ACCESSIBILITY CHARACTERISTICS OF WITH RESPECT TO TIME AND DISTANCE AS PARAMETERS.

VINEESH DAS K, ROHIT RP, NAINA GUPTA

STUDENTS, I I I Y E A R , B.PLANNING SCHOOL OF PLANNING AND ARCHITECTURE, VIJAYAWADA ACCESSIBILITY CHARACTERISTICS

. Accessibility is often defined as the ease of travel from one particular place to another place

. Travel time, speed, job opportunities, cost, distance, presence of public transport and availability of transport infrastructure

. To determine the relative accessibility of a settlement with respect to time and distance as parameters

. Comparison of ranking among the indices.

. Hays approach is used to determine the accessibility. STUDY AREA

. Consists of 52 wards (Vijayawada Municipal Corporation), 7 villages (, Nidamanuru, Enikepadu, , , Kannuru and Tadigadappa ).

. Considering the administrative boundary and homogeneity of land use, the above are constituted into 51 traffic zones.

. Population of Vijayawada is 10,48,240, with an area of 61.88 sq.km

. Population of 11,97,980 and area of 79 sq.km after including the urban outgrowth of the city as per census 2011. TRANSPORT CHARACTERISTICS OF VIJAYAWADA

1200 km TOTAL ROAD approx. LENGTH

ARTERIAL & SUB- 150 km N ARTERIAL ROAD H 15.18 9 ROAD DENSITY km/sq.km RAILWAY STATION PCTR 1.02

PANDIT NEHRU ATL 4.25 km BUS TERMINAL ATL (Public 4.72 km OL Transport)SOURCE : PRIMARY SURVEY, SPAV D 2013 N H Modal share of the 5 N trips H 5

SOURCE: PREPARED USING GIS TOOL SOURCE : PRIMARY SURVEY, SPAV 2013 APPROACH FOR FINDING ACCESSIBILITY

. Calculating accessibility using Hay’s approach. n

Ai = S dij j-i Where,

dij represents the separation distance between the nodes i and j measured by time, distance, cost etc. Ai = the accessibility index for zone i, n = number of zones in the network n S = summation of distances to all nodes. j-i . Speed and delay survey was conducted and the analysis was used so as to prepare travel time matrices. . Shortest distance path matrix was generated using GIS Network analyst. . Calculation of accessibility indices of different zones and TRAVEL TIME MATRIX

•Speed and delay survey was conducted to get the journey time among the zones.

•Moving observer method.

•Speed and flow was obtained by travelling in a car against and with the flow.

•Further, noting down the journey time, opposite coming, overtaking and overtaken vehicles. TRAVEL TIME MATRIX .Travel time Matrix is calculated using Network Analyst  New OD Cost Matrix.

.Makes a Travel time matrix using network analysis layer and sets its analysis properties.

.An OD cost matrix analysis layer is useful for representing a matrix of time going from a set of origin locations to a set of destination locations. 1 2 3 4 Accessibility indices 1 0 t1 t1 t1 Sum of .Shortest travel time and distance 2 3 4 (t12+t13+t14) paths are identified. 2 t2 0 t2 t2 Sum of 1 3 4 (t21+t23+t24) .Accessibility Indices of zone 3 t3 t3 0 t3 Sum of ‘x’ = Sum of Shortest travel time1 2 4 (t31+t32+t34) path (or) distance from zone4 xt4 t4 t4 0 Sum of 1 2 3 (t41+t42+t43) to all other zones. CLASSIFICATION OF ACCESSIBILITY INDICES

Accessibility indices calculated using Hay’s approach and classified into 9 levels of accessibility:

. Extremely High . Very high . High . Moderately High . Moderate . Moderately Poor . Poor . Very poor COMPARISON OF ACCESSIBILITY OF ZONES WITH RESPECT TO TRIP ATTRACTIONS AND LAND USE

SOURCE : PRIMARY SURVEY, SPAV SOURCE : PRIMARY SURVEY, SPAV 2013 2013 COMPARISON OF ACCESSIBILITY OF ZONES WITH DIFFERENT PARAMETERS . Distance as a Parameter

SOURCE : PRIMARY SURVEY, SPAV . Time as a Parameter2013

Zones having higher accessibility using distance as a parameter and relatively poor accessibility with time as a parameter

SOURCE : PRIMARY SURVEY, SPAV SOURCE : PRIMARY SURVEY, SPAV 2013 2013 COMPARISON OF ACCESSIBILITY OF ZONE 21 WITH DIFFERENT PARAMETERS

2% RESIDENTIAL

12% COMMERCIAL 46% 22% PUBLIC AND SEMI PUBLIC 18% MIXED USE

VACANT 21 Trip Attractions: Zone 21 Zones having higher accessibility using distance as a parameter and relatively poor accessibility with time as a parameter COMPARISON OF ACCESSIBILITY OF ZONE 21 WITH DIFFERENT PARAMETERSLand use map: Zone 17

16% 1% 22% 4% Residential Commercia 57% l Mixed

Manufactu ring

17 Trip attractions: Zone 17

Zones having higher accessibility using distance as a parameter and relatively poor accessibility with time as a parameter CONCLUSIONS

. It is observed that number of zones which are having good accessibility using distance as parameter are decreased from 63% to 57% with time as a parameter.

. Core of the city is observed to have relatively poor accessibility while using travel time as parameter compared to accessibility using distance as parameter

.It is inferred from the land use and the number of trip attractions in those areas and can be seen from the zone number 21.

.Trip attractions are maximum (>50000) due to 50% of land use being commercial, mixed and public and semi-public. CONCLUSIONS

. Similarly zone number 17 is observed to have relatively poor accessibility while using travel time as parameter compared to accessibility using distance as parameter because of predominant land use being commercial and hence attracting major trip attractions.

. When compared among indices obtained with time and distance parameters, where a significant difference in the ranking of the accessibility is observed, the reasons can be studied in detail special attention can be initiated by the transport development authorities to improve up on the required area where the deficiencies are occurring in such cases. THANK YOU !