20th Century European, World Conflicts Dr. Klein Hist-396\696 Spring '09

Syllabus: Part 2: Additional Readings

1) IMPERIALISM AND WORLD POLITICS

The standard work on the diplomacy of the imperial era, although old, is William Langer=s Diplomacy of Imperialism ; the most , is by Hannah Arendt, Imperialism , also found as Pt. 1 of her Origins of Totalitarianism , but it is a difficult work. A literary classic of significance is Joseph Conrad =s. Heart of Darkness . Another, on the internal impact of imperialism is George Orwell =s Burmese Days . A synthesizing book, useful for this course in Winfred Baumgart =s Imperialism . D.K. Fieldhouse puts forward his ideas in Colonialism and The Colonial Empires. The important ideas of John Gallagher and R. Robinson are discussed in William R. Lewis, Imperialism , The Gallagher-Robinson Controversy . See also, J. Gallagher and R. Robinson, Africa and the Victorians . Another writer of intellectual significance is A. P. Thornton, whose works include The Imperial Idea and Its Enemies , Doctrines of Imperialism and Imperialism in the Twentieth Century . Among works that deal with diplomatic features of imperialism are George Monger, The End of Isolation and Ian Nish, The Anglo-Japanese Alliance , both focusing primarily on British policies. For French expansion see John Cady, The Roots of French Imperialism in Eastern Asia , Herbert Priestly, France Overseas ; Stephen Roberts, French Colonial Policy ; Thomas Power, Jules Ferry and French Imperialism . For Germany, A.J.P. Taylor, Germany =s First Bid for Colonies ; and W.O. Aydelotte, Bismarck and British Colonial Policy ; and M.E. Townsend The Rise and Fall of Germany =s Colonial Empire ; and W.D. Smith, The German Colonial Empire; and W.O. Henderson, Studies in German Colonial History . On Russia: B.H. Sumner, Tsardom and Imperialism ; D. J. Dallin, The Rise of Russia in Asia ; J. A. White, The Diplomacy of the Russo-Japanese War ; and D. Walder, The Short Victorious War Russo-Japanese Conflict . On racial and psychological aspects, see O. Manoni, Prospero and Caliban ; and Philip Mason, Prospero =s Magic . A Marxist orientation is found in V. G. Kiernan, Marxism and Imperialism . Among more specialized or local studies, mainly focusing on British policy are: B. Porter, The Lion =s Share ; and R. Hyam, Britain =s Imperial Century ; Elizabeth Munro, Britain =s Moment in the Middle East ; Bernard Semmel, Imperialism and Social Reform ; R. Faber, Vision and Need, Late Victorian Imperial Aims ; B. Porter, Critics of Empire ; Max Beloff, Imperial Sunset ; D.C. Gordon, Moment of Power ; C.C. Eldridge, England =s Mission ; D.A. Low, Lion Rampant ; J.W. Cell, British Colonial Administration ; V. Halperin, Lord Milner ; G.H. Uzoigwe, Britain and The Conquest of Africa ; Studies of the West and Africa include Philip Curtin, Africa and the West ; and The Image of Africa ; and The Rulers of German Africa ; and The Rulers of Belgian Africa ; H.S. Wilson, The Imperial Experience in Sub-Saharan Africa ; S.M. Schreuder, The Scramble for Southern Africa ; B. Farwell, The Great Anglo-Boer War ; T. Pakenham, The Boer War ; W.B. Cohen, The French Encounter with Africans ; R. Tignor, The Colonial Transformation of Kenya ; R.D. Wolff, The Economics of Colonialism: Britain and Kenya ; M.M. Knight, Morocco as a French Economic Venture ; H. Rudin, Germans in the Cameroons ; J. Suret-Canale, French Colonialism in Tropical Africa ; Ruth Slade, King Leopold =s Congo ; J. S. Galbraith, Reluctant Empire: British Policy on the Southern African Frontier ; Margery Perham, Lugard ; James Flint, Sir George Goldie ; Felix Gross, Rhodes in Africa ; Ronald Oliver, Sir Henry Johnson and The Scramble for Africa .

2) WORLD WAR I: ORIGINS AND PEACEMAKING

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The best general diplomatic history of the period culminating in World War I is A.J. P. Taylor =s Struggle for Mastery in Europe , difficult and demanding reading. Among older general studies of the origins of the ΑGreat War ≅ are those by Harry Elmer Barnes, S.B. Fay, Bernadette Schmitt, G.P. Gooch, Eric Brandenburg, Pierre Reneuvin, and Luigi Albertini, many quite massive and detailed. More recent works, noted for either style, brevity, or controversy, number L.C. Turner, Origins of World War I ; Dwight Lee, Europe =s Crucial Years ; Joachim Remak, The Origins of World War I ; V.R. Burghahn, Germany and the Approach to War ; the last two are noted for integrating domestic and international developments. The most controversial but influential tome is by Fritz Fischer, Germany =s Aims and Approach to War . See also J.A. Moses, The Politics of Illusion: The Fischer Revolution in German Historiography , and I. Geiss, German Foreign Policy . Among useful memoirs (valuable for term papers) are those by Edward Gray, R.B. Haldane, Raymond Poincare, Theobold Bethmann-Holwig and Bernard Von Bulow, and the leading German and British Admirals, Fisher and Tirpitz. For national or special studies, see P.M. Kennedy, The Rise of Anglo- German Antagonism ; J. Nere, The Foreign Policy of France ; R.J. Bosworth, Italy, the Least of the Great ; C.J. Lowe and F. Marzari, Italian Foreign Policy ; George Monger, End of Isolation, British Foreign Policy 1900-1909 ; C. Andrew, Delcasse and the Making of the Entente Cordiale ; E.C. Helmreich, Diplomacy of the Balkan Wars ; C. Hazelhurst, Politicians at War . On the war itself, see general works by Basil Liddell Hart (a distinguished strategist, and an originator of ΑFluid War ≅ - renamed by the Germans as ΑBlitzkreig ≅). See also books by H. Baldwin and C.B. Falls. Additionally, P. Kennedy, War Plans of the Great Powers ; and on war and society, M. Ferre, The Great War . For literate, individual reactions to trench warfare and slaughter, see George Shersten (Siegfried Sassoon), Memoirs ; and Robert Greaves, Goodbye to All That . Among the many studies of individual war phases and struggles are Barbara Tuchman, Guns of August , vivid but overblown; G. Ritter, The Schlieffen Plan ; Alan Moorehead, Gallipoli ; N. Stone, The Eastern Front ; T. Ackworth, Trench Warfare ; E.J. Lead, No Man =s Land . On home front activities, see J. Williams, The Other Battleground: Home Fronts, Britain, France, Germany . A comparable study for the United States is D.N. Kennedy, Over Here . G. Hardach, The First World War is an economic not a military study. Other special studies include M. Kitchen, The German High Command: Hindenburg and Ludendorff ; A. J. May. The Passing of the Hapsburg Empire ; Z.A. Zeman, Breakup of the Hapsburg Empire ; R.B. Armenson, Total Warfare and Compulsory Labor . Among the most worthwhile studies of the diplomacy of war and peace making are V.H. Rothwell, British War Aims and Peace Diplomacy ; D. Stevenson, French War Aims Against Germany ; P.C. Helmreich, From Paris to Sevres ; Partition of the Ottoman Empire ; K.J. Calder, Britain and the Origins of The New Europe ; A.J. Mayer, Political Origin of the New Diplomacy; L.L. Farrar, Divide and Conquer, German Efforts for a Separate Peace; John Wheeler Bennet, The Forgotten Peace: Brest- Litovsk ; L. Stein, The Balfour Declaration . Focusing particularly on Versailles are the old Αclassics, ≅ Harold Nicholson, Peacemaking and J.M. Keynes, The Economic Consequences of Peace , both critical of Wilsonism; P. Birdsall, Versailles Twenty Years After ; Eli Mantoux, Cartheginian Peace ; J.M. Thompson, Russia, Bolshevism, and the Versailles Peace . See also C.L. Mee, The End of Order:Versailles ; M.L. Dockrill and J.E. Goold, Peace Without Promise ; and studies of Italy at Versailles by Rene Albrecht Carrie, and of the German-Polish settlement by I. Morrow.

3) REVOLUTIONARY AND DEPRESSION EUROPE

The course focuses for a time on internal, revolutionary changes in Europe in order to 3 understand international relations and the coming of World War II. More than a pro-forma knowledge is needed of revolution and instability to relate it to war. Among the numerous relevant volumes on Russia are surveys of the old regime by Hugh Seton Watson, Bernard Pares, and Richard Pipes. There are good biographies of Lenin by David Shub, Louis Fischer, Robert Conquest and M.C. Morgan. Special studies which cover the pre-revolutionary era include D.W. Treadgold, Lenin and His Rivals ; L. Haimson, Russian Marxists and the Origins of Bolshevism ; S.H. Baron, Plekanov , and Adam Ulam, The Bolsheviks , and F. Venturi, Roots of Revolution . A useful comparative biography is Bertram Wolfe =s Three Who Made a Revolution . A short analytical synthesis is T.H. Von Laue =s Why Lenin, Why Stalin, Why Gorbachev . The outstanding biography of Trotsky is Isaac Deutscher =s three volumes, particularly The Prophet Armed . Other biographers of worth on Trotsky are L. Howe, R. Payne, and R. Segal. For Stalin, Adam Ulam =s Stalin: Man and Era is usually rated best; but see also biographies by Deutscher and R.C. Tucker. On the revolution and beyond, see the one volume synopsis of E.H. Carr =s massive study, Russian Revolution: Lenin to Stalin ; and see also M. Ferre Russian Revolution of 1917 ; J.H. Keep, The Russian Revolution ; T. Hasegawa, The February Revolution ; Leonard Schapiro, The Communist Party of the USSR, and The Origins of the Communist Autocracy ; Richard Pipes, The Formation of the Soviet Union , (on policies toward nationalities); George Kennan, Russia and the West Under Lenin and Stalin (an intelligent, influential American diplomat =s view); Kruschev Remembers ; James Billington, The Icon and the Axe , on Russian culture; John Hazard =s studies on Soviet law; A. Nove =s Economic History of the USSR; and J.P. Nettle =s assessment, The Soviet Achievement . A brilliant if abstruse intellectual work centering (eventually) on the idea of Fascism is Hannah Arendt =s Origins of Totalitarianism ; and another intellectual milestone is Karl Popper=s Open Society and Its Enemies . A brilliant comparative study is Ernst Nolte =s Three Faces of Fascism . Others of value on Fascism include Stanley Payne, Fascism ; John Weiss, The Fascist Tradition , H.R. Kedward, Fascism in Western Europe ; Alan Cassels, Fascism ; and F.L. Carsten, The Rise of Fascism . On the vexed issue of Αtotalitarianism ≅ and dictatorship, see Carl Friedrich and Z. Brezezinski, Totalitarian Dictatorship and Amos Perlmutter, Modern Authoritarianism . A leading interpreter of Fascism in Italy is A.J. Greger; see his Ideology of Fascism , and Italian Fascism and Developmental Dictatorship . D. Mack Smith =s Mussolini often is rated as the best on IL Duce. Others of note on Italian Fascism include Alan Cassels, Fascist Italy ; Elizabeth Wiskemann, Fascism in Italy .; A Lyttelton, The Seizure of Power ; F. Chabod, A History of Italian Fascism ; E. Tannenbaum, The Fascist Experience: Italian Society ; M. Gallo, Mussolini =s Italy; C. Delzell, Mussolini =s Enemies , F.W. Deakin, The Brutal Friendship ; and D.D. Roberts, The Syndacalist Tradition and Italian Fascism . Among the best biographies of Hitler are those by Alan Bullock, Joachim Fest and John Toland. See also Robert Waite, The Psychopathic God: Hitler ; a psychological interpretation. For an older, suggestive psycho-social portrait of the rise of Nazism, see Eric Fromm, Escape from Freedom . A brilliant but abstruse and lengthy study is William Shirer =s Rise and Fall of the Third Reich . Useful general treatments include D. Shoenbaum, Hitler's Social Revolution ; and H. Mau and H. Krausnick, German History 1933-45. For the intellectual background to Nazism, see G.L. Mosse, Crisis of German Ideology . Other useful studies include Telford Taylor, Sword and Swastika . Edward Crankshaw, Gestapo ; W.S. Allen, Nazi Seizure of Power: A Single Town ; Z.A. Zeaman, Nazi Propaganda ; G. Reitlinger, S.S.; E.C Helmreich, German Churches Under Hitler ; P. Hoffman, History of the German Resistance ; J.W. Stephenson, Women in Nazi Society ; O.J. Hale, The Captive Press ; A. Schweitzer, Big Business in the Third Reich . A personal memoir which conveys vividly the sense of despair and confusion in the democracies during the depression in George Orwell =s Down and Out in Paris and 4

London . The best material on France in the interwar period for our purposes still probably is in the surveys of the Third Republic. See Denis Brogan, France Under the Republic ; Gordon Wright, France in Modern Times , and Theodore Zeldin =s brilliant analysis, France 1848-1945. Alexander Werth =s works are very informative; see particularly The Twighlight of France 1933- 45 , or Charles Mowat =s solid, informative Britain Between the Wars , very valuable surveys. The brilliant, irreverent journalist, Malcom Muggeridge has left us The Thirties in Great Britain . For Churchill, see his writings, and biographies by Martin Gilbert, and the somewhat critical but insightful Churchill Revisited , ed. by A.J.P. Taylor. There are some fine biographies on other leaders, particularly Keith Feiling on Chamberlain, and Alan Bullock on Ernest Bevin.

4) EUROPEAN AND CONFLICT BEFORE WORLD WAR II

General accounts on the coming of World War II, from brief and introductory to more detailed include: Lawrence LaFore, The End of Glory; Joachim Remak, Origins of Second World War ; Elizabeth Wiskemann, Europe of the Dictators ; Maurice Baumont, Origins of the Second World War ; and Pierre Renouvin, World War II and its Origins. See also Hajo Holborn, The Political Collapse of Europe . All these works cover the evolution of foreign policies from the 1920's. For good portraits of leading diplomats of the era: Gordon Craig and Felix Gilbert, The Diplomats . For a detailed study of Nazi diplomatic policies, see Gerald Weinberg, Foreign Policy of Hitler =s Germany . Other works focusing on Germany include Norman Rich, Hitler =s War Aims ; K. Hildebrand, Foreign Policy of the Third Reich ; D. Callee, German Problem Reconsidered ; David Irving, The War Path ; J. Hidden, Germany and Europe ; E. Jackel, Hitler =s World View ; E.W. Bennett, German Rearmament and the West . For France, see A. Adamthwaite, France and the Coming of World War II ; and W.F. Scott, Alliance Against Hitler: Franco-Soviet Pact . On Britain, see F.S. Northedge, Troubled Giant: Britain Among the Powers ; D. Dilkes, ed., Retreat From Power ; N.H. Gibbs, Rearmament Policy; R.P. Shay, British Rearmament ; M. Cowling, The Impact of Hitler: British Policy . On the years leading up to Munich, see M. Gilbert and R. Gott, The Appeasers ; W.R. Rock, Appeasement on Trial ; L.B. Namier, Diplomatic Prelude ; N. Thompson, Anti-Appeasers ; A.L. Rowse, Appeasement ; C. Barnett, Collapse of British Power . For biographies of important leaders, see I. MacLeod, Chamberlain ; J. Cross on Sir Samuel Hoare; D. Carlton on Anthony Eden. For Russia and East Europe, see M. Beloff, Foreign Policy of Soviet Russia ; Kennan =s volumes, R.D. Worth, Soviet Russia in World Politics ; B. Jelavich, St. Petersburg and Moscow ; J. Erickson, The Soviet High Command ; J.A. Lukacs, The Great Powers and Eastern Europe ; G. Hilger and A.G. Meyer, Incomparable Allies: German-Soviet Relations , J. Korbel, Poland Between East and West ; J.E. McSherry, Stalin, Hitler and Europe ; A. Cienciala, Poland and the Western Powers. Among issues leading toward war, Italy =s Ethiopian venture and its diplomatic consequences can be studied in E.M. Robertson, Mussolini as Empire Builder: Italy and Africa ; G.W. Baer: Test Case: Italy, Ethiopia and the League ; and his Coming of the Italo- Ethiopian War ; see also F. Hardie, Abyssinian Crisis ; A. Del Boca, Ethiopian War . There are many worthwhile books on the Spanish Civil War. For international features, see D.A. Puzzo, Spain and the Great Powers ; Diplomacy and the Spanish Civil War ; F.J. Taylor, The United States and the Spanish Civil War ; R.D. Richardson, Comintern Army: International Brigades and Spanish Civil War ; P. Van der Esch, Prelude to War: International Repercussions of the Spanish Civil War ; and H. Feis, Spanish Story: Franco and the Nations at War ; Highly informative on internecine strife among Republican factions is George Orwell =s vivid Homage to Catalonia . On internal Spanish development, a brilliant cultural analysis is G. Brenan =s Spanish Labyrinth . For good general histories see volumes by Raymond Carr and Salvadore 5

Madriaga. For the civil war itself, see H. Thomas, Spanish Civil War ; P. Broue and E. Temime, Revolution and Civil War in Spain ; G. Jackson, Spanish Republic and Civil War ; R. Carr, Spanish Tragedy ; and S. Payne, The Spanish Revolution . Important background books to the Civil War include: B. Bolleten, Spanish Revolution: the Left ; R.A. Robinson, Origins of Franco =s Spain ; S. Payne, The Falange ; R.W. Kern, Red Years ; R. Preston, Coming of the Spanish Civil War ; and E. Malefakis, Agrarian Reform and Peasant Revolution in Spain . On the Nazi take-over of Austria, see J. Gehl, Austria, Germany, Anchluss . For Munich, see volumes by T. Taylor, J. Wheeler-Bennett, K. Eubank, and H. Nogueres.

5) WORLD WAR II

Apart from studies cited by H. Wright, Liddell Hart and Fuller, see P. Calveceressi and G. Wint, Total War ; B. Collier, The Second World War ; and Peter Young, World War 1939-45. General military-strategic studies include H.W. Baldwin, Battles Lost and Won: Great Campaigns of World War II ; H.A. Jacobson, and Jurgen Rohwer, eds., Decisive Battles of World War II: The German View ; Seymour Frieden and William Richardson, The Fatal Decision ; and D. Downing, The Devil =s Virtuosos: German Generals at War . For the air war, see R.J. Overy, The Air War ; and M. Hastings, Bomber Command . For naval combat see J. Creswell, Sea Warfare ; S.W. Reskill, The War at Sea , and the one volume abridgement of S.E. Morison =s Two-Ocean War , on the American involvement. There are many valuable war memoirs left by leading generals; see those by Eisenhower, Bradley, Montgomery, Alexander, Mark Clark, Eric Von Manstein, Heinz Guderian, Karl Doenitz, Franz Halder, and Marshalls Keitel and Kesselring, and General de Gaulle, and Admiral Reader. For the opening round of hostilities in Poland, see R.M. Kennedy, The German Campaign in Poland . Britain =s Norwegian debacle can be studied in T.K. Derry =s Campaign in Norway ; and J.L. Moulton =s Norwegian Campaign . There is a good deal of literature on the fall of France, Vichy France and the French Resistance. See particularly Guy Chapman, Why France Fell ; J.A. Gunsberg, Divided and Conquered ; R.F. Young, In Command of France ; L. Thompson, 1940: Fall of France ; E.M. Gates, End of the Affair: Collapse of Anglo-French Alliance ; P.H. Bell, A Certain Eventuality: Britain and Fall of France . See also the intense memoirs of the French political leader, Paul Reynoud, and biographies of de Gaulle by Alexander Worth, Jean Lacoutoure, and A.L. Funk; and F. Kersaudy, Churchill ad DeGaulle . For Vichy France, Robert Paxton =s book Vichy France is best. See also G. Warner on Pierre Laval, and R.T. Thomas, Britain and Vichy . On resistance, collaboration and liberation: Blake Ehrlich, Resistance France ; J.F. Sweets, Politics of Resistance in France ; B.M. Gordon, Collaboration in France ; R. Aron, France Reborn . The Battle of Britain and Anglo-German War are detailed in Telford Taylor =s Breaking Wave ; Ronald Wheatley, Operation Sea Lion ; Edward Bishop, Battle of Britain ; Walter Ansel, Hitler Confronts England ; Drew Middleton, Sky Suspended ; Marcel Jullian, Battle of Britain ; Basil Collier, Defense of the United Kingdom ; and Battle of Britain ; Corelli Barnett, The Desert Generals ; Paul Carell, Foxes of the Desert ; R.W. Thompson, Montgomery Legend ; D. Irving, Trail of the Fox . On the War in Russia: A. Clark, Barbarossa ; T. Higgins, Hitler and Russia ; Paul Carell, Hitler =s War in Russia ; George Blau, German Campaign in Russia ; J. Erikson, Road to Stalingrad ; and D. Irving, Hitler =s Spies ; an apologia for Der Fuehrer . For the war economies of Europe, Alan Milward =s studies are best. On codes, intelligence, science and technology; see P. Calvororessi, Top Secret Ultra ; R. Lewin, Ultra Goes to War ; R. Jones, The Wizard War ; D. Kahn, Hitler =s Spies ; Ronald Clark, Rise of the Boffins, and Tigard ; Roy Harrod, The Prof. ; Robert Page, Origins of Radar ; Dudley Saward, Bomber =s Eye ; Robert Watson Watt, Three Steps to Victory ; Walter Dornberger, V2 ; David 6

Irving, Mare =s Nest ; Eric Burgess, Guided Weapons ; Philip Joubert-Ferte, Rocket ; Ronald Clark, Birth of the Bomb ; David Irving, German Atomic Bomb (Virus House) ; Gerald Pawle, The Secret War ; Rudolf Lusar, German Secret Weapons ; Leslie Simon, German Research in World War II . On German domination and occupation of Europe, see Alexander Dallin, German Rule in Russia; Gerald Reitlinger, The House Built in Sand ; Ihor Kanemetsky, Hitler =s Occupation of the Ukraine ; T. Cyprian and J. Sawicki, Nazi Rule in Poland ; J.T. Gross, Polish Society Under German Occupation . On European resistance: H. Michel, Shadow War ; M.R. Foot, Resistance ; J. Haestrup, Europe Ablaze . On Nazi racism and persecution, and the Holocaust, see Raul Hilberg, Destruction of European Jews ; Gerald Reitlinger, Final Solution ; Lucy Davidowicz, War Against the Jews ; H. Fein, Accounting for Genocide ; K.G. Feig, Hitler =s Death Camps ; E. Kogon, Theory and Practice of Hell ; K.A. Schleunes, Twisted Road to Auschwitz ; Y. Bauer, The Holocaust in Perspective , and History of the Holocaust .

6) AMERICA AND EUROPEAN AND WORLD AFFAIRS

In addition to surveys of American diplomacy by Thomas Bailey, Samuel Bemis, Alexander DeConde and Howard Jones, see:

Gabriel Almond, The American People and Foreign Policy : Marshall Knappen, An Introduction to American Foreign Policy ; George Kennan, American Diplomacy 1900-1950 ; Robert Osgood, Ideals and Self-Interest in American Foreign Policy ; Norman Graebner, ed. An Uncertain Tradition: American Secretaries of State ; John Grenville and George Young, Politics, Strategy and American Diplomacy 1873-1917; Richard Challener, Admirals, Generals and American Foreign Policy 1898-1914 ; Ernest May, Imperial Years: Emergence of America as a Great Power ; Walter LaFeber, The New Empire ; H. Wayne Morgan, America =s Road to Empire ; Julius Pratt, The Expansionists of 1898 ; Ernest May, American Imperialism ; Robert Beisner, Twelve Against Empire ; Berkeley Tomkins, Anti-Imperialism in the United States 1890-1920 ; Hans Kohn, American Nationalism ; Earl Winslow, The Pattern of Imperialism ; Harold and Margaret Sprout, Rise of American Naval Power ; Howard Beale, Theodore Roosevelt and the Rise of America to World Power ; Raymond Esthus, Theodore Roosevelt and International Rivalries ; Walter and Mattie Scholes, The Foreign Policies of the Taft Administration ; Foster Dulles, America in the Pacific ; Charles Campbell, Special Business Interests and the Open Door ; Lawrence Bastitini, The United States and Asia ; Foster Dulles, China and America ; Paul Varg, Missionaries, Chinese, and Diplomats ; Payson Treat, Diplomatic Relations Between the United States and Japan 1895-1905 ; Outten Clinnard, Japan =s Influence on American Naval Power ; William Braisted, The United States navy in the Pacific ; Charles Vevier, United States and China 1906-1913; Scott Nearing and Joseph Freeman, Dollar Diplomacy ; Roy Curry, Woodrow Wilson and Far Eastern Policy ; Russell Fifield, Woodrow Wilson and the Far East: Shantung ; Charles Neu, Uncertain Friendship: Theodore Roosevelt and Japan ; Akira Irye, Across the Pacific: American-East Asian Relations ; Edward Zabrikie, American Russian Rivalry in the Far East 1895-1914 ; Paul Varg, Making of a Myth: United States & China 1879-1912 ; Pauline Tomkins, American Russian Relations in the Far East ; Thomas Bailey, America Faces Russia; William A. Williams, American-Russian Relations 1781-1917 ; Harry Allen, Great Britain and the United States 1783-1952 ; Charles Campbell, Anglo-American Understanding 1898-1903 ; Ernest May, The World War and American Isolation ; Ross Gregory, Origins of United States Intervention in the First World War ; Daniel Smith, The Great Departure: United States and World War I ; Arthur 7

Link, Wilson: the Struggle for Neutrality ; Karl Birnbaum, Peace Moves and U-Boat Warfare ; Kent Forster, The Failures of Peace ; Armin Rappaport, British Press and Wilsonian Neutrality ; Arthur Link, Wilson the Diplomatist ; Daniel Smith, Robert Lansing and American Neutrality ; Thomas Bailey, Woodrow Wilson and the Lost Peace ; Thomas Bailey, Woodrow Wilson and the Great Betrayal ; Ralph Stone, The Irreconcilables: the Fight Against the League of Nations ; George Kennan, The Decision to Intervene: Prelude to Allied Intervention in the Bolshevik Revolution ; Gordon Levin, Woodrow Wilson and World Politics ; Merlo Pusey, Charles Evans Hughes ; Lawrence Martin, Peace Without Victory: Woodrow Wilson and British Liberals ; Ray Baker, Woodrow Wilson and World Settlement ; John White, The Siberian Intervention ; A. Whitney-Griswold, Far Eastern Policy of the United States ; Merze Tate, The United States and Armaments ; George Davis, A Navy Second to None ; Robert Ferrell, Peace in Their Time: Kellog-Briand Pact ; Francis Walters, League of Nations ; Robert Ferrell, American Diplomacy in the Great Depression ; Alan Nevins, The United States in a Chaotic World; Alan Nevins, The United States in World Affairs ; Thomas Bisson, America =s Far Eastern Policy ; Raymond Mikesell, United States Economic Policy and International Relations ; Herbert Feis, Diplomacy of the Dollar, 1919-1932 ; Slig Adler, The Isolationist Impulse ; John Wilzte, From Isolationism to War ; Manfred Jonas, Isolationism in America ; Robert Divine, The Illusion of Neutrality ; Wayne Cole, America First ; Elton Morrison, Turmoil and Tradition: Stimson, Julius, Pratt, Cordell Hull ; Richard Current, Secretary Stimson ; Arnold Offner, America =s Appeasement of Germany ; Robert Dallek, Democrat and Diplomat: Dodd ; Robert Divine, Roosevelt and World War II ; Charles Beard, American Foreign Policy 1932-1940 ; Basil Rauch, Roosevelt: Munich to Pearl Harbor ; William Langer and Everett Gleason, The Undeclared War 1940-1941 ; Dorothy Borg, United States and Far Eastern Crises 1933-1938 ; Robert Butow, Tojo and the Coming of War ; Paul Schroeder, The Axis Alliance and Japanese-American Relations ; Robert Wohlstetter, Pearl Harbor ; Hans Trefouse, Germany and American Neutrality 1939-1941 ; Samuel Morison, The Rising Sun in the Pacific 1931-1942 ; Herbert Feis, The China Tangle ; Herbert Feis, Churchill, Roosevelt, Stalin ; Herbert Feis, Between War and Peace; John Gaddis, Russia, Soviet Union, United States ; John Gaddis, The Cold War; Robert Dallek, Nixon and Kissinger , Fredrick Logevall, ed., Nixon and theWorld ; Robert Johnson, Congress and the Cold War.

7) JAPAN: DOMESTIC AND INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENTS

George Sansom, History of Japan (to 1850's); W.G. Beasley, Modern Japan ; Edwin Reischauer, Japan ; Irwin Scheiner and T. Najita, Japanese Thought in Tokagawa Period ; Peter Nosco, Confucianism and Tokagawa Culture ; Robert Bellah, Tokagawa Religions ; H.B. Earhart, Religions of Japan ; Stephan Vlastos, Peasant Risings and Protests in Tokagawa Japan ; David Earl, Emperor and Nation in Japan ; Harold Bolitho, Treasures Among Men ; H. Webb, Japanese Imperial Institutions in Tokagawa Period ; C.J. Dunn, Everyday Life in Traditional Japan ; R.P. Dore, Education in Tokagawa Japan ; Ivan Morris, World of the Shining Prince ; J.K. Fairbanks, E. Reischauer and A. Craig, East Asia: Tradition and Transformation ; S.M. Morrison, Old Bruin: Commander Perry ; Arthur Walworth, Black Ships Off Japan ; Conrad Totman, Collapse of Tokagawa Bakufu ; Albert Craig, Choshu in Meiji Restoration ; Pat Barr, Coming of the Barbarians ; M.B. Jansen, Sakamoto Ryoma and Meiji Restoration; Mikiso Hane, Modern Japan: Peasants, Rebels, Outcasts ; Thomas Smith, Agrarian Origins of Modern Japan ; Grant Goodman, Japan: The Dutch Experience ; Jean Pierre Lehman, Roots of Modern Japan ; Marius Jansen and Gilbert Rozman, Japan in Transition ; William Kelly, Deference and Defiance in 19th Century Japan ; Masaaki Kosaka, Japanese Thought in Meiji 8

Era ; Thomas Huber, Revolutionary Origins of Modern Japan ; Roger Bowen, Rebellion and Democracy in Meiji Japan ; E.H. Norman, Japan's Emergence as Modern State ; Joseph Dittau, Political Thought in Early Meiji Japan ; Johannes Hirschmeir, Origins of Entrepreneurship in Meiji Japan ; Carmen Blacker, Japanese Enlightenment ; G.M. Beckmann, Making of Meiji Constitution ; George Akita, Foundations of Constitutional Government in Modern Japan ; Irwin Scheiner, Christian Converts and Social Protest in Meiji Japan ; Carol Gluck, Japan's Modern Myths: Late Meiji Ideology ; Cyril Black, Modernization of Japan and Russia ; H.J. Jones, Live Machines: Hired Foreigners ; Albert Craig, ed., Personality in Japanese History ; R.H. Mason, Japan's First General Election ; Richard Minear, Japanese Tradition and Western Law ; Peter Duus, Party Rivalry and Political Change ; Seiiicha Tokata, ed., Modernization of Japan ; Bernard Silverman, ed., Japan in Crisis ; Ian Nish, Anglo-Japanese Alliance ; and Japanese Foreign Policy ; William Beasley, Japanese Imperialism, 1894-95 ; C. and H. Kim, Korea and Politics of Imperialism ; H. Conroy, Japanese Seizure of Korea ; Marius Jansen, Japan and China ; Sharon Nolte, Liberalism in Modern Japan ; Tessa Morris Suzuki, Showa: Hirohito's Japan ; Ben Ami Shallony, Revolt in Japan, 1936 ; Tatsuo Najita, Conflict in Modern Japanese History ; David Titus, Palace and Politics in Prewar Japan ; R. Scalapino, Democracy and Party in Prewar Japan ; G.O. Totten, Social Democratic Movement in Prewar Japan ; Tadashi Fukatake, Japanese Social Structure ; Germaine Hoston, Marxism and Crisis of Development in Prewar Japan ; Richard Mitchell, Thought Control in Prewar Japan; William Fletcher, Search for New Order: Intellectuals and Fascism in Prewar Japan ; Hyoe Murakami, Japan's Years of Trial ; J.M. Maki, Japanese Militarism ; S.N. Ogata, Defiance in Manchuria ; S.R. Smith, Manchurian Crisis ; J.E. Crowley, Japan's Quest for Autonomy ; Akira Iriye, After Imperialism ; Mark Peattie, Ishiwara Kanji and Japan's Confrontation with the West ; Takehiko Yoshihashi, Conspiracy at Mukden ; Herbert Feis, Road to Pearl Harbor ; and Contest Over Japan ; R.J. Butow, Tojo and Coming of the War ; Nobutake Ike, ed., Japan's Decision for War ; D. Borg, United States and Far Eastern Crisis ; Michael Barnhart, Japan Prepares for Total War ; E.P. Hoyt, Closing the Circle; War in Pacific ; H.P. Willmott, Empires in the Balance: Japanese and Allied Pacific Strategies ; Christopher Thorne, Allies of a Kind: U.S., Britain and War Against Japan ; John Toland, The Rising Sun ; Ronald Lewin, America's Magic: Codes, Ciphers and Defeat of Japan ; Ronald Spector, Eagle Against the Sun ; Hiroyki Agawa, Reluctant Admiral: Yamamoto and Imperial Navy ; F.C. Jones, Japan's New Order in Asia ; Ben Ami Shallony, Politics and Culture in Wartime Japan ; Elmer Lear, Japanese Occupation of Philippines ; R.J. Butow, Japan's Decision to Surrender ; L. Brooks, Behind Japan's Surrender ; William Neumann, America Encounters Japan ; Merrion Harris, Sheathing the Sword ; Richard Minnear, Victor's Justice ; Grand Goodman, ed., American Occupation of Japan ; Kuzuo Kawai, Japan's American Interlude ; Herbert Passen, Encounter with Japan ; E.M. Martin, Allied Occupation of Japan ; Theodore Cohen, Remaking Japan: America's Occupation ; Robert Fearey, Occupation of Japan ; Roger Buckley, Occupational Diplomacy ; Alfred Oppler, Legal Reforms in Occupied Japan ; Toshio Nishi, Unconditional Democracy Education and Politics ; Michael Schaller, American Occupation of Japan and Origins of Cold War in Asia ; John Dower, Empire and Aftermath ; William Woodward, Allied Occupation and Japanese Religion ; Haruhiro Fukiri, Party in Power: Japanese Liberal Democrats ; Nobutaka Ike, Japanese Politics ; and Theory of Japanese Democracy ; Nathaniel Thayer, How the Conservatives Rule Japan ; Masaaki Takane, Political Elite in Japan ; Lewis Austen, Saints and Samurai ; Chitoshi Yanaga, Big Business in Japanese Politics ; Takeshida Isheda, Japanese Political Culture ; G. Beckman and O. Genji, Japanese Communist Party ; R. Scalapino, Japanese Communist Movement ; R. Sweatingen and P. Langer, Red Flag in Japan ; R. Scalapino and J. Masumi, Parties and Politics in Contemporary Japan ; D.F. Henderson, Constitution of Japan ; William Lockwood, 9

Economic Development of Japan ; G.C. Allen, Japan's Economic Recovery ; and Japan's Economic Expansion ; and The Japanese Economy ; Jerome Cohen, Japan's Postwar Economy ; Michael Yoshino, Japan's Multinational Enterprises ; Michio Morishima, Why Has Japan Succeeded ; Chalmers Johnson, Miti and Japanese Miracle ; Richard Samuels, Business of Japanese State ; David Friedman Misunderstood Miracle: Industrial Development and Political Change in Japan ; Ezra Vogel, Japan as Number One ; Henry Rosovsky and Hugh Patrick, ed., Asia's New Giant: How the Japanese Economy Works ; Nobusu Yamamoto, Modernization of Economy and Postwar Expansion ; Miyokei Shinohara, Industrial Growth in Japanese Economy ; Thomas Pepper, The Competition: Dealing with Japan ; Jon Woronoff, Japan Syndrome ; Rohuro Hidaki, Price of Affluence ; T.J. Pempel, Japan: Dilemmas of Success ; Lewis Austen, ed., Japan, Paradox of Progress ; Robert Smith, Kurusa: Price of Progress in Japanese Village ; and Japanese Society ; Chie Nakane, Japanese Society ; Thomas Havens, Farm and Nation in Modern Japan ; Tadashi Fukatake, Japanese Rural Society ; R.P. Dore, Land Reform in Japan ; Frank Upham, Law and Social Change in Postwar Japan ; Ezra Vogel, Japan's New Middle Class ; Rob Stevens, Classes in Contemporary Japan ; Iwao Ayusawa, History of Labor in Modern Japan ; Robert Cole, Japanese Blue Collar ; Ronald Dore, British Factory-Japanese Factory ; Thomas Rohlen, For Harmony and Strength: Japanese White Collar Organization ; R.P. Dore, City Life in Japan ; Takio Yazaki, Japanese City ; and Social Change and City in Japan ; Walter Ames, Police and Community in Japan ; Herbert Passin, Society and Education in Japan ; Ronald Stone, Education in Japan ; William Cummings, Education and Equality in Japan ; David and Evelyn Retsman, Conversations in Japan ; George De Vos, Socialization For Achievement: Cultural Psychology of Japanese ; Victor Koschmann, Authority and Individual in Japan; Marius Jansen, Japan and Its World ; Donald Shively, ed., Tradition and Modernization in Japanese Culture ; Kenichi Yoshida, Japan is a Circle ; Asahi Shimbun, The Pacific Rivals ; Frank Gibney, Japan: Fragile Superpower ; Richard Barnet, The Alliance: America, Europe, Japan ; Shigiyoshi Murakami, Japanese Religion in Modern Century ; D.C. Holton, National Faith: Modern Shinto ; Robert Smith, Ancestor Worship in Contemporary Japan ; Winston Davis, Magic and Exorcism in Modern Japan ; and Toward Modernity ; Horace MacFarlane, Rush Hour of the Gods ; Sharon Sievers, Flowers in Salt: Beginning of Feminist Consciousness in Japan ; Mary Beard, Force of Women in Japanese History ; Dorothy Mowry Robbins, Hidden Sun: Women of Modern Japan ; Takie Libra, Japanese Women ; Jane Condon, Half Step Behind ; Joyce Libra, et.al., Women in Changing Japan ; Shizue Kato, Facing Two Ways ; Robert Smith, Women of Suyemara .

8) CHINA, KOREA, KOREAN WAR

Immanuel Hsu, Rise of Modern China ; Albert Feuerwerker, Rebellion in Nineteenth Century China ; Jean Chesneaux, Peasant Rebellions ; and Popular Movements and Secret Societies ; Michael Gasster, China's Struggle to Modernize ; Victor Nee and James Peck, eds., China's Uninterrupted Revolution ; Roger Pelissier, Awakening of China ; Mary Wright, Last Stand of Chinese Civilization ; Albert Feuerwerker, China's Early Industrialization ; Chi Ming Hou, Foreign Investment and Economic Development in China ; Yen Ping Hao, The Comprador ; J.K. Fairbanks, ed., Missionary Enterprise ; Paul Cohen, China and Christianity ; Paul Varg, Missionaries, Chinese, Diplomats ; Wolfgang Franke, Reform and Abolition of Chinese Examination System ; Peter Ward, Opium War ; Jack Beeching, Opium Wars ; Frederick Wakeman, Strangers at the Gate ; J.K. Fairbank, Trade and Diplomacy on China Coast; James Harrison, Communists and Chinese Peasant Rebellions ; Daniel Overmyer, Folk 10

Buddhist Religion: Dissenting Sects ; Jen Yuwen, Taiping Revolutionary Movement ; Franz Michael, Taiping Rebellion ; Vincent Shin, Taiping Ideology ; Harold Shiffrin, Sun Yat Sen ; C. Martin Wilbur, Sun Yat Sen ; Mary Wright, ed., China in Revolution, 1900-13 ; Mary Rankin, Early Chinese Revolutionaries ; Edward Rhoads, Chinese Republican Revolution: Kwangtung, 1895-1913 ; Joseph Esherick, Reform and Revolution, 1911 ; Michael Gasster, Chinese Intellectuals and Revolution of 1911 ; Martin Bernal, Chinese Socialism to 1907 ; Ralph Powell, Rise of Chinese Military Power ; Jerome Chen, Yuan Shi Kai ; Ernest Young, Presidency of Yuan Shi Kai ; Edward Friedman, Backward Through Revolution, 1914-16 ; Chow Tse Tung, May Fourth Movement ; Joseph Levenson, Confucian China and Its Modern Fate ; Donald Jordan, The Northern Expedition: National Revolution, 1926-28 ; Hung Mao Tien, Government and Politics in China ; Lloyd Eastman, Abortive Revolution: Nationalist Rule ; Arthur Young, China's National Building Effort: Financial and Economic Record, 1927-37 ; Paul Sih, ed., Strenuous Decade: Nation Building, 1927-37 ; Chuen Tuan Sheng, Government and Politics of China, 1912-49 ; John Israel, Student Nationalism ; and (with Donald Klein) Rebels and Revolutionaries ; Jerome Grieder, Intellectuals and the State in Modern China ; Robert Bedeski, State Building in Modern China ; Parks Coble, Shangai Capitalists and Nationalist Government ; Dan Jacobs, Borodin ; Maurice Meisner, Mao's China and After ; James Harrison, to Power ; Jacques Guillermaz, in Power ; and Chinese Communist Party, 1921-49 ; James Townsend, Politics in China ; Peter Tang and Joan Maloney, Communist China: The Domestic Scene ; Jean Chesneaux, Chinese Labor Movement ; Arif Dirlik, Revolution and History: Marxist Historiography ; Roy Hofheinz, Broken Wave: Communist Peasant Movement, 1922-28 ; Derek Waller, Kiangsi Soviet Republic ; Maurice Meisner, Li Ta Chao and Chinese Marxism ; Trygve Lotveit, Chinese Communism, 1931-34 ; Ilpyong Kim, Politics of Chinese Communism: Kiangsi under Soviets ; John Rue, Mao in Opposition ; , Red Star Over China ; and The Other Side of the River ; and The Long Revolution ; Shanti Swarup, Chinese Communism, 1927-34 ; Stuart Schram, Mao ; and Mao's Thought ; Raymond Wyle, Emergence of Maoism ; Suzanne Pepper, Civil War in China ; Jerome Chen, Mao and the Chinese Revolution ; Mark Seldon, The Yenan Way , Richard Madsen, Morality and Power in Chinese Village ; Benjamin Schwartz, Chinese Communism and The Rise of Mao ; Robert Marks, Rural Revolution in South China ; Chalmers Johnson, Peasant Nationalism and Communist Power ; Angus MacDonald, Urban Origins of Rural Revolution ; John Lewis, Leadership in Communist China ; Paul Wong, China's Higher Leadership ; Charles Cell, Revolution at Work: Mobilization Campaigns ; Ezra Vogel, Canton Under Communism ; C.K. Yang, Chinese Family in Communist Revolution; Amy Wilson, et. al., Deviance and Social Control in Chinese Society ; Lucian Pye, Spirit of Chinese Politics ; Mu Fu Sheng, Wilting of A Hundred Flowers ; M. Goldman, Literary Dissent in Communist China ; Roderick MacFarquhar, Hundred Flowers Campaign ; Robert Lifton, Revolutionary Immortality ; Roderick MacFarquhar, Origins of Cultural Revolution ; Stanley Karnow, Mao from Revolution to Revolution ; David and Nancy Milton, Wind Will Not Subside ; Edgar Rice, Mao's Way ; Richard Baum, Prelude to Revolution (Cultural Revolution), Hong Yung Lee, Politics of Chinese Cultural Revolution ; Stanley Rosen, Red Guard Factionalism ; Lowell Dittmar, Lui Shao Chi and Chinese Cultural Revolution ; Simon Leys, Chairman's New Clothes ; Alexander Eckstein, China's Economic Revolution ; T.J. Hughes and D.E. Luard, Economic Development of Communist China ; Nicholas Lardy, Agriculture in China's Modern Economic Development ; Lynda Shaffer, Mao and the Workers ; James Watson, ed., Class and Social Stratification in Post-Revolution China ; Richard Kraus, Class Conflict in Chinese Socialism ; E.L. Wheelwright and Bruce MacFarlane, Chinese Road to Socialism: Economics of Cultural Revolution ; Yu Guanguan, ed., China's Socialist Modernization ; Peter Moody, Chinese Politics after Mao ; 11

Rhoads Murphy, Fading of Maoist Vision ; Immanuel Hsu, China Without Mao ; Delia Davin, Woman Work: Women and Party in Revolutionary China; Margaret Wolf, Women and Family in Rural China ; Elisabeth Croll, Women's Movement in China ; Claudia Broyelle, Women's Liberation in China ; Marilyn Young, ed., Women in China ; Ruth Sidel, Women and Child Care in China ; Margaret Wolf and Roxanne Wiltke, ed., Women in Chinese Society ; Phyllis Anders, Unfinished Revolution of Women in China ; Deng Wang, China Rising ; John Wang, China into the Hu-Wen Era ; Michael Robinson, Korea =s Twentieth Century Odyssey; Peter Lowe, Origins of the Korean War ; Peter Lowe, KoreanWar ; Allan Millet, Korean War ; Burton Kauffman, Korean Conflict ; Patrick Roe, The Dragon Strikes ; Dean Acheson, The Korean War ; Stanley Weintraub, MacArthur =s War ; Kim Chull Baum, ed., Korea and the Cold War ; Shu Chiang Zang, Mao =s Military Romanticism ; William Stuek, Rethinking the Korean War.

9) VIETNAM, REVOLUTION AND WAR

Thomas Ennis, French Policy and Developments in Indochina ; Nicole Cooper, France in Indochina ; John McAlister, Vietnam: Origins of Revolution 1885-1946 ; Ngo Vinh Long, Before Revolution; Vietnamese Peasants under the French ; John McAlister, Vietnamese and their Revolution ; Ho-tam Ho Tai, Radicalism and Origins of Vietnam Revolution ; Douglas Pike, History of Vietnamese Communism; David Marr, Vietnam in 1945; William Duiker, Sacred War ; Alexander Woodside, Community and Revolution in Modern Vietnam ; Arlen Eisen, Women and Revolution in Vietnam ; Ken Post, Revolution, Socialism and Nationalism in Vietnam ; Carlyle Thayer, War by Other Means: Rev. in Vietnam, 1954-60 ; Wm. Duiker, Ho Chi Minh ; Bernard Fall, ed., Ho Chi Minh on Revolution ; Dixie Bartholomew Feis, OSS and Ho Chi Minh ; William Turley, Second Indochina War ; Gary Hess, Vietnam; Explaining America =s Lost War ; Leslie Fielding, Before the Killing Fields ; David Milne, America =s Rasputin, Walt Rostow and Vietnam War ; Stuart Kinross, Clausewitz and America: Strategic Thought from Vietnam... ; Kyle Longley, Grunts; American Combat Soldier in Vietnam ; Justin Corfield, History of Vietnam ; James Carter, Inventing Vietnam ; Thomas Mahnken, Technology and the American Way of War ; Van Nguyen Duong, Tragedy of the Vietnam War ; Mark Atwood, Vietnam War ; Micheal Hall, Vietnam War ; F. Hilary Conroy, West Across the Pacific ; T.O. Smith, Britain and the Origins of the Vietnam War ; Gary Stone, Elites for Peace: Senate and Vietnam War ; Mark Atwood, ed. First Vietnam War ; Piere Brocheaux, Ho Chi Minh ; Edward Martini, Invisible Enemies, America =s War on Vietnam ; Willard Webb, Joint Chiefs of Staff and Vietnam ; Katherine Statler, Replacing France; Origins of American Intervention in Vietnam ; James Wellbank, Tet Offensive ; James Westheiden, Vietnam War ; David Elliot, Vietnamese War ; Robert Brigham, ARVN: S. Vietnamese Army ; Brantley Womack, China and Vietnam ; Seth Jacobs, Cold War Mandarin (Diem); Phillip Catten, Diem =s Final Failure ; Hoang Ngoc Thanh, President Ngo Dinh Diem and the United States ; Stanley Karnow, Vietnam, A History ; Robert Tomes, Apocalypse Then, American Intellectuals and Vietnam War; David Anderson, ed., Shadow on the White House; Presidents and the Vietnamese War ; George Tanham, Communist Revolutionary Warfare ; Mari Olsen, Soviet-Vietnamese Relations and China, 1948-64.