FY2006 AUTM Canadian Licensing Activity Survey
Survey Summary A Survey of Technology Licensing (and Related) Performance for Canadian Academic and Nonprofit Institutions and Technology Investment Firms
® Survey Summary
AUTM Canadian Licensing Activity Survey: FY2006 Survey Summary www.autm.net
©2007 The Association of University Technology Managers®. All Rights Reserved. No part of this report may be reproduced in any form or by any electronic or mechanical means, including information storage and retrieval systems, without written permission from AUTM. Association of University Technology Managers®, AUTM® and are registered trademarks of the Association of University Technology Managers. AUTM Licensing Activity Survey™ is a trademark of AUTM.
3 AUTM Canadian Licensing Activity Survey: FY2005
Letter from Dear AUTM members and colleagues, the AUTM AUTM is proud to release this summary report of the AUTM Canadian Licensing Activity President Survey™: FY2006. The dedicated work of many people makes the Survey possible and AUTM expresses its gratitude to them, as well as the 39 Canadian research performing institutions who responded to it; a record number of respondents to the Canadian Survey. The Survey reflects the ongoing efforts of AUTM to inform the public about the activities of academic technology transfer professionals and to enhance their understanding of the context in which these activities take place. The impact of technology transfer is not in mere numbers reflecting the activities of offices, but rather in the benefit to the Canadian public of the new products introduced by our licensing partners to the marketplace in 2006. As professionals, we are excited by the 471 new relationships formed by licensing between companies and respondent institutions including more than 30 startups contributing to local economic development. Currently 1,138 active relationships are reflected, and our members have reported licensing income levels not seen since 2001. This income rewards institutions, students and faculty for their contributions to the supply chain of innovation. With the support of federal and provincial programs to enhance commercialization and technology transfer activities, employment in technology transfer grew to new levels in FY2006. Though employment has increased, in general a relatively small group of professionals manages the intellectual property generated by the faculty, students and staff of institutions conducting nearly $5 billion (Canadian) in research.
4 Survey Summary
The AUTM Canadian Licensing Activity Survey: FY2006 provides a window onto the activities of AUTM’s members and the institutions they serve. Our institutions transfer knowledge in many ways and we recognize that these numbers are just a part of the actual contributions from research performed at them. While no single set of measures can capture the full contribution of our institutions to society, nor capture the complex movement of research into use that benefits the people of Canada, we hope that you as the consumer of the information in this summary still find it useful.
Patrick Jones, Ph.D. AUTM President www.autm.net
5 AUTM Canadian Licensing Activity Survey: FY2006
Letter from Dear AUTM Members and Colleagues, AUTM VP I am very pleased to present the AUTM Canadian Licensing Activity Survey: FY2006. Canada I would like to acknowledge and thank the three Canadians who have worked so hard on the AUTM Metrics and Surveys Committee throughout 2006-07: • Sean Flanigan, University of Ottawa; Chair – FY2006 Canadian Licensing Activity Survey (and co-editor) • Tanya G. Glavicic-Théberge, McGill University • Tanya Moxley, Springboard This is the third year AUTM has published an individual summary report for Canada. The Canadian technology transfer profession has truly come of age over the past five years, as is evidenced in this survey. The survey responses show many areas of success such as: • There are now more people working in tech transfer in Canada than has ever been reported by our respondents; • Licensing income has returned to levels reported in 2001 and set a new record for total licensing revenue reported; and • The number of institutions participating in the AUTM Canadian Licensing Activity Survey reached a new high in 2006. Inclusion of data reported in the AUTM U.S. Licensing Activity Survey: FY2006 Summary shows that, in many areas, technology transfer is making an impact. Specifically, Canada is still reaping the benefit of an increase in research funding from our provincial and federal governments, leading to a subsequent increase in the number of technology disclosures received by the technology transfer offices (TTOs). There also was an increase in the number of full-time licensing professionals employed by respondents, an increase in patent applications and more licenses. However, it appears that in Canada, the financial climate for startups has still not recovered from the 2000-2001 near simultaneous collapse in the Internet, telecommunications and biotechnology sectors.
6 Survey Summary
Despite accomplishments, academic technology transfer is an arduous, sometimes grueling, process that requires time before results are realized. A few institutions may achieve deals that are financial blockbusters, but these have often taken many years to bear fruit. Most institutions eventually see a modest financial return from their activities after 10 to 15 years. So why do we engage in technology transfer? We hope that this year’s survey vignettes, along with the Better World Reports, will help readers place academic research commercialization into context and more fully understand why technology transfer professionals are committed to their work. As Stuart Howe pointed out in a previous survey, “Getting research results to the public is, quite simply, the reason technology transfer professionals are passionate about their work.” I feel that this is even more true today as more technology makes it onto the market and we, as professionals, can see the fruits of the work from the research community as well as our labor in the commercialization of their technologies. AUTM is fortunate to have so many professionals who are truly passionate about what they do and who give generous amounts of time and expertise to the organization, thereby improving the caliber of technology transfer professionals, both in North America and around the world. The AUTM Annual Licensing Activity Survey is a valuable tool, not only for benchmarking between academic technology transfer offices, but also for analysis by
academics and individuals who shape Canadian public policy. We have included a new www.autm.net selection of vignettes this year to show commercialization activity from every province across Canada, from universities, hospitals and colleges. Special thanks goes to: • Sean Flanigan, who has co-edited this report. Together we encourage all Canadian universities, hospitals and colleges to participate in future surveys. We are keen to continue to see the survey grow from strength to strength. As Sean says, “Good numbers count.”
7 AUTM Canadian Licensing Activity Survey: FY2006
• The term of Ray Hoemsen, Red River College/NSERC and Barbara Eccles, J.D., Lakehead Unversity, compiled the vignettes from the universities and hospitals, and increased the number of contributions from the colleges. • Tanya G. Glavicic-Théberge of the Office of Technology Transfer at McGill University, an active member of the committee for the past few years, will be assuming the responsibility for the survey and report commencing with the FY2007 activity. • Tanya Moxley has been helpful, even while off the committee, in bringing a tremendous amount of respondents to the survey from Atlantic Canada and, this year, agreed to join the committee and add her skills to drafting this report.
Caroline Bruce, University of British Columbia 2006-2008 AUTM Vice President for Canada
8 Survey Summary
Acknowledgements for U.S. and Canadian AUTM Surveys I am pleased to present the third Canadian AUTM Annual Licensing Activity Survey report; while AUTM is an international organization, and licensing activity surveys are conducted across the globe, the U.S. and Canadian surveys are conducted together each year. This year’s Canadian report discusses the unique environment of Canada. North America provides for some commonality between U.S. and Canadian technology transfer, but the funding and ownership elements are often different across the borders. Geography does not impact how AUTM members see their efforts rewarded through the creation of more startup companies, more academic research-based products released to the public and more active relationships with companies (through licenses to develop and/or release products). AUTM members enable this activity by managing an institution’s intellectual property, providing advice or managing research or clinical agreements with companies, making research tools widely available to other researchers and participating or leading discussions that foster greater university–industry collaboration, among other activities. This Summary report for Canada, prepared by the 2006 AUTM Metrics & Surveys Committee and the Social Impact Vignettes Sub-Committee, represents an initial step in providing non-practitioners greater insight into the academic technology transfer process and data meaningful to that effort. The United States has released their own Survey
Summary report from the Annual Licensing Activity Survey. www.autm.net Dana Bostrom, Sean Flanigan and Caroline Bruce as editors of the Canadian report, thank the following individuals for their participation in making this Survey Summary possible.
9 AUTM Canadian Licensing Activity Survey: FY2006
Metrics & Surveys Committee Tanya Moxley Christine Burke Springboard University of California Robin Rasor Patricia Cotton, Ph.D. University of Michigan University of California Patrick Reed, Georgia Tech Research Corporation Kevin Cullen, Ph.D. Ken Sherman, University of Nevada, Las Vegas University of Glasgow Robert Tieckelmann, The Research Foundation of Tanya G. Glavicic-Théberge State University of New York McGill University William Tucker, Ph.D., University of California Jodi Hecht, Ph.D. Deanna Vandiver, Louisiana State University Health Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Sciences Center Alice Li Andrew R.O. Watson, Ph.D., Oregon Health Cornell University & Science University Marcel Mongeon Mongeon Consulting Inc.
We also thank the Social Impact Vignettes Sub-Committee, and all the authors of these vignettes at the host institutions, for helping show the impacts of our activities.
Social Impact Vignettes Sub-Committee Barbara Eccles, J.D. Deanna Vandiver, Chair Lakehead University Louisiana State University Health Ray Hoemsen Sciences Center Red River College Nikki Borman Rakhi Juneja Borman and Company LLC University of Michigan Jennifer Cook Laura Savatski University of Mississippi Blood Center of Wisconsin
10 Survey Summary
And, as always, the survey would not be possible without the dedication and effort of Rick and Nola Colman, who are the masters of the technology behind the survey, follow-up and data verification, and data production.
Sincerely,
Dana Bostrom AUTM Vice President for Metrics & Surveys Portland State University
Editors
Caroline Bruce, Ph.D. University of British Columbia AUTM Vice President for Canada www.autm.net
Sean Flanigan University of Ottawa AUTM Assistant Vice President for Metrics & Surveys, Canada
11 AUTM Canadian Licensing Activity Survey: FY2006
Introduction Welcome back to the improved AUTM Annual Licensing Activity Survey Summary. You will and Overview immediately notice that we have not made any substantial changes from the FY2005 report which, in and of itself, represented significant change for this annual publication. Where we have made changes for FY2006 is not in what you are reading, or how it is presented, but rather in when you are reviewing these numbers. Our committee members accepted and publicized a very aggressive timetable for the collection, consolidation and publication of these reports for 2006 because we continue to strive for greater usability and relevance for our stakeholders. In releasing this report barely six months after it opened for the submission of responses, we trust that you will be better able to reflect upon the data presented herein. The AUTM Canadian survey sub-committee members worked closely with the AUTM Metrics and Surveys Committee as a whole to evaluate all aspects of the survey, from definitions to questions, to create a survey that is more relevant for all participants. The issue of finding the appropriate metrics for technology transfer is not a Canadian issue or an American issue. It is a constant Acedemic Science Research theme in every technology transfer community that is trying to define the commercialization outcomes from Plays academia, and the effort will continue. well with others
Business, Intellectual Commercialization Property (early stage) & Contract Law The Technology Transfer Professional Knowledge and Understanding Requirements
12 Survey Summary
Technology Transfer in Canada — the Year in Review Last year we brought our community up to date with the history of technology transfer in Canada. Last year’s report now stands as the starting point for what we like to call “What Was New in 2006.” There were many changes in FY06, the timeline below helps illustrate what occurred in our community over the year. The IPM federal government program announced that 22 applications were approved in the fall of 2005 for funding (a 69 percent success rate), for a total of $17.2 million. Some of the larger projects for over $1 million are identified below along with other major awards:
May 2005 First batch of CIHR Commercialization Management interns begin working June 2005 Springboard officially launched September 2005 Intellectual Property Mobilization grants of more than $1 million awarded to: • C4 to support interaction between institutions in southwest Ontario • Atlantic Research Commercialization Network (ARCN) • Project VINCI: Valorisation innovations et du capital intellectuel in Québec • Manitoba IPM Partnership
• Ontario Partnership for Innovation & Commercialization www.autm.net • BioDiscovery Toronto November 2005 First ACCT Annual Meeting held in Ottawa March 2006 Ontario government commits $64M to commercialization over five years
13 AUTM Canadian Licensing Activity Survey: FY2006
Goals Although the missions of the Canadian technology transfer offices are as varied and unique as the people who work within their walls, there is clear agreement on one thing: our motivating force is not the money. Research institutions that undertake technology transfer activities are committed to a high level of faculty satisfaction and mutually beneficial industry relationships, that result in economic development. Effective technology transfer is driven by a desire to see investments in research and development make a difference in people's lives. In other words, they strive for the public good. The success of AUTM's Better World Project and the positive response to last year's new look for the Canadian Licensing Survey Summary report among stakeholders has shown that a good story is worth a thousand statistics. Successful technology transfer is not as much about "how much?" as it is about “what” and “how.” So this year's Licensing Activity Survey Summary report for the Canadian data will follow much the same format as last year's. We’ve added new stories of innovation, new ways that technology transfer is making a difference for individual Canadians across the country. In doing so we are allowing the development of the form and content of this report to mimic the maturation of the goals of our responding research institutions. There is no more complete data set available to those working in, supporting and studying technology transfer than the data compiled annually by AUTM and we shall continue to give that data the opportunity to be reviewed and analyzed.
Fresh Faces and New Relationships In 2006 AUTM’s Canadian membership grew by 55 people to a total of 343. Canadians represented 9.5 percent of AUTM's total membership in 2006. A review of the data on staffing also demonstrates that we are attracting new people to our profession as the offices and networks expand. A successful technology transfer office may be judged by many metrics. Most institutions would define success through the criterion of public benefit. Offices that return the charitable support from government and private resources to the public in the form of products and services that benefit the local (or broader) community are held in high regard
14 Survey Summary
by those communities and by their professional colleagues. To sustain the long-term relationships necessary to enable innovation transfer — and as studies such as the Milken report (Mind to Market: A Global Analysis of University Biotechnology Transfer and Commercialization, September 2006), demonstrate — staffing is a key driver to this measure of success. This Summary report describes the staffing issue and the continuing challenge for academic institutions to attract and retain qualified personnel. However, programs such as that of the Canadian Institutes for Health Research (CIHR), which target people with a business background, have been very useful in addressing this challenge. Various funding activities continue to address the retention challenge by supporting internship and training opportunities. All regional networks have active training programs; the national network, the Alliance for Commercialization of Canadian Technology (ACCT), adopted the former AUTM Basic Licensing CourseSM, and last year added an intermediate level course in commercialization to advance the education and skills of the growing field of Canadian technology transfer professionals. AUTM offers courses in executive level or advanced topics, startup business development, methods and tools for the technology transfer office, as well as special workshops at its annual meeting on marketing and valuations, to name a few. www.autm.net
15 AUTM Canadian Licensing Activity Survey: FY2006
Map of Canadian Innovation Commercialization vignettes show successful technology transfer from coast-to-coast
Yukon Territory
Northwest Territories Nunavut
British Columbia Ostara Nutrient Recovery Alberta Technologies Inc. Newfoundland Mobile & Labrador Multi-Sensor Systems Manitoba Aqua Bounty Farms BioMark Technologies Saskatchewan Inc. Top Tomatoes Quebec Ontario Molecular Prince Biometrics LLC. Edward Justice EnerWorks Inc. Island Knowledge Network
Nova Scotia SkateSIM New Brunswick Flashware
16 Survey Summary
Table of FY2006 Data Review ...... 18 Technology Transfer Employment ...... 18 Contents Research Expenditures ...... 19 Invention Reporting ...... 21 Patents ...... 23 Data Review in Context to Time ...... 26 Research to Return Lag ...... 26 Licensing Income ...... 26 Startup Companies ...... 30 New Products and Technologies from Canadian Institutions ...... 35 Data Appendix ...... 55
Nutrient Recovery Aims for A Millisecond: The Difference Protecting Underground Pipeline Clean and Green Between Good and Great Gets Boost from Mechanical The University of British Columbia Acadia University (Nova Scotia) Engineering Program (British Columbia) Page 43 Georgian College (Ontario) Page 36 Page 49 One Fish, Two Fish, Red Fish,
You Are Here, But Where is That? Fast Fish Supercritical CO2 Extraction May University of Calgary (Alberta) Memorial University of Lead to Greener Nutraceutical Page 37 Newfoundland (Newfoundland Development & Labrador) Loyalist College (Ontario) Top Tomatoes Page 44 Page 50 University of Saskatchewan (Saskatchewan) Thinking Outside the Book Protecting the Wine Before Page 38 The Hospital for Sick Children Its Time (Ontario) Niagara College (Ontario) Cancer Diagnostics Without Page 45 Page 51
a Hospital Visit www.autm.net University of Manitoba (Manitoba) An Innovative Material Handling Shocknife Teaches Weapons Page 39 Device Built for a Local Skills Safely Manufacturing Company Red River College (Manitoba) Happy to be in Hot Water College of the North Atlantic Page 52 Queen’s University (Ontario) (Newfoundland & Labrador) Page 40 Page 46 Taking a Load Off British Columbia Institute of Molecular Biometrics’ Baby Police Learn New Street Technology (British Columbia) is New IVF Test Skills Online Page 53 McGill University (Québec) Holland College Page 41 (Prince Edward Island) Page 47 Bringing Chemistry to Life University of New Brunswick Culinary Research Partnership (New Brunswick) “Compliments” Food Options Page 42 for Canadians George Brown College (Ontario) Page 48
17 AUTM Canadian Licensing Activity Survey: FY2006
FY2006 This year we celebrate a new record for the Canadian survey; the FY2006 survey contains Data Review the responses of 39 Canadian universities, hospitals or colleges. You will note that in our Data Appendix (page 55) there are 38 respondents. Respondents may request that their data, while included in the aggregate, be excluded from the identifiable sections of the report. For FY2006, one respondent selected this option.
Technology Transfer Employment The responding institutions had offices that ranged in age from zero (formed in 2006) to 26 years. With a number of smaller and younger institutions reporting for the first time in this 2006 survey, the average age fell to 12.2 years, compared with last year’s 13.5 years.
Figure C-1. Historical Staffing Levels of Canadian Offices of Technology Transfer, FY1992–20061
Licensing FTEs Other FTEs
200
180
160
140
120
100
80 No. of Staff
60
40
20 N/A* 0 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Program Year
1The FTE Question asked in the FY1996 Survey was not consistent with the question asked in subsequent years. For FY1992 – 95, two
questions were asked, one of which was consistent with the 1997 and subsequent questions.
18 Survey Summary
Staffing in TTOs has increased slightly from FY2005. This change, however, is somewhat skewed as 75 percent of this increase is attributed to eight institutions reporting in FY2006 that didn’t report in FY2005. Over the past five years, on average, the growth in licensing full-time equivalents has increased twice as fast as the growth in support staff (avg. 16 percent vs. 8 percent).
Research Expenditures Research expenditures rose 12 percent between FY2005 and FY2006 and federal grant funding remained as the primary source of these funds. Tracked over the past 10 years, the level of “Tests indicate that commitment of federal funding, which can be seen [CrystalGreen™] could soon to have grown in real dollars over this period, has be one of the most also remained at a fairly consistent level (44 to 49 sought after products in percent) over the period. Complimenting federal the agricultural market.” research grants have been provincial and regional initiatives that have seen new dollars dedicated to research as well as to the development of potentially commercially viable research results. www.autm.net
British Columbia — UBC Nutrient Recovery Aims for Clean and Green
A spin-off company out of The University of British Columbia (UBC), is providing green solutions to deal with excessive accumulation of nutrients in the environment. Ostara has developed a fluidized bed reactor that removes problematic phosphorous at wastewater treatment plants and more recently in ethanol production plants. The by-product formed is struvite, a slow-release fertilizer that has proved to be a high-grade, environmentally-sound, ultra slow release fertilizer, and is branded as Crystal GreenTM. Tests indicate that it could soon be one of the most sought after products in the agricultural market.
See full story on page 36. 19 AUTM Canadian Licensing Activity Survey: FY2006
Figure C-2. Total Research Expenditures
$5,000
$4,500
$4,000
$3,500
$3,000
$2,500
$2,000 $ in Millions ($CAD)
$1,500
$1,000
$500
$0
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Program Year
Sponsored research agreements, or contract research, remains an essential third pillar in the growth of overall research expenditures for the current year and for future years. Following the downturn in the high-tech industry in 2001 the level of research and development expenditures by Canadian companies experienced a significant reduction. Industrially sponsored research conducted at Canadian institutions has always been a subset of the overall research and development expenditures of Canadian industry and, as such, the level of institutional sponsorship necessarily experiences a commensurate decline. However, in the context of sustained government funding there has been a reported resurgence of corporate research and development expenditures that, with time, can be expected to see a revival of the previously stronger level of cooperation and collaboration between Canadian corporations and Canadian institutions.
20 Survey Summary
Invention Reporting Our responding institutions reported an increase in formal invention disclosures of just above 7 percent with 1,535 disclosures received. Once again the responding institutions have delivered record results in one of the most fundamental measures of the impact of research across Canada. FY2006 marks a five-year trend — and the eighth year of the last 10 — during which there has been reported increase in inventions disclosed. In order for
Institutions Reporting Highest Number of Disclosures
Respondent Invention Disclosures
Univ. of British Columbia 180 Univ. of Toronto 165 Univ. of Guelph 152 www.autm.net
Alberta — University of Calgary Mobile Multi-Sensor Systems Technology for a new process for fractionating cereal grains has been developed at the University of Calgary. The most important product derived from this new technique is beta-glucan, a naturally occurring dietary fiber that can be found in the cell walls of oat and barley. Beta-glucan has a number of human health benefits including the ability to reduce serum cholesterol and activate immune response through macrophage immune cells, which may prompt various therapeutic effects. It is anticipated that beta-glucan may soon help diabetics manage blood-sugar levels. For more information on Cevena Bioproducts, Inc. see page 37.
21 AUTM Canadian Licensing Activity Survey: FY2006
patents to be filed or other statutory protection to be sought, licenses to be executed, and licensing revenue to be received, there must first be communication of the research result to the technology transfer office. With this step, the technology transfer office, regardless of intellectual property policies or research intensity, has the opportunity to work with a researcher to begin to examine the potential for the commercialization of their invention. As can be seen in Figure C-3, the continued increase in the number of invention disclosures can be viewed as one measure of innovation in Canada.
Figure C-3. Invention Disclosures Received
$2,000
$1,500
$1,000
$500 Disclosures ($CAD) Disclosures
$0
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Program Year
22 Survey Summary
Patents Patent application activity is measured in two separate sections of the annual survey: New Patent Activity [See Table C-1] and Applications by Type [See Table C-2]. In examining the data it is important to recall that the number of respondents for these distinct measurements can vary; again this year there are fewer respondents reporting the detailed breakdown of their applications by type than are simply reporting their overall applications. The total number of new patent applications reported for FY2006 stayed essentially the same as in the previous year. There were 687 applications reported in FY2006 and 685 in FY2005.
Table C-1. Patent Applications Filed, FY1996–FY2006
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Number of Respondents 14 16 19 19 21 27 33 36 34 36 38
New Patent 137 190 203 206 240 415 422 425 572 685 687 Applications Filed www.autm.net
Saskatchewan — University of Saskatchewan Top Tomatoes Tomatoes are grown in nearly every part of the world for both fresh market and processing. Of vegetable crops in the United States, the value of tomato production is second only to corn. Biology Professor Vipen Sawhney isolated the photoperiod- sensitive, male-sterile line known as 7B-1. The 7B-1 line combines multiple attributes, which makes it valuable for commercial utility in hybrid seed production. To date, the use of 7B-1 for production and sale of hybrid tomato seed has been licensed non-exclusively to a commercial enterprise in Italy, and recently three seed companies in the U.S. and Japan have received the seed for evaluation. See full story on page 38.
23 AUTM Canadian Licensing Activity Survey: FY2006
The level of discrete patent application types for FY2006 declined in two of three major categories as can be seen in Table C-2. While provisional applications were up 15 percent over the previous year, utility and non-U.S. filings recorded declines of 27 percent and 32 percent respectively. It can reasonably be expected that with increasing workloads in many respondent institutions there has been an increase in the reliance upon provisional filings as a means of deferring the cost of full patent applications, while actively reviewing the market to gauge the level of interest from industry, and applying for additional proof of principle funding to help validate the technology. The decline in utility applications can be explained partially by an increase in the offices’ reviews of the costs to enter broad patent coverage and market viability of the technology in the market. While there is discussion in technology transfer circles as to the advisability of using provisional patent applications in this manner, as Canadian respondents come to grapple with the expectations of researchers submitting an ever increasing number of disclosures per year and the cost of full patent filings, the practice is common in Canada and the United States.
Institutions Reporting Highest Number of Applications
Respondent New Patent Applications
Univ. of British Columbia 76 Univ. of Toronto 67 Univ. of Guelph 54
Table C-2. Total New Patent Activity for all Respondents in FY2004–FY2006
2004 Totals 2005 Totals 2006 Totals (n=31) (n=34) (n=35)
Provisional Patent Applications 328 362 418
Utility Patent Applications 83 96 70
Non-U.S. Filings 101 210 142
24 Survey Summary
Figure C-5. Time Lag Between Research Funding, Invention Disclosures and Patenting
$5,000 $3,000 4,742 $4,500 Total Research Expenditures $2,500 (CAD$ 1M) $4,000
$3,500 $2,000
$3,000
1,535 $1,500 $2,500 1999-Research Expenditures increase rapidly CAD$1M
$2,000 1667.63 2001-Invention Disclosures increase rapidly $1,000 929 $1,500 1166.18 687 2003-New Patent Applications Invention Disclosures $1,000 increase rapidly Disclosures Applications/Invention No. of Patent 509 425 $500
$500 137 New Patent Applications $0 $0
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Program Year www.autm.net
Manitoba — University of Manitoba Cancer Diagnostics Without a Hospital Visit BioMark Technologies Inc. has licensed an innovative cancer technology — a new type of cancer diagnostic assay — developed at the University of Manitoba. The technology is a diagnostic test that can determine the presence of a specific cancer enzyme — SSAT. This technology fits within BioMark’s mission “to revolutionize the way that cancers are researched, screened, diagnosed and ultimately treated by introducing a new platform of portable screening tools and reader devices that can be [used] in medical offices, cancer screening clinics and other non-hospital locations.” See full story on page 39.
25 AUTM Canadian Licensing Activity Survey: FY2006
Data Research to Return Lag Review in As highlighted for the first time last year, the significance of core research funding to Context subsequent commercialization success must be reiterated for this year. Much has been to Time made of the chart delivered last year that essentially demonstrated that when you combine increased and sustained funding for core research, a bit of time and more technology transfer personnel, increased results are achieved. Figure C-5 shows this relationship of dependency and will be a central point of examination of the success of the Canadian experience in future reports.
Table C-3. New Patents Filed, Research Expenditures and Invention Disclosures
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 New Patent Applications 137 190 203 206 240 415 422 425 572 685 687 Filed Total Research Expenditures 1166.18 1449.33 1568.99 1667.63 2065.08 2784.62 3221.16 3561.47 4067.96 4234.03 4722.04 (CAD$1M) Invention Disclosures 509 690 797 717 957 933 1,175 1,282 1,307 1,433 1,535 Received
Licensing Income For FY2006 our responding Canadian institutions have surpassed the previously reported record year of 2001. Not since FY2001 have Canadian institutions received in excess of $65M in total licensing income and 14 of our responding institutions reported license income in excess of $1M. With the return to more significant annual income there is speculation as to whether or not this level of income is sustainable. This is difficult to predict accurately as some institutions are either new to reporting or have missed reporting at least once over the last five years. In order to better gauge the likelihood that licensing income will continue to rise one should examine the three-year rolling averages of licensing income for the five years since our previous record year in 2001.
26 Survey Summary
Figure C-6. License Income Received
$70,000
$60,000
$50,000
$40,000
$30,000 (CAD $1,000) (CAD
$20,000
$10,000
$0
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 Program Year
Table C-4. Fiscal Year 2006 License and Option Activity
FY2004 Distribution FY2005 Distribution FY2006 Distribution (n=34) (n=36) (n=39)
New Options NA 62 88
New Exclusive Licenses 270 164 165
New Non-Exclusive Licenses 274 339 218
Note: This table represents the distribution of agreement types rather than the total number of agreements. www.autm.net
Ontario — Queen’s University Happy to be in Hot Water Dr. Stephen Harrison, a solar energy researcher at Queen’s University, developed novel technologies for improving reliability and performance of solar hot water heaters that has resulted in an innovative system now being installed across North America. When fully integrated on any conventional hot water tank, this solar thermal product reduces home
water-heating costs by up to 50 percent, reduces CO2 emissions, and decreases demand on the electrical power grid. The system is exclusively licensed to EnerWorks Inc., a renewable energy appliance company based in Ontario. The system received the U.S. Solar Rating and Certification Corporation’s SRCC OG-100 certification, having achieved the highest per-unit area energy rating when compared to all other certified technologies. See full story on page 40.,863,816 27 AUTM Canadian Licensing Activity Survey: FY2006
Prior to 2001, the increase in the three-year rolling average of licensing income rose at 8.23 percent, 38.32 percent and 59.93 percent respectively. As the economies of the U.S. and Canada generally suffered from the effects of the high-tech collapse of 2001, we can call on hindsight at this point and suggest that these increases in licensing income were likely not sustainable. The dramatic decline in 2002 and the slow recovery to the levels reported in this year’s figures lend credibility to this suggestion. When we look, however, at the increases in the rolling averages for the three years leading up to FY2006 and its record level of income we see a much more modest trend of -5.02 percent, .82 percent and 4.47 percent spread over more respondents than have ever reported licensing income in the past. In using licensing income as measurement of success, or as an indication of technology transfer having an impact in the Canadian economy, it is not too controversial a suggestion that the licensing income reported in future surveys will depend upon the number of licenses executed that are capable of delivering income to Canada’s responding institutions.
Institutions Reporting Highest Licensing Income
Respondent License Income Received
Univ. of Sherbrooke $16,979,521 Univ. of British Columbia $15,982,962 Western, Lawson and Robarts $4,790,611
Table C-5. License Income Received by Canadian Respondents, FY2000–FY2006
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Number of Respondents 22 27 33 35 34 36 38
License Income Received $36,904,152 $65,137,356 $51,498,283 $57,684,700 $56,392,938 $52,863,816 $65,863,816 (CAD$)
28 Survey Summary
Table C-4 shows that the number of new, exclusive, licenses stayed essentially the same as in FY2005. As exclusive licenses are recognized as potentially more valuable to licensors, it can be expected that these new licenses, combined with those that remain active from previous years will provide a good source of reportable income for our respondents in the future. This table, however, also demonstrates that the combined number of options, non- exclusive and exclusive licenses executed dropped by approximately 18 percent over FY2005 but the decline was completely localized as a decline in the number of non-exclusive licenses. It should be noted, also, that in FY2005 one of our responding institutions reported a significant number of new licenses and options granted (192) while for the current reporting year this same respondent has reported a much smaller number of new licenses (79). Despite the fact that the FY2006 survey saw a record number of respondents, there are still a relative few potential respondents as compared with the U.S. survey and, as such, annual trending analysis can fall victim to significantly high, or low, numbers in any given year by any one institution. www.autm.net
Québec — McGill University Molecular Biometrics’ Baby is New IVF Test Molecular Biometrics, four years in the making at McGill, is now headquartered in New Jersey and recently opened a subsidiary in Montreal to tap into regional research capacity and act as a distribution channel for its products in Canada. The product is a non-invasive test to identify embryos capable of producing successful in vitro fertilization (IVF) pregnancies. Current embryo screening methods are inexact, relying on visual examination of the embryo’s appearance. In contrast, the new ViaTest-E analyzes the culture medium that bathes the developing in vitro embryo. The test promises to increase IVF success rates, while decreasing occurrences of multiple births by reducing the need to simultaneously implant several fertilized egg cells. The company consolidated intellectual property emerging from the Jewish General Hospital and McGill University. See full story on page 41. 29 AUTM Canadian Licensing Activity Survey: FY2006
Startup Companies In 2006, early stage corporate finance in Canada did not achieve marked advancement over the previous year. As reported by Thomson Financial in Table C-6, the decrease in the level of venture capital deals done in FY06 stayed essentially the same at $1.69 billion, so it is not surprising that new startup companies are having problems. It appears that what venture capital money there is has moved further up the investment chain to the B and C rounds of financing. Startup companies created as a result of the research done at universities have always been a small subset of the new companies formed and financed in Canada in any given year. Where there is generally a tightness in the financing available there is a tendency to look to other forms of technology transfer such as licenses or research collaborations. In light of the overall continued tightness in the financial markets in 2006 it is not surprising that our responding institutions did not report an increase, or even a maintenance, of previous years’
Institutions Reporting Highest Number of Startups
Respondent Startup Companies
Univ. of Ottawa 7 Univ. of British Columbia 7 Western, Lawson and Robarts 3
Table C-6. Venture Capital Investments and Fundraising, FY2003–FY2006
2003 2004 2005 2006
Investments (CAD$1B) 1.69 1.84 1.68 1.69
Fundraising (CAD$1B) 1.97 1.78 2.22 1.64
Source: Thomson Financial Canada 2007.
30 Survey Summary
levels of new startup ventures. For the third consecutive year there was a decline of startup companies formed around technologies developed at responding institutions but the pace of decline seems to have abated somewhat. The 31 new companies created over this reporting period represent a 14 percent decline from FY2005 to FY2006 while the rate of decline had been 20 percent from FY2004 to FY2005. It is also worth noting that the committed new funds and programs of the federal and provincial governments, such as NSERC’s Ideas to
Figure C-8. Startup Companies Formed
80
70
60
50
40
30 No. of Companies
20
10
$0
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 Program Year www.autm.net
New Brunswick — University of New Brunswick Bringing Chemistry to Life While teaching chemistry, Dr. Ghislain Deslongchamps was surprised to find that even the brightest students struggled to conceptualize chemical reactions at the molecular level. He realized that students needed help to visualize dynamic chemical concepts so he developed a novel concept into more than 130 multimedia animations called Organic Chemistry Flashware™. Thomson Nelson, a leading provider of books and online resources for the educational market, saw its value and helped Deslongchamps shape the final product so it would be market-ready. In a matter of months, Thomson Nelson signed a worldwide, exclusive license for Organic Chemistry Flashware™. See full story on page 42.,863,816
31 AUTM Canadian Licensing Activity Survey: FY2006
Innovation and Ontario’s Market Readiness, have also created opportunities for early-stage funding to validate technologies inside universities whereas previously such work would have been done within a startup company if any financing whatsoever was obtained. Programs such as CIHR’s POP are having much the same impact upon technologies in the
Table C-7. Number of Companies Receiving Venture Capital, by Province, FY2005–FY2006
2005 2006
British Columbia 57 52
Alberta 25 16
Saskatchewan 17 8
Manitoba 17 15
Ontario 156 118
Québec 263 179
New Brunswick 14 5
Nova Scotia 7 9
Prince Edward Island 2 0
Newfoundland and Labrador 1 2
Source: Thomson Financial Canada 2007.
Nova Scotia — Acadia University Going from Good to Great on the Ice Often the difference between a good hockey player and a great one can be categorized by milliseconds. That’s partly what inspired a group at Acadia University to develop a unique skating simulator designed to improve acceleration times for hockey players. SkateSIM®, the resulting off-ice skate simulator product, targets specific muscle groups and movements involved in skating acceleration. After successful testing on campus athletes and minor and junior hockey teams in Nova Scotia and Ontario, it has been purchased by an NHL team for off-ice training. See full story on page 43.,863,816
32 Survey Summary
Table C-8. Percentage of Venture Capital Deals by the Firm’s Stage of Development
2001-2004 2005 2006
Seed and Startup 24 13 15
Other Early-stage* 32 40 28
Later Stages 44 47 57
Source: Thomson Financial Canada 2007. life sciences as they can now be virtually incubated within researchers’ labs without having to incur the added financial and administrative burdens of being placed into a startup company at the first opportunity. The likely result of these well-positioned programs is that while the commercialization path for supported technologies does ultimately depend upon the creation of a startup company, those companies will have the benefit of more fully developed technologies and thereafter have a greater opportunity to be sustainable in the long term. Another way to examine the climate in which university startup companies are operating is to look at two other data sets, namely the stage of the deals that were done and the geographic distribution of deals during the reporting year. [See the federal government’s “SME Financing Data Initiative” www.ic.gc.ca/epic/site/sme_fdi-prf_pme.nsf/en/home]. www.autm.net
Newfoundland & Labrador — Memorial University of Newfoundland One Fish, Two Fish, Red Fish, Fast Fish As consumers search for more environmentally friendly and heart-healthy eating options, there is an increasing demand for fish, leading to over fishing and aquaculture difficulties. The Aqua Bounty fast growth fish may be the solution the world is looking for. This development, utilizing on-land tanks with re-circulating water, has been viewed as a breakthrough technology to feed a hungry world overcoming over-fishing as well as many of the environmental problems often attributed to aquaculture. Researchers developed a fish capable of growing two times faster than normal while consuming less feed than normal fish. This patented technology was licensed, and led to the formation of Aqua Bounty Farms, a spin-off company of the Genesis Group of Memorial University. See full story on page 44. 33 AUTM Canadian Licensing Activity Survey: FY2006
As can be seen in Table C-8, once again, the percentage of venture capital deals that are going to the earliest staged companies, where university startups are found, continues to be at levels well below those found in the cumulative period of FY2001 through FY2004 as venture firms continue with follow-on rounds to support earlier investments that are already within their portfolios. As is clear from Table C-7, the reduced level of venture financing received over the 2006 reporting year was not localized to any particular region. Only Nova Scotia and Newfoundland and Labrador were able to show very marginal increases in the number of deals done while the numbers fell in every other province. Based on the requirement of university startups to have access to follow-on capital as necessary, the 2006 figures suggest that there were few, if any, safe havens across the country for such funding. As such, the lower level of startup activity should be carefully considered in light of the prevailing weak early stage venture capital environment.
34 Survey Summary
New Products and Technologies from Canadian Institutions
We are very proud to include vignettes collected from Canadian universities, hospitals and colleges. While most of the vignettes are new this year, we have also included one or two vignettes from AUTM’s 2006 Better World Project so that our readers can get the full flavor of activities from across all provinces of Canada, in every area of science and research. The important role of research in a university’s educational environment cannot be overstated; this role has become a key component for hospitals and, now, colleges. These Canadian success stories highlight the remarkable diversity and utility of their efforts. www.autm.net
Prince Edward Island — Holland College E-Learning for Frontline Police Officers The Justice Knowledge Network at Holland College is the leading edge of online learning technologies for police. JKN works directly with the Canadian police sector to develop e-learning solutions that meet priority training needs of front- line officers. In 2006, JKN built and released Collision Investigation Level II and Basic Investigation Skills in association with the Atlantic Police Academy and the Cape Breton Regional Police Service, respectively. JKN has refined the processes associated with the design, development, and evaluation of training solutions in a Web-based environment for maximum efficiency. See full story on page 47.,863,816
35 AUTM Canadian Licensing Activity Survey: FY2006
Vignettes — Universities
The University of British Columbia (British Columbia) Nutrient Recovery Aims for Clean and Green According to 2005 statistics from the United Nations, the accumulation of nutrients discharged into the environment is one of the most significant environmental challenges facing the planet. Ostara Nutrient Recovery Technologies Inc., a spin-off company out of The University of British Columbia (UBC), is providing green solutions to deal with this excessive accumulation of nutrients in the environment. Founded around technology developed in UBC’s Department of Civil Engineering by Dr. Don Mavinic, Ostara has developed a fluidized bed reactor that removes problematic phosphorous at wastewater treatment plants. In addition to preventing environmental harm, removing phosphorous is also very appealing to the actual treatment plants, as it prevents the build-up of a hard substance called struvite that coats the treatment pipes, pumps and other equipment, leading to difficult and expensive repairs. Several regions in North America have successfully installed the new reactors. The pilot-scale reactor has also been introduced to some ethanol production plants, which have run the “stillage” wastewater through and have extracted excellent struvite. The initial UBC research was aimed at creating a regular supply of slow-release fertilizer, and indeed, the byproduct of this process — struvite — does create a high-grade, environmentally-sound, ultra slow release fertilizer, now branded as Crystal GreenTM. Tests of Crystal GreenTM at leading fertilizer research facilities at North Carolina State and Virginia Tech have indicated that it could soon be one of the most sought-after products in the agricultural market.
36 aiding sensors data for vehicles andpersonal navigationapplications. provides optimalestimation andcombination ofinertialmeasurement unit(IMU),GPSand Aided InertialNavigationSoftware (AINS)—atoolbox oflibraries for Matlabwhich • mapping applications; and software for managingandprocessing GPSandINSdata for positioning,navigationand Kinematic GeodeticSoftware for Position andAttitudeDetermination (KINGSPAD+) — • applications to market for licensing. Technologies International (UTI),Dr. El-Sheimyhasbrought anumberofsoftware airborne mobile navigation.Withmarketing andlicensing support from University systems (GIS)applications. for position, location, navigation,altitudedetermination andgeographic information has developed integrated software to determine optimalcombinations ofmulti-sensors Naser El-Sheimy,CanadianResearch ChairintheDepartmentofGeomaticsEngineering, The Mobile Multi-SensorSystems research group attheUniversity ofCalgary,underDr. You Are Here, ButWhere isThat? University ofCalgary(Alberta) Current technologies include: Integration schemesare performed for personal, road vehicle, ship-borneand 37 37
www.autm.net AUTM Canadian Licensing Activity Survey: FY2006
University of Saskatchewan (Saskatchewan) Top Tomatoes Tomatoes are grown in nearly every part of the world for both fresh market use and processing. Of vegetable crops in the United States, the value of tomato production is second only to corn. United States’ 2005 tomato harvest statistics showed a total production in excess of 12.8 million metric tons, approximately 86 percent being consumed by the processing industry, with 14 percent going to the fresh tomato market. The value of that harvest was approximately $2.2 billion. The World Processing Tomato Council reports the worldwide production of tomatoes in 2006 at 30.1 million metric tons. University Biology Professor Vipen Sawhney has been conducting research on male sterility in tomatoes for more than 30 years. Fifteen years ago he isolated the photoperiod- sensitive, male-sterile line known as 7B-1. The 7B-1 line combines multiple attributes that makes it valuable for commercial utility in hybrid seed production. Hybrid seed is a significant input cost for individual tomato producers. The use of tomato line 7B-1 eliminates this cost, offering a better margin for the producer and reduced price for the consumer. In addition, because of the 100 percent guaranteed male-sterility of the parent line 7B- 1, the seed is entirely hybrid, which optimizes uniformity and, therefore, the quality and value of the harvested crop. To date, the use of 7B-1 for production and sale of hybrid tomato seed has been licensed non-exclusively to a commercial enterprise in Italy, and recently three seed companies in United States and Japan have received the seed for evaluation.
38 Survey Summary
University of Manitoba (Manitoba) Cancer Diagnostics Without a Hospital Visit BioMark Technologies Inc. has licensed an innovative cancer technology developed at the University of Manitoba. BioMark acquired exclusive rights to develop and market a new type of cancer diagnostic assay invented by Dr. Daniel S. Sitar, professor and head of the department of pharmacology and therapeutics at the University of Manitoba. The technology is a diagnostic test that can determine the presence of a specific cancer enzyme — SSAT. According to BioMark, the technology fits within the company’s mission “to revolutionize the way that cancers are researched, screened, diagnosed and ultimately treated by introducing a new platform of portable screening tools and reader devices that can be [used] in medical offices, cancer screening clinics and other non- hospital locations.” BioMark is working with the Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals in conducting some of the early testing and validation studies of the technology. BioMark’s CEO said, “This collaboration demonstrates BioMark's commitment to work with research communities and within the university environment.” BioMark is building a community of investors for their technology from around the world, including Taiwan, China and Germany. The company is located in Smartpark, a community of innovators in conjunction with the research expertise and strategies of the University of Manitoba. www.autm.net
39 AUTM Canadian Licensing Activity Survey: FY2006
Queen’s University (Ontario) Happy to be in Hot Water Dr. Stephen Harrison, a solar energy researcher at Queen’s University developed novel technologies for improving reliability and performance of solar hot water heaters, which have resulted in an innovative system now being installed across North America. When fully integrated on any conventional hot water tank, this solar thermal product
reduces home water-heating costs by up to 50 percent, reduces CO2 emissions, and decreases demand on the electrical power grid. The system is exclusively licensed to EnerWorks Inc., a renewable energy appliance company based in London, Ontario, by PARTEQ Innovations, the technology transfer office of Queen’s. This system addresses two significant problems in the production of commercially viable solar hot water heaters, namely, sediment buildup and overheating. The product’s back-flushing system eliminates mineral buildup in the unit’s heat exchanger, even in the hardest water conditions, and its self-limiting solar collector prevents overheating during hot weather. These innovations have been rewarded with six patents worldwide, with additional patents pending, providing a cost-competitive alternative to traditional hot water heating technology. This solar domestic hot water heater delivers clean energy for about $0.06 cents per kilowatt hour, providing the
environmental benefit of reducing one metric ton of CO2 emissions per unit per year. Last year EnerWorks became the first manufacturer in the solar thermal industry in North America to receive Canadian Standards Association certification for its products. The system also received the U.S. Solar Rating and Certification Corporation’s SRCC OG- 100 certification, having achieved the highest per-unit area energy rating compared to all other certified technologies.
40 Survey Summary
McGill University (Québec) Molecular Biometrics’ Baby is New IVF Test Molecular Biometrics, the startup brainchild of McGill University Chemistry Professor David Burns and colleagues, have developed a non-invasive test to identify embryos capable of producing successful in vitro fertilization (IVF) pregnancies. IVF is one of the primary treatments of infertility; the technique involves removing egg cells, fertilizing the cells, then implanting them in the uterus. This company has been four years in the making at McGill and was finally incorporated in 2006, with its headquarters in New Jersey and a subsidiary in Montreal to tap into the regional research capacity and act as a distribution channel for its products in Canada. One unique aspect of the company is that it consolidates intellectual property emerging from the Faculty of Science, The Lady Davis Institute of the Jewish General Hospital and McGill’s MacDonald’s campus. Current embryo screening methods are inexact, relying on visual examination of the embryo's appearance. In contrast, the new ViaTest-E analyzes the culture medium that bathes the developing in vitro embryo. Burns used spectroscopic analysis to examine the molecular composition of the culture medium three to five days after IVF. These studies, conducted in collaboration with members of Molecular Biometrics' Scientific Advisory Board, led to the development of ViaTest-E. The project expands on earlier research
collaborations with Kristine Koski, professor in the School of Dietetics and Human www.autm.net Nutrition, and Dr. Hyman Schipper, professor in the Faculty of Medicine and the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery. “What we found was a very tight correlation between the probability of implantation and certain measurable properties in the culture medium or fluid,” says Burns. “Basically, we are determining how metabolically active each embryo is in the culture.” The test promises to increase IVF success rates, while decreasing occurrences of multiple births by reducing the need to simultaneously implant several fertilized egg cells. And that’s welcome news, indeed, for prospective parents.
41 AUTM Canadian Licensing Activity Survey: FY2006
University of New Brunswick (New Brunswick) Bringing Chemistry to Life As a boy, Dr. Ghislain Deslongchamps was fascinated with 3-D models of molecules, which likely served as the impetus for his life-long love of organic chemistry, but with a twist. When teaching chemistry from a blackboard or a textbook, Deslongchamps was surprised to find that even the brightest students struggled to conceptualize chemical reactions at the molecular level. He realized that students needed help to visualize dynamic chemical concepts. Over a six-year period, Deslongchamps grew this novel concept into more than 130 multimedia animations called Organic Chemistry Flashware™. When he presented Flashware™ at an international forum that highlighted frontier research in science and their related technologies, forum delegates began asking how they could buy it. Springboard’s Proof-of-Concept program provided $20,000 to help bring his technology to market and its Interns in Innovation program allowed the university to hire Joshua Samuel, a technology transfer officer who had several years of licensing experience in the publishing industry. Drawing on Samuel’s contacts at Canada’s largest educational publisher, they presented Flashware™ to the editorial team at Thomson Nelson, a leading provider of books and online resources for the educational market. Thomson Nelson immediately saw its value and helped Deslongchamps shape the final product so it would be market-ready. In a matter of months, Thomson Nelson and UNB signed a worldwide, exclusive license for Organic Chemistry Flashware™.
42 Survey Summary
Acadia University (Nova Scotia) A Millisecond: The Difference Between Good and Great Often the difference between a good hockey player and a great one can be categorized by milliseconds. That’s partly what inspired Dr. Jonathan Fowles, Dr. Gary Ness, and two honour students, Amy Simson and Matt Price of Acadia University to develop a unique skating simulator designed to improve acceleration times for hockey players. SkateSIM®, the resulting off-ice skate simulator product, targets specific muscle groups and movements involved in skating acceleration. After successful testing on campus athletes and minor and junior hockey teams in Nova Scotia and Ontario, it has been purchased by an NHL team for off-ice training. Dr. Fowles plans to broaden SkateSIM® testing to include Olympic speed skaters in the not-too-distant future. Over the last year, the SkateSIM® has been improved to the point where it can be easily packaged and shipped, and discussions are underway with a manufacturer to distribute SkateSIM® throughout North America. www.autm.net
43 AUTM Canadian Licensing Activity Survey: FY2006
Memorial University of Newfoundland (Newfoundland & Labrador) One Fish, Two Fish, Red Fish, Fast Fish As consumers search for more environmentally friendly and heart-healthy eating options, there is an increasing demand for fish, leading to over fishing and aquaculture difficulties. Likewise, recent findings regarding the impact of meat production on greenhouse gases and energy consumption suggest that reducing meat consumption might offer greater environmental benefit than reducing the impact of automobiles. After years of conducting basic research on the migration patterns of cold water fish and investigating the relevance of anti-freeze proteins and growth hormones in certain species, Dr. Garth Fletcher from Memorial University of Newfoundland and Dr. Choy Hew from the Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto developed a fast-growth fish by micro-injecting a gene combining the Chinook salmon growth hormone code with the regulatory code from an antifreeze protein gene found in ocean pout into Atlantic salmon eggs. Ultimately they produced a fish capable of growing two times faster than normal while consuming less feed than normal fish. This patented breakthrough technology, which utilizes on-land tanks with recirculating water, protects not only the process but also the fish itself. The technology was quickly licensed and led to the formation of Aqua Bounty Farms, a spin-off company of the Genesis Group of Memorial University. Over the next decade, Aqua Bounty raised $16 million, perfected the technology, and established a hatchery comprised entirely of fast-growth fish. To date, the company has submitted all food safety tests required, but still faces environmental assessment requirements requested by the FDA because fast-growth fish are classified as Genetically Modified Organisms. While the fast-growth fish has yet to reach the market, Aqua Bounty has acquired other fish nutrition and health technologies over the years, generating sales globally. This resulted in an initial public offering on the AIMS Exchange in England in June 2006, which raised more than $25 million, clearly demonstrating the global multiplier effect that technology transfer creates. The Aqua Bounty fast-growth fish may be the answer to feeding a hungry world, while overcoming overfishing and other environmental problems attributed to aquaculture.
44 Survey Summary
Vignettes — Hospitals
The Hospital for Sick Children (Ontario) Thinking Outside the Book As a leader in the delivery of care, research, professional training and education, The Hospital for Sick Children continues to break new ground, this time in the commercialization of SickKids branded consumer and professional books. The SickKids branded book series is an exciting and highly successful way to deliver the hospital’s rich source of knowledge, applied experience and professional skills in all areas of pediatric health to medical professionals and families. Written by SickKids’ expert pediatricians and health care professionals, the books are written in an easy-to-understand style, offering a wealth of reliable information that will help parents, caregivers, and health care professionals make the right choices for their children and patients. The line of SickKids branded book titles began with the publication of ‘Better Baby Food,’ published in 2001 and, with a history of successful sales activity and ongoing demand, has since grown to a total of 12 consumer books and three professional books with more on the way. With colorful illustrations, photographs, answers to frequently asked questions, and topics such as baby care, nutrition, eating disorders, sleep problems, diabetes, and the
assessment and management of emergency pediatric illness and injury, the SickKids www.autm.net branded book series has become a valuable resource for health care professionals and caregivers alike.
45 AUTM Canadian Licensing Activity Survey: FY2006
Vignettes — Colleges and Technical Institutes
College of the North Atlantic (Newfoundland & Labrador) An Innovative Material Handling Device Built for a Local Manufacturing Company Weather Shore Windows (WSW) Inc. is a local manufacturer of quality vinyl windows. For the past 20 years, WSW has grown into one of the province’s largest window manufacturing companies. Most recently, Weather Shore Windows, with the assistance of the Canadian Manufacturers and Exporters association, has adopted lean manufacturing practices to increase efficiency and maintain their marketing edge. Recently, WSW identified a need to develop a new material management device that would help increase the efficiency of material movement through their facility as well as reduce the risk of injury to employees. Their standard material handling carts were incapable of handling the increased load requirements. The company, therefore, requested assistance to develop an innovative material management device. The applied research division of the College of the North Atlantic undertook the task of designing and developing this innovative device that provided maximum efficiency with the possibility for large scale commercialization. The Manufacturing Technology Centre of the college worked with the company to develop a working prototype from a 3-D model. The company then tested the initial design in their facility to ensure that it met their needs and expectations. WSW found the product extremely satisfactory, cost effective and user friendly, and is now negotiating additional projects with the College of the North Atlantic to solve their technology related problems.
46 Survey Summary
Holland College (Prince Edward Island) Police Learn New Street Skills Online The Justice Knowledge Network at Holland College is the leading edge of online learning technologies for police. Representing a consortium of leading e-learning development and technology providers, JKN works directly with the Canadian police sector to develop e- learning solutions that meet priority training needs of front-line officers. Faced with significant personnel turnover, constrained budgets, and ever-evolving training requirements, police services require time-efficient and cost-effective training solutions. Established in 2002, JKN merges police-based knowledge with adult learning principles and innovative teaching tools to provide engaging and interactive training options for police and other law enforcement agencies. JKN also provides the technical infrastructure to securely deliver and track e-learning programs. In 2006, JKN built and released Collision Investigation Level II and Basic Investigation Skills in association with the Atlantic Police Academy and the Cape Breton Regional Police Service, respectively. During that year, the JKN team also worked on courseware projects with the Ontario Police College and the RCMP for release in early 2007. Each of these e-learning options represents fundamental training opportunities for police with increased accessibility and efficiency of training, encourages knowledge-sharing across jurisdictions, and reduces the duplication of training effort among police services.
JKN has refined the processes associated with the design, development, and www.autm.net evaluation of training solutions in a Web-based environment for maximum efficiency. Based on its success within the policing community, JKN is currently exploring the transfer of acquired experience and knowledge to other industries.
47 AUTM Canadian Licensing Activity Survey: FY2006
George Brown College (Ontario) Culinary Research Partnership “Compliments” Food Options for Canadians Ontario’s first comprehensive applied research partnership with a major Canadian grocery chain, Sobeys Inc. and its “Compliments” brand, is situated in George Brown College’s Hospitality and Culinary Arts Program. The Compliments Culinary Centre has conceptualized new products, developed and tested consumer-friendly recipes, and conducted multi-sensory product evaluations and trends research since Sobeys Inc. relaunched the Compliments private label brand three years ago. The Compliments Culinary Centre supplements Sobeys’ test kitchen facilities in continuously expanding and enhancing Compliments’ market-segmented food sub- brands. Among these is Compliments Sensations, which offers everyday affordable indulgence with superior quality food products that are innovative and exclusive, and the newly introduced Compliments Junior Disney, with healthier and great-tasting ingredients in products designed specifically for children ages 3 – 12 years. As a key partner in developing product concepts for the private label brand, the Compliments Culinary Centre also regularly recruits the college’s Chef School students to panels of 50 to 60 participants for multi-sensory evaluations of new products before launch, providing both educational benefits to students and relevant data to Sobeys Inc.
48 Survey Summary
Georgian College (Ontario) Protecting Underground Pipeline Gets Boost from Mechanical Engineering Program Shore Acres Enterprises Inc. (SAE Inc.) requested Georgian College to assist them in developing an environmentally friendly and cost effective means to protect underground oil pipelines and metallic structures with the use of deep well cathodic protection systems. (A cathode is an electrode through which electric current flows out of a polarised electrical device.) The system will permit the use of deep well anode ground beds for cathodic protection in sensitive environmental areas and protect underground aquifers. SAE Inc. has developed a material in which to produce the environmentally friendly anodes. However, they required assistance in developing sound manufacturing methods based on a better understanding of the material’s properties and characteristics. Project research included review of current design and testing of various formulations of the anode material. Compatibility of interface between the product and any recommended tooling or equipment materials was also carried out with special consideration begin given to properties such as abrasiveness and corrosiveness. With financial contribution from SAE Inc. and the Ontario Centre of Excellence, Georgian College was able to carry out the required research with the assistance of a third-
year student in Georgian College’s Mechanical Engineering Technology program. With the www.autm.net research complete and appropriate data compiled, preliminary research into process parameters, manufacturing techniques, manufacturing technologies and methods were carried out and presented to SAE Inc. SAE Inc. has since implemented the findings of this project, which has allowed them to manufacture and supply the anode to the oil pipeline cathodic protection industry across North America.
49 AUTM Canadian Licensing Activity Survey: FY2006
Loyalist College (Ontario)
Supercritical CO2 Extraction May Lead to Greener Nutraceutical Development In partnership with Bioniche Life Sciences and The University of Ottawa, Loyalist College
has constructed a Supercritical CO2 Extraction Laboratory to extract residue-free target biomolecules from natural plant products, developing methods and producing quantities sufficient for clinical trials. With additional funding from the Ontario Innovation Trust and Bioniche Life Sciences, Loyalist College’s laboratory features one of the most advanced, fractionating, four-liter
(pilot scale) supercritical CO2 extractors in North America. It is supplemented by a bench- top extractor, custom dryer, grinder and HPLC-Mass Spec, in a specialized laboratory with dedicated air handling equipment and safety systems. Bioniche Botanicals, a natural products division of Bioniche Life Sciences, has been a
supportive partner in the CO2 initiative at Loyalist College. This initiative focuses on the development of cleaner, higher quality natural products with proof of efficacy, using innovative and environmentally friendly technologies. The University of Ottawa has been doing fundamental research with natural plant products for many years but this partnership gives them the avenue to commercialization; patent application processes with Bioniche Life Sciences are now underway. Loyalist’s research role involves method development, analysis, and production of clinical trial materials, as well as information dissemination. An international conference with participants from as far away as Pakistan was held at the college this past spring.
50 Survey Summary
Niagara College (Ontario) Protecting the Wine Before Its Time As the viticulture industry grows in size and importance in Ontario, new technologies and applications are needed to support precision agriculture processes and solve typical industry problems. One such problem is that of winter damage to vines in the Niagara Region, an area that can experience temperatures lower than 18 degrees below zero, the temperature at which vitis vinifera grapevines are killed. The college’s own Teaching Winery served as a first “test bed” to develop 3-D (geographic information systems) GIS-accurate images to identify cold air pooling. Dr. Mike Duncan and his team of researchers are focusing on the use of advanced visualization technologies, 3-D imaging, and GIS technologies to develop precision agriculture solutions. GIS points were used to generate a realistic 3-D map of the vineyard, providing the ability to move effortlessly throughout the vineyard and surrounding areas using “fly-through” modeling. Through the development of data-driven 3-D models of a regional vineyard, the college was able to validate the placement of wind machines to alleviate frost damage in the vineyard. The college then responded to a request from a regional grape grower, to determine the most effective placement of wind machines (three Selective Inverted Sink Machines) to lessen cold weather damage to vines. As a result, using data-driven GIS-
based 3-D mapping technologies developed by the Augmented Reality Research Centre, www.autm.net the researchers, college vineyard manager, and local grape growers have joined forces to take precision agricultural techniques to a higher level.
51 AUTM Canadian Licensing Activity Survey: FY2006
Red River College (Manitoba) Shocknife Teaches Weapons Skills Safely Through Red River College’s Applied Research and Commercialization initiative, a “shocking” new product may help save the lives of law enforcement personnel. The Shocknife is a tool used to train law enforcement officers how to deal with edged weapon attacks. Similar in appearance to a real knife, the device delivers an electric charge that simulates the pain associated with a knife wound, but leaves no permanent damage. The product was invented by veteran police officer and safety trainer Jeff Quail, who saw the need for a training device that simulated the pain and stress associated with a knife attack. Quail built a test model, but needing design refinements, he and a business partner approached RRC electronics instructor Alex McIlraith for assistance. McIlraith miniaturized the Shocknife’s electronics to fit inside a typical size knife casing and re- engineered the product so it could be powered by a single nine-volt battery. Since being launched in 2006, more than 500 Shocknives have been sold to customers around the world, including the FBI, the Norwegian Military Academy, and the U.S. Marine Corps. The product was also featured on the Discovery Channel.
52 Survey Summary
British Columbia Institute of Technology (British Columbia) Taking a Load Off The development of a unique, high-efficiency controller for industrial, stand-alone photovoltaic (PV) applications maximizes the output power from a solar array using a patented BCIT technology. The 97 percent efficient unit acts as either a charge controller or a passive load controller. Analytic Systems Ware Ltd., a company based in Surrey, BC, approached the Technology Centre to further develop BCIT’s patented controller, featuring true Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT). To integrate this technology into their existing line of products, the controller had to charge a variety of lead acid battery types and passive loads, have a wide range of input and output voltages, and handle 100 amps. The Technology Centre developed a 100-amp unit featuring true Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT to 99 percent), menu-driven configuration setup for ease of use, upgradeable firmware and a flexible voltage input range. The controller seamlessly tracks the maximum point of the connected solar PV array, and the MPPT algorithm in the unit maximizes the output power of the MPPT controller, which in turn maximizes the input power. The Smart MPPT Charge Controller will be offered through Analytic Systems’ existing alternative energy dealers, as well as a growing list of new dealers and original equipment manufacturers that have expressed interest in
the new high-efficiency unit. www.autm.net
53 AUTM Canadian Licensing Activity Survey: FY2006
54 total of39institutionsresponded in2006ofwhichoneopted no unfairly reported characterized commercialization revenues The following dataispresented chronologically. Respondent institutions listed by theyear theoffices were first formed, i.e.“programs” expenditures andassuchthisnew mannerofpresentation allows thefocustoremain onthecurrent year’s results. A the sameyear. Inreality the commercialization results reported are, from derived forthemostpart, prioryears’ research Canada Data Appendix Summary Survey Canadian Licensing ActivitySurvey: AUTM 55 In theopinionofCommitteeformermannerpresentation as linked tothecommercialization expenditures reported in t to have theirdataprintedintheDataAppendix. t tohave FY 2006
www.autm.net AUTM Canadian Licensing Activity Survey: FY2006
Data Appendix Summary of FY2004–2006 Canadian Universities
2004–2006 2006 2006 2004–2006 2006 2006 Research Cumulative Licenses & Cumulative 2006 2004–2006 2006 Cumulative 2006 Program Licensing Expenditures Total Research Options Active 2006 Invention Invention US Patents New Patent Adjusted Gross License Name of Institution Start FTE CAD$ Expenditures CAD$ Executed Licenses Startups Disclosures Disclosures Issued Applications Income CAD$ Income
Univ. of Toronto 1980 13 $410,897,368 $1,162,643,739 34 284 1 165 553 15 67 $5,990,415 $1,951,745 Univ. of Manitoba 1983 4 $148,475,819 $338,524,326 12 69 2 39 125 2 33 $6,695,771 $2,841,808 Queen's Univ. 1984 9 $151,620,000 $435,539,000 9 61 1 63 176 6 25 $10,561,843 $3,499,332 Univ. of British Columbia 1984 17 $485,605,194 $1,199,183,933 40 230 3 180 468 14 76 $45,169,247 $15,982,962 Simon Fraser Univ. 1985 6 $53,669,551 $153,389,868 0 64 0 28 90 2 10 $677,972 $182,909 The Hospital for Sick Children 1985 3 $143,155,957 $407,492,501 15 114 1 39 92 6 19 $5,508,308 $1,544,695 Univ. of Alberta 1985 11 $382,810,000 $1,120,484,000 15 114 3 82 206 8 45 $3,279,429 $1,135,445 Univ. de Sherbrooke 1986 9 $100,503,426 $289,843,898 41 253 1 20 62 1 35 $36,324,960 $16,979,521 McMaster Univ., Hamilton Health Science & St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton 1987 8 $285,920,644 $700,144,644 79 202 0 61 174 2 18 $3,946,433 $1,454,773 Memorial Univ. of Newfoundland 1987 3 $88,254,000 N.A. 2 9 1 10 N.A. 1 2 N.A. $156,000 Univ. of Ottawa 1987 9 $243,900,000 $672,100,000 7 12 7 37 142 6 20 $707,297 $340,452 56 TRIUMF 1989 2 $5,766,630 $16,647,565 1 11 0 5 16 2 35 $3,533,858 $833,459 UTI, Inc./Univ. of Calgary 1989 10 $302,347,945 $831,248,915 18 188 0 62 295 7 16 $11,148,275 $4,410,438 Dalhousie Univ. 1990 3 $92,816,000 N.A. 2 1 0 11 N.A. 0 4 N.A. $298,167 McGill Univ. 1990 5 $383,913,000 $1,143,371,000 37 134 1 129 326 15 54 $4,573,318 $1,486,991 Univ. de Montreal 1990 15 $358,012,025 N.A. 11 135 0 75 N.A. 1 45 N.A. $1,225,499 Univ. of Saskatchewan 1990 6 $104,601,954 $345,069,964 33 148 0 39 165 6 14 $3,571,871 $1,356,731 Univ. of Waterloo 1990 3 $119,507,000 $322,066,000 12 270 2 18 37 1 6 $2,150,972 $562,086 Université de Moncton 1991 0 $7,000,000 N.A. 1 1 0 2 N.A. N.A. 1 N.A. $0 Univ. of Victoria 1992 14 $82,717,000 $177,380,000 5 13 1 72 169 5 31 $360,450 $110,250 Lakehead Univ. 1995 3 $13,655,000 $46,765,000 2 3 0 10 19 1 0 0 $0 Western, Lawson and Robarts 1995 11 $221,068,518 $572,513,954 25 80 3 84 212 8 50 $10,063,831 $4,790,611 Ecole De Technologie Superieure 1996 1 $10,186,075 $27,984,912 1 10 0 10 21 2 3 $163,909 $136,928 Univ. of Guelph 1996 3 $145,350,390 $389,637,804 39 156 0 152 302 4 26 $3,902,823 $1,756,698 Univ. Health Network 1998 3 $191,596,000 $539,196,224 5 35 1 53 133 3 16 $1,678,815 $869,423 Univ. of New Brunswick 1999 3 $47,735,493 $115,770,192 11 22 2 20 53 1 15 N.A. N.A. Univ. of Northern British Columbia 1999 1 N.A. N.A. 0 0 N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 2 0 $0 Mount Allison Univ. 2002 N.A. $3,512,726 N.A. 0 0 1 4 N.A. 1 1 N.A. $0 Univ. of Prince Edward Island 2002 N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. St Francis Xavier Univ. 2003 N.A. $6,616,981 N.A. 0 0 0 4 N.A. 0 2 N.A. $0 Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre 2003 1 $62,513,000 N.A. 3 23 0 14 N.A. 1 9 N.A. $266,613 York Univ. 2003 1 $49,100,000 $152,939,020 0 0 0 14 32 0 0 0 $0 British Columbia Institute of Technology2004 3 $4,700,000 N.A. 1 1 0 4 N.A. 0 3 N.A. $0
Note: All currencies in Canadian dollars. Data not shown for institutions wishing to remain confidential. AUTM Canadian Licensing Activity Survey: FY2006
Data Appendix Summary of FY2004–2006 Canadian Universities
2004–2006 2006 2006 2004–2006 2006 2006 Research Cumulative Licenses & Cumulative 2006 2004–2006 2006 Cumulative 2006 Program Licensing Expenditures Total Research Options Active 2006 Invention Invention US Patents New Patent Adjusted Gross License Name of Institution Start FTE CAD$ Expenditures CAD$ Executed Licenses Startups Disclosures Disclosures Issued Applications Income CAD$ Income
Saint Mary's Univ. 2004 N.A. $6,588,000 N.A. 0 0 0 0 N.A. 0 1 N.A. $0 Nova Scotia Agricultural College 2005 1 $5,183,676 N.A. 0 0 0 7 N.A. 0 2 N.A. $0 St. Michael's Hospital 2005 0 N.A. N.A. 1 1 0 2 N.A. 1 1 N.A. $3,225 Univ. of Ontario Institute of Technology 2006 1 $2,250,777 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 $0 Wilfrid Laurier Univ. 2006 0 N.A. N.A. 0 0 0 2 5 0 0 0 $0 Bishop's Univ. N.A. 0 $494,800 $1,399,300 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 $0 57
Note: All currencies in Canadian dollars. Data not shown for institutions wishing to remain confidential. AUTM Canadian Licensing Activity Survey: FY2006
58 U.S. Data Appendix Summary Survey Canadian Licensing ActivitySurvey: AUTM 59 59 FY 2006
www.autm.net AUTM U.S. Licensing Activity Survey: FY2006
Data Appendix Summary of FY 2004–2006 U.S. Universities
2004-2006 2006 2004-2006 2006 2004-2006 2006 2006 Cumulative Licenses & Cumulative 2006 Cumulative US 2006 Cumulative 2006 Name of Program Licensing Research Total Research Options Active 2006 Invention Invention Patents New Patent Adjusted Gross License Institution Start FTE Expenditures Expenditures Executed Licenses Startups Disclosures Disclosures Issued Applications Income Income
Arizona State Univ. 1985 5 $131,814,265 $337,691,967 19 16 5 154 368 23 49 $6,842,457 $3,349,612 Auburn Univ. 1988 4 $126,522,000 $396,812,500 18 64 0 93 223 10 93 $1,529,085 $699,810 Ball State Univ. 1991 N.A. $23,396,082 $73,487,038 2 13 1 15 46 0 0 $590,731 $244,719 Baylor College of Medicine 1983 13 $330,630,000 $1,113,531,000 55 482 1 96 337 13 32 $22,539,000 $9,437,000 Boston Univ./Boston Medical Ctr. 1976 7 $350,883,260 $1,013,137,065 25 124 4 103 302 12 65 $5,841,692 $2,286,545 Bowling Green State Univ. 2001 0 $9,912,000 $27,929,000 0 0 0 5 18 2 4 0 $0 Brigham Young Univ. 1986 4 $26,108,921 $74,782,604 25 165 5 94 316 10 51 $11,153,905 $3,070,472 California Inst. of Technology 1978 5 $411,126,907 $1,192,298,907 55 132 12 533 1731 152 449 $33,340,977 $13,234,236 Carnegie Mellon Univ. 1992 5 $243,259,000 $696,050,000 30 155 12 111 338 21 18 $15,663,903 $6,045,618 Case Western Reserve Univ. 1986 10 $290,530,274 $807,802,751 37 160 4 174 437 10 35 $30,178,340 $10,794,377 Catholic Univ. of America 1997 1 N.A. N.A. 1 4 1 4 9 1 1 $1,619,217 $539,000 Clemson Univ. 1987 2 $116,258,121 $449,969,121 10 35 4 56 156 13 22 $7,241,174 $2,450,462
60 College of William & Mary 2005 1 $44,749,784 $128,334,404 0 0 0 8 23 1 8 0 $0 Colorado State Univ. 1970 3 $267,400,000 $735,900,000 15 44 5 42 137 8 31 $2,807,956 $1,069,661 Cornell Research Fdn., Inc. 1979 11 $605,341,000 $1,704,361,000 49 397 6 237 663 59 114 $17,052,700 $6,125,000 Creighton Univ. 1992 2 $39,335,631 $115,395,380 5 14 1 17 53 1 8 $877,676 $352,785 Dartmouth College 1985 2 $190,632,094 $535,854,517 8 113 0 38 112 12 24 $4,860,327 $3,282,958 Drexel Univ. 1995 2 $102,156,000 N.A. 5 16 4 95 N.A. 5 83 N.A. $209,204 Duke Univ. 1986 5 $589,637,000 $1,592,049,666 51 470 5 160 415 39 78 $11,503,70,673 $4,124,547 Duquesne Univ. 1999 1 $10,700,000 $32,353,000 2 N.A. 1 10 25 1 9 $496,000 $172,000 East Carolina Univ. 1995 2 $14,061,000 $41,597,000 2 13 0 30 54 3 18 $1,090,707 $343,518 Eastern Virginia Medical School 1999 1 $33,013,000 $100,532,000 3 30 0 6 25 1 22 $21,424,583 $795,833 Emory Univ. 1985 8 $366,020,127 $1,037,524,353 22 N.A. 3 130 337 19 43 $616,315,695 $17,790,432 Florida Atlantic Univ. 1996 2 $55,791,099 $154,714,459 4 9 1 26 81 2 12 $232,066 $65,847 Florida Gulf Coast Univ. N.A. 0 $12,700,000 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 0 $0 Florida Inst. of Technology N.A. 0 $9,100,000 N.A. 1 1 N.A. 3 N.A. N.A. 3 N.A. $66,342 Florida International Univ. N.A. 1 $65,805,000 N.A. 1 1 N.A. 20 N.A. 0 14 N.A. $38,992 Florida State Univ. 1996 4 $189,229,916 $585,867,301 2 42 0 51 154 12 36 $18,002,607 $1,139,604 George Mason Univ. 1996 1 $69,524,779 $199,612,971 8 19 0 48 132 5 72 $243,105 $143,269 Georgetown Univ. 1993 4 $197,683,529 $454,356,502 31 148 2 45 119 5 23 $9,632,232 $8,478,309 Georgia Inst. of Technology 1990 6 $467,724,048 $1,334,753,790 25 215 8 366 967 39 239 $8,610,859 $1,817,319 Harvard Univ. 1977 7 $623,958,100 $1,837,890,100 41 559 3 277 562 35 167 $56,576,028 $20,849,993 Idaho Research Fdn., Inc. 1986 1 $86,863,000 $271,118,000 1 25 1 26 105 3 5 $1,005,909 $251,686 Indiana Univ. (ARTI) 1991 7 $380,815,996 $1,080,648,428 53 254 2 257 460 9 41 $19,883,518 $6,726,733 Iowa State Univ. 1935 6 $248,458,000 $726,519,000 140 690 3 120 372 19 33 $11,778,856 $7,214,457 AUTM U.S. Licensing Activity Survey: FY2006
Data Appendix Summary of FY 2004–2006 U.S. Universities
2004-2006 2006 2004-2006 2006 2004-2006 2006 2006 Cumulative Licenses & Cumulative 2006 Cumulative US 2006 Cumulative 2006 Name of Program Licensing Research Total Research Options Active 2006 Invention Invention Patents New Patent Adjusted Gross License Institution Start FTE Expenditures Expenditures Executed Licenses Startups Disclosures Disclosures Issued Applications Income Income
Johns Hopkins Univ. 1973 14 $1,757,268,191 $5,026,220,923 75 484 6 363 1123 82 329 $32,011,966 $13,938,457 Kansas State Univ. Research Fdn. 1942 2 $98,283,021 $275,519,086 5 43 0 43 88 4 18 $3,221,621 $1,322,282 Kent State Univ. 1989 2 $14,777,603 $43,941,346 3 15 2 12 36 8 17 $1,493,967 $558,028 Lehigh Univ. 2004 1 $45,000,000 N.A. 7 6 2 18 N.A. 2 6 N.A. $179,084 Louisiana State Univ. System 1986 6 $281,020,100 N.A. 13 56 4 138 N.A. 17 58 N.A. $5,565,255 Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT) 1940 15 $1,212,800,000 $3,372,800,000 121 740 23 523 1550 121 321 $99,742,085 $43,500,000 Medical College of Georgia Research Inst. 2001 4 $74,700,000 $231,700,000 11 24 1 33 91 2 22 $366,330 $223,607 Medical College of Wisconsin Research Fdn. 1984 1 $104,282,102 $321,524,284 5 50 2 130 228 2 4 $1,626,201 $499,602 Medical Univ. of South Carolina 1994 3 $150,088,251 $436,297,471 10 38 3 43 139 3 21 $2,540,630 $596,367 Miami Univ. N.A. 0 $24,500,000 $64,223,980 2 2 0 15 41 1 3 $1,788,500 $655,000 Michigan State Univ. 1992 6 $358,097,000 $1,017,315,000 45 351 4 156 447 21 148 $63,818,302 $4,182,565
61 Michigan Technological Univ. 1988 3 $44,199,616 $121,206,616 9 69 2 41 152 8 24 $1,385,365 $462,675 Mississippi State Univ. 1995 3 $189,917,000 $561,094,000 12 47 2 67 179 11 16 $1,249,855 $476,386 Montana State Univ. 1980 2 $103,048,865 $289,523,865 29 109 5 32 95 2 30 $399,829 $219,931 Mount Sinai School of Medicine of NYU 1991 5 $269,562,764 $745,062,764 7 48 1 39 166 6 13 $42,307,908 $20,169,293 New Jersey Inst. of Technology 1990 3 $77,583,000 $229,501,000 33 44 0 70 167 2 37 $965,438 $505,000 New Mexico State Univ. 1990 1 $112,035,529 $289,039,931 2 19 0 33 76 0 24 $342,982 $114,124 New York Univ. 1989 4 $210,804,000 $698,052,000 36 195 5 101 297 19 36 $400,023,414 $157,412,824 North Carolina A&T State Univ. 1999 2 $38,700,000 N.A. 7 13 3 21 N.A. 2 4 N.A. $148,000 North Carolina State Univ. 1984 4 $207,000,000 $688,807,227 65 533 5 208 562 41 128 $7,767,830 $0 North Dakota State Univ. 1995 2 $103,778,000 $308,904,000 56 89 0 35 127 11 26 $4,808,142 $1,210,665 Northeastern Univ. 2000 2 $52,991,546 $155,084,776 6 22 1 52 142 13 46 $2,968,222 $472,272 Northwestern Univ. N.A. 6 $348,439,588 $1,084,702,883 21 142 6 170 423 15 120 $35,526,249 $29,990,550 Ohio State Univ. 1990 8 $652,328,819 $1,610,828,819 28 143 5 145 472 27 64 $2,261,210 $947,000 Ohio Univ. 1991 2 $24,363,000 $81,233,376 4 14 0 32 74 4 26 $8,285,210 $3,263,162 Oklahoma State Univ. 1995 1 $103,808,255 $314,806,368 8 46 1 45 98 6 18 $2,719,335 $1,047,483 Oregon Health & Science Univ. 1989 4 $257,302,253 $739,271,495 36 208 3 115 320 10 35 $2,146,792 $719,786 Oregon State Univ. 1980 4 $189,606,000 $540,201,000 42 175 1 49 129 9 22 $5,230,699 $1,879,542 Penn State Univ. 1989 5 $656,634,000 $1,901,066,000 22 156 4 152 461 37 106 $5,403,433 $1,348,400 Portland State Univ. 2005 1 $40,035,885 $110,090,784 0 1 0 12 30 2 10 0 $0 Purdue Research Fdn. 1988 7 $388,500,000 $1,190,837,600 110 356 14 256 701 32 241 $11,475,216 $3,823,581 Rensselaer Polytechnic Inst. 1993 6 $64,277,619 $187,270,522 18 45 2 75 248 12 46 $569,593 $257,102 Research Foundation of SUNY 1979 12 $724,792,510 $2,170,759,813 44 412 12 288 797 34 130 $37,678,695 $10,837,438 Rice Univ. 1998 2 $81,693,556 $225,698,442 6 48 3 77 194 34 56 $1,245,372 $431,003 Rutgers, The State Univ. of NJ 1989 7 $264,054,649 $796,241,292 35 228 0 132 430 41 120 $15,059,171 $5,095,023 AUTM U.S. Licensing Activity Survey: FY2006
Data Appendix Summary of FY 2004–2006 U.S. Universities
2004-2006 2006 2004-2006 2006 2004-2006 2006 2006 Cumulative Licenses & Cumulative 2006 Cumulative US 2006 Cumulative 2006 Name of Program Licensing Research Total Research Options Active 2006 Invention Invention Patents New Patent Adjusted Gross License Institution Start FTE Expenditures Expenditures Executed Licenses Startups Disclosures Disclosures Issued Applications Income Income
Southern Illinois Univ. 1993 2 $43,097,103 N.A. 4 12 1 20 N.A. 2 12 N.A. $354,045 Southern Methodist Univ. 1998 N.A. $12,599,334 $39,407,565 0 0 0 2 N.A. 3 8 $5,436 $1,792 Stanford Univ. 1970 13 $699,211,807 N.A. 109 1,293 7 518 N.A. 118 541 N.A. $61,310,739 Stevens Inst. of Technology 2000 1 $28,432,351 N.A. 11 16 3 15 N.A. 3 6 N.A. $4,551,059 Texas A&M Univ. System 1992 6 $586,242,199 $1,588,956,199 73 490 1 115 358 32 54 $21,695,968 $6,418,994 The UAB Research Fdn. 1987 5 $317,748,000 N.A. 11 218 1 91 281 16 57 $14,659,469 $4,685,000 Thomas Jefferson Univ 1984 4 $106,986,000 N.A. 1 55 1 31 N.A. 3 6 N.A. $1,047,395 Tufts Univ. 1978 4 $136,171,347 $404,220,694 14 64 0 41 138 16 25 $2,265,496 $1,247,799 Tulane Univ. 1985 2 $136,030,929 $405,821,009 1 42 0 14 101 2 6 $20,920,837 $6,763,692 Univ. of Akron 1995 2 $53,988,492 $156,733,764 7 37 3 57 149 8 37 $2,964,963 $1,879,684 Univ. of Alabama 2006 0 $71,000,000 0 2 5 0 15 0 1 10 0 $0 Univ. of Arizona 1988 4 $535,846,792 $1,544,759,792 26 189 3 90 286 15 70 $3,827,534 $1,688,857 62 Univ. of Arkansas for Medical Sciences 1994 1 $106,356,605 $325,992,420 7 50 0 33 75 16 15 $1,010,936 $469,662 Univ. of California System 1979 95 $3,035,949,000 $8,744,260,000 226 1,750 39 1,308 3808 270 1,075 $341,810,012 $193,499,879 Univ. of Central Florida 1985 2 $107,996,000 $362,517,700 17 31 4 114 295 30 N.A. $1,231,554 $730,398 Univ. of Chicago/UCTech 1986 8 $391,000,000 $1,091,527,000 24 167 2 141 355 16 63 $24,498,287 $8,851,413 Univ. of Cincinnati 1983 4 $148,512,700 $443,911,654 14 89 2 116 282 11 52 $1,482,952 $481,763 Univ. of Colorado 1993 10 $632,973,484 $1,702,078,684 57 193 10 198 522 14 120 $82,660,975 $21,233,214 Univ. of Connecticut 1987 5 $152,500,000 $485,100,000 13 68 1 67 222 26 30 $4,136,622 $814,471 Univ. of Dayton Research Inst. 1984 3 $70,596,051 $204,664,003 4 60 1 24 95 5 18 $586,370 $160,625 Univ. of Delaware 1997 2 $148,800,000 $386,182,736 2 16 0 35 130 6 N.A. N.A. $215,254 Univ. of Denver 2004 1 $13,768,000 N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 11 N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. Univ. of Florida 1983 14 $459,114,540 $1,365,111,803 73 361 10 260 811 78 124 $120,571,880 $42,900,000 Univ. of Georgia 1979 5 $323,843,000 $953,809,000 85 597 1 106 305 13 87 $35,119,960 $16,805,484 Univ. of Hawaii 1987 5 $236,708,881 $645,850,121 11 8 4 64 166 1 37 $2,397,990 $900,329 Univ. of Illinois, Chicago, Urbana 1981 19 $808,374,000 $2,440,104,000 80 354 9 319 893 41 157 $23,132,338 $10,222,735 Univ. of Iowa Research Fdn. 1975 5 $346,357,000 $993,415,000 43 302 4 89 258 22 38 $46,739,717 $16,912,938 Univ. of Kansas 1994 2 $132,106,000 $368,012,000 9 33 0 52 122 3 22 $5,913,734 $231,111 Univ. of Kansas Medical Center 1994 2 $71,542,000 $211,727,000 5 35 0 22 40 2 2 $437,983 $108,272 Univ. of Kentucky Research Fdn. 1984 2 $184,113,481 $528,613,634 18 103 4 85 240 20 24 $2,524,685 $905,895 Univ. of Louisville 1996 3 $148,246,000 $407,388,000 8 32 3 72 200 4 61 $218,342 $50,652 Univ. of Maryland Biotechnology Inst. 2000 2 $34,200,326 N.A. 5 N.A. 0 32 N.A. 5 29 N.A. $362,646 Univ. of Maryland, Baltimore 1989 N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 92 280 8 147 $589,724 $215,246 Univ. of Maryland, Baltimore County 1994 2 $65,718,000 $173,588,000 2 30 0 20 83 9 19 $244,221 $163,560 Univ. of Maryland, College Park 1987 2 $313,826,827 $912,177,769 28 242 2 114 340 22 75 $3,668,265 $1,873,489 Univ. of Massachusetts 1994 12 $404,962,000 $1,127,279,000 45 196 2 141 403 18 55 $81,347,098 $27,183,583 AUTM U.S. Licensing Activity Survey: FY2006
Data Appendix Summary of FY 2004–2006 U.S. Universities
2004-2006 2006 2004-2006 2006 2004-2006 2006 2006 Cumulative Licenses & Cumulative 2006 Cumulative US 2006 Cumulative 2006 Name of Program Licensing Research Total Research Options Active 2006 Invention Invention Patents New Patent Adjusted Gross License Institution Start FTE Expenditures Expenditures Executed Licenses Startups Disclosures Disclosures Issued Applications Income Income
Univ. of Miami 1989 4 $303,500,000 $853,588,000 10 61 0 42 118 1 26 $1737,461 $931,430 Univ. of Michigan 1982 7 $796,963,386 $2,327,552,170 97 330 9 288 860 79 137 $45,275,133 $20,438,727 Univ. of Minnesota 1957 18 $594,877,000 $1,658,811,000 83 720 3 230 705 28 80 $147,095,916 $56,193,050 Univ. of Mississippi 1992 2 $47,425,000 $139,433,000 9 22 2 21 50 5 8 $5,847,937 $1,535,111 Univ. of Missouri, all campuses 1987 7 $332,276,876 N.A. 16 105 2 107 292 15 38 $14,615,224 $2,371,287 Univ. of Montana 1995 1 $60,070,832 $177,273,951 2 17 0 10 16 2 4 0 $0 Univ. of Nebraska 1992 3 $323,861,560 $923,829,773 13 169 5 88 255 17 52 $3,782,858 $1,277,420 Univ. of Nevada at Las Vegas 2005 1 $90,775,956 $256,371,874 1 1 0 10 18 0 10 $76,500 $26,500 Univ. of Nevada at Reno 2000 2 $70,539,360 N.A. 2 18 0 23 N.A. 5 20 N.A. $77,128 Univ. of New Hampshire 1997 2 $128,270,352 $329,814,770 12 58 2 32 62 4 9 $441,295 $186,125 Univ. of New Mexico/Sci. & Tech. Corp. 1995 6 $181,122,808 $529,909,928 23 49 7 96 242 13 62 $1,848,845 $781,864 Univ. of North Carolina at Greensboro 2002 2 $27,323,053 N.A. 1 6 0 19 55 0 1 $82,516 $29,718 63 Univ. of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 1985 5 $583,996,531 $1,255,751,718 49 238 5 97 330 27 67 $8,140,660 $2,400,184 Univ. of North Carolina, Charlotte 1993 2 $29,177,632 $79,007,392 4 32 3 60 200 8 54 $107,951 $19,112 Univ. of North Florida N.A. 0 $4,110,000 0 0 1 0 3 0 1 1 0 $1,273 Univ. of North Texas Health Science Ctr. 1999 1 $26,311,243 $67,581,948 6 14 0 15 39 2 5 $301,810 $46,403 Univ. of Oklahoma, All Campuses 1984 4 $135,238,856 $376,950,569 10 40 5 56 171 16 71 $1,356,231 $548,842 Univ. of Oregon 1992 4 $95,732,891 $267,488,177 26 80 0 48 133 2 8 $9,624,279 $4,318,661 Univ. of Pennsylvania 1986 10 $640,224,563 $1,967,419,046 37 482 3 306 1052 49 517 $24,198,631 $8,255,096 Univ. of Pittsburgh 1992 6 $601,568,000 $1,763,110,000 54 168 5 165 446 22 88 $17,907,190 $10,214,441 Univ. of Rhode Island 1991 2 $56,706,000 $166,606,000 1 6 0 19 55 4 24 $3,018,166 $900,166 Univ. of Rochester 1980 7 $355,293,162 $1,002,086,433 24 98 7 141 416 24 77 $102,223,507 $38,016,557 Univ. of South Alabama 1995 1 $20,580,325 N.A. 1 12 0 10 35 1 5 $2,160,404 $1,218,684 Univ. of South Carolina 1993 3 $173,323,287 $451,194,493 20 47 6 84 199 11 49 $859,932 $412,531 Univ. of South Florida 1990 3 $265,804,555 $802,026,561 21 81 6 109 367 29 88 $4,609,056 $1,704,025 Univ. of Southern California 1971 9 $431,000,000 $1,283,862,000 46 203 5 131 378 34 83 $7,728,420 $1,663,597 Univ. of Tennessee 1983 3 $240,280,186 $711,647,080 10 127 5 92 217 15 134 $3,379,532 $1,282,913 Univ. of Texas at Austin 1991 5 $446,686,000 $1,201,553,000 50 142 7 98 312 36 52 $20,053,396 $8,431,700 Univ. of Texas Health Science Ctr., Houston 1985 4 $174,831,472 $477,395,807 35 118 3 62 152 5 20 $7,807,448 $3,270,024 Univ. of Texas Medical Branch 1988 5 $155,036,202 $496,088,202 13 84 2 71 197 12 31 $3,135,798 $950,678 Univ. of Texas Southwestern Med. Ctr. 1990 7 $336,840,793 $972,045,705 15 310 0 133 330 28 25 $35,804,536 $12,277,436 Univ. of Toledo 1994 1 $47,900,000 $108,333,994 9 56 2 38 95 4 21 $1,080,448 $312,423 Univ. of Tulsa Research Offices N.A. 0 $14,528,391 N.A. 0 0 0 0 N.A. 2 3 N.A. $0 Univ. of Utah 1968 10 $246,566,451 $834,199,134 61 165 17 180 492 20 92 $46,482,670 $16,295,064 Univ. of Vermont 1998 2 $95,540,632 $298,981,244 7 38 3 43 101 2 13 $375,764 $15,751 AUTM U.S. Licensing Activity Survey: FY2006
Data Appendix Summary of FY 2004–2006 U.S. Universities
2004-2006 2006 2004-2006 2006 2004-2006 2006 2006 Cumulative Licenses & Cumulative 2006 Cumulative US 2006 Cumulative 2006 Name of Program Licensing Research Total Research Options Active 2006 Invention Invention Patents New Patent Adjusted Gross License Institution Start FTE Expenditures Expenditures Executed Licenses Startups Disclosures Disclosures Issued Applications Income Income
Univ. of Virginia Patent Fdn. 1977 7 $238,754,000 $706,347,000 61 357 5 177 512 15 220 $14,065,097 $4,066,727 Univ. of Washington/Wash. Res. Fdn. 1983 16 $936,360,325 $2,665,616,826 155 875 10 310 811 37 84 $85,685,379 $36,199,485 Univ. of West Florida Research Fdn. 2007 0 $12,588,645 N.A. 1 3 0 0 N.A. 0 0 N.A. $0 Univ. of Wisconsin at Madison 1925 22 $831,895,000 $2,393,869,000 159 907 7 464 1286 69 203 $138,819,173 $42,363,611 Utah State Univ. 1987 4 $138,670,000 $429,350,635 10 59 4 54 147 8 13 $1,540,319 $494,523 Vanderbilt Univ. 1990 6 $387,857,107 $1,090,184,842 47 236 3 132 374 15 49 $17,545,386 $8,553,468 Virginia Commonwealth Univ. 1994 2 $149,256,000 $428,200,000 32 42 2 74 235 9 84 $3,039,068 $1,552,936 Virginia Tech Intellectual Properties, Inc. 1985 1 $155,493,910 $439,713,629 10 241 1 119 350 28 47 $7,115,679 $1,925,564 Wake Forest Univ. 1985 3 $146,382,536 $437,538,214 5 64 0 66 136 3 N.A. $144,829,681 $60,588,512 Washington State Univ. Research Fdn. 1939 4 $130,198,611 $383,839,068 22 100 0 70 135 6 45 $2,496,353 $724,431 Washington Univ. St. Louis 1985 4 $519,871,000 $1,440,849,000 41 1,693 2 119 345 21 115 $32,819,861 $11,582,912 64 Wayne State Univ. 1988 4 $220,731,000 $672,537,000 9 99 2 50 149 12 23 $9,979,130 $4,037,996 Western Michigan Univ. 2005 1 $38,946,094 N.A. 1 5 0 20 N.A. 1 7 N.A. $2,000 Wright State Univ. 2001 1 $47,710,864 $126,090,106 3 10 0 7 22 0 8 $165,036 $83,210 AUTM U.S. Licensing Activity Survey: FY2006
U.S. Hospitals and Data Appendix Summary of FY 2004–2006 Research Institutions
2004-2006 2006 2004-2006 2006 2004-2006 2006 2006 Cumulative Licenses & Cumulative 2006 Cumulative US 2006 Cumulative 2006 Name of Program Licensing Research Total Research Options Active 2006 Invention Invention Patents New Patent Adjusted Gross License Institution Start FTE Expenditures Expenditures Executed Licenses Startups Disclosures Disclosures Issued Applications Income Income
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Ctr. 1997 4 $202,000,000 $575,447,000 18 119 3 92 242 13 39 $6,140,122 $962,442 Brigham & Women's Hospital, Inc. 1986 8 $413,118,000 $1,146,524,000 41 205 4 130 352 27 49 $23,912,852 $9,233,034 Burnham Inst. 1995 5 $77,358,000 $201,857,000 18 69 N.A. 45 157 14 19 $2,853,000 $943,000 California Pacific Medical Ctr. Res. Inst. 2005 1 $26,478,630 $64,458,682 3 11 2 8 17 1 9 $365,530 $89,683 Children's Hospital Boston 1991 10 $164,527,000 $447,064,161 27 181 2 98 319 20 40 $39,770,794 $22,350,840 Children's Hospital Oakland Research Inst. 2001 1 $48,988,030 $137,651,289 4 11 1 18 83 4 7 $1,214,041 $335,647 Children's Hospital, Cincinnati 1997 6 $124,962,349 $449,617,883 21 48 3 24 111 3 38 $7,501,324 $3,137,922 City of Hope National Medical Ctr. & Beckman Res. Inst. 1986 2 $150,834,000 $387,148,000 5 25 0 19 87 11 10 $220,078,859 $98,728,000 Cleveland Clinic Fdn. 1989 9 $196,641,000 $501,056,355 25 146 3 176 473 13 133 $18,748,022 $6,150,576 Dana-Farber Cancer Inst. 1981 6 $187,453,413 $544,439,030 37 359 2 66 196 20 25 $14,835,282 $4,720,969
65 Fox Chase Cancer Ctr. 1984 1 $88,362,439 $255,292,338 29 55 55 50 149 3 3 $1,831,288 $581,821 Fred Hutchinson Cancer Res. Ctr. 1988 5 $276,200,000 $723,671,939 31 118 1 57 105 3 16 $7,528,344 $3,439,000 H Lee Moffitt Cancer Ctr & Res. Inst. 2004 1 $78,800,000 $78,800,000 1 2 0 43 N.A. 0 24 N.A. N.A. Health Research Inc. NYS Department of Health 1986 2 $37,175,000 $265,883,000 2 0 0 5 51 1 8 $6,899,300 $1,827,000 M.D. Anderson Cancer Ctr. 1987 5 $409,679,711 $1,065,524,745 24 111 2 147 397 25 71 $13,533,732 $6,326,441 Mayo Fdn. for Medical Education and Research 1986 12 $448,000,000 $1,219,000,000 92 778 9 302 939 29 94 $55,116,478 $25,881,191 National Jewish Med. and Res. Ctr. 1994 3 $56,687,342 $154,684,143 11 66 0 25 61 3 9 $1,001,947 $171,555 New England Medical Ctr. 1993 1 $68,083,000 $187,831,003 4 49 3 15 60 5 4 $2,913,372 $1,149,184 Oklahoma Medical Research Fdn. 1990 4 $48,714,245 $129,393,268 4 43 0 11 41 7 15 $9,258,050 $2,867,497 Sloan Kettering Inst. for Cancer Res. 1981 7 $294,814,000 $787,385,000 28 241 5 41 135 22 22 $184,020,467 $43,338,517 St. Elizabeth's Medical Ctr. of Boston 1995 1 $9,786,724 $18,405,084 1 9 0 5 14 1 12 $929,017 $250,552 St. Jude Children's Research Hospital 1995 3 $191,008,740 $486,281,996 33 253 0 47 123 8 8 $5,209,498 $2,252,426 The General Hospital dba Massachusetts General Hos 1976 21 $528,621,000 $1,474,807,000 131 834 8 339 857 56 132 $452,122,780 $318,588,460 The Salk Inst. for Biological Studies 1969 5 $79,265,000 $234,376,000 22 251 1 29 74 17 6 $12,852,341 $4,287,311 Wistar Inst. 1991 2 $46,841,000 $128,394,000 23 104 0 5 16 3 3 $52,930,706 $47,069,706 Woods Hole Oceanographic Inst. 1993 0 $114,477,724 $335,182,907 5 12 0 3 12 0 5 $806,937 $240,374 Startup Companies Issued US Patents U.S. Technology U.S. Firms Investment Legal Fees Fees Legal Reimbursed Expended Legal Fees Fees Legal Licenses & Licenses License Income License Options Yielding Options Yielding 2006 FY License Adjusted Gross Gross Adjusted Income Received Income Options Executed Licenses & Licenses Patent New US Summary of FY 2006 of Summary Applications Filed Received Invention Invention U.S. Licensing Activity Survey: Survey: Activity Licensing U.S. Disclosures Disclosures AUTM Research Research Expenditures Total Sponsored Total Year 0.5 Prof. Year Tech. Transfer Tech. FTE Devoted to to FTE Devoted Name of Institution Total Technology Investment Firms Investment Technology Total $0 32 7 16 $3,696,707 232 $843,758 $0 10 0 Research Corporation Technologies Corporation Research 1987 $0 32 7 16 $3,696,707 232 $843,758 $0 10 0
Data Appendix Data 66 Suggested Citation Association of University Technology Managers®, report titled, AUTM Canadian Licensing Activity Survey, FY2006: A Survey Summary of Technology Licensing (and Related) Performance for Canadian Academic and Nonprofit Institutions and Technology Investment Firms, editors Dana Bostrom, Caroline Bruce and Sean Flanigan. The report may also be referenced by its abbreviated title, AUTM Canadian Licensing Activity Survey, FY2006 Survey Summary, editors Dana Bostrom, Caroline Bruce and Sean Flanigan.
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