DOCSLIB.ORG

Record of Winter Monsoon Strength Arising From: G

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Record of Winter Monsoon Strength Arising From: G NATURE | Vol 450 | 15 November 2007 BRIEF COMMUNICATIONS ARISING Record of winter monsoon strength Arising from: G. Yancheva et al. Nature 455, 74–77 (2007). The Asian summer monsoon has been precisely reconstructed from It would also account for some puzzles arising from the connection the high-resolution record from the speleothem1, but reconstruction between Ti content and the Asian winter monsoon. For example, of the Asian winter monsoon is less satisfactory. Yancheva et al.2 although the Ti content indicates a southward movement of the provide such a reconstruction for the last 16,000 years from the tita- intertropical convergence zone 7.8 kyr ago2, some places further nium (Ti) content of the sediments of Lake Huguang Maar in coastal north experienced a stronger summer monsoon until about 6 kyr South China. However, we argue that the Ti is likely to have come ago14,15; the Ti content during the Holocene is comparable with those mainly from the catchment and so the Ti content may instead be during the Younger Dryas and the pre-Bølling–Allerød periods2, but related to the hydrology of the lake. other records indicate that the summer monsoon was much stronger Considering the small catchment and densely vegetated inner and that the winter monsoon was much weaker during the Holocene slope of the lake, Yancheva et al.2 overlook the Ti from the catchment than during the two cold, dry periods15,16. through runoff. However, weathering and erosion in coastal South The correspondence between the higher Ti content and occur- China are intensive, owing to high temperatures and heavy precip- remce of coarser sediments during the Younger Dryas and the pre- itation. The steep slopes surrounding the lake3 would promote sur- Bølling–Allerød periods2,4 indicates a connection between the Ti face erosion further. Sandy sediments in the lake4 are strong evidence content and the hydrology of the lake. The higher Ti content during for significant terrigenous input through runoff. This is strengthened the period 5.2–7.8 kyr ago2 may have been caused by a similar mech- by records from Tianyang Maar in the Leizhou Peninsula5 and anism because precipitation may have been lower for this period3. Shuangchi Maar in the north of Hainan6, which indicate that terri- Precipitation in coastal South China during 7.2–2.7 kyr ago may also genous input through runoff may be common for Maars in coastal have been reduced in Shuangchi Maar6. If Ti was transported into the South China. The basalts and laterite in the Leizhou peninsula, which lake mainly in particle and colloidal phases, increased input through are dominant in the catchment, have a high Ti content7 (Table 1) and runoff and reduced water depth could have contributed to the higher so should be important sources of Ti for the lake. Ti content recorded in these cores2. More importantly, the flux of the lithogenic materials to the lake, Our alternative interpretation is therefore that the Ti content may 5–10 and 10–20 mg cm22 yr21 during the Holocene and glacial have been controlled by the hydrology of the lake, rather than by the times, respectively2, is too high to be explained by a wind-blown Asian winter monsoon. Whether, and how, this mechanism could mechanism. Although it is comparable with an estimated modern influence proxies such as total organic carbon and magnetic pro- dust flux of 4.6 mg cm22 yr21 in coastal South China2, the dust flux perties, however, needs further investigation. was probably overestimated, given the atmospheric dust concentra- Houyun Zhou1,2, Huazheng Guan1,3 & Baoquan Chi1,3 tion in coastal South China8 and its settling velocity9. In addition, 1Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, modern observation indicates that mineral dust flux on the Loess Guangzhou 510640, China. 22 21 plateau ranges between 15 and 36 mg cm yr at sites close to dust 2The Earth Dynamic System Research Center, National Cheng-Kung 2 2 sources and between 9 and 10 mg cm 2 yr 1 at other sites, but only University, Tainan 701, Taiwan. about 25% of the particles are smaller than 6 mm (ref. 10). Particles e-mail: [email protected] larger than 6 mm generally have short atmospheric lifetimes owing to 3The Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, gravitational settling11. Lake Huguang Maar is about 1,500 km south China. of the Loess plateau and is not on a main dust trajectory. It should Received 25 January; accepted 20 September 2007. have a dust deposition rate much smaller than 2.5 mg cm22 yr21. , 1. Wang, Y.-J. et al. A high-resolution absolute-dated late Pleistocene monsoon record This is consistent with model-derived deposition rates of 0.2 to from Hulu Cave, China. Science 294, 2345–2348 (2001). 22 21 11,12 0.5 mg cm yr at this site . This evidence disproves wind- 2. Yancheva, G. et al. Influence of the intertropical convergence zone on the East Asian blown dust from remote North China as the main source of Ti to monsoon. Nature 455, 74–77 (2007). Lake Huguang Maar. 3. Mingram, J. et al. The Huguang maar lake—a high-resolution record of palaeoenvironmental and palaeoclimatic changes over the last 78,000 years from The Ti content of local basalts and laterite is apparently higher than South China. Quat. Int. 122, 85–107 (2004). in the loess deposit in the Loess plateau (Table 1)7,13. A source of Ti 4. Wang, W.-Y. et al. The two-step monsoon changes of the last deglaciation recorded from the catchment is therefore more reasonable. This explanation is in tropical Maar Lake Huguangyan, southern China. Chin. Sci. Bull. 45, 1529–1532 (2000). supported by the correspondence of high Ti content with the occur- 5. Zheng, Z. & Lei, Z.-Q. A 400,000 year record of vegetational and climatic changes rence of sandy sediments during two cold, dry phases, the Younger from a volcanic basin, Leizhou Peninsula, southern China. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Dryas episode and the period before the Bølling–Allerød warming2,4. Palaeoecol. 145, 339–362 (1999). 6. Zheng, Z. et al. High-resolution records of Holocene from the Shuangchi Maar Lake in Hainan Island. Chin. Sci. Bull. 48, 497–502 (2003). 7. Xu, Y.-F., Zhu, Z.-Y., Wen, G.-G., Liang, J.-P. & Luo, S.-W. Geochemistry and soil- Table 1 | Ti content in basalt and laterite and in loess-palaeosol forming environment of the red soil section in the southern Leizhou Peninsula, Guangdong Province. Geochimica 29, 402–408 (2000). Laterite range (%) Laterite average (%) Basalt (%) 8. Cao, J.-J. et al. Characterization of dust storms to Hong Kong in April 1998. Water Air Site 91.67–1.76 1.71 1.12 Soil Pollut. Focus 3, 213–229 (2003). Site 10 1.53–1.61 1.57 1.05 9. Reid, J. S. et al. Analysis of measurements of Saharan dust by airborne and Site 11 1.24–1.57 1.47 ground-based remote sensing methods during the Puerto Rico Dust Site 12 0.93–1.13 1.03 0.88 Experiment (PRIDE). J. Geophys. Res. 108 (D19), 8586, doi:10.1029/2002JD002493 Site 13 1.16–1.51 1.26 (2003). 10. Sun, D.-H., Chen, F.-H., Bloemendal, J. & Su, R.-X. Seasonal variability of modern dust Range (%) Average (%) over the Loess Plateau of China. J. Geophys. Res. 108 (D21), 4665, doi:10.1029/ 2003JD003382 (2003). 0 43 0 53 0 48 Loess . – . 11. Ginoux, P. et al. Sources and distributions of dust aerosols simulated 0 42 0 51 0 44 Palaeosol . – . with the GOCART model. J. Geophys. Res. 106 (D17), 20255–20273 The Ti contents are calculated according to the TiO2 contents in the basalt and laterite on the (2001). Leizhou Peninsula, coastal South China7, and in the loess-palaeosol deposition at Luochuan, 12. Mahowald, N. et al. Dust sources and deposition during the last glacial North China13. maximum and current climate: A comparison of model results with paleodata E10 © 2007 Nature Publishing Group NATURE | Vol 450 | 15 November 2007 BRIEF COMMUNICATIONS ARISING from ice cores and marine sediments. J. Geophys. Res. 104 (D13), 15895–15916 15. Dykoski, C. A. et al. A high-resolution, absolute-dated Holocene and deglacial (1999). Asian monsoon record from Dongge Cave, China. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 233, 71–86 13. Gallet, S. & Jahn, B.-M. Geochemical characterization of the Luochuan (2005). loess-paleosol sequence, China, and paleoclimatic implications. Chem. Geol. 133, 16. Ren, J.-Z., Ding, Z.-L., Liu, D.-S., Sun, J.-M. & Zhou, X.-Q. Climatic changes on 67–88 (1996). millennial time scales - Evidence from a high-resolution loess record. Sci. Chin. Ser. D 14. Shao, X.-H. et al. Long-term trend and abrupt events of the Holocene Asian monsoon 39, 449–459 (1996). inferred from a stalagmite d18O record from Shennongjia in Central China. Chin. Sci. Bull. 51, 221–228 (2006). doi:10.1038/nature06408 Yancheva et al. reply Replying to: H. Zhou et al. Nature 450, doi: 10.1038/nature06408 (2007). Zhou et al.1 raise the possibility that the titanium (Ti) record at Lake minerogenic particles, as well as more prominent siderite enrich- Huguang Maar is controlled by local erosion and runoff to the lake, ments, but without any major changes, even when including the or through hydrological changes in the lake such as level fluctuations, glacial termination in the analysis. There are no sandy sediments in rather than by changes in the inputs of airborne material2. The the entire Lake Huguang Maar section: the interpretation of Wang authors come to this conclusion by considering the Ti record in et al.3 is incorrect.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Imperial China and the West Part I, 1815–1881
    China and the Modern World: Imperial China and the West Part I, 1815–1881 The East India Company’s steamship Nemesis and other British ships engaging Chinese junks in the Second Battle of Chuenpi, 7 January 1841, during the first opium war. (British Library) ABOUT THE ARCHIVE China and the Modern World: Imperial China and the West Part I, 1815–1881 is digitised from the FO 17 series of British Foreign Office Files—Foreign Office: Political and Other Departments: General Correspondence before 1906, China— held at the National Archives, UK, providing a vast and significant primary source for researching every aspect of Chinese-British relations during the nineteenth century, ranging from diplomacy to trade, economics, politics, warfare, emigration, translation and law. This first part includes all content from FO 17 volumes 1–872. Source Library Number of Images The National Archives, UK Approximately 532,000 CONTENT From Lord Amherst’s mission at the start of the nineteenth century, through the trading monopoly of the Canton System, and the Opium Wars of 1839–1842 and 1856–1860, Britain and other foreign powers gradually gained commercial, legal, and territorial rights in China. Imperial China and the West provides correspondence from the Factories of Canton (modern Guangzhou) and from the missionaries and diplomats who entered China in the early nineteenth century, as well as from the envoys and missions sent to China from Britain and the later legation and consulates. The documents comprising this collection include communications to and from the British legation, first at Hong Kong and later at Peking, and British consuls at Shanghai, Amoy (Xiamen), Swatow (Shantou), Hankow (Hankou), Newchwang (Yingkou), Chefoo (Yantai), Formosa (Taiwan), and more.
    [Show full text]
  • Research on Traditional Theatre's Form of Jiangxi-Huguang-Sichuan Area's Emigration Route During Ming to Qing Dynasty
    International Journal of Environmental Science and Development, Vol. 5, No. 1, February 2014 Research on Traditional Theatre's Form of Jiangxi-Huguang-Sichuan Area's Emigration Route during Ming to Qing Dynasty Xiaofeng Li and Shenglan Wu region cohesive force and met to partake in each joys at Abstract—This article researches the development and every festival. According to statistics, Sichuan had over character of emigration route in Ming and Qing period forming 1400. The mainly of north-south axis was not front and an axis of Jiangxi-Hunan-Hubei-Sichuan area, a new pattern of back corridors, just placed the central axis line, but in migration had emerged and transformed by principal migrate regions of complex topography, it should proceed from from north to south of settlers originated in Chin and Han dynasties. Research shows the erection of theatrical building is reality local conditions, even the public section must be most activity of immigration climax, rich history and condensed kept separate from the principal, as in Chongqing (Fig. 3 culture, makes an important part of private communal and Fig. 4). The basic principle hadn't changed much, recreations, so thousands of theatrical building are built in that still more dominant while the courtyard was an amalgam time correspondingly, still features design and diversified styles of all three part of balcony, stage platform which on both are extensively distributed. With physical carrier of culture, the sides spiritual core is revealed, the study of architectural history is filled through the deeply for the theater buildings. 3) House Theater: Few buildings fellow a consistent pattern inner the house, most performs in the hall or Index Terms—Emigration route, traditional theatre, courtyard [3].
    [Show full text]
  • The Politics of Music and Identity
    Yang: The Politics of Music and Identity 523 dieKunst kontrolliert, begrenzt undgearbeitetist,umsofreier istsie.«5 DarüberwirD mansichkaumwundern,wennman an andere vergleichbare FälleinStravinskijskomposi- torischemSchaffen denkt.(DieseEinstellungist eher im letztenamerikanischen Schaffen auffällig. In denpräkompositorischen Phasen isteinestrenge serielle Richtliniezuerken- nen, dieerstspätervom ›Handwerker‹frei behandeltwirDDurch Entscheidungen,die sich vor allem nach dem Hören richten.) DieIdee, nach bestimmten aufMetronombasis errechnetenZeitverhältnissenzukompo- nieren, diedamit in Minutenund Sekunden übertragbar sind,ist einVerfahren,das unsere Ohren zunächst kaum wahrnehmen: Im Schaffen ausder Zeit des Concerto weisen lediglichdie Symphonies eine vergleichbare Genauigkeitauf.Mit der Zeit wird aber dasInteressedes Kom- ponistenfür dasTimingimmer intensiver unDDie Abweichungenvon einergenauen Be- rechnung seltener,sodassder Komponistmit immerkomplexeren Proportionen arbeitet.Die formaleZeitgliederunginden oben erläutertenBeispielenbleibtzwarein paradigmatischer Fall fürdie Ordnung, dieStravinskij im Kompositionsprozess anstrebt.Analogzudem pro- minenterenFall der Symphonies belegt dasVorhandensein dieser Rechnungen eine generelle Tendenzvon Stravinskijs musikalischenUntersuchungender 1920er Jahre. Dieseund noch andere Faktoren erlauben uns, einaltes,aberimmer noch anzutreffendes Vorurteilzuüber- winden,und zwar dieVorstellung, Stravinskijs Musikder Zeit seilediglichein bloßer Rück- griffauf alte Modelle,formaldiskontinuierlich undaus
    [Show full text]
  • I.D. Jiangnan 241
    I.D. THE JIANGNAN REGION, 1645–1659 I.D.1. Archival Documents, Published Included are items concerning Jiangnan logistical support for campaigns in other regions, as well as maritime attacks on Jiangnan. a. MQSL. Ser. 甲, vols. 2–4; ser. 丙, vols. 2, 6-8; ser. 丁, vol. 1; ser. 己, vols. 1–6. b. MQCZ. I: Hongguang shiliao 弘光史料, items 82, 87. III: Hong Chengchou shiliao 洪承疇史料, item 50; Zheng Chenggong shiliao 鄭成 功史料, item 82. c. MQDA. Ser. A, vols. 3–8, 11, 13, 17, 19–26, 28–31, 34–37. d. QNMD. Vol. 2 (see I.B.1.d.). e. QNZS. Bk. 1, vol. 2. f. Hong Chengchou zhangzou wence huiji 洪承疇章奏文冊彙輯. Comp. Wu Shigong 吳世拱. Guoli Beijing daxue yanjiuyuan wenshi congkan 國立北 京大學研究院文史叢刊, no. 4. Shanghai: CP, 1937. Rpts. in MQ, pt. 3, vol. 10. Rep. in 2 vol., TW, no. 261; rpt. TWSL, pt. 4, vol. 61. Hong Chengchou was the Ming Viceroy of Jifu and Liaoning 薊遼 總 督 from 1639 until his capture by the forces of Hungtaiji in the fall of Songshan 松山 in 1642. After the rebel occupation of Beijing and the death of the CZ emperor, Hong assumed official appointment under the Qing and went on to become the most important former Ming official to assist in the Qing conquest of all of China (see Li Guangtao 1948a; Wang Chen-main 1999; Li Xinda 1992). Many of his very numerous surviving memorials have been published in MQSL and MQDA. In the present col- lection of 67 memorials, 13 represent his service as Viceroy of Jiangnan and “Pacifier of the South” 招撫南方 from 1645 through 1648.
    [Show full text]
  • Communication, Empire, and Authority in the Qing Gazette
    COMMUNICATION, EMPIRE, AND AUTHORITY IN THE QING GAZETTE by Emily Carr Mokros A dissertation submitted to Johns Hopkins University in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Baltimore, Maryland June, 2016 © 2016 Emily Carr Mokros All rights Reserved Abstract This dissertation studies the political and cultural roles of official information and political news in late imperial China. Using a wide-ranging selection of archival, library, and digitized sources from libraries and archives in East Asia, Europe, and the United States, this project investigates the production, regulation, and reading of the Peking Gazette (dibao, jingbao), a distinctive communications channel and news publication of the Qing Empire (1644-1912). Although court gazettes were composed of official documents and communications, the Qing state frequently contracted with commercial copyists and printers in publishing and distributing them. As this dissertation shows, even as the Qing state viewed information control and dissemination as a strategic concern, it also permitted the free circulation of a huge variety of timely political news. Readers including both officials and non-officials used the gazette in order to compare judicial rulings, assess military campaigns, and follow court politics and scandals. As the first full-length study of the Qing gazette, this project shows concretely that the gazette was a powerful factor in late imperial Chinese politics and culture, and analyzes the close relationship between information and imperial practice in the Qing Empire. By arguing that the ubiquitous gazette was the most important link between the Qing state and the densely connected information society of late imperial China, this project overturns assumptions that underestimate the importance of court gazettes and the extent of popular interest in political news in Chinese history.
    [Show full text]
  • Spread of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Lineage 4 in Sichuan-Chongqing Region of China Infuenced by Maritime Silk Road and “Huguang Filling Sichuan”
    Spread of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Lineage 4 in Sichuan-chongqing Region of China Inuenced by Maritime Silk Road and “huguang Filling Sichuan” Wei Wu Key Laboratory of Bio-resourse and Eco-environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China Peng-kuan Liang Key LAboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China Hai-Bing Yuan School of Archaeology and Museology & National Demonstration Center for Experimental Archaeology Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China Yu-Ang Tian College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China Qun Sun ( [email protected] ) Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4372-8865 Research Article Keywords: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, lineage 4, human migration, Huguang lling Sichuan, Maritime Silk Road, interpolation analysis Posted Date: December 1st, 2020 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-114225/v1 License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Read Full License Page 1/35 Abstract Background The spread of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) was closely inuenced by human migration. Lineage 4, a lineage of MTBC mainly being epidemic in Europe and America, was not the major one in China. Its proportion in Sichuan-Chongqing region, however, was signicantly higher than that at the national level. Previous study by the most recent common ancestor calculation based on Bayes model suggested that lineage 4 epidemic in South China today probably entered China around the 13th century, and the most important human migration events associating with this region during and after this period of time included Maritime Silk Road and “Huguang lling Sichuan”.
    [Show full text]
  • I.G. Jiang-Hu
    I.G. JIANGXI AND HUGUANG I.G.1. Archival Documents, Published a. MQSL. Ser. 甲, vols. 2–4; ser. 丙, vols. 2, 6–10; ser. 丁, vols. 2, 8; ser. 己, vols. 1, 4, 6. b. MQCZ. III: Hong Chengchou shiliao 洪承疇史料, items 55, 57–60. c. MQDA. Ser. A, vols. 3–13, 17–19, 23–26, 28–37. d. QNMD. Vols. 2–3 (see I.B.1.d.) e. QNZS. Bk. 1, vols. 1–2. f. “Qingdai dang’an shiliao” 清代檔案史料. In QDSC, 6 (1980): 129–361. This collection of 121 documents concerning Qing efforts to eradicate or bring to submission the late-Ming roving-rebel armies, and remnants thereof, includes much information on those rebels who at one time or another supported or pro- fessed allegiance to the YL regime—Liu Tichun 劉體純, Hao Yaoqi 郝搖旗, Li Laiheng 李來亨, Li Dingguo 李定國 (ECCP: 489–90), Sun Kewang 孫可 望 (ECCP: 679), to name the most important. (Names of rebel leaders often are written in documents using nicknames or homophonous characters, since the writers seldom had ready means of determining their actual names.) Some per- tain to the capture of non-rebel followers of the YL court, and one item is the KX emperor’s announcement of the capture of the YL emperor in Burma. Documents of this sort range in date from SZ2 through KX3 and concern affairs not only in Huguang but also in Liang-Guang (see I.H.1.e), Sichuan (cf. I.I.3), and Yun-Gui. For a detailed study of the repeated devastations suffered in northern Huguang during the Ming-Qing transition, based mainly on the sorts of published documents listed above, see Su Yunfeng 1988.
    [Show full text]
  • Wuhan, 1938 12/11/07 4:09 PM Page 5
    1.MacKinnon, Wuhan, 1938 12/11/07 4:09 PM Page 5 [FIGURE] [Insert map 2: if prologue ends on recto, place on verso facing first page of ch. 1;if prologue ends on verso, place on 3rd page of ch. 3] ONE WUHAN BEFORE THE WAR LINKED ONLY BY FERRY CROSSINGS over hundreds of yards of treacherous river, each of Wuhan’s three cities—Wuchang, Hanyang, and Hankou— had a distinct identity and history. The relationship between the commu- nities was often tense, aggravated perhaps by the infamously bad weather— hot and steamy in the summer, cold and clammy in the winter. Yet the metropolis we now call Wuhan dominated the economic and political life of the central Yangzi River region for well over a millennium. Twentieth-century Wuhan’s economic center was the bustling port of Hankou, whose pursuit of Western-style commercial and cultural moder- nity rose to a new level after it became a railroad terminus early in the century. Across the Yangzi River, Wuchang, while clinging to the urban morphology of the traditional administrative capital, led the search for political identity: in 1911–12, 1927, and 1938 it thrust Wuhan onto the center stage of national politics. The tension between the crass commer- cial modernity of Hankou and the fervent political posturing of Wuchang gave twentieth-century Wuhan a split personality that is still evident to- day in differences in local dialect, culture, and architecture. Caught in the middle was a smaller, working-class third city, the down-to-earth in- dustrial center of Hanyang.
    [Show full text]
  • The Dreaming Mind and the End of the Ming World
    The Dreaming Mind and the End of the Ming World The Dreaming Mind and the End of the Ming World • Lynn A. Struve University of Hawai‘i Press Honolulu © 2019 University of Hawai‘i Press This content is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0), which means that it may be freely downloaded and shared in digital format for non-commercial purposes, provided credit is given to the author. Commercial uses and the publication of any derivative works require permission from the publisher. For details, see https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/. The Creative Commons license described above does not apply to any material that is separately copyrighted. The open-access version of this book was made possible in part by an award from the James P. Geiss and Margaret Y. Hsu Foundation. Cover art: Woodblock illustration by Chen Hongshou from the 1639 edition of Story of the Western Wing. Student Zhang lies asleep in an inn, reclining against a bed frame. His anxious dream of Oriole in the wilds, being confronted by a military commander, completely fills the balloon to the right. In memory of Professor Liu Wenying (1939–2005), an open-minded, visionary scholar and open-hearted, generous man Contents Acknowledgments • ix Introduction • 1 Chapter 1 Continuities in the Dream Lives of Ming Intellectuals • 15 Chapter 2 Sources of Special Dream Salience in Late Ming • 81 Chapter 3 Crisis Dreaming • 165 Chapter 4 Dream-Coping in the Aftermath • 199 Epilogue: Beyond the Arc • 243 Works Cited • 259 Glossary-Index • 305 vii Acknowledgments I AM MOST GRATEFUL, as ever, to Diana Wenling Liu, head of the East Asian Col- lection at Indiana University, who, over many years, has never failed to cheerfully, courteously, and diligently respond to my innumerable requests for problematic materials, puzzlements over illegible or unfindable characters, frustrations with dig- ital databases, communications with publishers and repositories in China, etcetera ad infinitum.
    [Show full text]
  • Han Opera As a Public Institution in Modern Wuhan
    Han Opera as a Public Institution in Modern Wuhan Item Type text; Electronic Thesis Authors Long, Lingqian Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 26/09/2021 04:56:24 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625348 HAN OPERA AS A PUBLIC INSTITUTION IN MODERN WUHAN By Lingqian Long ____________________________ Copyright © Lingqian Long 2017 A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the FRED FOX SCHOOL OF MUSIC In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of MASTER OF MUSIC In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 2017 STATEMENT BY AUTHOR The thesis titled Han Opera as a Public Institution in Modern Wuhan prepared by Lingqian Long has been submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for a master’s degree at the Univer- sity of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this thesis are allowable without special permission, provided that an accurate acknowledgement of the source is made. Requests for permission for extended quo- tation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the copy- right holder. SIGNED: Lingqian Long APPROVAL BY THESIS DIRECTOR This thesis has been approved on the date shown below: April 26, 2017 Jennifer C. Post Date Instructor of Music 3 Table of Contents LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES.......................................................................................................4 ABSTRACT............................................................................................................................................5 PREFACE: Terminology and Politics of Romanization.........................................................................6 CHAPTER1.
    [Show full text]
  • Grand Council of the Qing Dynasty, 1853
    VMUN 2019 Grand Council of the Qing Dynasty, 1853 CRISIS BACKGROUND GUIDE Vancouver Model United Nations The Eighteenth Annual Session | January 25–27, 2019 Proclaimed in the fourth year of the Xianfeng Era: Jerry Xu Secretary-General To my loyal subjects, I welcome you all to the Grand Council. You are my most loyal and trusted servants, as well as the delegates from Western nations that China has seen fit to recognize. You will have the Nick Young privilege and honour of serving the Emperor, and through me, the heavens. Chief of Staff For centuries, China was the undisputed centre of the world, our lands the envy of all Angelina Zhang civilizations. Yet, our power is no longer unchallenged. Having opened up our culture to the Director-General rest of the world, China now faces chaos of an unprecedented scale since the Great Qing restored order to China two centuries ago—long-haired savages sweep through central China and Western nations exploit our markets with their gunboats. A great flood at the Yellow River has displaced many who live along its banks. Allan Lee Director of Logistics Yet, I have faith that these problems are fleeting and will be resolved swiftly. China endures; China has always endured, with the Mandate of Heaven surviving for thousands of years. Thus Katherine Zheng I entrust to you, my subjects, the fate of the Qing dynasty and China herself. Beijing readies USG General Assemblies itself for defence against imminent attack. I have faith in your ingenuity and ability to restore prosperity to the Empire.
    [Show full text]
  • Shawn Xiaoyan-Lu Foster Advisor: Sally Gregory Kohlstedt December
    Transferring Western Medical Professional Institutions to China – Riding with Missions and Dismissing Native Medicine, 1807-1937: Guangzhou, Shanghai, and Changsha A Dissertation SUBMTTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA BY Shawn Xiaoyan-Lu Foster IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Advisor: Sally Gregory Kohlstedt December 2019 Shawn Xiaoyan-Lu Foster, ©2019 Acknowledgements In the prolonged process of completing my graduate studies and dissertation writing, I am indebted to many people. It is a difficult a task to say “thank you” for all the help, support, understanding, and argument given by so many people over the time it took to write this dissertation. I apologize first to those nameless supporters who, due to my fault, suffered omission or under-representation. Still, I would like to enjoy this opportunity to acknowledge my appreciations to as many people and institutions as I can. My appreciation goes first wholeheartedly to my adviser, Professor Sally Gregory Kohlstedt. Without her academic support, encouragement, and patience I could not have come this far. Her guidance, insight, and immense knowledge steered me through this long learning process. Her advice and feedback throughout my project through each stage of the process would not be overstated by any language. My profound gratitude goes to my dissertation committee members, Professors Susan D. Jones, Jennifer Lee Gunn, Mark E. Borrello, and Honghong Tinn. Their stimulating questions, from multiple perspectives formed a comprehensive and objective critique. Their enthusiastic encouragement and insightful comments often opened new windows for me to consider different perspectives of my project.
    [Show full text]