Hans Paul Kaufmann (1889-1971)

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Hans Paul Kaufmann (1889-1971) 802 GIANTS FROM THE PAST inform • December 2004 • Volume 15 (12) Hans Paul Kaufmann (1889-1971) Gerhard Knothe macy and chemical technology in 1946. He including chromatography and various indices became professor emeritus in 1958, although such as thiocyanogen number, diene num- acting as director of the pharmacy and food ber, and others which were used for sys- chemistry institute until April 1959. tematic analysis. Other subjects such as Although Kaufmann’s scientific con- reactions of fats, physical properties, oxi- tributions in the field of fats and oils are dation, polymerization as well as applied probably his best known, he did not publish research also found Kaufmann’s interest. in this area until 1925 according to his pub- Kaufmann distinguished himself not lication list. The thesis of his Habilitation only through his numerous scientific con- was concerned with the cyclization of acety- tributions but also through his prolific ans Paul Kaufmann, a renowned and lene. Until 1925, most of his publications and relentless organizing and adminis- Hprolific lipid chemist and founder dealt with pharmaceutical chemistry and a trative activities, including those on behalf of the International Society for Fat Research variety of other subjects, including hetero- of professional organizations, which are (ISF), was born October 20, 1889 in Frankfurt cycles and keto-enol tautomerism. He was too numerous to discuss in detail in this (Main), Germany. After graduating from even involved in the founding of a company, brief article. The founding of the German high school, he studied chemistry in Jena, the Chemische Werke Rudolstadt, which Society for Fat Science (Deutsche Gesell- Heidelberg, and Berlin. He obtained his gave him experience in industrial technol- schaft für Fettforschung; DGF) in October Ph.D. in January 1912 in Jena with the well- ogy and from which he departed in 1925. 1936 was a major contribution. The DGF known heterocyclic and pharmaceutical His first contact with a lipid chemist, could be seen as a successor organization chemist Ludwig Knorr (1859-1921) as F. Krafft, dates to about 1911 during stud- to another organization known by its German Doktorvater. ies in Heidelberg. In Berlin, he studied with acronym as the Wizöff (Wissen-schaftliche From 1911 to 1914 Kaufmann worked the famous Emil Fischer, the 1902 Nobel Zentralstelle für Öl- und Fettforschung; as research assistant at the University of Laureate in chemistry. Fischer was also Scientific Center for Oil and Fat Research) Jena. With the outbreak of World War I in Knorr’s Doktorvater. Fischer was planning founded in 1920 and disbanded in 1935. 1914, he served in the German army. The systematic studies in the field of fats and Kaufmann was apparently able to maintain war caused a delay in his plans to obtain a oils at the time of his death in 1919 and had the independence of the DGF throughout Habilitation (a qualification beyond the doc- already worked on a method for the syn- the years of the national-socialist regime torate necessary in Germany and some other thesis of glycerides. Although after 1925 despite political pressure to the contrary countries in order to become a university most of his scientific efforts were related to until all such organizations were disbanded professor). He was finally able to obtain the fats and oils, Kaufmann continued to con- by the Allies at the end of World War II. Habilitation in May 1916 while on leave tribute to other subjects. He continued his The DGF reconstituted in 1948 as the from military duty. Shortly thereafter, he scientific contributions well into retirement, Deutsche Gesellschaft für Fettwissenschaft was seriously wounded at Verdun. After publishing more than 500 publications, of (German Society for Fat Science). Kaufmann recuperating from the wound, he was assigned which most not only dealt with the chem- served as the president of the DGF from its to war-related scientific work. Beginning in istry of fats and oils but also contained the inception in 1936 to 1968. 1919, he was an adjunct professor and direc- term “Studien auf dem Fettgebiet, x. These organizations, first the Wizöff and tor of the analytical division of the chem- Mitteilung” (Studies on Fats, Communication then the DGF, facilitated international coop- istry institute at the University of Jena. The x) in the title. Many of these publications eration of the German lipid research com- relatively early death of Knorr caused him deal with various methods of fat analysis munity in another organization founded in to move to the pharmaceutical institute at 1931 known as the IC (Commission the University of Jena and to complete stud- Internationale de l’Étude des Corps Gras; ies in pharmacy. He taught at this institute International Commission for the Study of beginning in 1922. In 1931, Kaufmann DGF awards the Fats and Oils) in which besides Germany became full professor of pharmacy at the H.P. Kaufmann researchers from numerous other European University of Münster, and remained there countries including Austria, Czechoslovakia, until 1943 when he moved to Berlin as full Award for young Italy, the Netherlands and Switzerland were professor of pharmaceutical chemistry, but scientists. represented. Kaufmann was elected its pres- returned to Münster as full professor of phar- ident in 1937. inform • December 2004 • Volume 15 (12) After World War II, European scientists Besides founding and furthering the found that their communication network had cause of professional organizations, broken down along national lines. In an effort Kaufmann’s efforts were responsible for to reopen that network, so critical to scien- enhancing lipid research in Germany, tists in their work, Kaufmann proposed that specifically at the University of Münster. a meeting be held every two years, hosted When Kaufmann accepted the position by a different European country’s national in Münster in 1931, he was promised an oilseed association each time. Kaufmann’s institute and a new building for pharma- concept for The International Society for Fat ceutical chemistry. However, due to the Research (ISF) was approved in Hanover, dire financial situation in Germany at that Germany at the DGF Congress in 1954. time, this promise was not fulfilled. As The ISF exists today in an expanded a solution to this problem, he instigated role, bringing together scientists from around the purchase of a large private house, the world. The structure of the organiza- which was eventually converted with only tion was changed to reflect a federation modest funds to such an institute. After model in 1992, with a Secretariat chosen the war, he was instrumental in recon- to ensure the perpetuation of the meeting. stituting efforts for a new building but it Today there are 25 member organizations was only constructed after his retirement. of ISF including The Korean Society of He was also furthered the cause of food Food Science and Technology (KoSFoST), chemistry at the University of Münster. which was accepted into membership at the His educational activities in Münster, ISF Board meeting in Edinburgh, Scotland, Berlin and Jena were expressed by lec- this past September. An award is given to turing in chemistry and pharmacy, serv- a prominent scientist in Kaufmann’s mem- ing as an advisor to more than 150 ory at each meeting of the ISF. dissertations, and more than 1,600 stu- Another result of the activities of the dents taking their examinations as phar- DGF was the founding of a Reichsinstitut macists under his direction. für Fettforschung (Reichs-Institute for Fat Kaufmann organized educational Research) during World War II, prompted courses for pharmacists and also introduced by a shortage of fats. Kaufmann was the chemists and physicians to fat analysis honorary director of this institute during by means of DGF courses. He published a his professorship in Berlin. After the war, textbook on chemistry for physicians and his efforts in Münster led to the founding a two-volume work on analysis of fats and of the Deutsches Institut für Fettforschung fat products. After taking over as editor of (German Center for Fat Research), which the journal Fettchemische Umschau in 1936, was administratively connected with he continued it as Fette und Seifen and then the Bundesanstalt für Milchforschung as Fette - Seifen - Anstrichmittel. This jour- (Federal Center for Milk Research) in nal later metamorphosed into Fett - Lipid 1953. In 1964, the Münster center became and now is the European Journal of Lipid the Bundesanstalt für Fettforschung Science and Technology. (Federal Center for Fat Research) and in Kaufmann received numerous hon- 1969 merged with the Institut für indus- ors and awards for his accomplishments, trielle Fettforschung (Institution for Industrial among them honorary doctorates from Fat Research) of the DGF. One unit was the Free University of Berlin and the named the Institut für Technologie und Technical University of Graz, Austria, Biochemie - H.P.Kaufmann-Institut, hon- the Normann Medal of the DGF, the oring Kauf-mann, which is now part of the German Großes Bundesverdienstkreuz Bundes-forschungsanstalt für Ernährung (Great Federal Cross of Merit) as well as und Lebensmittel (Federal Research Center foreign ones including recognition from for Nutrition and Food). Egypt, Italy, and Spain. He consulted with Kaufmann also initiated a “Verband government agencies in Turkey and Brazil der Direktoren pharmazeutischer Hochschul- and traveled to numerous countries includ- institute” (Association of the directors of ing the United States, Egypt, Hungary, pharmaceutical university institutes) which Japan, Poland and the former Soviet Union he chaired for more than ten years. He was to give lectures. involved in founding the Chemisches Hans Paul Kaufmann died October 2, Landesuntersuchungsamt Nordrhein- 1971, after an extended illness. In Westfalen (Chemical Analysis Agency of Kaufmann’s memory the DGF now the State of North Rhine Westphalia) of awards the “H.P. Kaufmann Award” for which he was honorary director for eight young scientists and sponsors the years.
Recommended publications
  • Thieme-Chemistry.Com
    SynformPeople, Trends and Views in Chemical Synthesis 2017/12 Biomimetic Synthesis of Bipleiophylline Highlighted article by D. Lachkar, N. Denizot, G. Bernadat, K. Ahamada, M. A. Beniddir, V. Dumontet, J.-F. Gallard, R. Guillot, K. Leblanc, E. Otogo N‘nang, V. Turpin, C. Kouklovsky, E. Poupon, L. Evanno, G. Vincent Contact Your opinion about Synform is welcome, please correspond if you like: [email protected] Thieme A195 Synform Dear Readers, Here we go again with another December issue, another In this issue year is gone and Christmas is already looming. I can’t even remember when I had the last white Christmas, Editorial Board Focus Editorial Board Focus: Dr. Margaret Faul perhaps it was in 2010. Sadly, snow has become an (Amgen, USA). .A196 incredibly rare event in many places in Europe. What everybody – children or grown-ups makes no differ- Literature Coverage Biomimetic Synthesis of Bipleiophylline ................A198 ence – expects and craves is a peaceful Christmas day with relatives and friends, sitting for hours all together, Literature Coverage chatting and eating awfully large amounts of food, with Metal-Catalyzed Electrochemical Diazidation of Alkenes .......................................................A202 the snow falling outside the window. Nobody wants a sunny and dry Christmas day with mild temperatures, Young Career Focus unless you are on holiday in a tropical place! What kind Young Career Focus: Professor Dr. Michal Juríček (University of Zurich, Switzerland) .....................A205 of Christmas is that!!! But that’s what we have been experiencing more and more frequently during the last Name Reaction Bio couple of decades. And someone is still convinced that Independent Discoveries: The Wolff–Kishner Reduction ....................................................A208 climate change is not real… Hopefully – regardless of the snow – this was a good year for most – if not all – of Coming soon .................................................A213 you.
    [Show full text]
  • Drug Discovery: a History
    ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________ Drug Discovery A History Walter Sneader School of Pharmacy University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________ Drug Discovery ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________ Drug Discovery A History Walter Sneader School of Pharmacy University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK Copyright u 2005 John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex PO19 8SQ, England Telephone (+44) 1243 779777 Email (for orders and customer service enquiries): [email protected] All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except under the terms of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 or under the terms of a licence issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 4LP, UK, without the permission in writing of the Publisher. Requests to the Publisher should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex PO19 8SQ, England, or emailed to [email protected], or faxed to (+44) 1243
    [Show full text]
  • Drug/Substance Trade Name(S)
    A B C D E F G H I J K 1 Drug/Substance Trade Name(s) Drug Class Existing Penalty Class Special Notation T1:Doping/Endangerment Level T2: Mismanagement Level Comments Methylenedioxypyrovalerone is a stimulant of the cathinone class which acts as a 3,4-methylenedioxypyprovaleroneMDPV, “bath salts” norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor. It was first developed in the 1960s by a team at 1 A Yes A A 2 Boehringer Ingelheim. No 3 Alfentanil Alfenta Narcotic used to control pain and keep patients asleep during surgery. 1 A Yes A No A Aminoxafen, Aminorex is a weight loss stimulant drug. It was withdrawn from the market after it was found Aminorex Aminoxaphen, Apiquel, to cause pulmonary hypertension. 1 A Yes A A 4 McN-742, Menocil No Amphetamine is a potent central nervous system stimulant that is used in the treatment of Amphetamine Speed, Upper 1 A Yes A A 5 attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, narcolepsy, and obesity. No Anileridine is a synthetic analgesic drug and is a member of the piperidine class of analgesic Anileridine Leritine 1 A Yes A A 6 agents developed by Merck & Co. in the 1950s. No Dopamine promoter used to treat loss of muscle movement control caused by Parkinson's Apomorphine Apokyn, Ixense 1 A Yes A A 7 disease. No Recreational drug with euphoriant and stimulant properties. The effects produced by BZP are comparable to those produced by amphetamine. It is often claimed that BZP was originally Benzylpiperazine BZP 1 A Yes A A synthesized as a potential antihelminthic (anti-parasitic) agent for use in farm animals.
    [Show full text]
  • Florencio Zaragoza Dörwald Lead Optimization for Medicinal Chemists
    Florencio Zaragoza Dorwald¨ Lead Optimization for Medicinal Chemists Related Titles Smith, D. A., Allerton, C., Kalgutkar, A. S., Curry, S. H., Whelpton, R. van de Waterbeemd, H., Walker, D. K. Drug Disposition and Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism Pharmacokinetics in Drug Design From Principles to Applications 2012 2011 ISBN: 978-3-527-32954-0 ISBN: 978-0-470-68446-7 Gad, S. C. (ed.) Rankovic, Z., Morphy, R. Development of Therapeutic Lead Generation Approaches Agents Handbook in Drug Discovery 2012 2010 ISBN: 978-0-471-21385-7 ISBN: 978-0-470-25761-6 Tsaioun, K., Kates, S. A. (eds.) Han, C., Davis, C. B., Wang, B. (eds.) ADMET for Medicinal Chemists Evaluation of Drug Candidates A Practical Guide for Preclinical Development 2011 Pharmacokinetics, Metabolism, ISBN: 978-0-470-48407-4 Pharmaceutics, and Toxicology 2010 ISBN: 978-0-470-04491-9 Sotriffer, C. (ed.) Virtual Screening Principles, Challenges, and Practical Faller, B., Urban, L. (eds.) Guidelines Hit and Lead Profiling 2011 Identification and Optimization ISBN: 978-3-527-32636-5 of Drug-like Molecules 2009 ISBN: 978-3-527-32331-9 Florencio Zaragoza Dorwald¨ Lead Optimization for Medicinal Chemists Pharmacokinetic Properties of Functional Groups and Organic Compounds The Author All books published by Wiley-VCH are carefully produced. Nevertheless, authors, Dr. Florencio Zaragoza D¨orwald editors, and publisher do not warrant the Lonza AG information contained in these books, Rottenstrasse 6 including this book, to be free of errors. 3930 Visp Readers are advised to keep in mind that Switzerland statements, data, illustrations, procedural details or other items may inadvertently be Cover illustration: inaccurate.
    [Show full text]
  • The Development of Catalysis
    Trim Size: 6.125in x 9.25in Single Columnk Zecchina ffirs.tex V2 - 02/20/2017 1:50pm Page i The Development of Catalysis k k k Trim Size: 6.125in x 9.25in Single Columnk Zecchina ffirs.tex V2 - 02/20/2017 1:50pm Page iii The Development of Catalysis A History of Key Processes and Personas in Catalytic Science and Technology Adriano Zecchina Salvatore Califano k k k Trim Size: 6.125in x 9.25in Single Columnk Zecchina ffirs.tex V2 - 02/20/2017 1:50pm Page iv Copyright © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey Published simultaneously in Canada No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) 750-8400, fax (978) 750-4470, or on the web at www.copyright.com. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, (201) 748-6011, fax (201) 748-6008, or online at http://www.wiley.com/go/permissions. Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: While the publisher and author have used their best efforts in preparing this book, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this book and specifically disclaim any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose.
    [Show full text]
  • Wilhelm Schlenk: the Man Behind the Flask**
    ESSAY Wilhelm Schlenk: The Man Behind the Flask** Thomas T. Tidwell* In 1943 there appeared in Berichte der Deutschen Chemi- schen Gesellschaft[1] a brief notice (Figure 1) of the death of Wilhelm Schlenk, the former President of the German Chemical Society (Deutsche Chemische Gesellschaft).[2a] It was stated that a fuller biography of Schlenk would appear later, but this has not been forthcoming, although there were short articles in specialized Austrian[2b] and Bavarian[2c] journals. Underneath the notice about Schlenk there was a list of individuals who had died in 1942, and this list was headed by the traditional German Iron Cross, emblazoned with the swastika, the emblem of the ruling National Socialist Party led by Adolf Hitler. A name that stands out on this list is that of Max Bodenstein, another pioneer in free radical chemistry and one of Schlenks successors as President of the Deutsche Chemische Gesellschaft (1930 ± 1932), for whom a detailed memorial appeared in 1967.[2d] The name Schlenk is familiar to many chemists because of the widespread use of ªSchlenkº glassware, as illustrated in many textbooks and reviews on the handling of air-sensitive compounds.[3] Who was Schlenk, and why has the promised obituary never appeared? A brief study of the life of this extraordinary scientist provides an answer to the first ques- tion, and also makes a strong case that he should be better known, not only for his scientific achievements but also for the example he set as a man of principle and political courage. Wilhelm Johann Schlenk (Figure 2) was born in Munich in 1879, the son of Georg and Emilie Schlenk, and attended the Realgymnasium there.
    [Show full text]
  • Peter Hallpap Geschichte Der Chemie in Jena Im 20. Jh. Materialien I
    Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Chemisch-Geowissenschaftliche Fakultät Peter Hallpap (Hrsg.) Geschichte der Chemie in Jena im 20. Jh. Materialien I: Erste Hälfte des Jahrhunderts (Materialien aus dem gleichnamigen Seminar im Wintersemester 2003/2004) Inhalt Peter Hallpap Vorbemerkung S. 5 1. Peter Hallpap Einführung: Der Weg ins 20. Jahrhundert S. 7 - 13 2. Rüdiger Stolz, Die Ära LUDWIG KNORR in der Chemie an der S. 15 - 32 Peter Hallpap Universität Jena 3. Jürgen Hendrich OTTO SCHOTT und die Firma Schott & Gen. • Zeittafel zu Leben und Werk von OTTO SCHOTT S. 33 - 40 • Zeittafel zur Geschichte des Glaswerks • Literatur zu OTTO SCHOTT und zum Glaswerk S. 41 - 44 Schott & Gen. S. 45 - 46 4. Gabriele Büch Der Wissenschaftler und Mensch ADOLF SIEVERTS S. 47 - 57 (1874-1947) – Professor der Chemie an der Universität Jena von 1927 bis 1942 und 1945/46 5. Oliver Lemuth „Patriotic scientists“: Jenaer Physiker und Chemiker S. 59 - 86 Rüdiger Stutz zwischen berufsständischen Eigeninteressen und „vaterländischer Pflichterfüllung“ 6. Egon Uhlig Die Ära FRANZ HEIN (1942-1959) S. 87 - 95 Jena 2004 P. Hallpap: Geschichte der Chemie in Jena im 20. Jh. - Materialien I: R. Stolz, P. Hallpap: Die Ära Ludwig Knorr in der Chemie an der Universität Jena Rüdiger Stolz und Peter Hallpap Die Ära LUDWIG KNORR in der Chemie an der Universität Jena (Aus: Steinbach, M.; Gerber, S. (Hrsg.): „Klassische Universität“ und „akademische Provinz“. Jena/Quedlinburg: Verlag Dr. Bussert & Stadeler 2005. S. 378-398) (1) Einleitung Die Chemie an der Universität Jena wurde beim Übergang vom 19. zum 20. Jh. und in den ersten zwanzig Jahren des 20.
    [Show full text]
  • Emil Fischer's Sample Collection
    12 Bull. Hist. Chem., VOLUME 41, Numbers 1/ 2 (2016) EMIL FISCHER’S SAMPLE COLLECTION David W. Moreland and Paul R. Jones; [email protected] Much has been written about Hermann Emil the content of the collection and the importance of the Fischer’s life and work (1-15). His investigations into work it represents. substances derived from living organisms have influ- enced generations of chemists. His work led to an under- The Growth and Significance of the standing of the molecular structures of many biologically Collection important substances, provided numerous methods and laboratory techniques in synthetic organic chemistry, Conceptually, at least, the compound collection had and laid the foundations of the field of biochemistry. His its origin at the University of Strasbourg, where Fischer legacy touches every student and practitioner of organic earned his doctorate in 1874 under Adolf von Baeyer chemistry and biochemistry. (16). Continuing to work in von Baeyer’s lab after ob- His physical legacy—the actual collection of sub- taining his degree, Fischer investigated triarylmethane stances he prepared during his career—has received dyes and deduced the structure of phenylhydrazine (17, much less attention. The collection is housed in the 18), which figured so prominently in his later work. He Chemistry section of the Deutsches Museum in Munich. proposed the name hydrazine for the saturated nitrogen- This location is particularly fitting because Fischer first nitrogen functional group (17). attained his professorship less than three kilometers In 1875 Fischer moved with von Baeyer to the away at the University of Munich. Starting at the nascent University of Munich and continued studying organic Fischer lab, however, the collection would travel through dyes (19).
    [Show full text]
  • Copyrighted Material
    k 1 1 From the Onset to the First Large-Scale Industrial Processes 1.1 Origin of the Catalytic Era Chemists have always known, even before becoming scientists in the modern term (i.e., during the long alchemist era), how to increase reaction rates by rais- ing the temperature. Only much later on, they realized that the addition to the reaction of a third chemical substance, the catalyst, could give rise to the same effect. Formerly the word “affinity” was used in chemical language to indicate the driving force for a reaction, but this concept had no direct connection with the k understanding of reaction rates at a molecular level. k The first known processes involving reactions in solution accelerated by the addition of small amounts of acids are normally defined today as homoge- neous catalysis. Experimental evidence for such processes dates back to the sixteenth century, when the German physician and botanist Valerius Cordus published posthumously in 1549 his lecture notes with the title Annotations on Dioscorides. Valerius Cordus (1515–1544), born in Erfurt, Germany, organized the first official pharmacopoeia (oo..´) in Germany. He wrote a booklet that described names and properties of medicaments, completing and improving the famous pharmacopoeia written by the Roman natural philosopher Pliny the Elder and listing all known drugs and medicaments. In 1527, he enrolled at the University of Leipzig where he obtained his bachelor’s degree in 1531. During these years, he was strongly influenced by his father Euricius, author in 1534 of aCOPYRIGHTED systematic treatise on botany (Botanologicon MATERIAL). Valerius Cordus, after completing his training in the pharmacy of his uncle at Leipzig, moved in 1539 to Wittenberg University.
    [Show full text]
  • Anecdotes of Named Chemists
    Dr. John Andraos, http://www.careerchem.com/NAMED/Anecdotes.pdf 1 ANECDOTES OF NAMED CHEMISTS © Dr. John Andraos, 2000 - 2011 Department of Chemistry, York University 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ONTARIO M3J 1P3, CANADA For suggestions, corrections, additional information, and comments please send e-mails to [email protected] http://www.chem.yorku.ca/NAMED/ Contents: (1) Chemistry Contributions from Non-chemists (2) Two People or One Person? (3) Same Name, Same Person? (4) Relationships: 1. Father-son combinations 2. Husband-wife combinations 3. Brothers combinations 4. Brother-sister combinations 5. Uncle-nephew combinations (5) Knighted Scientists (6) People? (7) Misspelled Names (8) Scientists Who Did Not Have Formal Advisors in Their Education (9) Interesting Tidbits (1) Chemistry contributions from non-chemists Avogadro, Lorenzo Romano 1776 - 1856 Italian (b. Turin, Avogadro number (1811) Amedeo Carlo Italy) (lawyer/jurisprudence) Dr. John Andraos, http://www.careerchem.com/NAMED/Anecdotes.pdf 2 Black, Joseph 1728 - 1799 Scottish discovered magnesium in 1755 (chemist/physician) (b. Bordeaux, Edinburgh, Scotland France) Brown, Robert 1773 - 1858 Scottish (b. Brownian motion (1827) (botanist) Montrose, Scotland) Clapeyron, Bénoit Paul Émile 1799 - 1864 French (b. Paris, Clapeyron equation of state (civil engineer, railways, France) (1834) , locomotives) Clausius-Clapeyron equation Cronstedt, Axel Frederik, 1722 - 1765 Swedish (b. discoverer of nickel in 1751 Baron Södermanland, Stockholm, Sweden (metallurgist) Sweden) Dean, Ernest Woodward 1888 - 1959 American (b. Dean-Stark apparatus (chemist/oil company Taunton, (Ind. Eng. Chem. 1920 , 12 , executive Standard Oil Massachusetts, 486) Development Co. ) USA) del Rio, Andrés Manuel 1764 - 1849 Spanish (b. Madrid, discoverer of vanadium in (minerologist) Spain) 1801 Mexico City, Mexico Fuller, Richard Buckminster 1895 - 1983 American (b.
    [Show full text]
  • Oskar Piloty') War Einer Der Paladine Emil Fischers, Die Ihm Geholfen Habeu, Seine Groaen Leistungen Zu Voll- Brin Gen
    Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft 1920, Nr. 9. - Abteilung A (Vereinsnachrichten) - 16. Oktober OSKAR PILQTY. Einen Gedenkstein zu setzen denen, welche im Kriege ihr Leben hingegeben haben, ist Aufgabe der Ubrigbleibenden. Leider ist die Zahl derer, die besondere Ehrung verdienen, in Deutschland erscbrek- kend groI3, und so mu13 ich wieder die Feder ergreifen, um das Leben eines Forschers zu zeichnen, dessen Laufbahn unter sehr giihstigen Auspizien begann, um im Krieg in der Vollkraft des Mannesalters ein jahes Ende zu finden. Oskar Piloty') war einer der Paladine Emil Fischers, die ihm geholfen habeu, seine groaen Leistungen zu voll- brin gen. Oakar Piloty wurde am 30. April 1866 als fiinftes Kind des Historienmalers Karl von Piloty und seiner Gattin Berta geb. Hellermann in Munchen geboren. Seine alteste Schwester Elisa- beth verehelichte sich mit dem Prof. Dr. Ludwig Rnorr, spateren Geb. Hofrat und 0. Professor der Chemie in Jena. Der.zweite Bru- der ist der heutige 0. Professor des Staatsrechts Robert Piloty in Wurzburg, die zweite Schwester Johanna heiratete den nachrnaligen Chefkonstrukteur der Siemens & Halske A.4. von Hefner- Alteneck t. Uber seine Jugendzeit hatte Hr. Prof. Dr. Robert Piloty die Gute, mir folgende Mitteilnngen zu machen : BDer Jugendbildungagang Oskar Pilotys war der gewohpliche: protestantische Volksschule in Munchen, dann bumanistisches Gym- nasium. Der Vater war streng und forderte Erlolge, gute Zeugnisse. Oskar war ein langsam arbeitendes Kind, und da die ,Erfolges in der Lateinschule anfangs nicht besonders gut waren, so wurde er auf Empfehlung des rnit dem Vater befreundeten preuI3ischen Gesandten in Munchen, des Grafen Werthern, fur drei Jahre in die ehemalige Klosterschule in Dondorf in Thuringen, eine Art Vorschule von Schulpforta, geschickt.
    [Show full text]
  • Hermann Otto Laurenz Fischer
    NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES H ERMANN OTTO LAURENZ F ISCHER 1888—1960 A Biographical Memoir by W . M. S TANLEY AND W. Z . HASSID Any opinions expressed in this memoir are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Academy of Sciences. Biographical Memoir COPYRIGHT 1969 NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES WASHINGTON D.C. HERMANN OTTO LAURENZ FISCHER December L6, 1888-March 9, 1960 BY W. M. STANLEY AND W, Z. HASSID ERMANN orro LAURENZ FrscHER was born on December 16, 1888, in the university town of Würzburg in Bavaria and died on March 9, 1960, in the University of California Hospital in Los Angeles. He was the first of three sons of Emil and Agnes Fischer and was early exposed to academic surroundings since his father was Professor of Chemisry at the University of Würz- burg. In 1892 the Fischer family moved to Berlin where Fischer's father, not yet forty years of age, succeeded to the chair of August Wilhelm von Hofmann and directed the activities of the Chemical Institute of Berlin University. Three years later Fischer's mother died and the three boys grew up in the rather lonely household of their widowed father who was greatly pre- occupied with his teaching and research. However, Fischer re- membered with pleasure the very informative conversations which the boys had with their father at lunchtime. During this period the Fischer boys went to the local Gymnøsi,um where, Fischer recalls, "Latin, Greek, history and German were taught very well, mathematics somewhat and science very little." Fischer was given full freedom to select a profession but, of course, his early and continuing contacts with academic life and chemical research were quite influential.
    [Show full text]