehm 3 radicatus, Macroscyphus (Reichard) per (Germany).—Fide 1888 (RKF i ):

in “radi- = P. Gray 1821.—Listed error (as M. 149 Propolis faginea (Schrad.) per

G. W. Mart. Karst. P. culatus”) by 1952 (Sla [= versicolor (Fr.) Fr.]. Fuckel

3 of radiculatus that Exidia saccharina I g ) : 36 as synonym Femsjonia erroneously thought

G. W. Mart, G. W. the — Disco- (Sow. per Fr.) sensu was conidiophorous state.

F. — Mart. = pezizaeformis. Discomycetes. mycetes. radicellatus, Dacrymyces = Femsjonia pezizae- rosea Hohn., Tremella ('Microtremella')

Plan. formis rosea, Tremella, 1788: 270 (Germany)

G. W. -"v Hohn. —Nomen radiculata, Femsjonia, (Sow. per Fr.) (d.n.), not 1903.

Mart. 3 dubium. Identified "h.v." 1952 (Sla 19 ): 36, misapplied; by [1788 (BM

Sow. Lichen Peziza 1797: pi. 144 (England) (d.n.) 2/4. Stuck): 165] with roseus

Fr. radiculata but this is all evident from per 1822;= Sowerbyella (Sow. Schreb., not at

Nannf. the per Fr.) 1938 (SbT 32): 119 f 1, descriptions.

Discomycetes. — Sensu G. W. Mart. = rosella, Tulasnella

Femsjonia pezizaeformis roseolilacina, Tulasnella, Litsch. (in herb.).—

1 = Fide Neuh. 28 = Tulas- ramosa, Dacryomitra Dacrymyces palmatus 1936 (ABS ): 55

II nella ramosa, Guepinia, Curiey 1876 (TLS 1): fuscoviolacea (p. 191).

Fr. E. 127 pi. 21 fs. 2, 3 (Burma).—An alien. roseus, Dacrymyces, 1828 2: 35 (France),

from hothouse Berlin Reported a at by P. not 'N/ Lloyd 1923 (n.v.p.).—Nomen Henn. 1899 (VBr 40): 118. Fide McNabb dubium. Doubtfully basidiomycetous.

1965 (NZB 3): 63, 64 = Dacryopinax rubella, Peziza, Pers. 1801: 635 (Germany)

Pers. Fr. sphathularia, q.v. (d.n.) per 1822: 1822; Ombrophila

cucumeris rapae, Rhizoctonia — Thanatephorus Quel. 1883, misapplied; Craterocolla Sacc.

Bref. Pat. recisa, Exidia, Tremella; sensu = 1888, misapplied; Ditangium 1900, Exidia glandulosa misapplied; = Hyalina rubella (Pers. per

Nannf. 8 2 repanda, Exidia, Tremella, Ulocolla; sensu Pers.) 1932 (NAu IV ): 252

Bref. = Exidia — Sensu = plana f. 4oe, Discomycetes. Quel.

Craterocolla cerasi repens, [Thanatephorus], Rhizoctonia (26)

Fuck. resedae, Hypochnus, Rostr. ("in herbario"), rubella, Propolis, 1870 (Jna 23-24): 254

Lind —Pre- Rehm 1888 3 1913 (Denmark) (nom. nud.). (Germany).—Fide (RKF i ):

= = P. sumably Thanatephorus cucumeris (p. 187). 149 Propolis faginea (Schrad.) per Karst. P. Rhizoctonia = Helicobasidium [= versicolor (Fr.) Fr.]. Fuckel rhizoctoniae, Thelephora = Helicobasidium erroneously thought that Exidia recisa was

brebissonii the conidiophorous state. — Discomycetes.

= rhizoctonon,Helminthosporium = Helicobasidium rubella, Tremella, Gmel. 1791 (d.n.) Helvella

brebissonii purpurea Schaeff. 1774: 114 [pis. 323, 324]

Rhizogona Fr. 1825 (nom. prov.) [1962 (Ta (Germany) (d.n.), cited by Gmelin as 11): 97] Rhizoctonia DC. Fr., “Ulva purpurea”.—Fide Tul. 1865 G. — per q.v. 3: rhizogonum, Sclerotium, Pers. 181 8 (Europe) 191, 192 (as to Helvella purpurea Schaeff.)

—Listed Oud. E. = sarcoides (nom. nud.). by 1921 3: Coryne (Jacq. per Pers.) Tul.,

of 855 as synonym Rhizoctonia medicaginis pi. 323, imperfect state, pi. 324, perfect

but no information supporting this is state. ■— Discomycetes.

— Helvella available. Apparently root-tubercles. rubella var. cerasina, Ombrophila, see rhododendri Fuck., Exobasidium, Exobasidium cerasina

vaccinii f. ruberrima, Tremella, Gmel. 1791 (d.n.) =

cinnabarina rhododendriQu61., Exobasidium = Exobasidium Tremella Wulf., q.v.

rhododendri rubescens, see rufescens PERSOONIA Vol. Part 328 4, 3, 1966

= brebis- al. rubiae, Rhizoctonia Helicobasidium Wint. 1880.—Fide Nylander & 1953

1 sonii (ObL i ): 16 = Gymnosporangium fuscum,

— Uredinales. rubiformis, Dacrymyces, Naematelia, Tremella; q.v.

sensu Bourd. & G. = Tremella encephala saccharina, Exidia, Tremella, Tremella spiculosa

& = rubiginosa, Rhizoctonia, Sappa Mosca 1954 var., Ulocolla; sensu Bon. Dacrymyces

(All 2): 185/. 5 (Somalia) (nom. anam.). saccharinus —Erroneously stated by Saks. & Vaart. saccharinus, Dacrymyces 1961 (CJB 39): 634 to be described from Saccoblastia (Auriculariineae)

& Arnaud Italy. Saccogloea (Bourd. G.) 1951 (nom.

rubra, Calocera, S. Schulz. 1866 (Yugoslavia, nud.) [1958 (Ta 7): 242]; Saccoblastia sect.

Bourd. & G. Slavonia) (nom. nud.). ~ 1928: 5; monotype: Sacco-

rubra, Exidia = Exidia glandulosa blastia sebacea.—A not validly published

O. F. of rubra, Tremella, Mull. 1777 (BbG 3): synonym Helicogloea (p. 157). 8 354 pi. gfs. 7, (Denmark) (nom. anam.) saepincola, see sepincola

—Fide Fr. nisi Exidia (d.n.). 1822: 234, "nil status sagarum, Auricularia, Exidia, Tremella =

siccus Tr. c. sarcoides” — Tremella sarcoides recisa

Schleich. 1821 Fr., q.v. Erroneously ascribed to "Willd." salicina, Tremella, (Switzerland)

Fr. Ind.: = by 1832, Ind.: 192. (nom. nud.).—Fide Fr. 1832, 193

rubropallens, Tulasnella = Tulasnella allanto- Exidia recisa (p. 170).

= Exidia recisa spora salicum, Tremella

Britz. A. & S. rubroviolacea, Tremella, 1893 (BCb 64): saligna, Tremella, 1805: 303 pl.g f. 7

& 105 [pi. 748 f. 20] (Germany).—Nomen (Germany) (d.n.); Stictis (A. S.) per dubium. Identified by Neuh. 1938 (PM Pers. 1822; Tremella Schw. 1822.—Fide Fr.

= 2a): 56 with Naematelia encephala [ Tremella 1822: 198 Stictis versicolor (Fr.) Fr. —

in error. The allantoid encephala ], certainly Discomycetes. Cratero- Auricularia Hirneola spores, 6-7 X 2 n suggest, rather, sambuci, = auiicula-judae

colla but the fruitbodies depicted do not sambucina Mart., Auricularia = Hirneola

show of the udae any trace 'pycnidia'. auricula-j

= Hir- rufa, -us, Guepinia, Gyrocephalus, Phlogiotis, sambucina Scop., Auricularia, Helvella

Tremi- neola Tremella, *Tremiscus Lloyd 1922 = auricula-judae

Fr. scus helvelloides sarcoides, Tremella, 1822: 217 (England) rufescens, Tremella, Ehrenb. ("ined."), Pers. (nom. anam.).—This is the imperfect state

Fr. of sarcoides 1822 (syn.); 1822 (“rubescens syn.) Coryne (Jacq. per Pers.) Tul., a

= Tremella Fries ascribed the impressa, q.v. discomycete. name to

Romell "With. Arr. IV. rufo-aurantiacus, Dacrymyces, (in herb.). p. 78" [With. 1796: 78]

1 Neuh. = who both states the —Fide 1936 (ABS 28 ): 5 Ditangium described under name

cerasi f. insignis = Craterocolla cerasi (p. 165). Tremella sarcoides (Jacq.) With. By excluding ultimate of this Lichen rufum, Dacryonaema, Sphaeronema the type name (=

Rox. is the rugulosa, Tremella, Clem. 1807: 321 sarcoides Jacq., which based on perfect

(Spain) (generic name n.v.p.).—Fide Ag. state) as Bulgaria sarcoides (Jacq. per Pers.)

1823 S-A. 1: 146 = Encoelium sinuosum Fr., Fries actually restricted the application

(Roth) Ag. = Colpomenia sinuosa (Roth) of Withering's recombination to the im-

Derb. — and in this & Sol. Phaeophyceae. perfect state way published a rupincola, Tremella, Schleich. 1821 (Switzer- 'new' species. When von Hohnel [1902 Steud. distinct land) (nom. nud.), 1824: 416 (SbW in): 1002] provided a

(“rupicola”; nom. nud.). generic name for the imperfect state he

" rutilans, Tulasnella, Corticium, Pachysterigma, called its type species Pirobasidiumsarcoides

Prototremella; sensu D. P. Rog. = Tulas- (Jcqn.) v.H." and added, "Est status coni-

nella curvispora diophorus Corynes sarcoidis (Jcqn.)." If one

could that von excluded agree Hohnel, too,

Dicks. P.c. the of this and sabinae, Tremella, 1785 1: 14 type name that, therefore,

' Hook. 1821 the reference after (generic name n.v.p.) per = to Jacquin Pirobasidium

than Gymrwsporangium sabinae (Dicks, per Hook.) sarcoides is an error, this reasoning DONK: On Heterobasidiae European 329

would provide a legal basis for citing the sergentiorum, Podoscypha = ? Tremellodendro-

name of the imperfect state as Piro- psis tuberosa

basidium sarcoides 'Hohn.' or '(Fr.) Hohn.' serpentina, Tremella, Schum. 1803: 438 (Den- Streinz sarcoides, Tremella, (Jacq.) With. 1796 (d.n.), mark) (generic name n.v.p.) per

'

Fr. Lichen = not "v 1822 (nom. anam.); Jacq. 1861.—FideFr. 1832, Ind.: 193 Alga".

1781 (MaJ 2): 378 pi. 22 (Austria) (d.n.): serrata, -um, Clavaria, Merisma, Thelephora -

= Tul. Sebacina incrustans Coryne sarcoides (Jacq. per Hook.)

-— Discomycetes. simplex, Tremella saxatilis.—“[Tremella] saxatilis Dill.", Streinz. Sirobasidium (Tremellineae)

1861 (syn.) = (erroneous and abbreviated solani, Botryobasidium, Ceratobasidium, Corticium,

of Corticium form the Tremella = Thana phrase-name) fluviatilis vagum subsp., Hypochnus

uterculosa Dill. cucumeris gelatinosa et 1741: 54 pl. 10 tephorus

= Nostoc Vauch. Born. Pilacre fi6 verrucosum per solani, Pilacrella, Ecchyna,

= & Flah. — Nostocaceae heterocysteae. solani, Rhizoctonia Thanatephorus cucume-

=Helicobasidium scarlatina, Tremella, Schum. 1803: 438 (Den- ris; sensuThiim. brebissonii

Mass. mark) (generic name n.v.p.) per Streinz. Soppittiella 1892 [1957 (Ta 6): 113];

1861.—Fide Fr. "larva Gastro- Fr." 1822: 231, lectotype: “Thelephora cristata, sensu

This be Mass. = Corticium mycis". qualification may trans- presumably fastidiosum

lated 'an of of P. Karst. = as early state a species (Pers. per Fr.) Cristellafastidiosa the latter in- ticiaceae.— Myxomycetes', group being (Pers. per Fr.) Brinkm., Cot

cluded in the Gastromycetes at that time. The identification of the type species with schinzianum, Exobasidium, P. Magn. 1891 (VjZ Thelephora cristata (Pers.) per Fr. = Seba-

- cina incrustans D. P. 36): 251 plate (Switzerland) Entyloma by Rog. 1944 (M 36):

is cf. Donk schinzianum (P. Magn.) Bubak 1906 (Am 78 not acceptable, 1952 (Re 1):

4): 106 (conidial state). — Special litera- 486. ture: Magnus, 18pi. sordida, Tulasnella, Gloeotulasnella schrenkii, Eichleriella, Hirneolina = Eichleriella sowerbea, Peziza, Pers. 1801 (d.n.); Macro-

S. F. leucophaea scyphus (Pers.) per Gray 1821

S. Pers. sclavonica, Hirneala, Schulz. apud Cooke & (“Sowerbei”); Peziza 1822; = Peziza

Sow. Qu6L, Clav. syn. Hym. europ. 234. 1878. radiculata 1797: pi. 114 (England)

—Nomen An Herneola = dubium. auricula- (d.n.); Sowerbyella radiculata (Sow. per

judae. Nannf. — Fr.) 1938 (SbT 32): 119 f 1. sclerotica, [Thanatephorus], Rhizoctonia Erroneously identified with Femsjonia

Pla- G. W. Martin sebacea, -us, [Achroomyces], Dacrymyces, pezizaeformis by (7952.- 36).

tygloea — Discomycetes.

“Tremella” Oud. sebacea, -um, *Acrotamnium Steud. 1824, Corti- sparti- spartii Ces., 1921

= Sebacina incrustans E' is for cium, Thelephora 3: 835 (syn.).—-This an error sebacea, Saccoblastia = Helicogloealagerheimii ‘Trullula’ spartii Ces. in Rab. 1858 Kl. II: Sebacina (Tremellineae) No. 752. The reduction of this species to

= atrovirens Seismosarca Hirneola Tremella by Oud., I.e., is appar-

= semivestitum, Lachnocladium Tremelloden- ently not correct — Deuteromycetes. dropsis tuberosa spathularia, Guepinia, (Schw.) Fr. 1828; Meru-

= Schw. 1822: sepincola, Dacrymyces, Tremella Dacrymyces lius 92 pi. 2 fs. 1-3 (“spathu-

stillatus; sensu Bon. 1864 (AbH 8): 116 = laria”) (U.S.A.,North Carolina); Guepinio-

in Tremella sepincola Willd. part (var. ß; psis Pat. 1900; Dacryopinax G. W. Mart.

cf. Pers. 1801: 629, syn.) = Dacrymyces 1948.—An alien, reported from Europe urticae Mart, from hothouses and (Pers.) (cited as synonym by as Guepinia fissa, q.v.,

= urticae G. — For Bon., I.e.) Cylindrocolla (Pers. per ramosa, q.v. a recent description

fide Tul. C. and McNabb M(5rat) Bon., 1865 3: 195, illustration, see 1965 (NZB

the imperfect state of Calloria fusarioides 3): 63/. lb (Dacryopinax). — The inclusion

of this in the (Berk.) Fr., q.v. species genus Dacrypinax G.

W. Mart, in debatable. — Septobasidium (Septobasidiales) is, my opinion,

Septocolla = Dacrymyces Special literature: Bodman, 1938. Persoonia Vol. Part 330 4, 3, 1966

spermofora, Tremella, Strom 1788 (n.v.) is stellata, Tremella, Chaill. (in litt.).—Fide Fr.

= = mentioned by C. Christ. 1926: 657. — 1828 E. 2: 80 Sphaeria aurora Fr.

Nectria — Presumably an alga. aurora (Fr.) Sacc. Pyronomycetes. sphacelati, [Thanatephorus], Rhizoctonia sterigmaticum, -us, Thanatephorus, Cerato- sphaerica, Tremella, Streinz 1861 (syn.), not basidium, Corticium ~ (Vauch.) Poir. 1808 (d.n.);= Tremella stictis, Tremella, Pers. 1801 (d.n.); = Stictis

sphaerica, sessilis, gregaria, nigra Gled. 1766 rufa Pers. 1799 O. 2: 74pi. 6f. 6 (Germany) V. Tremella Pers. 1822 2: 346 (Germany).— sphaerica (d.n.) per = Agyrium rufum

"&c. Gled. Act. II is cited Fr. Fr. — p. 346" by (Pers. per Pers.) Discomycetes.

of Stilbum 1822: 249 as synonym Sclerotium semen (Auriculariineae)

brassicae but this is Calloria var. (Berg.) per Fr., not stillatus, Dacrymyces, ; sensu Corda

acceptable. = Dacrymyces stillatus, arthrosporous

Poir. 1808 L. Tul. sphaerica, Tremella, (Vauch.) (d.n.); state; sensu = Dacrymyces sp.;

Nostoc Vauch. Fr. 1803: 223 pi. 16f. 2 (Swit- sensu Berk., 1874 = Dacrymyces spp.

zerland) (d.n.) = Nostoc sphaericum Vauch. (mixtum compositum; not listed); sensu

Born. & Flah. VII P. Karst. = Bref. per 1888 (ASn 7): 208. Dacrymyces sp.; sensu

= = — Nostocaceae Bourd. & G. heterocysteae. Dacrymyces sp.; sensu

P. Karst. Sphaerocolla 1892 [1962 (Ta 11): 99] Dacrymyces sp.

(nom. anam.). monotype: Sphaerocolla stillatus var. lutescens Steud. = Dacrymyces

aurantiaca P. Karst., q.v. lacrymalis

Sphaerospora Bon. 1870 (nom. nud.) [1963 stipitata, [Dacrymyces], Septocolla

(Ta 12): 167], not ~ Sweet 1826 (nom. stipitata, Tremella, Bosc 1811 (MBe 5): 89

& nud.) Klatt 1863 (Iridaceae), not pi. 6f. 14 (U.S.A., South Carolina) (d.n.) Sacc. Willd. (Sacc.) 1889 (Pezizaceae); monotype: per Schw. 1822, not ~ 1787 (d.n.),

Thelephora byssoides Pers. sensu Bon. = not ~ Peck 1875; Leotia J. Schroet. 1894;

= —A not — Sebacina incrustans.. validlypublished, Leotia viscosa Fr. Discomycetes.

earlier of Sebacina Willd. synonym (p. 173). stipitata, Tremella, 1787:420 (Germany) sphaerospora, [Tremella ('Microtremella')], (nom. anam.) (d.n.), not Bosc 1811

Sebacina Schw. ■"v Peck (d.n.) per 1822, not 1875.

Tremella Fr. clavata spicata, —Fide 1822: 218 = Tremella

Chev. = Exidia Spicularia (Pers.) Pers., q.v.

Exidia spiculata, = ? Exidia plana stipitatus, Dacrymyces, Dacrymyces deliquescens

Tremella = = spiculosa Pers., Exidia, Gyraria, var. [Dacrymyces] Ditiola nuda

Exidia glandulosa straminea, Exidia = Exidia recisa spinulosa, Eichleriella, (B. & C. apud Berk.) stratosa, Sebacina, Seismosarca = Basidioden-

Burt Radulum dron cinereum 1915, in part misapplied;

B. & C. apud Berk. 1873 (G 1): 146 striata, Calocera, Clavaria = ? Calocera cornea

(U.S.A., Alabama), cf. (29). — Sensu striata, Guepinia, Bary (in herb.).—Fide Lloyd

in = = Burt, part Eichleriella deglubens 1919 (LMW 6): 922 Guepeniapeziza Tul.

= ? Sebacina incrustans spongiosa, Sebacina [= Guepiniopsis buccina, p. 204]. spongiosum, Hydnum = Pseudohydnum gelati- striatus, Dacrymyces, Oud. 1919 E. 1: 546

nosum ("Fr."; error) =Dacrymyces stillatus (p. 200).

Schum. squamosa, Tremella, 1803: 440 (Den- stricta, Calocera

mark) (generic name n.v.p. ) per Steud. strigosa, Exidia, Exidia glandulosa subsp. =

—Fide Fr. 1822: Exidia 1824. 219 (as “sub- glandulosa squamosa”), "ad Gastromycetes [= Myxo- strigosa, Sebacina mycetes] referenda", struthiopteridis Rostr., Herpobasidium, Gloe- stahlii, [Thanatephorus],Rhizoctonia osporium, Uredinopsis steidleri, Tremella, Tremella encephala var. Stypella (Tremellineae) stellariae, Exobasidium, P. Syd. 1899 (H 38): Stypinella = Helicobasidium

Simon Th. (134) (Germany).—Fide Savile 1959 (CJB suavis, Rhizoctonia, 1932 (inci-

37): 643 = Melampsorella caryophyllacearum dental mention) = Orcheomyces suavis

J. Schroet. — Uredinales. Burgeff 1909: 27 (Germany; greenhouse), DONK: On Heterobasidiae European 331

fide Simon Th. in F.e.: a non-binomialname (79); succineus, Dacrymyces, Spr6e Rab. 1864

= Thanate- No. 680 “Calloria 1932: 65 Rhizoctonia solani [= (with description, citing

cucumeris succinea Fr. phorus (p. 187), imperfect state]. summ. p. 359 ?") (Netherlands)

subardosiaca, Helicogloea, Saccoblastia, Sacco- (nom. anam.), not (Fr.) Fr. 1874.—

Fide = blastia sebacea subsp. Hohn. 1918 (SbW 127): 372-375

Schum. Fr. = subclavata, Tremella, 1803: 442 (Den- Dacrymyces succineus (Fr.) Sirocyphella

mark) (d.n.) per Pers. 1822.—Nomen succinea (Fr.) Hohn. — Deuteromycetes.

identified this Fr. 1821 dubium. Fries 1822: 217 sulcata, Ditiola,( Tode) per Tubercularia with Tremella but this in Tode mesenterica, is, my 1790: 21pi. 4/. 34 (Germany) (nom.

opinion, not acceptable (at least as to the anam: ?) (d.n.).—Nomen dubium. Tode

" main cited Astroides variety). as synonym Fungus Scop."

subgelatinosa, -um, Protodontia, Hydnum, syringae, Tremella, Schum. 1803:440 (Denmark)

Pers. Protohydnum (d.n.) per 1822; Dacrymyces (Schum.

Sebacina = Fr. Nomen dubium. — subhyalina, Sebacina podlachica per Pers.) 1822.—

& illustration: Hörnern. subiculoides, Ptychogaster = Sebacina incrustans Description 1825

F. sublilacina, Sebacina, Exidiopsis (Fd 11 / 31): 14 pi. 1857f. 3 (Dacry- subplana, Peziza, Schum. 1803: 416 (Denmark) myces), presumably Schumacher's original

Pers. —Fries (d.n.) per 1822. (1822: 140) drawing.

listed this name ("ex icon. Auct.") as

of - synonym Peziza chrysocoma Bull, sensu Tachaphantium Achroomyces

Fr. in Exidia = Exidia = Dacrymyces chrysocoma, my opinion tenax, plana

a doubtful identification. tenerrima, Tremella, With. 1776 (generic name

Oud. = Tremella Schreb. subrepanda, Exidia, (P. Karst.) 1920; n.v.p.) crispa (typo-

Exidia albida E. P. Karst. subsp. subrepanda nym), q.v. 1891 (Mfe 18): 73 (Finland).—Nomen terminalis, Tremella, (O. F. Mull.) Rom. & dubium. Ust. 1789 (incidental mention); Lichen

subrotunda O. F. F. subrotunda.--“[Tremella] L.":Streinz Mull. 1782 (Fd 5 I 15): 5 pi. 879 form of 1861 (syn.) = (an abbreviated the f I (Denmark or Norway). —Nomen

Fide Hornem. Verru- phrase-name) Tremella subrotunda sinuosa dubium. 1827: 39 =

L. = fide Zahlbr. C. difformis gelatinosa 1747 (Sweden) caria maura "Florke"; 193 1

Tremella L. = Nostoc = The verrucosa 1753 (d.n.) 7: 780 "Alga videtur". combination

Vauch. — made in the index verrucosum per Born. & Flah. with Tremella was to

Nostocaceae heterocysteae. volume 2 ofthe "Magazin für die Botanik"

Calocera Römer & Usteri. On the subsimplex, Calocera, cornea var.; edited by page

sensu Britz. = Calocera glossoides referred to this combinationwas not made

Fr. Müller subsquamosa, Tremella, 1822: 219 (incident- by [1789 (MB 2/5. Stück): 180],

al Steud. = who to mention the mention) ex 1824 (an error forgot generic appella-

his reference shows that it for) Tremella squamosa Schum., q.v. tion; should subtilis, [Thanatephorus],Rhizoctonia have been 'Lichen' rather than 'Tremella'.

. » succina = succinea terrestris. “Tremella terrestris Dill.", Ag. 1824:

= foliacea succinea, Tremella Tremella 19 (syn.), Kiitz. 1849: 298 ("Dillw."; syn.), succinea-“Peziza succinea Pers. Comm. Schaeff. not Grev. 1830 ("Dill."; syn.); = (an

Fr. 1822: Steud. abbreviated form of the p. 23". 223 (syn.); Tremella phrase-name)

1824 (“succinea” & “succina”; syn.), an Tremella terrestris sinuosa, pinguis & fugax

Pers. 1822.—Fide = Tremella T. succin(e)a Fries, I.e., Dill. 1741: 52 pi. 10 f. 14

= Exidia I have been unable locate L. = Vauch. Born. recisa. to nostoc Nostoc vulgare per

the place of publication of this name. & Flah. — Nostocaceae heterocysteae. succineus, Dacrymyces, (Fr.) Fr. 1874, not 'v terrestr--“Tremella terrestris, Dill.", Grev.

Calloria Fr. Spr£e 1864; 1849: 359 1830: 175 (syn.), not■'N/ Ag. 1824 ("Dill."; (Sweden) (nom. anam.); = Sirocyphella syn.); = (an abbreviated form of the Hohn. succinea (Fr.) 1918 (SbW 127): 337, phrase-name) Tremella terrestris tenera, crispa

= — — Sensu Boud. Dill. 374. Deuteromycetes. 1741: 52 pi. 1of. 12 Tremella crispa

= Dacrymyces fagicola Schreb., q.v. PERSOONIA Vol. Part 332 4, 3, 1966

Nostoc Vauch. Born. & Flah. — Nosto- Thanatephorus (Tulasnellaceae) per

= Thanatophytum Helicobasidium caceae heterocysteae. — For this name Tulas- Tremella and its various thelephoreus, Muciporus corticola forma, applications, see

= Donk in nella Tulasnella violea 1958 (Ta 7): 245, obs.

Thore Pers. St-Am. thermalis, Tremella, 1803: 448 (France) Tremella per (Tremellineae)

(generic name n.v.p.), not Opiz 1823. tremellae, Auricularia = Hirneola auiicula-

—" nous savons le Tremella thermalis . . . que judae

de Thore = Exidia . . . [est] presque entierement Tremellochaete

[compost] de Leptothrix lamellosa Kiitzing": Tremellodendropsis (Tremellineae)

Flah. VII — = Born. & 1887 (ASn 5): 59. Tremellodon Pseudohydnum

refers detailed Auricu- Thore, I.e., to a more tremelloides, Auricularia, Thelephora =

description in the "Journal de sante et laria mesenterica

d'Histoire = naturelle, t. 2, p. 162" (n.v.). tremelloides, Dacrymyces Dacrymyces pal-

— Bacteria. matus thermalis, Tremella, Opiz 1823 ("Springfels" tremelloides.-“[Tremella] tremelloides Huds.",

[!] ), not ~ Thore 1803 (generic name Streinz 1861 (syn.), not ~ (Berk.) Mass.

= Tremella = error Lichen tremelloides n.v.p.) ; thermalis, gelatinosa . . . 1889; (an for)

Huds. = L. —= Springfeld ? 1754 (HAB 1752 [vol. 8]): 102 (L.) tremelloides (L.) Weiss (Czechoslovakia, Bohemia).—Cf. Born. & Leptogium lichenoides (L.) Zahlbr.—A con-

' VII Flah. 1887 (ASn 5): 59. Perhaps a tamination of Tremella lichenoides L.' and

mixture of several species, but cf. Hapa- ‘Lichen tremelloides Huds.' — Lichenes.

losiphon laminosus (Kiitz.) per Born. & Flah. tremelloides, Tulasnella, Gloeotulasnella

= laminosus Born. Mastigocladus (Kiitz. per Tremiscus (Tremellineae)

& Flah.) Kirchner. — Nostocaceae hetero- tremula, Tremella, (Holmskj.) Nees 1816 (d.n.);

? Clavaria cysteae Holmskj. 1799: 27 pi. [//] (Den- —Fide & Fr. thuretiana, Exidia, Tremella = Exidia albida mark) (d.n.). Pers. 1822: 201

Stictis = lubrica S. tiliae, Achroomyces, Achroomyces 1822: 29 = Leotia (Scop.) per

disciformis F. Gray. — Discomycetes. tiliae, Platygloea, Tachaphantium = Achroo- truncata, Auricularia, Exidia, Tremella = Exidia

disciformis myces glandulosa tinctoria, Tremella = Tremella foliacea tuberculata Clavaria, With. 1796: 364 (Eng-

—Because With, torta, -us, Dacrymyces, Guepiniopsis, Tremella; land) (d.n.). cited"Schaeff.

sensu Bon. = Dacrymyces stillatus; sensu 289" [Clavaria cornuta Schaeff.] as a re-

Doass. & Pat. = Guepiniopsis buccina; presentative figure, C. tuberculata was con-

Brasf. sidered of but sensu = Dacrymyces sp. (not listed) a synonym Calocera viscosa, The = conclusion to totarae, Auricula Pseudohydnumgelatinosum this is unacceptable me. translucens, Tremella ('Microtremella') original description suggests Podostroma

Fuck. alutaceum S. F. but transversalis, Propolis, 1870 (Jna 23-24): (Pers. per Gray) Atk., Rehm 1888 Nomen dubium. 254 (Germany).—Fide (RKF only imperfectly so.

3 = Leotia = i ): 149 Propolis faginea (Schrad.) per tuberculata, ? Ditiolaradicata P. Karst. [= Propolis versicolor (Fr.) Fr.]. tuberculata, Tremella

Fuckel erroneously considered Exidia glan- tuberculosa, Sebacina

be the — Loud. dulosa to conidiophorous state. tuberosa, Calocera, (Sow. per Fr.) 1829:

Fr. Clavaria Discomycetes. 1832; Sow. 1799: pi. 199 traumatica, Tulasnella, Gloeotulasnella (England) (d.n.). —Currently referred to trechispora, Sebacina, Bourd. & G. 1913 Clavariadelphus fistulosus (Holmskj. per Fr.)

(France) (nom. nud.).—Afterwards pub- Corner. — Clavariaceae.

lished Bourdotia cinerella as var. trachyspora tuberosa, -um, Tremellodendropsis, Aphelaria,

Bourd. & G. Bourdotia cinerella is now Merisma, Stereum, Thelephora

referred to Basidiodendron caesiocinereum tubiformis, Guepinia = Guepiniopsis buccina

(p. 162). tulasnei, Dacrymyces = ? Dacrymyces stillatus

L. & L. Tul. Tremella [Dill.] 1753: 1157 1754: 491 sensu

~ Pers. St-Am. Tulasnella = Tulasnella (d.n.), not per 1821; = tulasnei, Prototremella, On Heterobasidiae DONK: European 333

Tulasnella Schrank violea; sensu P. Karst. = umbilicata, Tremella, 1789: 559 (Ger- Streinz 1861.—Nomen cystidiophora many) (d.n.) per Tulasnella (Tulasnellaceae) dubium. tulipae, Sclerotium, Therry ("in litt."), Roum. umbrina, Sebacina, Bourdotia

1887 (France) (nom. nud. & anam.), umbrina Schum., Tremella = Exidia plana

not Lib. 1830, not ~ Weinm. 1836.— umbrinella, Exidia

Fide Whetzel apud Boerema 1964: 180 = umbrosa, Tremella, Opiz 1852: 148 (Czecho- Rhizoctonia tuliparum (p. 190). slovakia) (nom. nud.).—Cf. Svrcek in & al. tuliparum, [Thanathephorus], Rhizoctonia, Klast. 1958: 90, "probabiliter

Sclerotium Nostoc sp." — Nostocaceae heterocysteae ?

undulata Tremella = Tremella = foliacea tumidum, -us, Achroomyces, Myxosporium Hoffm.,

? Achroomyces disciformis undulata Paul., Tremella = Tremella mesen-

turhinata, Tremella, Huds. 1778 (d.n.), not terica

& Schum. 1803 (d.n.) (Schum. per Corda) unedonis, Exobasidium

Opiz 1856;= Peziza polymorpha Oed. (d.n.) unicolor, Tremella, Fr. 1822: 218 (Sweden);

= —Nomen Doubt- Phaeobulgaria inquinans (Pers. per Pers.) Calocera Fr. 1874. dubium.

Nannf. — Discomycetes. fully basidiomycetous. Sensu Corda 1838

Schum. I. turbinata, Tremella, 1803: 441 (Den- 2: 34 pi. 14 f. 121 (Coryne), apparently

mark) (d.n.), not Huds. 1778 (d.n.); a quite different species.

mis- Pers. 1801: Coryne (Schum.) per Corda 1838, urticae, Tremella, 628 (Germany) applied?; Tremella Opiz 1856 ("Schrad."). (nom. anam.) (d.n.); Dacrymyces Mart. —Nomen dubium. Pers. Mcrat 1817 (d.n.); Tremella per 1821;

Ditiola radicata Fr. urticae turbo, Peziza = Dacrymyces 1822; Cylindrocolla

Hohn. fide L. Tul. typhae, Dacryopsis, 1909 (SbW 118): (Pers. per M6rat) Bon., 1853

Hohn. III the of 291 (Germany)); Dacryopsella 1915; (ASn 20): 167, imperfect state

= Donk. — Berk. Calloria = Pistillina typhae (Hohn.) Peziza fusarioides fusa-

rioides — Clavariaceae. (Berk.) Fr., q.v. Deuteromycetes. Willd.": Streinz Bull. typhina-“[Tremella] typhina ustulata, Tremella, 1788: pi. 420 f. 2

1861 = Stemonitis St-Am. (syn.) (an error for) (France) (d.n.) per 1821; Gyraria

= = —Fide typhina Wigg. 1780: 110 Comatricha S. F. Gray 1821. Fr. 1822: 258

Rost, fide Lister Sclerotium & Fr. typhoides (Bull.) 1911: 157. pyrinum (A. S.) per Ap-

— Myxomycetes. parently still a nomen dubium.

Helicobasidium Uthatobasidium typhuloides, Eocronartium, — (Tulasnellaceae)

Eocronartium muscicola utriculata, Tremella, Huds. 1778: 564 (England)

(d.n.).—Fide Ag. 1824: 26 = Rivularia

ubatubensis, Hirneolina = Eichleriellaalliciens angulosa Roth = Gloeotrichia natans (Hedw.)

Protodontia Born. & Flah. — Nostocaceae hetero- uda, per

ulicis, Dacryopsis, Ditiola = Femsjonia pezizae- cysteae. formis uvae-ursi, Exobasidium, Exobasidium andro-

medae forma uliginosa, Clavaria, Wallr. 1815: 141 (Ger-

Bres. many) (d.n.) per Pers. 1822.—Kunzeapud uvida, Sebacina, (Fr.) 1891, misapplied;

Fr. 1821: 498 referred this to Pistillaria Thelephora viscosa var. Fr. 1828 E. 1: 218 muscicola [= Eocronartium muscicola], but (Sweden); Exidiopsis Bourd. & L. Maire

the does this. Lun- protologue not support 1920 (nom. nud.), misapplied.—Fide

of dell No. = Rather one of the small species Cla- 1947 (LNF 29-30): 20 1432

variaceae. Corticium lividum Fr. = (Pers. per Fr.)

Tremella uliginosa, Phlebia livida (Pers. per Fr.) Bres., Corti-

= = Ulocolla Exidia ciaceae. — Sensu Bres. Sebacina effusa

Steud. umbilicalis, Tremella, (L.) 1824 ( syn-)

S. G. Gmel. sensu = “F[ucus] Tremella umbilicalis vaccinii, Exobasidium, Fusidium; Fuck.,

= Fucus umbilicalis = in = Exobasidium 1768 L. 1753: 1163 part myrtilli; sensu

— Rhodo- in rho- Porphyra umbilicalis (L.) J. Ag. Cavara, part = Exobasidium phyceae. dodendri PERSOONIA Vol. Part 334 4, 3, 1966

= Fries's vaccinii-myrtilli, Exobasidium Exobasidium misapplied to species); = Peziza

A. & myrtilli clavus var. violascens S. 1805: 303

vaccinii-uliginosi, Exobasidium (Germany) (d.n.). — Discomycetes. —

= Uthatobasidium ochra- Sensu = vaga, Coniophora Quel. Craterocolla cerasi (26)

ceum violacea, Rhizoctonia = Helicobasidium brebis-

& vagum, Ceratobasidium, (B. C. apud Berk.) sonii; sensuauctt. nonn. = Thanatephorus

B. & cucumeris Pilat 1957, misapplied; Corticium C. Tremella apud Berk. 1873 (G I ) : 179 (U.S.A., violacea Bull., Tremella, mesenteriformis

South Carolina); Pellicularia D. P. Rog. var. = Tremella foliacea

Linder = Pers. 1801: apud 1942; Botryobasidium vagum violacea, Tremella, 623 (d.n.;

& C. D. P. violacea “Tremella . . . Reih. . huius (B. apud Berk.) Rog. 1935, . .

Corticiaceae. — in = Reih. Sensu Burt, part quoque loci"), not 1785 (d.n.),

Pilat = not "v Schrank & Moll Thanatephorus cucumeris; sensu q.v., 1785 (d.n.),

Pers. 1818 Ceratobasidium anceps not "v (Bull.) (d.n.); Dacrymyces

var. solani = Mart. S. vagum Rolls, Corticium Thanate- 1817 (d.n.); Gyraria (Pers.) per phorus cucumeris F. Gray 1821; Tremella Pers. 1822; Dacry-

" Sebacina Fr. 1822.—Cf. cerasi vermifera, myces Sirobasidium”

B. & Br. Bourd. & else dubium. vermiformis, Dacrymyces, 1878 (AM G., q.v., or a nomen

V — 1): 25 pi. 3 f 1 (England).—Nomen “Dacrymyces violaceus, Schwein. Syn. Car. dubium. 1148" (nom. nud.), cited by Cooke [1891

vemicosa, Ceracea, Cragin 1885 (BWb 1): 82 (G 20): 15] refers to a mere application

[cf. 1885 (JM 1): 58] U.S.A., Kansas).— of T. violacea Pers. — Sensu Tul. = Myxa-

An G. W. Mart. imperfect fungus, fide rium hyalinum; sensu Bourd. & G. =

1949 (M 41): 78-79, and apparently non- Tremella moriformis — Cf. (69).

mesen- basidiomycetous. Reported from Finland violaceaRelh., Tremella = Auricularia

by P. Karst. 1889 (BFi 48): 461 as a da- terica

A Schrank & Moll crymycetous species. doubtful record. violacea, Tremella, 1785

vernicosa, Tulasnella N.B. 2: 316 (Germany) (d.n.), not "v

L. ~ Pers. 1801 verrucosa, Tremella, 1753: 1158 (Sweden) Relh. 1785 (d.n.), not (d.n.)

= Nostoc Vauch. Born. & S. F. Pers. not (d.n.) verrucosum per (Pers. per Gray) 1822,

& Flah. 1888 (ASn VII 7): 216. —Nosto- "v (Bull.) Pers. 1818 (d.n.).—Nomen Hel- caceae heterocysteae. dubium. Schrank (1789: 563) cited

versicolor, Tremella vella mesenterica Dicks. 1785 P.c. 1: 20

verticalis, Tremella = Tremella foliacea ("Discon. Magaz. fur d. Bot. II. 60") as

Bull. Dickson's is known vesicaria, Tremella, 1788: pi. 427f. 3 & synonym. species now

H.: Auricularia mesenterica. The 179 1 224 (France) (d.n.) per Spreng. as original 1827.—Nomen dubium. Sensu Sm. 1812 description of this T. violacea does not

= Peck this identification. (EB 35): pi. 2431 ?; sensu 1879 support

= Tremella (RNS 28): 53 reticulata (Berk.) violacea, -um, Tulasnella, Corticium, Pachy-

Farl., an extra-European species, sterigma

vestita, [Achroomyces], Platygloea violaceum, Oidium, Harting 1846 (ASn III 6):

Exidia 16 villosa, 47 pi. 6f. (Netherlands) (nom. anam.).

villosum, Agarico-gelicidium = Auricularia —This has been listed by Sacc. & Trav.

mesenterica under 191 1 (SF 20): 679 Rhizoctonia violacea,

Streinz but the is so brief and violacea, Auricularia, (Bull, per M£rat) protologue vague

1861 (syn.) = Auricularia tremelloides var. that there is little reason to accept this.

= brebis- violacea Bull. 1791 H.: 278 (France) (d.n.) violaceus, Hypochnus Helicobasidium

= Auricularia tremelloides (typonym); = A. sonii

mesenterica & S. Streinz (p. 154). violascens, Tremella, (A. per Fr.) violacea With., Helvella = Auricularia mesen- 1861 (syn.) = Tremella foliacea var. viola-

terica & scens A. S. 1805: 303 (Germany) (d.n.) Fr. violacea, Ombrophila, Fr. 1849, not "w (Hedw.) per 1822: 213.—Fide Neuh. 1936 (ABS

Rehm 1 per 1891 (erroneous recombination 28 ): 20-21 = "eine Bulgariacee aus der DONK: On European Heterobasidiae 335

cf. Tremella identification with T. Gegend von Coryne”; sarcoides (1787 V.c. 1: 23)

— also Fr., q.v. See (63). digitata Hoffm., q.v. Corallium virens, Tremella, Schw. 1822: 115: Fr. 1822: viscosa, -um, Pers., Calocera, Clavaria,

216 (U.S.A., North Carolina).—This was Hahn 1883, Merisma

recorded form Belgium by Westend. 1852 viscosa, Tremella, (Pers. per Fr.) B. & Br. 1848,

It Pers. O. 18 (BAB 19): 124 ("Fr. Syn. myc."). was misapplied; Corticium 1799 2:

later described as Epidochium virens Wes- (Germany) (d.n.); Thelephora (Pers.) per

tend. — Deuteromycetes. Fr. 1821, not Pers. 1822; Exidia P. Karst.

Phlebia & Rea = violea, -um, -us, Tulasnella, Corticium, Hypo- 1889 1922, misapplied;

Corticiaceae. — chnus livida (Pers. per Fr.) Fr.,

virescens Tremella Tre- Sensu Schum. = viscosa Corda, Naematelia, = ? Thelephora Pers.,

mella sensu B. & Br. = Exidia exigua q.v. (not listed); virescens Britz. Sebacina Schum., Tremella, Dacrymyces albida; sensu = incrustans,

Retz. fide Neuh. viridis, Tremella, 1769 (SVH 30): 251 1935 (PM 2a): 24 (not listed)

—Nomen dubium. Not Pers. 1822: ~ (Sweden). a fungus viscosa, Thelephora, 149, not

it would seem. (Pers.) per Fr. 1821.—Nomen dubium.

Seer. M. This has been viridis muscorum, Tremella, 1833 3: referred to Tremella viscosa 288 (Switzerland) (double epithet: n.v.p.). Fr. (33).

—Instated for Tremella muscorum Schleich., viscosa Fr., Tremella = Exidia albida & T. minutum Nomen Viala & q.v. Schleich., q.v. vitis, Aureobasidium, Boyer 1891 (CrP

dubium. Cf. Nostoc sp., spp.? 112): 1150 (France) (nom. anam.); Exo- viridissimI—'“[Tremella] viridissima Hall.", basidium Prill. & Del. 1894; = Aureobasidium

Streinz 1861 of Arnaud. — (syn.) = (an abbreviation pululans (Bary) Deuteromycetes.

the Tremella corni- Fr. 1822: Tuber- phrase-name) viridissima, volvata, Ditiola, (Tode) per

Haller —Fide Tode culispalmatis no. 2125. Haller, cularia 1790: 20pi. 4/. 33 (Germany)

I.e. = Tremella palustris gelatinosa Damae (d.n.).—Nomen dubium.

cornuum facie Dill. [= Chaetophora incrassata vulgare, -is, Stilbum, Botryonipha

(Huds.) Haz.]. — Chlorophyceae. vulgare, Tremellodon, Qu61. 1877 (BbF 23): 316

= viscaria, Tremella, Neck. 1768: 523 [cf. Pers. (nom. nud.), presumably Pseudo-

C.: —Nomen dubium. 1797 221/89] (d.n.). hydnum gelatinosum (p. 173). Persoon, I.e., thought ofAcrospermum cornuta warmingii, Exobasidium, Arcticomyces ￿ Tremella cornuta (Pers.) Pers., q. ».,("sed

forte tamen diversa"); fide Fr. 1822: = 217 Xenogloea = Kriegeria sarcoides but this Tremella Fr., q.v., seems

not Hoffmann's = Auricularia acceptable, no more than Zonaria Roussel