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BULLETIN 61 Divisions on Your Front Could Fully Satisfy of an Armistice to Comrade GAO GANG in the Korean Army and Chinese Volunteer Troops the Needs of the Front

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BULLETIN 61 Divisions on Your Front Could Fully Satisfy of an Armistice to Comrade GAO GANG in the Korean Army and Chinese Volunteer Troops the Needs of the Front COLD WAR INTERNATIONAL HISTORY PROJECT BULLETIN Issues 6 - 7 Woodrow Wilson International Center Winter 1995/1996 for Scholars, Washington, D.C. THE COLD WAR IN ASIA DRAFT VERSION 2 COLD WAR INTERNATIONAL HISTORY PROJECT BULLETIN The Cold War International History Project The Cold War International History Project was established at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars in Washington, D.C., in 1991 with the help of the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation. The project supports the full and prompt release of historical materials by governments on all sides of the Cold War, and seeks to disseminate new information and perspectives on Cold War history emerging from previously inaccessible sources on “the other side”—the former Communist bloc—through publications, fellowships, and scholarly meetings and conferences. The project is overseen by an advisory committee chaired by Prof. William Taubman (Amherst College) and consisting of Michael Beschloss; Dr. James Billington (Librarian of Congress); Prof. Warren I. Cohen (University of Maryland-Baltimore); Prof. John Lewis Gaddis (Ohio University-Athens); Dr. Samuel F. Wells, Jr. (Deputy Director, Woodrow Wilson Center); and Prof. Sharon Wolchik (George Washington University). Within the Wilson Center, CWIHP is under the Division of International Studies, headed by Ambassador Robert Hutchings, and is directed by Dr. James G. Hershberg. Readers are invited to submit articles, letters and Update items to the Bulletin. Publication of articles does not constitute CWIHP’s endorsement of authors’ views. Copies are available free upon request. Cold War International History Project Bulletin Issues 6-7 (Winter 1995/1996) Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars 1000 Jefferson Drive, SW Washington, D.C. 20560 Tel.: (202) 357-2967 Fax: (202) 357-4439 e-mail: [email protected] Editor: James G. Hershberg Managing Editor: P.J. Simmons Associate Editor: Bonnie Southwick Researchers: Anne Chiorazzi, Helen Christakos, Andrew Grauer, Michelle King, Sara Kirchhoff, Mark Torok Special thanks to: Malcolm Byrne, Chen Jian, Mark Doctoroff, Ilya Gaiduk, Maxim Korobochkin, Mark Kramer, Sasha Mansourov, Christian Ostermann, Priscilla Roberts, Danny Rozas, Kathryn Weathersby, Odd Arne Westad, Vladislav Zubok COLD WAR INTERNATIONAL HISTORY PROJECT BULLETIN 3 Table of Contents Stalin’s Conversations With Chinese Leaders Talks with Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai, 1949-53, with commentaries by Chen Jian, Vojtech Mastny, Odd Arne Westad, and Vladislav Zubok...........................................................................................................................................3 Rivals and Allies: Stalin, Mao, and the Chinese Civil War, January 1949, introduction by Odd Arne Westad.................7 New Evidence on the Korean War New Russian Documents on the Korean War, introduction and translations by Kathryn Weathersby.............................30 China’s Road to the Korean War, by Chen Jian.......................................................................................................................41 Assessing the Politics of the Korean War, 1949-51, by Evgueni Bajanov...............................................................................54 The Shtykov Diaries, by Hyun-su Jeon with Gyoo Kahng.......................................................................................................69 Stalin, Mao, Kim, and China’s Decision to Enter the Korean War, Sept. 16-Oct. 15, 1950: New Evidence from the Russian Archives, article and translations by Alexandre Y. Mansourov................................................................................94 Bruce Cumings and Kathryn Weathersby: An Exchange on Korean War Origins............................................................120 Soviet Interrogation of U.S. POWs in the Korean War, by Laurence Jolidan.....................................................................123 New Chinese Sources Constructing a History of Chinese Communist Party Foreign Relations, by Michael H. Hunt.........................................126 CCP Foreign Relations: A Guide to the Literature, by Michael H. Hunt.............................................................................129 CCP Leaders’ Selected Works and the Historiography of the Chinese Communist Revolution, by Chen Jian...............131 The Second Historical Archives of China, by Gao Hua with Scott Kennedy........................................................................147 New Evidence on Sino-Soviet Relations The Emerging Disputes Betwen Beijing and Moscow: Ten Newly Available Chinese Documents, 1956-1958, introduction, translations, and annotations by Zhang Shu Guang and Chen Jian......................................................................148 Mao on Sino-Soviet Relations: Two Conversations with the Soviet Ambassador, introduction by Odd Arne Westad....157 The Soviet Foreign Ministry Appraisal of Sino-Soviet Relations on the Eve of the Split, by Mark Kramer.....................170 East German Documents on the Sino-Soviet Border Conflict, 1969, by Christian F. Ostermann......................................186 The Cold War in Asia: Khabarovsk Conference Held on Russian Far East, by David L. Wolff........................................191 Soviet Reactions to the Sino-Soviet Border Rift, introduction and translations by Elizabeth Wishnick............................194 Sino-Soviet Tensions, 1980: Two Russian Documents, introduction and translations by Elizabeth Wishnick..................202 New Evidence on Sino-American Relations Mao Zedong’s Handling of the Taiwan Straits Crisis of 1958: Chinese Recollections and Documents, introduction, translations, and annotation by Li Xiaobing, Chen Jian, and David L. Wilson...........................................................................208 Khrushchev’s Nuclear Promise to Beijing during the Crisis, introduction by Vladislav Zubok.........................................219 Mao Zedong and Dulles’s “Peaceful Evolution” Strategy: Revelations from Bo Yibo’s Memoirs, introduction and translation by Qiang Zhai...................................................................................................................................................................228 New Evidence on the Vietnam/Indochina Wars The Vietnam War and Soviet-American Relations, 1964-73: New Russian Evidence, by Ilya V. Gaiduk..........................232 Beijing and the Vietnam Conflict, 1964-1965: New Chinese Evidence, article and translations by Qiang Zhai................233 Polish Secret Peace Initiatives in Vietnam, by Jerzy Michalowski..........................................................................................241 The Cambodian National Archives, by Kenton J. Clymer.......................................................................................................260 Sources on the Khmer Rouge Years: The Cambodian Genocide Program............................................................................260 Research Notes Documenting the Early Soviet Nuclear Weapons Program, by Mark Kramer......................................................................266 Secret East German Report on Chinese Reactions to the 1956 Hungarian Revolt, by Mark Kramer.................................271 Book Reviews G.M. Kornienko, The Cold War: Testimony of a Participant, review by David R. Stone........................................................272 Chen Hansheng, My Life During Four Eras, review by Maochen Yu.....................................................................................274 Robert Zuzowski, Political Dissent and Opposition in Poland: The Workers’ Defense Committee “KOR”, and Ya.Ya. Grishin, Dramaticheskie sobytiya v Pol’she, 1980-1981 gg, review by Mark Kramer....................................................................277 Response: Sudoplatov Controversy (cont.), More on 1956 Polish & Hungarian Crises............................................................280 Update.................................................................................................................................................................................................286 4 COLD WAR INTERNATIONAL HISTORY PROJECT BULLETIN STALIN’S CONVERSATIONS Talks With Mao Zedong, December 1949-January 1950, And With Zhou Enlai, August-September 1952 with commentaries by Chen Jian, Vojtech Mastny, Odd Arne Westad, and Vladislav Zubok This issue of the Cold War International History Project ter between these two communist titans and major figures of Bulletin leads off with translations of five meetings between 20th-century world history. Soviet leader Joseph Stalin and top leaders (Mao Zedong and Next come three transcripts of conversations in Moscow Zhou Enlai) of the newly-created People’s Republic of between Stalin and Chinese Prime Minister Zhou Enlai in China (PRC) between 1949 and 1952. The originals of the August-September 1952, where issues on the table for discus- documents, which constitute some of the most intimate sion included the ongoing Korean War, Sino-Soviet ties, and the glimpses of the personal interaction between Soviet and relationship of both to the broader Cold War. The transcripts Chinese leaders yet to emerge from the formerly closed yield insights into these issues, and also into the state of mind of archives of the communist world, are kept in the Russian Stalin himself in his final months (he died in March 1953), one Presidential Archives (officially known
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