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M.A. Donk DONK: on European Heterobasidiae 245 Check list ofEuropean HymenomycetousHeterobasidiae [Cont’d] M.A. Donk DONK: On European Heterobasidiae 245 and Naematelia quercina Coker 1920 (U.S.A., North Carolina), fide Bandoni (op. tremelloides. The cit., p. 325) = Sparassis following remark by Bandoni (op. cit., tremelloides = Tremella tremelloides Mass. should be p. 326) on Sparassis (Berk.) kept "does in mind; this species, he wrote, not seem to differ significantly from Tremella in its characteristics. is that the encephala microscopic It possible two represent different manifestations from two different hosts [Stereum spp.]." In Tremella is variable than other (62). some respects encephala even more of the for to there least three species genus, instance, as colour, are at principal shades. First, hyaline-whitish, the white colour being mainly due to the white kernel Tremella that shows through. It was this condition, I believe, that received the name alabastrina. A delicate flesh colour is very common. Neuhoff (1936b: 23) has suggested that Tremellafragiformis Pers. (which Persoon called ‘ruber’) was annotated by its German collector as stawberry (fraise) coloured and that Persoon misunderstood the in- formation: “in der deutschen Tuchindustrie bedeutet fräsfarben ein milchiges das dem Farbton der T. vollkommen It Fleischrosa, encephala entspricht.” may be pointed out that when Persoon published a coloured picture of his species he stated in the French version of the text: “sa couleur à l’exterieur est semblable à celle de la fraise; intérieurementelle est pâle.” However, the accompanying figure shows the fruitbody as dingy pink rather than red. Older from have often collections, especially such as are received correspondents, lost the above-mentioned original colours and have turned more or less dingy brown or alutaceous (cf. Fries, 1822: 227 "in vegetis semper carneo-pallidus, siccus rufofuscus"). Finally, yellowish fruitbodies have also been encountered, for instance in the one collection that Bourdot & Galzin referred to their interpretation of T. rubiformis, for which they recorded the colour as pale yellow. For typical T. encephala these authors also "souvent teinte de This Link noted, creme orange". may explain why changed the name Tremella encephala Pers. into Encephalium aurantiacum when trans- of ferring that species to his new genus Encephalium (a synonym Naematelia). It well be that much of the in colour is due the host may diversity to species. Stereum sanguinolentum is one of the 'bleeding' stereums, and soluble substances that colour diffuse into the may undergo changes perhaps parasite. It is just possible that T. alabastrina is a different species. Brefelds protologue is not quite sufficiently detailed to be decisive; he does not mention the kernel. (63)- Tremellafoliacea.. —Persoon's protologue (1799 O. 2: 98) contains some that he enigmas. On the whole it might be concluded was describing not too large specimens of what is now called T. foliacea: "Unc. 11 lata, totidem fere alta, lin. 1 crassa". As a sort of afterthought he added as last words "forma pezizoidea", which of of Tul. suggests some species Exidia, or perhaps even Coryne (perfect state), still of for the least because of or more Neobulgaria foliacea (Bres.) Dennis, not part PERSOONIA Part 246 Vol. 4, 3, 1966 remark Bresadola in connection with the of this last a by original description mentioned "Habitus omnio Tremellae tantum observa- species: foliaceae Pers., a qua tione microscopica tute distinquitur." Ifthe true Tremella foliacea were really pezizoid in shape, it could hardly be anything but either Exidia saccharina or Neobulgaria foliacea. Identification with the first of these two is out of the question because of differences in colour and saccharina coniferous substratum: E. grows only on wood, while Persoon stated of Tremella foliacea: "ad truncos subputridos, praesentim Avellanae”. The that Persoon in his Coryli description published succeeding myco- logical work (1801: 626) treated the fruitbody as compound ("magna cespitosa individuum " unc. 1 latum and called it . concava .... Singulum est") again . .... however he added "... sed laterefructificat." These last Subpezizoidea"; utroque as well as the citationof "Bull. t. f. A. turn the scale in favour words, . 406 a ?", of Tremella a true rather than some species of Exidia or Neobulgaria, for in these there is often difference between the sterile outside and the genera an appreciable hymenial disk. Fries simply left out any allusion to a pezizoid shape. I am more inclined to agree with him and Neuhoff ( 1933: 98) that what Persoon had in mind was after all the species of Tremella redescribed by Fries and Bresadola. After this it is not surprising that some authors (Brefeld) confused Tremella foliacea with Exidia saccharina. When Fries (1822: 212) accepted Persoon's species, not only did he leave out all allusions form but also shifted the somewhat to a pezizoid he emphasis (but not toward the form of T. his describes the quite) foliacea on conifers; although phrase colour exactly the same as Persoon's did ("cinnamomeo-carnea") his description contains, "Color constanter obscure rufus" and "Ad truncos vetustos abicgnos, &c." When Bresadola F.t. the pineos, betulinos, (1900 2: 97 pi. 2ogf. 1) published first modern account under the name of T. foliacea he conceived it inclusively as far as the colour and substratum were concerned: "ad ramos Laricis, Abietis et etiam arboreum frondosarum gregario obvia". Most authors consider T. variable with now foliacea a very species, especially the colour of the authors it includes few respect to fruitbody. According to some a fresh infraspecific taxa. It would appear desirable to collect more information on collections from various substrata. The following discussions on the forms that have received and available to be of specific names may prove some use. Tremella the of this turned out to be fimbriata.. —Establishing identity fungus another puzzle. Neuhoff (igg6b: 20) suspected that this species, as interpreted by Fries the form of T. from wood. Fries would (1822: 212), was foliacea angiosperm have made the distinction, because to him T. foliacea (see above) was in the first place the form on gymnosperm wood. The choice of the epithet 'fimbriata' is difficult to understand. Persoon's original description (1799 O. 2: 97) contains "lateraincisa, margine undulata"and thus leaves the epithet insufficiently explained; Fries wrote "margine incisis undulato-fimbriatis" which can only be true if one lenient of Neuhoff's accepts a very interpretation 'fimbriatus'. Still I believe that DONK: On European Heterobasidiae 247 suggestion is perfectly acceptable as long as an extremely plastic form on angiosperm wood is in these moist habitat postulated and, particular cases, an excessively on branches on the ground: "Ad ramos rarissime ad terram dejectos" (Persoon, I.e., fluviorum 1 799), "in ramis deiectis ad marginam rarius ..." (Persoon, 1801), "Ad locis humidis This would truncos & ramos, praecipue alneos, passim" (Fries, 1821). also explain why the fruitbody is (sub) erect. T. Fries distinguished between two forms of fimbriata, the typical one and a form "b": "Color nigrescens, luci obversus olivaceus v. fuligineus, in b. purpurascens." However, his references are not distributed accordingly, T. mesenteriformis var. violacea Bull, and T. tinctoria being cited with the typical formeven though the fruit- bodies are vinaceous. Tremella verticalis.—Fries referred Bulliard's species as "optime" to T. fimbriata, typical form. The erect habit ('verticalis') and the strongly and irregularly incised of the lobes the substratum is indicated "sur les vieilles souches". margins agree; as Bulliard himself (1791 H: 231-232) later referred this fungus to T. mesenteriformis that it violaceous. var. violacea Bull., which suggests was slightly In any case it seems to be conspecific with T. fimbriata and perhaps also with the purplish forms Fries referred to that species; these had previously received specific names of their own (T. undulata, T. violacea, T. tinctoria). Tremella —Neuhoflf "Eine Form der undulata .. (1936b: 20) wrote: purpurviolette T. foliacea Bres. gibt es nicht; der Name violascens Alb. & Schw. bezieht sich auch keineswegs auf eine Tremella, sondern auf eine Bulgariacee aus der Gegend von I about the of Tremella violascens A. Coryne.” Although agree identity foliacea var. & S. [presumably the common imperfect state, now called Pirobasidium sarcoides the (Fr.) Hohn.], I do not agree with remark that no purplish-violaceous forms may exist. Tremella undulatais in Hoffmann describedhis apoint case; species as "purpurea" and added: "colore adparet haec Tremella nigrescenti quidem, sed subdiaphana est et luci objecta purpurascens." Similar and apparently conspecific is T. mesenteriformis violacea Bull. = T. violacea Pers. T. tinctoria Pers. It to var. (Bull.) = was this form that Bulliard later reduced his T. verticalis (see above). The colours of his variety he described thus: "... dans la jeunesse d'une couleur vineuse melee d'une teinte de violet plus ou moins foncee; elles devient ensuite d'un rouge brun ou noiratre . .; mise en infusion dans de l'eau simple, elle donne couleur d'un beau bistre .." This last led Persoon to call it une rougeatre . point T. tinctoria. Tremella rather succinea. a form . .—Apparently pale-coloured ("pellucida . fuscescente succina") stated in the protologue to be "rarius ad ligna exsiccata". Neuhoff considered this to be the form typical of gymnospermwood. Thisis
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