® Survey Summary ®
AUTM Canadian Licensing Survey: FY2005 Survey Summary www.autm.net
©2007 The Association of University Technology Managers®. All Rights Reserved. No part of this report may be reproduced in any form or by any electronic or mechanical means, including information storage and retrieval systems, without written permission from AUTM. Association of University ® ® Technology Managers , AUTM and ® are registered trademarks of the Association of University Technology Managers. AUTM Licensing Survey™ is a trademark of AUTM.
3 AUTM Canadian Licensing Survey: FY2005
Letter from Dear AUTM Members and Colleagues, AUTM VP I am very pleased to present the AUTM Canadian Licensing Survey Summary: FY 2005 Canada and and would like to acknowledge and thank the three Canadians who have worked so hard President on the AUTM Metrics and Survey Committee throughout 2005/06. They are: • Sean Flanigan, University of Ottawa; Chair and co-editor–FY05 Canadian Licensing Survey • Tanya G. Glavicic-Théberge, McGill University • Marcel Mongeon, Mongeon Consulting, Inc. This is the second year AUTM has published an individual summary report for Canada. The Canadian technology transfer profession has truly come of age over the past five years, as is evident in this survey. The Survey responses show many areas of success such as: • Growth in research funding, and resulting disclosures of new technologies • Increases in: • products arriving on the market • active and executed licenses • technology transfer licensing office staffing • number of patent applications filed Inclusion of data reported in the AUTM U.S. Licensing Survey Summary: FY 2005, shows that in many areas, technology transfer is making an impact. Specifically, in Canada, we see an increase in research funding from our provincial and federal governments, leading to a subsequent increase in the number of technology disclosures received by the Technology Transfer Offices (TTO). There was an increase in the number of full time licensing professionals employed and an increase in patent applications and licensing. However, it appears that in Canada, the financial climate for startups still has not recovered from the 2000–2001 near simultaneous collapse of the Internet, telecommunications and biotechnology sectors.
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Despite our extraordinary accomplishments, academic technology transfer is an arduous, sometimes grueling, business and it takes time before we see the fruits of our labour. A few institutions may achieve blockbuster deals, but these take 10 to 20 years to bear fruit. Most institutions eventually see a modest return from their activities after 10 to 15 years. So why do we engage in technology transfer? We hope that the vignettes contained in this report, along with the Better World Reports to be found at www.betterworldproject.net will help readers realise why we do what we do, and how what we do helps further the mission of academic research and its commercialization. We are delighted to include for the first time several vignettes from Canadian colleges and technical institutes this year. As the colleges become more involved with technology commercialization activity they are setting up TTOs, and in many cases, forming regional networks with other academic institutions. This year several colleges participated in the Canadian Licensing Survey. I would like to re-emphasize Stuart Howe’s message from last year: technology transfer is the transfer of knowledge, ideas, know–how, innovation and patents which are intangible assets, to enable the science and knowledge from our institutions to have a practical application and benefit to society. As Stuart outlined, “getting research results to the public is, quite simply, the reason technology transfer professionals are passionate about their work.”
One of the things I value most about AUTM and the colleagues I meet through our www.autm.net Association is how many of us are truly passionate about what we do: how much time we give to support AUTM, which improves the caliber of TT professionals, both in North America and around the world. The decision to increase the number of vignettes this year to show commercialization activity from every province across Canada, from universities, hospitals and colleges, was a key goal for us. We want everyone from researchers, provosts, journalists, governments and the “Canadian on the street” to understand what we do, and why, and to get as excited as we are about the long-term benefits to our country. The AUTM Licensing Survey is another way for us to tell our story.
5 AUTM Canadian Licensing Survey: FY2005
The Annual Survey is also an incredibly valuable tool, not only for benchmarking between academic technology transfer offices, but also for analysis by academics and individuals who shape Canadian public policy. As the technology commercialization environment evolves, new metrics will need to be developed. AUTM is committed to providing leadership in the development of new metrics and ensuring that the metrics are captured and reported accurately. We are delighted that we will be working closely with the Alliance for Commercialization of Canadian Technologies (ACCT) on building upon the metrics we are collecting and looking for others that may help to demonstrate the technology transfer activities in Canada. May I take this opportunity for special thanks to: • Sean Flanigan, who has co-edited this report. Together we encourage all Canadian universities, hospitals and colleges to participate in the FY2006 Survey. We are keen to see the survey grow from strength to strength. Remember as Sean says “Good Numbers Count.” • Ray Hoemsen, Red River College Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, for all the work by him, and his team, in pulling the vignettes from the universities, hospitals and especially his success in compiling all the stories from the colleges, new this year.
Caroline Bruce, University of British Columbia 2006–2008 AUTM Vice President for Canada
John Frasier 2006–2007 AUTM President
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Acknowledgments I am pleased to see the second Canadian AUTM Annual Licensing Survey report, especially with two Canadian editors. While AUTM is an international organization, and licensing surveys are conducted across the globe, the U.S. and Canadian surveys are conducted simultaneously each year. This year’s Canadian report discusses the unique environment of Canada. North America provides for some commonality between U.S. and Canadian technology transfer, but the funding and ownership elements are often different across the borders. Geography does not impact how AUTM members see their efforts rewarded through the creation of more startup companies, more academic research-based products released to the public and more active relationships with companies (through licenses to develop and/or release products). AUTM members enable this activity by managing an institution’s intellectual property, providing advice or managing research or clinical agreements with companies, making research tools widely available to other researchers and participating or leading discussions that foster greater academic — industry interaction, among other activities. This Summary Report, for Canada prepared by the 2005 AUTM Metrics & Surveys Committee, and the Social Impacts Committee, represents an initial step by this committee in providing non-practitioners greater insight into the academic technology transfer process and data meaningful to that effort. The U.S. will release their own Summary Report from the Annual Licensing Survey.
Dana Bostrom, Sean Flanigan and Caroline Bruce as editors of the Canadian Report, www.autm.net thank the following individuals for their participation throughout the year, which makes this Summary Report possible:
7 AUTM Canadian Licensing Survey: FY2005
Metrics & Survey Committee Alice Li, Cornell University Bill Tucker, University of California Christine Burke, University of California Deanna Vandiver, The Lousiana State University Health Sciences Center–New Orleans Jodi Hecht, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Justine Gordon, Research Foundation of the State University of New York Ken Sherman, University of Nevada, Las Vegas Marcel Mongeon, Mongeon Consulting, Inc. Patricia Cotton, University of California Patrick Reed, Georgia Tech Research Corporation Robin Rasor, University of Michigan Sean Flanigan, University of Ottawa Tanya Glavicic-Theberge, McGill University
We also thank the social impacts vignettes sub-committee, and all the authors of these vignettes at the host institutions. We thank you for helping to show the impacts of our activities.
Social Impact Vignette Sub–Committee Deanna Vandiver, Chair, The Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-New Orleans Allyson Best, University of Mississippi Nikki Borman, PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP Jeff Cope, RTI International Carol Dykes, University of Central Florida Ray Hoemsen, Red River College Doug Jamison, Harris and Harris Group, Inc. Laura Savatski, BloodCenter of Wisconsin
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And, as always, the survey would not be possible without the dedication and effort of Rick and Nola Colman, who are the masters of the technology behind the survey, follow-up and data verification and data production.
Sincerely,
Dana Bostrom AUTM Vice President, Metrics & Surveys University of California, Berkeley
Editors
Caroline Bruce, Ph.D. University of British Columbia AUTM Vice President, Canada www.autm.net
Sean Flanigan University of Ottawa
9 AUTM Canadian Licensing Survey: FY2005
Introduction Welcome to the AUTM Canadian Licensing Survey. For the past three decades, AUTM has and Overview worked tirelessly to achieve its mission to promote, support and enhance the global academic technology transfer profession through internal and external education, training and communication. Membership has increased from 50 to more than 3,500 members, with approximately 10% Canadian membership. Now, with the evolution of our own unique report, we can examine in more detail the impact that technology transfer has had on university innovation, economic growth and the ‘public good’ in Canada. This report brings to you data concerning the fiscal year 2005 (FY2005) as well as a retrospective view of some of the historical data that has been submitted by Canadian institutions over the last ten years. Building upon the first unique AUTM report for Canada, which was produced for FY2004, this year’s report will continue to evolve a “Made in Canada” flavour. The committee has tailored the report to address some of the diverse needs of the Canadian constituency, which include survey participants; university, hospital and college administrators; federal and provincial government partners and Canadian industry.
Technology Transfer in Canada — a Historical Perspective Since its inception, the Association of University Technology Managers has been a leader in the education of academic technology transfer professionals and the development of the technology transfer profession. Launched in 1974 as the Society of University Patent Administrators, the association was the first to focus specifically on university patent issues in the complex environment of the 1970s, before legislation offered guidelines for federally funded academic research, university patents and developing ways for discoveries to actually reach the public. The association's early goals were clear: to urge the adoption of consistent government policies regarding funding and licensing of academic innovation so that new technologies could be licensed and products could be developed. Six years later, the U.S. Congress passed the Bayh-Dole Act which fostered access to university research by providing a new and uniform way to handle and transfer federally sponsored research results at academic
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institutions. It was in the early 1980s that the first Technology Transfer Offices began to evolve in Canada and more and more Canadians became AUTM members. In 1992 Jim Murray, Director of the University Industry Liaison Office (UILO) at The University of British Columbia, became the first AUTM vice president to represent the Canadian Region on the AUTM Board. Canadian data has been part of the AUTM survey since 1991 thanks to Jim’s pioneering efforts within AUTM. With the evolution of this separate Canadian report we have begun to deliver a more focused examination of the impact of technology transfer activities in the Canadian context. In order to do so, the committee has opted to limit this historical view to ten years and, where appropriate, to five years. This decision is rooted in the fact that the landscape for technology transfer, nationally, has changed over the past ten years and it is only in the last five years that one can hypothesise on the shape of things to come in the next five years. The AUTM Canadian survey sub-committee members work closely with the AUTM Metrics and Survey Committee as a whole to evaluate all aspects of the survey, from definitions to questions, to create a survey that is more relevant for all participants, Canadians included. The issue of finding the appropriate metrics for technology transfer is not a Canadian issue or an American issue. It is a constant theme in every technology transfer community that is trying to measure the commercialization outcomes from academia, and the effort will continue.
A key factor in the continued success and growth of our profession in Canada will be www.autm.net the on-going support of the federal, provincial and municipal governments. Their efforts, through support programs, allow institutions to develop and acquire capacity in commercialization. Beginning in the early days with the Intellectual Property Management program pioneered by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC), as well as specific regional programs such as the Economic Regional Development Agreements co-funded by the province and Industry Canada, and direct National Research Council (NRC) funding of technology transfer officers. Today, these types of novel funding initiatives continue as the Intellectual Property Mobilization Programs run by NSERC, Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) and Social
11 AUTM Canadian Licensing Survey: FY2005
Sciences and Humanities Research Council (SSHRC). The recent history of technology transfer has seen governments recognizing the importance of funding the capacity to deal with commercialization matters. Many of the provincial governments have introduced funding activities to encourage and enhance the local commercialization activities in their provinces. Along with these key funding initiatives are other federal funding programs to support academic research such as the Canada Foundation for Innovation, the Canada Research Chairs Program, the Academic Science Research Networks of Centres of Excellence and Genome Canada. A continuing challenge for academic institutions Plays is attracting and retaining qualified personnel. On one well with hand, Canada is fortunate to have some very others experienced people working in the system: Statistics Business, Canada data (see: Survey of Intellectual Property Commercialization Intellectual (early stage) & Property Commercialization in the Higher Education Sector, 2004) in Contract Law this regard points to the fact that more than 50% of the personnel working have five years or more experience. Yet on The the other hand, retirements and other changes of employment Technology Transfer Professional status have recently caused upheavals in some offices. Anecdotal Knowledge and information continues to point to a challenge in attracting personnel well-suited to the Understanding Requirements peculiarities of the commercialization profession. The skills required by an experienced technology transfer professional are very diverse, and are summarized in the diagram on this page. However, programs such as CIHR’s, which targeted those with a business background, have been very useful in addressing this type of challenge. Various funding activities continue to address the retention challenge through internship and training opportunities. All regional networks have active training programs and the national network, the Alliance for Commercialization of Canadian Technology (ACCT), has taken on the former AUTM Basic Course and last year has added an intermediate level course in commercialization as well.
12 Survey Summary ®
AUTM offers courses and workshops in Advanced Topics in Startup Business Development; Office Tools; Marketing and Valuations. Other courses for Canadians, on startup company formation and advanced training, are in the planning and discussion stages with possible partnering between ACCT and AUTM moving forward. The technology transfer community has organized itself to take full advantage of these programs and to maximize their value through sharing what might be otherwise scarce resources. Strong networks now exist in all regions of the country with every academic institution able to connect with one or more sources of expertise, training and support. The FY2005 survey results demonstrate that Canada is on the right path towards building a strong technology transfer sector within the broad spectrum that is its university, hospital and college environment. Positive trends can be tracked over the last five years with increased support for research commercialization by our federal and provincial governments. The data collected by AUTM through its membership at Canadian institutions suggests there is a solid foundation for the next five years of this ten-year initiative. www.autm.net
13 AUTM Canadian Licensing Survey: FY2005
A New Look: A New Perspective Those who have read the AUTM survey report in past years will notice changes in both the format and the content of this year’s report. While the questions that are posed to all participants remain the same for both Canadian and U.S. respondents, the presentation and analysis of these results has been modified to reflect a distinctly Canadian perspective on technology transfer. While there are a host of similarities between our colleagues and partners in the U.S., the fact remains that the context within which we conduct ourselves in Canada is different. We do not, for example, have a legislative imperative underpinning our efforts nor do we have a uniform regime for the determination of IP ownership such as the Bayh-Dole Act in the U.S. We have a different population base, a different financial environment and different methods for assisting our technologies in their path to commercialization (we even have a different way of spelling what it is we do every day). So does this mean there is no longer going to be any reference to U.S. data? Absolutely not. The links between, and examples set, by our U.S. colleagues need to be examined and studied and to that end we shall continue to deliver that data to our readers. We encourage our readers to purchase the U.S. survey for their complete examination of the U.S. results for FY2005. An important reason to study the U.S. report is that technology transfer activities in the U.S. on average started earlier than in Canada, in many cases long before 1980. As we know, time is one of the critical factors in demonstrating successful outcomes whether to generate positive cash flow, or show a substantial economic impact. Over the last year, AUTM has focused on the new and very important initiative of highlighting the impact of discovery and innovation through the “Better World Project.” The AUTM Canadian Licensing Survey, which has in the past presented largely statistics and analysis, will now include vignettes about technologies that have benefited our society and how these innovations are impacting Canadians every day. What we hope our readers will take away from this report is a greater understanding of the context and timelines within which the quantitative data is provided. In making this change our
14 Survey Summary ®
readers will not only appreciate the contributions that each institution is making to the technology transfer industry, but also the impact that specific technologies are having in creating a better world. AUTM is actively working to better define the metrics we use, in partnership with ACCT and the University Companies Association (UNICO) in the United Kingdom. The more we carefully define our metrics, the more meaningful the data becomes. We are examining the nature of the data we collect, as well as the schedule of the surveys, reports and data availability. The FY2005 survey includes new elements as well as some test components that were developed in active consultations with committee members. With such efforts, it is the hope of the Committee that the number of survey respondents will grow and these results will find more uses among our members and stakeholders. Canadians are well represented on the committee that oversees and administers this survey and the contributions made by survey members have, historically, been for the overall benefit of all survey participants. The AUTM Metrics and Survey Committee is working to determine what modifications may be made within the survey to better serve the unique needs of Canadians. It is hoped that by select modifications and/or additions to the survey questions we can increase the number of Canadian institutions who find participation in this survey to be an integral aspect of their own internal performance measurement.
At the close of FY2005, the emphasis on commercialization at Canadian universities www.autm.net and hospitals was at its highest level. New programs have been introduced both federally and provincially that have created increased opportunities for many institutions to evolve their commercialization activities. The establishment and maintenance of these initiatives are crucial to the ongoing viability of the technology transfer industry in Canada. These programs include federally funded initiatives such as CIHR Proof of Principle (POP), NSERC Idea to Innovation (i2i), the IPM program supported by all three granting councils, as well as other provincial and regional initiatives. While there are other surveys that seek to measure the impact of commercialization in the Canadian economy, such as the Statistics Canada Survey of Intellectual Property
15 AUTM Canadian Licensing Survey: FY2005
Commercialization in Higher Education, the AUTM survey remains the only option for those seeking information at an institutional or regional level; the only survey with such longevity, and data that is most easily compared to other jurisdictions. While the AUTM survey does permit institutions to submit data anonymously, the majority don’t, the corresponding disaggregating of the data allows individual readers of these reports to learn more about the efforts of commercialization at discrete institutions. The survey results for FY2005 demonstrates that success in technology transfer has occurred at an increasing rate over the past ten years. It has ramped up significantly in the last five years between the time research funding is awarded and spent, then lags between invention disclosures coming forward to tech transfer offices and the filing of patent applications and issuance of patents on these discoveries. There are lags between the time a license is signed and royalties are received. There are now more resources being placed in the hands of universities, hospitals and colleges to do research and to encourage the commercialization of that research. The most tangible results are seen in the discoveries that have been made at Canadian institutions that are now in use in the daily lives of Canadians. This report will bring to the reader’s attention just a few of the good stories that underlie these numbers. As the constituency for these reports continues to grow we cannot expect that a newly diverse group of stakeholders will be content to “crunch the numbers” to gauge progress or impact. We have to make it clear to Canadians that the effort to make Canada more innovative through expanded research intensity is also improving their quality of life and those of others.
16 Survey Summary ®
Goals of Technology Transfer The missions of the Canadian technology transfer offices are as varied and unique as the people who work within their walls. Offices range in size from one person to dozens. Some offices are challenged by remote locations, or a limited number of receptor capacity close to their operations, while others are located mere steps from economic centres and corporate headquarters. Some offices are integrated within a university while others are external to the institutions they serve but all are integrated into the economic development organizations within their communities. The university communities that these offices support have different experiences with technology transfer but rally around a common objective: to move discoveries in our labs out into the economy where they can be of benefit to as many individuals as possible. To accomplish this objective many tech transfer offices have begun to develop robust linkages with other, like-minded operations. Many of these clusters have been supported through the IPM program established by NSERC/CIHR and SSHRC to provide new resources for offices working collectively. FY2005 saw the conclusion of this IPM program and the launch of a follow-on initiative from the federal granting agencies that will drive results in future survey years. We are halfway through the Framework Agreement between Industry Canada and the Association of Universities and Colleges of Canada (AUCC), which committed academic institutions to aim for a tripling of commercialization activities within ten years. It is therefore timely to comment on what has taken place over the past ten years, with www.autm.net emphasis on the last five, and assess what is likely to happen in the next five.
17 AUTM Canadian Licensing Survey: FY2005
Map of Canadian Innovation Commercialization vignettes from across the country show successful technology transfer from coast-to-coast
Yukon Territory Newfoundland & Labrador
Northwest North Atlantic Territories Biopharma Inc. Nunavut Prince Edward Island British Columbia Animal Model for Temporal Autostitch™ Lobe Epilepsy Alberta
Cevena Manitoba Bioproducts Inc. The Pink Beauty Saskatchewan Quebec Eye on the Hog Ontario MAPLE E. coli Water Monitoring
Nova Scotia Catalyst Customization New Brunswick SynergiC3
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Table of FY2005 Data Review ...... 20 Resources for Technology Transfer ...... 20 Contents Research Expenditures ...... 22 Invention Disclosure & Intellectual Property Activity ...... 22 Patent Applications ...... 25 Data Review in Context to Time ...... 27 Licensing Activity ...... 30 Startup Companies ...... 35 New Products and Technologies from Canadian Institutions ...... 37 Data Appendix ...... 57
Autostitch™ SynergiC3 University of British Columbia L’Université de Moncton Page 40 Page 47
Cevena Bioproducts, Inc. Animal Model for University of Alberta Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Page 41 University of Prince Edward Island Page 48 Eye on the Hog www.autm.net University of Saskatoon North Atlantic Biopharma, Inc. Page 42 Memorial University Page 49 The Pink Beauty University of Manitoba Catalyst Customization Page 43 Dalhousie University Page 50 E-coli Water Monitoring Queen’s University Page 44
MAPLE McGill University Page 46
19 AUTM Canadian Licensing Survey: FY2005
FY2005 The FY2005 survey represents the unique responses to the AUTM questionnaire by 36 Data Review Canadian universities, hospitals and colleges. You will note that in our Data Appendix there are 33 respondents. Respondents are permitted to allow their data, while included in the aggregate, to be excluded from the identifiable sections of the report. For FY2005 three respondents selected this option. You will also see a substantial change in the Data Appendix this year; we changed the layout and the type of data being reported: • The Data Appendix is sorted by the date the technology transfer program/offices were formed at the institutions, not the amount of research funding. • We have included the data for 2005, placing the columns such that it flows chronologically from invention disclosure, patents and to licensing revenue. • We have included some 3-year cumulative data too. Since the FY2005 U.S. Licensing Summary Report (see Data Appendix on page 59) is focused more on the 3-year cumulative data, we wanted to ensure there was comparable data from Canadian institutions in the same categories.
Resources for Technology Transfer The responding Canadian institutions had offices that ranged in age from zero (formed in 2005) to twenty-five years. The average age of the technology transfer offices responding in 2005 was 13.5 years while the median age of these offices is 15 years. FY2005 showed a continued trend upward in the number of full time equivalents (FTEs) dedicated to licensing technologies while staff not engaged in licensing declined for the third consecutive year. Initiatives to create internship programs and positions within technology transfer offices that had begun under previous federal and provincial funding have begun to yield a significant number of professionals who are not only able to perform the role of technology transfer officers but are specifically trained to perform this task. FY2005 also marked the beginning of new initiatives to share best practices and resources to the extent permitted by institutional alliances, geography or institutional size. These programs, such as the Intellectual Property Mobilization Program will foster a greater degree of collaboration in the coming years that will allow technology transfer offices to have the benefit of resources that are not necessarily located on their own campus. 20 Survey Summary ®
Figure C-1. Historical Staffing Levels of Canadian Offices of Technology Transfer, 1992–20051
Licensing FTEs Other FTEs
180
160
140
120
100
80 No. of Staff
60
40
20 N/A1 0 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Program Year
1The FTE Question asked in the FY1996 Survey was not consistent with the question asked in subsequent years. For FY1992 – 95, two questions were asked, one of which was consistent with the 1997 and subsequent questions. www.autm.net
Autostitch™ British Columbia Autostitch™ is the world’s first fully-automatic 2-D image-stitcher, selecting multiple pictures from an ordinary digital camera and stitching them together to form a composite image that can be viewed as a panorama of up to 360°. A breakthrough technology for photography, virtual reality and visualization applications, Autostitch™ is a specific implementation of the SIFT (Scale-Invariant Feature Transform) algorithm developed by UBC’s Dr. David Lowe. For more information on Autostitch™ see page 40.
21 AUTM Canadian Licensing Survey: FY2005
Research Expenditures2 Research Expenditure (research funding) is the most critical aspect of technology commercialization in Canada. While the increase in year over year research expenditures between FY2004 and FY2005 was not as pronounced as it has been in earlier reporting periods, there has nonetheless been an increase2. FY2000 total research expenditures increased by twenty four percent (24%) over the previous year. Readers should be careful to factor into their own interpretation of these data that research dollars rarely, if ever, translate into invention disclosures in the year in which they are expended. By examining the later summary chart which reviews funding/disclosures/patent filings one can see clearly the evidence of the time lag between funding and invention.
Invention Disclosure & Intellectual Property Activity During FY2005 the Canadian respondents reported 1,423 inventions disclosed to their offices as compared to the 1,307 disclosures received in FY2004, an 8.9% increase. Once again, looking two years back in the total research expenditures, total research expenditures in FY2003 ($Cdn3.54B) increased by 9.9% over FY2002 ($Cdn3.22B). Efforts are continuing within the Canadian and AUTM committees to refine the definitions which underlie these figures to ensure that there is continued confidence in the quality of the number of invention disclosures reported. This is particularly challenging in the Canadian context where there are no legislated guidelines for what may, must or should be counted as an invention disclosure; the definitions vary from institution to institution.
2In reporting on Total Research Expenditures please note that due to staffing turnover, the Université de Montreal was
unable to submit their response for the FY2005 survey, despite being a regular contributor in the past. AUTM looks
forward to Université de Montreal’s return in the FY06 survey. For information on the Université de Montreal’s research
funding and technology transfer activity in 2005, visit www.umontreal.ca/infogen/pub_officielles/rapports_annuels, for
their Annual Report 2005.
22 Survey Summary ®
Figure C-2. Total Research Expenditures
$4,500
$4,000
$3,500 During FY2005 the Canadian $3,000 respondents“ reported 1,423 $2,500 inventions disclosed to their
$2,000 offices as compared to the $ in Millions
$1,500 1,307 disclosures received in FY2004, an 8.9% increase. $1,000 ”
$500
$0
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Program Year www.autm.net
Cevena Bioproducts, Inc. Alberta Technology for a new process for fractionating cereal grains has been developed at the university of Alberta. The most important product derived from this new technique is beta-glucan, a naturally occurring dietary fiber that can be found in the cell walls of oat and barley. Beta-glucan has a number of human health benefits including the ability to reduce serum cholesterol and activate immune response through macrophage immune cells, which may prompt various therapeutic effects. It is anticipated that beta-glucan may soon help diabetics manage blood-sugar levels. For more information on Cevena Bioproducts, Inc. see page 41.
23 AUTM Canadian Licensing Survey: FY2005
Figure C-3. Invention Disclosures Received
1,600
1,400
1,200
1,000
800
Disclosures 600
400
200
0
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Program Year
Table C-1. Patent Applications Filed
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Number of Respondents 14 16 19 19 21 27 33 36 34 36
New Patent 137 190 203 206 240 415 422 425 572 685 Applications Filed
Table C-2. Total New Patent Activity for all Respondents In FY2005 and FY2004
2004 Totals 2005 Totals (n=31) (n=34)
Provisional Patent Applications 328 362
Utility Patent Applications 83 96
Non U.S. Filings 101 210
24 Survey Summary ®
Patent Applications The goal of technology transfer offices is not merely to file patents. Rather technology transfer offices file patent As a result of the increased“ number of applications where a patent will serve the overall good technologies disclosed commercialization objectives that are developed around a one can expect to see a particular technology. As a result of the increased number of corresponding increase in good technologies disclosed one can expect to see a the number of new patent corresponding increase in the number of new patent applications filed. applications filed. In FY2005 Canadian institutions, having ” recorded another record year for inventions disclosed, filed a record number of new patent applications. Respondents were asked to report separately the year’s new U.S. provisional applications, new U.S. utility applications and lastly new applications outside of the United States. The total of these categories for each of the past ten years are set forth in Table C-1. Responding institutions reported an increase of approximately 20% in the number of new applications filed during FY2005. Within this growth of overall applications filed there was a slight decline in the number of provisional applications as a portion of total new filings (52% in FY2005 compared to 57% in FY2004) and utility applications remained fairly constant at approximately 14%. Respondents reported a significant increase in the number of new patent applications filed outside of the United States. www.autm.net
Eye on the Hog Saskatchewan Eye on the Hog is a system that provides impartial hog-line judging for the sport of curling. It uses innovative technology to detect a magnetic strip frozen into the ice at the hog line and a bare hand touching the handle. The concept was originated at the University of Saskatchewan, by fourth-year engineering students and their professor, as a design project. It was licensed by Startco Engineering and presented to the Canadian Curling Association. Eye on the Hog is now standard equipment in all major curling competitions, such as the Scott Tournament of Hearts and the Brier and the World Curling Championships. For more information on Eye on the Hog see page 42. 25 AUTM Canadian Licensing Survey: FY2005
Figure C-4. Total New Patent Applications
800
700 In FY2005 Canadian “ institutions, having 600 recorded another record 500
year for inventions 400
disclosed, filed a record 300
number of new patent No. of Applications applications.” 200 100
0
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Program Year
26 Survey Summary ®
So, just how well is the Canadian technology transfer industry doing in FY2005? Simply put, Data the ten-year trend of research expenditures, disclosures and new patent applications filed Review in clearly shows progress to date (Figure C-5). Examining the growth in the number of Context disclosures since 2000 (Table C-3) and the subsequent patent applications, with the to Time obvious lag between disclosure and filing, the trend shows a doubling in the last five years. Given the growth in research funding that has occurred, this suggests that steady growth in patent applications should be seen the next five years. In the process of bringing technologies to the market, three elements that have an impact upon success rate are the research dollars, number of disclosures received, and the number of patent applications filed in support of these efforts. With growth in these
Table C-3. New Patents Filed, Research Expenditures and Invention Disclosures
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
New Patent 240 415 422 425 572 685 Applications Filed
Total Research Expenditures 2065.08 2784.62 3221.16 3561.47 4067.96 4234.03 (CAD$1M)
Invention Disclosures Received 957 933 1,175 1,282 1,307 1,433 www.autm.net
The Pink Beauty Manitoba After more than 20 years and 1,600 different plant varieties, Professor Louis Lenz and his students produced the Pink Beauty, a compact, drought tolerant, long- blooming plant with semi-double pink flowers that grows well in a range of soils and climates. The Pink Beauty was the University of Manitoba's first domestic plant licensed to commercial nurseries and has served as a model for other plant varieties that have since reached the market. For more information on The Pink Beauty see page 43.
27 AUTM Canadian Licensing Survey: FY2005
Figure C-5. Time Lag Between Research Funding, Invention Disclosures and Patenting
$4,500 3,000 4234.03
$4,000
Total Research Expenditures 2,500 (CAD$1M) $3,500
$3,000 1999-Research Expenditures 2,000 increase rapidly
$2,500 2001-Invention Disclosures increase rapidly 1,500 CAD$1M $2,000 1,433
$1,500 1667.63 2003-New Patent 1,000 1166.18 Applications
933 increase rapidly Disclosures Applications/Invention No. of Patent $1,000 Invention Disclosures 685 425 500 509 $500 137 New Patent Applications
$0 0
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Program Year
28 Survey Summary ®
areas we see more technologies are becoming available for commercialization. Over the past ten years, institutions and governments have increased funding directed towards technology transfer offices and people in the various institutions and regions. Figure C-5 illustrates the time lag between funding and invention. Top line research expenditures began to rise more rapidly in FY1999 – FY2000 but there was not an increase in the rate of invention disclosure until FY2001 – FY2002. In fact the previously discussed increase in research funding resulted in a corresponding increase in the number of inventions disclosed (26%) two years after that money entered the system. In FY2005 total research expenditures reached a new high of $4.23B, although it may seem to have begun to plateau3. While increases in invention disclosures and new U.S. patent filings continue at essentially similar rates, this number may be adversely impacted in the future if ever total research dollars flatten out or declined. In this regard one would expect to see the impact of FY2005 total research expenditures in the survey covering FY2007.
3 In reporting on Total Research Expenditures please note that due to staffing turnover, the Université de Montreal was unable to submit their response for the FY2005 survey, despite being a regular contributor in the past. AUTM looks forward to Université de Montreal’s return in the FY2006 survey. www.autm.net
E. coli Water Monitoring Ontario E. coli contamination in recent years has led to growing public concern over the safety of water used for municipal and recreational purposes as well as related products, such as bottled water and packaged ice. Breakthrough research in bacteria detection by a Queen’s University research team has resulted in a water monitoring system that replaces manual sampling and laboratory testing for E. coli and total coliforms with an easy-to-use, rapid, on-site assessment that generates test results automatically, without the need for human interpretation. For more information on E. Coli Water Monitoring see page 44.
29 AUTM Canadian Licensing Survey: FY2005
Licensing Activity For the tenth consecutive year, Canadian respondents have reported growth in the number of deals being struck around technologies. In FY2005 respondents reported 571 new option or license agreements, Table C-4 represents the distribution of agreement types rather than the total number of agreements. It should be noted that this growth was achieved despite a climate of generally negative economic trends for early stage investment and new venture creation. It is also worthwhile to note that over this same period, as has been discussed previously, the staffing levels and invention disclosure received by technology transfer offices has continued to rise year over year. In a climate where there are a greater number of discoveries entering the commercialization system, and where that system is itself more capable of processing those discoveries, the most tangible net result can be seen in these increases in the number of options and licenses that are being concluded. Funding under the NSERC/CIHR/SSHRC program Intellectual Property Management, has directly contributed to the ability of respondent offices to continue to deliver technologies to the market.
Table C-4. Fiscal Year 2005 License and Option Activity
FY2004 Distribution FY2005 Distribution (n=34) (n=36)
New Options NA 62
New Exclusive Licenses 270 164
New Non-Exclusive Licenses 274 339
Note: This table represents the distribution of agreement types rather than the total number of agreements.
30 Survey Summary ®
Figure C-6. License Income Received
$70,000
$60,000 One measure of the $50,000 “value of the technologies $40,000 licensed by institutions
(CAN$) $30,000 is the longevity of the agreements that are $20,000 entered into by universities, $10,000 hospitals and colleges.” $0
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Program Year
Each year the number of new technologies that are licensed will be countered by licenses that are cancelled, go dormant or simply expire as a result of the passage of time. A measure of the commitment of industrial partners to the technologies they have received can also be inferred from such figures. In FY2005, as a result of the increased number of new licenses and options executed, the total number of active licenses once again showed improvement over FY2004. www.autm.net
MAPLE Quebec MAPLE is sophisticated software developed at McGill University that tracks the evolution of radar-based precipitation patterns based on their recent past. The algorithm provides a forecast of future precipitation of up to 6 hrs. This forecast is generally the most accurate and reliable over this time scale. The short term forecast of severe weather and precipitation is the major activity of the U.S. meteorology private sector. For more information on MAPLE see page 46.
31 AUTM Canadian Licensing Survey: FY2005
In FY2005 the Canadian respondents reported that 992 existing licenses and options yielded gross license income of $52,863,816, representing a 6.25% decline over FY2004. This represents a second consecutive year of declines in revenue (see footnote) attributed to licenses and options.4 A total of eight respondents reported no license income during the year while thirteen reported license income in excess of one million dollars. As in FY2004, only two reporting institutions had license income in excess of $10M for the year. A number of factors can be attributed to the dramatic upswing in license income up to FY2001 and the decline thereafter. Of note, however, is that this trend essentially mirrors (albeit slightly later) the general decline of technology related industries as of 2000. While the number of licenses continues to climb, the basis upon which reporting institutions are compensated for these licenses, equity or royalties based on revenues, has been negatively impacted by the sharp decline in the purchasing and expansion activities of companies that enjoyed unparalleled growth prior to 2000.
Table C-5. License Income Received by Canadian Respondents, FY 2000 – 2005
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Number of Respondents 22 27 33 35 34 36
License Income Received (CAN$) $36,904,152 $65,137,356 $51,498,283 $57,684,700 $56,392,938 $52,863,816
4Another element that has adversely impacted Canadian licensing income has been the appreciation in the Canadian
dollar against its American counterpart. In January of 2002 the average monthly exchange rate published by the Bank
of Canada stood at ~ 1.6 and thereafter began to decline to the point where, at the conclusion of the survey period
(December 2005) the same rate had fallen 27.4% to ~1.16. The revenues associated with many of the licenses entered
into by participant institutions are calculated and paid in U.S. dollars. Therefore, and assuming no variation on any of
the other factors that might impact royalty revenue reported, the very same $1,000 in reported licensing income in 2002
would be shown in FY2005 as approximately $726 due to exchange rate fluctuations alone.
32 Survey Summary ®
Figure C-7. FY2005 Activity Finished on Par with 2004
Dollars Invested Companies Financed
$5,930
$3,748
$2,647 $2,748
$1,674 $1,836 $1,829
1,015 815 740 687 591 645 581
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
©2005 Thomson Macdonald. All rights reserved.
As with the technology industry as a whole, the “hangover” associated with the burst of the technology bubble continues to cause difficulties in extracting value from agreements based on technology revenues. An indication of the extent to which new technologies and new ventures are entering the economy, can be extracted from the number of venture capital deals completed in a given year. While not all technologies result in a new company, some do and of those, some www.autm.net
SynergiC3 New Brunswick L’Université de Moncton and the National Research Council have partnered with Desire2Learn, a leading provider of enterprise eLearning systems, to develop a software suite called SynergiC3. This new technology will significantly decrease production times and the cost of developing eLearning content, both of which are becoming increasingly important within the education and training industries. For more information on SynergiC3 see page 47.
33 AUTM Canadian Licensing Survey: FY2005
will be capable of attracting venture funding. If, however, the capital pools exist but there is not an increase in the level of venture investment, it can be inferred that the climate for early stage, capital hungry companies based on technologies is not good. As was reported by the Canadian Venture Capital and Private Equity Association in February of 2006, the level of total venture deals concluded and total number of companies funded remained essentially unchanged in FY2005 from FY2004 (Figure C-7 is used with permission of the Canadian Venture Capital Association and Thomson Financial). While the numbers for the past two years are an improvement over FY2003, they fall far short of the investment levels associated with the technology bubble. As the capital markets become more aggressive there will be a greater acceptance of earlier stage deals, the sort that are typically all a technology transfer office can offer.
Animal Model for Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Prince Edward Island Researchers at University of PEI have developed a new animal model for temporal lobe epilepsy. The model more closely mimics the clinical features of the human condition so it will be used as a non-human system for studying temporal lobe epilepsy, as well as the efficacy of potential anti-epileptic compounds and pharmaceutical preparations to help find better and more effective therapies for this disease. For more information on Animal Model for Temporal Lobe Epilepsy see page 48.
34 Survey Summary ®
Startup Companies If you examine Figure C-8, Startup Companies Formed, you can see a similarity to the pattern seen in the Venture Capital figure (Figure C-7). Correspondingly, the number of startup companies that have been the recipients of technologies coming out of universities and hospitals has also suffered over the past three years.
Figure C-8. Startup Companies Formed
80
70
60 New funding 50 mechanisms“ have 40 allowed universities to 30 incubate technologies No. of Companies
20 longer in-house than previously. 10 ”
$0
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Program Year www.autm.net
North Atlantic Biopharma, Inc. Newfoundland & Labrador Memorial University’s Genesis Group (TLO) helped with the formation of a faculty spin-off company, North Atlantic Biopharma Inc. (NABPI), which licensed a technology based on a lipid emulsion made with seal oil that can be used effectively to intravenously feed hospital patients who have difficulty digesting essential nutrients orally. For more information on North Atlantic Biopharma, Inc. see page 49.
35 AUTM Canadian Licensing Survey: FY2005
AUTM and ACCT continue to work on re-defining startup (spin-off) definitions for future metrics. This will assist in capturing all “new ventures” that grow out of our universities, hospitals and colleges. The AUTM definition for “startup” activity relates specifically to a company formed solely around the licensing of technology into a newly formed company. Some new ventures that stem from our institutions are not captured by this definition but are key to the financial and economic development of the institution as well as the economic region. A portion of the decline in spin-offs created by reporting institutions can also be attributed to the arrival of new mechanisms that have allowed technology transfer offices to continue development of technologies “in-house” longer than the historical launch cycle of such endeavours. As technologies continue to incubate within the labs of reporting institutions there may be, in future reports, not only a report on the number of new spin-offs, but technologies being incubated pre-licensing by in-house activities. Thus, we hope to be able to discuss their impact in the economy and to evaluate their continued viability in the future. In addition to general economic conditions negatively impacting the prospect of creating a spin-off or a “new venture” from a university lab, the investment climate in Canada has also been slow to recover. In the absence of sustainable funding for new ventures there will be a continued decrease in the appetite in the venture capital world for the creation of companies based on a researcher’s discovery.
36 Survey Summary ®
New Products and Technologies from Canadian Institutions Vignettes We are very proud to include in this section more vignettes collected from universities and hospitals around Canada. While many of the vignettes are new this year, we have also included one or two vignettes from AUTM’s 2006 Edition of the Better World Project so that our readers can get the full flavour of activities across Canada, from every area of science and research in all provinces. This year, for the first time, we are including a section with vignettes from some of our colleges. In Canada, there are approximately 150 colleges, of which 30 have some form of active, functioning research offices, technology transfer offices or staff. Several colleges are now members of various regional networks joining with other academic institutions and focusing more on commercialization. The importance of research in an educational environment has played a major role in universities since the beginning of time. With colleges, over the past decade there has been an increase interest in research, within their educational environment. The breadth and depth of college and institute involvement in applied research and innovation is difficult to capture in its entirety. However, these Canadian success stories highlight the remarkable diversity and utility of their efforts. www.autm.net
Catalyst Customization Nova Scotia Dr. Mark Stradiotto and a team of graduate students have made great strides in designing catalysts that have potential for commercial use within the industrial and pharmaceutical sectors. The technology for catalyst customization recently won a $50,000 innovation award. Dr. Stadiotto is working with Dalhousie’s Industry Liaison and Innovation Office in the commercialisation of the invention. For more information on Catalyst Customization see page 50.
37 AUTM Canadian Licensing Survey: FY2005
British Columbia Simon Fraser University New sonar technology developed by John Bird and Paul Kraeutner in the Underwater Research Laboratory at Simon Fraser University provides high-resolution underwater acoustic mapping and imaging in three dimensions instead of just two. Swath bathymetry — the measurement of water depths across a wide path — has typically been carried out using sonar with either a multi-beam system or an interferometric system, but both have drawbacks. The first requires a very large transducer array to produce a large number of narrow beams. The second, although requiring a much smaller transducer, does not handle multiple targets well and therefore performs poorly in the presence of multi-path signals such as surface bounce reflections. Instead of using a beam-forming approach, Drs. Bird and Kraeutner decided on an angle-of-arrival estimation approach that employs an array similar in size to that of interferometry but without the drawbacks. Kraeutner named the components of the system after his daughters, Sarah and Katie: SARA (Small Aperture Range versus Angle) is the hardware and CAATI (Computed Angle of Arrival Transient Imaging) is the software. They transmit acoustic pulses or “pings,” receive echoes, process data and produce high- resolution three-dimensional images. Teledyne Benthos Inc., A Teledyne Technologies Company (www.benthos.com) acquired an exclusive license from SFU to use the technology for underwater side scan surveying applications. They found it an innovative way to fill the industry need for better interpretation through its combination of high-resolution sonar imagery and high- resolution bathymetry. It also provides an intuitive interpretation to experts and non- experts alike, allowing for fast and efficient decision-making from underwater data sets. The C3D sonar imaging system developed by Teledyne Benthos is available in towed, over-the-side mount and AUV configurations. It is ideal for fisheries habitat mapping, port and harbor security, coastal studies, deep ocean mapping, cable route surveys and mine hunting.
38 Survey Summary ®
TRIUMF (Tri-University Meson Facility) D-Pace initially specialized in complete beamline systems design as well as accelerator beamline component design for commercial cyclotrons and other particle accelerators. This equipment is used widely throughout North and South America, Asia and Europe to produce isotopes for medical diagnostics and therapies, among other applications. Dr. Morgan Dehnel’s technological knowledge and abilities quickly resulted in his company becoming internationally recognized, with its highly qualified personnel providing beamline and magnet designs to public laboratories, commercial radioisotope producers, and particle accelerator manufacturers around the world. Customers include the semiconductor industry and international research institutes such as the Institute of Nuclear Energy Research (INER) in Taiwan and the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN). The D-Pace Beamline Simulator© software is used by about 35 companies and institutions throughout the world. Currently, D-Pace is focused on selling ion sources licensed from TRIUMF, as well as the design and sale of custom components and systems involved with both Ion Source and Injection Systems (ISIS) and beamlines, an important sub-system for almost all types of accelerators. D-Pace continues to license additional technologies from TRIUMF following the first agreement signed in 2001, allowing D-Pace to expand its business and sell to different sectors within the international accelerator
industry. www.autm.net In addition to the company’s economic impact, Dehnel has extended the reach of his social impact by mentoring young aspiring Canadian designers and engineers and by supporting local educational initiatives through guest lectures to high school students, a science column in a weekly newspaper, science fairs and career expositions.
39 AUTM Canadian Licensing Survey: FY2005
University of British Columbia (UBC) Autostitch™ is the world’s first fully-automatic 2-D image-stitcher, selecting multiple pictures from an ordinary digital camera and stitching them together to form a composite image that can be viewed as a panorama of up to 360°. A breakthrough technology for photography, virtual reality and visualization applications, Autostitch is a specific implementation of the Scale-Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) algorithm developed by UBC’s Dr. David Lowe and issued a U.S. patent in 2004. While initially deeming the technology interesting, at UBC’s University-Industry Liason Office (UILO) recognized that its MattLab code would be difficult to market without further refinement. So UILO provided funding of $10,250 from the Prototype Development Fund to help Dr. Lowe and Dr. Matthew Brown convert the research code into industry standard C+ code. Following this development, non-exclusive licenses have been granted to 3Cim Inc., Serif (Europe), Kekus Digital LLC and SARL Kolor for incorporation of Autostitch into commercial digital photography software. It has also been licensed to Industrial Light and Magic for use in the production of motion pictures, television series and other audio visual productions, and to a BC company to provide a virtual tour of real estate. Another BC company is interested in stitching together sonar images obtained from remotely controlled underwater vehicles. UBC continues to negotiate new license agreements for Autostitch with companies in the United States, Europe, Australia and Singapore.
40 Survey Summary ®
Alberta University of Alberta Agriculture researchers at the University of Alberta, Thava Vasanthan, Ph.D., and Feral Temelli, Ph.D., developed a new process for fractionating cereal grains. Perhaps the most important product derived from this new technique is beta-glucan, a naturally occurring dietary fiber that can be found in the cell walls of oat and barley. Many researchers believe that beta-glucan has a number of human health benefits including the ability to reduce serum cholesterol and activate immune response through macrophage immune cells, which may prompt various therapeutic effects. Researchers also anticipate that beta-glucan may soon help diabetics manage blood-sugar levels. Previously, demand for purified beta-glucan was limited because of its high cost. The expense also was a burden for scientists who wanted to research purified beta-glucan. Because the new fractionation technique was created with the specific goal of cost- effectiveness, scientists can perfect beta-glucan applications and investigate uses for other byproducts such as starch concentrate. In July 2002, the University of Alberta's technology transfer unit, a program of TEC Edmonton, collaborated with Canadian technology investment firms AVAC Ltd. and Foragen Technologies Management Inc. to launch Cevena Bioproducts Inc. The company has commercialized this beneficial new fractionation technique and delivers nutritional products from oat and barley crops under the commercial name Viscofiber®. The company www.autm.net has since received a second round of financing and is developing partnerships with other organizations interested in using purified beta-glucan in nutritional markets. Read more at http://www.cevena.com.
41 AUTM Canadian Licensing Survey: FY2005
Saskatchewan University of Saskatoon A technology that benefits one of the most popular sports in Canada is the “Eye on the Hog,” a system that provides impartial hog-line judging for the sport of curling. It uses innovative technology to detect a magnetic strip frozen into the ice at the hog line and a bare hand touching the handle. Circuitry in the handle turns on green lights after a valid release or flashes red lights if a violation has occurred. The concept originated at the University of Saskatchewan by a group of fourth-year engineering students as a design project, and their professor, Eric Salt, Ph.D. Later the technology was licensed to a local engineering firm, Startco Engineering, whose expertise is in the design of conveyor belts to transport ore in Saskatchewan’s potash mines. Startco took the concept and refined it and presented it to the Canadian Curling Association. The system was first tested on one sheet of ice at the Winnipeg World Championships in April 2003 and then introduced at the Brier in 2004. The system now will be standard equipment in all major curling competitions, including the Scott Tournament of Hearts, the Brier and the World Curling Championships.
42 Survey Summary ®
Manitoba University of Manitoba Decades of plant breeding and proofing at the University of Manitoba went into the development of the popular Pink Beauty Potentilla. Since its introduction in 1994, the cultivar has taken the gardening and landscaping business by storm in North America, Europe, Japan and Australia. In the wild, potentilla is a circumpolar plant that grows in northern temperate zones. Through the years, botanists have domesticated these wild cultivars to produce well-adapted yellow-, cream- and white-flowered potentilla shrubs. Pink, however, proved elusive. In the 1980s, university plant researchers led by Professor Louis Lenz were taking an active role in developing plant hybrids by studying genetics. Lenz and his students began to study the pigments that determine flower color — carotenoids for yellow, flavenoids for white, anthocyanins for pink — and their response to various climates. The researchers found that anthocyanins diminish as the temperature increases, so they began breeding plants that could retain anthocyanins in various light and soil conditions. After more than 20 years and 1,600 different plant varieties, Lenz and his students produced Pink Beauty: a compact, drought tolerant, long-blooming plant with semi-double pink flowers that grows well in a range of soils and climates. The Pink Beauty was the University of Manitoba's first domestic plant licensed to commercial nurseries and has served as a model for other plant varieties that have since reached the market. www.autm.net
43 AUTM Canadian Licensing Survey: FY2005
Ontario Queen’s University Well-publicized cases of E. coli contamination in recent years have led to growing public concern over the safety of water used for municipal and recreational purposes, and related products, such as bottled water and packaged ice. Now, breakthrough research in bacteria detection by a Queen’s University industry research team has resulted in a water monitoring system that replaces manual sampling and laboratory testing for E. coli and total coliforms with an easy-to-use, rapid, on-site assessment that generates test results automatically, without the need for human interpretation. The breakthrough chemical-optical technology, now being marketed by Pathogen Detection Systems, Inc. (PDS), of Kingston, Ontario, Canada, is a unique combination of synthetic and polymer chemistry, microbiology, optical signal processing and advanced manufacturing techniques. The patent-pending system adapts the chemical reagents used in widely accepted and approved tests for enzyme activity of E. coli and total coliform bacteria to make them compatible with a proprietary optical sensor, which can detect even minute levels of the contaminant. The result is a desktop-based microbiological testing system that is significantly more reliable and up to 80 percent faster than traditional laboratory-based testing. Valued for its “anytime, anywhere” on-site testing capability, the PDS technology is unique in its provision of laboratory-grade microbiological testing without the need for access to a laboratory or trained personnel. While the company has developed both stand-alone and combined tests for E. coli and total coliform bacteria, additional tests are also in development for the detection of Enterococcus, total viable organisms and others. The company has logged its first commercial sales, and the PDS testing system is currently in use in field trials involving municipal, commercial and research applications. For more information, visit www.pathogendetect.com.
44 Survey Summary ®
McMaster University Nysa Membrane Technologies Inc., a spin-off company from McMaster University, is commercializing a revolutionary, proprietary membrane-based membrane platform technology. This technology, initially developed by Dr. Ronald Childs as part of the university’s Membrane Research Group, has demonstrated better performance at lower cost than current separation technologies. Nysa is currently developing an array of products around technology and intends to enter into a wide range of markets, including bioprocessing, small-scale bioanalytics, blood processing and food and beverage processing. One of the company’s short-term goals is to develop membrane products capable of extracting proteins for use in the next generation of biopharmaceuticals. Given the high cost and time-consuming nature of current bioprocessing methods in extracting a protein-based drug, Nysa’s membrane technology will address an unmet market need by reducing extraction costs by as much as 90 percent. By helping drug companies be better able to meet regulatory requirements in a more cost efficient manner, new drugs can potentially be made available to patients sooner and cheaper. Additionally, Nysa is collaborating with a large food and beverage producer to purify food proteins, and with a wastewater treatment company for filtration. Blood processing and water purification are also possible applications with this platform technology. www.autm.net
45 AUTM Canadian Licensing Survey: FY2005
Québec McGill University MAPLE is sophisticated software developed at McGill University which tracks the evolution of radar-based precipitation patterns based on their recent past. The algorithm provides a forecast of future precipitation of up to 6 hours. This forecast is generally the most accurate and reliable over this time scale. The short term forecast of severe weather and precipitation is the major activity of the U.S. meteorology private sector. Professor Isztar Zawadzki, in collaboration with Dr. Urs Germann, Ms. Alamelu Kilambi, Professor Charles Lin and Dr. Barry Turner, all of McGill University's Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, developed this technology. Weather Decision Technologies (WDT) licensed MAPLE in January 2004, and now offers it as part of their suite of services under the name Storm Predictor™. In the United States, WDT will offer the forecasting application to a variety of industries as a service that is hosted and managed by WDT. Internationally, WDT will offer Storm Predictor™ as a component in a suite of nowcasting technologies — weather forcasting in the zero to six-hour timeframe — that is installed and produced on local systems. As a licensee, WDT is also optioning another technology is are providing useful data to the researcher for his research. “We are excited about incorporating this exclusively licensed technology into WDT’s existing services,” said J.T. Johnson, chief technology officer. “Storm Predictor™ takes forecasting beyond simple projection, giving our clients additional time and insight as to how the weather will affect their business.” The software give highly accurate predictions of short-term weather, i.e. within 12 hours, which in general impacts almost every facet of people’s lives, but is especially critical in air traffic control, construction, military and live events. The result is safer airways and travel, reduced waste (not having to repaint or pour new concrete) and more fun!
46 Survey Summary ®
New Brunswick L’Université de Moncton L’Université de Moncton and the National Research Council have partnered with Desire2Learn, a world leading provider of enterprise eLearning systems, to develop a software suite called SynergiC3. This new technology will significantly decrease production times and the cost of developing eLearning content, both of which are becoming increasingly important within the education and training industries. “There has been rise in demand for rich and interactive content, created more efficiently and more cheaply without compromising quality,” says Dany Benoit, eLearning manager at Groupe des technologies de l’apprentissage (GTA) de l’Université de Moncton. “The strategic partnership brings together a team of talented and knowledgeable people who will integrate some key processes to improve e-learning design and development.” By facilitating collaboration, communications and coordination of activities, the SynergiC3 software will offer better quality control, flexibility and compatibility. In essence, it will revolutionize the way eLearning is used. www.autm.net
47 AUTM Canadian Licensing Survey: FY2005
Prince Edward Island University of Prince Edward Island (UPEI) After years of working to develop an animal model for temporal lobe epilepsy, Dr. Andy Tasker and the behavioral neuroscience research team at UPEI have succeeded. In April 2006, the team was granted a U.S. Patent (US 7034201 B2), and more recently they have received funding from both Technology PEI and the Springboard Network to conduct further proof-of-concept work. The model can be used as a non-human system for studying temporal lobe epilepsy, as well as for testing the efficacy of potential anti-epileptic compounds and pharmaceutical preparations. While other animal models for epilepsy exist, the team is confident that this model more closely mimics the clinical features of the human condition. Through low daily doses of domoic acid (a kainate receptor agonist) during a critical period of early brain development, a permanent change is induced in the animal resulting in seizure-like symptoms when it is exposed to moderate stressors as an adult. The neural mechanisms underpinning these phenomena are being explored with the support of a pharmaceutical company with expertise in the treatment of central nervous system disorders. The team is working hard to further validate the model, and UPEI will work to make it available for use by research and pharmaceutical communities so that both are able to benefit from this leading-edge technology.
48 Survey Summary ®
Newfoundland & Labrador Memorial University
GENESIS Group — Memorial University’s technology commercialization arm — has helped a faculty-owned company move research findings to a signed licensing agreement. The company, North Atlantic Biopharma Inc. (NABPI), discovered that a lipid emulsion made with seal oil can be used effectively to intravenously feed hospital patients who have difficulty digesting essential nutrients orally. GENESIS worked with NABPI to secure this finding through patent protection. Now, with a license agreement in place, NABPI will work with the Chinese company Guangzeng Pharmaceutical Group to bring a seal oil-based pharmaceutical product to market in China. NABPI will be conducting some of the pre-clinical studies on the Memorial University campus. It’s estimated that the development will take just three to five years to reach the market, something that would result in significant royalty payments to NABPI and GENESIS Group. www.autm.net
49 AUTM Canadian Licensing Survey: FY2005
Nova Scotia Dalhousie University Dr. Mark Stradiotto and a team of graduate students have made great strides in designing catalysts that have potential for commercial use within the industrial and pharmaceutical sectors. Catalysts are materials that cause chemicals to react without changing the properties of the catalyst itself. Creating a catalyst that is deemed a “perfect fit” for a particular chemical process is a powerful ability. Stradiotto works on special types of catalysts that work steriospecifically, that is, these catalysts can be used to produce single reaction products which are identical except for their mirror image or optical properties. In the case of sterioisomer drugs, one sterioisomer product usually has the desired properties while the other is either inert or has totally different and unwanted properties. Stradiotto makes his “perfect fit” catalysts using a combination of metals, alloys, and natural and synthetic materials to make a catalyst that incites a very specific chemical reaction. This controlled method used to achieve the desired chemical reaction is of great interest to industry where 80 – 90% of chemical processes involve the use of catalysts. The technology that Stradiotto uses for catalyst customization recently won him a $50,000 innovation award. With this award under his belt, Stadiotto is working with Dalhousie’s Industry Liaison and Innovation Office to seek out a potential private sector company with which to collaborate and further his research.
50 Survey Summary ®
Colleges and Technical Institutes British Columbia Institute of Technology (BCIT)
Dr. Lou Stamenic at the British Columbia Institute of Technology envisioned a device that would maximize the energy that solar panels can capture and store. Stamenic and research analyst Matt Greig created technology that achieved this. BCIT was granted a U.S. patent for its novel technology. BCIT worked with a local manufacturer, Analytic Systems Inc. in a collaborative project to develop a product using this new technology. The device, dubbed the Smart MPPT Controller (for Maximum Power Point Tracking), relies on a proprietary algorithm that maximizes the energy delivered from the solar panel arrays by continuously adjusting the flow of electricity between solar panel arrays and batteries. BCIT licensed the technology rights to Analytic Systems for solar and other renewable energy applications. Analytic Systems plans to commercialize the product under the name SolarMax for residential and industrial applications in 2007.
Southern Alberta Institute of Technology (SAIT)
Conematic Heating Systems together with SAIT students and staff designed and built working prototypes of a compact and energy-efficient hot water heating system. An outcome of this work was the creation of a fully functional Smart House lab and testing facility and ultimately a patented, pre-engineered, packaged and fully integrated heating www.autm.net system for domestic hot water production and space heating. The system delivers a simplistic, smart, efficient and green solution for optimum indoor environment comfort and control. It consists of a high efficiency, patented cone boiler, and integrated system from HBX Control System Inc. The hydronic pumps and expansion tank are contained in one compact wall-mount design appliance that simply plugs into a regular wall socket, enabling a single tradesperson to install the system in new construction or retrofit. This easy-to-install and virtually maintenance-free approach to heating and hot water supply represents a significant advancement in the industry.
51 AUTM Canadian Licensing Survey: FY2005
Red Deer College (Alberta)
In cooperation with the Regional Health Authority (located in Red Deer), and the Bethany Care Facility located on the Red Deer College Campus, Dr. Scott Oddie, colleagues and students have completed two detailed studies in polypharmacy. Multiple drug therapies are prevalent in continuing care and increase the risk of adverse drug reactions (ADR) such as cognitive decline. The current consensus criterion (Beers’ Criteria) doesn’t adequately identify ADRs experienced by older adults. The objective of this study was to design a tool to better identify ADRs. A Medical Review Protocol (MRP) was derived from Beers’ Criteria with the addition of factors that aid in the identification of ADR. The MRP proved to be useful, identifying 47 percent more ADRs than the Beers’ Criteria alone. Results suggest that polypharmacy and ADRs remain problematic in continuing care facilities. Ultimately with the implementation of the MRP, health professionals would be better equipped to identify patients at risk for ADRs, thereby preventing their occurrence. In a follow-up study, it was demonstrated that the MRP is an effective instrument in identifying ADR in that it identified 85% more ADRs among the older adults than the Beers’ Criteria alone. The results indicate a need for better evaluation of prescribed and non-prescribed medications to prevent cognitive decline associated with ADR.
Saskatchewan Institute of Applied Science and Technology (SAIST)
Reg Forbes, an instructor at the SIAST in Moose Jaw, wanted to expose his students to the applied research part of a course that dealt extensively with energy efficiency of buildings. The idea was to analyze a number of low income houses in Moose Jaw for energy efficiency and then develop a simple inexpensive kit that would upgrade low income houses in terms of energy efficiency. The project — dubbed Home Energy Efficiancy Project (Share the Warmth) — involved students surveying a number of low income houses to gain information on furnaces, the state of the filters in furnaces, the condition of windows and gaps in them, the state of walls, and the nature of lighting (bulbs). Based on the outcomes from the kit, a
52 Survey Summary ®
group of students, and other volunteers, entered selected homes and upgraded them. Students caulked gaps in foundations and windows, installed smoke detectors, replaced furnace filters, replaced regular bulb with low energy bulbs, and installed programmable thermostats. The local energy provider SaskEnergy joined the project to analyze energy savings. SaskEnergy now supports and continues the project to upgrade low income homes across the province of Saskatchewan. It is estimated that home owners can save more than $150 on their energy bill.
Assiniboine Community College (Manitoba)
Zone management is becoming an important concept in precision agriculture (PA). Zone management aims to improve production efficiency and/or environmental stewardship using geospatial tools and data. It involves tailoring both spatial and non-spatial management practices to specific parcels of land. One method of establishing a zone management strategy is to perform a multi-year analysis from a GPS derived yield database. Nicole Rabe, M.Sc., collaborated with the Manitoba Zero Tillage Research Association (MZTRA) to analyze multiple years of their research farm yield data to derive management zones based on crop productivity. MZTRA is a farmer-based association that
conducts research in support of zero tillage farming systems. This study tested and www.autm.net demonstrated a strategy that will be of benefit to zero tillage crop producers who farm on similar terrain in Western Manitoba. From a producer’s perspective, a key benefit of this kind of approach is to make more cost effective use of inputs such as fertilizer. This has both economic and environmental benefit, as their costs of production are reduced, and the risk of leaching excess nutrients is also reduced.
53 AUTM Canadian Licensing Survey: FY2005
Red River College (RRC), (Manitoba)
The Hydrogen Hybrid Internal Combustion Engine, or HHICE, transit bus uses compressed hydrogen gas as its fuel. This advanced technology offers all of hydrogen’s environmental benefits, including clean exhaust and reduced greenhouse gas emissions, at a cost that is relatively affordable today. Manitoba was the natural choice to be the demonstration site for the first hydrogen engine-powered bus to be tested on-road in Canada, given its climate advantage, bus manufacturing experience and leadership in hydrogen. RRC was the first Canadian college to take part in a major hydrogen vehicle and refueling demonstration. The hydrogen-fuelled bus was test-driven in Winnipeg during the winter of 2005 — the ideal time to find out how the HHICE technology would perform in cold weather conditions. The trial involved a temporary refueling system, which produced compressed hydrogen gas using electricity and water. RRC was a key player in the cold 2004–05 winter weather testing of the HHICE bus: setting up infrastructure, helping to operate and maintain the bus, producing the hydrogen fuel and refueling the bus and decommissioning the refueling system. The demonstration was a success, proving that HHICE technology works in cold weather, and recommends extended-term testing to determine the technology’s robustness. Some of the lessons learned from the project included the need to reconsider hydrogen fuel specifications and the need for better water vapor measurement and control in hydrogen fuel.
Seneca College (Ontario)
Mon Ami™ is an innovative, patent pending system, comprised of a network of wireless hardware and software, that has been specially designed to serve as an electronic companion, guardian and mentor for elderly and disabled people. The Mon Ami™ (French for “my friend”) appliance is focused on making the life of an elderly or disabled person independent, safe, and enjoyable by offering a wide variety of functions normally performed by a caregiver. This “electronic companion” assists the client with daily tasks at home through the use of a transparent series of “smart appliances.” Mon Ami™ was built using
54 Survey Summary ®
sophisticated technology comprised of specially designed hardware and software, layered with neural networks, artificial intelligence, advanced schedulers, inference engines and other constructs to innovate a state of the art, purpose driven design. Seneca College’s Office of Research and Innovation, School of Health Sciences, School of Electronics and Computer Engineering Technology, and the Care-Giving Centre partnered with Tertec Enterprises to extend the development of the Mon Ami™ assistive device. Seneca contributed user interface testing with visually-impaired clients, facilitated a client needs assessment, and a product research study on the availability of elder assistive devices. The conclusion: no other device with such a great spectrum of functionality currently exists in the marketplace. Seneca and Tertec have established interactive Web applications for the device and completed translation of Mon Ami™ interactions etc. into French. Seneca College has a revenue-sharing agreement with Tertec that is based on two funded research and development projects. Currently, there is a large order for Mon Ami™ units to be used in several retirement homes in Germany. The Mon Ami™ Web site is at www.mymonami.com.
Cégep Sainte-Foy, Quebec
CERFO, the Technology Transfer Office affiliated with the Cégep Sainte-Foy, has a mandate
to contribute to the technological progression and expansion of businesses, organizations www.autm.net and colleges associated to the forestry sector in Québec. In order to bring forestry planning closer to current forestry operations, CERFO has produced a silvicultural guide for several regions. Each guide constitutes a synthesis of knowledge in ecology, forest mensuration (branch of forestry that studies the shape, dimensions, growth and age of trees and forests) and silviculture for a given territory. The guide takes into account the particularities unique to each territory, draws a picture of situations encountered in terms of physical location (soil) and plant composition, and proposes a variety of possible silvicultural interventions. This enables the forester in the application of silvicultural strategies, thus permitting informed decision making. CERFO
55 AUTM Canadian Licensing Survey: FY2005
has made sure that the guides produced are used in the current context of forestry planning operations. The CERFO guides have enabled this field to improve certain silvicultural practices and forestry layout planning, as well as having served as a reference to the Department of Natural Resources and Wildlife.
Nova Scotia Community College
In partnership with the geomatics software development company, CARIS, and under the supervision of Dr. Chris Hopkinson, post graduate geomatics intern Tristan Goulden, researched the sources of system related error in survey coordinates produced from airborne laser mapping systems. This involved using a state-of-the-art Optech Incorporated Airborne Laser Terrain Mapper sensor to control for errors associated with the satellite Global Positioning System, Inertial Measurement Unit, laser ranging and scanning mirror oscillation components. The results led first to system error algorithms and ultimately to the development of an integrated total forward propagated error model. The model could be applied to the raw laser mapping data products to derive further maps of survey point uncertainty. This model will be implemented by CARIS in some of their software products. The ability to map survey point uncertainty allows planners and data end users to better understand and assess the quality of the data being collected. This allows planners to better meet project specifications at minimum cost while maximizing their efficient use of survey time; hence using the model in predictive mode is an invaluable mission planning tool. For end users, it allows the rapid assessment of potentially problematic areas within their data set. It also allows for improved decision making when identifying suitable points for image or digital elevation model interpolation. Consequently, this modeling project has potential to streamline the workflow procedures associated with several aspects of the airborne laser mapping industry.
56 Survey Summary ®
AUTM Canadian Licensing Survey: FY2005 Survey Summary Data Appendix Canada www.autm.net
Respondent institutions listed by the year the offices were first formed, i.e. “programs”
In previous years we have presented the following data ranked by total research expenditures. This year the Committee decided to provide this information chronologically. In the opinion of the Committee the former manner of presentation unfairly characterized reported commercialization revenues as linked to the commercialization expenditures reported in the same year. In reality the commercialization results reported are, for the most part, derived from prior years’ research expenditures and as such this new manner of presentation allows the focus to remain on the current year’s results. A total of 36 institutions responded in 2005 of which three opted not to have their data printed in the Data Appendix.
57 AUTM Canadian Licensing Survey: FY2005
Data Appendix Summary of FY2003–2005 Canadian Universities
2003–2005 2003–2005 2003–2005 2005 Cumulative Licenses & Cumulative 2005 Cumulative 2005 Cumulative Program Licensing Research Total Research Options Active Invention Invention New Patent Adjusted License Name of Institution Start FTE Expenditures Expenditures Executed Licenses Startups Disclosures Disclosures Applications Gross Income Income
Univ. of Toronto 1980 19 $385,242,885 $1,059,106,587 34 250 3 224 526 56 $7,237,907 $1,696,475 Univ. of Manitoba 1983 1 $98,041,960 $274,556,576 5 73 0 46 121 35 $6,211,327 $1,676,576 Queen's Univ. 1984 9 $136,452,000 $416,974,000 10 63 3 52 170 10 $11,936,315 $894,764 Univ. of British Columbia 1984 15 $364,002,967 $1,090,368,946 50 218 2 143 429 68 $42,950,775 $15,986,213 Simon Fraser Univ. 1985 6 $52,926,051 $143,401,077 2 64 1 35 88 26 $580,847 $342,984 The Hospital for Sick Children 1985 3 $136,830,804 $390,564,544 20 102 1 21 77 25 $6,694,372 $2,598,532 Univ. of Alberta 1985 14 $388,019,000 $998,309,000 13 117 2 59 185 26 $3,640,683 $1,053,517 Univ. de Sherbrooke 1986 9 $95,027,013 $270,703,819 31 217 0 24 56 27 $35,442,074 $11,671,420 Université Laval 1986 6 $228,592,825 $564,048,205 9 45 0 53 131 86 $784,600 $352,018 Memorial Univ. of Newfoundland 1987 2 $90,069,583 N.A. 0 8 0 8 N.A. 2 N.A. $45,000 Univ. of Ottawa 1987 7 $238,000,000 $530,200,000 6 26 1 44 120 17 $426,534 $112,188 McMaster Univ., Hamilton Health Science &
58 St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton 1987 7 $288,589,000 $535,108,000 192 264 2 46 160 27 $3,390,378 $1,527,333 TRIUMF 1989 2 $5,601,572 $16,486,510 1 10 0 5 23 15 $3,770,399 $1,297,404 UTI, Inc./Univ. of Calgary 1989 7 $281,805,511 $698,173,999 14 91 0 125 357 48 $10,836,011 $3,435,425 Dalhousie Univ. 1990 2 $92,497,000 N.A. 1 6 0 16 N.A. 3 N.A. $148,459 Univ. of Waterloo 1990 3 $104,752,000 $297,159,000 34 263 2 8 28 5 $2,415,586 $777,969 Univ. of Saskatchewan 1990 4 $118,473,094 $365,726,060 26 126 0 83 166 13 $3,502,059 $1,091,065 McGill Univ. 1990 15 $387,024,000 $1,080,127,000 31 132 1 94 296 66 $5,114,121 $1,579,279 Univ. of Victoria 1992 8 $47,865,000 N.A. 2 18 2 64 130 18 $401,600 $178,000 Lakehead Univ. 1995 2 $18,105,000 $42,846,000 0 2 1 5 16 0 $0 $0 Western, Lawson and Robarts 1995 9 $202,745,436 $492,145,436 35 65 5 81 157 40 $5,669,046 $4,363,035 Ecole De Technologie Superieure 1996 1 $9,075,838 $24,772,925 2 9 0 6 13 6 $40,425 $9,947 Univ. of Guelph 1996 4 $123,994,663 $351,102,047 40 159 0 106 305 34 $2,570,020 $1,337,142 Univ. Health Network 1998 3 $193,262,224 $487,600,224 3 29 3 40 93 8 $862,481 $636,557 Univ. of Northern British Columbia 1999 1 $8,721,000 $26,056,000 0 0 1 N.A. N.A. 2 $0 $0 Univ. of New Brunswick 1999 2 $33,233,570 $98,913,655 3 15 2 16 48 12 $422,330 $52,514 Mount Allison Univ. 2002 N.A. $3,673,145 N.A. 0 0 4 4 N.A. 1 N.A. $0 Univ. of Prince Edward Island 2002 N.A. $9,746,000 $25,518,000 0 0 0 1 5 0 $1,600 $0 York Univ. 2003 0 $48,800,000 $152,917,083 6 N.A. 0 12 23 1 $0 $0 Saint Mary's Univ. 2004 1 $5,700,000 N.A. 0 0 0 1 N.A. 1 N.A. $0 Nova Scotia Agricultural College 2005 1 $4,980,000 N.A. 0 0 0 0 N.A. 2 N.A. $0 Bishop's Univ. N.A. 0 $539,500 $1,284,500 0 1 0 0 1 0 $0 $0 Trent Univ. N.A. 0 $13,826,200 N.A. 0 0 0 1 N.A. 0 N.A. $0
Note: All currencies in Canadian dollars. Data not shown for institutions wishing to remain confidential. Survey Summary ®
AUTM Canadian Licensing Survey: FY2005 Survey Summary Data Appendix U.S. www.autm.net
59 AUTM U.S. Licensing Survey: FY2005
Data Appendix Summary of FY2003–2005 U.S. Universities
2003–2005 2003–2005 2003–2005 2005 Cumulative Licenses & Cumulative Cumulative Cumulative Program Licensing Research Total Research Options Active Invention US Patents New Patent Adjusted License Name of Institution Start FTE Expenditures Expenditures Executed Licenses Startups Disclosures Issued Applications Gross Income Income
Univ. of Wisconsin at Madison 1925 21 $798,099,000 N.A. 216 963 4 N.A. 89 203 N.A. $49,052,238 Iowa State Univ. 1935 6 $238,838,000 $702,861,000 218 745 5 386 15 47 $11,425,091 $4,019,000 Washington State Univ. Research Fdn. 1939 3 $128,539,940 $371,233,982 9 88 N.A. 103 16 17 $2,152,864 $2,003,944 Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT) 1940 15 $1,133,000,000 $3,154,354,000 93 794 20 1479 133 290 $85,094,194 $39,824,482 Kansas State Univ. Research Fdn. 1942 1 $90,309,323 $257,043,827 6 47 0 68 2 11 $2,447,903 $828,460 Univ. of Minnesota 1957 12 $548,873,000 $1,572,491,000 82 678 1 693 51 98 $129,267,137 $47,051,520 Univ. of Utah 1968 9 $297,904,964 $857,012,485 44 147 6 499 31 63 $38,539,075 $16,137,282 Colorado State Univ. 1970 3 $244,300,000 $667,978,325 7 42 2 142 2 15 $2,772,792 $1,229,700 Univ. of Southern California 1971 9 $431,800,000 $1,266,962,000 65 N.A. 7 378 35 76 $9,032,630 $2,891,273 Johns Hopkins Univ. 1973 17 $1,674,228,321 $4,730,507,259 94 803 5 1090 81 318 $25,078,567 $12,369,870 Univ. of Iowa Research Fdn. 1975 5 $334,144,000 $939,093,000 35 275 5 244 22 68 $38,595,958 $19,159,514 Boston Univ./Boston Medical Ctr. 1976 5 $336,917,253 $960,091,495 14 102 3 278 11 73 $5,691,971 $2,632,941 Univ. of Virginia Patent Fdn. 1977 6 $239,061,000 $700,757,022 61 336 7 495 8 199 $16,750,650 $6,043,493 60 Harvard Univ. 1977 8 $623,339,500 $1,752,878,600 58 523 7 404 44 80 $54,303,414 $27,987,375 Tufts Univ. 1978 4 $138,167,542 $384,918,071 18 63 1 135 14 23 $1,772,260 $582,337 California Inst. of Technology 1978 5 $392,275,000 $1,148,172,000 50 130 16 1702 172 562 $45,465,741 $10,220,654 Univ. of Georgia 1979 5 $316,806,000 $929,714,000 84 526 2 285 20 64 $22,651,400 $11,304,487 Research Foundation of SUNY 1979 15 $735,792,126 $2,075,229,197 84 372 6 744 35 128 $40,602,159 $13,592,373 Cornell Research Fdn., Inc. 1979 10 $561,320,000 $1,603,620,000 79 623 5 612 51 108 $14,297,600 $3,952,000 Univ. of California System 1979 63 $2,916,534,000 $8,331,611,000 265 1,654 19 3527 310 601 $222,893,000 $92,902,000 Univ. of Rochester 1980 7 $341,073,271 $924,055,271 25 76 5 393 12 225 $90,948,487 $30,470,068 Montana State Univ. 1980 3 $98,475,000 $268,475,000 27 108 1 93 1 24 $292,998 $103,636 Oregon State Univ. 1980 4 $180,309,000 $503,231,000 25 178 0 119 2 16 $4,656,209 $1,883,035 Univ. of Illinois, Chicago, Urbana 1981 19 $817,990,000 $2,416,818,000 63 308 7 803 65 134 $20,531,839 $7,115,689 Univ. of Michigan 1982 7 $778,061,728 $2,279,933,281 86 331 7 829 80 133 $33,613,266 $16,721,791 Univ. of Washington/Wash. Res. Fdn. 1983 20 $895,349,071 $2,513,668,475 109 740 4 700 40 84 $78,662,450 $29,317,473 Univ. of Florida 1983 14 $478,000,000 $1,317,969,778 66 404 13 815 54 187 $112,920,365 $40,300,000 Baylor College of Medicine 1983 14 $383,648,000 $1,095,931,000 45 418 2 352 14 47 $20,800,000 $7,498,000 Univ. of Cincinnati 1983 5 $151,452,000 $427,696,538 17 83 0 252 9 70 $2,223,015 $808,986 Brown Univ. Research Fdn. 1983 3 $144,660,000 $403,460,998 9 30 4 209 7 33 $4,502,882 $1,982,272 Univ. of Tennessee 1983 3 $244,973,309 $664,366,894 4 121 0 178 7 186 $3,098,809 $1,130,452 Medical Univ, of Ohio at Toledo 1983 1 $18,255,922 $56,014,866 1 21 0 23 0 2 $144,321 $74,805 Univ. of Dayton Research Inst. 1984 3 $68,892,237 $188,102,936 4 60 2 82 2 11 $594,130 $222,177 Univ. of Kentucky Research Fdn. 1984 2 $177,474,792 $491,217,549 13 92 4 209 15 26 $2,361,672 $856,260 North Carolina State Univ. 1984 4 $189,087,227 $767,832,227 69 533 4 573 49 N.A. $12,370,495 $2,954,674 Univ. of Oklahoma, All Campuses 1984 5 $122,673,726 $353,506,903 3 30 2 177 3 29 $907,716 $444,283 AUTM U.S. Licensing Survey: FY2005
Data Appendix Summary of FY2003–2005 U.S. Universities
2003–2005 2003–2005 2003–2005 2005 Cumulative Licenses & Cumulative Cumulative Cumulative Program Licensing Research Total Research Options Active Invention US Patents New Patent Adjusted License Name of Institution Start FTE Expenditures Expenditures Executed Licenses Startups Disclosures Issued Applications Gross Income Income
Medical College of Wisconsin Research Fndtn 1984 1 $106,582,140 $311,060,129 5 44 2 138 5 10 $1,871,669 $485,408 Tulane Univ. 1985 3 $137,006,080 $387,499,080 3 41 0 133 0 18 $25,049,533 $8,554,959 Dartmouth College 1985 2 $173,626,618 $498,185,203 12 111 2 115 6 27 $2,509,126 $889,247 Washington Univ. St. Louis 1985 5 $503,855,000 $1,395,306,000 50 1,445 3 317 20 97 $33,739,920 $11,655,363 Wake Forest Univ. 1985 3 $153,513,341 $416,055,678 10 60 1 108 8 0 $103,541,169 $49,945,169 Virginia Tech Intellectual Properties, Inc. 1985 2 $155,528,255 $532,026,719 28 253 6 371 17 58 $7,398,744 $2,496,125 Univ. of Central Florida 1985 1 $121,699,000 $355,299,630 6 17 2 223 29 80 $680,448 $163,955 Emory Univ. 1985 7 $345,698,465 $970,837,901 30 154 4 300 17 54 $621,480,104 $585,656,765 Univ. of Texas Health Science Ctr., Houston 1985 3 $154,288,996 $452,163,460 30 94 1 157 8 13 $6,097,200 $3,484,772 Arizona State Univ. 1985 5 $110,221,573 $294,866,969 28 28 5 300 25 63 $4,781,780 $2,287,170 Univ. of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 1985 6 $344,135,813 $974,672,904 47 274 2 319 26 58 $9,589,665 $1,987,551
61 Brigham Young Univ. 1986 4 $24,334,391 $72,297,263 18 115 4 346 2 64 $11,567,328 $3,289,914 Univ. of Pennsylvania 1986 9 $672,736,678 $1,976,894,483 83 466 9 1067 37 449 $26,266,155 $7,495,118 Univ. of Chicago/UCTech 1986 7 $375,000,000 $994,627,000 16 173 0 313 21 43 $20,048,748 $6,903,271 Idaho Research Fdn., Inc. 1986 1 $91,009,000 $269,468,000 14 43 0 110 3 11 $849,976 $425,155 Case Western Reserve Univ. 1986 10 $254,832,900 $741,640,174 26 141 4 370 16 43 $29,386,824 $8,355,516 Duke Univ. 1986 3 $510,372,000 $1,477,366,335 29 405 3 380 25 55 $10,118,073 $3,712,252 Louisiana State Univ. Agricultural Ctr. 1986 3 $58,527,493 $166,429,232 2 27 0 93 21 7 $7,087,265 $4,332,303 The UAB Research Fdn. 1987 4 N.A. N.A. 17 250 2 303 52 161 $12,852,946 $8,040,594 Clemson Univ. 1987 2 $175,127,000 $493,218,000 8 33 2 138 12 37 $6,980,051 $2,072,642 Univ. of Maryland, College Park 1987 2 $309,898,312 $881,446,543 43 197 7 326 23 31 $2,621,254 $962,516 Univ. of Hawaii 1987 5 $209,196,531 $599,515,705 15 N.A. 2 130 5 21 $2,032,025 $688,321 The Curators of the Univ. of Missouri 1987 6 N.A. N.A. 7 94 0 244 13 38 $15,217,277 $9,648,771 Utah State Univ. 1987 4 $134,223,000 $431,335,582 9 50 4 142 3 12 $1,402,145 $554,194 Univ. of Connecticut 1987 4 $169,000,000 $476,733,684 10 67 2 238 15 30 $4,046,056 $1,532,000 Purdue Research Fdn. 1988 8 $407,837,600 $1,149,437,600 79 348 6 611 27 170 $12,248,635 $4,158,682 Univ. of Arizona 1988 4 $530,233,000 $1,463,854,000 28 148 5 307 10 62 $3,215,547 $1,175,915 Michigan Technological Univ. 1988 2 $41,337,000 $107,271,000 7 65 1 137 9 0 $1,301,320 $412,354 Auburn Univ. 1988 4 $132,203,000 $394,393,500 14 45 2 207 14 56 $1,169,436 $532,585 Wayne State Univ. 1988 4 $226,331,000 $665,523,000 15 98 1 145 11 25 $19,632,246 $3,339,900 Univ. of Texas Medical Branch 1988 5 $174,254,000 $494,174,000 20 100 0 173 11 27 $2,439,588 $1,979,626 New York Univ. 1989 4 $242,833,000 $712,077,000 34 162 3 289 21 48 $3,285,983,118 $133,774,915 Penn State Univ. 1989 5 $637,911,000 $1,789,463,000 21 163 3 465 37 90 $5,704,888 $2,266,479 Univ. of Maryland, Baltimore 1989 4 $404,427,715 $1,067,594,756 23 64 3 251 7 100 $531,013 $251,388 Temple Univ. 1989 2 $77,513,906 $284,220,657 14 43 2 68 16 16 $1,588,743 $417,497 AUTM U.S. Licensing Survey: FY2005
Data Appendix Summary of FY2003–2005 U.S. Universities
2003–2005 2003–2005 2003–2005 2005 Cumulative Licenses & Cumulative Cumulative Cumulative Program Licensing Research Total Research Options Active Invention US Patents New Patent Adjusted License Name of Institution Start FTE Expenditures Expenditures Executed Licenses Startups Disclosures Issued Applications Gross Income Income
Rutgers, The State Univ. of NJ 1989 8 $269,092,365 $783,177,768 26 195 0 472 21 94 $15,312,091 $5,685,675 Kent State Univ. 1989 2 $13,238,384 $46,849,513 2 20 0 35 5 5 $1,692,339 $578,659 Univ. of Miami 1989 4 $286,988,000 $793,888,000 17 66 0 126 4 30 $1,009,178 $635,132 Oregon Health & Science Univ. 1989 5 $246,436,318 $698,813,151 36 198 3 292 15 37 $2,124,332 $655,586 Ohio State Univ. 1990 8 $511,500,000 $1,374,500,000 19 115 2 457 38 42 $1,890,910 $696,000 Vanderbilt Univ. 1990 7 $364,594,735 $996,280,735 49 219 4 354 23 57 $17,996,165 $4,651,054 New Jersey Inst. of Technology 1990 3 $76,920,000 $225,582,000 25 28 0 125 5 57 $476,523 $406,000 Georgia Inst. of Technology 1990 5 $420,317,170 $1,253,409,292 37 159 9 827 43 282 $9,110,056 $4,478,516 Univ. of Texas Southwestern Med. Ctr. 1990 6 $320,801,884 $913,161,423 39 305 2 300 18 16 $34,624,506 $12,526,652 Univ. of Arkansas, Fayetteville 1990 2 $97,072,799 $268,197,894 18 31 3 97 10 16 $1,025,191 $364,500 Univ. of South Florida 1990 3 $270,820,717 $781,542,792 20 86 6 356 23 76 $4,135,984 $1,548,818 Univ. of Texas Health Science , Ctr., San Antonio 1990 2 $142,375,000 $412,718,000 17 92 1 146 4 15 $6,271,392 $1,713,616 62 Ball State Univ. 1991 N.A. $25,761,332 N.A. 5 17 1 N.A. 0 3 N.A. $132,598 Univ. of Rhode Island 1991 2 $54,500,000 $167,800,000 0 6 0 52 9 46 $2,973,341 $1,066,000 Ohio Univ. 1991 2 $26,948,000 $94,397,376 1 13 0 58 5 15 $5,086,649 $2,687,000 Mount Sinai School of Medicine of NYU 1991 4 $229,500,000 $695,500,000 12 53 0 182 9 18 $25,706,760 $16,842,054 Indiana Univ. (ARTI) 1991 7 $349,916,000 $1,025,035,974 11 135 2 304 14 23 $18,617,872 $4,628,918 Univ. of Texas at Austin 1991 4 $410,981,000 $1,098,722,000 25 120 4 282 32 104 $15,745,801 $6,773,824 Univ. of Nebraska 1992 3 $307,954,816 $844,212,896 19 162 1 217 21 64 $4,603,695 $1,516,063 Univ. of Oregon 1992 4 $86,383,648 $247,659,052 30 70 3 121 4 11 $7,119,068 $3,440,256 Creighton Univ. 1992 2 $43,440,783 $113,939,823 4 12 2 56 1 9 $788,221 $269,997 Michigan State Univ. 1992 6 $333,735,000 $980,628,000 61 276 4 366 29 121 $84,399,849 $23,821,609 Univ. of Mississippi 1992 2 $46,554,000 $141,840,000 7 20 0 41 2 8 $4,453,826 $1,125,952 Carnegie Mellon Univ. 1992 5 $227,692,000 $649,147,000 32 127 6 324 33 53 $12,252,717 $4,988,285 Univ. of Pittsburgh 1992 5 $602,664,000 $1,674,606,000 58 163 8 355 20 73 $10,713,084 $4,246,193 Name Withheld 1992 6 $552,897,000 $1,458,949,000 44 425 N.A. 360 38 47 $22,383,006 $7,846,650 Rensselaer Polytechnic Inst. 1993 7 $62,160,763 $169,735,903 14 40 2 259 21 73 $382,631 $193,132 Univ. of Colorado 1993 8 $497,762,300 $1,600,905,200 60 223 9 448 13 142 $64,519,027 $27,352,470 Georgetown Univ. 1993 4 $122,672,973 $377,366,012 31 83 0 120 3 19 $1,351,080 $470,576 Univ. of North Carolina, Charlotte 1993 2 $25,112,659 $67,407,519 3 28 3 209 12 56 $100,339 $11,539 Univ. of South Carolina 1993 2 $166,157,617 $372,491,375 16 44 4 167 3 48 $687,060 $251,344 Western Kentucky Univ. 1994 0 $6,609,000 $16,601,000 2 3 0 N.A. 0 1 $62,337 $45,433 Virginia Commonwealth Univ. 1994 2 $146,105,000 $405,395,000 17 48 0 247 7 60 $2,204,680 $964,138 Univ. of Toledo 1994 1 $32,351,000 $83,556,994 11 33 2 70 3 25 $809,632 $672,802 Medical Univ. of South Carolina 1994 3 $147,747,304 $415,330,448 5 30 0 145 6 14 $2,246,787 $633,079 AUTM U.S. Licensing Survey: FY2005
Data Appendix Summary of FY2003–2005 U.S. Universities
2003–2005 2003–2005 2003–2005 2005 Cumulative Licenses & Cumulative Cumulative Cumulative Program Licensing Research Total Research Options Active Invention US Patents New Patent Adjusted License Name of Institution Start FTE Expenditures Expenditures Executed Licenses Startups Disclosures Issued Applications Gross Income Income
Univ. of Maryland, Baltimore County 1994 2 $58,467,000 $150,776,000 7 30 0 90 1 30 $153,514 $87,817 Univ. of Kansas Medical Center 1994 2 $70,585,000 $205,685,000 2 43 0 33 3 1 $1,773,733 $219,031 Univ. of Kansas 1994 2 $120,711,000 $337,116,000 6 37 0 115 9 20 $6,683,461 $5,181,192 Univ. of Arkansas for Medical Sciences 1994 1 $112,679,510 $323,535,330 11 44 0 74 13 12 $775,513 $323,207 Drexel Univ. 1995 2 $101,914,574 N.A. 7 15 0 N.A. 3 57 N.A. $1,334,411 East Carolina Univ. 1995 2 $14,240,000 $40,056,000 2 12 0 31 4 5 $999,364 $328,579 Univ. of Montana 1995 1 $61,564,249 $166,274,720 2 15 2 9 4 1 0 $0 Univ. of South Alabama 1995 1 $19,431,000 N.A. 4 12 0 36 1 8 $1,089,834 $602,290 Univ. of New Mexico/Sci. & Tech. Corp. 1995 5 $178,702,379 $507,026,120 18 36 5 192 15 56 $1,278,111 $792,407 Univ. of Massachusetts 1995 12 $376,742,000 $1,011,488,000 50 206 1 458 15 88 $74,200,684 $28,297,467 Univ. of Akron 1995 2 $51,344,950 $150,902,785 7 33 4 131 12 42 $1,721,778 $599,405 Oklahoma State Univ. 1995 1 $102,177,306 $317,654,416 7 37 1 86 7 9 $2,323,825 $906,096 Mississippi State Univ. 1995 3 $179,825,000 $537,099,000 10 41 4 151 9 22 $1,148,296 $467,247 63 North Dakota State Univ. 1995 2 $103,011,000 $296,938,000 14 72 0 111 18 25 $4,663,727 $1,669,389 George Mason Univ. 1996 1 $65,133,890 $189,429,393 4 12 1 117 6 38 $141,404 $47,527 Florida Atlantic Univ. 1996 N.A. $50,202,200 $150,705,954 1 5 0 76 6 9 $287,574 $94,611 Florida State Univ. 1996 3 $191,438,051 $572,825,584 11 57 1 131 19 19 $40,886,192 $2,546,440 Univ. of Houston 1996 2 $72,364,000 $220,929,099 14 49 2 135 6 39 $1,330,071 $543,664 Univ. of Louisville 1996 3 $139,942,000 $353,066,000 8 24 3 166 4 60 $199,346 $80,924 Univ. of Delaware 1997 2 $140,100,000 $328,747,042 2 N.A. N.A. 132 11 N.A. N.A. N.A. Catholic Univ. of America 1997 1 $18,439,000 $62,795,008 1 1 1 6 2 3 $1,633,334 $531,000 Univ. of New Hampshire 1997 2 $108,335,557 $287,770,947 12 45 1 45 2 14 $344,681 $149,232 Brandeis Univ. 1998 1 N.A. N.A. 10 34 1 35 2 6 $1,411,335 $631,100 Texas Tech Univ. 1998 1 $75,045,602 $226,021,342 7 20 1 126 6 16 $334,402 $106,795 Univ. of Vermont 1998 2 $101,653,612 $304,172,612 5 34 2 82 8 37 $457,495 $142,001 Southern Methodist Univ. 1998 N.A. $14,458,488 $37,045,352 0 0 N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. $5,376 $2,788 Rice Univ. 1998 1 $73,292,333 $198,487,311 11 49 2 174 19 35 $827,109 $692,369 Univ. of North Texas Health Science Ctr. 1999 1 $22,325,471 $58,930,705 2 8 0 28 0 5 $261,380 $195,107 Univ. of Notre Dame 1999 1 $73,000,000 $197,300,000 5 10 1 118 6 47 $539,564 $116,250 LSU Health Sciences Center-New Orleans 1999 1 N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 76 N.A. N.A. N.A. $194,781 Eastern Virginia Medical School 1999 1 $33,721,000 $100,320,000 5 27 1 29 0 7 $21,093,320 $20,325,000 Univ. of Texas, Arlington 1999 1 $33,826,960 N.A. 3 10 3 N.A. 2 12 N.A. $1,167,010 Duquesne Univ. 1999 1 $11,553,000 $29,453,000 7 8 1 20 1 4 $436,000 $162,000 Northeastern Univ. 2000 2 $53,236,101 $147,514,402 6 22 1 116 11 41 $3,801,093 $1,078,609 Stevens Inst. of Technology 2000 1 $28,269,936 N.A. 8 14 4 N.A. 4 11 N.A. $828,536 Wright State Univ. 2001 1 $40,327,655 $113,238,869 3 8 0 22 1 9 $147,718 $51,446 AUTM U.S. Licensing Survey: FY2005
Data Appendix Summary of FY2003–2005 U.S. Universities
2003–2005 2003–2005 2003–2005 2005 Cumulative Licenses & Cumulative Cumulative Cumulative Program Licensing Research Total Research Options Active Invention US Patents New Patent Adjusted License Name of Institution Start FTE Expenditures Expenditures Executed Licenses Startups Disclosures Issued Applications Gross Income Income
Medical College of Georgia Research Inst. 2001 4 $80,000,000 $228,000,000 10 13 0 79 3 23 $531,707 $79,635 Bowling Green State Univ. 2001 0 $9,746,000 $25,353,000 1 1 0 22 0 0 $0 $0 Univ. of North Carolina at Greensboro 2002 1 $28,824,531 N.A. 2 6 1 49 1 4 $52,798 $20,586 Univ. of Northern Iowa 2002 N.A. N.A. N.A. 4 8 1 17 3 2 N.A. N.A. Univ. of Alabama in Huntsville 2004 1 $110,000,000 N.A. 13 22 2 N.A. 3 13 N.A. $837,823 College of William & Mary 2005 1 $42,036,111 N.A. 1 1 0 N.A. 1 12 N.A. $0 Miami Univ. N.A. 0 $22,033,980 N.A. 6 6 0 30 1 3 $1,585,816 $633,500 Portland State Univ. N.A. 0 $37,193,755 $100,194,500 1 1 1 22 1 17 $0 $0 Univ. of Nevada at Las Vegas N.A. 1 $91,714,087 $232,395,918 0 1 0 11 3 15 $50,000 $25,000 Northwestern Univ. N.A. 6 $380,817,910 $1,064,388,059 21 133 6 377 21 117 $6,744,966 $4,019,199 64 AUTM U.S. Licensing Survey: FY2005
U.S. Hospitals and Data Appendix Summary of FY2003–2005 Research Institutions
2003–2005 2003–2005 2003–2005 2005 Cumulative Licenses & Cumulative Cumulative Cumulative Program Licensing Research Total Research Options Active Invention US Patents New Patent Adjusted License Name of Institution Start FTE Expenditures Expenditures Executed Licenses Startups Disclosures Issued Applications Gross Income Income
The Salk Inst. for Biological Studies 1969 5 $79,812,000 $227,010,000 23 239 0 71 14 13 $13,312,079 $5,248,417 Massachusetts General Hospital 1976 19 $483,252,000 $1355,667,000 140 554 5 717 56 165 $194,927,802 $94,890,630 Dana-Farber Cancer Inst. 1981 5 $187,119,539 $508,333,550 21 323 1 197 13 36 $14,188,849 $6,349,664 Sloan Kettering Inst. for Cancer Res. 1981 7 $253,221,000 $716,610,000 31 204 2 168 21 28 $216,410,815 $66,619,610 Fox Chase Cancer Ctr. 1984 1 $84,832,191 $241,251,758 23 41 0 120 5 12 $1,800,892 $612,541 City of Hope National Medical Ctr. & Beckman Research 1986 3 $129,020,000 $344,193,000 7 29 1 81 9 18 $177,203,672 $73,888,337 Health Research, Inc.- NY Health Dept. - Roswell PA 1986 2 $117,813,000 $337,608,000 9 85 0 68 8 16 $6,627,300 $2,893,000 Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Inc. 1986 8 $370,693,000 $1,057,229,000 32 173 3 316 30 47 $21,873,463 $6,985,206 Mayo Fdn. for Medical Education and Research 1986 12 $399,000,000 $1,122,000,000 75 730 3 863 30 88 $43,847,612 $16,112,049
65 M.D. Anderson Cancer Ctr. 1987 12 $341,928,679 $938,105,284 19 96 0 376 22 42 $11,322,097 $3,843,883 Fred Hutchinson Cancer Res. Ctr. 1988 5 $225,800,000 $650,725,818 31 120 2 61 3 15 $5,217,560 $1,765,000 Cleveland Clinic Fdn. 1989 8 $183,713,000 $414,009,904 33 125 4 409 4 116 $15,641,111 $9,899,012 Oklahoma Medical Research Fdn. 1990 4 $41,443,080 $116,498,967 2 39 2 46 5 8 $8,243,176 $2,971,278 Children’s Hospital Boston 1991 9 $166,401,600 $410,320,161 22 159 3 332 20 42 $33,372,670 $17,574,310 Wistar Inst. 1991 2 $42,818,000 $118,254,000 8 119 0 21 2 7 $7,588,000 $3,622,000 New England Medical Ctr. 1993 1 $70,882,000 $172,548,003 5 45 0 76 7 10 $3,004,476 $1,208,887 Woods Hole Oceanographic Inst. 1993 1 $112,231,592 $321,454,448 0 7 0 11 N.A. 3 $864,163 $191,063 National Jewish Med. and Res. Ctr. 1994 2 $49,974,414 $144,428,389 22 62 1 44 1 9 $1,138,342 $319,225 St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital 1995 3 $153,558,448 $426,479,861 17 185 0 108 7 6 $4,033,482 $2,001,430 Burnham Inst. 1995 4 $66,846,000 $171,625,000 12 63 0 187 4 19 $2,633,000 $991,000 St. Elizabeth’s Medical Ctr. of Boston 1995 1 $4,200,360 $14,915,160 2 9 0 15 3 8 $679,965 $103,465 Hospital for Special Surgery 1996 1 $20,819,000 $57,019,000 4 20 2 45 3 11 $9,548,861 $3,932,377 CBR Institute 1997 2 $36,569,000 $102,297,000 4 46 0 26 4 19 $1,051,035 $299,247 Schepens Eye Research Inst. 1997 0 $22,000,000 N.A. 6 6 0 N.A. 5 4 N.A. $600,000 Children’s Hospital, Cincinnati 1997 6 $174,221,084 $454,818,449 20 44 0 113 8 62 $5,971,724 $1,961,058 Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Ctr. 1997 4 $191,123,000 $535,276,000 18 120 4 212 10 30 $6,777,690 $1,859,349 Children’s Hospital Oakland Research Inst. 2001 1 $49,913,167 N.A. 3 0 71 2 16 $961,362 $728,575 California Pacific Medical Ctr. Res. Inst. 2005 1 $21,608,052 $50,019,052 6 6 0 21 1 17 $347,425 $153,881 AUTM US Licensing Survey: FY2005
U.S. Technology Data Appendix Summary of FY2003–2005 Investment Firms
2003–2005 2003–2005 2003–2005 2005 Cumulative Licenses & Cumulative Cumulative Cumulative Program Licensing Research Total Research Options Active Invention US Patents New Patent Adjusted License Name of Institution Start FTE Expenditures Expenditures Executed Licenses Startups Disclosures Issued Applications Gross Income Income
Research Corporation Technologies 1987 11 $0 N.A. 35 300 0 266 6 15 $55,188,394 $8,351,774 66 ® Licensing Survey Order Form
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