Anecdotes of Named Chemists
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Paul Ehrlich
Paul Ehrlich Paul Ehrlich (geboren am 14. März 1854 in Strehlen, Regierungsbezirk Breslau, Provinz Schlesien; gestorben am 20. August 1915 in Bad Homburg vor der Höhe[1]) war ein deutscher Mediziner und Forscher. Durch seine Färbemethoden unterschied er verschiedene Arten von Blutzellen, wodurch die Diagnose zahlreicher Blutkrankheiten ermöglicht wurde. Mit seiner Entwicklung einer medikamentösen Behandlung der Syphilis begründete er die moderne Chemotherapie. Außerdem war er entscheidend an der Entwicklung des Heilserums gegen Diphtherie beteiligt, die üblicherweise Emil von Behring alleine zugeschrieben wird. Als Direktor des Instituts für experimentelle Therapie arbeitete er die Methoden für die Standardisierung („Wertbemessung“[2] bzw. Wertbestimmung) von Sera aus. 1908 erhielt er zusammen mit Ilja Metschnikow für seine auf dem Gebiet der Serumsforschung entwickelten Beiträge zur Immunologie den Nobelpreis für Physiologie oder Medizin. Paul Ehrlich (1915) Inhaltsverzeichnis Leben Herkunft Schule und Studium Berlin Frankfurt Werk Färbemethoden für die Hämatologie Serumforschung Freundschaft mit Robert Koch Erste Arbeiten zur Immunität Arbeit mit Behring an einem Diphtherieheilserum Die Wertbestimmung von Sera Die Seitenkettentheorie Krebsforschung Chemotherapie Die Vitalfärbung Methylenblau Die Suche nach einer „Chemotherapia specifica“ Nachwirkungen Spielfilm Briefmarken und Banknote Ehrlich als Namensgeber Ausstellungen Literatur Weblinks Einzelnachweise Leben Herkunft Paul Ehrlich wurde als zweites Kind jüdischer Eltern geboren. -
Marie Curie and Her Time
Marie Curie and Her Time by Hélène Langevin-Joliot to pass our lives near each other hypnotized by our dreams, your patriotic dream, our humanitarian dream, arie Curie (1867–1934) belongs to that exclu- and our scientific dream.” sive group of women whose worldwide rec- Frederick Soddy wrote about Marie that she was Mognition and fame have endured for a century “the most beautiful discovery of Pierre Curie.” Of or more. She was indeed one of the major agents of course, it might also be said that Pierre Curie was the scientific revolution which allowed experimen- “the most beautiful discovery of Marie Skłodowska.” tal investigation to extend beyond the macroscopic It is difficult to imagine more contrasting personali- world. Her work placed the first stone in the founda- ties than those of Pierre and of Marie. In spite of that, tion of a new discipline: radiochemistry. And Curie’s or because of that, they complemented each other achievements are even more remarkable since they astonishingly well. Pierre was as dreamy as Marie was occurred in the field of science, an intellectual activ- organized. At the same time, they shared similar ideas ity traditionally forbidden to women. However, these about family and society. accomplishments alone don’t seem to fully explain the near mythic status of Marie Curie today. One hundred years ago, she was often considered to be just an assistant to her husband. Perhaps the reason her name still resonates is because of the compelling story of her life and her intriguing personality. The Most Beautiful Discovery of Pierre Curie The story of the young Maria Skłodowska leaving In this iconic photograph of participants at the Fifth her native Poland to pursue upper-level studies in Solvay Conference in 1927, Marie Curie is third from Paris sounds like something out of a novel. -
The Lock-And-Key Analogy in 20Th Century Biochemistry
From: Rebecca Mertens The Construction of Analogy-Based Research Programs The Lock-and-Key Analogy in 20th Century Biochemistry April 2019, 224 p., pb., ill. 34,99 € (DE), 978-3-8376-4442-5 E-Book: PDF: 34,99 € (DE), ISBN 978-3-8394-4442-9 When the German chemist Emil Fischer presented his lock-and-key hypothesis in 1899, his analogy to describe the molecular relationship between enzymes and substrates quickly gained vast influence and provided future generations of scientists with a tool to investigate the relation between chemical structure and biological specificity. Rebecca Mertens explains the appeal of the lock-and-key analogy by its role in model building and in the construction of long-term, cross-generational research programs. She argues that a crucial feature of these research programs, namely ascertaining the continuity of core ideas and concepts, is provided by a certain way of analogy-based modelling. Rebecca Mertens (PhD), born in 1984, is a postdoctoral researcher in the history and philosophy of science at the University of Bielefeld, Germany. She works on the role of analogies, models and forms of comparison in the history of molecular genetics and is a member of the collaborative research program "Practices of ComparisonÚ Ordering and Changing the World". During her graduate and doctoral studies, she was a visiting scholar at the École Normale Supérieure in Paris and a visiting graduate fellow at the Minnesota Center for Philosophy of Science. For further information: www.transcript-verlag.de/en/978-3-8376-4442-5 © 2019 -
The Correspondence of Julius Haast and Joseph Dalton Hooker, 1861-1886
The Correspondence of Julius Haast and Joseph Dalton Hooker, 1861-1886 Sascha Nolden, Simon Nathan & Esme Mildenhall Geoscience Society of New Zealand miscellaneous publication 133H November 2013 Published by the Geoscience Society of New Zealand Inc, 2013 Information on the Society and its publications is given at www.gsnz.org.nz © Copyright Simon Nathan & Sascha Nolden, 2013 Geoscience Society of New Zealand miscellaneous publication 133H ISBN 978-1-877480-29-4 ISSN 2230-4495 (Online) ISSN 2230-4487 (Print) We gratefully acknowledge financial assistance from the Brian Mason Scientific and Technical Trust which has provided financial support for this project. This document is available as a PDF file that can be downloaded from the Geoscience Society website at: http://www.gsnz.org.nz/information/misc-series-i-49.html Bibliographic Reference Nolden, S.; Nathan, S.; Mildenhall, E. 2013: The Correspondence of Julius Haast and Joseph Dalton Hooker, 1861-1886. Geoscience Society of New Zealand miscellaneous publication 133H. 219 pages. The Correspondence of Julius Haast and Joseph Dalton Hooker, 1861-1886 CONTENTS Introduction 3 The Sumner Cave controversy Sources of the Haast-Hooker correspondence Transcription and presentation of the letters Acknowledgements References Calendar of Letters 8 Transcriptions of the Haast-Hooker letters 12 Appendix 1: Undated letter (fragment), ca 1867 208 Appendix 2: Obituary for Sir Julius von Haast 209 Appendix 3: Biographical register of names mentioned in the correspondence 213 Figures Figure 1: Photographs -
Former Fellows Biographical Index Part
Former Fellows of The Royal Society of Edinburgh 1783 – 2002 Biographical Index Part Two ISBN 0 902198 84 X Published July 2006 © The Royal Society of Edinburgh 22-26 George Street, Edinburgh, EH2 2PQ BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX OF FORMER FELLOWS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF EDINBURGH 1783 – 2002 PART II K-Z C D Waterston and A Macmillan Shearer This is a print-out of the biographical index of over 4000 former Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh as held on the Society’s computer system in October 2005. It lists former Fellows from the foundation of the Society in 1783 to October 2002. Most are deceased Fellows up to and including the list given in the RSE Directory 2003 (Session 2002-3) but some former Fellows who left the Society by resignation or were removed from the roll are still living. HISTORY OF THE PROJECT Information on the Fellowship has been kept by the Society in many ways – unpublished sources include Council and Committee Minutes, Card Indices, and correspondence; published sources such as Transactions, Proceedings, Year Books, Billets, Candidates Lists, etc. All have been examined by the compilers, who have found the Minutes, particularly Committee Minutes, to be of variable quality, and it is to be regretted that the Society’s holdings of published billets and candidates lists are incomplete. The late Professor Neil Campbell prepared from these sources a loose-leaf list of some 1500 Ordinary Fellows elected during the Society’s first hundred years. He listed name and forenames, title where applicable and national honours, profession or discipline, position held, some information on membership of the other societies, dates of birth, election to the Society and death or resignation from the Society and reference to a printed biography. -
Der Pathologe
Band 36 · Sonderausgabe · November 2015 Der Pathologe Organ der Deutschen Abteilung der Internationalen Akademie für Pathologie, der Deutschen, der Österreichischen und der Schweizerischen Gesellschaft für Pathologie und des Bundesverbandes Deutscher Pathologen 99. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Pathologie e. V. Frankfurt am Main, 28. – 31. Mai 2015 Indexed in Science Citation Index Expanded and Medline Verhandlungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Pathologie e.V. www.DerPathologe.de www.springermedizin.de Der Pathologe Verhandlungen 2015 der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Pathologie e.V. Rudolf-Virchow-Preis Ausschreibung 2016 Der Preis wird laut Satzung der Rudolf-Virchow-Stiftung für Pathologie und der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Pathologie e.V. einem Pathologen unter Jahren für eine noch nicht ver öffentlichte oder eine nicht länger als ein Jahr vor der Bewerbung publizierte wissenschaftliche Arbeit verliehen. Die Verleihung des Preises erfolgt auf der . Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Pathologie e.V. Zusammen mit einem Lebenslauf und einer Publikationsliste reichen Bewerber ihre Arbeit ein (bitte alle Unterlagen in doppelter Ausfertigung sowie elektronisch einreichen). Abgabetermin: bis . Dezember Einzureichen bei: Prof. Dr. med. Holger Moch Geschäftsführendes Vorstandsmitglied der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Pathologie e.V. UniversitätsSpital Zürich Institut für Klinische Pathologie Schmelzbergstrasse CH – Zürich [email protected] Die Satzung der Rudolf-Virchow-Stiftung für Pathologie sowie weitere Informationen -
Named Organic Reactions (Q – T)
Dr. John Andraos, http://www.careerchem.com/NAMED/Named-Rxns(Q-T).pdf 1 NAMED ORGANIC REACTIONS (Q – T) © Dr. John Andraos, 2000 - 2017 Department of Chemistry, York University 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ONTARIO M3J 1P3, CANADA For suggestions, corrections, additional information, and comments please send e-mails to [email protected] http://www.chem.yorku.ca/NAMED/ Bronislaw Radziszewski 6 November 1838 - March 1914 Polish, b. Warsaw, Poland Radziszewski reaction Radziszewski, B. Chem. Ber. 1882 , 15 , 1493 Radziszewski, B. Chem. Ber. 1885 , 18 , 335 Biographical references: Will, H. Chem. Ber. 1914 , 47 , 1521 Piosik, R. Naturwiss. Im Unterricht Chemie 1996 , 7, 40 Ludwig Ramberg 21 February 1874 - 25 December 1940 Swedish, b. Hälsingborg, Sweden Ramberg-Bäcklund rearrangement see Birger Bäcklund Biographical references: Myrback, K., Chem. Ber . 1941 , 74A , 109 Personal communication, Dr. Lars B. Bäcklund, April 2006 Sergei Nikolaevich Reformatskii 1 April (20 March) 1860 - 28 July 1934 Russian, b. Borisoglebskoe, near Ivanovo, Russia Dr. John Andraos, http://www.careerchem.com/NAMED/Named-Rxns(Q-T).pdf 2 Reformatskii reaction Reformatskii, S., Chem. Ber . 1887 , 20 , 1210 Biographical references: Semenzow, A., Chem. Ber . 1935 , 68A , 61 Sementsov, A., J. Chem. Educ . 1957 , 34 , 530 Morris, Peter Biographies of Chemists, Royal Society of Chemistry, http://www.chem.qmw.ac.uk/rschg/biog.html Partington, J.R., A History of Chemistry, Vol. IV, Macmillan and Co., Ltd.: London, 1964, p. 858 Lewis, D.E., J. Chem. Educ . 1994 , 71 , 93 Pogg . 7b , 4308 Manfred Regitz 20 August 1935 - German, b. Saarland, Germany Regitz diazo transfer reaction Regitz, M., Angew. Chem. Int. -
Redalyc.Joseph Achille Le Bel. His Life and Works
Revista CENIC. Ciencias Químicas ISSN: 1015-8553 [email protected] Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Cuba Wisniak, Jaime Joseph Achille Le Bel. His Life and Works Revista CENIC. Ciencias Químicas, vol. 33, núm. 1, enero-abril, 2002, pp. 35-43 Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas La Habana, Cuba Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=181625999008 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Revista CENIC Ciencias Químicas, Vol. 33, No. 1, 2002. RESEÑA BIOGRAFICA Joseph Achille Le Bel. His Life and Works Jaime Wisniak Department of Chemical Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel 84105. [email protected]. Recibido: 26 de abril del 2001. Aceptado: 22 de mayo del 2001. Palabras clave: Le Bel, Química, estereoquímica, actividad óptica, cosmogonia Key words: Le Bel, Chemistry, stereoquímica, optical activity, cosmogony. RESUMEN. Joseph Achille Le Bel es un ejemplo de científicos como Réaumur The same year his father passed que investigaron muchÍsimos temas, pero solo son recordados por uno. Le Bel away and his two sisters, Marie and es un nombre bien conocido por los estudiantes de Química en general, y Emma, took charge of the family in- estereoquímica en particular. El nos dejo los principios básicos que determinan dustry and in this way allowed Le las condiciones geométricas que un compuesto de carbón debe satisfacer para Bel to continue chemical studies. -
Appendix E Nobel Prizes in Nuclear Science
Nuclear Science—A Guide to the Nuclear Science Wall Chart ©2018 Contemporary Physics Education Project (CPEP) Appendix E Nobel Prizes in Nuclear Science Many Nobel Prizes have been awarded for nuclear research and instrumentation. The field has spun off: particle physics, nuclear astrophysics, nuclear power reactors, nuclear medicine, and nuclear weapons. Understanding how the nucleus works and applying that knowledge to technology has been one of the most significant accomplishments of twentieth century scientific research. Each prize was awarded for physics unless otherwise noted. Name(s) Discovery Year Henri Becquerel, Pierre Discovered spontaneous radioactivity 1903 Curie, and Marie Curie Ernest Rutherford Work on the disintegration of the elements and 1908 chemistry of radioactive elements (chem) Marie Curie Discovery of radium and polonium 1911 (chem) Frederick Soddy Work on chemistry of radioactive substances 1921 including the origin and nature of radioactive (chem) isotopes Francis Aston Discovery of isotopes in many non-radioactive 1922 elements, also enunciated the whole-number rule of (chem) atomic masses Charles Wilson Development of the cloud chamber for detecting 1927 charged particles Harold Urey Discovery of heavy hydrogen (deuterium) 1934 (chem) Frederic Joliot and Synthesis of several new radioactive elements 1935 Irene Joliot-Curie (chem) James Chadwick Discovery of the neutron 1935 Carl David Anderson Discovery of the positron 1936 Enrico Fermi New radioactive elements produced by neutron 1938 irradiation Ernest Lawrence -
Antibodies with Some Bite Antibodies Have Yet to Be Determined, It Is Reasonable to Suppose That the Ester Or David E
-~-------------------------------------N8NSANDVIEWS----------------_N_A_TU_R_E_V-O_L_._32_5_22_J_A_N_U_A_RY__ 19~87 Enzyme catalysis kinetics and is subject to competitive inhibition. Although the detailed chemical mechanisms of these catalytic Antibodies with some bite antibodies have yet to be determined, it is reasonable to suppose that the ester or David E. Hansen carbamate is strained towards a tetra hedral geometry on binding, thus facilitat THE spectacular specificities and rate William Jencks', more directly, stated in ing the attack of the hydroxide ion. Fur enhancements of enzymes are without 1969 thermore, the Scripps group has already equal among all known catalysts. It is no If complementarity between active site and found that their antibody can act via both wonder then that the design of new en transition state contributes significantly to nucleophilic and general base catalysis, zymes has long been a goal of biochemists. enzyme catalysis, it should be possible to syn depending on the substrate used. Now two independent groups, one led by thesize an enzyme by constructing a binding The fact that this approach succeeded at Alfonso Tramontano and Richard Lerner site. One way to do this is to prepare an anti all gives great hope to those attempting to of the Scripps Clinic and Research Foun body to a haptenic group which resembles the isolate even more efficient antibody cat dation', and the other by Peter Schultz of transition state of a given reaction. The com alysts by this and by other strategies. In the University of California at Berkeley\ bining sites of such antibodies should be com addition, it may be possible to modify have taken steps towards this goal by plementary to the transition state and should cause an acceleration by forcing bound sub existing catalytic antibodies. -
Early Russian Organic Chemists and Their Legacy
SpringerBriefs in Molecular Science Early Russian Organic Chemists and Their Legacy Bearbeitet von David Lewis 1. Auflage 2012. Taschenbuch. xii, 136 S. Paperback ISBN 978 3 642 28218 8 Format (B x L): 15,5 x 23,5 cm Gewicht: 237 g Weitere Fachgebiete > Chemie, Biowissenschaften, Agrarwissenschaften > Chemie Allgemein > Geschichte der Chemie Zu Inhaltsverzeichnis schnell und portofrei erhältlich bei Die Online-Fachbuchhandlung beck-shop.de ist spezialisiert auf Fachbücher, insbesondere Recht, Steuern und Wirtschaft. Im Sortiment finden Sie alle Medien (Bücher, Zeitschriften, CDs, eBooks, etc.) aller Verlage. Ergänzt wird das Programm durch Services wie Neuerscheinungsdienst oder Zusammenstellungen von Büchern zu Sonderpreisen. Der Shop führt mehr als 8 Millionen Produkte. Chapter 2 Beginnings 2.1 Introduction At the start of the twentieth century, organic chemistry was not yet 75 years old as a separate and legitimate sub-discipline of the science. Considerable progress had been made in these first seven decades, and the stage was set for the dramatic advances in the science to come in the following century. Most practicing organic chemists are familiar with many of the great German, French and English organic chemists whose work helped the fledgling discipline grow, but few are familiar with the role that Russian organic chemists of the nineteenth and early twentieth century played in the development of the science. And this is in spite of the fact that many of the named rules and reactions that one studies in the first course in organic chemistry are, in fact, of Russian origin. It is the intent of this book to help rectify that deficiency. -
The Legacy of Henri Victor Regnault in the Arts and Sciences
International Journal of Arts & Sciences, CD-ROM. ISSN: 1944-6934 :: 4(13):377–400 (2011) Copyright c 2011 by InternationalJournal.org THE LEGACY OF HENRI VICTOR REGNAULT IN THE ARTS AND SCIENCES Sébastien Poncet Laboratoire M2P2, France Laurie Dahlberg Bard College Annandale, USA The 21 st of July 2010 marked the bicentennial of the birth of Henri Victor Regnault, a famous French chemist and physicist and a pioneer of paper photography. During his lifetime, he received many honours and distinctions for his invaluable scientific contributions, especially to experimental thermodynamics. Colleague of the celebrated chemist Louis-Joseph Gay- Lussac (1778-1850) at the École des Mines and mentor of William Thomson (1824-1907) at the École Polytechnique, he is nowadays conspicuously absent from all the textbooks and reviews (Hertz, 2004) dealing with thermodynamics. This paper is thus the opportunity to recall his major contributions to the field of experimental thermodynamics but also to the nascent field, in those days, of organic chemistry. Avid amateur of photography, he devoted more than twenty years of his life to his second passion. Having initially taken up photography in the 1840s as a potential tool for scientific research, he ultimately made many more photographs for artistic and self-expressive purposes than scientific ones. He was a founding member of the Société Héliographique in 1851 and of the Société Française de Photographie in 1854. Like his scientific work, his photography was quickly forgotten upon his death, but has begun to attract new respect and recognition. Keywords: Henri Victor Regnault, Organic chemistry, Thermodynamics, Paper photography. INTRODUCTION Henri Victor Regnault (1810–1878) (see Figures 1a & 1b) was undoubtedly one of the great figures of thermodynamics of all time.