Citing Sources
Guide to Creating a Bibliography or Works Cited Page
1. The Chatham Middle School bases its Bibliography or Works Cited rules on the MLA Format. If you would like to check for additional MLA formats go to this website: http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/SECTION/2/11/
2. Whenever you research a topic, you should keep track of your sources. Begin with a working bibliography and include as much information as possible. When your report is complete, reorganize your working bibliography into a Works Cited page containing every source you used.
3. If you do not find the citation rules you need for a particular source, do the best you can by including as much information as you can so any individual will be able to locate your sources.
4. The Works Cited page should appear on a separate sheet of paper at the end of your report.
5. Double space everything on the Works Cited page and use margins of one inch (1").
6. When listing a source, use the hanging indentation format so the first word of each new entry begins at the left margin and indent succeeding lines in the entry approximately five spaces from the left.
7. Arrange all sources in alphabetical order according to the first word of the listing (the word at the left margin). Exclude "The," "A," or "An" in the alphabetical order.
Citing Print Sources Citing Online Sources
Book in Print With One Author General Webpage Book in Print With Two Authors Online Book with an Author Book in Print With Three Authors Online Book With an Editor Book in Print With Four or More Authors Online Encyclopedia Article Book in Print Without an Author Online Magazine Article With an Author Book in Print With an Editor Magazine Article from Online Database (EBSCO or Book in Print With Two Editors Pro Quest) Print Encyclopedia Article With an Author Online Newspaper Article With an Author Print Encyclopedia Without an Author Online Cartoon Print Magazine Article With an Author Online Image –Painting or Sculpture Print Magazine Article Without an Author Online Photograph Print Newspaper Article With an Author Print Newspaper Article Without an Author Cartoon in Print Pamphlet With an Author Pamphlet Without an Author Interview You Conduct Television or Radio Program Videocassette or DVD
Book in Print With One Author 1. Author's last name 8. Colon 2. Comma 9. Publishing company 3. Author's first name 10. Comma 4. Period 11. Year of publication 5. Title of the book – in italics 12. Period 6. Period 13. Write the word Print 7. City of publication 14. Period Example: Rawls, Wilson. Where the Red Fern Grows. NY: Bantam, 1961. Print.
Book in Print With Two Authors 1. First author's last name 10. City of publication 2. Comma 11. Colon 3. First author's first name 12. Publishing company 4. Write the word and 13. Comma 5. Second author's first name 14. Year of publication 6. Second author's last name 15. Period 7. Period 16. Write the word Print 8. Title of the book – in italics 17. Period 9. Period
Example: Haslam, Andrew and Alexandra Parsons. Ancient Egypt. NY: Thomson Learning, 1995. Print.
Book in Print With Three Authors 1. Author's last name 12. Title of the book – in italics 2. Comma 13. Period 3. Author's first name 14. City of publication 4. Comma 15. Colon 5. Second author's first name 16. Publishing company 6. Second author's last name 17. Comma 7. Comma 18. Year of publication 8. Write the word and 19. Period 9. Third author's first name 20. Write the word Print 10. Third author's last name 21. Period 11. Period
Example: Petrovich, Michael B., Arthur D. Roberts, and Christine M. Roberts. World Cultures. Morristown, NJ: Silver Burdette Ginn, 1995. Print.
Book in Print With Four or More Authors 1. First author's last name 9. Colon 2. Comma 10. Publishing company 3. First author's first name 11. Comma 4. Comma 12. Year of publication 5. Write the abbreviation et.al. (meaning "and 13. Period others") 6. Title of the book – in italics 14. Write the word Print 7. Period 15. Period 8. City of publication
Example: Singer, Sandra, et.al. Festivals Around the World. NY: Dell, 1999. Print.
Book in Print Without an Author 1. Title of the book – in italics 6. Comma 2. Period 7. Year of publication 3. City of Publication 8. Period 4. Colon 9. Write the word Print 5. Publishing company 10. Period Example: Origami. Chicago: Children's Press, 1990. Print.
Book in Print With an Editor 1. Editor's last name 9. City of publication 2. Comma 10. Colon 3. Editor's first name 11. Publishing company 4. Comma 12. Comma 5. Write the abbreviation ed (Indicates an edited 13. Year of publication book) 6. Period 14. Period 7. Title of the book – in italics 15. Write the word Print 8. Period 16. Period Example: Fuller, Edmund, ed. 2500 Anecdotes for all Occasions. NY: Avenel, 1978. Print.
Book in Print With Two Editors 1. First editor's last name 11. Period 2. Comma 12. City of publication 3. First editor's first name 13. Colon 4. Write the word and 14. Publishing company 5. Second editor's first name 15. Comma 6. Second editor's last name 16. Year of publication 7. Comma 17. Period 8. Write the abbreviation eds (Indicates editors) 18. Write the word Print 9. Period 19. Period 10. Title of the book – in italics
Example: Schrier, Eric W. and William F. Allman, eds. Newton at the Bat. NY: Charles Scribner's, 1984. Print.
Print Encyclopedia Article With an Author 1. Author's last name 8. Period 2. Comma 9. Edition, if applicable – e.g. 5th ed 3. Author's first name 10. Period 4. Period 11. Year of publication 5. Title of encyclopedia article - in quotes 12. Period 6. Period - inside the quotation marks 13. Write the word Print 7. Name of the encyclopedia – in italics 14. Period Example: Davis, Audrey B. "Reed, Walter." The World Book Encyclopedia. 1999. Print.
Print Encyclopedia Without an Author 1. Title of article - in quotes 6. Period 2. Period - inside quotes 7. Year of publication 3. Title of encyclopedia – in italics 8. Period 4. Period 9. Write the word Print 5. Edition, if applicable – e.g. 5th ed 10. Period Example: “Egypt.” The New Encyclopedia Britannica. 2002. Print.
Print Magazine Article With an Author 1. Author's last name 8. Period 2. Comma 9. Date of magazine in day month year format 3. Author's first name 10. Colon 4. Period 11. Pages of article - see example 5. Title of the article - in quotes 12. Period 6. Period - inside quotes 13. Write the word Print 7. Title of magazine – in italics 14. Period Example for a magazine with a month, day of the week and a year in the date: Padgett, Tim. "Homeward Bound." Newsweek. 3 April 2000: 47. Print.
Example for a magazine with just a month and year in the date: Kunzig, Robert. "Life Boats." Discover. April 2000: 42-49. Print.
Print Magazine Article Without an Author 1. Title of the article - in quotes 6. Colon 2. Period - inside the quotes 7. Pages for article 3. Title of magazine – in italics 8. Period 4. Period 9. Write the word Print 5. Date of magazine in day month year format 10. Period Example for a magazine with a month, a day of the week and a year in the date: "Who Will Be President?" Time. 4 April 2000:13-19. Print.
Example for a magazine with just a month and year in the date: "NASA's Changing Fortunes." Popular Science. April 2000: 56-61. Print.
Print Newspaper Article With an Author 1. Author's last name 8. Date of newspaper in day month year format 2. Comma 9. Comma 3. Author's first name 10. Edition for example.: National, Eastern, Late 4. Period 11. Section and page for article 5. Title of article - in quotes 12. Period 6. Period - inside quotes 13. Write the word Print 7. Title of newspaper – in italics 14. Period Example: Drape, Joe. "Spartans No. 1 From Start to Finish." The New York Times 4 April 2000, National ed.: D1. Print.
Print Newspaper Article Without an Author 1. Title of article - in quotes 7. Colon 2. Period - inside quotes 8. Section and page for article 3. Title of newspaper – in italics 9. Period 4. Date of newspaper in day month year format 10. Write the word Print 5. Comma 11. Period 6. Edition, for example: National, Eastern, Late
Example: "National Zoo Is Close to Securing 2 Pandas." The New York Times 4 April 2000, National ed.: A 21. Print.
Cartoon in Print 1. Artist's last name 8. Period 2. Comma 9. Date in day month year format 3. Artist's first name 10. Colon 4. Period 11. Page 5. Write the word Cartoon 12. Period 6. Period 13. Write the world Print 7. Name of publication – in italics 14. Period Example: Peters, Mike. Cartoon. Newsweek. 13 Nov. 2000: 29. Print.
Pamphlet With an Author You may not be able to supply all of this information, but do the best you can. 1. Author's last name 8. Colon 2. Comma 9. Publishing company 3. Author's first name 10. Comma 4. Period 11. Date of publication 5. Title of pamphlet – In italics 12. Period 6. Period 13. Write the word Print 7. City of publication 14. Period Example: Gates, Jane Potter. Understanding Physical Fitness. Boulder, CO: Physical Education Association of the United States, 1998. Print.
Pamphlet Without an Author 1. Title of pamphlet – in italics 6. Comma 2. Period 7. Date of publication 3. City of publication 8. Period 4. Colon 9. Write the word Print 5. Publishing company 10. Period Example: Culturgram '97: Malaysia. Provo, UT: Brigham Young University, 1996. Print.
Interview You Conduct Identify the medium of communication, for example Personal Interview, Telephone Interview, E-mail Interview, etc.
1. Last name of person interviewed 5. Identify the type of interview 2. Comma 6. Period 3. First name of person interviewed 7. Date in day month year format 4. Period 8. Period Example: James, Morton. Personal Interview. 8 October 2000.
Television or Radio Program 1. Title of the episode - in quotes 8. Comma 2. Period - inside quotes 7. City of local station 3. Name of program – in italics 8. Comma 4. Period 7. Date in day month year format 5. Name of TV or radio network (for example: Public 8. Period Broadcasting System or National Public Radio) 6. Period 9. Write the word Television or Radio
7. Call letters of broadcasting station 10. Period Example for Television Program: "Alliances." Star Trek: Voyager. MyNetworkTV. WWOR, New York, 22 Jan. 1996. Television.
Example for Radio Program: "Assessing the Health of the Gulf Post-Spill." Talk of the Nation. National Public Radio. NPR, New York, 21 Jan. 2011. Radio.
Videocassette or DVD 1. Title of video or movie – In italics 7. Name of distribution company 2. Period 8. Comma 3. Write the abbreviation Dir. and director’s name 9. Year DVD or Videocassette was released 4. Period 10. Period 5. Year movie was released 11. Write the word Videocassette or DVD 6. Period 12. Period Example of a video with a director: National Velvet. Dir. Clarence Brown. 1944. MGM/UA, 1985. Videocassette.
Example of a video without a director: Roller Coaster. Nova, 1993. Videocassette.
Example of DVD with a director: The Outsiders. Dir. Francis Ford Coppola. 1983. Warner Home Video Inc., 2005. DVD.
General Webpage 1. Last name of author of web page 10. Comma 11. Date of last update or date posted in day month year 2. Comma format 3. First name of author of web page 12. Period 4. Period 11. Write the word Web 5. Specific page or article title - in quotes 10. Period 6. Period - inside quotes 11. Date site was accessed in day month year format 7. Name of Website in italics 12. Period 8. Period 13.
Online Book with an Author 1. Author’s last name 11. Year of publication 2. Comma 12. Period 3. Author’s first name 13. Name of website or database in italics 4. Period 14. Period 5. Title of Book – in italics 15. Write the word Web 6. Period. 16. Period 7. City of publication 17. Date site was accessed in day month year format 8. Colon 18. Period 9. Publishing company 19.
Online Book With an Editor 1. Editor's last name 12. Comma 2. Comma 13. Year of publication 3. Editor's first name 14. Period 4. Comma 15. Name of website or database in italics 5. Write the abbreviation ed (Indicates an edited 16. Period book) 6. Period 17. Write the word Web 7. Title of the book – in italics 18. Period 8. Period 19. Date site was accessed in day month year format 9. City of publication 20. Period 10. Colon 21.
Online Encyclopedia Article 1. Last name of author 7. Name of online encyclopedia - in italics 2. Comma 8. Period 3. First name of author 9. Date site was accessed in date month year format 4. Period 10. Period 5. Title of article - in quotes 11.
Online Magazine Article With an Author 1. Author's last name 9. Date of magazine in day month year format 2. Comma 10. Period 3. Author's first name 11. Write the word Web 4. Period 12. Period 5. Title of the article - in quotes 13. Date site was accessed in day month year format 6. Period - inside quotes 14. Period 7. Title of magazine – in italics 15.
Magazine Article from Online Database (EBSCO or Pro Quest) 1. Author's last name 10. Pages in print magazine 2. Comma 11. Period 3. Author's first name 12. Title of database - in italics 4. Period 13. Period 5. Title of the article - in quotes 14. Write the word Web 6. Period - inside quotes 15. Period 7. Name of magazine – in italics 16. Date site was accessed in day month year format 8. Date of print magazine in day month year format 17. Period 9. Colon 18.
Online Newspaper Article With an Author 1. Author's last name 10. Comma 2. Comma 11. Date of newspaper in day month year format 3. Author's first name 12. Period 4. Period 13. Write the word Web 5. Title of article - in quotes 14. Period 6. Period - inside quotes 15. Date site was accessed in day month year format 7. Title of newspaper – in italics 16. Period 8. Period 17.
Online Cartoon 1. Artist's last name 8. Period 2. Comma 9. Write the word Web 3. Artist's first name 10. Period 4. Period 11. Date site was accessed in day month year format 5. Write the word Cartoon 12. Period 6. Name of publication – in italics 13.
Example: Ramsey, Marshall. Cartoon. Time. 8 Jan. 2011. Web. 21 Jan. 2011.
Online Image –Painting or Sculpture 1. Artist's last name 12. Location of museum or collection 2. Comma 13. Period 3. Artist's first name 14. Name of website or database – in italics 4. Period 15. Period 5. Title of Artwork – in italics 16. Write the word Web 7. Period 17. Period 8. Year artwork was created 18. Date viewed in day month year format 9. Period 19. Period 10. Museum, collection, or owner 20.
Online Photograph 1. Artist's last name 12. Publisher or sponsor of the site 2. Comma 13. Comma 3. Artist's first name 14. Date of e-publication 4. Period 15. Period 5. Title of Artwork – in italics 16. Write the word Web 7. Period 17. Period 8. Year artwork was created 18. Date viewed in day month year format 9. Period 19. Period 10. Name of website or database – in italics 20.
Example for a photograph: Nichols, George E. “A Man and Woman With a Covered Wagon, Prospect, Oregon.” 1913. Library of Congress Today in History. The Library of Congress, 14 Aug. 2003. Web. 28 Jan. 2011.