B Psychotherapy OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF DIVISION 29 OF THE AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION
www.divisionofpsychotherapy.org U In This Issue L Polarities and Synthesis
Psychology as Psychology L
An Outstanding Return E To Cross or Not to Cross T Candidates for APA President
E O I
C N
VOLUME 39 NO. 3 SUMMER 2004 Division of Psychotherapy Ⅲ 2004 Governance Structure ELECTED BOARD MEMBERS President Past President Alice Rubenstein, Ed.D., 2004-2006 Linda F. Campbell, Ph.D. Patricia M. Bricklin, Ph.D. Monroe Psychotherapy Center University of Georgia 470 Gen. Washington Road 20 Office Park Way 402 Aderhold Hall Wayne, PA 19087 Pittsford, NY 14534 Athens, GA 30602-7142 Ofc: 610-499-1212 Fax: 610-499-4625 Ofc: 585-586-0410 Fax: 585-586-2029 Ofc: 706-542-8508 Fax: 770-594-9441 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] E-Mail: [email protected] Board of Directors Members-at-Large Sylvia Shellenberger, Ph.D., 2002-2004 President-elect Norman Abeles, Ph.D. , 2003-2005 3780 Eisenhower Parkway Leon VandeCreek, Ph.D. Michigan State University Macon, GA 31206 The Ellis Institute Dept. of Psychology Ofc: 478-784-3580 Fax: 478-784-3550 9 N. Edwin G. Moses Blvd. E. Lansing, MI 48824-1117 Email: [email protected] Dayton, OH 45407 Ofc: 517-355-9564 Fax: 517-353-5437 Ofc: 937-775-4334 Fax: 937-775-4323 Email: [email protected] APA Council Representatives E-Mail: [email protected] Mathilda B. Canter, Ph.D., 2002-2004 John C. Norcross, Ph.D., 2002-2004 4035 E. McDonald Drive Department of Psychology Secretary Phoenix, AZ 85018 University of Scranton Abraham W. Wolf, Ph.D., 2003-2005 Ofc/Home: 602-840-2834 Scranton, PA 18510-4596 Metro Health Medical Center Fax: 425-650-2929 Ofc: 570-941-7638 Fax: 570-941-7899 2500 Metro Health Drive Email: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Cleveland, OH 44109-1998 Ofc: 216-778-4637 Fax: 216-778-8412 Jean Carter, Ph.D., 2003-2005 Jack Wiggins, Jr., Ph.D., 2002-2004 E-Mail: [email protected] 3 Washington Circle, Suite 205 15817 East Echo Hills Dr. Washington DC 20037 Fountain Hills, AZ 85268 Treasurer Ofc: 202- 955-6182 Fax: 202-955-5752 Ofc: 480-816-4214 Fax: 480-816-4250 Jan L. Culbertson, Ph.D., 2004-2006 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Child Study Ctr University of Oklahoma Hlth Sci Ctr Jon Perez, Ph.D., 2003-2005 1100 NE 13th St IHS, Division of Behavioral Health Oklahoma City, OK 73117 12300 Twinbrook Parkway, Ste 605 Ofc (405) 271-6824, ext. 45129 Rockville, MD 20852 Fax: (405) 271-8835 Office: 202-431-9952 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected]
COMMITTEES AND TASK FORCES COMMITTEES Education & Training Psychotherapy Research Fellows Chair: Jeffrey A. Hayes, Ph.D. Chair: William B. Stiles Chair: Roberta Nutt, Ph.D. Counseling Psychology Program Department of Psychology Department of Psychology and Pennsylvania State University Miami University Philosophy 312 Cedar Building Oxford, OH 45056 P. O. Box 425470 University Park, PA 16802 Voice: 513-529-2405 Fax: 513-529-2420 Texas Woman’s University Ofc: 814-863-3799 Email: [email protected] Denton, TX 76204-5470 E-mail: [email protected] Ofc: 940-898-2313 Fax: 940-898-2301 E-mail: [email protected] Continuing Education TASK FORCES Chair: Jon Perez, Ph.D. Interdivisional Task Force on Membership Health Care Policy Student Development Chair: Rhonda S. Karg, Ph.D. Chair: Jeffrey A. Younggren, Ph.D. Chair: Georgia B. Calhoun, Ph.D. Research Triangle Institute Ofc: 310-377-4264 3040 Cornwallis Road Department of Counseling and Human Development Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 Task Force on Children, Adolescents & University of Georgia Ofc: 919.316.3516 Fax: 919.485.5589 Families Athens, GA 30602 E-mail: [email protected] Robert J. Resnick, Ph.D Ofc: 706-542-4103 Fax: 706-542-4130 Department of Psychology Student Representative to APAGS E-mail: [email protected] Randolph Macon College Anna McCarthy, MA Ashland, VA 23005 c/o Department of Psychology Diversity Ofc: 804-752-3734 Fax: 804-270-6557 126 Heyne Building Chair: Jennifer F. Kelly, Ph.D. Email: [email protected] University of Houston Atlanta Center for Behavioral Medicine Texas 77204-5022 3280 Howell Mill Road, Suite 100 Task Force on Policies & Procedures Atlanta, GA 30327 Chair: Mathilda B. Canter, Ph.D. Nominations and Elections Ofc: 404-351-6789 Fax: 404-351-2932 Chair: Leon VandeCreek, Ph.D. E-mail: [email protected]
Professional Awards Program Chair: Patricia Bricklin, Ph.D. Chair: Alex Siegel, Ph.D., J.D. 915 Montgomery Ave., #300 Finance Narbeth, PA 19072 Chair: Jan Culbertson, Ph.D. Ofc: 610-668-4240 Fax: 610-667-9866 E-mail: [email protected] Internet Editor Abraham W. Wolf, Ph.D. PUBLICATIONS BOARD
Chair: John C. Norcross, Ph.D., 2003-2008 Psychotherapy Journal Editor Department of Psychology Wade H. Silverman, Ph.D. 1998–2004 University of Scranton 1390 S. Dixie Hwy, Suite 1305 Scranton, PA 18510-4596 Coral Gables, FL 33145 Ofc:570-941-7638 Fax:570-941-7899 Ofc: 305-669-3605 Fax: 305-669-3289 [email protected] [email protected]
Jean Carter, Ph.D., 1999-2005 Incoming Psychotherapy Journal Editor 3 Washington Circle, #205 Charles Gelso, Ph.D. 2005-2011 Washington, DC 20032 Psychology 4 Ofc: 202-955-6182 University of Maryland [email protected] College Park, MD 20742 Ofc: 301-405-5909 Lillian Comas-Dias, Ph.D., 2001-2006 [email protected] Transcultural Mental Health Institute 908 New Hampshire Ave. N.W., #700 Psychotherapy Bulletin Editor Washington, DC 20037 Craig N. Shealy, Ph.D. Ofc: 202-775-1938 Department of Graduate Psychology [email protected] James Madison University Harrisonburg, VA 22807-7401 Raymond A. DiGiuseppe , Ph.D., 2003-2008 Voice: 540-568-6835 Psychology Department Fax: 540-568-3322 St John’s University [email protected] 8000 Utopia Pkwy Jamaica , NY 11439 Internet Editor Ofc: 718-990-1955 Abraham W. Wolf, Ph.D., 2002-2004 [email protected] Metro Health Medical Center 2500 Metro Health Drive Alice Rubenstein, Ed.D. , 2000-2006 Cleveland, OH 44109-1998 Monroe Psychotherapy Center Ofc: 216-778-4637 Fax: 216-778-8412 20 Office Park Way [email protected] Pittsford, NY 14534 Ofc: 585-586-0410 Fax 585-586-2029 Student Website Coordinator: [email protected] Nisha Nayak University of Houston, Dept of Psychology (MS 5022) George Stricker, Ph.D., 2003-2008 126 Heyne Building Institute for Advanced Psychol Studies Houston, TX 77204-5022 Adelphi University E-mail: [email protected] Garden City , NY 11530 Phone: 713-743-8600 or -8611 Ofc: 516-877-4803 Fax: 516-877-4805 Fax: 713-743-8633 [email protected]
DIVISION OF PSYCHOTHERAPY (29) Central Office, 6557 E. Riverdale Street, Mesa, AZ 85215 Ofc: (602) 363-9211 • Fax: (480) 854-8966 • E-mail: [email protected]
www.divisionofpsychotherapy.org OF PSYCHOTH N E O R I APY DIVISION OF PSYCHOTHERAPY Non-Profit American Psychological Association Organization DIVIS 29 6557 E. Riverdale U.S. Postage
AMER Mesa, AZ 85215 Paid Utica, NY ASSN. I Permit No. 83 C L www.divisionofpsychotherapy.org A A N PSYCHOLOGI C PSYCHOTHERAPY BULLETIN
PSYCHOTHERAPY BULLETIN Official Publication of Division 29 of the American Psychological Association Published by the DIVISION OF Volume 39, Number 3 Summer 2004 PSYCHOTHERAPY American Psychological Association
6557 E. Riverdale Mesa, AZ 85215 CONTENTS 602-363-9211 e-mail: [email protected] President’s Column ...... 2
EDITOR Feature: Polarities and Syntheses...... 5 Craig N. Shealy, Ph.D. Practitioner Report ...... 8 CONTRIBUTING EDITORS Feature: Psychology as Psychology ...... 13 Washington Scene Patrick DeLeon, Ph.D. Highlights of the 2004 APA Council Meeting ..19 Practitioner Report Ronald F. Levant, Ed.D. Student Corner ...... 20
Education and Training Feature: An Outstanding Return ...... 24 Jeffrey A. Hayes, Ph.D.
Professional Liability Feature: To Cross or Not to Cross ...... 27 Leon VandeCreek, Ph.D. 2005 Randy Gerson Memorial Grant...... 34 Finance Jack Wiggins, Ph.D. Washington Scene ...... 35 For The Children Robert J. Resnick, Ph.D. Gold Medal Award ...... 41 Psychotherapy Research William Stiles, Ph.D. Call for Nominations – Division 29 Fellows...... 42
Student Corner Call for Award Nominations...... 42 Anna McCarthy American Psychological Foundation STAFF Distinguished Teaching Award...... 43 Central Office Administrator Tracey Martin Candidate for APA President ...... 44
Website OF PSYCHOTH N E O R I www.divisionofpsychotherapy.org APY DIVIS 29 AMER ASSN. I C L A A N PSYCHOLOGI C PRESIDENT’S COLUMN
Linda F. Campbell, Ph.D.
Greetings to our I am very pleased to report to the member- membership of ship that the Task Force for the Division 29! I Advancement and Advocacy of Psycho- enjoyed seeing therapy has been active and moving toward many of you in action plans that will be determined at the Hawaii and particu- board meeting in October. Leon larly appreciated VandeCreek, our President-Elect, and I have the turnout of mem- held focus groups with practice members of bers at the awards the division, research members of the divi- and social reception. sion, and training members of the division. This event contin- Further, we have held focus groups with ues to be one time advanced student members of APAGS and during the year an additional focus group of early career when active Division 29 members can count members of Division 29. The goal of the dis- on seeing each other and catching up on cussions remains to (1) identify obstacles to activities in our lives between conventions. the well being of psychotherapy in each of these domains of psychology and to (2) We were also very pleased this year to rec- determine what action Division 29 can take ognize as fellows several members who to promote and advance psychotherapy, in have contributed significantly to the divi- these problem areas. We have learned that sion. Carol Goodheart, Doug Haldeman our membership has the pulse on exactly and Nadine Kaslow were there to receive what is happening in psychotherapy both their recognition in person. Other recipients positive and negative. They are very who were not able to attend the convention involved and committed to the preservation but were recognized in absentia are Jacques of psychotherapy and have given us excel- Barber, Steven Gold, Jerry Grammer, Scotty lent feedback with specific directions to pur- Hargrove, Bruce Wampold, Lillian Comas- sue in the initiative. Diaz, and Brent Hallinckrodt. The Division was also very proud to acknowledge John We are learning that both researchers and Norcross and Wade Silverman as our recip- practitioners in the division do not feel ients of the Distinguished Psychologist antagonistic toward each other on the sci- Award. Both of these individuals have ence-practice issue but rather are very made contributions to the division that desirous of finding ways to collaborate in have advanced psychotherapy in psycholo- joint projects that draw on the strengths of gy and strengthened the role of the division the clinical judgment of practitioners and in the profession. We extend our gratitude the abilities of researchers to frame the and appreciation to them. We are also very questions in important ways. We also have pleased to recognize two recipients of the learned that trainers and students alike can Krasner Early Career Award, Matt Nessetti identify important directions for the train- and Mark Hilsenroth. A President’s ing of doctoral students. For example, Recognition Award was given to Jack researchers are talking about ways to men- Wiggins for his dedication and contribution tor students interested in psychotherapy across the years to our division. He has research when they are in programs that been a vital part of the growth and develop- primarily teach psychotherapy practice ment of our division and has been greatly rather than research. Additionally, psy- responsible for the leading role Division 29 chotherapy researchers would like support has taken in the profession. from the division in expanding ways to get
2 grant and funding support for psychother- we see this project as a way for members apy research by expanding the conventional to participate in the division even if they criteria. And finally, early career psycho- do not hold an office or membership on a therapists are identifying ways the division committee. This effort is meant to represent can be a resource to them through mentoring the interests of the members of the division and access to information as they develop who care about the preservation of psycho- their careers. therapy as a fundamental component of professional psychology. As you, the membership, read about these activities, if you are interested in becoming I look forward to hearing from you and do involved in the project, we invite you to want to know what your ideas are regard- contact Leon or me. Our purpose here is to ing the health and welfare of our Division advance and advocate for psychotherapy of Psychotherapy. as we have already said, but additionally,
3 DIVISION 29 AWARDS RECEPTION
Distinguished Psychologist Award
John Norcross, award recipient, and Wade Silverman, recipient, and Linda Campbell, President his daughter Halley and son Dan
Presidential Award Krasner Award
Jack Wiggins, Presidential Award recipient Matt Nessetti, Krasner Early Career Award recipient and Pat Bricklin, Past President
4 EDUCATION & TRAINING Polarities and Syntheses Jeffrey Hayes, Ph.D.
Roberto Assagioli is perhaps the most up in flames, as can occur when positive important therapist that most American and negative electrical poles are brought therapists have never heard of. Born in closer together, voltage overcomes resis- Venice in 1888, Assagioli developed a theo- tance, and a spark is generated. Realists, ry and therapeutic method known as psy- on the other hand, recognize that tensions chosynthesis. Among the key aspects of within a discipline are inevitable and com- psychosynthesis are an emphasis on the promises between camps can be achieved, higher reaches of the unconscious, such as just as positive and negative electrical scientific and artistic inspiration, transcen- charges can be fused, resulting in neutral- dence, ethical imperatives, and altruism; a ization. Optimists point to the potential for view of the self as multiple, that is, consist- existing schisms to change the field in pos- ing of sub-personalities that are typically itive ways. Under the proper conditions, not well-integrated; and a set of techniques for example, electricity can be transformed for developing the will, overcoming obsta- into heat, light, and movement. In psy- cles to awareness, and synthesizing the self chotherapy, analogously, long-standing into a synergistic organism (Assagioli, conflicts between researchers and thera- 1965). Not only do I find Assagioli’s theo- pists have led to the development of prac- retical and technical conceptualizations tice-research networks that hold the poten- valuable to clinical work, I also believe that tial to generate clinically valuable data and his ideas about multiplicity and wholeness foster professional unification. are potentially beneficial to the challenges we face within the field of psychotherapy It is along the lines of transformation that these days. Assagioli’s work has the most to offer the discipline of psychotherapy. For instance, “Polarity,” Assagioli once wrote, “is a uni- Assagioli recognized that integrative work versal fact.” Polarity can be found in the often is precipitated by crises or powerful physical world (e.g., positive and negative conflicts. When addressing such situations, electrical poles), the emotional domain Assagioli prudently cautioned that we must (e.g., pleasure and pain), and the intellectu- not let emotions overwhelm reason. This al realm (e.g., inductive and deductive requires that individuals (and perhaps processes). I would also add that abundant groups) dis-identify from emotions so as to evidence of polarity can be found current- better observe and assess them and con- ly in the field of psychotherapy. There are sciously regulate affect. Intentional and pos- multiple dimensions along which we are itive transformation requires that we accept, strongly polarized, such as those at either rather than rebel against, existing dualisms end of the science-practice continuum, and not attach too strongly to any one pole. advocates vs. opponents of ESTs, and those Operating from a grounded and centered for and against prescription privileges. perspective makes the work of integrating Each camp holds passionate beliefs about polarities easier. what is best for the field, and I, for one, don’t think that any one group can be char- Our future as a profession depends upon acterized by pitchforks, horns, and hooves. our ultimate synthesis. Fortunately, we The doomsayers among us predict that have in our field a good number of sages psychotherapy will ultimately die, aided in and visionaries who are dedicated to the no small part by the divisiveness that we growth of psychotherapy and are not are experiencing. Maybe the field will go polarized into particular camps. They edit 5 and publish in our journals; they lead and pendently, right into possible oblivion. Or serve our division. Of course, these indi- we can devote more of our professional viduals are the visible minority. The future time and energies to fostering synthesis in of the field may depend more upon the the field and ensuring our survival. more typical member of the division, the therapist whose daily professional concerns are patients and billing and office expenses Assagioli, R. (1965). Psychosynthesis: A and insurance companies. Like sub-person- manual of principles and techniques. New alities, as therapists we may function inde- York: Hobbs, Dorman, and Company.
Find Division 29 on the Internet. Visit our site at www.divisionofpsychotherapy.org
6 CALL FOR NOMINATIONS: INTERNET EDITOR
The Publications Board is seeking applications for the position of Internet Editor for the APA Division of Psychotherapy. The Internet Editor manages the electronic resources and communications of the Division of Psychotherapy, principally its homepage and listserv. Candidates should be available to assume the title of Internet Editor on March 1, 2005.
PREREQUISITES: Be a member or fellow of the APA Division of Psychotherapy An earned doctoral degree in psychology Support the mission of the APA Division of Psychotherapy
QUALIFICATIONS: The applicant should have experience with the creation and management of Internet resources and electronic publications. The applicant should be familiar with current development in the application of computer technology to the field of mental health.
RESPONSIBILITIES: The Internet Editor is responsible for content and production of the Division’s web site and management of the member listserv. The editor regularly updates information on the website, including information about meetings, changes in governance, new publications, and links to relevant websites. The editor reviews all posts to the listserv, adds new mem- bers as required, and responds to requests for assistance. The editor is familiar with APA policies on the use of internet resources and ensures division compliance. The editor maintains regular communication with Division committees, the Division’s Central Office, Board of Directors, and Publications Board. As an ex officio member of both the Publication Board and the Board of Directors, the internet editor attends the governance meetings of the Division of Psychotherapy.
TIME COMMITMENT: Editing the website and managing the listserv requires several hours each month. The home page should be updated on a quarterly basis. An editorial term is three years (2005-2007).
OVERSIGHT: The Internet Editor reports to the Division of Psychotherapy’s Board of Directors through the Publication Board.
SEARCH COMMITTEE: Jean Carter, PhD, Lillian Comas-Diaz, PhD, Raymond DiGiuseppe, PhD, John C. Norcross, PhD (chair), Alice Rubinstein, EdD, and George Stricker, PhD.
NOMINATIONS: To be considered for the position, please send a letter of interest and a copy of your curriculum vitae no later than December 1, 2004 to John C. Norcross, PhD at norcross@ scranton.edu. Inquiries about the position should also be addressed to Dr. John Norcross (570-941-7638; [email protected]).
7 PRACTITIONER REPORT On Being a Medical Patient (II) Ronald F. Levant, Ed.D., MBA, ABPP Nova Southeastern University APA President-Elect
Ronald F. Levant, Ed.D., M.B.A., A.B.P.P., is seemed to help restore normal rhythm, but President-Elect of the American Psychological I am not really sure it did, or whether it Association. He was the Chair of the APA went away naturally, because it always Committee for the Advancement of Professional took quite awhile to act. Practice (CAPP) from 1993-95, a member at large of the APA Board of Directors (1995-97), In the last two years, as my job as dean had and APA Recording Secretary for two terms become much more demanding and stress- (1998-2000, 2000-2003). He is Dean and ful, my arrhythmia came more frequently Professor, Center for Psychological Studies, and lasted longer and was getting to be a Nova Southeastern University, Fort royal pain in the you know what. After a Lauderdale, FL. series of tests, the new Florida cardiologist determined that I was now suffering from atrial fibrillation, a more serious arrhyth- This year I had a significant illness and had mia, which, because blood collects in the to undergo surgery. This was quite a fibrillating (quivering) atrium, can thereby remarkable experience and one that I have clot, and could lead to strokes. He recom- been reflecting on from time to time, as the mended that I see an electro-physiologist flow of life allows. Colleagues (e.g., D. (EP), which is a new sub-specialty of cardi- Linnell, personal communication, ology that didn’t exist when I first devel- 3/10/04) have suggested that I write about oped this problem. He also suggested I get my experiences as a medical patient. I had on a blood thinner, like Coumadin. I put been writing email updates to various this off for a little while due to the press of groups to keep them apprised of my daily life, when suddenly the arrhythmia health. With these as the back bone, in the took hold of my throat and demanded that relatively limited confines of this column, I I pay attention to it. I had taken the Sectral will continue to experiment with writing and was at home alone when I suddenly about this experience (Levant, in press). felt very short of breath and very light- As I would like to do more writing in this headed, so much so that I had to hold on to vein, your feedback will be appreciated the kitchen counter to get to the phone. I ([email protected]) went to the ER, was told I was in atrial fibrillation (a-fib), and was held there for a I have had a heart rhythm problem for few hours. The symptoms (shortness of many years, over a decade. It had first been breath and lightheadedness) dissipated diagnosed as supra-ventricular tachycar- fairly quickly and didn’t return that day. dia. My heart would start beating rapidly and erratically every few months and this Two weeks later, while at work, the short- would last a few hours. This was quite ness of breath and lightheadedness came scary at first, but the cardiologist back in back. By this time I was already hooked up Boston told me the arrhythmia was “com- with the electrophysiology and heart pac- pletely benign. Just bash about in your life, ing department at Cleveland Clinic and don’t worry about it.” As it came more Florida, so I went out there. They put me frequently over the years he prescribed a on a Holter Monitor, which captures heart beta blocker (Sectral, 200 mg), which rhythms over a 24 hour period. The results 8 were that I was indeed in a-fib, but even Email #2. (2/14) (with some more alarming, my heart was now pausing details corrected) for up to 4 seconds, several times a night. I Hi Folks: Thank you for all of your calls could actually see the tracings where the and emails. I really appreciate hearing heart rate went flat. Very scary, indeed. from you, and receiving your care and con- The EP told me that was quite dangerous. cern! It is difficult for me to spend much If my heart paused much longer I could time at the computer, hence I will not be black out. The standard procedure was a able to write individual notes, so please pacemaker, and I would have to take accept this group acknowledgement, thank Coumadin plus an anti-arrhythmia agent, you, and update. Also I do like to hear such as Flecainide, for the a-fib. I didn’t from you so please feel free to write, but like this option because I was concerned please don’t expect individual replies, at about the long term use of these drugs, so I least not right away, OK? asked the doctor what else he could recom- mend. He suggested a catheter ablation I was released from the hospital yesterday. procedure, which was fairly new, actually I have been experiencing atrial fibrillation developed at Cleveland Clinic in Ohio, every day since the surgery on Wednesday among other places. As surgery, it was rel- (2/11), which is par for the course, due to atively non-invasive, and involved going the post surgical inflammation (for which I in through the femoral arteries and using am taking prednisone). Pretty much any- radio frequencies to ablate (remove) neu- thing I do other than lie in bed sets it off: rons which are causing the atrial fibrilla- brushing my teeth, walking around the tion. It had a 60-70% success rate, could be house, etc. This can continue for up to three redone if needed, and I could always go months post op (UGH!). The good news is the pacemaker and drug route if it didn’t that when I cease the activity and lie down work. So I went with it. my heart does return to normal sinus rhythm most of the time. Other times I With that as background, I’ll turn now to have to take an extra dose of the anti- the emails which tell the next part of the arrhythmic as well. I will have weekly fol- story. low ups, stress tests, Holter monitors, Coumadin (blood thinner) clinic, etc. Email # 1 (2/10). Hopefully, if I am a good patient and con- Hi Folks: I wanted to let you know that I fine myself to bed-rest (which is very hard am having surgery tomorrow (2/11). I am for me to), I’ll see some significant having a catheter ablation procedure for improvement within 2 weeks. treating Atrial Fibrillation, which is com- plicated by a heart pausing problem that I The surgery was quite interesting. For developed in the last month. Because of the those who don’t like these kinds of details, latter, there is urgency about doing this you may want to skip this paragraph. soon. I’ll be at the Cleveland Clinic There were three MD’s plus a couple nurs- Hospital, Weston, FL, probably until es and an anesthesiology tech, a team of 6 Saturday. I’ll let you know how it goes. in all. One of the MD’s flew in from Silly me: I was originally thinking that I Atlanta, as he is a rare radiological expert could attend the Board and Council meet- in intra-cardiac echocardiograms (ICE). ings, but I have now come to my senses They ran catheters up both femoral arter- and realize that would be foolish. I am ies. The ICE probe went in one artery, and sorry because I was really looking forward the other contained both the pacing and to seeing you all. I was especially looking recording catheter and the radio frequency forward to thanking my supporters for the ablater, which were controlled by the EP. presidential race in person. The echo guy acted as navigator telling the At any rate, have a great meeting, and I’ll EP how to move. I was awake then and catch up with you soon. could see the echocardiogram (which was Sincerely, just to the left of my head) and hear him Ron 9 say things like “OK you are near the fossa am good to go; If not I’ll have the ablation ovale, rotate ten degrees and hook a right.” redone, probably first of June, which will I thought this was way cool! Just like two mean missing the June Mtg. I’ll keep you guys maneuvering a big truck! Then the posted third MD came in, the anesthesiologist, Best, and they drugged me out, for which I am Ron glad because the operation took 8 hours, P.S. After typing this, I thought it best to let much longer than normal (2-6 hrs). What the Board and EMG know so I am ccing they did is both ablate (excise) the neurons them. which act as ectopic excitation sites in both the left and right atria, and then encircle Email # 5. June 20 the pulmonary veins in the left atrium. My Hi Folks: Please forgive the cross posting. procedure took so long because my pul- As you know, in February I had an opera- monary veins were “the largest they had tion (cardiac catheter ablation) to treat atri- ever seen.” (I was kind of pleased with that al fibrillation. After 4 weeks of recovery last statement because as you know, for with limited activity, I had a good period many of us guys, size always matters, no for about 25 days in April. But then the matter what is being measured.) problem returned, albeit in a less severe That’s all the news for now. I‘ll send regu- (i.e. slower & better organized) but more lar updates. persistent pattern in May, and I have been Warmly, in continuous a-fib since 5/3, with HR 80 Ron (whereas before it was 0, when it paused, and went up to 140 if I exerted myself). I Email # 3. Early March had an electro-cardio-conversion on May Hi Folks: Good news! I am feeling much 24, hoping that once my heart was set back better and will be ending my medical in normal sinus rhythm it might hold, but leave. I plan to attend an APA meeting on such was not to be as I went back into a-fib Monday and Tuesday and will be back at the next day. My EP (electro-physiologist) work on Wednesday. I will need to take it was planning a second surgery, August easy for awhile and cannot do as much as I probably. The fact that it can be delayed is am used to doing (and it’s OK for you to indicative that there has been some remind me
12 FEATURE Psychology as Psychology Thomas Greening, Ph.D.
Psychologists seem increasingly reluctant provide a solid and defined base from to affirm and practice psychology as a which to relate to other professions when unique science and profession. I am con- appropriate. cerned about a trend toward the medical- ization of psychology by psychologists Wertz (1998) points out that even Freud, who give primacy to biomedical, genetic, trained as a neurologist, warned against neurological, “brain disease,” “mental ill- the dangers of training in conventional ness” models of deviant, disordered and medicine and science. In fact, Freud insist- troubled human behavior and experience. ed on many occasions that training in Some employ a medical model in cases mathematics, natural sciences, and medi- where there is insufficient or ambiguous cine was not only irrelevant but harmful evidence of causal organic pathology. They for psychologists since it directs students then advocate chemical, electrical, or surgi- away from properly psychological atti- cal “treatment” of these “diseases,” some- tudes and subject matter (Freud, 1916, times on an involuntary basis. 1926). Instead, he advocated study of the humanities and the arts along with exten- Psychology has a unique mission and a sive and detailed observations of individ- body of theory and practice that distin- ual persons’ expressive behavior. guish it from medicine, surgery, pharma- cology, endocrinology, criminal justice, law At this time in history it seems there is a enforcement, etc. I do not deny the power- reluctance by our national organization of ful effects of genetics and diseases, or the psychologists to affirm psychology as psy- importance of medical treatment of dis- chology. Instead, biomedical and genetic eases and organic pathologies, or the theories seem to be exercising a strong necessity to control illegal behavior. influence on psychology, often in a reduc- However, other professions specialize in tionistic manner. For example, the those areas. Psychologists should maintain American Psychological Association and close relations with those professions, but many state psychological associations are not dilute psychology by mimicking them. campaigning for prescription privileges and support views such as the one pro- This is not an argument against interdisci- moted by the National Alliance for the plinary collaboration. Some psychologists Mentally Ill that depression and schizo- engage in valuable interdisciplinary theory- phrenia are brain diseases. Along these building, research and interventions lines, Division 29 has issued a pamphlet involving such diverse fields as neurology, asserting that ADHD is a diagnosable biochemistry, pharmacology, physics, mathe- medical disorder that should be treated matics, political science, social work, law with drugs. enforcement, religion, philosophy, litera- This is a long-standing issue in psychology. ture and the arts. Psychology, however, is a I am grateful to Amedeo Giorgi for bring- distinctive field which addresses, emotion- ing to my attention a relevant chapter pub- al, cognitive, and value-based causes and lished many years ago by Madison Bentley results in human affairs; in short, psycho- (1930), “APsychology for Psychologists.” logical matters. Psychology has and needs Bentley deplores that: its own theories, training and research programs and professional organizations ...outside concerns and foreign to support its particular mission and to interests have played too great a 13 part in shaping and defining our Countering prior physicalist field....Really psychological points views, the new principles of of view and interests have been causality affirm that subjective made secondary to evolutionism, human values are today the most the doctrine of heredity, zoological strategically powerful driving classifications, animal hierarchies, force governing the course of physiological and neurological events in the civilized world—and hypotheses, clinical medicine, psy- the key to our global predicament chiatry....Biology has mainly inject- and its solution. (p. 8) ed physical, physiological, and speculative matters into psycholo- And yet, contemporary clinical psychology gy; medicine has warped it toward seems increasingly enamored with what the abnormal....Is it possible, now, Sperry calls “physicalist views.” What can to restore psychology to a better be done? APA’s Division 32 (Humanistic balance to make it more funda- Psychology) might support reviving a non- mentally psychological and less reductionistic psychology as psychology, accessory to other things?...The but it is a small division that does not equitable partition of work as include the many psychologists who do not between biology...and psychology call themselves humanistic but who feel is our first concern. It has been concern about the medicalization of psy- made very difficult by the tempo- chology. APA’s Division 39 (Psycho- ral priority and development of analysis) is a large division that probably the biological group, which long includes many members who share these regarded itself as the totality of the concerns, but does not represent non-psy- sciences of life....The primary con- choanalytic psychologists. The American tention of the present article has Association of Applied and Preventative been that any psychology that is to Psychology opposes the seeking of pre- stand upon the level of the older scription privileges by psychologists as a sciences should squarely face all trend undermining psychology, but attracts the relevant facts at hand and mainly academic psychologists and not the should deal with them in a distinc- many practitioners who share the position tive psychological way and not as expressed here. Division 29 sometimes merely accessory to other sub- seems to support biological rather than jects....(pp. 95-114) psychological theories and interventions, as in its pamphlet on ADHD. As the Division Similarly, Philip W. Anderson (1972), a explores the future of psychotherapy, will it physicist and Nobel laureate, published an move beyond a “treatment” approach to essay “More is Different” in Science in “mental illnesses”? which he contends that not only particle It appears that there is a need for a new physics but all reductionist approaches organization to support the differentiation have only limited ability to explain reality. and development of psychology as psychology. At each stage, entirely new laws, concepts and generalizations are Where Does Psychology Belong? necessary, requiring inspiration and Here is an exercise that can help read- creativity to just as great a degree as ers clarify how they view the field of in the previous one. Psychology is psychology and its relationships with not applied biology, nor is biology other fields. The College of Letters and applied chemistry. (p. 108) Science at UCLA has four academic divisions: Another Nobel laureate, Roger Sperry Humanities (1995), writes: Physical Sciences
14 Social Sciences along with biology, not in the Social Life Sciences Sciences or Humanities. In which of these divisions would you place psychology? What Should Psychologists Study? Closely related to the question of where UCLA’s definitions of these divisions psychology belongs in a university is the appear below. I have omitted psychol- question of what psychologists should ogy from the definitions, because the study. Koch (1993) points out that only some purpose of this questionnaire is to ask aspects of psychology are closely related to you to place it in one of the divisions. the biological sciences, while others need 1. Humanities close liaison with the humanities: Study of historical and contemporary Because of the immense range of perspectives of human traditions the psychological studies, different through the study of languages, litera- areas studied will bear affinities to ture, philosophy, culture and the arts. different members of the broad 2. Life Sciences grouping of inquiry as historically Study of all living beings and their conceived. Fields such as sensory, interactive relationships with their physiological (or broadly neuro- environment. Includes biology, micro- science-oriented) psychology may biology, kinesiology. Preparation for certainly be seen as solidly within majors in this area includes course the family of the biological and, in work in biology, chemistry, mathemat- some reaches, natural sciences. But ics and physics. psychologists must finally accept 3. Physical Sciences the circumstance that extensive Study of the origins, properties and and important regions of psycho- processes of our material world and logical study require modes of expanding universe. Preparation for inquiry (and correlative researcher majors in this area includes laboratory sensibilities and training back- and classroom course work in mathe- grounds) rather more like those of matics, physics and chemistry. the humanities than those of the 4. Social Sciences sciences. (pp. 902-904) Study in this division includes anthro- pology, sociology, economics, geogra- Similarly, Pottharst and Kovacs (1962), phy, history, urban studies and organi- summarizing the results of a survey of zational studies. graduates of the University of Michigan doctoral program, reached a similar con- Exercise: clusion: Draw four circles representing the four The clinical curriculum should be UCLA divisions. enriched with larger doses of the Draw the circles so that they overlap or humanities and social sciences. are separate to whatever degree you Anyone who must work closely believe represents the ways the divi- with people needs to be steeped in sions are related. Then, on the resulting the history and cultures of diagram of four circles, place psychol- (hu)mankind as much if not more ogy where you believe it should be. It than he (or she) needs to be may fall entirely within one circle, or steeped in research methodology, may be within the boundaries of more mathematics, and the hard sci- than one overlapping circle. The result- ences. (p. 18) ing diagram will represent how you believe psychology should be related When I was an undergraduate at Yale, I to the other areas of learning. quickly transferred out of engineering and majored in psychology and literature. I To my dismay, I found that UCLA dropped a course called “Contemporary places psychology in the Life Sciences Theories of Psychology” because it was 15 only about Skinner, Hull, Guthrie, ago as not being poetry. Although Thorndike, etc. Instead, the course that Hebb was my scientific hero, I most inspired me to study other aspects of demur from defining psychology psychology was on modern French litera- without poetry. (Farley, 1994, p. 3) ture taught by Henri Peyre. I am reminded of Mikhail Bakhtin’s assertion, “After all, In supervision sessions with doctoral the boundaries between fiction and nonfic- students learning to do psychotherapy in tion, between literature and nonliterature an APA accredited program, I made ref- and so forth are not laid up in heaven.” erences to Faust and Siddhartha to illus- Perhaps this viewpoint is responsible for trate points I was making about clients’ the fact that I still have the poetry book I struggles. The students had no idea what stole from my high school English class in I was talking about. Later, during an 1947, and often turn to it when bored or APA site visit I mentioned this to a mem- appalled by psychology. ber of the accreditation team, and joking- ly asked, “Do you feel safe walking the I became an existential-humanistic psy- streets at night knowing there are psy- chologist because, much as I valued my chologists out there who don’t know psychoanalytic training and personal who Faust and Siddhartha are?” He analysis, and much as I find the methods of looked at me, puzzled. In its embrace of behavior therapy practical and effective quantitative science and biomedical within limits, I was frustrated by reduc- models, has psychology made a Faustian tionistic aspects of both, and searched for bargain? If the ferryman in Siddhartha something more. That search led me to applied to a graduate program in psy- existential-humanistic psychology and to chology, would he have a chance of James Bugental and Rollo May, and even- being admitted? tually to becoming a faculty member at Saybrook Graduate School, with which As psychology struggles to define its they were affiliated. own complex and multi-faceted identity, it is important that it simultaneously But even there I ran into the old biases. One develop fruitful—but not reductionis- day a colleague asserted that students tic—liaisons with many other fields. must master quantitative research so they can understand and evaluate “the litera- REFERENCES ture of psychology.” What, I asked, is “the Anderson. P. W. (1972). As quoted in literature of psychology,” and who gets to Horgan, 1995). define it? Partly to be provocative, but also Bentley, M. (1990). A Psychology for speaking more seriously than I realized at Psychologists. In C. Murchison (Ed.), the time, I proposed that the literature of Psychologies of 1930, Worcester, MA: psychology should also include poetry, Clark University Press, 95-114. and that therefore a psychology doctoral Farley, F. (1994, January). From the Heart. program should require students to be able APA Monitor, 25 (1), 3. to write and understand poetry. Freud, S. (1916). Introductory lectures on psy- choanalysis. New York: WW Norton. I am relieved to find that I am not alone, Freud, S. (1926/1978). The question of lay even within the psychological establish- analysis. New York: WW Norton. ment. Consider this quote from a former Horgan, J. (1995, June). From Complexity president of the American Psychological to Perplexity. Scientific American. 272(6), Association: p. 104-109. The spiritual side, the poetic side, Koch., S. (1993). “Psychology” or “The the giving and forgiving side, the Psychological Studies”? American generous and loving side, are Psychologist, 48 (8), 902-904. humankind’s finest features. Hebb Michigan Clinical Alumni Statement on defined psychology many years Training, Division 12 Newsletter, Fall 16 1962, 15, 2-3. American Psychological Scientific Worldview. Journal of Association. Humanistic Psychology, 35 (2), 7-21 Pottharst, K. & Kovacs, A. (1962). Report to Wertz, F. (1994). The phenomenology of University of Michigan Clinical Alumni Sigmund Freud. Journal of and Faculty. June 15, 1962. Unpublished Phenomenology, 24(1). manuscript. Wertz, F. (1998). The role of the humanistic Pottharst, K. & Kovacs, A. (1964). The movement in the history of psychology. Crisis in Training Viewed by Clinical Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 38(1). Alumni. In L. Blank & H. David (Eds.), Sourcebook for Training in Clinical Comments about this article can be Psychology. New York: Springer addressed to: Thomas Greening, 1314 Publishing Company, 278-300. Westwood Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA Sperry, R. (1995, Spring). The Riddle of 90024, 310-474-0064 Consciousness and the Changing email: [email protected]
17 DIVISION 29 AWARD RECEPTION Congratulations to Division 29 Fellows!
Roberta Nutt, Fellows Chair; Nadine Doug Haldeman, recipient; Roberta Nutt Kaslow, recipient; and Linda Campbell, and Linda Campbell President
Carol Goodheart, recipient; Roberta Nutt and Linda Campbell
18 HIGHLIGHTS OF THE 2004 APA COUNCIL MEETING
John C. Norcross, Ph.D.
The APA Council of Representatives met on • Reviewed, in executive session, APA July 27, 28, and 30th for a total of 12 hours in employment contracts and staff com- Honolulu, Hawaii in conjunction with the pensations packages. 2004 APA convention. Dr. Jack Wiggins and • Celebrated the 30 years of passion and I represented the Division of Psychotherapy progress of the APA Committee on as your two representatives. Women in Psychology (1973-2004). The materials chronicled the 52 resolutions/ The Council considered, debated, and motions made in Council regarding the approved a large number of agenda items. status of women in psychology. Here are a dozen highlights of Council’s • Approved and adopted a resolution on actions: sexual orientation and military service. • Eliminated the annoying requirement The document decries discrimination of placing your signature on APA ballot against homosexual behavior and ori- envelopes. entation, but reverses the previous ban • Renewed Clinical Health Psychology as on military advertisements in APA a specialty in professional psychology publications. and Biofeedback as a proficiency in • Received a series of reports, including professional psychology. those from the Task Force on • Joined as a founding partner of the Psychology’s Agenda for Child and National Foundation for Mental Health Adolescent Mental Health and another – a friends of the NIMH organization. on Bullying Among Children and • Learned that, in 2003, APA had its best Youth financial year ever. We had a 2.4 mil- lion surplus, largely due to the perfor- The 2004 meeting also served as the mance of the long-term investments. farewell meeting of Jack Wiggins, follow- • Passed a 2005 preliminary budget with ing his distinguished tenure as a Division a small surplus. of Psychotherapy Board Member and • Approved two pioneering resolutions: Council Representative. He received a spe- Resolution on Sexual Orientation and cial presidential citation at the Division 29 Marriage, and Resolution on Sexual social hour. Orientation, Parents, and Children. (These and all other resolutions are At the same time, we take heart in the available on the APA website at knowledge that Division 29 has regained http://www.apa.org). its third seat on APA’s Council of • Revised the members due schedule to Representatives, starting in 2005. I will be allow additional steps in the dues step-up joined by Dr. Patricia Bricklin and Dr. program for early career psychologists. Norine Johnson as your Division 29 repre- • Funded three leadership training con- sentatives. ferences for 2005: State Leadership Conference, Division Leadership As always, please contact me directly (570- Conference, and Education Leadership 941-7638; [email protected]) if you Conference. would like to speak about the actions and • Established a continuing Committee on directions of the Council of Early Career Psychologists. Representatives.
19 STUDENT CORNER Assimilating the Zeitgeist into a Professional Consensus Gregory S. Chasson
Gregory S. Chasson is currently a second year sions regarding the techniques they choose student in the clinical psychology Ph.D. pro- to adopt. gram at the University of Houston. Prior to graduate school, he graduated from the One only has to look as far as Dr. Benjamin University of California, Santa Barbara where Spock to see the resounding effects of a sin- he investigated social gestures within an evolu- gle individual on society. Spock (1946) rev- tionary framework. Gregory’s eclectic clinical olutionized child-rearing practices for and research interests include various treat- decades, and many still adopt his ideas ment and diagnostic components of autism, today. In a time when parents were cau- defining a professional standard for child cus- tioned about providing their children with tody evaluations, and treatment effectiveness too much affection, Spock’s ideas coun- for children who have been physically and sex- tered these notions. He encouraged parents ually abused. He intends to pursue a career as a to be flexible and affectionate with their researcher and clinician. children, and he reminded people that they have the inherent ability to be experts at parenting. Spock’s ideas are intrinsically Any therapist who deals with depression satisfying, but at the time of inception, they may have heard about a new technique lacked scientific underpinnings and were called Eye Poking Desensitization (EPD). based on personal experiences. Spock’s Specifically designed to ameliorate depres- beliefs consisted of ingredients that were sion, this technique is relatively new, but conducive to rapid and unwarranted pro- word of mouth has already spawned a liferation- the makings of a persuasive zeit- whole cult of followers who are convinced geist. The effects of his influence are poten- of its efficacy. For a nominal fee, any cre- tially substantial. Most children from that dentialed therapist can learn to administer era were raised with his ideas. Even careful the new technique, which involves a strate- research would have difficulty extricating gically placed eye poke at intermittent the myriad of effects of his techniques. intervals throughout a silent therapy ses- sion. The creators of EPD, who are psy- Spock’s ideas were probably harmless, if chologists at the Spurious Institute of not beneficial, but this example serves to Depression in Iowa, have demonstrated demonstrate an important point. By defin- the success of the technique in a series of ition, fads are fundamentally appealing, reputable publications in a top tier journal. but without a scientific evidence base, they could have disastrous consequences. If Many people laugh at the fictitious concept EPD becomes the next fad, and overzeal- of EPD, but unfortunately, there are a select ous practitioners implement this technique few “professionals” who would adopt such to thousands of depressed patients, who is a practice on a whim. The consequences of at fault when it is discovered posthumous- such a decision extend beyond the prime ly that the technique was harmful? In this concern for client welfare. Indeed, the rami- case, the proverbial finger is pointed fications transcend the mental health arena, directly at the mental health field as a even the actions of a single therapist. Once whole, not just the Spurious Institute of integrated into the mental health communi- Depression in Iowa. By fervently accepting ty, the consequences reverberate throughout such a practice prematurely, each profes- society, including the practice of law. For sional is jointly responsible for allowing this reason, the onus is placed on mental this technique to become a part of profes- health practitioners to make educated deci- sional consensus and practice. The respon- 20 sibility does not stop at EPD therapists, characteristic lack of functional communi- however, since it is the duty of all mental cation further compounds the conse- health practitioners to remain educated quences of this treatment. Thus, it is the consumers of research. The public cannot duty of the mental health community to fil- be held responsible for agreeing to unrea- ter out these atrocious practices, to main- sonable practices. It is the practitioner’s job tain standards for evaluating treatments, to provide the public with honest and com- and to effectively educate the public. petent services. To protect the practitioner from imple- Even today, some professionals succumb to menting dubious interventions such as the faddish nature of certain interventions. holding therapy, a task force from Division Thus, professionals must keep a skeptical 12 of the American Psychological eye on the latest techniques. If specifically Association (1995) established criteria for looking for it, these types of interventions assessing the efficacy and effectiveness of are easy to spot. They are often proclaimed psychological treatments. The decisions of a veritable panacea for a multitude of dis- the task force served as inspiration for orders. Furthermore, serving to perpetuate Chambless and Hollon (1998) to elaborate its burgeoning status, these faddish treat- and extend the criteria. They set the stan- ments are also usually marked by clever dard for labeling an intervention as an campaigning, questionable research, and Empirically Supported Treatment (EST) potentially unfalsifiable foundations. (Chambless & Hollon, 1998). It behooves all therapists to become familiar with the Luckily for the public, most fads are gen- concept of EST’s, including the benefits uinely innocuous or even slightly benefi- and consequences associated with this type cial; however, some incidences exemplify of standard (see also Norcross, 2002, for an the very danger associated with negligent- alternative perspective). ly adopting the zeitgeist. Hanson and Spratt (2000) critique an approach The criteria for EST’s provide a sensible designed to treat children with Reactive guide for a practitioner to assess the nature Attachment Disorder (RAD) called holding of a particular treatment. For example, any therapy. Certain forms of holding therapy therapist who wishes to implement EPD involve “prolonged restraint for purposes should consult the criteria for an EST as a other than protection, prolonged noxious guide for evaluating the humane and effec- stimulation (e.g., tickling, poking in the tive nature of the treatment. In addition, a ribs), and interfering with bodily func- thoughtful practitioner should carefully tions” (Hanson & Spratt, 2000, p.142). The review the literature even for treatments authors elaborated, “The child may try to that are considered an EST. As part of scru- resist by screaming, fighting, or crying, but tinizing relevant literature, the thoughtful eventually breaks down. When the child clinician should consider methodological reaches the point of surrender, he is then confounds, such as the extent to which a given to his caregiver(s), to whom he research team may have inadvertently reportedly instantly attaches” (Hanson & demonstrated allegiance to a particular Spratt, 2000, p.142). This egregious prac- treatment in the study. Similarly, he or she tice seems inherently inhumane. Anyone should question potential violations of sta- can terrorize a child into behaving, but to tistical assumptions and techniques. Finally, have it recommended under the guise of and this is probably the most difficult to scientific and professional opinion is detri- maintain, one should use common sense mental to the reputation of the mental when evaluating a treatment, such as judg- health field. Unfortunately, holding thera- ing the extent to which a gimmick adds to py is not just indicated for this particular the effects of the common elements present population of children. It has also been in nearly all therapeutic techniques. recommended for other populations as well, even children with autism, whose The repercussions of assimilating the zeit- 21 geist into a professional consensus extend ers responsibly elect to use appropriate into legal contexts as well. Assessment is assessments and techniques in all contexts. not only an essential component of psy- chotherapy, it is also vital to a thorough In many respects, psychology is still in its forensic evaluation, regardless if it is a infancy as a science. It is no secret that psy- child custody dispute, personal injury liti- chology is still seeking a unifying para- gation, determination of insanity, etc. Frye digm to inform research and clinical prac- v. United States (1923) set the earliest prece- tice. The state of the field shifts as the dent for the standard of assessment in legal metatheories grow or decline in popularity, proceedings. While the details of the case and this lack of a binding paradigm elicits are beyond the scope of this article, Frye pseudoscientific ideas and fads. Granted, determined that opinions put forth in court every field has fads, but the rate at which by a professional were considered admissi- such fads are accepted is seemingly and ble only if he or she derived the opinions alarmingly high in the mental health field. using techniques or methods that were Few individuals would voluntarily ingest generally accepted in the professional com- an unproven pill that purportedly cures munity. Frye became the dominant stan- migraines without first determining its dard until the decision of Daubert v. Merrell safety and effectiveness. Why then should Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (1993) helped the public engage in psychological treat- address certain shortcomings of Frye ments that are unproven without first (Sanders, Diamond, & Vidmar, 2002). determining their usefulness and safety? From relatively harmless approaches such Since not all scientific techniques can as Spock’s child-rearing advice, to inhu- develop an adequate professional reputa- mane practices such as certain forms of tion, individuals in the legal arena viewed holding therapy, every decision by a thera- the Frye standard as overly exclusive pist reflects on the field of mental health, (Sanders, Diamond, & Vidmar, 2002). As a and by extension, facets of the law as well. result, Daubert was embraced as a new Ultimately, it is the responsibility of the standard for evaluating scientific evidence practitioner to remain cognizant of the in court. While Daubert still recognized the potential effects of the zeitgeist. standard of professional consensus, it also included the requirements of reliability REFERENCES and validity of the instruments used in American Psychological Association Task court proceedings. Evidence of strong psy- Force on Psychological Intervention chometric properties is crucial for meeting Guidelines (1995). Template for develop- the standards of Daubert, but professional ing guidelines: Interventions for mental consensus still plays a powerful role in the disorders and psychological aspects of court’s determination of the admissibility physical disorders. Washington, DC: of incriminating or exonerating evidence. American Psychological Association. Thus, even a single therapist who decides Chambless D.L., & Hollon, S.D. (1998). to use a particular assessment, despite a Defining Empirically Supported lack of evidence of its reliability and valid- Therapies. Journal of Consulting and ity, can directly contribute to a professional Clinical Psychology, 66(1), 7-18. consensus that condones the use of that Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, questionable instrument. Following from Inc., 509 U.S. 579; 113 S. Ct. 2786; 125 L. the decisions of Frye and Daubert, this Ed. 2d 469 (1993). Retrieved July 22, unjustifiably condoned measure is now 2004, from LexisNexis Record. potentially admissible in court, facilitating Frye v. United States, 293 F.1013 (1923). the decisions regarding the welfare of a Retrieved July 22, 2004, from child in a custody dispute or the fate of a LexisNexis Record. defendant on trial for murder. Therefore, it Hanson, R.F., & Spratt, E.G. (2000). is imperative that mental health practition- Reactive attachment disorder: What we 22 know about the disorder and implica- (2002). Legal Perceptions of science and tions for treatment. Child Maltreatment, expert knowledge. Psychology, Public 5(2), 137-145. Policy, and Law, 8(2), 139-153. Norcross, J. C. (2002). Psychotherapy rela- Spock, B. (1946). The common sense book of tionships that work. New York: Oxford baby and child care. New York: Duell, University Press. Sloan and Pearce. Sanders, J., Diamond, S.S., & Vidmar, N.
THE CAROLYN PAYTON EARLY CAREER AWARD
The Carolyn Payton Early Career Award is sponsored by Section One, the Psychology of Black Women, of the American Psychological Association’s Society for the Psychology of Women (Division 35). The award recognizes the achieve- ment of a Black woman in the early stages of her career. The applicant must be no more than ten years post doctorate and the submitted work (article, book chapter or book) must be published. Although a submission need not focus exclusively on Black women, the specific concerns of Black women must be a focal point of the submission. Papers may be theoretical or empirically (qualita- tive or quantitative) based. Each submission will be evaluated on its creativity and must distinguish itself as making a major contribution to the understanding of the role of gender in the lives of Black women. If there are multiple authors, the applicant must be the first author. A $500 prize will be awarded. The award win- ner will be announced at the Division 35 social hour at the American Psychological Association in August, 2005.
To be considered for the award, please send a cover letter, your vita (please include your email address), three hard copies of your scholarly work, a copy of your paper on a disc formatted for IBM PCs in Word, and two self addressed stamped envelopes to:
Dr. Ruth L. Hall Department of Psychology The College of New Jersey P. O. Box 7718 Ewing, NJ 08628-0718
DEADLINE: April 1, 2005 Submissions postmarked after 4/1/05 will not be considered for the award.
23 FEATURE An Outstanding Return Patrick DeLeon, Ph.D. Our recent APA convention in Honolulu individuals to identify their own beliefs was truly outstanding. My sincerest con- and actions that are barriers to their ability gratulations to President June Ching, Carol to handle effectively life’s adversities. Parker, and, of course, former HPA These approaches are based on the tech- President Tom Glass who successfully niques of cognitive-behavioral skills devel- maintained the APA Board of Directors’ opment and include models developed to initial enthusiasm for returning to our change rigid and pessimistic beliefs and State. Kathy McNamara and BCA chairs cognitive constructs to more flexible and Rodney Hammond and Brian Wilcox were positive ones. Major work in developing absolutely instrumental in facilitating the positive psychology approaches has been visit of over 13,000 colleagues. Our deep- reported.... However, no research litera- est appreciation. Individuals can make a ture was identified that applied these prin- real difference. Since our convention, two ciples and techniques to individuals with proposals promulgated by federal agencies disabilities in VR [vocational rehabilita- concretely illustrate this policy perspective. tion] settings. The overall objective of the positive psychology priority is to develop During his APAPresidency, Marty Seligman and demonstrate the validity of counseling stressed the importance of Positive tools and techniques based on the princi- Psychology. Accordingly, we were very ples of positive psychology with individuals pleased that the US Department of with disabilities in the VR system. The pri- Education, Office of Special Education and ority supports... specifically empowering Rehabilitative Services, has now announced consumers of VR by implementing tech- a priority under its Special Demonstration niques that will ncrease the skills of indi- Programs, focusing on an area of national viduals with disabilities, enabling them to need, Positive Psychology. “Positive psy- achieve high quality employment outcomes. chology is the study and practice of coun- Successful projects under this model seling techniques based on cognitive-behav- demonstration program would address three ioral therapy to assist individuals to devel- specific aspects of positive psychology and op an increased awareness of their own pos- their application to rehabilitation: learned itive character strengths, emotional process- optimism, strengths and virtues versus ing, and belief systems [citing Marty]. talents for employment, and subjective These techniques help consumers to build well-being....” Psychology can make a skills so that they can accurately assess significant difference to the quality of life beliefs about themselves that may create of our nation’s citizenry. Mahalo. barriers to effectively coping with adversi- ties that occur in their lives. These tech- Three members of Hawaii’s Congressional niques may also expand their ability to chal- delegation served at an earlier point in lenge these beliefs in order to pursue flexi- their careers in our State (or Territorial) leg- ble and appropriate responses to their islature. Accordingly, we would rhetorical- adversities. Positive psychology techniques ly ask: How many HPA members have per- empower individuals to take control of their sonally met with their own State House own lives, to increase their capacity for and Senate member during the past year? effective decisionmaking, and to persist in How many members or students are cur- pursuing goal-directed activities. rently engaged as volunteers in this year’s election process? And, How many truly “Research in positive psychology has appreciate the significant impact that one yielded a variety of approaches to assist member, in particular, in our delegation 24 can have upon colleagues employed by the that is no longer the case. Under current Veterans Administration, due to his senior law, other health care professionals are position on the Senate Committee on legally licensed to prescribe medication Veterans’ Affairs? and typically do so in health care settings across the Nation. For example, licensed The Department of Veterans Affairs has registered nurse practitioners are licensed proposed to amend its Patients’ Rights reg- to independently prescribe medication in ulation to bring the provisions regarding virtually every state in the United States.... medication into conformity with current VA is proposing to eliminate the specific law and practice. The changes are primar- references to physicians... and to substitute ily intended to clarify that it is permissible references to appropriate health care pro- for VA patients to receive medication pre- fessionals.” Agrass roots effort by HPA scribed by any health care professional will definitely make a difference in ensuing legally authorized to prescribe medica- that these timely changes are adopted. tion. “When VA promulgated the patients’ Aloha, rights rule in 1982, physicians were gener- ally the only health care providers autho- Pat DeLeon, former APA President rized to prescribe medication.... However, August, 2004 HPA
25 DIVISION 29 AWARDS & SOCIAL Division 29 sponsored symposium Psychotherapy Advocacy: Training, Research & Practice
Carol Goodheart, John Norcross, Abe Wolf, Linda Campbell, Leon Vandecreek and Jeffrey Hayes
Abe Wolf, Nadine Kaslow, and Alex Siegel Jeff Younggren, Eric Harris, Garnett Stokes, and Matty Canter
26 FEATURE
TO CROSS OR NOT TO CROSS: Do Boundaries in Therapy Protect or Harm?
Ofer Zur, Ph.D.
Ofer Zur, Ph.D. is a psychologist and forensic by appropriately incorporating beneficial consultant practicing in Sonoma, CA. He has boundary crossing interventions into our been a pioneer in the field of the ethics of dual clinical practices. relationships and a leader in the managed-care- free psychotherapy movement. Most recently, Defining Boundaries he has co-edited a book with Dr. Arnold A. Boundary issues mostly refer to the thera- Lazarus entitled, Dual Relationships and pist’s self-disclosure, touch, exchange of Psychotherapy, published by Springer. His gifts, bartering and fees, length and loca- website at www.drzur.com provides extensive tion of sessions and contact outside the online guidelines, articles, home studies, and office (Guthiel & Gabbard, 1993). other resources on boundaries and dual rela- Boundary crossing in psychotherapy is an tionships issues in therapy. elusive term and refers to any deviation from traditional analytic and risk manage- ment practices, i.e., the strict, ‘only in the office,’ emotionally distant forms of therapy Psychologists have been inundated with (Lazarus & Zur, 2002). Dual relationships unequivocal messages about the depravity refer to situations where two or more con- of boundary crossings and dual relation- nections exist between a therapist and a ships in clinical practice. From graduate client. Examples of dual relationships are courses and texts on ethics, to continuing when a client is also a student, friend, em- education workshops on “Risk Manage- ployee or business associate of the therapist. ment,” to attorneys’ advice columns, we have been warned never to leave the office While most analysts, ethicists, attorneys with a client, to be very careful about gifts, and “experts” may use a broad brush in never to socialize with clients, to avoid bar- describing boundary issues, it is important tering and to limit physical contact to a that psychologists differentiate between handshake or a pat on the back. We have harmful boundary violations and helpful also been cautioned that boundary cross- boundary crossings. A boundary violation ings are likely to lead us down the slippery occurs when a therapist crosses the line of slope to exploitive sexual relationships. decency and integrity and misuses his/her Boundary crossings and dual relationships power to exploit a client for the therapist’s have often been labeled unethical and own benefit. Boundary violations usually often used synonymously with exploita- involve exploitive business or sexual rela- tion and harm. tionships. Boundary violations are always unethical and are likely to be illegal. This article will attempt to shed light on the However, boundary crossings are often complexities of boundary crossings and will part of well-constructed treatment plans clarify the relevant ethical and clinical con- and, as such, they can increase therapeutic cerns. It will distinguish between harmful effectiveness (Lazarus & Zur, 2002). While boundary violations, beneficial boundary all dual relationships involve boundary crossings and unavoidable or helpful dual crossing, exploitative dual relationships relationships. Most importantly, it will sug- are boundary violations. Obviously, not all gest ways to increase clinical effectiveness boundary crossings are dual relationships. 27 Beneficial Boundary Crossings have seen how this concept of bound- While from the analytical point of view ary crossing has already filtered into almost all boundary crossings are detri- our entertainment culture. Robin mental to the transference analysis and the Williams, playing the therapist in the clinical work, behavioral, cognitive-behav- movie, Good Will Hunting, had the right ioral, Rational-Emotional, humanistic, attitude regarding boundaries when he existential, group, feminist, Ericksonian decided to effectively break the ice by and family system psychotherapies often taking the highly resistive and distrust- endorse many forms of helpful boundary ful young client, played by Matt crossings (Lazarus, 1994; Williams, 1997). Damon, to the riverbank for a walk. Additionally, boundary crossing, when • Therapists who work with different executed with the clients’ welfare in mind, cultures inevitably join their Native is likely to enhance therapeutic alliance, American clients in some of their the best predictor of therapeutic outcome. sacred rituals, their Latin clients in weddings, their Catholic clients in con- Following are examples of beneficial firmations, or their Jewish clients for boundary crossings and, when appropri- Bar or Bat Mitzvahs. Refusing to do so ate, the orientations or settings that sup- in certain settings is likely to cause port such interventions are included (Note: irreparable damage to the therapeutic None of the following interventions consti- alliance, nullify trust and render thera- tute dual relationships): py ineffective. • Behavioral therapy endorses walking • Psychologists who work in poor, rural with an agoraphobic client to an open communities are often engaged in bar- space outside the office or flying with a tering arrangements, which may be the fear-of-flying client on an airplane as part only way for people there to access of an exposure or in vivo intervention. mental health services. Bartering with • Child psychologists, and other psychol- cash-poor and art-rich artists is also a ogists who work with children, rou- common practice. tinely leave the office for walks with • If it is likely to benefit the client, thera- them and or perhaps attend school pists of many non-analytic orientations, plays in which they are performing. will: They also regularly touch and hug, • Go on a home visit to an ailing, provide snacks and drinks, play cards bedridden or dying client. Such a and exchange small gifts and photos visit also gives them a much better with their young clients. firsthand sense of the broader clini- • Albeit for different reasons, cognitive, cal context of their clients. behavioral, cognitive-behavioral, femi- • Take a depressed, medically non- nist, group, humanistic, feminist and compliant client on a vigorous walk. existential therapies all endorse self-dis- • Accompany a fearful client to a med- closure as a way of modeling, offering ically crucial but dreaded medical an alternative perspective, exemplifying procedure. cognitive flexibility, creating authentic • Join a client-architect on a tour of connections, increase therapeutic alliance her newest construction, a winery or leveling the playing field. owner on a tour of his beloved win- • Behavioral and family therapy support ery or a proud sculptor to the open- joining an anorexic or bulimic client for ing of an exhibition of her work. a lunch or for a family dinner. • Escort a client to visit a gravesite or • Humanistic therapies are apt to frown a place that held special meaning for upon therapists who never self-dis- the client and their deceased loved close, touch, hold, or hug their clients. one in order to facilitate the grief • Many adolescent psychologists would process. not hesitate to go for a walk with a • Join an addict at a first 12-step resisting, reluctant or irresponsive ado- meeting. lescent in order to break the ice. We 28 Dual Relationships gifts, self-disclosure, bartering of goods Dual relationships are subtypes of bound- (not services) or extending the therapeutic ary crossing. Psychologists practicing in hour when needed are also boundary rural and small communities encounter crossings but not dual relationships. numerous unavoidable dual relationships in the course of their daily lives. The per- While dual relationships may be some- son who bags groceries in the supermarket, times unavoidable, psychologists must pumps gas, works in a dentist’s office or nevertheless pay attention to the harm that chaperones children on school field trips can arise from them, especially where there may often also be the therapist’s client. is a conflict of interest. Conflicts of interest Relationships in such small communities are often present in situations where the can get even more complex when people client is also a student, employee, employ- choose their therapists because they know er or business partner. Of course, sexual them and not because they saw their ad in dual relationships are always unethical, the Yellow Pages. A therapist’s fellow con- counter-clinical and illegal in most states. gregation member, teammate in a local The Ethics of Boundaries sports league or car dealer may all choose Despite the prevalent belief to the contrary, their psychologist because they have come there are no ethics codes or guidelines, to know him or her personally and they which specifically deal with boundary share values, attitudes, morals and or spir- crossings. The APA’s and almost all other itual values. Like many other boundary professional organizations’ codes of ethics crossings, such unavoidable dual relation- do not regulate non-sexual touch, gifts, ships are not limited to rural or small com- length of sessions or self-disclosure. Of munities; they are the norm within numer- course, they all have a mandate to avoid ous small populations in larger metropoli- harm and exploitation and respect clients’ tan areas, e.g., gay/lesbian, handicapped, integrity and autonomy. The new APA various minorities, religious congrega- Code of Ethics of 2002 has taken a positive tions, and other such distinct small soci- step in regard to boundaries and dual rela- eties. In fact, duality, mutual dependence tionships issues. It drops the sentence, and prior knowledge of each other are pre- “Psychologists ordinarily refrain from bar- requisites for the development of trust and tering”, that appeared in the 1992 code and respect in these communities. Non-sexual, adds the sentence, “Multiple relationships non-exploitative dual relationships and that would not reasonably be expected to familiarity between therapists and clients cause impairment or risk exploitation or are not only normal but, in fact, increase harm are not unethical” (APA, 2002, sec- trust. This enhances the therapeutic tion 3.05), to the multiple relationships sec- alliance, which is recognized as the best tion. Just as important are clarifications indicator of therapeutic results (Lambert, that the new APA code provides in its 1991; Norcross & Goldfried, 1992). Another Introduction and Applicability sections excellent example is the military where, where it finally explains what some of the whether on a ship or in an isolated and modifiers that are used in the Code (e.g., remote base on foreign soil, dual relation- reasonably, appropriate, potentially) mean. ships are not only unavoidable, but, in fact, More specifically it states: “As used in this mandatory. Ethics Code, the term reasonable means the prevailing professional judgment of psy- It is important to differentiate between chologists engaged in similar activities in boundary crossing and dual relationships. similar circumstances, given the knowl- Making a home visit to a bedridden patient edge the psychologist had or should have or accompanying an acrophobic client to had at the time” (APA, 2002, Introduction). an open space, like many other ‘out-of- The importance of this clarification is that office’ experiences are boundary crossings hopefully it will stop the experts, courts that do not necessarily constitute dual rela- and ethics committees from using the ana- tionships (Zur, 2001). Similarly, exchanging lytic or urban yard stick to judge non-ana- 29 lytically oriented psychologists who strate- unhealthy social relationship; and a non- gically employ boundary crossing type sexual hug will quickly devolve into a interventions or work in small or rural harmful sexual relationship. To allege that communities where boundary crossing self-disclosure, a hug, a home visit, or and dual relationships are unavoidable. accepting a gift are likely to lead to sex and harm is, in Lazarus’ words “an extreme form Boundary Crossings and the of syllogistic reasoning” (1994, p. 257). Standard of Care The standard of care is defined as qualities Sexualizing Boundaries and conditions that prevail or should pre- The rigid attitude toward boundary cross- vail in a particular mental health service ings stems in part from what Dineen (1996) and that a reasonable and prudent practi- called ‘sexualizing boundaries.” This is a tioner follows. The standard is based on skewed view that sees all boundary cross- community and professional standards, as ings as sexual in nature as illustrated in the well as on state laws, case law, licensing slippery slope argument. Simon (1991), for boards’ regulations, a consensus of profes- example, decrees that: “The boundary viola- sionals, ethics codes of professional associa- tion precursors of therapist-patient sex can tions and a consensus in the community. be as psychologically damaging as the actu- The standard of care is not an objective al sexual involvement itself” (p. 614). yardstick to be found in any textbook. It is Similarly, Pope (1990) states “ . . . non-sexual closely tied to a theoretical orientation. The dual relationships, while not unethical and examples of boundary crossings mentioned harmful per se, foster sexual dual relation- above clearly fall within the standard of care ships” (p. 688). These unreasonable beliefs of behavioral, humanistic, family, and other link any deviation from risk management or non-analytic therapies. Regretfully, boards, analytic guidelines to sexual exploitation. courts and ethics committees too often con- fuse the standard of care with the analytic To Cross or Not to Cross standards or with risk management guide- Intentional boundary crossings should be lines (William, 1997). This confusion has implemented with two things in mind: the caused tremendous injustice and immense welfare of the client and therapeutic effec- suffering to therapists due to many boards’ tiveness. Boundary crossing, like any other and courts’ experts who routinely and mis- intervention, should be part of a well-con- takenly apply an analytic criterion and pro- structed and clearly articulated treatment nounce clinically appropriate boundary plan which takes into consideration the crossings and dual relationships, such as client’s problem, personality, situation, his- those mentioned above, to be below the tory, culture, etc. and the therapeutic setting standard of care. and context. Boundary crossings with cer- tain clients, such as those with Borderline The Slippery Slope Argument Personality Disorders or those who are There is a prevalent and unfounded belief acutely paranoid are not usually recom- in the ‘slippery slope’ argument, which mended. Effective therapy with such clients claims that boundary crossings inevitably often requires well-defined boundaries of lead to boundary violations. It refers to the time and space and a clearly structured idea that failure to adhere to rigid bound- therapeutic environment. Dual relation- aries and an emotionally distant form of ships, since they always entail boundary therapy will ultimately foster exploitive, crossing, impose the same criteria on the harmful and sexual dual relationships therapist. Even when such relationships are (Guthiel & Gabbard, 1993, Pope, 1990). unplanned and unavoidable, the welfare of This paranoid approach is based on the the client and clinical effectiveness will ‘snowball’ dynamic that asserts that giving always be the paramount concern. a simple gift is the precursor of an exploitive business relationship; a thera- Boundaries are like fences; they are man- pist’s self-disclosure inevitably becomes an made and are designed to separate. Their 30 function is to “fence in” and “fence out”, to in the ‘darkness’ of isolation. In fact, many include and exclude. Being man-made, of our clients’ early life abuse and neglect they can be constructed or dismantled, was made possible due to the isolation of heightened or lowered, and made more or their families. The boundaries, which are less permeable. Psychotherapy boundaries supposed to protect clients from exploita- are an inherent part of the therapeutic set- tion, also increase the therapists’ power ting. They have been the focus of psycho- and, therefore, increase the chance of a analysts for clinical-transferential reasons. client being exploited (Zur, 2001). Consumer protection agencies, boards and professional organizations have focused on SUMMARY the boundary issue in order to guard Boundary crossing in psychotherapy has clients from exploitative therapists. usually referred to any deviation from tra- ditional analytic and risk management The Concern with Rigid Boundaries practices, i.e., strict, ‘only in the office,’ As to whether psychotherapy boundaries emotionally distant forms of therapy. They serve the protective purpose for which they refer primarily to issues of self-disclosure, were erected, I have two major concerns: gifts, touch, bartering and home visits. Dual relationships, a sub-type of boundary Firstly, I am concerned that rigid imple- crossing, refer to situations where multiple mentation of such boundaries decreases connections exist between a therapist and a therapeutic effectiveness. As outlined client. Boundary crossings are different above, there are numerous proven clinical from harmful boundary violations and, and evidence-based interventions that fall appropriately employed, can increase clin- under the heading of boundary crossings. ical effectiveness and therapeutic outcome. These theoretically sound interventions are Dual relationships and other forms of often not utilized due to therapists’ fears boundary crossing are unavoidable in and their rigid adherence to risk manage- many small and interdependent communi- ment principles. As a result of this appre- ties, such as rural, military, minority, hension, many clients receive sub-standard church, university campus, and among care. Lazarus (1994) underscored that: gays, the deaf, etc. Unlike harmful bound- “One of the worst professional or ethical ary violations and sexual or exploitative violations is that of permitting current risk- dual relationships, neither boundary cross- management principles to take precedence ing nor dual relationships are unethical or over human interventions” (p. 260). below the standard of care. Behavioral, Additionally, outcome research has docu- cognitive-behavioral, family, group, and mented the importance of rapport and existential therapeutic orientations are the warmth for effective therapy, and that most practiced orientations today. These rigidity, distance, and coldness are incom- approaches tend to endorse many types of patible with healing. Appropriate bound- boundary crossings that are considered ary crossings and dual relationships are clear boundary violations by many psy- likely to increase familiarity, understand- choanalysts and risk management advo- ing, and connection hence, increasing clin- cates. In fact, feminist, humanistic, and ical effectiveness (Lambert, 1991; Lazarus existential orientations view the tearing & Zur, 2002, Norcross & Goldfried, 1992). down of artificial and rigid boundaries as essential for therapeutic effectiveness and Secondly, I am concerned that the isolation healing. Boundary crossings should be imposed by rigid boundaries increases the implemented according to the client’s likelihood of exploitation of, and harm to, unique situation, condition, problems, per- clients. Exploitation, as a rule, happens in sonality, culture, and history and the set- isolation (i.e., child abuse, domestic vio- ting in which therapy takes place. The lence, cults). As with any kind of abuse rationale of boundary crossing, like any and exploitation, it is easier for predatory therapeutic intervention, should be articu- therapists to take advantage of their clients lated (in writing) in the treatment plan and 31 consultations with experts are advised in Psychological Association. pp. 1-11. complex cases. The unduly restrictive ana- Lazarus, A. A. (1994). How certain bound- lytic risk-management emphasis on clearly aries and ethics diminish therapeutic defined, rigid, and inflexible boundaries effectiveness. Ethics and Behavior, 4, often interferes with sound clinical judg- 253—261. ment, which ought to be flexible and per- Lazarus, A. A. and Zur, O. (2002). Dual sonally tailored to clients’ needs rather Relationships and Psychotherapy. New than to therapists’ dogmas or fears. York: Springer. Norcross, J. C. and M. R. Goldfried, M. R. REFERENCE: (Eds.) (1992). Handbook of Psychotherapy American Psychological Association Integration. New York: Basic Books. (APA). (1992). Ethical Principles of Pope, K. S. (1990). Therapist-patient sexu- Psychologists and Code of Conduct. al contact: Clinical, legal, and ethical American Psychologist, 47, 1597-1611. implications. In Margenau, E.A. The American Psychological Association encyclopedia handbook of private practice. (APA). (2002). Ethical Principles of New York: Gardner Press, Inc. Psychologists and Code of Conduct. Simon, R. I. (1991). Psychological injury American Psychologist, 57, 1060-1073. caused by boundary violation precur- Dineen, T. (1996). Manufacturing victims: sors to therapist-patient sex. Psychiatric What the psychology industry is doing Annals, 21, 614-619. to people. Toronto: Robert Davies Williams, M. H. (1997). Boundary viola- Publishing. tions: Do some contended standards of Gutheil, T. G., & Gabbard, G. (1998). care fail to encompass commonplace Misuses and misunderstandings of procedures of humanistic, behavioral, boundary theory in clinical and regula- and eclectic psychotherapies? tory settings. American Journal of Psychotherapy, 34 (3), 238-249. Psychiatry, 155 (3), 409-414. Zur, O. (2001). Out-of-office experience: Lambert, M. J. (1991). Introduction to psy- When crossing office boundaries and chotherapy research. In L. E. Beutler engaging in dual relationships are clini- and M. Crago, Psychotherapy Research. cally beneficial and ethically sound. Washington DC: American Independent Practitioner, 21 (1), 96-100.
Bulletin ADVERTISING RATES
Full Page (8.5” x 5.75”)$300 per issueDeadlines for Submission Half Page (4.25” x 5.75”)$200 per issue August 15 for Fall Issue Quarter Page (4.25” x 3”)$100 per issue December 1 for Winter Issue Send your camera ready advertisement, February 15 for Spring Issue along with a check made payable to May 1 for Summer Issue Division 29, to: All APA Divisions and Subsidiaries (Task Division of Psychotherapy (29) Forces, Standing and Ad Hoc Committees, 6557 E. Riverdale Liaison and Representative Roles) materials Mesa, AZ 85215 will be published at no charge as space allows.
32 DIVISION 29 MEMBERS RECONNECTING
33 AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL FOUNDATION 2005 Randy Gerson Memorial Grant
The American Psychological Foundation (APF) announces the Randy Gerson Memorial Grant to be given in 2005. For the 2005 cycle of the grant, graduate students engaged in doctoral studies are invited to apply. The grant has been created to advance the systemic understanding of family and/or couple dynamics and/or multi-generational processes. Work that advances theory, assess- ment, or clinical practice in these areas shall be considered eligible for grants through the fund. Preference will be given to projects using or contributing to the development of Bowen family sys- tems. Priority also will be given to those projects that serve to advance Dr. Gerson’s work.
ELIGIBILITY REQUIREMENTS: Applicants from a variety of educational settings are encouraged to apply. Awards will be given in alternate years to students and professionals. The 2005 grant will go to a graduate student engaged in doctoral studies.
APPLICATIONS MUST INCLUDE: Ⅲ Statement of the proposed project Ⅲ Rationale for how the project meets the goals of the fund Ⅲ Budget for the project Ⅲ Statement about how the results of the project will be disseminated (published paper, report, monograph, etc.) Ⅲ Personal reference material (vita and two letters of recommendation) Ⅲ Official transcript
PROCEDURE: Submit entire application electronically to APF ([email protected]) by February 1, 2005. Applicants will be notified on or after April 15, 2005. Amount of Grant: $5,000.00 Deadline: February 1, 2005
FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION: Contact the APF Awards Coordinator/Gerson, 750 First Street, NE, Washington, DC 20002-4242. Telephone: (202) 336-5843. Internet: [email protected]. The APF encourages applications from individuals that represent diversity in race, ethnicity, gender, age, and sexual orientation.
Call for Applications The American Psychological Foundation (APF) is requesting proposals for the Randy Gerson Memorial Grant. The Gerson Grant provides a $5,000 grant consistent with the goal of advancing the systemic understanding of couple and/or family dynamics and/or multi-generational process- es. Work that advances theory, assessment, or clinical practice in these areas shall be considered eli- gible for grants through the fund. A strong preference will be given to projects using or contribut- ing to the Bowen family systems theory. Priority will also be given to those applicants furthering the work of Dr. Gerson. Eligibility: Individuals from a variety of educational settings are encouraged to apply. The 2005 award will go to a graduate student engaged in doctoral studies. Deadline for applications: February 1, 2005 For application procedures and additional information, contact: APF Awards Coordinator/Gerson • 750 First Street, NE • Washington, D.C. 20002-4242 202-336-5814 • [email protected] 34 WASHINGTON SCENE Personal Involvement Makes All the Difference by Pat DeLeon, former APA President
Children And Youth Are More Than children.... Unfortunately, some infant and Little Adults – This Spring, the U.S. Senate toddlers experience mental health prob- Committee on Health, Education, Labor and lems. The early social and emotional devel- Pensions (HELP) held a hearing entitled opment of babies and toddlers is vulnera- “Mental Health in Children and Youth: ble to such factors as repeated exposure to Issues Throughout the Developmental violence, persistent fear and stress, abuse Process.” U.S. Senator Susan Collins noted: and neglect, severe chronic maternal “Serious mental illness afflicts millions of depression, biological factors such as pre- our nation’s children and adolescents. It is maturity and low birth weight, and condi- estimated that as many as 20 percent of tions associated with prenatal substance American children under the age of 17 suf- abuse. Without intervention, these risk fac- fer from a mental, emotional or behavioral tors can result in mental health disorders.... illness. What I find most disturbing, how- Unlike adults, babies and toddlers have ever, is the fact that two-thirds of all young fairly limited ways of responding to stress people who need mental health treatment and trauma.... Babies do not exist in isola- are not getting it. Behind each of these sta- tion. The parent’s mental health can also tistics is a family that is struggling to do the affect the young child.... There are many best it can to help a son or daughter with good reasons to care about early social and serious mental health needs to be just like emotional development.... Young children every kid – to develop friendships, to do who do not achieve early social and emo- well in school, and to get along with their tional milestones perform poorly in early siblings and other family members....” school years, and are at higher risk for school problems and juvenile delinquency Two APA colleagues testified that morning, later in life....” providing interesting and yet different psy- chological perspectives. [Joy Osofsky]: [Louise Douce]: “I oversee the provision of “Despite what we know from science and a broad range of mental and behavioral research, discussions on children’s mental health services to nearly 50,000 students health have consistently excluded babies each year. I appreciate this opportunity to and toddlers, focusing instead on school- speak with you today about the growing age children and adolescents. Although mental and behavioral health needs of col- they cannot talk to us about what they are lege students.... During the period from feeling like older children can, babies and 1975 and 1995 colleges and university toddlers have many ways of communicat- counseling centers saw a dramatic increase ing, and we have many ways to assess their in both the numbers and severity of mental social and emotional needs. Most babies health concerns.... More specifically, a experience healthy social and emotional research consortium of 36 counseling cen- development. They smile and coo, cry and ters found increases in anxiety, fear and recover, and become social beings.... worries and dysfunctional behavior Attachment is one of the most critical including eating disorders, alcohol and developmental tasks of infancy. We know substance abuse and anger/hostility. They from the science of early childhood devel- also reported increases in the impact of vio- opment that early relationships and attach- lence, family dynamics, depression and ments to a primary caregiver are the most bipolar disorder.... In the years ahead, I consistent and enduring influence on social would expect to see the trend of an increas- and emotional development for young ing number of students seeking mental and 35 behavioral health services to continue – if Maryland. Richard was the first Catherine not grow at a more significant pace. Acuff Fellow in 2001-2003, where he served Current research suggests that more stu- in the Office of U.S. Senator Paul dents are entering college with prior treat- Wellstone. His Fellowship year on Capitol ment histories of severe mental illness now Hill was marked by momentous events, controlled with medication, a great thing. including September 11th and the anthrax However, they may have more difficulty attacks. While with Senator Wellstone, he with adjustment to change and are at covered a range of health and mental increased risk of relapse or reoccurrence health policy issues, including bioterror- without appropriate mental health sup- ism, Medicare and Medicaid, domestic vio- port.... Let me speak to one of the most seri- lence, medical devices, muscular dystro- ous issues in this population, suicide. phy, rural health, and others. At the con- Suicide is the second leading cause of clusion of his Fellowship year, Richard death among college students. A 2000 sur- stayed on with Senator Wellstone until the vey by the American College Health Senator’s tragic death. Association found that within the last year 33% of college students reported feeling Following his tenure on the U.S. Senate hopeless, 22% said they felt so depressed staff, Richard remained involved in both they could barely function, 9% seriously policy and politics. He assisted in vetting considered suicide; and, 1.5% had actually Governor Howard Dean’s mental health attempted suicide....” Psychology’s scien- policy and in March ran as a Kerry dele- tific and clinical expertise can make a dif- gate in the Maryland primary. He received ference in the lives of our nation’s families 47,000 votes and was elected as a delegate. and their loved ones. In addition to casting his vote at the Boston Convention; participating in policy briefin- An Evolving Awareness – We have been gs and forums; and being present for the very pleased with the extent to which, over addresses by former Presidents Clinton a prolonged period of time, an increasing and Carter, and by the Presidential and number of colleagues have made highly Vice Presidential nominees John Kerry and tangible and lasting contributions to soci- John Edwards, Richard was particularly ety. Psychology (i.e., the behavioral sci- proud to have been able to cast his vote in ences) has much to contribute to improv- support of the Democratic Party Platform. ing the daily lives of our nation’s (and the This was the first time that any political world’s) citizens. Collectively, we are party had included in their party platform beginning to appreciate that it takes vision, an endorsement of mental health parity. personal commitment, and active partici- The Paul Wellstone Mental Health pation in the public policy (i.e., political) Equitable Treatment Act was named after process to effectively share our expertise the late Senator who for many years was its with those who ultimately establish the rel- most vocal Democratic champion. evant public policies – whether this be in health, education, housing, or any number “The convention was an amazing experi- of other arenas. As highly educated profes- ence. The energy and excitement was pal- sionals, we can make a real difference on pable. Each day started with a state delega- the national, global, and at the extraordi- tion breakfast. For the Maryland delega- narily important local level. However, to tion, that was an opportunity to hear from accomplish this objective, we must be per- and talk with the state’s U.S. Senators Paul sonally involved. Sarbanes and Barbara Mikulski; from the Maryland Congressional delegation; and At the National Level – Richard McKeon, guest speakers like Gov. Howard Dean, former APA Congressional Science Fellow, House Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi, and attended the Democratic National Gore 2000 Campaign Chair Donna Brazile. Convention in Boston as an elected dele- The days were filled with policy briefings, gate from the 8th Congressional District in receptions, and trainings. An example was 36 an all day forum on health care at historic will probably be a million psychologists in Fanueil Hall featuring Senator Ted the world.” Accordingly, it was very nice to Kennedy, Gov. Howard Dean, Senator see Ray in Honolulu and learn that he and Hillary Clinton, and numerous others. his wife Sandy were soon to be en route to Mental health care was a frequent topic at China. the forum, with former Surgeon General David Satcher particularly prominent. “It was good to see you at the APA con- Especially moving was Iowa Governor vention in your favorite state. The great Tom Vilsack’s passionate plea for the success of the convention certainly con- importance of mental health and substance firmed the wisdom of your strong recom- abuse treatment in which he described his mendation seven years ago that it was time own experience as a child of an alcoholic to return to Hawaii. From the delightful parent, watching his family walking his opening ceremony through the closing, I mother around their home trying to keep thought the convention was well planned her conscious after she took an overdose in and very enjoyable. I was no exception in a suicide attempt while intoxicated. enjoying the convention; I didn’t see any- one who didn’t. Despite dire warnings that “The Convention touched an array of emo- everyone would desert the convention for tions for me. As a young boy who grew up the pleasures of Oahu, it was particularly idolizing Robert F. Kennedy, it meant a lot good to see the meeting rooms filled and to me to be on the floor to listen to Senator workshops well attended. I am sure it Edward Kennedy; to reflect on the fact that won’t be 32 years before APA returns to for half a century, Democratic conventions Hawaii. I heard people suggesting that we had listened to historic speeches from John, start meeting there on a regular basis. Robert, and Ted Kennedy; and to become part of that tradition. There were moments “Immediately after the convention, I left for of great uplift, such as Barack Obama’s the International Congress of Psychology keynote address, and great sadness, such (ICP) in Beijing, as did many other APA as hearing once again the voice of Senator members, including President Diane Wellstone, as the Convention memorial- Halpern and CEO Norman Anderson. With ized those leaders who had died in the past a few days to spare before the congress four years. Perhaps stronger than anything began, Sandy and I flew to Shanghai and else, however, was the powerful sense of a took an overnight train to Jinan (a memo- community of people with shared values, rable experience of roughing it) where the united behind a single purpose. It was a members of the International Council of privilege to be able to be part of that.” Psychologists were holding their annual meeting and then flew to Bejing. At the International Level – For many years, former APA CEO (and APA “The International Union of Psychological President) Ray Fowler has been on the Sciences (IUPsyS) sponsors a major inter- “cutting edge” of psychology’s interna- national congress every four years and the tional activities. During my tenure as APA International Association of Applied President, Ray provided the Board of Psychology (IAAP) holds its congress two Directors with an absolutely invaluable years later. The two organizations cooper- perspective during one of our retreat dis- ate in many ways, and participate actively cussions. He pointed out, for example, in each other’s congresses. IUPsyS is some- that: “We [in the U.S.] are a very small times called the United Nations of psychol- piece of the world’s population and only 20 ogy. Its members are 65 national organiza- percent of the world’s psychologists tions; most of the nations of the world are [100,000 of the estimated 500,000]. represented in its membership. IAAP is an Psychology around the world is experienc- organization of individual members; its ing the kind of explosive growth we had membership includes psychologists from post-WWII. In another decade or so, there 90 countries. 37 “The Congress in Beijing, sponsored by are APA members: Canadians Pierre IUPsyS, was the first major psychological Ritchie (Secretary-General) and Michael meeting ever held in China. It was sched- Sabourin (Treasurer). Merry Bullock, uled a week after the APA convention to Deputy Secretary-General, is the associate encourage the attendance of APA mem- executive director for science at APA. bers. Despite worries that the expense of APA’s strong and active international out- flying to China might discourage potential reach is highly respected by psychologists attendees, the Congress attracted over 5000 in other counties, and should certainly be a participants and a comparable number of source of pride to all APA members.” professional papers and symposia. Since psychology has had a difficult time in At The All Important Local Level – The China, having a successful congress was 21st century will be an era of interdiscipli- particularly important, and a success it nary collaboration and psychology’s active was, starting with the opening ceremony involvement within our nation’s health keynoted by Nobel Laureate and APA care arena. Those of us who are supportive member Daniel Kahneman, whose exciting of psychology’s prescriptive authority paper was followed by Chinese acrobats agenda (RxP-) see this as a natural expan- doing things one would not believe a sion of psychological practice. human body could do. Unprecedented changes and challenges are definitely in the winds. The Veterans “The Chinese Psychological Society and Administration (VA) recently promulgated APA were isolated from each other for sev- proposed modifications in its Patients’ eral decades as a side effect of the cold war Rights regulations to bring the provisions between our respective governments, but regarding medication into conformity with we have had a warm relationship since rela- current law and practice. The changes are tionships were reopened in the 1970s. I had primarily intended to clarify that it is per- the good fortune of being the first U.S. psy- missible for VA patients to receive medica- chologist to visit the Chinese Institute of tion prescribed by any health care profes- Psychology in 1979 after friendly relation- sional legally authorized to prescribe med- ships resumed between our countries. I ication. “When VA promulgated the went to represent the APA Board of patients’ rights rule in 1982, physicians Directors and extend an invitation to the were generally the only health care Chinese Psychological Association to attend providers authorized to prescribe medica- the next APAconvention. Professor Qicheng tion.... However, that is no longer the case. Jing, Vice President of the Chinese Under current law, other health care pro- Psychological Society, attended the 1980 fessionals are legally licensed to prescribe convention in New York and gave a moving medication and typically do so in health address to the Council of Representatives care settings across the Nation. For exam- about the troubles experienced by Chinese ple, licensed registered nurse practitioners psychologists during the culture wars of the are licensed to independently prescribe 1970s. Professor Jing was the President of medication in virtually every state in the the Beijing Congress and a major spearhead United States.... VA is proposing to elimi- in its planning and development. nate the specific references to physicians... and to substitute references to appropriate “The election for a new President of the health care professionals.” International Union of Psychological Sciences took place during the congress, Similarly, Morgan Sammons has noted that and APA Board of Directors member Bruce a recent report from the Center for Mental Overmier easily defeated candidates from Health Services (HHS) reflects a similar Mexico and South Africa. Bruce will lead appreciation for the evolving contributions this important organization for four years, of non-physician providers: “(A)dvances concluding his presidency at the 2008 con- in psychopharmacology and expansion of gress in Berlin. For perhaps the first time in the professions able to prescribe medica- the long history of IUPsyS, all four officers tion for the treatment of mental illness are 38 expected to have major consequences on ment: ‘The Practice of psychology may the ability to effectively treat mental health include the observation and monitoring of consumers as well as on the number of the effects and effectiveness of pharmaco- active specialty service providers. These logic interventions on individual’s psycho- advances are most likely to have conse- logical functioning (e.g., affect, mood, cog- quences for the professional groups that nition and behavior). The monitoring of now have or can be expected to gain pre- pharmacologic effects should be grounded scription writing privileges as well as those in relevant clinical observation, psycholog- professional groups that the prescription ical assessment and/or neuropsychologi- writing professions supervise. Whereas cal assessment. Psychologists may engage psychiatrists and other physicians now in consultation with physicians regarding have the right to prescribe medications for the potential observed effects of medica- the treatment of mental illness, other spe- tions on psychological conditions; howev- cialty services providers – for example, er, psychologists should refer to a physi- Ph.D.-level clinical psychologists and mas- cian or appropriate medical provider for ter’s-level psychiatric nurses – are gaining the management of medications. the privilege, with proper training, to pro- Psychologists should be aware of the limi- vide medications for the care of persons tations of their knowledge regarding med- with mental illness. When they gain this ication effects (such as medical contra-indi- privilege, their number should increase, cations, side effects, drug interactions, or particularly in rural and frontier areas, the effects of medications on multiple where psychiatrists or child psychiatrists physiological systems)....’ In a letter dated are few in number and primary care physi- July 16, 2004, the Managing Executive cians may prefer to refer mentally ill per- Director of the Board clarified.... ‘The issue sons to specialty providers.” of such discussions with patients is implic- it in the language of the policy’ (presum- In many ways, the next frontier for psy- ably because consultation with another chology’s RxP- scope of practice agenda professional implies prior consultation will be at the state and local level, rather with the patient).” than at the federal level. The DoD Psychopharmacology Fellows have proved In-depth discussions with elected and beyond all reasonable doubt that psycholo- appointed officials are important and defi- gy can learn to competently and cost-effec- nitely do make a difference. They establish tively prescribe. Professional psychology is the foundation for mutual understanding well aware of the APA Practice and respect over the years. In issuing this Directorate’s impressive legislative suc- RxP- policy statement, the New Jersey cesses in New Mexico, Louisiana, and Board of Psychological Examiners joined Guam (with some even appreciating nine other state boards (OK, PA, LA, CA, Indiana’s success back in 1993). DC, MA, FL, MO, and NH), with the Ohio Board having modified its regulations. The key to legislative success is developing Three of the four members of Hawaii’s a credible foundation. Accordingly, we Congressional delegation served at one were particularly pleased to learn from point in their careers as members of our Bob McGrath (Director of the Fairleigh Territorial and/or State legislature. I would Dickinson University RxP- training pro- rhetorically ask: How many of our readers gram) that: “Last Spring, the New Jersey know who are their representatives in their Psychological Association approached the local House and Senate (not to mention at New Jersey Board of Psychological the federal level)? And, How many have Examiners requesting a formal statement actually met with these elected officials indicating consultation with patients con- within the past year? Personal involve- cerning medication falls within the practice ment is the key to having psychology’s col- of psychology. On July 12, 2004, the New lective voice heard by those who represent Jersey Board adopted the following state- society’s interests. Aloha,
39 Control-Mastery Theory Telephone Case Conferences
Alan Rappoport, Ph.D.
This is to announce openings in two Control-Mastery Theory case conferences being held via telephone. These teleconferences make training in the theory avail- able to anyone, regardless of location. Each conference has a different structure and purpose, and you are invited to participate in either or both of them.
In the case study conference, we focus on one case at a time. We follow that case exclusively for several weeks, starting at its inception, to help participants gain experience in building in-depth case formulations. We watch how the psychother- apy process unfolds over time, and see how well our hypotheses about the case are borne out. We also discuss theoretical and practical issues that arise in relation to the case. This conference meets on Mondays at 10:00AM, Pacific Time.
In the second format, the case consultation conference, each participant has the opportunity to present his or her own case material. Two or three people may pre- sent during each session. In this conference, we use the theory to help participants understand and overcome problems they may have with particular cases. We also attend to countertransference issues and discuss general theoretical matters. This conference meets on Tuesdays at 12:00NOON, Pacific Time.
Each teleconference meets weekly for fifty-five minutes. The fee is $40 per week.
Teleconferences are very time-efficient, since attendance requires no additional time for travel. The fifty-five minute format is designed to fit into clinicians’ typical schedules.
Please contact me at [email protected], or at 650-323-7875, for fur- ther information. You can also visit my website, www.alanrappoport.com, for more information about me and my work.
40 AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL FOUNDATION GGOLDOLD MMEDALEDAL AAWWARDSARDS
The American Psychological Foundation (APF) invites nominations for the APF 2005 Gold Medal awards. The awards include a medal, $2,000 (to be donated by APF to the charitable institution of the winner’s choice), and an all-expense-paid trip for the award winner and one guest to the 2005 APA convention in Washington, DC, for two nights and three days. (Coach round-trip airfare, and reasonable expenses for accommodations, and meals for two individuals will be reimbursed.) The Gold Medal awards recognize life achievement in and enduring contributions to psychology. Eligibility is limited to psychologists 65 years or older residing in North America. Awards are conferred in four categories:
Ⅲ Gold Medal Award for Life Achievement in the Science of Psychology recognizes a distinguished career and enduring contribution to advancing psychological science.
Ⅲ Gold Medal Award for Life Achievement in the Application of Psychology recognizes a distinguished career and enduring contribution to advancing the application of psychology through methods, research, and/or application of psychological techniques to important practical problems.
Ⅲ Gold Medal Award for Enduring Contribution by a Psychologist in the Public Interest recognizes a distinguished career and enduring contribution to the application of psychology in the public interest.
Ⅲ Gold Medal Award for Life Achievement in the Practice of Psychology recog- nizes a distinguished career and enduring contribution to advancing the profes- sional practice of psychology through a demonstrable effect on patterns of service delivery in the profession.
Nomination Process: Gold medal award nominations should indicate the specific award for which the individual is nominated and should include a nomination statement that traces the nominee’s cumulative record of enduring contribution to the purpose of the award, as well as the nominee’s current vita and bibliography. Letters in support of the nomination are also welcome. All nomination materials should be coordinated and collected by the chief nominator and forwarded together in one package. (Note: There is no nomination form.)
The deadline for receipt of complete nomination materials is December 1, 2004; complete nomination packets should be mailed to the Gold Medal Awards Coordinator, American Psychological Foundation, 750 First Street, NE, Washington, DC 20002- 4242.
41 CALL FOR NOMINATIONS • DIVISION 29 FELLOWS
Deadline for nominations: Oct.15, 2004. The Division offers its congratulations to our 2004 Fellows: Deadline for receipt of all application Initial Fellows: materials: November 15, 2004 Jacques Barber Steven Gold Letters of nomination and requests for application materials should be sent to: Current Fellows approved for Division 29 Fellow status: Roberta L. Nutt, Ph.D. Division 29 Fellows Chair Jerry Grammer Department of Psychology & Philosophy Nadine Kaslow P. O. Box 425470 Scotty Hargrove Texas Woman’s University Doug Haldeman Denton, TX 76204-5470 Brent Mallinckrodt (940) 898-2313 Bruce Wampold [email protected] Lillian Comas-Diaz
CALL FOR AWARD NOMINATIONS
The APA Division of Psychotherapy invites nominations for its two annual awards in 2004. The Distinguished Psychologist Award recognizes lifetime contributions to psychotherapy, psychology, and the Division of Psychotherapy. The Jack D. Krasner Memorial Award recog- nizes promising contributions to psychotherapy, psychology, and the Division of Psychotherapy by a Division 29 member with 10 or fewer years of post-doctoral experience. Letters of nomination outlining the nominee’s credentials and contributions should be forwarded to the Division 29 2005 Awards Chair: Linda Campbell, Ph.D., University of Georgia, 402 Aderhold Hall, Athens, GA 30602-7142, Ofc: 706-542-8508 Fax: 770-594-9441, E-Mail: [email protected]. The applicant’s CV would also be helpful. Self-nominations are welcomed. Deadline is January 1, 2005
Call for Nominations • Rosalee G. Weiss Award The Rosalee G. Weiss Award is a joint award, bestowed by the Divisions of Psychotherapy and Independent Practice in alternate years and administered by the American Psychological Foundation. It was established in 1994 by Raymond A. Weiss, Ph.D., to honor his wife, Rosalee. The lecturer receives $800 honorarium
The Awards Committee shall employ the following guidelines for the selection of the recipient of the Rosalee G. Weiss Award: 1. Outstanding leader in arts or science whose contributions have significance for psychology, but whose careers are not directly in the spheres encompassed by psychology; or, 2. Outstanding leaders in any of the special areas within the spheres of psychology. Letters of nomination outlining the nominee’s credentials and contributions should be forwarded to the Division 29 2005 Awards Chair: Linda Campbell, Ph.D., University of Georgia, 402 Aderhold Hall, Athens, GA 30602-7142, Ofc: 706-542-8508 Fax: 770-594-9441, E-Mail: [email protected]. The applicant’s CV would also be helpful. Self-nominations are welcomed. Deadline is January 1, 2005 42 AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL FOUNDATION Charles L. Brewer Distinguished Teaching of Psychology Award
The American Psychological Foundation (APF) invites nominations for the APF 2005 Charles L. Brewer Distinguished Teaching of Psychology Award.
THE AWARD: The awardee receives a plaque, a $2,000 check, and a two-night, three-day, all-expenses- paid trip to the American Psychological Association’s (APA) 2005 annual convention, in Washington, DC, where the award will be presented.
REQUIREMENTS: The award recognizes a career contribution to the teaching of psychology. The APF Teaching Subcommittee selects a psychologist for the award who has demonstrated:
Ⅲ Exemplary performance as a classroom teacher; Ⅲ Development of innovative curricula and courses; Ⅲ Development of effective teaching methods and/or materials; Ⅲ Teaching of advanced research methods and practice in psychology; and/or, Ⅲ Administrative facilitation of teaching; Ⅲ Research on teaching; Ⅲ Training of teachers of psychology; Ⅲ Evidence of influence as a teacher of students who become psychologists.
APPLICATION PROCESS: APF provides nomination forms. Nominations should include the form, a statement that illustrates how the nominee fulfills the guidelines of the award, and the nominee’s cur- rent vita and bibliography. Letters in support of the nomination are welcome. All materi- als should be coordinated and collected by the chief nominator and forwarded to APF at the same time.
The deadline for receipt of materials is December 1, 2004. Requests for nomination forms and completed nomination packets should be mailed to the APF Charles L. Brewer Teaching Award Coordinator, 750 First Street, NE, Washington, DC, 20002-4242. Requests for nomination forms may also be sent to [email protected].
43 DIV 29 CANDIDATES FOR APA PRESIDENT
Gerard Koocher College, Boston University, Northeastern University, and Simmons College. I am a practitioner • Currently, tenured Professor of • I am licensed as a psy- Psychology and Dean of Health Studies chologist in MA and at Simmons College. NH and belong to • Served as a Trustee of the Massachusetts both SPAs. School of Professional Psychology for 23 • I hold 5 ABPP diplo- years, currently Vice Chair of Board. mas (clinical, child and adolescent, family, forensic, and I am a public interest advocate clinical health psychology). • Served as a public-interest trustee and • My practice includes individual psycho- Chair of the Association for the therapy with children and adults, family Advancement of Psychology. therapy, and child custody evaluations, • Served as trustee and President of as well as divorce mediation. I specialize Community Mental Health Center over in working with families and individu- two decades als confronting chronic and life-threaten- • Received American Psychological ing illness. Association’s Award for Distinguished Professional Contributions to Public I am a behavioral scientist Service. • Served as Principal Investigator on com- • Served as a member of the National petitive research grants worth more than Advisory Board for Ethics and $3.2 million in direct costs from private Reproduction. foundations and federal agencies includ- ing the Commonwealth Fund, National I have the leadership experience to guide Cancer Institute (NCI), National Heart and speak for psychology Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), • Served as President of Massachusetts and National Institute of Mental Health New England Psychological Associations (NIMH), and National Institute of • Elected a Fellow of twelve APA Divisions Neurological Disorders and Stroke (1, 7, 9, 12, 18, 29, 37, 38, 41, 42, 53, and 54) (NINDS). • Served as President of three APA • Currently serve as a member of the Divisions: 12 (Clinical), 29 NIMH Data Safety Monitoring Board for (Psychotherapy), 37 (Child, Youth, and autism studies. Family), and of the section on Clinical • Published more than 75 peer-reviewed Child Psychology (now Division 53) and articles in premier psychology and med- Society of Pediatric Psychology (now ical journals, and an additional 75 book Division 54). chapters. • Served with distinction in APA gover- • Served as Editor of four scholarly jour- nance: Council Representative from nals and as a consulting editor to ten. Massachusetts (3 terms, 9 years total); • Published eleven books, including three Committee on Children Youth and widely used textbooks. Families (4 years, 2 as Chair); Ethics Committee (3 years); Finance and I am an experienced educator Investment Committees (13 years total, 10 • Faculty member at Harvard Medical as Chair); Committee for the School, 30 years; Chair of academic Advancement of Professional Practice (10 department at the nations’ premier pedi- years); and Publications and atric teaching hospital. Communications Board (10 years); APA • In addition to Harvard, taught both Insurance Trust Trustee (10 years); APA undergraduate and graduate students at Board of Directors (2 terms, 10 years as the University of Missouri, Boston Treasurer). 44 Candidates for APA President, continued • Encourage members of divisions and state-provincial associations to become involved in APA governance and bring Lawrence Ritt their insights, knowledge and skills to help grow new ideas and behaviors Why am I a candidate? I within APA. am very concerned • Seek “grassroots” member input into a about the negative per- wide range of governance decisions ceptions held by many including choice of convention dates members who are not and venues, long term program priori- directly involved in APA ties and goals, etc. governance. They com- • Establish a cycle of 10-20 year “Sunset plain that “APA is out-of-touch…not very Reviews” of all APA Boards and relevant to my professional life…doesn’t Committees including calls for input seem to care what I think.” Although per- from members regarding the continuing haps not accurate, such perceptions need need for each committee/board. to be addressed and corrected because they obviously impact member satisfaction and Who am I? Doctorate in clinical psycholo- involvement, retention, and recruitment. gy from an APA-approved program · Independent practice 1974-1998 · State and provincial associations continu- President of Professional Resource Press. ously seek feedback from members and modify their governance, budgetary prior- APA - 9 years on Council of ities, conventions, and every other aspect Representatives · Co-chair of the Finance of their organizations based on what mem- Committee · Chair of the Caucus of State bers tell them. My book publishing compa- and Provincial Representatives · Chair of ny sends a “60 Second Critique” card out the Public Information Committee · with every shipped order….and I make Member of the Continuing Professional sure all questions and critiques receive a Education Committee · Member of the personal response. Yet, in my 30+ years of Assembly of Scientist/Practitioner APA membership, I can never recall any- Psychologists, Society of Clinical one at APA asking “How are we doing?”, Psychology, and Divisions of “What can we do better?”, or “What Can Psychotherapy, Independent Practice, APA Do for You?” If I am elected APA Social Issues, State Affairs, Psychology & President, I will make APA more respon- Law, Men and Masculinity, and sive to the needs of its members. Among Psychopharmacology. my first initiatives will be: Florida Psychological Association (FPA) – • The development of a broad-based President · 18 years on Board of Directors · working group that will use APA’s Treasurer · Chair of Political Action existing research and quick survey Committee (PAC) · FPA awards as capabilities to assess a wide range of “Distinguished Psychologist,” member expectation, satisfaction, and “Outstanding Contributions to quality improvement variables. Professional Psychology,” and FPA’s • The establishment of mechanisms for Women’s Division award for “selfless disseminating and addressing the find- dedication to the betterment of women ings and recommendations of the work- within FPA, as well as APA…” ing group within all Boards, Committees, Divisions, and State & Steering committee and participant in the Provincial Associations. National Conference on the Scientist- • Establish “We are elected and Practitioner Education and Training for employed to serve our members” as a the Professional Practice of Psychology guiding principle at APA. (“The Gainesville Conference”).
45 46 47 48