Assessment of Groundwater Pollution Along Thippagunta Drain in Prasadampadu, Vijayawada Rural, Krishna District, Andhra Pradesh
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International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET) Volume 7, Issue 6, November-December 2016, pp. 738–746, Article ID: IJCIET_07_06_082 Available online at http://iaeme.com/Home/issue/IJCIET?Volume=7&Issue=6 ISSN Print: 0976-6308 and ISSN Online: 0976-6316 © IAEME Publication ASSESSMENT OF GROUNDWATER POLLUTION ALONG THIPPAGUNTA DRAIN IN PRASADAMPADU, VIJAYAWADA RURAL, KRISHNA DISTRICT, ANDHRA PRADESH M. Sujatha Assistant Professor, K.L University, Andhra Pradesh, India N. Rama Rao Assistant Professor, SRK Institute of Technology, Andhra Pradesh, India T. Satyanarayana Professor, SRK Institute of Technology, Andhra Pradesh, India SS. Asadi Associate Dean of Academic, K.L University, Andhra Pradesh, India K. Siva Kishore Babu Assistant Professor, K.L University, Andhra Pradesh, India ABSTRACT Assessment of groundwater p ollution along Thippagunta drain, the physical and chemical characteristics such as colour, turbidity, odour, pH, Electrical Conductivity, Total dissolved solids, Total H ardness, Calcium, Ma gnesium, Nitrate, Sulphate C hloride, Fluoride and Iron were studied. The main objective of the study is to know the quality of water for drinking and its impact on t h e p ublic h ealth o f P rasadampadu. A ll t h e p arameters o f g roundwater s a mples i n t he study area a re w ithin t h e p ermissible l i mits excep t a t i n dustrial E state a nd Jo hnson P rivate Limited Industry, near Pantakaluva. Key words: groundwater, pollution, Total Hardness, Calcium, Magnesium, Nitrate, Cite t h is A rticle: M . S ujatha, N . R ama R ao, T . S atyanarayana S S. A sadi an d K . S iva Kishore Babu. A ssessment o f Groundwater P ollution al ong T hippagunta D rain in Prasadampadu, Vijayawada R ural, K rishna D istrict, A ndhra P radesh. I n ternational Jo urnal o f C ivil Engineering and Technology, 7(6), 2016, pp. 738–746. http://iaeme.com/Home/issue/IJCIET?Volume=7&Issue=6 1. INTRODUCTION Water is essential for existence on the planet earth and is often referred as “Blue planet” It is recognized that water is the prime natural resource, a basic need and precious national asset. At present the quality of water is getting vastly deteriorated and polluted due to unscientific waste disposal, application of http://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJCIET 738 [email protected] M. Sujatha, N. Rama Rao, T. Satyanarayana SS. Asadi and K. Siva Kishore Babu fertilizers, rapid population g rowth, improper water management, and carelessness towards environment. This has lead to scarcity of potable water and affecting the human health. Water pollution is considered with great concern, since the quality of water is of vital importance for mankind and it is associated with human welfare. With this view, the present study was carried out to assess the groundwater pollution, as the g roundwater i s t h e o nly s ource f or d rinking, d omestic as w ell a o ther p urposes i n t h e s tudy area Prasadampadu along Guntathippa drain. 2. DESCRIPTION STUDY AREA Prasadampadu is a rural area of Vijayawada urban constituted a study area, which is situated on both sides along t h e T ippaguntta d rain. T he s tudy area i s l o cated o n t h e b anks o f t h e R iver K rishna at 160 31’ N Latitude and 800 37’ East Longitude in Krishna district of Andhra Pradesh. Vijayawada and its rural area s the second largest city in Andhra Pradesh and its population is around 15 lakhs and also a new capital city of Andhra Pradesh. In an d aro und s tudy area, I ndrakeeladri H ills an d d etached o utcrops are o bserved. T he geological formation m ainly i n cludes K hondalite s uit o f g neissic r o cks an d t h eir v ariations. T he r eg ional s trike of these rock formations i s North-East and S outh-West. H ydrogeological, t hey are crystalline metamorphic rocks with l ack o f primary porosity and h ydraulic conductivity. However the secondary porosity is produced d ue t o w eathering an d d eformation o f r ocks t o s tore an d t ransmit t he groundwater. The groundwater flow in the study area is towards east. The study area is developed on flat topography with clayey soils and gravel mixed with clay near hill areas. Because of flat topography and absence of effective drainage system, the entire study area gets flooded during rains. The main groundwater recharging areas to the study area are Krishna River and Rives canal. The s t udy area i s l o cated o n t h e N orth-East s ide o f t h e V ijayawada ci ty, w hich i s an i ndustrial area called Autonagar. A drain called Tippaguntta starting from Autonagar and passing through Prasadampadu and carrying the effluents discharged from various small industries from Autonagar and other surrounding Residential areas and ultimately joins the Rivas canal. The flow of the drain is in the North-East direction. 3. MATERIALS AND METHODS A t o tal of n ine g roundwater s amples and o ne surface w ater f rom d rain were co llected from various locations along the Thippaguntta drain. These samples were analyzed for physical and chemical parameters such as colour, turbidity, odour, pH, electrical conductivity total dissolved solids, total hardness, calcium, magnesium, n itrate, s ulphate chloride, f luoride an d i r on as p er the s tandard p rocedures d escribed in APHA(1995)and Trivedy, etal (1986).The details of sampling points chosen for obtaining water samples are given in Table-1.Surface water sample was also collected from the drain for correlation purpose with groundwater samples. Table 1 Details of sampling stations along Thippaguntta drain from Autonagar to NTR Road in Prasadampadu Station Sampling Station Description Source Groundwater Depth in No level in mts meters (bgl) S1 Kusalava International Limited, 8.5 50 Industrial Estate Autonagar Borewell S2 Johnson Private, Limited. Most Borewell 6.0 35 polluted in and around sampling station. S3 Opposite to Liners India Limited, near Borewell 6.2 40 Effluent reatmentplant.(Prasadampadu) S4 Second cross road, 6 th lane. Borewell 6.0 40 (Prasadampadu) h ttp://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJCIET 739 [email protected] Assessment of Groundwater Pollution along Thippagunta Drain in Prasadampadu, Vijayawada Rural, Krishna District, Andhra Pradesh S5 Lakshmi Appartment. .(Prasadampadu) Borewell 7.0 60 S6 Sai Enclave.(Prasadampadu) Borewell 6.5 60 S7 Berger paints shop. Solid Waste Borewell 6.5 45 dumped near the drain S8 Shakthi Kalyana mantapam waste Borewell 6.0 45 dumping place near the drain S9 Srinivasa Residency near NH-5 road Borewell 6.8 60 S10 Surface water sample from Surface - - Thippaguntta drain near NTR road drain water (polluted water) sample 4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The results of physico-chemical analysis of groundwater samples are presented in table-2.The temperature of the water samples in the present study are ranged from 270-290C.The surface water from the drain was collected an d analyzed for comparative study, but al l the p arameters are above t h e d esirable l imits. The turbidity o f t h e co llected w ater s amples r an ged f rom 2 t o 9 N TU. T he r ep orted v alues are w ithin the prescribed limits (BIS: 10500.1991).Clear water is more appealing to drink. All the collected ground water was odorless in the study area. Table 2 Results of physico, chemical analysis of ground water samples along Tippaguntta drain Sampling Stations Physico-Chemical S.no characteristics S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 S8 S9 S10 1 Temperature 27 27 29 28 29 27 28 28 28 29 2 Colour 2 8 4 6 2 3.2 2 2 2 14 3 Turbidity 2 8 4 9 2 3.2 2 2 2 16 4 pH 7.7 7.8 7.7 7.6 7.5 7.2 7.3 6.9 7 8.1 Electrical 5 1764 1962 1638 1496 1638 1146 1060 684 568 2260 Conductivity TotalDissolved 6 1147 1275 1065 972 1065 745 689 445 369 1469 Solids(mg/l) 7 Alkalinity 276 320 240 232 256 140 128 80 72 440 8 Hardness 412 460 376 360 372 272 248 164 132 520 9 Chlorides 256 296 240 220 224 160 140 92 84 340 10 Sulphates 84 106 78 74 69 54 46 36 24 116 11 Nitrates 20.2 28.2 20.4 17.6 11.8 9.6 7.9 5.94.8 4.8 56.4 12 Fluorides 0.58 0.64 0.58 0.6 0.54 0.58 0.48 0.46 0.44 0.62 13 Calcium 140 172 132 132 136 112 96 64 52 184 14 Magnesium 66 70 59 58 57 39 37 24 19 82 15 Iron 0.18 1.2 0.42 0.64 0.14 0.24 0.18 0.12 0.1 0.68 h ttp://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJCIET 740 [email protected] M. Sujatha, N. Rama Rao, T. Satyanarayana SS. Asadi and K. Siva Kishore Babu 4.1. Colour Pure groundwater exhibits a light blue colour, which may be altered by the presence of organic matter to greenish blue, greenish yellow or brown. Colour which is removed to make water suitable for general and industrial applications.