DOCSLIB.ORG

Pollen Partitioning of Three Species of Convolvulaceae Among Oligolectic Bees in the Caatinga of Brazil

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Pollen Partitioning of Three Species of Convolvulaceae Among Oligolectic Bees in the Caatinga of Brazil Plant Syst Evol (2011) 293:147–159 DOI 10.1007/s00606-011-0432-4 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Pollen partitioning of three species of Convolvulaceae among oligolectic bees in the Caatinga of Brazil Raquel Andre´a Pick • Clemens Schlindwein Received: 29 October 2009 / Accepted: 20 February 2011 / Published online: 20 March 2011 Ó Springer-Verlag 2011 Abstract During the rainy season many species of Keywords Ipomoea Á Emphorini Á Merremia Á Convolvulaceae bloom simultaneously in the Caatinga of Oligolectic bees Á Resource partitioning Á Pollen flow northeast Brazil. In a Caatinga nature reserve we studied pollination and breeding systems of three sympatric species of Convolvulaceae, Ipomoea bahiensis, I. nil, and Merre- Introduction mia aegyptia, focusing on pollen partitioning among flower visitors and pollen flow. The study showed that only oli- When flowers of different species with similar floral traits golectic bees collected pollen and that these species had occur and set flower at the same place and time, they may different preferences among the three species of Convol- attract the same pollinators and compete for their polli- vulaceae: pollen of Ipomoea bahiensis, the only self- nation service (Armbruster and Herzig 1984; Caruso incompatible species, was collected mainly by Melitoma 1999; Levin and Anderson 1970). In bee-pollinated segmentaria, M. osmioides, and Melitomella murihirta; flowers, the relationships of plant species to bees are often pollen of I. nil by Lithurgus huberi; and that of Merremia based on pollen, the main food resource for bee larvae. In aegyptia by Ancyloscelis apiformis and an undescribed some cases such pollen-driven associations involve species of this genus. Introduced honey bees visited only mainly oligolectic bee species. These are pollen special- flowers of Merremia aegyptia, where they were extraor- ists which permanently restrict their pollen-host plants to dinarily frequent flower visitors. However, they discarded closely related taxa of the same family (Robertson 1925; the pollen grains, which led to almost 50% pollen loss. No Westrich 1989). Pollen specializations range from very polylectic bee species compete for pollen with the oligo- rare associations of a bee species to only one plant spe- lectic species. Partitioning of pollen diminishes competi- cies (monolectic bee species) up to multiple species in tion for floral resources in this specialized plant–pollinator several genera of the same plant family (broadly oligo- association. lectic bee species) (Cane and Sipes 2006; Robertson 1925). An example of an association between several oligo- lectic bee species with several plant species within one R. A. Pick family is found in the Convolvulaceae, a large family Programa de Po´s-Graduac¸a˜o em Cieˆncias Biolo´gicas (Zoologia), (about 2,000 species) of vines, herbs, shrubs, and occa- Universidade Federal da Paraı´ba—UFPB, sionally trees, occurring mainly in tropical regions (Souza Joa˜o Pessoa, PB 58059-900, Brazil and Lorenzi 2005). The huge genus Ipomoea is estimated e-mail: [email protected] to comprise a total of 600–700 species worldwide and up to C. Schlindwein (&) 500 species in the New World (Austin and Hua´man 1996). Departamento de Botaˆnica, Laborato´rio Plebeia—Ecologia de Other than a few sphingophilous and ornithophilous Abelhas e da Polinizac¸a˜o, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, species, the genus shows almost exclusively melittophilous Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, s/n, Cidade Universita´ria, Recife, PE 50670-901, Brazil flowers. Numerous oligolectic species, especially of the e-mail: [email protected] Neotropical tribe Emphorini (Apidae), were shown to be 123 148 R. A. Pick, C. Schlindwein the main flower visitors of Ipomoea species. These are Morphology and flower biology medium-sized ground-nesting solitary bees of the genera Melitoma, Ancyloscelis, and Ptilothrix (Alves-dos-Santos At the nature reserve, 17 species of Convolvulaceae occur, 1999; Austin 1978; Ducke 1908, 1910; Kiill and Ranga belonging to the genera Jacquemontia (2), Cuscuta (1), 2000a, b; Linsley and MacSwain 1957; Linsley et al. 1980; Evolvulus (3), Ipomoea (9), Merremia (1), and Operculina Maimoni-Rodella and Rodella 1992; Maiomani-Rodella (1) (R. Teixeira, unpublished data). In this study, we et al. 1982; Michener et al. 1994; Pinheiro and Schlindw- selected the three most abundant species of Convolvula- ein 1998; Schlindwein 1998). ceae at the study site, all climbers: Ipomoea bahiensis, In the Caatinga, a widespread tropical dry forest in endemic to eastern Brazil, and very common in northeast northeastern Brazil which is characterized by a severe Brazil and Minas Gerais; I. nil, with a pantropical distri- annual drought, Convolvulaceae is, with a total of 103 bution; and Merremia aegyptia, which occurs from south- species, including 21 endemic species, the second most ern Mexico to northern Argentina (Sima˜o-Bianchini 2002). species-rich family (Giulietti et al. 2006; Sima˜o-Bianchini The species show a cornucopia flowering pattern (Gentry 2002) and a characteristic element of flowering Caatinga. 1974), and produce numerous flowers per day and plant The species, however, set flower only during the short during the rainy season. rainy season. In general, several species of the family For each species, we collected 15 flowers from different flower during the same period and time of day at a given plants to describe floral morphology and measure the place in Caatinga. The seasonal pattern of flowering of length of the nectar chamber (from the base of the nectary the Caatinga plants is accompanied by the seasonal disk to the insertion point of the filaments to the flower activity of most bee species, many occurring only during tube), stamens, styles, flower tube, floral diameter, and the rainy season (Aguiar and Martins 1997; Aguiar and diameter of flower tube. A digital calliper was used for Zanella 2005; Zanella and Martins 2003). This might measuring. Time of flower opening, stigmatic receptivity, increase competition for floral resources of flower-visiting anther dehiscence, and duration of flower longevity were bees and lead to resource partitioning among sympatric determined in 30 previously bagged and marked flowers. species. Stigma receptivity was determined following Kearns and In a Caatinga nature reserve of Rio Grande do Norte, Inouye (1993). northeast Brazil, we studied the pollination of three We made pollen reference slides of the Convolvulaceae co-occurring melittophilous species of Convolvulaceae, species and measured the diameter of 300 grains per spe- Ipomoea bahiensis Willd. ex Roem. & Schult., I. nil (L.) cies (including spine length) under a light microscope Roth, and Merremia aegyptia (L.) Urban and asked: How (4009 magnification). The total number of pollen grains are plant–pollinator associations characterized? Which per flower was determined in 10 flowers of different plant flower visitors are effective pollinators? How is pollen individuals per species. The anthers were opened on a Petri partitioned among the bee species? dish, and the pollen grains were stained with basic fuchsin and counted under a stereo microscope (Wild) with a manual counter. Ovules from 20 flowers were counted, and Materials and methods the pollen-to-ovule ratio was determined. To determine pollen viability, grains from ten flowers of Study area different plant individuals per species were removed from the anthers, fixed with FAA (formaldehyde 38% 5 parts— The study was conducted at the Estac¸a˜o Ecolo´gica de Se- glacial acetic acid 5 parts—ethanol 70% 90 parts), and rido´ nature reserve (ESEC-Serido´/IBAMA) situated in the transferred to microscope slides containing carmine acetate municipality of Serra Negra do Norte in the State of Rio (1.2%). Three hundred grains were counted per sample, Grande do Norte, Brazil (06°350–06°400S and 37°200– distinguishing between stained (viable) and unstained 37°390W) at altitude of approximately 170 m. Climate is (nonviable) pollen grains (Kearns and Inouye 1993). tropical hot (mean annual temperature 28°C) with a rainy Plant vouchers are housed at the Herbarium UFP Ger- season from January to June (mean annual rainfall aldo Mariz at the Federal University of Pernambuco— 497 mm). In rainy years, annual precipitation exceeds UFPE, Recife. 1,000 mm and in dry years remains below 300 mm (Ibama 1989; Barcellos and Paupitz 1992). The reserve covers Breeding system 1,166.38 ha of arboreal Caatinga vegetation (Duque 1973). Trees and shrubs maintain their leaves only during the To determine the breeding system of Ipomoea bahiensis, rainy season, and the herbaceous layer is dominated by I. nil, and Merremia aegyptia we conducted a controlled therophytes. pollination experiment (spontaneous self-pollination, hand 123 Pollen partitioning of three species of Convolvulaceae 149 self-pollination, hand cross-pollination) in 30 previously Pollen flow bagged flowers of different plant individuals per species and treatment. The hand cross-pollinated flowers were In 10 flowers per species of different individuals, we quan- emasculated before anthesis, and the flowers were polli- tified the pollen grains remaining in the flower at the end of nated with pollen from donors at least 300 m distant from anthesis, differentiating the number of grains adhering to the focal plants, using pollen grains from three anthers of anthers and petals. Moreover, we counted the number of different plant individuals. Another 40 control flowers per conspecific pollen grains deposited on the stigma surface. species were marked and kept open, accessible
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Classification of the Apidae (Hymenoptera)
    Utah State University DigitalCommons@USU Mi Bee Lab 9-21-1990 Classification of the Apidae (Hymenoptera) Charles D. Michener University of Kansas Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/bee_lab_mi Part of the Entomology Commons Recommended Citation Michener, Charles D., "Classification of the Apidae (Hymenoptera)" (1990). Mi. Paper 153. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/bee_lab_mi/153 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Bee Lab at DigitalCommons@USU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Mi by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@USU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 4 WWvyvlrWryrXvW-WvWrW^^ I • • •_ ••^«_«).•>.• •.*.« THE UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS SCIENC5;^ULLETIN LIBRARY Vol. 54, No. 4, pp. 75-164 Sept. 21,1990 OCT 23 1990 HARVARD Classification of the Apidae^ (Hymenoptera) BY Charles D. Michener'^ Appendix: Trigona genalis Friese, a Hitherto Unplaced New Guinea Species BY Charles D. Michener and Shoichi F. Sakagami'^ CONTENTS Abstract 76 Introduction 76 Terminology and Materials 77 Analysis of Relationships among Apid Subfamilies 79 Key to the Subfamilies of Apidae 84 Subfamily Meliponinae 84 Description, 84; Larva, 85; Nest, 85; Social Behavior, 85; Distribution, 85 Relationships among Meliponine Genera 85 History, 85; Analysis, 86; Biogeography, 96; Behavior, 97; Labial palpi, 99; Wing venation, 99; Male genitalia, 102; Poison glands, 103; Chromosome numbers, 103; Convergence, 104; Classificatory questions, 104 Fossil Meliponinae 105 Meliponorytes,
    [Show full text]
  • Convolvulaceae1
    Photograph: Helen Owens © Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources, Government of South Australia Department of All rights reserved Environment, Copyright of illustrations might reside with other institutions or Water and individuals. Please enquire for details. Natural Resources Contact: Dr Jürgen Kellermann Editor, Flora of South Australia (ed. 5) State Herbarium of South Australia PO Box 2732 Kent Town SA 5071 Australia email: [email protected] Flora of South Australia 5th Edition | Edited by Jürgen Kellermann CONVOLVULACEAE1 R.W. Johnson2 Annual or perennial herbs or shrubs, often with trailing or twining stems, or leafless parasites; leaves alternate, exstipulate. Inflorescence axillary, rarely terminal, cymose or reduced to a single flower; flowers regular, (4) 5 (6)-merous, bisexual; sepals free or rarely united, quincuncial; corolla sympetalous, funnel-shaped or campanulate, occasionally rotate or salver-shaped; stamens adnate to the base of the corolla, alternating with the corolla lobes, filaments usually flattened and dilated downwards; anthers 2-celled, dehiscing longitudinally; ovary superior, mostly 2-celled, occasionally with 1, 3 or 4 cells, subtended by a disk; ovules 2, rarely 1, in each cell; styles 1 or 2, stigmas variously shaped. Fruit capsular. About 58 genera and 1,650 species mainly tropical and subtropical; in Australia 20 genera, 1 endemic, with c. 160 species, 17 naturalised. The highly modified parasitic species of Cuscuta are sometimes placed in a separate family, the Cuscutaceae. 1. Yellowish leafless parasitic twiners ...................................................................................................................... 5. Cuscuta 1: Green leafy plants 2. Ovary distinctly 2-lobed; styles 2, inserted between the lobes of ovary (gynobasic style); leaves often kidney-shaped .............................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Pollination of Cultivated Plants in the Tropics 111 Rrun.-Co Lcfcnow!Cdgmencle
    ISSN 1010-1365 0 AGRICULTURAL Pollination of SERVICES cultivated plants BUL IN in the tropics 118 Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FAO 6-lina AGRICULTUTZ4U. ionof SERNES cultivated plans in tetropics Edited by David W. Roubik Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Balboa, Panama Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations F'Ø Rome, 1995 The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. M-11 ISBN 92-5-103659-4 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. Applications for such permission, with a statement of the purpose and extent of the reproduction, should be addressed to the Director, Publications Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00100 Rome, Italy. FAO 1995 PlELi. uion are ted PlauAr David W. Roubilli (edita Footli-anal ISgt-iieulture Organization of the Untled Nations Contributors Marco Accorti Makhdzir Mardan Istituto Sperimentale per la Zoologia Agraria Universiti Pertanian Malaysia Cascine del Ricci° Malaysian Bee Research Development Team 50125 Firenze, Italy 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia Stephen L. Buchmann John K. S. Mbaya United States Department of Agriculture National Beekeeping Station Carl Hayden Bee Research Center P.
    [Show full text]
  • Diversity of Ipomoea (Convolvulaceae) in Some of the Regions of Maharashtra
    Int. J. of Life Sciences, Special Issue A3 | September, 2015 ISSN: 2320-7817 |eISSN: 2320-964X RESEARCH ARTICLE Diversity of Ipomoea (Convolvulaceae) in some of the regions of Maharashtra Undirwade DN1, BhadaneVV2 and Baviskar PS 1B.P. Arts, S.M.A. Science & K.K.C. Commerce. College, Chalisgaon, Dist.-Jalgaon, Maharshtra, India 2Pratap College, Amalner, Dist.-Jalgaon, Maharshtra, India * Corresponding author Email: [email protected] Manuscript details: ABSTRACT Available online on The present study deals with genus Ipomoea of family Convolvulaceaefrom http://www.ijlsci.in various regions of Maharashtra state. A total of 17 species of the genus have been collected from various localities of state Maharashtra on the collections ISSN: 2320-964X (Online) made between 2013 and 2015 from different parts. The present paper ISSN: 2320-7817 (Print) illustrates the diversity and morphology of the species of Ipomoea, which are separated from each other on the basis of their morphological characters. Editor: Dr. Arvind Chavhan Keywords: Diversity, Ipomoea, Convolvulaceae, Maharashtra. Cite this article as: Undirwade DN, Bhadane VV and Baviskar PS (2015) Diversity of Ipomoea (Convolvulaceae) in some of INTRODUCTION the regions of Maharashtra, International J. of Life Sciences, The family Convolvulaceae is known as morning glory family. About Special issue, A3: 136-139. 2000 species of 58 genera are distributed overall the world, mainly in the tropics and subtropics region (Staple and Yang, 1998). More than one third of Copyright: © Author, This is the species are included into major genera Ipomoea and Convolvulus an open access article under (Conquist, 1988). Genus Ipomoea represented by 650 species distributed the terms of the Creative worldwide (Mabberley, 1997).
    [Show full text]
  • Components of Nest Provisioning Behavior in Solitary Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea)*
    Apidologie 39 (2008) 30–45 Available online at: c INRA/DIB-AGIB/ EDP Sciences, 2008 www.apidologie.org DOI: 10.1051/apido:2007055 Review article Components of nest provisioning behavior in solitary bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea)* John L. Neff Central Texas Melittological Institute, 7307 Running Rope, Austin, Texas 78731, USA Received 13 June 2007 – Revised 28 September 2007 – Accepted 1 October 2007 Abstract – The components of nest provisioning behavior (resources per cell, transport capacity, trip dura- tion, trips per cell) are examined for a data set derived from the literature and various unpublished studies. While there is a trade-off between transport capacity and trips required per cell, the highest provisioning rates are achieved by bees carrying very large pollen loads at intermediate trip durations. Most solitary bees appear to be either egg or resource limited, so sustained provisioning rates over one cell per day are unusual. Provisioning rate / body size / transport capacity / solitary bees / trip duration 1. INTRODUCTION tradeoffs between provisioning one large cell or two small cells direct, indirect, or nonex- There is a vast literature on the foraging tac- istent? Are provisioning rates related to body tics of bees: what kinds of flowers to visit, how size? long to spend on a flower, how many flowers Provisioning rate is a general term and can in an inflorescence to visit, when to turn, and simply refer to the rate (mass per unit time) so forth. Much of this work is done within a at which foragers bring various food items framework of whether a forager should max- (pollen, nectar, oils, carrion, or whatever) to imize harvesting rate or foraging efficiency their nests.
    [Show full text]
  • Effects of Invasive Plant Species on Native Bee Communities in the Southern Great Plains
    EFFECTS OF INVASIVE PLANT SPECIES ON NATIVE BEE COMMUNITIES IN THE SOUTHERN GREAT PLAINS By KAITLIN M. O’BRIEN Bachelor of Science in Rangeland Ecology & Management Texas A&M University College Station, Texas 2015 Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate College of the Oklahoma State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE May, 2017 EFFECTS OF INVASIVE PLANT SPECIES ON NATIVE BEE COMMUNITIES IN THE SOUTHERN GREAT PLAINS Thesis Approved: Dr. Kristen A. Baum Thesis Adviser Dr. Karen R. Hickman Dr. Dwayne Elmore ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to begin by thanking my advisor, Dr. Kristen Baum, for all of her guidance and expertise throughout this research project. She is an exemplary person to work with, and I am so grateful to have shared my graduate school experience with her. I would also like to recognize my committee members, Dr. Karen Hickman and Dr. Dwayne Elmore, both of whom provided valuable insight to this project. A huge thank you goes out to the Southern Plains Network of the National Park Service, specifically Robert Bennetts and Tomye Folts-Zettner. Without them, this project would not exist, and I am forever grateful to have been involved with their network and parks, both as a research student and summer crew member. A special thank you for Jonathin Horsely, who helped with plot selection, summer sampling, and getting my gear around. I would also like to thank the Baum Lab members, always offering their support and guidance as we navigated through graduate school. And lastly, I would like to thank my family, especially my fiancé Garrett, for believing in me and supporting me as I pursued my goals.
    [Show full text]
  • Species List For: Valley View Glades NA 418 Species
    Species List for: Valley View Glades NA 418 Species Jefferson County Date Participants Location NA List NA Nomination and subsequent visits Jefferson County Glade Complex NA List from Gass, Wallace, Priddy, Chmielniak, T. Smith, Ladd & Glore, Bogler, MPF Hikes 9/24/80, 10/2/80, 7/10/85, 8/8/86, 6/2/87, 1986, and 5/92 WGNSS Lists Webster Groves Nature Study Society Fieldtrip Jefferson County Glade Complex Participants WGNSS Vascular Plant List maintained by Steve Turner Species Name (Synonym) Common Name Family COFC COFW Acalypha virginica Virginia copperleaf Euphorbiaceae 2 3 Acer rubrum var. undetermined red maple Sapindaceae 5 0 Acer saccharinum silver maple Sapindaceae 2 -3 Acer saccharum var. undetermined sugar maple Sapindaceae 5 3 Achillea millefolium yarrow Asteraceae/Anthemideae 1 3 Aesculus glabra var. undetermined Ohio buckeye Sapindaceae 5 -1 Agalinis skinneriana (Gerardia) midwestern gerardia Orobanchaceae 7 5 Agalinis tenuifolia (Gerardia, A. tenuifolia var. common gerardia Orobanchaceae 4 -3 macrophylla) Ageratina altissima var. altissima (Eupatorium rugosum) white snakeroot Asteraceae/Eupatorieae 2 3 Agrimonia pubescens downy agrimony Rosaceae 4 5 Agrimonia rostellata woodland agrimony Rosaceae 4 3 Allium canadense var. mobilense wild garlic Liliaceae 7 5 Allium canadense var. undetermined wild garlic Liliaceae 2 3 Allium cernuum wild onion Liliaceae 8 5 Allium stellatum wild onion Liliaceae 6 5 * Allium vineale field garlic Liliaceae 0 3 Ambrosia artemisiifolia common ragweed Asteraceae/Heliantheae 0 3 Ambrosia bidentata lanceleaf ragweed Asteraceae/Heliantheae 0 4 Ambrosia trifida giant ragweed Asteraceae/Heliantheae 0 -1 Amelanchier arborea var. arborea downy serviceberry Rosaceae 6 3 Amorpha canescens lead plant Fabaceae/Faboideae 8 5 Amphicarpaea bracteata hog peanut Fabaceae/Faboideae 4 0 Andropogon gerardii var.
    [Show full text]
  • Species List For: Labarque Creek CA 750 Species Jefferson County Date Participants Location 4/19/2006 Nels Holmberg Plant Survey
    Species List for: LaBarque Creek CA 750 Species Jefferson County Date Participants Location 4/19/2006 Nels Holmberg Plant Survey 5/15/2006 Nels Holmberg Plant Survey 5/16/2006 Nels Holmberg, George Yatskievych, and Rex Plant Survey Hill 5/22/2006 Nels Holmberg and WGNSS Botany Group Plant Survey 5/6/2006 Nels Holmberg Plant Survey Multiple Visits Nels Holmberg, John Atwood and Others LaBarque Creek Watershed - Bryophytes Bryophte List compiled by Nels Holmberg Multiple Visits Nels Holmberg and Many WGNSS and MONPS LaBarque Creek Watershed - Vascular Plants visits from 2005 to 2016 Vascular Plant List compiled by Nels Holmberg Species Name (Synonym) Common Name Family COFC COFW Acalypha monococca (A. gracilescens var. monococca) one-seeded mercury Euphorbiaceae 3 5 Acalypha rhomboidea rhombic copperleaf Euphorbiaceae 1 3 Acalypha virginica Virginia copperleaf Euphorbiaceae 2 3 Acer negundo var. undetermined box elder Sapindaceae 1 0 Acer rubrum var. undetermined red maple Sapindaceae 5 0 Acer saccharinum silver maple Sapindaceae 2 -3 Acer saccharum var. undetermined sugar maple Sapindaceae 5 3 Achillea millefolium yarrow Asteraceae/Anthemideae 1 3 Actaea pachypoda white baneberry Ranunculaceae 8 5 Adiantum pedatum var. pedatum northern maidenhair fern Pteridaceae Fern/Ally 6 1 Agalinis gattingeri (Gerardia) rough-stemmed gerardia Orobanchaceae 7 5 Agalinis tenuifolia (Gerardia, A. tenuifolia var. common gerardia Orobanchaceae 4 -3 macrophylla) Ageratina altissima var. altissima (Eupatorium rugosum) white snakeroot Asteraceae/Eupatorieae 2 3 Agrimonia parviflora swamp agrimony Rosaceae 5 -1 Agrimonia pubescens downy agrimony Rosaceae 4 5 Agrimonia rostellata woodland agrimony Rosaceae 4 3 Agrostis elliottiana awned bent grass Poaceae/Aveneae 3 5 * Agrostis gigantea redtop Poaceae/Aveneae 0 -3 Agrostis perennans upland bent Poaceae/Aveneae 3 1 Allium canadense var.
    [Show full text]
  • The Very Handy Bee Manual
    The Very Handy Manual: How to Catch and Identify Bees and Manage a Collection A Collective and Ongoing Effort by Those Who Love to Study Bees in North America Last Revised: October, 2010 This manual is a compilation of the wisdom and experience of many individuals, some of whom are directly acknowledged here and others not. We thank all of you. The bulk of the text was compiled by Sam Droege at the USGS Native Bee Inventory and Monitoring Lab over several years from 2004-2008. We regularly update the manual with new information, so, if you have a new technique, some additional ideas for sections, corrections or additions, we would like to hear from you. Please email those to Sam Droege ([email protected]). You can also email Sam if you are interested in joining the group’s discussion group on bee monitoring and identification. Many thanks to Dave and Janice Green, Tracy Zarrillo, and Liz Sellers for their many hours of editing this manual. "They've got this steamroller going, and they won't stop until there's nobody fishing. What are they going to do then, save some bees?" - Mike Russo (Massachusetts fisherman who has fished cod for 18 years, on environmentalists)-Provided by Matthew Shepherd Contents Where to Find Bees ...................................................................................................................................... 2 Nets ............................................................................................................................................................. 2 Netting Technique ......................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Aullwood's Prairie Plants
    Aullwood's Prairie Plants Taxonomy and nomenclature generally follow: Gleason, H.A. and A. Cronquist. 1991. Manual of Vascular Plants of the Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada. Second ed. The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, N.Y. 910 pp. Based on a list compiled by Jeff Knoop, 1981; revised November 1997. 29 Families, 104 Species (98 Native Species, 6 Non-Native Species) Angiosperms Dicotyledons Ranunculaceae - Buttercup Family Anemone canadensis - Canada Anemone Anemone virginiana - Thimble Flower Fagaceae - Oak Family Quercus macrocarpa - Bur Oak Caryophyllaceae - Pink Family Silene noctiflora - Night Flowering Catchfly* Dianthus armeria - Deptford Pink* Lychnis alba - White Campion* (not in Gleason and Cronquist) Clusiaceae - St. John's Wort Family Hypericum perforatum - Common St. John's Wort* Hypericum punctatum - Spotted St. John's Wort Primulaceae - Ebony Family Dodecatheon media - Shooting Star Mimosacea Mimosa Family Desmanthus illinoensis - Prairie Mimosa Caesalpiniaceae Caesalpinia Family Chaemaecrista fasiculata - Partridge Pea Fabaceae - Pea Family Baptisia bracteata - Creamy False Indigo Baptisia tinctoria - False Wild Indigo+ Baptisia leucantha (alba?) - White False Indigo Lupinus perennis - Wild Lupine Desmodium illinoense - Illinois Tick Trefoil Desmodium canescens - Hoary Tick Trefoil Lespedeza virginica - Slender-leaved Bush Clover Lespedeza capitata - Round-headed Bush Clover Amorpha canescens - Lead Plant Dacea purpureum - Purple Prairie Clover Dacea candidum - White Prairie Clover Amphicarpa bracteata
    [Show full text]
  • Hymenoptera: Apidae: Emphorini) Revista De La Sociedad Entomológica Argentina, Vol
    Revista de la Sociedad Entomológica Argentina ISSN: 0373-5680 [email protected] Sociedad Entomológica Argentina Argentina ROIG ALSINA, Arturo A review of the albidohirta group of Ptilothrix (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Emphorini) Revista de la Sociedad Entomológica Argentina, vol. 66, núm. 3-4, 2007, pp. 113-119 Sociedad Entomológica Argentina Buenos Aires, Argentina Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=322028491014 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative ISSN 0373-5680 Rev. Soc. Entomol. Argent. 66 (3-4): 113-119, 2007 113 A review of the albidohirta group of Ptilothrix (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Emphorini) ROIG ALSINA, Arturo Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales «Bernardino Rivadavia,» Av. Angel Gallardo 470, 1405 Buenos Aires, Argentina; e-mail: [email protected] Revisión del grupo albidohirta de Ptilothrix (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Emphorini) RESUMEN. El grupo albidohirta de Ptilothrix Smith incluye tres especies: Ptilothrix albidohirta Brèthes, P. concolor sp. nov. y P. nemoralis sp. nov. Este grupo se conoce del oeste y norte de la Argentina y del centro de Bolivia. Una de sus especies, P. albidohirta, llega hasta los 3.600 m s.n.m. en la cordillera de los Andes, en tanto que las otras dos especies habitan en el llano. Se caracteriza el grupo y se describen e ilustran las especies. PALABRAS CLAVE. Abejas. Emphorini. Argentina. Bolivia. ABSTRACT. The albidohirta group of Ptilothrix Smith includes three species: Ptilothrix albidohirta Brèthes, P.
    [Show full text]
  • Scenarios for Pollinator Habitat at Denver International Airport
    Scenarios for Pollinator Habitat at Denver International Airport by Tiantong Gu (Landscape Architecture) Xuan Jin (Landscape Architecture) Jiayang Li (Landscape Architecture) Annemarie McDonald (Conservation Ecology) Chang Ni (Conservation Ecology) Client: Sasaki Adviser: Professor Joan Nassauer Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degrees of Master of Landscape Architecture and Master of Natural Resources and Environment at the University of Michigan School for Environment and Sustainability April 17th 2018 Acknowledgments We would like to thank our adviser, Joan Nassauer, for her patience and thoughtful advice throughout the course of this project. We would also like to thank Tao Zhang, our client liaison, for his critiques and suggestions. We are grateful to the staff at the Rocky Mountain Arsenal National Wildlife Refuge, especially Tom Wall, and the Applewood Seed Company for their assistance in the planting designs in this project. Funding for our project was provided by University of Michigan School for Environment and Sustainability. Finally, we would like to thank all of our families for their support and encouragement during this process. Table of Contents Contents Habitat Corridor Scenarios 71 Scenario Performance Hypothesis 71 Abstract 7 Development Pattern 80 Landscape Element Typologies 82 Introduction 8 Reserach Goals 12 Scenario Assessment 87 InVEST Crop Pollination Model 87 Literature Review 13 Pollinator Guild Table 87 The Shortgrass Prairie Ecosystem 13 Biophysical Table 89 Airport Impacts on
    [Show full text]