Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-12715-9 — a History of West Central Africa to 1850 John K

Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-12715-9 — A History of West Central Africa to 1850 John K. Thornton Index More Information

Index

adagueiros, 84, 85 Álvaro, marquis of Matari, 183 administration Álvaro, son of Pedro II, 173 Angola, 93–100, 120–121, 194–195, Álvaro I, king of Kongo, 66, 75, 78, 83, 250–253, 289–294, 323–325 133, 149 Lunda, 231–232 Álvaro II, king of Kongo, 66, 89, 102, 109, Viye, 302–303 124, 125, 133, 183 Afonso, duke of Mbamba 1780s, 278 Álvaro III Nimi a Mpanzu, king of Kongo, Afonso, duke of Nsundi 1610s, 111 125, 133, 153 Afonso, king of Loango, 177, 178 Álvaro IV, king of Kongo, 154, 159 Afonso, Mwene Nsundi 1592, 90 Álvaro V, king of Kongo, 159, 160 Afonso, son of Garcia II, 176 Álvaro VI, king of Kongo, 160, 164 Afonso I, king of Kongo, 7, 8, 22, 31, 33, Álvaro VII, king of Kongo, 177, 183 35, 39–41, 54, 58 Álvaro VIII, king of Kongo, 184 early reign, 42–45 Álvaro IX, king of Kongo, 184 Afonso II, king of Kongo, 68, 132 Álvaro XI, king of Kongo, 277, 278 Afonso III, king of Kongo, 200 Álvaro Afonso, duke of Nsundi 1590s, 125 Afonso V, king of Kongo, 279 Álvaro Mabambo, pretender to Kongo Afonso Álvares, Francisco, 286 throne, 344 Afonso Álvares de Pontes, king of Álvares, Gaspar, 121 Ndongo-Matamba, 239 Ambaca, 118, 135, 151, 194, 209, 251, 290 Afonso Mvemba a Mpanzu, 127 Ambriz, 324 Afonso Mvika Nzumba, duke of Ambrósio I, king of Kongo, 149, 153, 154 Nsundi, 133 Ambundu, v, 23, 36, 54, 56, 58, 67, 72, 82, Afonso da Silva, Brites, 286 84, 85, 89, 94, 173, 255 d’Aguiar, Rui, 44 amo, 98, 99 Agua Rosada, Kongo faction, 207, 277 Ana II Guterres da Silva, queen of Akwanda, 222, 223, 224, 226, 231, 232, Ndongo-Matamba, 240 233, 268, 307, 314, 315 Ana III, queen of Matamba, 288 Alexio I, king of Kongo, 281 Ana Afonso de Leão, queen of Kongo, 186, de Almeida, Francisco, governor of 206, 208, 210, 214, 277 Angola, 93, 98, 100 Ana Kamana, 325 de Almeida, Jerónimo, governor of ana murinda, 72 Angola, 93 Ana Nzumba a Mvemba, third daughter of Álvares da Cunha, António, governor of Afonso I, 133 Angola, 230, 241, 289 Anastacio, ambassador of Kongo, 183 Álvares Reballo, Pedro, 101 André, marquis of Mpemba 1780s, 278

354

INDEX 355

André I, king of Kongo, 344 Bemba, 321 André II Vuzi a Lukeni, king of Bembe, 14, 23, 104, 189, 190, 191, 229, Kongo, 342 261, 262, 263, 264, 265, 297, 308 Battell, Andrew, 65, 66, 96, 103, 104 Bengo River, 73, 85, 102, 157, 165, 195, 282 Angola Benguela ﬁrst contacts, 76–79 expansion, 259–263 Angola Bumbambula, 57 Benin, 37, 38 Angola Inene, 57 Bernardo I, king of Kongo, 68, 74, 132 Angola Mussuri, 57 Bernardo II, king of Kongo, 124, 133 Anguvo, 315 Bieeng, 274 dos Anjos, Vicente, 38, 44 Bienge, 236 Antonian movement, 241–243 Bisa, 270 António, contender of throne of Ndongo- Blaeu, Johannes, 143 Matamba, 186 Boke, 136 António I, king of Kongo, 176, 182, 241 Bokila, 215 António II, king of Kongo, 280 Bolia, 236, 272, 349 António Manoel, count of Soyo, 127 bolsa de mandinga, 253 António Manoel, marquis of Funta, Bom Mboshi, king of Kuba, 216 Kongo ambassador to Rome, 108, 111 Bomba, 264 António Manoel, marquis of Musulu Bomba a Sucila, 288 1780s, 282 Bongo Lenge, king of Kuba, 215, 216 d’Anville, Jean Baptiste, 229 Botero da Romano, Giovanni, Capuchin Appolonia, 242 priest, 195 arimos, 99, 102, 156, 195, 251, 252, 292 Brazil, 47, 53, 78, 88, 119, 129, 135, 140, d’Atri, Marcellino, Capuchin priest, 205, 153, 156, 162, 163, 165, 166, 171, 173, 214, 252, 253 291, 292, 323, 324, 351 Axila Mbanza, 105, 106, 107, 113 Buali, 65, 137, 306 Buatu, king of Loango, 306 Baixa de Cassange, 155 Buki, son of Kumwembe Ngombo, 322 Banha Cardoso, Bento, governor of Bukkameale, 138, 177, 201 Angola, 114, 128 Bantu migration, 2–4 Cabambo, 235 Bantu speakers, 2 Cabinda, 324 Barbara, sister of Njinga, 186 Cacoma Milonga, 310, 318, 319 Barbuda d’Aguiar, Francisco, 79, 83 Caconda, Portuguese presidio, 260, Baretto da Silva, António, prince of 297, 340 Soyo, 202 Calumba, 262 Baretto da Silva, António II, 203, 204, Cambambe, 93, 290, 292 205, 207 Cambuinda, 261 Baretto da Silva, Cosmo, prince of Campoculo, 270 Soyo, 247 Cão, Gaspar, bishop of São Tomé, 62, 80 Baretto da Silva, Francisco, prince of Capuchins, 166–169, 176, 177 Soyo, 248 Cardoso, Mateus, 25, 29, 113, 119, 126, Baretto da Silva, Pedro V, prince of 127, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 136, Soyo, 247 138, 141 Baretto da Silva e Castro, António III, Carionguo, 115 prince of Soyo, 207, 246 Carmelites, 252 de Barros da Silva, António, 229 Carolos, 145 Baxo-ababa, king of Viye, 303 Carucuige, 235 Beatriz Kimpa Vita, 242 Cassange Caquinguri quiabangula, Being, 216 Kasanje king, 330

356 INDEX

de Castelo Branco, Mendes, 84 Ciruelo, Pedro, 168 Castro, António Joaquim, 344 Cisanje, king of Ngalangi, 339 de Castro, Francisco, 205, 207 Cisendi I, king of Mbailundu, 333, 334 de Castro, Rafael, 112, 144, 218, 230 Cisenje, 318 de Castro da Silva, Jeronimo Constantino, Civuki, king of Ngalangi, 340 prince of Soyo, 304 Civukuvuku, king of Mbailundu, 335 Catumbela River, 115, 159 Civula, 335 Cavazzi da Montecuccolo, Giovanni Classic Kisalian, 18 Antonio, 10, 26, 28, 29, 30, 57, 58, 63, Clement VIII, Pope, 108 70, 106, 107, 116, 117, 121, 122, 141, Cokwe, 311, 317–318 147, 164, 170, 171, 177, 178, 180, 186, copper, 14, 15, 26, 145, 196 188, 189, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195, 198, Correia Leitão, Manoel, 230 238, 250, 311 Correia de Sá e Benevides, Salvador, Cbo a Calunda, 115 governor of Angola, 171 census, Angola, 294 Correia de Sousa, João, governor of Cerveira Pereira, Manuel, governor of Angola, 118, 121, 123, 128, 129, 130, Angola and Benguela, 114 132, 134 Cezar de Menezes, Pedro, governor of Correia Samba a Ntumba, António, 118 Angola, 164 Cosme, marquis of Mpemba, 131 Cezar de Menezes, Rodrigo, governor of da Costa, Honorato, 312 Angola, 250, 257 Council of Trent, 167 Changala, 67 Counter Reformation, 157, 167, 168, 253 Cheques, Francisco, ruler of Nambu Cristina, mother of Garcia I, 148, 149 a Ngongo, 182, 257 Cunene River, 19, 189 Cheques, Joannes, ruler of Nambu da Cunha, Luis, 229 a Ngongo, 182 Cuval River, 193 Chibind [hunter] Yirung, 218 Chicova, 229 Dambi a Ngola, 118 Chiloanga chia Mukango, 137 Daniel I Miala mia Zimbwila, king of Chinyama cha Ngambo, 311 Kongo, 200 Chinyata, 234 Dembo, 128 Chishinga, 269 Dembo a Pe, 117, 151 Chiwidi, 234 Dembos, 23, 96, 102, 114, 129, 135, 152, Christianity 163, 165, 166, 172, 179, 181, 182, 194, Angola, 86–87, 157–158, 195, 253–254 210, 222, 251, 257, 294 Kongo, 46–48 demography, 4–7, 71–72, 294–295 Cibala, king of Viye, 302 Dias Musungo, António, commander of Cibend Kabwo, 219 guerra preta, 164 Cikombo, 313 Dias de Novais, Paulo, governor of Cikuetekole, king of Ngalangi, 340 Angola, 68, 69, 74, 82, 84, 91 Cikulupi, 263 Dias Pilarte, António, 253 Cilemo, 266 Diassa Bokulo, 212 cilolos, 221, 314, 315, 316, 318 Dilu, 347 Cimanda, 335 Dingy, 137 Cimbundu, 318 Diogo Cão, 37, 39 Cinge Liyabane, 334, 337 Diogo I, king of Kongo, 59, 63, 67, 132 Cingelesi, king of Ngalangi, 340 Donga, 240 Cingi I, king of Mbailundu, 298 Donge, 218, 219 Cingi I, king of Viye, 266 Dumba, King of Ngalangi, 340 Cingi II, king of Mbailundu, 333, 337 Dumba dia Mbanda, king of Ngalangi, 340 Cingolo, king of Ngalangi, 299, 341 Duodo, Pietro, 112

INDEX 357

Duque de Bragança, Portuguese Gongo Hamulanda, 265 presidio, 327 de Gouveia, Francisco, Jesuit priest, 69 Dutch, 110, 153, 198 Gouveia Sottomaior, Francisco, governor Dweme, 273 of São Tomé, 77, 79, 82, 96 Dzing, 222 da Graça, Gaspar, 80 Great Bomba Songo, 308 Ekovongo, 265, 334, 336, 337 Great Makoko, 22, 30, 43, 63, 80, 96, 138, Ekwikwi I, king of Mbailundu, 300, 301 140, 142, 176, 201, 214, 236, 237, 272 Elembe, 104, 105, 106 Great Zimbabwe, 19 Elena, sister of Joao II, 207, 245 Gregorio, Kongo court noble 1637, 160 de Encarnação, Luiz, Franciscan Gregorio, duke of Mbamba, 148 priest, 192 guerra preta, 100, 291 Encoge, 257, 258, 282, 285, 286, 327 Gunji, king of Mbailundu, 334 Escolastica, wife of Álvaro II, 149 Gunza a Bangela, 329 Ethiopia, 39, 49, 50, 112, 143, 145 Gunza Cabolo, 299 Evululu, 243 Gunza Mbambe, 187, 188, 190, 191, 240, 250 de Farias, Antonio, 260 Felipe Hari a Ngola, King of Ndongo, 165, Haku, 250, 266 178, 179, 187 Hanya, 159, 259, 260, 261 Fernando, count of Soyo, 110, 125 Hari a Kiluanje, king of Ndongo, 118, 151, Feti la Choya, 19, 20, 22, 23, 24, 104, 263 152, da Firenze, Giacinto, Capucin priest, 205 Hari a Sima, 326 Francisco I, king of Ndongo- Henrique I, king of Kongo, 74 Matamba, 239 Henrique II, king of Kongo, 343 Francisco II Kaluete ka Mbande, king of de Herder, Jan, 143 Ndongo-Matamba, 288, heterarchy, 16 Fungeno, 141, 142 Heyn, Piet, 135, 136 Funji, princess of Ndongo, 121 Hoho ria Ngola, queen of Ndongo, 150 Funta, 108, 109 Holo, 231, 232, 240, 285 Furtado de Mendonça, João, governor of Hombi a Njimbe, Central Highlands Angola, 93, 101 ruler, 103 Futila, 347 House of Kwilu, 134, 148, 149, 150, 154, 159, 160, 174, 183 da Galese, Filippo, Capuchin priest, 203 House of Mbata, 134 Gamitto, Joaquim Pedroso, 320 House of Nsundi, 134, 148, 149, 153, 159, Ganda, 259, 260, 261, 302 160, 163, 173, 174, 175, 176, 183 Garcia I, king of Kongo, 136, 148, 153 House of Soyo, 110, 111, 124, 126, 132, Garcia II, king of Kongo, 160, 165, 171 134, 148, 149, 150, 159, 160, 173, 174 Garcia III Agua Rosada, king of Kongo, Hunga Anmomga, 320 186, 202, 204 Hunga Munona, 269 Garcia IV, king of Kongo, 245 Hungu, 213, 214, 228, 235, 237, 238, 276, Garcia V Agua Rosada e Sardonia, king of 285, 286, 287, 288 Kongo, 280, 281, 284, 342 genetic studies, 3 Icolo e Bengo, 325 Gobby, 137 Ilamba, 54, 85, 87, 88, 92, 102, 114, 119, Gombe a Mukiama, 294 165, 170, 291 Gomes, Diogo (later Cornélio), Kongo Ilunga, 146 ambassador, 61 Ilunga Sunga, Luba ruler, 272 Gomes, Fernão, 37 Imbangala, 119 Gonçalves Pita, António, 97 origin, 104–106

358 INDEX

Imbe Kalundula, 104, 106 Kalala Ilunga, Luba ruler, 271 Impunga court, 335 Kalandula, Imbangala leader, 240, 258 Indian cloth, 290 Kalanyi River, 146 Inquisition, 79, 80, 81, 83, 95, 96, 243, 253, Kali ka Nsamba, 103 254, 297 Kalundwe, 146, 147, 218, 219, 223, 271, Isabela, sister of Maria Ne Kuku, 276 272, 314, 322 Isabella Manibuaxi, 277 Kalunga ka Kilombo, 238 Izabel Lukeni lua Mvemba, wife of Kalunga ka Kilungo, 238 Henrique I, 75 Kamana, 288 Kamasa ka Kiwende, 330 Jaga, 69, 74–77, 79, 80, 83, 102, 104, 114, Kambilambian, 18 134, 138, 140, 176, 201, 220, 258, 259, Kambo River, 181 264, 330 Kambo, princess of Ndongo, 121 Jaga invasion of Kongo, 74–76 Kambolo ka Ngonga, 331 Jahulu, 266 Kambund, 231 Jahulu, king of Mbailundu, 298 Kamuleke, 326 Jesuits, 5, 25, 29, 46, 56, 57, 61, 68, 69, 71, Kangombe, Imbangla leader, 115 72, 73, 79, 86, 87, 89, 90, 98, 99, 112, Kangombe, king of Viye, 303 120, 133, 134, 139, 149, 154, 156, 157, Kanina, 298 158, 160, 167, 195 Kanjungo, 338 João, duke of Mbata 1610s, 127 Kanonkesh, 234 João I Nzinga Nkuwu, king of Kongo, 30, Kanyembo, 320 31, 39 Kanyok, 147, 219–226, 231, 232, 233, 268, João II Ngola Hari, king of Ndongo, 187 269, 271, 272, 307, 314, 322 João II Nzuzi a Ntamba, king of Kanyoka, 146 Kongo, 204 Kapaka, 320 João Batista, Pedro, 312 Kapangano, king of Mbailundu, 300 João Guterres Ngola Kanini, king of Kapela, 343 Ndongo-Matamba, 181, 186 Kapend, Lunda leader, 237, 287 Joaquim I, king of Kongo, 281 Kapenda Yavu, 313 José I, king of Kongo, 278 Kapomba, 337 karula, 145, 147, 221, 311, 314 Kaala, 111 Kasa ka Ngola, Imbangala leader, 117, Kabongo, 136 150, 154 Kabasa, 58, 71, 92, 117 Kasai River, 13, 15, 17, 18, 23, 64, 94, 142, Kabey, 267 143, 146, 214, 216, 226, 230, 233, 235, Kabuku ka Mbilo, 87 236, 272, 322, 349 Kabuku ka Ndonga, Imbangala leader, 179 Kasanje, 1, 188–192, 222, 285, 289, 300, Kabunga, 29, 31, 58, 184 327–331 Kafuxi ka Mbari, 101, 105, 106, 107, Kasanje ka Kinguri, king of Kasanje, 192, 113, 151 208, 238 Kahenda, 195, 209, 210, 214, 238, 252, Kasanje Kalunga ka Kinguri, 189 255, 257, 293, 294 Kasanje, Imbangala band, 122 Kakembembe, king of Viye, 337 Kasanje, Imbangala leader, 155 Kakenge, 317 Kasanje, Imbangala kingdom, 146, 179, Kakonda, 198 187, 226, 237, 238 Kakonda, Imbangala band, 259, 302 Kasanze, 128 Kakonda, king in Benguela, 159 Kashidishi River, 268 Kakongo, 22, 25, 64, 139, 203, 248, Kasikola, 87, 88, 89, 91, 103 305, 346 Kasong, 227, 228, 231, 237, 274 Kala ka Mfusu, also Joao da Silva, 38 Kasongo Muni Puto, 274

INDEX 359

Kassongo, 146 Kiova, 14, 159, 199, 204 Katala, 250 Kiowa, 4, 58 Katema, 316 Kisalian, 18 Katende, 316 Kisama, 85, 101, 105, 113, 172, 180, Katira, 260 222, 250 Kavulo ka Kabasa, 116 Kitamba kia Xiba, 329 Kaye, 136, 137, 177 Kiteki ki Mbangela, 193 Kayemba Mukulu, 314 Kitombo, 185, 197 Kayungula, king of Viye, 338 Kitukulu ka Kariondo, 193 Kaza ka Ndongo, Imbangala leader, 118 Kivuzi, 343 Kazembe, 234–235, 269–271, Kizua, 250 319–321 Kola, 231 Kebongo, 237 Kolwezi, 234 Keshila, 234 Kongo, 16 Kete, 216, 222, 268 factionalism, 173–174, 183–184, Keve River, 191 206–207, 276–279 Kiambela, 261, 263 factions, 58–59, 159–160 Kiambole, 72 origin, 24–37 Kibaba, 265 social and political structure, 33–35 Kibala, court faction, 58 Kongo dia Nlaza, 79, 212 Kibangu, 206, 242 Kongolo, Luba founder, 147 Kibula, 302 Kont, 218 kijiko, 72, 187 Kosa, 234, 309 kikumba, 169 Koto Nche, 236 Kikupia, 338 Kuba, 13, 94, 144, 145, 215, 216, 236, 274, Kilenjes, 261, 298 323, 349 Kilonga kia Bungu, 69 Kuete M’bogi, 236 Kilongo, 65 Kukema River, 303 Kiluanje kia Ngonga, 331 kukwata, 314, 315, 316 Kimbangu, 186, 206, Kulaxingo, 238, 327, 328, 330, 208 331 Kimone, 250 Kumpukunu, 237 Kimpanga kia Nkange a Kalanda, 326 Kumwembe Ngombo, Luba King, 322 Kimpanzu, Kongo faction, 184, 200, 206, Kundi, 95, 111, 141, 196, 212, 245, 247, 281 214 kimpasi, 168 Kutana kwa Mbuka, Yaka King, 190 Kina, 286 Kuvo River, 193 Kinanga, king of Kongo, 33 Kwa River, xvii, xviii, 1, 5, 20, 23, 24, 43, Kinda, Imbangala leader, 151 54, 55, 57, 64, 69, 70, 71, 73, 74, 78, Kindoki, 7, 21 79, 84, 86, 93, 96, 100, 101, 102, 103, Kindonga Islands, 119 105, 106, 107, 111, 113, 114, 117, 120, Kingdom of Benguela, 70, 103, 104, 136, 142, 143, 147, 152, 154, 156, 158, 105, 113 166, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191, 194, 208, Kingela kia Ngombe, 106 217, 220, 228, 229, 230, 231, 232, 233, Kingo a Hanga, 208, 239 234, 237, 239, 244, 250, 251, 257, 258, Kinguri, 218, 226, 311, 339 263, 264, 266, 267, 268, 274, 275, Kinguri kia Bangala, 238, 327 285, 287, 292, 293, 298, 299, 300, Kinkonja, 322 302, 304, 308, 311, 312, 325, 327, 328, Kinlaza, Kongo faction, 161, 183, 184, 185, 329, 330, 331, 333 199, 245, 276, 281, 283, 343 Kwengela ka Nkombe, 117 Kinzamba, 261 Kwilu River, 228

360 INDEX

de Lacerda e Almeida, Francisco José expansion, 223–225 Maria, 271 Lunda Empire, 1, 5 Lake Mai Ndombe, 17, 18, 50, 64, 142, Lunda Plateau, 1 143, 236, 272, 273 Lushiko River, 227 Lake Mweru, 217, 269 Luso-Africans, 70, 80, 84, 95, 96, 97, 131, Late Stone Age, 2 172, 187, 194, 251, 266, 292, 293, 298, Lázaro, son of Pedro II, 173, 175 325, 332, 337, 338 de Lencastre, António, governor of Luvale, 308, 310 Angola, 296, 299 Luvota, 278 Leonor, sister of Daniel da Silva count of Luyana, 310–311 Soyo, 174 Leonor Afonso, daughter of Álvaro I, Macosse, 306 148, 174 Madimba, 343 Leonor Nzinga a Nlaza, 40 Maﬁnda, 279, 283 Libolo, 190, 250, 328 de Magalhães, João Jacques, governor of libongo, 14, 196 Angola, 250 da Licodia, Francesco, Capuchin Magyar, Lázló, 5, 338 priest, 185 Mai, 146 Loango, 44, 136–139, 176–178, 249, Makolo, 319 305–307, 336–339 Makunda, 249 origin, 64–65 makuta, 14, 196 Lobo da Silva, Luis, governor of Malaji, 233 Angola, 260 Malamba a Hoji, 194 Lopes, Duarte, Kongo ambassador, 25, 41, Malebo Pool, 7, 13, 18, 20, 24, 30, 141 66, 75, 81, 91, 108 Malemba, 324 Lourenço Ferreira da Cunha, king of Malemba, region in Gangela, 288 Mbailundu, 333 Maluma Bieme, king of Ngeliboma, 142 Lovo, 26, 27, 48 Malundo, 285, 294, 308 Luba Empire, 19, 147, 219, 271–272, 314, Manbuku, Ngoyo title, 304 321–323 Mandongo, 273 Luba, Western, 226 Manga, 279 Lubilashi River, 147 Manguenzo, 6, 9, 248, 305 Lubolo, 189 Mani Boman, 306 Lucia Baretto da Silva, 248 Mani Damma, 213 Lueque, 298 Mani Ntangua, 213 Luimbe, 337 Mani Sasa, 213 Luis Guterres, king of Ndongo- Manuel II, king of Kongo, 245 Matamba, 186 Manuel Afonso, duke of Mbamba, 148 Luisa wife of Pedro II, 148 Manuel da Silva, king of Ngoyo, 202 Lukala lua Kiyanga, 288 Manuel Jordão, duke of Nsundi, 149, 150, Lukala River, 73, 86, 92, 95, 106, 116, 117, 154, 174 153, 286, 326, 327 Manuel Messo Ababo, king of Lukelo, 278 Mbailundu, 301 Lukeni lua Nimi, 27, 28, 29, 32, 33, 133, Manuel, Mwene Soyo, 1491, 31 184, 274, 347 Maria Ne Kuku, 276 Lukeni lua Nsanzi, 27 Maria Nkenke, 248 Lukunga River, 208 Mashita Mbansa, 144, 227 Lukwesa, 320 Massangano, 92, 120, 194, 293 Lulo, 79 Matamba, 23, 92, 119, 156, 251, 285, 325 Lulua River, 24, 147, 226, 234, 274 matrons, 148, 149, 174, 206 Lunda, 145, 217–221, 271, 275, 313–315 Mayumba, 64, 137

INDEX 361

Mbailundu, 5, 265–266, 298, 301, 332–336 Mozambique, 116, 193, 229, 230, 270, Mbailundu war, 300 298, 312, 319, 352 Mbal, Lunda ruler, 268 Mpangala, 25, 28, 29, 31 Mbala, 103, 104, 115, 193, 326, 327 Mpangu, 60, 63, 69, 279 Mbamba, 42, 282 Mpanzalumbu, 32, 41, 43, 52 Mbanda Kasi, battle of, 131 Mpanzu a Kitemu,, 40 Mbande Ngola Kiluanje, king of Ndongo, Mpanzu a Nzinga. See Mpanzu a Kitemu 106, 107 Mpemba, 25, 28, 29, 31, 59, 90, 95, 109, Mbande Ngola Kiluanje, 107, 116, 117 126, 130, 131, 148, 150, 173, 176, 184, Mbandua, king of Viye, 336 200, 206, 208, 253, 277, 278, 279, 320 Mbanza Kongo, 25, 28, 29, 34, 36, 37, 39, Mpemba Kasi, 25, 26, 27, 48, 53, 68, 71, 76, 77, 81, 85. See also Mpinda, 39, 55, 67, 70, 80, 95, 97, 110, São Salvador 211, 249 Mbanza Mbata, 7, 20 Mpungu a Ndongo, 114, 118, 144, 186, Mbanza Soyo, 6, 7, 197, 200 187, 188, 250 Mbata, 25, 27, 28, 31, 32, 41, 42, 43, 59, 60, Mput’iyola, 236 63, 64, 74, 76, 94, 96, 109, 127, 141, Mseka, 322 148, 149, 160, 276, 284 Mubanga, 117, 151 Mbondo, 208, 329, 330 mubika, 53, 72 Mbonge, king of Mbailundu, 336 Mucunya, 302 Mbop a Mabiinc MaBuul, 349 Muekalia, 334 Mbula, 184, 200, 201, 203, 204, 205, 206, Mujeto, 287 241, 242, 246, 276 Mujinga a Teka, 286 Mbumba a Kasanje, 331 Mujmbo a Kalunga, 308 Mbumbi, 95, 130, 131, 134, 184, 282 Mukaleng, 224 Mbunda Kambuakatepa, 340 Mukari, 330 Mbwa Lau, 280 Mukaz, Lunda ruler, 225, 233, 267, Mbwela, 253, 257, 258, 286 307, 314 Mbwila, 23, 102, 128, 152, 163, 172, 180, Mukondo, 243 182, 183, 185, 188, 193, 195, 210, 238, Mulaj II, Lunda ruler, 350 242, 254, 257, 282, 286 Mulaj a Cibang, 269 de Medeiros, Francisco, 74, 76, 79, 80 Muland, Lunda ruler, 224, 267 de Melo, Fernão, 51 Mungi, 235 Mendes de Vasconcelos, Luis, governor of Munyanji, 215 Angola, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 123, Munza, Ambundu leader, 36, 42, 54 128, 151, 152, 155, 163, 189 Murili, 288 Mesquitela Lima, Augusto Guilhermo, 19 murinda, 56, 57, 58, 73, 106 Mﬁnda Ngula, 185 Mushie, 64, 273 Mfumu Maria, 242 Musulu, 29, 31, 43, 67, 282 Miambula, 338 Musumba, 6, 237 Miguel da Silva e Castro, prince of Mutanda, ruler of Kosa, 234 Soyo, 304 Muteb, Lunda ruler, 224, 225 Miguel da Silva, Kongolese priest, 253 Muteb, nephew of Nawej II, 349 Miguel, count of Soyo, 1590s, 91, 110, 125 Muteba Yinda, 274 Mikomi Mbul, 349 Mutemo a Kinjenga, 255 Mingole, 137 Mutombo Mukulu, 146, 147, 218, 219, Moma, king of Viye, 336 221, 272, 314 money, 197–199 Muxima, 86, 170, 171, 250, 253 Monsol, 140 Muxinda, 285 de Moraes, Vicente, 253 Muzumbu a Kalungu, 191, 192, 264 Mosongos, 143, 144, 145 Mvemba Etona, João, 305

362 INDEX

Mwadiat, nephew of Nawej II, 349 Ngola Mbande, king of Ndongo, 117 Mwanta Kumbana, 227 Ngola Njimbo, 191, 260 Mweka, 215 Ngoleme a Kakombe, 187 Mwene Kionzo, 120 Ngolomene, 71 Mwene Kudya, 72 Ngombe a Mukiama, 102 Mwene Lumbo, 73 Ngongo, 274 Mwene Misete, 73 Ngongo Mbata, 7, 95 Mwene Muji, 17, 22, 63, 64, 74, 76, 80, Ngoyo, 22, 25, 64, 139, 198, 211, 248, 249, 142, 143, 236 304, 305 Mwene Soyo, 31, 39 Nicolau I, king of Kongo, 245 Mwenemutapa, 229 Nimi a Maye, 214, 215 Nimi a Nzima, Kongo ruler, 27 Nambu a Ngongo, 23, 96, 102, 103, 128, Njimbe, king of Loango, 65, 136 129, 130, 165, 182, 282 Njimbe, Viye plotter, 334, 337 da Navidade, Manuel, bishop of Njinga, queen of Ndongo and Matamba, Angola, 203 xvii, 13, 121, 135, 150, 154–156, 163, Nawej, Lunda king, 219, 220, 223 179–181 Nawej, Lunda usurper, 232 alliance with Dutch, 165–166 Nawej I, Lunda ruler, 313 Njinga Mona, 155, 170, 179, 180, 181, 186, Nawej II, Lunda ruler, 313 188, 208 Nbangu a Kutana kwa Mbuka, 190 Njinga Ngola Kilombo kia Kasenda, king Ndala a Kamana, king of Matamba, 325 of Ndongo, 83, 84, 85, 87, 106 Ndala Kingo a Hanga, Luis, 208 Nkenge a Lukeni, 276 Ndala Kitunga, 87 nkisi, 45, 47 Ndala Maunyo, 329 Nkondo, 206, 208, 276 Ndambe a Ngola, king of Ndongo, 68 Nkongolo, 271 Ndongo, 1, 16, 50, 52, 54, 81 Nkonko, 343 origins, 56–58 Nkua, 237 Portuguese contacts, 70 Nlaza, 33 social and political structure, 71–73 Nova Oeiras, 291 Ndonji, 189 Nsaku Elau, 27, 32 Ndumbu, king of Ngalangi, 340 Nsi a Kwilu, 26, 27, 29, 35 Ne Fulu, 343 Nsongela, 343 Ne Wilu, 343 Nsonso, 79, 211, 212, 213, 214, 228, 234, Nekumbi, 347 237, 241, 244, 275, 276, 277, 285–287, Nemlau, 346 288, 304 Nepomucena Correia, João, 302 Nsundi, 29, 30, 63, 69, 207 Nezinga, 347 Ntinu Nsaku, 343, 344 Ng’anga Mbilonda, 235, 269 Ntinu Wene, 25, 26 Ngalangi, 18, 19, 20, 261, 262, 263, 264, Ntumba, daughter of Afonso, 159 297, 298, 299, 338, 339, 340, 341 Nyemba, 303, 338 Nganga Mvumbi, 307, 345 Nzadi, 139 Ngangela, 190 Nzambi a Mpungu, 45 Ngangwe, king of Ngalangi, 340 Nzari a Kakongo, 203 Ngeliboma, 142, 214, 236, 237, 272, nzimbu shells, 31, 43, 58, 77, 196, 273, 349 290 Ngola Hari, King of Ndongo, 118, 152, 157 Nzinga Mvemba, eldest daughter of Ngola Kiluanje, king of Ndongo, 54, 69 Afonso I, 132 Ngola Kiluanje kia Ndambe, king of Ndongo, 68, 69, 70, 74, 83, Okanga, 94, 95, 96, 111, 112, 116, 136, 139, Ngola Kilunaje, king of Ndongo, 68, 140, 141, 142, 143, 145, 212

INDEX 363

de Oliveira de Cadornega, António, 25, Quitala, 298 169, 209 Quitango, 71 Ossi, 20, 23, 104 Ovimbundu kingdoms, 297, 300, 332, 339 Rafael, court ofﬁcial in Kongo 1591, 90 Rafael, king of Kongo, 184 Pascal Fernandez Quemba, 190 rafﬁa cloth, 12 Paulo, count of Soyo 1630s, 139, 148, Rangel Homem, bishop of Kongo, 108 160, 162 Recollets, 198 Paulo II da Silva, prince of Soyo, 177, 183 dos Reis Magros, Calixto Zelotes, Paulo III da Silva, prince of Soyo, 199 Kongolese priest, 179 Paulo IV Generoso da Silva, prince of religion, African, 45–46 Soyo, 247 renda, 33, 34, 40, 74, 91, 150, 290 Paulo Afonso, duke of Mbamba, 130 Riabunda, 329 Paulo Caetano de Albuquerque, Governor Ribeiro, Manuel, Jesuit priest, 195 of Angola, 259 Rimba, 194 da Pavia, Andrea, Capuchin Rodrigues Coutinho, João, governor of priest, 204 Angola, 94, 99, 107, 290 Pedro, son of Pedro II da Silva Rodrigues Graça, Joaquim, 5, 223, 224, e Castro, 173 225, 315, 316, 319, 320, 321, Pedro I, king of Kongo, 58, 59, 67 323, 325 Pedro II, king of Kongo, 126, 129, 148, 153 Rome, 12, 25, 41, 48, 49, 60, 66, 75, 79, 81, Pedro II da Silva e Castro, prince of 82, 107, 108, 109, 111, 112, 127, 139, Soyo, 198 148, 163, 169, 172, 177, 203, 244, Pedro III Nsimba a Ntamba, king of 247, 275 Kongo, 184, 200, 201, 203 Rukonkesh, 221, 314 Pedro IV, king of Kongo, 8, 207, 208, 211, Rusenge, 221, 224 212, 242, 243, 244, 245, 246, 247, Ruwej, Lunda queen, 218, 219, 252, 276, 277, 220, 221 Pelende Kobo, 275 Pende, 143 St. Anthony, possessing D. Beatriz, 242 Pernambuco, 156, 162, 165 St. Thomas, 47, Pereira Coutinho, Manuel, governor of Sala Mpasu, 147, 222, 223 Angola, 155, 156, 163, 164 Saldanha, Pedro, 13, 142 Pereira da Cunha, João, 254 de Saldanha de Albuquerque Castro, Pereira Forjaz, Manuel, governor of António, governor of Angola, 250 Angola, 95 Saldanha da Gama, António, governor of Pigafetta, Filippo, 12, 25, 82, 108 Angola, 314, 330 Pinheiro de Lacerda, Paulo Martins, 291 salt mines, 113 Piri, 65 Sambu, 266 Pombe Jobbe, 306 Sangha River, 2 pombeiros, 6, 96, 240, 312, 313, 330 Sangi a Ndala, 88 population density, 4 de Santa Maria, Rodrigo, 60, 61 de Portalegre, João, 46 de Santo Sacramento, Diego, 48, 50 Potencia, mother of Joao II, 207 dos Santos da Silva, Ana Joaquina, Prester John, 49, 50, 63, 64, 112, 116, 325, 337 143, 145 de São Estevão, António, bishop of Pumbapumba, 286 Kongo, 108 Pyang, 216 São João Evangelista, Convent, 38 São Salvador, 6, 7, 8, 11, 81, 89, 90, 95, 96, de Quadra, Gregorio, 49 108, 109, 112, 125, 136, 153, 159, 160, Quipeyo, 298 172, 173, 183, 184, 185, 199, 200, 201,

364 INDEX

203, 205, 206, 207, 208, 242, 244, de Sousa, Fernão, governor of Angola, 135, 245, 276, 277, 278, 279, 283, 286, 151, 152 342, 348 de Sousa Coelho, Pero, 129 São Tomé, 8, 33, 37, 47, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, de Sousa Coutinho, Francisco, governor of 54, 60, 61, 62, 67, 68, 76, 77, 79, 80, Angola, 288 81, 82, 95, 108, 109 de Souto, Francisco, 239 da Savona, Cherubino, Capuchin Soyo, 31, 90, 125, 197–199, 200, 202–205, missionary, 275 206–207, 275, 304–305, 345 Sebastião I, king of Kongo, 245, 278 St. Eloy. See São João Evangelista, Sebastião I, king of Portugal, 76 Convent Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo, state, deﬁnition, 17 marquis de Pombal, 289 Suicilo Bamba, 264 Sebastião Mazala ma Samba, Mwene Sumbe, 193 Wembo 1592, 90 Sumbe a Mbala, 115 Sebetwane, 319 Sumpi, 279, 342 See of Utica, 48 Sunzi, 211 Selage, 136 Suzanna de Nóbrega, queen of da Serravezza, Antonio, Capuchin priest, Kongo, 206 189, 192 Swan Mulop, 221 sesmaria, 98 Swan Mulund, 221, 314 Seven Kingdoms of Kongo dia Nlaza, 13, 24, 25, 26, 27, 29, 56, 63, 64, 65, 74, Távares, Pedro, 120, 157 76, 80, 139, 141, de Tavora, Francisco, governor of Shila, 269 Angola, 184 Shimat Citend, 219 Tembo Andumba, 189, 317 shrine of Our Lady of Mpinda, 249 tendala, 72, 329 Shyaam, founder of Kuba, 215 Teodosio, duke of Mbamba, 184 da Silva, António, duke of Mbamba, de Teruel, Antonio, 7, 133 1610s, 110, 124, 126 Tete, 229, 264, 271, 308, da Silva, Daniel, count and prince of Soyo, 309 110, 165, 166, 173 Texeira de Mendonça, António, 187 da Silva, Daniel, duke of Mbamba 1630s, textile production, 12–14 150, 159 Toni de Lukeni, 274 da Silva, Estevão I, prince of Soyo, 185 Tubungu, 147, 218 da Silva, Jerónimo, prince of Soyo, 247 Tukongo, 222, 233 da Silva, Pedro Constantinho, 205, 208, 242, 243, 245 Ulundo, 265 da Silva de Castro, Estevão II, prince of Umbundu, xviii, xx, 19, 20, 70, 103, 106, Soyo, 197, 202 190, 191, 229, 259, 263, 264, 266, Simões Brandão, Luis, bishop of 335, 336 Angola, 252 Upemba Depression, 18, 19, 271, 272 slave trade, 52–53 Angola, 113–114, 254–257, 323–325 van Geel, Joris, 169 Soares, Manuel Bautista, bishop of Vansina, Jan, xv, xvi, xvii, xviii, xix, 13, 16, Kongo, 109 17, 18, 19, 20, 22, 23, 24, 63, 64, 75, Soares Lasso, Lopo, 191 76, 94, 105, 142, 143, 144, 147, 192, Songo, 13, 71, 94, 113, 156, 189, 190, 191, 215, 216, 217, 220, 222, 228, 230, 231, 196, 216, 264, 265, 288, 289, 308, 233, 236, 274, 296, 308, 326, 312, 330 328, 349 Songo, district in Gangela, 71 de Vasconcelos, António, governor of Songo, territory in Lower Kwilu, 144 Angola, 257

INDEX 365

de Vasconcellos da Cunha, Francisco, Xa Makeka a Ngombe, 317 governor of Angola, 164 Xa-Dingiri, 260 Verónica I, queen of Ndongo- Xalangongo, 261 Matamba, 209 Xavier Lopes, Francisco, 338 Verónica II, queen of Ndongo-Matamba, Xind, 234 237, 287 Vidal de Negreiros, André, governor of Yaka, 229 Angola, 182 Yamba, 261 Vieira, António, Kongo ambassador, Yambi ka Mbirisi, king of Loango, 60, 108 137, 138 Vili, 257, 280, 281, 293, 325 Yavu, Yal Mak, early Lunda leader, Violante, queen of Wandu, 286 218 Viye, 5, 6, 264, 300, 330, 332, 336–339 Yavu I, Lunda ruler, 268, 307, Vunda, 25, 28, 30, 31, 32, 38, 59, 312 108, 183, 184, 280, 284, 342, Yavu II, Lunda ruler, 268 343 Yavu a Nawej, Lunda ruler, 225, 226, 227, Vungu, 22, 25, 27, 35, 64, 66, 138 229, 230, 231, 232, 234 Yirung, Lunda founder, 223 Wamba River, 112, 143, 274 Wambu, 263, 298, 333 Zambezi River, 1, 230, 310, Wandu, 179, 210, 214 318 warfare, 86–87, 88 Zimbo, 189 Njinga, 169–170 Zombo, 287 Wembo, 31, 59, 90, 109, 126, 205, 206, da Zucchelli, Antonio, Capuchin 277, 280, 344 priest, 211 witchcraft, 40, 46, 167, 168, 198, 242, 243, Zumbo, 271 254, 265, 281, 303, 343 Zumbwa Vumfu, 274