HAND BOOK OF STATISTICS 2018 KRISHNA DISTRICT Compiled by CHIeF PlANNINg OFFICeR KRISHNA, MACHIlIPATNAM Sri B.LAKSHMIKANTHAM, I.A.S., Collector & District Magistrate Krishna District P R E F A C E I am glad that the Hand Book of Statistics 2018 of Krishna District with statistical dataof various departments for the year 2017-18 is being released. The statistical data in respect of various schemes being implemented by the departmentsin the district are compiled in a systematic manner so as to reflect the progress made under various sectors during the year. The sector wise progress is depicted in sector – wise tables apart from Mandal - wise data. I am confident that the publication will be of immense utility as a reference book to general public and Government and Non-Governmental agencies in general as well as Administrators, Planners, Research Scholars, Funding agencies, Banks and Non-Profit Institutions. I am thankful to all the District Officers and the Heads of Institutions for extendingtheirco-operation by furnishing the information to this Hand Book. I appreciate the efforts made by Sri T.Hima Prabhakar Raju, Chief Planning Officer (FAC), Krishna District and their Staff in collection and compilation of data in bringing out this publication. Any suggestions aimed at improvement of Hand Book are most welcome and maybe sent to the Chief Planning Officer, Krishna District at Machilipatnam Date: Station: Machilipatnam OFFICERS AND STAFF ASSOCIATED WITH THE PUBLICATION 1. SRI T.HIMA PRABHAKARA RAJU : CHIEF PLANNINg OFFICER 2. SRI M.SATYANARAYANA : STATISTICAL OFFICER 3. SRI M.ANAND KUMAR : DEPUTY STATISTICAL OFFICER, COMPILED AND COMPUTERIzED * * * DISTRICT PROFILE :: KRISHNA DISTRICT GENERAL AND PHYSICAL FEATURES Krishna District with its district head quarters at Machilipatnam is the coastal district of Andhra Pradesh. It was formerly called as Machilipatnam District. Later it was renamed as Krishna District after the holy river Krishna, by adding certain Taluks of the abolished Guntur District in 1859. Again in 1925, Krishna District was further divided into Krishna and West Godavari Districts. There are no changes in its jurisdiction except some minor changes (in Divi Taluk and Munagala Paragana). It lies between 150 – 431 & 170 – 101 of the Northern latitude and 800 and 810 – 331 of eastern longitude which extends over an area of 8727 Sq. Kms with a coastline of 88 Kms. It was surrounded on the East by Bay of Bengal and West Godavari District, on South by Bay of Bengal on West by Guntur and Nalgonda Districts and on North by Khammam District. The District is divided into 50 Mandals covering 4 Revenue Divisions viz., 1.Bandar 2. Vijayawada 3. Gudivada 4. Nuzvid. The District is naturally divided into 1.Delta 2.Upland Zones. All the Mandals existing in Bandar, Gudivada divisions and part of Vijayawada division ( Penamaluru, Kankipadu, Thotlavalluru part of Vijayawada Rural) comprise delta and Unguturu, Vuyyuru, Pamidimukkala and part of Gannavaram and Bapulapadu Mandals of Nuzvid Division and all the mandals existing in Nuzvid division and the remaining Mandals of Vijayawada Division constitute upland. The upland consists of an undulating broken by low ranges of Eastern Ghats. (The main sources of Irrigation in upland are tanks. It is being benefited by the water of Nargarjuna Sagar also. The delta land is being irrigated by canals of river Krishna) The population of the District is 4517398 comprising of 970 inhabited and 35 uninhabited villages. It took third rank in population density (518 per Sq.Km). There are 9 Municipalities viz., 1. Machilipatnam 2. Pedana 3. Gudivada 4.Nuzvid and 5. Jaggaiahpeta 6.Nandigam 7.Tiruvuru 8.Vuyyuru and one Municipal Corporation in Vijayawada. I The Kolleru Lake having a shallow depression area of about 388.5 Sq. Km lies in Kaikaluru and Kalidindi Mandals. It acts as a reservoir for drainage water of surrounding delta areas during monsoon and it dries up in summer. RIVERS: The famous river Krishna is flowing in this district. Part of upland mandals as well as the delta Mandals is now having the facility of utilising the Krishna river water for irrigation purpose. Krishna being a great and sacred river of South Indian like Godavari and Cauvery flows almost across the peninsula from West to East and finally joins the sea by two principal mouths. Among the other streams and tributaries Muniyeru, Budameru and Tammileru are significant. Muniyeru is the chief tributary of the river Krishna and it flows from North to South across erstwhile Jaggaiahpeta and Nandigama taluks. This is an additional irrigation source available in this district. The Budameru is another hill streams which flows through several mandals viz., Mylavaram, G.Konduru, Unguturu, Vijayawada, Gannavaram, Gudivada, Mandavalli, Kaikaluru and finally falls into Kolleru Lake. Agriculturally, the importance of the above sources is more as they not only feed minor irrigation tanks but also provide for lift irrigation sources and ground water potential. CLIMATE & RANINFALL: Tropical Climate conditions with extreme hot summer and cold winter prevail in this district. April to June is the hottest months with high temperature in May. The monsoon usually breaks in the middle of June and brings good rains up to middle of October. The normal rainfall of this district is 1033.5 M.M, 2/3rds of which is received through the South West monsoon. The average rainfall recorded during the year 2016-17 it is 794.7 M.M and in 2017-18 it is 804.0 M.M. SOILS: Three types of soils viz., 1. Black soil which constitute 57.6% of the villages 2. Sandy Clay-loams with 22.3% and 3. Red loamy with 19.4% of the villages are prevalent in this district, while a small sandy soils constitute 0.7% fringes on the sea coast. II AGRICULTURE : Endowed with a rich variety of soils, the district occupies an important place in Agriculture which is the most important occupation and paddy is the main food crop produced. According to agricultural census 2016-17 the gross cropped area of the district was 6.24 Lakh Hects of which gross irrigated area was 3.20 lakh Hects. While 2017-18 the gross cropped area of the district was 6.49 Lakh Hects of which gross irrigated area was 3.60 lakh Hects. TRANSPORT & COMMUNICATIONS : The District is well served by Roads and Railways. 972 villages (including some of the major hamlets) have been connected with transport facilities of which 923 villages are connected by R.T.C. Vijayawada city situated at the head of the Krishna Delta is the chief commercial centre of this district and also there is an important railway junction being connected to Delhi, Calcutta, Madras, Hubli, Gudivada and Machilipatnam. It has an Aerodrome at Gannavaram about 16 Kms away. A minor sea port is at Machilipatnam. LITERACY : Krishna District has recorded a literacy of 73.74 as per 2011 census. This district is much advanced in the field of education. Almost all the villages in the district are having primary schools. NTR Medical University is located at Vijayawada. Mineral Sources : Several minerals like …. 1. Chromate : Kondapally hills and adjoining areas 2. Diamond : Paritala, Ustepalls, Kodavatikallu, Ramannapet, Uryavaram, Kothapet, Nemalipuram, Mugaluru, Putrela etc. 3. Iron Ore : Jaggayyapet area 4. Lime Stone : Jaggayyapet area 5. Mica : Tiruvuru area 6. Sulphur : Kona in Machilipatnam Mandal. III In view of the present demand for chromate for Visakhapatnam Steel Plant, it may be worthwhile to carry out detailed exploration to assess the grade and reserves. As regards diamonds, detailed exploration of diamond ferrous gravels of Paritala and other areas is taken up by Geological Survey of India to assess the potentiality of the deposits. Most of the iron ore from Jaggayapeta area has already been mined and exported and the mining industry was closed down. IMPORTANT PLACES A. Places of Tourist Interest 1. VIJAYAWADA The 4014 feet long Prakasam Barrage-road bridge-cum regulator across river Krishna which links Krishna and Guntur districts and benefits an Ayacut of about 12 lakh acres in Krishna Delta offers a pleasant sight. There is a 56 feet Stupa on the Gandhi Hill besides a library on Gandhian literature along with a children train and a Planetarium on the hill. The Mogalrajapuram caves are another attraction for tourists. Of the three caves temples dating back to fifth century, only one is still in good shape. It contains the idols of lord Nataraja and Vinayaka among others. The Arthanareeswara Murthy found here is regarded as the only one in the entire South India. The other famous caves are the Undavalli caves, situated about 8Kms from Vijayawada. These caves were built in 7th century A.D 2. KONDAPALLY Kondapalli is well known for its wooden toys (Ibrahimpatnam named after it. The ancient fort of Kondapalli is a Mandal) place of historical importance and tourist interest. It is said to have been constructed by Ana-Vema Reddy in the period 1362-1377 A.D and was captured and annexed by Krishna Deva Raya in Vijayanagar Empire. 3. KOLLERU LAKE This is a big lake. A trip in the waters of lake (Kaikaluru Mandal) during August to November will be a pleasant experience. IV 4. MANGINAPUDI The beach at Manginapudi is a natural beach which attracts many tourists. 5. PULIGADDA The aqueduct at Puligadda is an attraction to tourists. (Avanigadda Mandal) B. Places of Religious and Cultural importance. 1. VIJAYAWADA Known as Vijayawavatika in mythology, Vijayawada is a place of pilgrimage on the banks of river Krishna. People gather in thousands for a dip in Krishna on important festival particularly on Mahasivarathri. Krishna Pushkaram occurring once in 12 years is an all India festival and lakhs of people pay their homage to the sacred Krishnaveni.