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New Balkans in a Changing World with a Changing Europe Reconciliation, Tolerance and Human Security in the Balkans

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New Balkans in a Conference International ECPD the Eighth of Proceedings Europe with a Changing World Balkans in a Changing New New Balkans in a Changing World Changing World with a Changing Europe New Balkans in a with a Changing Europe Reconciliation, Reconciliation, Tolerance and Tolerance and Human Security Human Security in the Balkans Changing World in the Balkans Proceedings of the Proceedings of the Eighth ECPD with a Changing Eighth ECPD International Conference International Conference Europe Proceedings of the Eighth ECPD International Conference on Reconciliation, Tolerance and Human Security in the Balkans Editors: Takehiro Togo / Negoslav P. Ostojić / Jonathan Bradley 1983 1983 2013 2013 EUROPEAN CENTER FOR PEACE AND DEVELOPMENT UNIVERSITY FOR PEACE EST. BY THE UNITED NATIONS ISBN 978-86-7236-082-0 New Balkans in a Changing World with a Changing Europe Reconciliation, Tolerance and Human Security in the Balkans Proceedings of the eighth ECPD International Conference Belgrade, October 20, 2012 Editors: Takehiro Togo Negoslav P. Ostojić Jonathan Bradley 1983 2013 EUROPEAN CENTER FOR PEACE AND DEVELOPMENT UNIVERSITY FOR PEACE EST. BY THE UNITED NATIONS Published by European Center for Peace and Development (ECPD) of the University for Peace established by the United Nations Terazije 41, 11000 Beograd; phone: (+381 11) 3246-041, 3246-042 fax: 3240-673; 3234-082 e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] www.ecpd.org.rs Editor in-chief: Negoslav P. Ostojić, Executive Director of ECPD For the Publisher: Takehiro Togo / Negoslav P. Ostojić / Jonathan Bradley Editorial Board: Takehiro Togo Negoslav P. Ostojić Jonathan Bradley Albert Maes Todor Mirković Ljubiša Adamović Budimir Lazović Darko Tanasković Design Nataša Ostojić-Ilić Copy editing Ljiljana Martinovski / Irena Vuksanović Circulation 1 000 in English ISBN 978-86-7236-082-0 Printed by: Belgrade, 2013. CIP – Каталогизација у публикацији Народна библиотека Србије, Београд 316.485(497)(082) 316.4:316.32(497)(082) 364.2::316.37(497)(082) 341.213(4-672ЕУ:497)(082) INTERNATIONAL Conference on National and Inter-ethnic Reconciliation, Reli- gious Tolerance and Human Security in the Balkans (8 ; 2012 ; Belgrade) Proceedings of the Eighth ECPD International Conference, Belgrade, October 20, 2012 : Reconciliation, Tolerance and Human Security in the Balkans : New Balkans in a Changing World with a Changing Europe / editors Takeshiro Togo, Negoslav P. Ostojić, Jonathan Bradley. – Belgrade : European Center for Peace and Development (ECPD) of the University for Peace established by the United Nations, 2013 (Belgrade : Graficom). – 322 str. : graf. prikazi, tabele ; 23 cm Tiraž 1.000. – Napomene i bibliografske reference uz tekst. – Bibliografija uz pojedine radove. ISBN 978-86-7236-082-0 1. University for Peace. European Center for Peace and Development (ECPD ; Bel- grade) a) Помирење – Балканске државе – Зборници b) Глобализација – Балканске државе – Зборници c) Људска безбедност – Балканске државе – Зборници d) Европске интеграције – Балканске државе – Зборници COBISS.SR-ID 199718156 © All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form without permission in writing from the publisher Introduction Reconciliation, Tolerance and Human Security in the Balkans – New Balkans in a Changing World with a Changing Europe – Proceedings of the eighth ECPD International Conference Belgrade, October 20, 2012 The Eighth ECPD International Conference on “National and Inter-eth- nic Reconciliation, Inter-religious Tolerance and Human Security in the Balkans” (hereinafter referred to as the Eighth Conference) was held in Belgrade, on October 20, 2012. It represented a continuation of the imple- mentation of the ECPD international research and educational projects, under the same project initiated in 2005 and realized through the organi- zation of annual conferences and the work of the ECPD International Per- manent Study Group (IPSG). All ECPD international conferences and IPSG activities were devo- ted to the same goal: contribution to the strengthening of peace and deve- lopment in the region through inter-national/inter-ethnic reconciliation, and inter-religious tolerance in the Balkans and beyond. Most conferences were devoted to specific topics relevant to the conditions in Europe in general and its south-eastern region, the Balkans. The Eighth Conference was devoted primarily to the New Balkans in a changing world within a changing Europe. The Eighth Conference was attended by 107 participants, including prominent scientific and public figures from almost all parts of the world. High former and current governmental officials, representatives of nation- al academies of sciences and arts, professors from numerous prestigious European, American and Japanese universities, directors and members of several research institutes or centers, representatives of major religions in the region, representatives of diplomatic missions in Serbia – the ECPD host state, and others also attended the Conference and took part in its work. The Eighth Conference was attended by a number of journalists from almost all major news agencies in the region, who monitored and widely reported on the work of the Conference. The Eighth Conference was chaired by H.E. Prof. Dr Takehiro Togo, a distinguished Japanese diplomat and President of the ECPD Council. The Introduction iii President of the ECPD Honorary Council, H.E. Boutros Boutros-Ghali, former UN Secretary General, was unable to attend the Conference, but sent his Message which was presented accordingly. Apart from the Chairman's Opening Remarks and Boutros Boutros Ghali's Message, several other welcome addresses and/or introductory speeches were presented by H.E. Zoran Vujić, Assistant to the Minister of Foreign Affairs, Government of the Republic of Serbia, Prof. Dr John Maresca, Rector of the University for Peace established by the United Na- tions, H.E. Prof. Dr Albert Maes, President of the ECPD Executive Board, H.E. Sir James Mancham, President of the Global Peace Forum and oth- ers. H.E. Dr Erhard Busek, former Main Coordinator of the Stability Pact for South-Eastern Europe, delivered his keynote speech. More than one third of other participants presented their papers and/or spoke about current and acute issues indicated in the Conference Agenda and beyond. The majority of others also took part in the discus- sions. However, since the Conference lasted only one day, due to budget- ary constraints, many participants did not have a chance to express their opinions or discuss the papers of others. All presented papers, along with other relevant materials, are included in this publication, which will be widely distributed. The papers presented at the Eighth Conference are arranged in the following thematic order: – Greetings, Messages, Introductory Speeches; – Globalization and Its Impact on the World and European Union; – New Balkans in a Changing World: Directions, Causes, Conse- quences; – European Integration and Balkan Cooperation; – Human Security Concept Implementation. Presented Messages, Speeches 1. Opening Remarks, Welcome Addresses, Introductory Speeches In his capacity as President of the ECPD Council and Chairman of the Conference, H.E. Takehiro Togo in his Opening Remarks emphasized that through the conferences “we have had some success, but a lot re- mains to be done”. Referring to the current political and economic situ- ation in the Balkans, as well as the ECPD's accomplishments, Prof. Togo iv Proceedings of the Eighth ECPD International Conference elaborated briefly on the ECPD's tasks in the coming period with further orientation towards the Western Balkans. H.E. Boutros Boutros-Ghali, President of the ECPD Honorary Council and former UN Secretary-General, was unable to attend the Conference, he sent the Message appraising the ECPD's three decades of “useful and considerable work” in the promotion of peace, development and national cooperation. H.E. Boutros Boutros-Ghali expressed his wish for a success of the Conference and strongly “encouraged the ECPD to continue and strengthen its useful work on the New Balkans” – a region “where global political tectonic plates meet and interact”. The Rector of the University for Peace, Professor Dr John Maresca, in his introductory remarks, referred briefly to the organization and de- velopment of the ECPD, the oldest affiliation of the University of Peace. Prof. Maresca also remarked that during the armed conflicts in the West- ern Balkans the ECPD might have disappeared. But, on the contrary – “it re-emerged as a distinguished institution in favor of peace in the region”. H.E. Zoran Vujić, Assistant to the Minister of Foreign Affairs, Gov- ernment of the Republic of Serbia, on behalf of the Ministry and on his own behalf, expressed their welcome and their wish for a successful Con- ference. In Mr Vujić's view, the Western Balkans has made noticeable pro- gress towards peace and stability in recent years, but there are still numer- ous problems that must be addressed (Kosovo, Macedonia, Bosnia and Herzegovina). H.E. Albert Maes, President of the ECPD Executive Board, in his in- troductory speech, elaborated briefly on the situation in Europe where the ECPD carries out its mandatory tasks. Prof. Maes especially expressed his view that the European Economic and Monetary Union, which was based on a common macroeconomic policy and individual national budgetary financial interests, was unable in its current form to cope effectively with the global economic and financial crisis.
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