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Multilateral Peace Operations and the Challenges of Organized Crime
SIPRI Background Paper February 2018 MULTILATERAL PEACE PROJECT SUMMARY w The New Geopolitics of Peace OPERATIONS AND THE Operations III: Non‑traditional Security Challenges initiative CHALLENGES OF was launched with support from the Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland, co‑sponsored ORGANIZED CRIME by Ethiopia, and in continued partnership with the Friedrich‑ jaÏr van der lijn Ebert‑Stiftung (FES). This phase of the initiative seeks to enhance understanding I. Introduction about peace operations and non‑traditional security Multilateral peace operations are increasingly confronting a set of challenges such as terrorism interrelated and mutually reinforcing security challenges that are relatively and violent extremism, new to them, that do not respect borders, and that have causes and effects irregular migration, piracy, which cut right across the international security, peacebuilding and organized crime and environmental degradation. It development agendas.1 Organized crime provides one of the most prominent aims to identify the various examples of these ‘non-traditional’ security challenges.2 perceptions, positions and There are many different definitions of organized crime depending on the interests of the relevant context, sector and organization. The United Nations Convention against stakeholders, as well as to Transnational Organized Crime defines an ‘organized criminal group’ as stimulate open dialogue, ‘a structured group of three or more persons, existing for a period of time cooperation and mutual and acting in concert with the aim of committing one or more serious crimes understanding by engaging key or offences . in order to obtain, directly or indirectly, a financial or other stakeholders and mapping the material benefit’.3 However, this definition is not unchallenged. -
Mapping Study on Gender and Security Sector Reform Actors and Activities in Liberia Cecil Griffi Ths
Mapping Study on Gender and Security Sector Reform Actors and Activities in Liberia Cecil Griffi ths DCAF DCAF a centre for security, development and the rule of law About the Author Cecil Griffiths served in the Liberia National Police from 1980 to 1997 in different capacities including as detective, chief statistician, police instructor, administrative assistant to the director of police, and chief of planning and research. He was a criminal justice instructor for ten years at the AME Zion University College in Liberia. Cecil Griffiths is the founder and president of the Liberia National Law Enforcement Association, and the founder of the National Coalition of Civil Society Organizations of Liberia. He is also the director of the Center for Criminal Justice Research and Education and the coordinator for the Liberia Civil Society Working Group on Security Sector Reform. In addition, he presides over the Musicians Union of Liberia, and Chair of Musicians United for Peace, Democracy and Development In Africa. Cecil Griffiths has an academic background in statistics, journalism and professional writing, criminal investigation and evidence, music and paralegal studies. He is presently studying criminology with the Cambridge Open College. Editors Anike Doherty and Aiko Holvikivi of DCAF The Liberia National Law Enforcement Association (LINLEA) LINLEA is a non‐partisan and non‐profit organisation representing the interests of Liberian law enforcement personnel. It provides a national platform for the exchange of information among police officers, immigration and fire service personnel, corrections officers and industrial and private security personnel. Through its core programmes LINLEA promotes and enhances professionalism in Liberia’s security sector institutions (SSIs); monitors SSIs’ compliance with accepted standards relating to professional conduct and respect for human rights; advocates for improved working environments for security sector personnel; and protects the rights of Liberian law enforcement personnel. -
The Effectiveness of Police Accountability Mechanisms and Programs What Works and the Way Ahead
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF POLICE ACCOUNTABILITY MECHANISMS AND PROGRAMS WHAT WORKS AND THE WAY AHEAD August 2020 DISCLAIMER The authors’ views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the United States Agency for International Development or the United States government. THE EFFECTIVENESS OF POLICE ACCOUNTABILITY MECHANISMS AND PROGRAMS WHAT WORKS AND THE WAY AHEAD Contract No. AID-OAA-I-13-00032, Task Order No. AID-OAA-TO-14-00041 Cover photo (top left): An Egyptian anti-Mubarak protestor holds up scales of justice in front of riot police. (Credit: Khaled Desouki, Agence France-Presse) Cover photo (top right): Royal Malaysian Police deputy inspector-general looks on as Selangor state police chief points to a journalist during a press conference. (Credit: Mohd Rasfan, Agence France-Presse) Cover photo (bottom left): Indian traffic police officer poses with a body-worn video camera. (Credit: Sam Panthaky, Agence France-Presse) Cover photo (bottom right): Indonesian anti-riot police take position to disperse a mob during an overnight-violent demonstration. (Credit: Bay Ismoyo, Agence France-Presse) DISCLAIMER The authors’ views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the United States Agency for International Development or the United States government. CONTENTS Acknowledgements .................................................................................................................. ii Acronyms ..................................................................................................................................ii -
MOE Steve Ijames
27-CR-20-12953 Filed in District Court State of Minnesota 1/14/2021 1:33 PM Steve Ijames EDUCATION • Bachelor of Science degree in Criminal Justice Administration, Drury University, Springfield, Missouri • Master of Science Degree in Public Administration, City University, Bellevue, Washington • Graduate, Missouri State Highway Patrol Law Enforcement Academy • Graduate, Missouri State Highway Patrol undercover narcotics investigator training program. • Graduate, Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) undercover narcotics investigator training program. • Graduate, Mid States Organized Crime Information Center (MOCIC) narcotic investigators Criminal Intelligence Techniques training program. • Graduate, Springfield, Missouri Police Department Academy • Graduate, 186th FBI National Academy LAW ENFORCEMENT/PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE Poplar Bluff, Missouri Police Department • April 1979 through February 1981-Patrol Officer • February 1981 through August 1982-Narcotics Detective Springfield, Missouri Police Department • August 1982-1000 hour Springfield Police academy training • January 1983-uniformed patrol officer • September 1985-undercover narcotics investigator and Federal Drug Task Force member-Commissioned Deputy Untied States Marshal • October 1987-uniformed patrol • July 1988-Detective-criminal investigations and undercover narcotics investigations • September 1989-Sergeant-criminal investigations • April 1990-Crisis Action Team leader/sergeant (SWAT) • December 1992-Lieutenant, Special Operations Commander-overseeing all SWAT and narcotics -
Evolution of Police Monitoring in Peace Operations
12 Evolution of police monitoring in peace operations J. Matthew Vaccaro ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ C are often conducted in failed states or in those emerging from civil conflict. In these environments, the local criminal justice system has often been largely destroyed or has become otherwise ineffective as a result of widespread corruption among its constituent parts and/or their involve- ment in the war. This problem is exemplified by the state of indigenous police forces at the beginning of recent peace operations. In Somalia, for instance, the police were inoperative: they left their posts when a central government failed to emerge after President Siad Barre was deposed in 1991. In Haiti, the police were integrated into the armed forces and used by the ruling junta to repress the popula- tion. When the multinational peacekeeping force arrived in September 1994 and broke the regime’s stranglehold, police officers stopped doing their jobs and assumed a defensive posture, fearing that ordinary citizens would seek retribution. In Bosnia- Herzegovina, where police forces had been segregated along ethnic lines and had participated in the sectarian conflict, the police attempted to continue the fighting through intimidation and thuggery throughout the tenure of the United Nations Protection Force () (1992–95). In the ethnically polarised Kosovo conflict, the police were a primary player in the ‘ethnic cleansing’ and were forced to leave the province as part of the settlement granting access to North Atlantic Treaty Organization () troops and the establishment of a United Nations () administration. Furthermore, in each of these situations the other components of the criminal justice system—the courts, prisons and, in a less tangible way, the laws of state—were also absent, ineffective or unjust. -
Haiti Earthquake: Crisis and Response
Haiti Earthquake: Crisis and Response Rhoda Margesson Specialist in International Humanitarian Policy Maureen Taft-Morales Specialist in Latin American Affairs February 2, 2010 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R41023 CRS Report for Congress Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress Haiti Earthquake: Crisis and Response Summary The largest earthquake ever recorded in Haiti devastated parts of the country, including the capital, on January 12, 2010. The quake, centered about 15 miles southwest of Port-au-Prince, had a magnitude of 7.0. A series of strong aftershocks have followed. The damage is severe and catastrophic. It is estimated that 3 million people, approximately one third of the overall population, have been affected by the earthquake. The Government of Haiti is reporting an estimated 112,000 deaths and 194,000 injured. In the immediate wake of the earthquake, President Preval described conditions in his country as “unimaginable,” and appealed for international assistance. As immediate needs are met and the humanitarian relief operation continues, the government is struggling to restore the institutions needed for it to function, ensure political stability, and address long-term reconstruction and development planning. Prior to the earthquake, the international community was providing extensive development and humanitarian assistance to Haiti. With that assistance, the Haitian government had made significant progress in recent years in many areas of its development strategy. The destruction of Haiti’s nascent infrastructure and other extensive damage caused by the earthquake will set back Haiti’s development significantly. Haiti’s long-term development plans will need to be revised. The sheer scale of the relief effort in Haiti has brought together tremendous capacity and willingness to help. -
Examining the Urban Dimension of the Security Sector
Examining the Urban Dimension of the Security Sector Research Report Project Title: Providing Security in Urban Environments: The Role of Security Sector Governance and Reform Project supported by the Folke Bernadotte Academy (FBA) and the Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces (DCAF) February 2018 Authors (in alphabetical order): Andrea Florence de Mello Aguiar, Lea Ellmanns, Ulrike Franke, Praveen Gunaseelan, Gustav Meibauer, Carmen Müller, Albrecht Schnabel, Usha Trepp, Raphaël Zaffran, Raphael Zumsteg 1 Table of Contents Table of Contents Authors Acknowledgements List of Abbreviations 1 Introduction: The New Urban Security Disorder 1.1 Puzzle and research problem 1.2 Purpose and research objectives 1.3 Research questions 1.4 Research hypotheses 1.5 Methodology 1.6 Outline of the project report 2 Studying the Security Sector in Urban Environments 2.1 Defining the urban context 2.2 Urbanisation trends 2.3 Urban security challenges 2.4 Security provision in urban contexts 2.5 The ‘generic’ urban security sector 2.6 Defining SSG and SSR: from national to urban contexts 3 The Urban SSG/R Context: Urban Threats and Urban Security Institutions 3.1 The urban SSG/R context: a microcosm of national SSG/R contexts 3.2 The urban environment: priority research themes and identified gaps 3.3 Excursus: The emergence of a European crime prevention policy 3.4 Threats prevalent and/or unique to the urban context – and institutions involved in threat mitigation 3.5 The urban security sector: key security, management and oversight institutions -
ANPOWER ANALYSIS of the LIBERIAN NATIONAL POLICE
Tzi ANPOWER ANALYSIS of the LIBERIAN NATIONAL POLICE Supplement to: Report To The Secretary of State By The U. S. Survey Mission To Liberia, Dated April 11, 1966 Novembe r/December 1966 -ojes' te'z 1-- -Js. / .reCpe 6 AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT j OFFICE OF PUBLIC SAFETY WASHINGTON, D.C. 20523 MANPOWER ANALYS IS OF THE LIBERIAN NATIONAL POLICE Supplement to: Report To The Secretary of State By the U. S. Survey Mission to Liberia, Dated April 11, 1966 Office of Public Safety Agency for International Development Frank A. Jessup Office of Public Safety NovemberlDecember 1966 PREFACE This report is intended to serve as a guide in forcasting the man power requirements associated with the continued development of the National Police Force of Liberia. The author wishes to acknowledge the predominant role played by the Honorable James A. A. Pierre, Attorney General of Liberia, in the development of the report. His continued personal interest, advice and support was invaluable to the successful execution of the project. Ref erence must also be made to the constructive advice and contributions made by Mr. E. Harding Smythe, Director, National Police Force and his staff. Similarly consequential were the contributions of Mr. Robert H. Nooter, Director, USAID to Liberia and members of the United States Mission to Liberia. Other very valuable individual contributions were made by Mr. Albert I. Sandsmark, Chief Public Safety Advisor, and his staff in the office of Public Safety. Grateful aclmowledgment is also extended to Colonel Robert A. Malone, Chief, United States Military Mission to Liberia, and his Chief of Staff, Benjamin Almond, for their counsel concerning the content of the report. -
UN Police Magazine 8
8th edition, January 2012 MAGAZINE United Nations Department of Peacekeeping Operations asdf Sustainable Peace through Justice and Security January 2012 TABLE OF CONTENTS 8th Edition [ INTRODUCTION ] [ BUILDING NATIONAL CAPACITY ] 1 ] United Nations Police Play an Invaluable Role 8 ] Peace: Keep it. Build it. Ban Ki-moon, United Nations Secretary-General Dmitry Titov, Assistant Secretary-General Office of 2 ] Helping to Build Accountable Police Services Rule of Law and Security Institutions, Hervé Ladsous, Under-Secretary-General Department of Peacekeeping Operations Department of Peacekeeping Operations 5 ] UN Policing 3 ] Professionalism: UN Policing 2012 6 ] Côte D’Ivoire Ann-Marie Orler, United Nations Police Adviser 7 ] Democratic Republic of the Congo 9 ] Haiti [ UNITED NATIONS GLOBAL EFFORT ] 12 ] Liberia 13 ] South Sudan 20 ] International Network of Female Police 17 ] Special Political Missions Peacekeepers launched at IAWP 24 ] International Female Police Peacekeeper Award 2011 26 ] Sexual and Gender Based Violence Training [ FACTS & FIGURES ] 19 ] Top Ten Contributors of UN Police [ POLICE DIVISION ] 22 ] Actual/Authorized/Female Deployment of UN Police in Peacekeeping Missions 28 ] Consolidating Formed Police Units 27 ] Top Ten Contributors of Female UN 29 ] UNPOL and Interpol: Global Partnership Police Officers 31 ] All Points Bulletin 37 ] FPU Deployment 32 ] Policiers Francophones l’ONU a besoin de vous ! 38 ] UN Police Contributing Countries (PCCs) 33 ] Organisation Internationale de la Francophonie 39 ] Police Division Staff 36 ] Harnessing Technology for Efficiency Photo caption: UN and PNTL officers conducting a foot 37 ] Deputy Police Adviser Shoaib Dastgir patrol on market day in Atauro, Timor-Leste. (UN Photo/Martine Perret) Cover illustration: Conor Hughes/United Nations PROFESSIONAL Service – LASTING IMPACT UNITED NATIONS POLICE PLAY AN INVALUABLE ROLE Since UN Police are typically deployed into situ- Garten) (UN Photo/Mark Ban Ki-moon. -
Police Practices in Liberia a Study of the Legal Frameworks and Practices of Fair Trial, Corruption and Civilian Oversight
DIGNITY Publication Series on Torture and Organised Violence # Praxis Paper 19 POLICE PRACTICES IN LIBERIA A STUDY OF THE LEGAL FRAMEWORKS AND PRACTICES OF FAIR TRIAL, CORRUPTION AND CIVILIAN OVERSIGHT Kari Øygard Larsen Jo-Anne Prud’Homme Steffen Jensen Seidu Swaray N. Russell Allen 2 | GLOBAL ALLIANCE POLICE PRACTICES IN LIBERIA | 3 2 | GLOBAL ALLIANCE POLICE PRACTICES IN LIBERIA | 3 POLICING IN LIBERIA: A study of the frameworks and practices of fair trial, corruption and civilian oversight A praxis paper on urban violence prepared in collaboration between LAPS - Liberia Association for Psychosocial Services and DIGNITY- Danish Institute Against Torture for the Global Alliance. DIGNITY Publication Series on Torture and Organised Violence No. 19 © 2018 DIGNITY - Danish Institute Against Torture, the authors and the Global Alliance organizations Balay Rehabilitation Center www.balayph.net The Centre for the Study of Violence and Reconciliation, CSVR www.csvr.org.za Liberia Association for Psychosocial Services, LAPS www.lapsliberia.com DIGNITY – Danish Institute Against Torture www.dignityinstitute.org Online-ISBN: 978-87-93675-01-8 Print-ISBN: 978-87-93675-05-6 4 | GLOBAL ALLIANCE POLICE PRACTICES IN LIBERIA | 5 POLICE PRACTICES IN LIBERIA A STUDY OF THE LEGAL FRAMEWORKS AND PRACTICES OF FAIR TRIAL, CORRUPTION AND CIVILIAN OVERSIGHT A praxis paper on urban violence prepared in collaboration between LAPS - Liberia Association for Psychosocial Services and DIGNITY- Danish Institute Against Torture for the Global Alliance. Kari Øygard Larsen, Jo-Anne Prud’Homme, Steffen Jensen, Seidu Swaray and N. Russell Allen 4 | GLOBAL ALLIANCE POLICE PRACTICES IN LIBERIA | 5 Contents Foreword 7 Executive summary and recommendations 9 1. -
Congressional Record—Senate S2006
S2006 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE March 6, 1997 to all of those who are suffering and all market principles. In Latin America, This is one area in which American those who are fighting back, trying to the Reagan doctrine certainly has expertise can make a big difference. In- put their lives back in order. worked. deed, with some extra United States I see on the floor my colleague from As free elections and economic liber- help, Haiti could succeed in convicting Ohio and my colleague from Kentucky alization has taken place in country some of the worst defenders, like the and my colleague from West Virginia. after country, the countries of South murderers of Mireille Bertin and Guy All are States, as well as Indiana, that and Central America have become bet- Malary. Mireille Bertin was an anti- have been hit very hard. ter neighbors for the United States. I Aristide lawyer. Guy Malary was The most heartening thing to see believe these same principles apply to Aristide’s justice minister. To pros- during a tragedy such as this is how our national strategy in regard to ecute and convict the killers in those people react. We have many organiza- Haiti. kinds of cases would send an unmistak- tions that are involved, but probably Mr. President, we need to apply these able message to Haitian society: Your the biggest organization involved is principles to Haiti so that over the chance of getting justice does not de- not an organization at all, it is just long term, Haiti can move out of the pend on what side you are on. -
An N Ual Repo Rt
office of the special representative of the secretary-general on DPKO sexual violence in conflict 2013 UN Photo/Marco Dormino annual report annual Team of Experts Rule of Law/Sexual Violence in Conflict FOREWORD “we are helping to transform justice for survivors of sexual violence from an unattainable objective to an achievable right. It brings us one step closer in our quest to eradicate rape and other forms of conflict-related sexual violence.” In the next few minutes, the time one would take to reach the end in Conflict (TOE) with the adoption of resolution violence from an unattainable objective to an of this page, hundreds, if not thousands, of women in conflict 1888 (2009). While the Office of the SRSG-SVC achievable right. It brings us one step closer in our situations around the world would have been raped, abused, garners high-level political support and advocates quest to eradicate rape and other forms of conflict- coerced into marriage, sexually enslaved, forcefully impregnated or against sexual violence in conflict at the global level, related sexual violence. violated in one form or another. The scourge of conflict-related the TOE provides technical expertise to governments sexual violence continues to claim victims, whether it be women and national institutions to help strengthen their Without your political support, the Team would not raped by security forces or armed groups, men victims of sexual ability to end impunity and deliver justice to survivors. have been able to make such contribution to our joint violence in detention centres, or young children themselves victims The Team’s vision is to enable national military and efforts to help address conflict-related sexual or witnesses to such atrocities.