CENTER FOR IRANIAN STUDIES NEWSLETTER Vol. 16, No. 2 SIPA-Columbia University-New York Fall 2004 ENCYCLOPÆDIA IRANICA SHIRIN EBADI Fascicles 5 and 6 of Volume XII Published AT COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY Fascicle 1 of Volume XIII in Press

The last two fascicles (5 and lowing 29 entries: IDEOGRAPHIC 6) of Volume XII of the WRITING, the representation of lan- Encyclopædia Iranica were com- guage by means of “ideograms,” pleted in the Summer and Fall of i.e. symbols representing “ideas,” 2004, and the bound volume will be rather than symbols which represent distributed in late December 2004. With sound, are discussed in three articles: the publication of fascicle 6, the ‘H’ en- In ANCIENT IRAN, by N. Sims-Williams; tries have been completed and titles in the ANCIENT NEAR EAST, by D. Testen; beginning with the letter ‘I’ have com- and in Middle Persian, referred to Dr. Shirin Ebadi menced. The last two fascicles of vol- HUZWARESH, term describing the use of with President Lee Bollinger ume XII feature over 100 articles on Semitic masks in Middle Persian texts, various aspects of Persian culture and by D. Durkin-Meisterernst. Columbia University’s Center for history, including eight article series on Iranian Studies and The Institute of specific subjects: three entries on Pre-Islamic historical geography is Human Rights at the Law School hosted Hosayn b. Ali in addition to three re- treated in two entries by I. N. a reception in honor of Dr. Shirin lated articles, two entries on Hormuz Medvedskaya: IDA, land and city, part Ebadi, the recipient of the 2003 Nobel Island, two entries on Hydrology, three of Inner Zamua, located on the south- Peace Prize, who in her research and as entries on ideographic writing, two en- Continued on page 2 Continued on page 5 tries on the Ilam Province, two entries on Persian ibex, and four entries on Il- Gala Benefit Dinners khanid history and art. 2004-2005 Annual gala benefit dinners organized by Friends of the Encyclopædia PRE-ISLAMIC Iranica are becoming a frequent feature of our fundraising activities. The recent HISTORY AND CULTURE series of such galas began in New York in 1999, followed successively by events in Washington D.C. in 2001, Los Angeles in 2002, Miami in 2003, and Lon- Topics related to pre-Islamic his- don on September 30, 2004 (see page 9). The next gala benefit dinners will take tory and culture are treated in the fol- place in Houston, Texas on November 13, in Garden City, Long Island on December 11, 2004, and in New York City on March 3, 2005 (see p. 6).

HOUSTON GALA LONG ISLAND GALA November 13, 2004 December 11, 2004 The theme of the Houston Gala is Following the successful “fueling the future.” The Gala honors fundraiser for the victims of the Bam four Iranians who have distinguished earthquake organized by the Naghavi themselves in various fields of the oil family with the support of Dr. and Mrs. and gas industries. Mohammad Farivar last March, Dr. Azita Khan Naghavi has organized a A committee chaired by Hamid & benefit dinner for the Encyclopædia Lily Kouros and Ali & Gita Iranica at the luxurious Garden City Saberioon, with the participation of a Hotel, Garden City, Long Island, on number of socially active Iranian- Saturday, December 11, 2004 at 7 p.m. Americans in Houston, Texas, was Mrs. Homa Sarshar will be the Mas- formed in early 2004 to organize a ben- ter of Ceremonies and six distin- efit dinner for the Encyclopædia Iranica guished Iranian-Americans will be “The Simorgh,” from IL-KHANID BOOK ILLUSTRATION Continued on page 8 Continued on page 6 CISNewsletter 2

Continued from page 1 western shore of Lake Urmia; and HUDIMIRI, peripheral district and city in Elam.

HUNS, collective term for horsemen of various origins leading a nomadic lifestyle, by M. Schottky; and HUNNIC COINAGE, coins struck from the late 4th to the early 8th century by Central Asian invaders of northeastern Iran, by M. Alram. HUVISHKA, ruler of the Great Kushan lineage (2nd century), by A. D. H. Bivar.

Sasanian history is discussed in nine entries: M. R. Shayegan has con- Khwaja Nasir-al-Din Tusi observatory complex, Maragha, tributed HORMOZD I, throne name of from IL-KHANID ARCHITECTURE Shapur I’s son and successor, Hormozd- Ardashir (3rd century) and A. S. Shahbazi has contributed the follow- Five entries are devoted to Iranists and Orientalists with interests in Iranian ing: HORMOZD, brother of Sasanian great ISLAM AND SHI’ISM king Shapur II, who participated in Studies: HEINRICH HÜBSCHMANN, emi- Julian’s Persian expedition (4th cen- nent 19th-20th century German scholar Topics related to Islam and Shi’ism tury); HORMOZD II, Sasanian great king of Iranian and Armenian studies, by E. are treated in eleven entries: six entries Kettenhofen and R. Schmitt; THOMAS (4th century); HORMOZD III, Sasanian are devoted to HOSAYN B. ALI, the third HYDE, English Orientalist, first to at- great king, eldest son of Yazdgerd II (5th Imam of the Shi’ites: LIFE AND SIGNIFI- tempt a comprehensive description of century) ; HORMOZD IV, Sasanian great CANCE IN SHI’ISM, by W. Madelung; IN Zoroastrianism, by A. V. Williams; king, successor to Khosrow I POPULAR SHI’ISM, by J. Calmard; THE PAUL HORN, 19th century German phi- Anushiravan (6th century); HORMOZD V, PASSION OF HOSAYN (ta’zia), by P. lologist, specialist in Iranian and Turk- Sasanian great king (7th century); and Chelkowski. HOSAYNIYA, buildings spe- HORMOZAN, one of the last military lead- ish languages, by E. Kettenhofen; cifically designed to serve as venues for ers of Sasanian Persia. Shahbazi has HÜSING, 19th-20th century German Moharram ceremonies commemorating also contributed HOSHANG, founder of scholar of Old Iranian and Elamite stud- the martyrdom of Imam Hosayn; ies, by R. Schmitt; and HOSHANG mythical Pishdadian dynasty; and HOSAYNIYA-YE MOSHIR, a Hosayniya HUNTING in pre-Islamic Iran. JAMASP, distinguished 19th century building located in an old quarter of Parsi scholar-priest, by M. Boyce and Shiraz, famous for its exquisite colored F. Kotwal. tiles; and HORR-E RIAHI, leading tribes- man in Kufa who intercepted Imam Other articles treating pre-Islamic Hosayn and his followers, leading them religion and culture include: HUSHT, to Karbala, all by J. Calmard. Zoroastrian-Persian term designating the area assigned to a priest, by M. HOSAYN B. RUH, third of the four Boyce and F. Kotwal; HUMATA HUXTA special vicegerents of the Hidden Imam HUWARSHTA, three Avestan words which from 917 to 938, by S. Amir encapsulate the ethical goals of Zoro- Arjomand; HOQAYNI, nesba of two astrianism, by M. Boyce; ORACLE OF Zaydi Imams, by W. Madelung; HORR- HYSTASPES, collection of prophecies as- E A MELI, an outstanding Twelver Shi’ite cribed to Vishtaspa, by W. Hadith scholar of the Akhbari school Sundermann; HORDAD, one of the (17th century), by M. Bar Asher. Avestan entities, mentioned in associa- HOSAYN HAFEZ KARBALA’I, Major Per- tion with Ameretat, by A. Panaino; sian historian of Sufis and poet (16th HYDARNES, Greek rendering of the Old century) by L. Lewisohn. HORUFISM, a Persian male name Vidarna, by R. body of antinomian and incarnationist Schmitt; HYMN OF THE PEARL, Syriac doctrines evolved by Fazl-Allah Mourning self-infliction, poem composed in the 3rd century in Astarabadi (14th century), known to his from HOSAYN B. ALI Edessa, by J. R. Russell. followers also as Fazl-e Yazdan (“the 3 CISNewsletter generosity of God”), is treated by H. the genesis of the acceptance of homo- Algar. The principal features of sexuality, homoeroticism in Sufi litera- Horufism were elaborate numerologi- ture, studies of the representation of cal interpretations of the letters of the homosexuality, and homosexuality in Perso-Arabic alphabet and an attempt modern times. to correlate them with the human form. The movement that espoused these Other articles on Persian literature teachings was relatively short-lived in include: HYPERBOLE, described in the Persia, but it had a significant prolon- context of the classical Persian system gation in Anatolia and the Balkans, pri- of elm-e badi’; HOSN-E TA’LIL, rhetori- marily under the auspices of the cal device among the figures of ‘elm-e Bektashi order. badi’; IHAM, or double entendre, a kind of play on words based on a single word ISTORY: H Soltaniya, mausoleum of Sultan Oljeytu, with a double meaning, all by N. MEDIEVAL TO MODERN from IL-KHANID ARCHITECTURE Chalisova.

History from Medieval to Modern HUMOR in Persian literature, con- times is discussed in 15 entries: IL- entries: IJEL, Timurid prince (14th-15th tributed by J. T. P de Bruijn, is a wide KHANIDS, Mongol dynasty in Persia from centuries), by J. Woods. HOSAYN B. ranging entry in which the author ex- 1260 to 1335, founded by Hulagu Khan, BAYQARA, common designation for the amines the concept of humor through- is the subject of five entries: DYNASTIC last Timurid ruler of major importance out Persian literature to the present time HISTORY and HULAGU KHAN, both by R. in Khorasan (15th century), by the late and pays particular attention to its many Amitai; Il-khanid BOOK ILLUSTRATION H. R. Roemer; HOSAYNI BALKHI, trans- forms and genres including puns, paro- by S. Carboni; and Il-khanid CERAM- lator into Persian of Wa’ez-e Balkhi’s dies, satirical diatribes, etc. The func- ICS AND PORTABLE ARTS by P. Morgan. Arabic work, Faza’el Balkh (12th cen- tion of humor in society as a critical tool Il-khanid ARCHITECTURE is written by S. tury), by the late A. H. Habibi. HOSAYN against hypocrisy, pedantry and bigotry Blair, who underlines that the architec- KHAN SHAMLU, Safavid governor, is also discussed with a wealth of illus- ture produced during this period in Per- nephew of Shah Esma’il I (16th cen- trations. HOSN O DEL, allegorical work sia and Iraq is “notable for its mammoth tury), by R. M. Savory. by Fattahi Nishaburi (15th century), by size, soaring height, sparkling color, and the late Z. Safa. HOSAYN-E KORD-E ingenious methods of covering space. Qajar history is the subject of three SHABESTARI, Persian popular romance Size and scale were seen as representa- articles: HOSAYN KHAN Ajudan-Bashi, narrating the exploits of a Kurdish war- tive of power and authority, and the most important officer to hold the rank rior, by U. Marzolph. Finally, HOSAM- wider palette and increased surface of of adjudant-en-chef during the 19th AL-DIN CHALABI, leading disciple and colored decoration served to further dis- century, by the late H. Mahbubi first successor of Jalal-al-Din Rumi, tinguish these buildings from the land- Ardakani; HOSAYNQOLI KHAN Sardar-e who wrote down and edited his master’s scape.” Iravani, important governor of Arme- original dictation of the Mathnavi, by nia in the early Qajar period, by G. M. Estelami. History from the Timurids to the Bournoutian; and Sir Albert HOUTUM- Safavids is discussed in the following SCHINDLER, authority on Persia, engineer and employee of the Persian govern- ment for over thirty years (19th-20th centuries), by J. D. Gurney.

LITERATURE

Ten entries treat various aspects of Persian literature: fascicle 6 begins with the remaining part of a major entry on HOMOSEXUALITY in Persian Literature by EIr., treating the development of the concept of the beloved, pedophilia, non- Muslim subjects of love, social accep- tance of homosexuality, emotional ties Panel of molded luster star tiles, Sir Albert HOUTOM-SCHINDLER between Sufi adult males and youths, from IL-KHANID CERAMICS CISNewsletter 4

Clement HUART, French neighboring countries are the subject of Orientalist, renowned as editor and eleven entries: ILAK-KHANIDS (or Qara- translator of Arabic, Persian and Turk- khanids), first Muslim Turkic dynasty ish sources (19th-20th centuries), by J. that ruled in Central Asia from Tarim Calmard. IGNATIUS OF JESUS, Italian mis- basin to the Oxus river (10th-13th cen- sionary in Persia, scholar of Persian lan- turies), by M. Biran; ILAQ, medieval guage (17th century), by P. Orsatti. name of an area in present-day Uzbekistan, by B. Litvinsky; ILBARS Topics related to contemporary KHAN, name of two rulers of Khwarazm times are discussed in three entries: in the 16th and 18th centuries, by Y. HOVEYDA, Amir-Abbas, longest serving Bregel; IL-ARSLAN, Chorasmian king of prime minister in 20th century Iran, by the line of Anushtegin Gharcha’i of the A. Milani; Mohammad Baqer HUSHYAR, 12th century, by C. E. Bosworth; professor at the University of Tehran Chahar Menar, ILEDONG, site in Central Asia, by M. and author, by D. Ashouri; HOSTAGE from HYDERABAD MONUMENT Maggi; HYDROLOGY of Afghanistan, by CRISIS, the events following the seizure X. de Planhol; HUNTINGTON, American of the American embassy in Tehran by geographer who traveled through Cen- entries: Straits of HORMUZ, strategic leftist Islamist students in 1979 with tral Asia, by U. Sims-Williams; IGDIR, strait in the Persian Gulf is the subject subsequent wide and long repercussions Turkic tribe in Persia and Anatolia, by of two entries: in pre-Islamic period, by on Iran’s domestic politics as well as P. Oberling; HOSAM-AL-DIN, Kurdish D. T. Potts; and in Islamic period, by on U.S.-Iran relations, is the subject of Sufi author of a number of works, in- W. Floor. HYDROLOGY is treated in two a major article by M. Milani and EIr. cluding a commentary on the Koran entries: in Southwestern Persia, by E. This entry treats various aspects of the (15th century), by the late T. Yazici. Ehlers; in Afghanistan (see below). crisis, including its background, a socio- HYDERABAD, a city in the Deccan of In- ILAM, Province, sub-province, and town political profile of hostage takers, the dia, and the former capital of the in western Iran is treated in two entries: seizure of the American embassy, ne- Nizams of Hyderabad (c. 1724-1948), Geography by M. Rezazadeh gotiations for the release of the hos- and at present the state capital of Andhra Shafarudi; and Population by H. tages, the failed American rescue mis- Pradesh in southern India, is the sub- Zanjani. sion, the final stage of the crisis, the hos- ject of two entries: HISTORY by G. tage crisis and its influence on the 1980 Hambly; and MONUMENTS by D. Presidential election, known as “Octo- MUSIC Hutton. From the time of its founda- ber Surprise,” and finally, Iran in the tion in 1591 until Indian independence aftermath of the hostage crisis. The ar- Five entries treat Persian Music: in 1947, Hyderabad had a three and a ticle also provides a list of the hostages AQA HOSAYNQOLI, an outstanding tar half century history as one of the major with their position at the embassy. player, reputed to be the greatest mas- Muslim cities and as a center of Indo- ter of the latter half of the 19th century; Persian culture in the sub-continent. GEOGRAPHY his radif (repertoire), passed down to his sons, is considered to be the well- OTHER ARTICLES Geography is the subject of six spring of Persian traditional music; his performances were considered both Seventeen entries discuss other technically brilliant and artistically ex- subjects: Two entries treat demography OSAYN HAN quisite; and H K of housing and migration in Iran: HOUS- AMANCHEKASH K , master of kamancha ING, by H. Zanjani, examines the fol- (19th-20th centuries), both by A. Youssefzadeh; HOSAYNI, a gusha of the canonic repertory of Persian classical music, by B. Nettl; Sa’id HORMOZI, setar and tar virtuoso, student of Darvish Khan, by J. During; and Andre Aminollah HOSSEIN, French composer of Iranian origin, by I. Khademi.

NEIGHBORING COUNTRIES

Part of a blue and white inscriptional tile, AQA HOSAYNQOLI from IL-KHANID CERAMICS Political and cultural relations with 5 CISNewsletter lowing main topics: 1) The growth of Afghanistan; HOQUQ-E EMRUZ, Journal SHIRIN EBADI housing units during 1966-96; 2) The published irregularly in Tehran between AT COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY policies adopted in various develop- 1963 and 1976; HUKHT, monthly peri- ment plans towards housing and the re- odical published in Persian by Iranian sults obtained; 3) Main characteristics Zoroastrains (1950-1984). Continued from page 1 of housing in Iran; and 4) Investment an activist is best known for promoting and economics of housing. HUMAN MI- HOROSCOPE, horoscopic diagram or peaceful, democratic solutions to social GRATIONS, by M. Amani and H. Zanjani, theme which depicts the positions of the and political problems. treats three types of human migration stars in zodiacal signs, by D. Pingree; The event was held at Columbia in modern Iran: 1) Migration within the and, HONEY in lore, tradition, and Per- country; 2) Immigration of foreign na- sian literature, by H. A’lam. University’s Rotunda on Wednesday, tionals to Iran; and 3) Emigration of Ira- June 9th, 2004, from 5:30 to 7:30 pm. nians to foreign countries (referred to Finally two articles treat horses; Following a reception, Dr. Lee C. DIASPORA viii and x). HORSESHOES, authored by W. Kleiss; and Bollinger, President of Columbia Uni- HORSE RACING, by A. Azarnoush. The versity, gave a talk on “Human Rights Two entries deal with topics in tra- latter entry traces the history of horse and Iranian Studies at Columbia.” He ditional medicine: HUMORALISM, medi- racing in Iran back to the Achaemenid was followed by Prof. Louis Henkin, cal theory that considers illness as an period and refers to races set up by University Professor Emeritus and Di- imbalance in the body’s four elemental Cyrus in Persia as well as between Per- rector of the Human Rights Institute at humors by A. A. Afkhami; and Sharaf- sian and Greek horses in Greece. The the School of Law, who spoke on “Hu- al-Din Yusof ILAQI, follower of article examines, in some detail, the man Rights, Peace, and Columbia.” Avicenna and author in medicine, sci- horse manuals (faras-nama) and the ence and philosophy (11th-12th centu- books of manners (adab) and argues Prof. Ehsan Yarshater, Hagop ries), by L. Richter-Bernburg. that Iranians, throughout their history, Kevorkian Professor Emeritus of Ira- preferred to use horses in sports such nian Studies and Director, Center for Three articles discuss fauna of Iran: as polo, tournaments (jarid-bazi) and Iranian Studies, introduced Dr. Ebadi, IBEX, Persian wild goat, is subject of two trick riding, of which there are many citing her human rights activities. entries: its natural history, by E. Firouz; accounts. The author notes that it was and in pre-Islamic art, by D. T. Potts. probably in the early part of the Qajar In her talk, which was given in HYENA, medium-sized carnivore in Iran era that horse races as such were intro- Persian and ably translated by Prof. and Afghanistan, is treated by S. C. duced in the capital, Tehran, perhaps Mansour Farhang of Benington Col- Anderson. with the encouragement of the Europe- lege, Dr. Ebadi focused on her past ex- ans. perience with Columbia University and Four articles by N. Parvin treat its Center for Iranian Studies. She pointed out that her contribution of the newspapers: HUR, name of a newspa- HALEGHI OTLAGH K -M entry “Children’s Rights” to the per and a monthly journal published in RECEIVES AWARD Encyclopaedia Iranica, and publication Tehran in the 1940s-50s; HOQUQ, name by Center for Iranian Studies of the of four journals published in Iran and Dr. Djalal Khaleghi-Motlagh of Hamburg University – who has pre- English translation of her book on hu- pared a critical edition of Ferdowsi’s man rights as Documentation of Human Shahnameh, the Iranian national epic, Rights in Iran (New York, 2000), helped for the first time – was the recipient of disseminate her messages on women’s the 2004 award, named after Ehsan and children’s rights in the West. She Yarshater by the Rudaki Foundation of concluded her presentation by saying Vancouver, Canada, founded and di- that “if the 21st century wishes to free rected by Dr. Monir Taha. Previous re- itself from the cycle of violence, acts cipients of the prize were Dr. of terror, and war, there is no way but Zabihollah Safa (1997), Nader through a consistent application of hu- Naderpour (1998), Ali Tajvidi (2000), man rights for all mankind, irrespective Houshang Seyhoun (2001), and of race, gender, faith, nationality or so- Hassan Shahbaz (2002). cial status.”

Prof. Yarshater, who has under- Closing Remarks was given by taken the publication of this edition of Prof. Lisa Anderson, Dean of the Shahnameh (of which five volumes plus School of International and Public Af- two volumes of explanatory notes have fairs, and Co-Chair of Human Rights Persian IBEX Continued on page 10 Watch/Middle East. CISNewsletter 6

Azar Nafisi is a pro- Long Island Gala Benefit Dinner fessor at Johns December 11, 2004 Hopkins University. She won a fellowship Continued from page 1 plays with her husband Hooshang from Oxford, and honored. The program will also feature Touzie. Their collaboration on Boo-ye taught English litera- the Persian vocalist, Khosh-e Eshgh became an instant hit. ture at the University Ms. Shahla Sarshar. Its sequel, Sahm-e Ma az Khane-ye of Tehran, the Free Is- For information, Pedari, as well as Maryam have once lamic University and Allameh please contact the again claimed the audiences’ attention Tabatabai University in Iran. Refusing Center for Iranian and generated rapturous reviews. to submit to the restrictions imposed on Studies at (212) 851- women by the Islamic Republic of Iran, Dr. Mohammad 5723. Donations she found herself obliged to leave Iran Farivar, a staunch and/or items for auc- for America in 1997. She has contrib- supporter of philan- Mrs. Shahla tion will be grate- uted to the New York Times, the Wash- thropic causes, Sarshar fully accepted. ington Post, the Wall Street Journal and teaches at Harvard the New Republic, has appeared on Medical School, is countless radio and television programs, member of a number and is the author of Anti-Terra: A Criti- of boards of medical cal Study of Vladimir Nabokov ’s Nov- institutions, and has published numer- els. Her recent book, Reading Lolita in ous articles on various aspects of endo- Tehran, a resounding success, has been scopy in medical journals. Dr. Farivar on the bestseller lists of the New York and his wife Mrs. Massy Akhavan Times and Washington Post for over 42 Farivar, the winner of the 2000 Cana- weeks. dian Helen Prize for her humanitarian work, have long been active in various A well-known artist, Drs. Azita & Sabih Khan philanthropic projects. Dr. Farivar es- Nasser Ovissi was ini- tablished the Earthquake Relief Fund tially trained in law and for Orphans in 1990 and, since 2002, political science and Please address inquires to Dr. Azita has organized a number of scientific entered the Iranian For- Khan Naghavi at (616) 626-9303 or medical trips to the medical schools of eign Ministry after (516) 526-4032. the universities of Mashhad, Kerman, graduating from and Tabriz. Mrs. Farivar has founded Tehran University. He several homes for homeless children in left the Ministry in 1979 and dedicated Iran and has traveled to Bam 4 times himself to his real passion, painting. Us- since December 27, 2003 to help or- ing vibrant colors, unique techniques, phans and homeless children. and exclusive motifs drawn from both Dr. Firouz Naderi is traditional Persian life and nature, manager of the newly Ovissi has developed an easily recog- created Mars Program nizable and distinct style. In addition Office at NASA’s Jet to his bright colors, 22k gold emboss- Propulsion Laboratory, ing and leafing give his work an exotic Mrs. Homa Sarshar Pasadena, CA. He has aspect. Exhibitions of his works have been the manager of been held in Europe, the Middle East, THE HONOREES OF NASA’s Origins Pro- the Far East, and North and South THE LONG ISLAND GALA gram since 1996. He joined JPL in 1979 America, securing international recog- and has served as program manager for nition. space science flight experiments and Shohreh Aghdashloo, project manager for the NASA an abundantly talented Scatterometer project. The new Mars actress and media per- Program Office will serve as the single EW ORK ALA sonality, was nominated point-of-contact for NASA Headquar- N Y G for an Academy Award ters at JPL for all Mars exploration ef- March 3, 2005 in 2004 in the best sup- forts. The office will work closely with porting actress category the NASA Headquarters Mars Director- A committee in New York chaired for her role in the film ate Office for the development and by Mrs. Maryam Panahi (Ansary), as- “House of Sand and Fog.” Shohreh’s implementation of the long-term strat- sisted particularly by Roya Khajavi debut was in a family drama, Gozaresh; egy for the robotic exploration of Mars, she then appeared in a number of films, Heidari, is preparing a gala benefit din- as well as for the program’s architec- ner to take place on the 3rd of March, including Sooteh Delan, Soltan-e Saheb ture and management of related fund- Gheran and Hezar Dastan. In the ing. 2005. United States she has appeared in many 7 CISNewsletter

NEW YORK GALA Heller, Laya Khajavi Biglari, Nazi Moinian, Susan Motamedi, Massoud The luxurious ballroom of Nader, Fereydoon Nazem, Mahshid Cipriani’s in midtown Manhattan has Noshirvani, Rana Sahni, Nazgol been selected as the location for the Shahbazi, Nahid Taghinia, and Marjan Gala. Susie Gharib Nazem will be the Yaraghi. Master of Ceremony. The committee members include Faranak Amirsaleh, The Gala promises to be a splen- Shalu Arjomand, Mina Atabai, Nazi Mrs. Maryam Susie Gharib did and most enjoyable event. For in- Panahi (Ansary) Nazem Batmanghelij, Layla Diba, Tamilla quiries please call (212) 851-5723, Ghodsi, Atoussa Hamzavi, Leila (917) 293-1178 or (212) 517-5755. Mrs. Mahrokh Eshaghian - Estate Dr. S. (Farideh) Bazargan SUPPORT FOR of E. Ike Eshaghian Dr. & Mrs. Hossein Ghadimi ENCYCLOPÆDIA IRANICA Landon Corp/Rasaca Austin Mr. Mohammad Haerian Mr. Mohammad Mohseni Mr. S. Aghaei & Mr. H. Ghadaki Montreal Friends of Iranica (Life Construction) The Encyclopædia Iranica is a Mr. & Mrs. Saman Adamiyatt Dr. Alex Mohajer (Central Montessori Schools) project of Columbia University car- Ms. Shahnaz Batmanghelidj (Klotz) Mr. & Mrs. Chapur Rassekh ried out by its Center for Iranian Ms. Fereshteh Bekhrad Mme. Soraya Shahidi Studies, and is supported in part by Mr. Mark Houshmand Mrs. Ezat Soleimani the National Endowment for the Hu- manities. The execution of the project 2000 Club is being made possible also by dona- Friends tions from institutions and individu- Iranian American Society als who value a comprehensive, me- of New York Dr. Amir Abdollahian ticulous and reliable record of Per- Dr. Khosrow Matini Dr. Sadegh Azimi sian culture and history. Prof. Nasser Kanani Edison International (Mr. Mehrdad We appeal to all such institutions 1000 Club Farzaneh & Mr. Cyrus Sorooshian-Tafti) and individuals to assist the project Dr. & Mrs. Shahrokh Ahkami Ms. Nahid Razavi & Mr. Bahram by their donations. We acknowledge Dr. & Mrs. Ali A. Alemi Raofi with thanks the donations by the fol- Mr. Abbas Bolurfrushan Dr. & Mrs. Khosrow Bahrani lowing for the period of October 15, Mr. H. Dan Danesh Dr. Ehsan Yarshater 2003 - October 15, 2004. Dr. Hooshang Hooshmand Dr. Nasrollah Khosrowshahi Ann Arbor Area Community Dr. Jala Mahdavian (O’Mead Foundation (Darya Lin Patrons Foundation) Memorial Fund) Mr. Mahmoud Khayami Mr. Morteza Masoumzadeh Dr. Andre Haerian Mr. Khosrow B. Semnani Dr. Parviz Mina Mr. & Mrs. Morteza Mortezai Dr. M. A. Mirzai (O’Mead Mrs. Pirouz Foundation) Benefactors Dr. Hooshang Sadeghi Dr. & Mrs. Morteza Nadjafi Dr. Shahnaz Erfani Zomorrodian Dr. Akbar Ghahary, Ph.D. Dr. Hooshang Mirlohi Dr. & Mrs. Abdul H. Darki Soudavar Memorial Foundation Mr. Amir Nosrat Monaghah Mr. & Mrs. Seif Mozayeni Mrs. Sedigheh Rastegar (Yadiran Prof. Guity Besker Nashat Dr. Parto Rezai Foundation) Dr. Kambiz Pahlavan Andisheh Sarabi Mr. & Mrs. Herbert Allison Dr. Farrokh Shafaie Mahvash Shahegh Dubai Friends of Iranica Dr. Mehdi Vaseghi Zaman & Elaine Zamanian Mr. Ali Pichvai (Net2S Inc.) Mme. Ghodsi Zanganeh UNITED Way of Tucson & S. AZ (Shirin Sorooshian) Sponsors Supporters Mrs. Besharat Amanat Dr. Azar Ebtehaj Mr. Ahmad Ashraf (Akmi Corp.) CISNewsletter 8

Houston Gala Benefit Dinner November 13, 2004 Continued from page 1 on Saturday, November 13, 2004 at the Persian dancer, Laya Torkaman elegant River Oaks Country Club. Rudi will perform a meditating dance. Bakhtiar, the well-known CNN news The award ceremony will be con- anchor and media personality, will serve ducted after dinner with Prof. as the Master of Ceremonies. Yarshater’s acknowledgements and re- marks on the Encyclopædia Iranica. Musical performance will be conducted by Anoushirvan Rohani, a renowned Iranian pianist and composer and Mr. Khosrow Semnani Shardad Rohani, an internationally ac- claimed composer and conductor. Topaz Sponsors: Mahnaz & Dariush Ansari, Suzanne In addition to 60 items in the silent & Ali Ebrahimi, Fariba & Jamshid auction, the benefit auction at the Hous- Ansari, Morteza Baharlou & Alan ton Gala will include 14 valuable items Bejan Chaveleh, Lily & Hamid Mrs. Lily Ladjevardian-Kouros in live auction conducted by Amir Kouros, Cathy & Vahid Kouros, The Gala Executive Committee Parviziyan, President of Parviziyan Suzie & Masoud Hoomani, Neda & consists of Mahnaz Ladjevardian Rug Company. Mohammad Ladjevardian, Sedigheh Ansari, Roshanak Azimpoor, Parvin Rastegar, Forough & Hamid Razavi, Bagherpour, David Delaunay, and Shari & Tofigh Shirazi. Sharareh Harati, Parivash Kahkashani, Cathy Kouros, Neda Ladjevardian, Sima Ladjevardian, Mohammad Naraghi, Shahla Rejaie, Sombol Sima Sharifian, Mansour Taghdisi, and Faranak Zafarnia. Members of the Gala Committee include Nastaran Akhavan, Arvin Bagherpour, Shahrzad Bina, Haydeh Davoudi, Firouzeh Jafarnia, Guity Mr. Akbar Ladjevardian Kashani, Ali Kouros, Maryam Mireskandari, Karim Naraghi, Elahe Taghdisi, and Negar Zafaranian. Mr. Mahmoud Khayami Garnet Sponsors: Americo Energy Resources LLC, JoAnne & David Bole, Houston HOUSTON GALA SPONSORS Community College System, Sima & Masoud Ladjevardian, Vida & Ali Ruby Sponsors: Massumi, Nina & Hamid Guity & Mahmoud Khayami, Moghadam, Shirin & Javad Ghazaleh & Khosrow B. Semnani, Rahimian, Mahasti & Behrooz and Gita & Ali Saberioon. Ramesh, Alireza Shirvani, Zahra & Rahim Soltani. Sapphire Sponsors: MAHIN & AKBAR LADJEVARDIAN AND Ms. Rudi Bakhtiar SOHEILA & MEHDI METGHALCHI. THE HONOREES OF THE HOUSTON GALA The event will begin with a cock- tail reception and silent auction of 60 Dr. Abbas Firoozabadi items at 7:00 pm. Mr. Saberioon will is Director of the Res- open the Gala with his welcoming re- ervoir Engineering Re- marks and introduce Mr. Mahmoud search Institute (RERI) Khayami, Chair of the Board of Trust- in Palo Alto, CA, and an ees of the Encyclopædia Iranica Foun- adjunct professor at dation, who will comment on the goals Yale University, and at of the Encyclopædia Iranica. A short Imperial College of London. He has video about the Encyclopædia Iranica taught at Stanford University and the by noted filmmaker, Aryana Farshad, University of Texas-Austin. Dr. will follow. Firoozabadi is the author of Thermody- Mr. Ali Saberioon namics of Hydrocarbon Reservoirs pub- 9 CISNewsletter lished by McGraw-Hill in 1999 and over 100 papers in scholarly journals. London Gala Benefit Dinner His prestigious awards include the September 30, 2004 Lucas Gold Medal of the SPE/AIME, the highest technical award of the So- Thoraya Kanji, Nalina Giacopazzi, ciety of Petroleum Engineers. On September 30, 2004, the Ball- room of the Dorchester Hotel in Lon- Elham Farsian, Sanam Oveyssi, Roya Dr. Asadollah don was site of the Magic of Persia Kalhor, Guity Benjamin, and Liza Hayatdavoudi is Inaugural Event in support of the Tesei. professor of pe- Encyclopædia Iranica. Dr. Shirin Ebadi, troleum engineer- 2003 Nobel Laureate and Honoree of 470 guests attended the memorable ing at the Univer- the evening was sadly unable to attend gathering; a new version of the sity of Louisiana, due to a family tragedy; however, she Encyclopædia Iranica video presenta- Lafayette. He is a tion, edited by Aryana Farshad and 1993 recipient of graciously sent a video presentation of the regional SPE her speech which was shown at the start with a score by Farnoush Behzad, was shown, and speeches by Mr. Mahmoud Service award, a former SPE short of the event. course instructor, a practicing registered Khayami, Chairman of Encyclopædia professional engineer and the 1990 dis- The Executive Committee con- Iranica Foundation, and His Highness tinguished professor of the UL Foun- sisted of Shirley Elghanian (Chair), Shaykh Nahayan al-Nahayan fol- dation. As principal inventor, he holds Vajihe Solaymani (Vice Chair), lowed. Prof. Yarshater then explained 20 US and international patents and has Michael Elghanayan (Treasurer), in particular the new approach of the published more than 50 papers in vari- Ahmad Boroumand (Auditor), Encyclopædia which has led to the com- ous SPE, SME, ASME, SPWLA sym- Sepideh Saldjoughi (Event Coordina- missioning of entries both alphabeti- posia, journals, and trade publications. tor), Diddi Malek (Auctioneer), cally and also out of alphabetical order. Dr. Parviz Mina re- Shahnaz Atighetchi (Catering), Farhad The new approach has accelerated the ceived his B.S. and program of the Encyclopædia and con- Ph.D. degrees in siderably shortened the timeframe for chemical/petroleum its completion. engineering from the University of Birming- The event was ably managed by ham in England. He journalist and radio anchor Mr. Farzad served the Iranian oil Djavadi. Since April 2000, he has been industry for 25 years and his last posi- producing and hosting a series of tion before the 1979 Revolution was Member of the Board of Directors and weekly programs called “A Look at the Managing Director of International Af- Encyclopaedia Iranica” (Negahi be fairs of the National Iranian Oil Com- Daneshname-ye Iranica), for the Per- pany. Since 1979, Dr. Mina has been sian Service of Radio France working as an international petroleum Internationale. consultant with various international oil companies, the United Nations, and the The evening also featured superb Group for International Studies and entertainment by Sufi dancer Laya Evaluations. Turkaman, songs by Sattar and Ms. Shirley Elghanian Mahasti, and last but not least, a magi- Mr. Ali Saberioon, a Trustee of the Encyclopædia Iranica Foundation, is an Matloub (Entertainment Coordinator), entrepreneur with more than 25 years Shadi Fahid (Editor), Alidad Mahlouji of experience in the oil and gas indus- (Theme Consultant), Farzad Djavadi try. As the president and CEO of Sabco (Advisor), Sharareh Khayami (Con- Oil and Gas Corporation, he has man- sultant), and Javad Zahir (Web & IT). aged to expand his one-man explora- The magnificent Magic Tree was ar- tion and production company with a ranged through the hard work and spe- startup value of less than $1 million into cial talent of Linda Panahpour. a substantial mid-sized independent company operating onshore and off- The Gala Committee included shore the United States. Mr. Saberioon Maryam Mafi, Roya Elghanian, is the founder and major contributor of the Iranian Medical Relief Foundation Shahnaz Guivi, Sandra Elghanayan, (IMRF), and serves on several Boards Nikoo Saffari, Flora Tesei, Monica of philanthropic and educational orga- Hoveyda, Mojgan Emami, Saba Khoi, Mr. Farzad Djavadi nizations. Philp Renna, Michael-Henry Krayem, CISNewsletter 10 cal performance by Experimentalist LONDON GALA SPONSORS most reliable manuscripts of the Gerard Senehi. Shahnameh and has produced the first Ruby Sponsor: truly critical edition of Ferdowsi’s A beautiful meditative dance by Mahmoud Khayami monumental work, gave a talk on the Laya Torkaman followed the live auc- work and the tremendous amount of tion. Laya’s dancing is inspired by the Emerald Sponsors: effort that has gone into securing MSS copies and its editing. mystical poetry of the classical Persian Anonymous and Akbar Ghahary, poets such as Rumi and Hafez. Ph.D. At the event, a vocal composition called My Land (Sarzamin-e man), by Sapphire Sponsor: Dr. Taha, in addtition to a number of Mehdi Metghalchi local songs and two poems of Hafez were performed by former musicians of Turquoise Sponsors: Tehran’s National Symphonic Orches- Lord David Alliance, Epic UK Ltd, tra: Talin Ohanian, soprano vocalist, and Donald Kahn and Amin Jamalpour, pianist and choir director. Topaz Sponsors: Farbod Dowlatshahi, Shahpar & This event was supported by Mr. Isaac Hakim, and Jeryl and Steve Arbab Rostam Zartoshti of whom Mahasti Sattar Oristaglio Prof. Yarshater said “he lives with the Shahnameh, he breathes the Mahasti is a genuine and versatile Garnet Sponsors: Shahnameh, and he dreams of the vocalist with a long and solid career and Anonymous, Aspinalls Club, Azadeh Shahnameh.” He has been sponsoring rich artistic portfolio, ranging from tra- Hariri, Crockfords Club, Desiree monthly Shahnameh readings in ditional Bazm to some pure pop cre- Dagmi & Dennis Carlston, Maryam Vancouver for years and has encouraged ations. She maintains the respect that Mahloudji, Stanford Financial the same elsewhere. He celebrates the she has always received from her fel- Group, Sedigheh Rastegar, and birth of Ferdowsi each year with great low artists and the loyalty of her fans. Sleem Hasan relish. HONORING Sattar’s fame began at the age of KHALEGHI-MOTLAGH UPPORTERS OF RANICA 22 with the release of the theme song RECEIVES AWARD S I for the popular television show called Continued from page 5 “Morad Barghi” in Iran. Now after hav- ing recorded over 200 songs, Sattar has been published in quarto format) gave started a company devoted to keeping a brief account of the significance of Iranian music and culture alive. As a Ferdowsi’s work for preservation of Ira- caring individual Sattar volunteers to nian national identity and continued by perform at charity events for causes discussing major editions of close to his heart. Shahnameh, pointing out the signifi- cance of Khaleghi’s edition based on 14 With a joyful and skillful style, manuscripts that have served as the main sources of this edition. Gerard Senehi, mentalist, mind reader and corporate entertainer, astonished the Dr. Mahin and Masood audience. Gerard is recognized interna- Khatamee will be hosting a dinner re- tionally not only as a brilliant performer ception on December 2, 2004 to honor but also as a true master of the art of the long-standing supporters of the mentalism. Encyclopaedia Iranica, including mem- bers of the 1000 and 2000 Clubs who The resounding success of the have supported the project for ten years evening was in no small measure due or more, as well as the individuals and to the initiative, dedication, and tireless couples who have hosted a dinner for efforts of Magic of Persia Chairman the members of those clubs, namely: Shirley Elghanaian, her advisor Misha & Mansour Sharif Zandieh, From right: Dr. Khaleghi, Dr. Taha, Dr. Farideh & Fraydoon Moqtaderi, Vicky Roxane Zand, her assistant Sepi Yarshater, and Mr. Zartoshti Khalili, Nahid & Shahrokh Ahkami, Saljoughi, and the rest of the Magic of Layla Diba, Nina & Zia Ghavami, Sedi Persia Event Committee. Dr. Khaleghi, who has spent the past 35 years collating the oldest and & Akbar Ghahary, and Mitra & Shahram Razmzan. 11 CISNewsletter

COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY SEMINARS ON IRANIAN STUDIES deluxe manuscripts. This feature not former detail seems to originate in Ar- SULTAN MURAD III MORAQQA’ only increases the album’s aesthetic menia, travel to the Narts, and move value, but also aids greatly in recon- with the Alans to the lands where the On Tuesday, May 18, 2004, Dr. structing the “original” album. Thirdly, legends of King Arthur took shape. Two Aimée Froom of the Brooklyn Mu- the album’s miniature paintings, ink of the heroes of Sasun are named Mher seum of Art led the discussion on “Ot- drawings and calligraphed verses of (i.e., Mithra). The first fights a lion and toman and Persian influences in the poetry are not predominantly Turkish, is named arryutsadzev (‘lion-rende’ or Sultan Morad III moraqqa’ (Vienna, but are of Persian origin. ‘lion-form’, cf. the Mithraic Cod. Mixt. 313)” and discussed the ex- Leontocephalus); the second is an traordinary and unique moraqqa’ (al- Finally Dr. Froom explained that apocalyptic figure (cf. the Zoroastrian bum). the majority of material in the album Mithra). consists of calligraphy specimens, mostly from ghazals of Persian lyric Prof. Russell next discussed the poetry copied by celebrated Persian possible social context for the epics, calligraphers active in the early to mid- examining the medieval Armenian 16th century. There are also Tabriz and young men’s associations. He then Ottoman-style decorative pages that turned to the question of epics before feature saz-style drawings and a beau- that of Sasun, particularly the Artaxiad tiful example of a papercut garden of cycle with its apocalyptic dénouement flowers and cypress trees. This in the story of the millennially impris- moraqqa’ celebrates a marriage of Per- oned Artawazsd. sian and Turkish art re-contextualized in an Ottoman format and provides a The Artawazd episode, and the part unique opportunity to comment on the of the cycle concerning Tigran, which artistic patronage of Morad III, Ottoman Prof. Russell has attempted to recon- collecting practices, and the possible struct, both deal with Armenian enmity Dr. Aimée Froom reasons why an album for one of the toward the Medes and their king greatest Ottoman bibliophiles features Azhdahak. Azhdahak is of course the She began by explaining its cre- so prominently Persian literary and vi- ation in the 16th-century for one of the sual culture. greatest Ottoman bibliophiles, Sultan Morad III (r. 1574-95; Vienna, IRANIAN-RELIGIOUS MATERIAL Österreichische Nationalbibliothek, IN ARMENIAN CULTURE Codex Mixtus 313). Moraqqa’ means “that which is put together from sev- On Tuesday, September 7, 2004 Dr. eral pieces” and refers to the albums James Russell, Mashtots Professor of compiled by and for imperial and non- Armenian Studies at Harvard Univer- imperial Muslim connoisseurs and col- sity, led a discussion on “The Place of lectors from prized examples of paint- Epic in the Preservation of pre-Chris- ings, calligraphies and drawings that tian (mostly Iranian) religious material were collected together and bound into in Armenian Culture.” Dr. James Russell a volume. Within the Islamic album tra- dition, the Sultan Morad III album is Prof. Russell pointed out that the Azhi Dahaka of the Avesta, a dragon- unusual and worthy of study for a num- particular type of pre-Islamic Iranian man and the paragon of misrule. His ber of reasons. It has a clearly docu- religion the Armenian epic enshrines is name sounded like that of the historical mented history: the album dedication a complex of beliefs and images, which, Astyages (*Rishtivaiga), the Mede van- identifies its patron, Sultan Morad III, taken together, represent the proto- quished by Cyrus-Iranian imagination and the detailed preface names the Mithraism from which the Roman cult fused the two; and since ‘Mede’ in Ar- album’s compiler, one Mehmed of the Imperial era develops. Even as menian is mar, which in turn was ten- Cenderecizade, and the location and the Western Mithraists were mainly sol- dentiously interpreted as Persian mar, date of its production, Constantinople/ diers and always men, the Armenian ‘snake’, the wars of the Armenian kings Istanbul, 980 H./1572-73. Secondly, form of the cult one can reconstruct in the epic assumed the religiously po- Morad III’s album is unique because of from the Sasun epic involves heroes of tent and folkloric archetypal character its decorative program. Elaborate de- preternatural stature acting within a he- of a Drachenkampf. signs were created especially for the roic code. The first generation, Sanasar margins of each folio by Ottoman pal- and Baghdasar, are twins, like Cautes Finally, Prof. Russell observed that ace artisans. and Cautopates, and are likewise un- more recent Armenian epics also deal equal in height and character. They are with ancient themes, and episodes from Dr. Froom continued by compar- born of a rock (cf. Mithras Saxigenus/ Armenian epic traveled north and were ing these extraordinary works of art, petrogenes). The heroes wear a magic incorporated into the Nart cycle. Arme- which stand in sharp contrast to the ‘battle cross’ (Khach’ patrazin), fight nia was thus a part of the Iranian world, homogenous marginal decoration of with a magic sword later immersed in but distinct, innovative, creative, and contemporary Islamic albums and even water, and ride a talking horse. The a source in its own right. CISNewsletter 12

Books for Sale

SUPPORT Research on Persian history and OTES ON THE HAHNAME civilization by making annual donations to Columbia N S University or the Encyclopædia Iranica Foundation, (YADDASHT-HA-YE SHAHNAME) both tax exempt organizations. By Dr. Djalal Khaleghi-Motlagh, volumes 1 & 2. No other Our address: work of Persian literature has been so carefully and so thoroughly examined. Every single line, allusion, or names Encyclopædia Iranica Foundation has been amply explained. 450 Riverside Drive, Suite 4 Price: $65 per volume New York, NY 10027 Tel: (212) 851-5723 Fax: (212) 749-9524 THE HISTORY OF MEDICINE IN IRAN email: [email protected] This volume consists of articles extracted from the first 12 volumes of the Encyclopædia Iranica and includes medical institutions, works on medicine, biographies of medical SUBSCRIBE to the Encyclopædia Iranica and scholars and physicians, etc. encourage your local libraries, colleges, and Price: $39.00 universities to subscribe. HIGHLIGHTS OF PERSIAN ARTS All volumes previously out of print are now available. ILLUSTRATED Prices: Edited by Richard Ettinghausen and Ehsan Yarshater. Volumes I-V are $340.00 per volume A comprehensive account of Persian art from the beginning to the present by outstanding scholars. Volumes VI-XII are $250.00 per volume. Price: $49.00 Please note that each copy of the Encyclopædia Iranica HISTORY OF SHAH ABBAS BY costs nearly $750.00 to produce. The price of each copy is ESKANDAR BEG over two-thirds below the cost because of grants, subsidies, Translated by Roger Savory in 3 volumes with complete and donations. subject and proper names index. Orders may be placed with Eisenbrauns at: Price: $129.00 Eisenbrauns Inc. P.O. Box 275 SADEQ HEDAYAT: AN ANTHOLOGY Winona Lake, IN 46590 Edited by Ehsan Yarshater. Phone: (574) 269-2011 Price: $24.00 (hard cover) Fax: (574) 269-6788 Email: [email protected]

Center for Iranian Studies Columbia University 450 Riverside Drive, Suite 4 New York, NY 10027

Address Correction Requested

Printed Matter 13 CISNewsletter