DOCSLIB.ORG

Characterization of Heterogeneity Among Individual Neural Precursor Subpopulations in the Embryonic Mouse Ventricular Zone

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Characterization of Heterogeneity Among Individual Neural Precursor Subpopulations in the Embryonic Mouse Ventricular Zone Characterization of Heterogeneity Among Individual Neural Precursor Subpopulations in the Embryonic Mouse Ventricular Zone By Elizabeth K. Stancik B.S., May 2001, Hope College A Dissertation Submitted to The Faculty of the Columbian College of Arts and Sciences of The George Washington University in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy January 31, 2011 Dissertation directed by Tarik F. Haydar Associate Professor of Anatomy and Neurobiology Boston University School of Medicine and Anne Chiaramello Associate Professor of Anatomy and Regenerative Biology The Columbian College of Arts and Sciences of The George Washington University certifies that Elizabeth K. Stancik has passed the Final Examination for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy as of August 27, 2010. This is the final and approved form of the dissertation. Characterization of Heterogeneity Among Individual Neural Precursor Subpopulations in the Embryonic Mouse Ventricular Zone Elizabeth K. Stancik Dissertation Research Committee: Tarik F. Haydar, Associate Professor of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine; Dissertation Co-Director Anne Chiaramello, Associate Professor of Anatomy and Regenerative Biology; Dissertation Co-Director Sally A. Moody, Professor of Anatomy and Regenerative Biology; Committee Member Joshua Corbin, Associate Professor of Pediatrics, Pharmacology and Physiology; Committee Member ii Dedication To Mom and Dad, Grandma and Grandpa Stancik, Grandma Kreiger and Uncle Mark, for always believing in me and showing such great interest in my research. To Dave, for putting up with my whining. And to Fran and Turk, for keeping me (mostly) sane as I struggled to write this. iii Acknowledgements I owe my most sincere thanks to a number of people for their time and support in guiding me throughout my doctoral work. First and foremost, I thank my mentor Tarik Haydar. It has been an interesting five year journey and knowing that I could count on him to lighten the mood, or be serious, or sit back and just let me fume has made all the difference. I even appreciate his moving away at the very end of my graduate career, which forced me to grow up—though against my will. Thank you also to his past and present lab members: Ivan Navarro, Lina Chakrabarti, Karine Loulier, Yi-Chun Hsieh and Bill Tyler. Their help at the bench and answers to my endless stream of questions provided me with the tools necessary to complete my work, and the kindness and understanding from these post-docs towards a lowly grad student meant more to me than they will know. I have greatly appreciated the support and suggestions of my dissertation committee over the past few years. Thank you especially to Dr. Chiaramello for guiding me through the administrative bureaucracy; I would be lost without you. Thank you to my readers, Dr. Moody and Dr. Corbin, whose careful reading and thoughtful critiques made this document better than I could have hoped. Finally, I greatly appreciate Dr. Chiappinelli’s enthusiasm in agreeing to serve on my committee. Lastly, the lab members of Center V have provided invaluable insights, as well as emotional support, for the past four years, and for that I cannot thank you enough. To my lunch group, Laura, Jean-Marie, Luis, Elim, Ainoha and Nikkie: our daily gatherings and iv irreverent topics of conversation were often the highlight of my day. I wish all of you the best of luck as we go our separate ways. v Abstract of Dissertation Characterization of Heterogeneity Among Individual Neural Precursor Subpopulations in the Embryonic Mouse Ventricular Zone The degree of cellular heterogeneity in the rodent neocortical ventricular zone (VZ) has been a source of contention among developmental neurobiologists for decades. The widely-held hypothesis that this germinal compartment contains a single, multipotent population of neural precursor cells contrasts with what is known about the human and primate VZ, in which multiple neuron- or glia-restricted precursor populations reside side-by-side. Radial glial cells (RGCs), the supposed sole occupants of the rodent VZ, have been shown to generate excitatory neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes using in vivo and in vitro techniques. However, these studies do not show that RGCs alone comprise the rodent VZ. Indeed, morphological and molecular differences have recently been identified between RGCs and another neural precursor population—short neural precursors (SNPs)—within the mouse VZ, though acceptance of precursor diversity in rodents has not been quick to follow. In order to more fully elucidate the nature and degree of heterogeneity among neural precursor cell types within the rodent VZ, experiments were designed to examine the cell cycle kinetics, neuronal output and lineage potentials of RGCs and SNPs. In utero electroporation (IUE) was used to label VZ precursors based on expression of specific promoters: the glutamate-aspartate transporter (GLAST) and brain lipid binding protein (Blbp) promoters are expressed in RGCs and the tubulin α-1 (T α1) promoter is expressed by SNPs. The Nestin promoter, thought to label all neural stem cells (NSCs), was used as a control. For acute experiments, here defined as ≤ 48 hr from vi IUE to sacrifice, green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter plasmids driven by cell type- specific promoters (T α1 or GLAST) were used. For long-term fate mapping experiments (≥ 72 hr from IUE to sacrifice), co-electroporation of a Cre plasmid, driven by a cell type-specific promoter (T α1, GLAST, Blbp or Nestin), and a flox-stopped GFP reporter plasmid was used to mediate Cre/loxP recombination in specific precursor populations. We found that GLAST + RGCs and T α1+ SNPs have significantly different cell cycle kinetics, with the length of G1-phase and the total cell cycle duration being 4 hr shorter in RGCs than in SNPs. Based on a study in which cell cycle kinetics and mode of division of VZ precursor cells were compared, we hypothesized that SNPs would undergo more neurogenic divisions than RGCs. Indeed, immunostaining revealed that SNPs labeled on embryonic day 14.5 (E14.5) generate neurons (GFP/TUJ1+) through divisions in the VZ, while RGCs more often produce intermediate progenitor cells (GFP/Tbr2 +), a transit amplifying population residing in the subventricular zone, which then divide to generate neurons. This extra step in neuron generation for RGCs results in their neuronal progeny arriving in the neocortical wall later than, and thus laminating superficially to, progeny of SNPs labeled at the same time. Similar mechanisms of neuron generation and lamination patterns were observed when precursors were labeled at E12.5. Interestingly, Nestin + NSCs labeled at E12.5 and E14.5 produced neurons whose laminar allocation was distinct from both RGC- and SNP-derived neurons. Moreover, there were significant differences in neuronal allocation from Blbp-expressing RGCs (bRGCs) and GLAST-expressing RGCs (gRGCs) labeled at E12.5 and E14.5. Lineage analyses of precursors labeled at E16.5 uncovered additional differences in these four populations: all four precursor types produced GFAP + and S100 β+ astrocytes and vii ependymal cells; SNPs and NSCs also generated DCX + neuroblasts; but only NSCs produced Olig2 + oligodendrocyte precursors. In conclusion, the data presented here indicate that the mouse VZ is a heterogeneous germinal compartment, comprised by at least two distinct precursor populations which differ in their cell cycle kinetics, mechanism of neuron generation and the phenotypes of their neuronal and glial progeny. viii Table of Contents Dedication………………………………………………………………………………...iii Acknowledgements……………………………………………………………………….iv Abstract of Dissertation…………………………………………………………………..vi Table of Contents…………………………………………………………………………ix List of Figures……………………………………………………………………………..x List of Tables…………………………………………………………………………….xii List of Abbreviations……………………………………………………………………xiii Chapter 1…………………………………………………………………………………..1 Chapter 2…………………………………………………………………………………40 Chapter 3…………………………………………………………………………………81 Chapter 4………………………………………………………………………………..118 References………………………………………………………………………………138 ix List of Figures Figure 1. The Brodmann map. 4 Figure 2. Forebrain development in the mouse. 7 Figure 3. Overview of neocorticogenesis. 9 Figure 4. Neocortical lamination. 12 Figure 5. The developing neocortical wall. 17 Figure 6. The reeler cortex. 27 Figure 7. Radial glial cells and short neural precursors. 36 Figure 8. Cells throughout the VZ and SVZ are exposed to plasmid following in utero electroporation. 52 Figure 9. Temporal properties of in utero electroporation. 54 Figure 10. Short neural precursors have distinct cell cycle kinetics. 57 Figure 11. Promoter characteristics do not affect proliferation kinetics results. 60 Figure 12. Laminar allocation differences in VZ-derived cells at the end of neurogenesis. 63 Figure 13. RGCs and SNPs labeled on the same embryonic day generate neuronal progeny specified to different cortical laminae. 66 Figure 14. Morphological analysis of GFP + SNP- and RGC-derived neurons. 68 Figure 15. RGC progeny are amplified by proliferative IPCs while SNPs generate neurons directly from the VZ. 71 Figure 16. Differential neuronal production from VZ precursor subtypes. 77 Figure 17. Localization of GFP + neuronal progeny from VZ precursor populations electroporated throughout neurogenesis. 91 Figure 18. Laminar allocation of neuronal progeny of separate precursor populations. 93 Figure 19. Distribution of
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Medicine@Yale U
    @ MedicineAdvancing Biomedical Science, Education and Health Care YaleVolume 4, Issue 3 July/August 2008 Leading scientist is appointed new chair of Cell Biology Membrane traffi c expert and chair of the School of Medicine’s to Yale’s recently protein-coding genes in the human Department of Cell Biology. Roth- opened West Cam- genome, providing fresh insights into will head a department man will come to Yale from Columbia pus in West Haven, disease and new molecular targets for that has shaped the fi eld University’s College of Physicians and Conn., where he will therapy. Under Rothman’s leadership Surgeons, where he is now a professor launch a Center for the Department of Cell Biology will James E. Rothman, F>:, one of the in the Department of Physiology and High-Throughput be signifi cantly expanded, and will be world’s foremost experts on mem- Biophysics, the Clyde and Helen Wu Cell Biology. At the co-located at the West Campus along brane traffi cking, the means by which Professor of Chemical Biology and new center, multi- with its present location at the main proteins and other materials are director of the Columbia Genome +BNFT3PUINBO disciplinary teams campus of the School of Medicine. transported within and between cells, Center. of scientists will develop tools and For his decades of seminal re- has been named the Fergus F. Wal- In addition to directing Cell techniques to rapidly decipher the cel- search on the transport of molecules lace Professor of Biomedical Sciences Biology, Rothman is the fi rst recruit lular functions of the
    [Show full text]
  • Consolidated Annual Activities Report for 2014
    CONSOLIDATED ANNUAL ACTIVITIES REPORT FOR 2014 ‘The Academy of Europe’ Registered office Room 251, Senate House, Malet Street, London WC1E 7HU Tele: +44 (0) 20 7862 5784 Email: [email protected] Web: http://www.ae-info.org Company limited by Guarantee and registered at Companies House. Registration number 7028223 Registered with the Charity Commission, registration number 1133902 1 THE TRUSTEES, AND COUNCIL OF THE ACADEMIA EUROPAEA Board of TRUSTEES (at 31 December 2014) President: Professor Sierd Cloetingh Utrecht, (elected June 2014) Professor Lars Walløe Oslo (till AGM July 2014) Vice President: Professor Anne Buttimer Dublin, (till 2015 eligible for re- election) Vice President: Professor Sierd Cloetingh (till AGM 2014) Hon. Treasurer: (from January 2010) Professor Sir Roger Elliott Oxford, (till 2015) Co-opted Members: Professor Jerzy Langer Warsaw (resigned April 2014) Professor Andreu Mas Colell Barcelona (resigned June 2014) Professor Theo D’haen Leuven, (till 2015) Professor Ole Petersen Cardiff, (till 2015) Professor Hermann Maurer Graz, (till end 2015) Appointed by Council: Professor Balazs Gulyas Stockholm, (re-appointed, AGM 2013 – Dec. 2016) Professor Don Dingwell Munich, (appointed, Jan 2014, eligible for re-appointment) Professor Svend Erik Larsen Copenhagen, (appointed, Jan. 2014, eligible for re-appointment) At the time of writing this report, the number of independent members elected to Council was set at a maximum of three. The Chairs of the Academic Sections are de facto members of the Council. Periods of office of Section chairs are as described in the regulations. The list of Section chairs, as at 31 December 2014, is at annex 1a of this report. Three members of the Council are nominated to the Board of Trustees.
    [Show full text]
  • Graduate School of Arts and Sciences 2001–2002
    Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Programs and Policies 2001–2002 bulletin of yale university Series 97 Number 10 August 20, 2001 Bulletin of Yale University Postmaster: Send address changes to Bulletin of Yale University, PO Box 208227, New Haven ct 06520-8227 PO Box 208230, New Haven ct 06520-8230 Periodicals postage paid at New Haven, Connecticut Issued sixteen times a year: one time a year in May, October, and November; two times a year in June and September; three times a year in July; six times a year in August Managing Editor: Linda Koch Lorimer Editor: David J. Baker Editorial and Publishing Office: 175 Whitney Avenue, New Haven, Connecticut Publication number (usps 078-500) Printed in Canada The closing date for material in this bulletin was June 10, 2001. The University reserves the right to withdraw or modify the courses of instruction or to change the instructors at any time. ©2001 by Yale University. All rights reserved. The material in this bulletin may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, in any form, whether in print or electronic media, without written permission from Yale University. Graduate School Offices Admissions 432.2773; [email protected] Alumni Relations 432.1942; [email protected] Dean 432.2733; susan.hockfi[email protected] Finance and Administration 432.2739; [email protected] Financial Aid 432.2739; [email protected] General Information Office 432.2770; [email protected] Graduate Career Services 432.2583; [email protected] McDougal Graduate Student Center 432.2583; [email protected] Registrar of Arts and Sciences 432.2330 Teaching Fellow Preparation and Development 432.2583; [email protected] Teaching Fellow Program 432.2757; [email protected] Working at Teaching Program 432.1198; [email protected] Internet: www.yale.edu/gradschool Copies of this publication may be obtained from Graduate School Student Services and Reception Office, Yale University, PO Box 208236, New Haven ct 06520-8236.
    [Show full text]
  • Year in Review
    Year in review For the year ended 31 March 2017 Trustees2 Executive Director YEAR IN REVIEW The Trustees of the Society are the members Dr Julie Maxton of its Council, who are elected by and from Registered address the Fellowship. Council is chaired by the 6 – 9 Carlton House Terrace President of the Society. During 2016/17, London SW1Y 5AG the members of Council were as follows: royalsociety.org President Sir Venki Ramakrishnan Registered Charity Number 207043 Treasurer Professor Anthony Cheetham The Royal Society’s Trustees’ report and Physical Secretary financial statements for the year ended Professor Alexander Halliday 31 March 2017 can be found at: Foreign Secretary royalsociety.org/about-us/funding- Professor Richard Catlow** finances/financial-statements Sir Martyn Poliakoff* Biological Secretary Sir John Skehel Members of Council Professor Gillian Bates** Professor Jean Beggs** Professor Andrea Brand* Sir Keith Burnett Professor Eleanor Campbell** Professor Michael Cates* Professor George Efstathiou Professor Brian Foster Professor Russell Foster** Professor Uta Frith Professor Joanna Haigh Dame Wendy Hall* Dr Hermann Hauser Professor Angela McLean* Dame Georgina Mace* Dame Bridget Ogilvie** Dame Carol Robinson** Dame Nancy Rothwell* Professor Stephen Sparks Professor Ian Stewart Dame Janet Thornton Professor Cheryll Tickle Sir Richard Treisman Professor Simon White * Retired 30 November 2016 ** Appointed 30 November 2016 Cover image Dancing with stars by Imre Potyó, Hungary, capturing the courtship dance of the Danube mayfly (Ephoron virgo). YEAR IN REVIEW 3 Contents President’s foreword .................................. 4 Executive Director’s report .............................. 5 Year in review ...................................... 6 Promoting science and its benefits ...................... 7 Recognising excellence in science ......................21 Supporting outstanding science .....................
    [Show full text]
  • 2009 01 Nature Digest
    ISSN 1880-0556 日本語編集版 JANUARY 2009 1 VOL. 06, NO. 1 個人ゲノムの時代 www.nature.com/naturedigest NEWS FEATURE 個人ゲノムの時代 volume 6 no.1 January 表紙：JAY TAYLOR HIGHLIGHTS 24 ナノポアはスタンダードになれるか 02 vol. 456 no.7220, 7221, 7222, 7223 Katharine Sanderson EDITORIAL NEWS & VIEWS 06 今年の話題の人は「装置の作り手」 28 光は神経系の形成に影響する Stefan Thor NATURE NEWS 30 砂に記された津波の記録 08 頭を冷やすと鳥の歌がゆっくりに Stein Bondevik 09 人為的な気候変化による JAPANESE AUTHOR アジアのモンスーン周期の崩壊 32 ウイルスを使わない iPS 細胞の樹立に成功！ NEWS FEATURE — 沖田 圭介 西村 尚子 10 2008 年、とっておき画像集 Emma Marris 英語で NAT URE 16 2008 年の科学賞受賞者たち 34 How the turtle got its shell Ashley Yeager カメが甲羅を生やすまで 18 「 失われた遺伝率」のミステリー Brendan Maher © 2009 年 NPG Nature Asia-Pacific www.nature.com/naturedigest 掲載記事の無断転載を禁じます。 J. HART, S. TAWFICK 06 10 M. DE VOLDER & W. WALKER/ 18 30 IKONOS IMAGES/CRISP; NATL M. BRICE/CERN UNIV. MICHIGAN D. PARKINS UNIV. SINGAPORE/GEOEYE 2009年1月8日 〒 162-0843 編 集 ・ 発 行 人：デ ィ ビ ッ ド・ス ウ ィ ン バ ン ク ス デザイン／制作：村上武、中村創 毎月第1木曜日発行 東京都新宿区市谷田町 2-37 千代田ビル 副発行人：中村康一 広告：米山ケイト NPG ネイチャー アジア・パシフィック Tel. 03-3267-8751 Fax. 03-3267-8754 編集：北原逸美、中野美香、田中明美 マーケティング：池田恵子 HIGHLIGHTS NATURE DIGEST | VOL 6 | JANUARY 2009 明されてきた。こうした振動は、南極とグリー 「起源」を越えて—ダーウィン生誕 200 年：人と著書を祝う ンランドの氷床コアに記録された CO2 や BEYOND THE ORIGIN — DARWIN 200 Celebrating the man and N2Oといった温室効果ガスの変動と関連して the book いる。この温室効果ガスの変動は、海洋の 2009 年 2 月はチャールズ・ロバート・ダーウィンの生誕 さまざまな物理過程や生物学的過程、陸上 200 周年に、そして 2009 年 11 月は彼の偉大な著書、『種 生物圏内の多様な変化の原因であると考え の起原』の出版 150 周年にあたる。19 世紀および 20 世紀 られている。A Schmittner と E Galbraith を通して、科学、政治、宗教、哲学、芸術へ及ぼした影響の は、氷期の気候と生物地球化学的サイクル 大きさについて、ダーウィンに比肩する科学者はほかにいない。 を 結 合 し た モ デ ル に よるシ ミュレ ー ション に 今週号では、ダーウィンの生涯や科学的業績、そして彼の残し Vol.
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Report
    Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute 2013-2014 annual report Table of Contents 2 Director’s Letter 3 History and Mission 4 ZNI Faculty 8 Faculty Research Programs 12 Scientific Advancements 23 Collaborations 37 Faculty News 41 Faculty Activities 43 Grants and Contracts 50 Special Lectures 51 4th Annual Zach Hall Lecture 52 1st Annual Zilkha Symposium on Alzheimer’s Disease & Related Disorders 54 Academic Activities 56 Neurodegeneration Journal Club/NRSA Grant Training 57 Los Angeles Brain Bee 58 Music to Remember - LA Opera/Alzheimer’s Association 59 ZNI Graduate Students 62 ZNI Postdoctoral Trainees 64 FY14 Faculty Publications 81 ZNI Administration 83 ZNI Development 1 Dear Friends, The World Health Organization estimates that devastating brain disorders and diseases affect more than one billion people worldwide. Last year, President Obama launched the BRAIN Initiative as a large-scale effort to equip researchers with fundamental insights necessary for treating a wide variety of brain disorders like Alzheimer’s, schizophrenia, autism, epilepsy, and traumatic brain injury. Research on the brain is surging. The United States and the European Union have launched new programs to better understand the brain. Scientists are mapping parts of mouse, fly and human brains at different levels of magnification. Technology for recording and imaging brain activity has been improving at a revolutionary pace. Yet the growing body of data—maps, atlases and so-called connectomes that show linkages between cells and regions of the brain— represents a paradox of progress, with the advances also highlighting great gaps in understanding. Specifically, interpreting these brain-wiring maps, and ultimately establishing the approach that physicians and scientists will use to treat neurological diseases, requires a clear understanding of brain circuitry, information that can only be obtained through basic research like the fine work being performed at ZNI.
    [Show full text]
  • 2019 Annual Report
    BRAIN & BEHAVIOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION 2019 ANNUAL REPORT Awarding research grants to develop improved treatments, cures, and methods of prevention for mental illness. BBRF is the world’s largest private funder of mental health research grants, supporting transformative discoveries in order to develop improved treatments, cures, and methods of prevention for our loved ones. CONTENTS Mission 4 BBRF Events 28 Leadership Letter 6 The Research Partners Program 42 Important Advancements 8 Team Up for Research 50 BBRF Scientific Council 12 2019 Donor Listing 52 2019 Leading Research Achievements 14 Getting the Word Out 76 BBRF Grants 18 Financial Summary 78 2019 Grants by Illness 20 The Research We Fund We invest in innovative research because we believe that only by pursuing the boldest and most ambitious ideas will we find better treatments, cures, and methods of prevention for mental illness. We are at the Forefront of Critical Discoveries Since 1987, the Brain & Behavior Research Foundation has awarded more than $408 million in grants that have led to discoveries that change the way we think about recovery. BBRF-funded research has contributed to: • FDA approval of the first rapid-acting antidepressants (esketamine and brexanalone) to alleviate severe depression symptoms within hours. • Dietary supplements for pregnant women to potentially help prevent subsequent mental illness in the child. • Development of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) and continued improvement of TMS and other non-invasive brain stimulation treatments for treatment-resistant depression and obsessive compulsive disorder. • Computer-guided training for cognitive remediation in people with schizophrenia. MISSION The Brain & Behavior Research Foundation is committed to alleviating the suffering caused by mental illness by awarding grants that will lead to advances and breakthroughs in scientific research.
    [Show full text]
  • Medicine@Yale
    Medicine@Yale Advancing Biomedical Science, Education and Health Care Volume 2, Issue 4 July/August 2006 A faster pipeline speeds new treatments from lab to patient fi ce of Cooperative Research (ocr), catalyzing the creation of brand-new to obtain Food and Drug Administra- Small biotechs which takes the lead in licensing the companies tailored to the needs of tion (fda) approval to test one of with big ambitions fruits of faculty labors to biotechnol- particular therapies. Crews’s cancer drugs in people. ogy and pharmaceutical companies, The result has been a signifi cant Likewise, Achillion Pharmaceu- hasten drug testing currently lists a dozen additional contraction of the time it takes to ticals, a start-up company whose potential therapies under license and move new treatments from licensing fi rst compound was discovered by The fl ow of discoveries from the medi- poised to start early stage clinical trials to fi rst trials in humans. For example, Yung-Chi “Tommy” Cheng, ph.d., cal school’s labs to patients in need (see graphic, p. 6). Proteolix, founded in 2003 to com- the Henry Bronson Professor of is proceeding at a blistering pace—in This unprecedented success in mercialize compounds discovered by Pharmacology, began a Phase I trial the last four years, no fewer than fi ve pushing investigators’ fi nds out of Craig M. Crews, ph.d., associate pro- of the drug to treat hiv⁄aids only new therapies invented by School of the lab comes from ocr’s strategy fessor of molecular, cellular and devel- a year and half after the company’s Medicine researchers have advanced of partnering with up-and-coming opmental biology and pharmacology, inception.
    [Show full text]
  • CV Franck Polleux
    Curriculum Vitae Franck Polleux, Ph.D. Professor Columbia University Department of Neuroscience Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute Kavli Institute for Brain Science 1108 NWC Building- MC 4862 550 West 120th Street New York, N.Y. 10027 Tel: 212-853-0407 Email: [email protected] Website: http://polleuxlab.com _______________________________________________________________________________________________ Education September 1992 to May 1997 Ph.D. in Neuroscience Claude Bernard University - Lyon (France) Thesis Director: Henry KENNEDY, Ph.D. June 1992 Bachelor’s Degree in Cellular Biology and Physiology Claude Bernard University-Lyon (France) Professional Experiences November 2013 to present Professor Columbia University Department of Neuroscience Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute Kavli Institute for Brain Science July 2010 to October 2013 Professor The Scripps Research Institute- La Jolla, CA Dorris Neuroscience Center July 2008 to June 2010 Associate Professor University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Neuroscience Center – Department of Pharmacology October 2002 to July 2008 Assistant Professor University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Neuroscience Center – Department of Pharmacology April 2000 to September 2002 Research Investigator INSERM (French National Institute of Health) U371 - FRANCE June 1997 to April 2000 Post-doctoral scholar Laboratory of Anirvan GHOSH - Ph.D. Johns Hopkins University – School of Medicine Baltimore, MD (USA) Honors and Awards 1993-1997 Graduate Training Award from the
    [Show full text]
  • Acknowledgment of Reviewers, 2009
    Proceedings of the National Academy ofPNAS Sciences of the United States of America www.pnas.org Acknowledgment of Reviewers, 2009 The PNAS editors would like to thank all the individuals who dedicated their considerable time and expertise to the journal by serving as reviewers in 2009. Their generous contribution is deeply appreciated. A R. Alison Adcock Schahram Akbarian Paul Allen Lauren Ancel Meyers Duur Aanen Lia Addadi Brian Akerley Phillip Allen Robin Anders Lucien Aarden John Adelman Joshua Akey Fred Allendorf Jens Andersen Ruben Abagayan Zach Adelman Anna Akhmanova Robert Aller Olaf Andersen Alejandro Aballay Sarah Ades Eduard Akhunov Thorsten Allers Richard Andersen Cory Abate-Shen Stuart B. Adler Huda Akil Stefano Allesina Robert Andersen Abul Abbas Ralph Adolphs Shizuo Akira Richard Alley Adam Anderson Jonathan Abbatt Markus Aebi Gustav Akk Mark Alliegro Daniel Anderson Patrick Abbot Ueli Aebi Mikael Akke David Allison David Anderson Geoffrey Abbott Peter Aerts Armen Akopian Jeremy Allison Deborah Anderson L. Abbott Markus Affolter David Alais John Allman Gary Anderson Larry Abbott Pavel Afonine Eric Alani Laura Almasy James Anderson Akio Abe Jeffrey Agar Balbino Alarcon Osborne Almeida John Anderson Stephen Abedon Bharat Aggarwal McEwan Alastair Grac¸a Almeida-Porada Kathryn Anderson Steffen Abel John Aggleton Mikko Alava Genevieve Almouzni Mark Anderson Eugene Agichtein Christopher Albanese Emad Alnemri Richard Anderson Ted Abel Xabier Agirrezabala Birgit Alber Costica Aloman Robert P. Anderson Asa Abeliovich Ariel Agmon Tom Alber Jose´ Alonso Timothy Anderson Birgit Abler Noe¨l Agne`s Mark Albers Carlos Alonso-Alvarez Inger Andersson Robert Abraham Vladimir Agranovich Matthew Albert Suzanne Alonzo Tommy Andersson Wickliffe Abraham Anurag Agrawal Kurt Albertine Carlos Alos-Ferrer Masami Ando Charles Abrams Arun Agrawal Susan Alberts Seth Alper Tadashi Andoh Peter Abrams Rajendra Agrawal Adriana Albini Margaret Altemus Jose Andrade, Jr.
    [Show full text]
  • Notes and References
    Notes and References Caveat: The Dangers of Behavioral Biology The contents of this book are known to be dangerous. I do not mean that in the sense that all ideas are potentially dangerous. Specifically, ideas about the biological basis of behavior have encouraged political tendencies and movements later regretted by all decent people and condemned in school histories. Why, then, purvey such ideas? Because some ideas in behavioral biology are true—among them, to the best of my knowledge, the ones in this book—and the truth is essential to wise action. But that does not mean that these ideas cannot be distorted, nor that evil acts cannot arise from them. I doubt, in fact, that what I say can prevent such distortion. Political and social movements arise from worldly causes, and then seize whatever congenial ideas are at hand. Nonethe- less, I am not comfortable in the company of scientists who are content to search for the truth and let the consequences accumulate as they may. I therefore recount here a few pas- sages in the dismal, indeed shameful history of the abuse of behavioral biology, in some of which scientists were willing participants. The first episode is recounted in William Stanton’s The Leopard’s Spots: Scientific Atti- tudes Toward Race in America, 1815–59 (Chicago: University of Chicago, 1960). Such names as Samuel George Morton, George Robins Gliddon, and Josiah Clark Nott mean little to present-day students of anthropology, but in the difficult decades between the death of Jeffer- son and the Civil War, they founded the American School of Anthropology.
    [Show full text]
  • Some Milestones in History of Science About 10,000 Bce, Wolves Were Probably Domesticated
    Some Milestones in History of Science About 10,000 bce, wolves were probably domesticated. By 9000 bce, sheep were probably domesticated in the Middle East. About 7000 bce, there was probably an hallucinagenic mushroom, or 'soma,' cult in the Tassili-n- Ajjer Plateau in the Sahara (McKenna 1992:98-137). By 7000 bce, wheat was domesticated in Mesopotamia. The intoxicating effect of leaven on cereal dough and of warm places on sweet fruits and honey was noticed before men could write. By 6500 bce, goats were domesticated. "These herd animals only gradually revealed their full utility-- sheep developing their woolly fleece over time during the Neolithic, and goats and cows awaiting the spread of lactose tolerance among adult humans and the invention of more digestible dairy products like yogurt and cheese" (O'Connell 2002:19). Between 6250 and 5400 bce at Çatal Hüyük, Turkey, maces, weapons used exclusively against human beings, were being assembled. Also, found were baked clay sling balls, likely a shepherd's weapon of choice (O'Connell 2002:25). About 5500 bce, there was a "sudden proliferation of walled communities" (O'Connell 2002:27). About 4800 bce, there is evidence of astronomical calendar stones on the Nabta plateau, near the Sudanese border in Egypt. A parade of six megaliths mark the position where Sirius, the bright 'Morning Star,' would have risen at the spring solstice. Nearby are other aligned megaliths and a stone circle, perhaps from somewhat later. About 4000 bce, horses were being ridden on the Eurasian steppe by the people of the Sredni Stog culture (Anthony et al.
    [Show full text]