Retrogression of Eclogites to Blueschists: a Record of Fluid
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List of Abbreviations
List of Abbreviations Ab albite Cbz chabazite Fa fayalite Acm acmite Cc chalcocite Fac ferroactinolite Act actinolite Ccl chrysocolla Fcp ferrocarpholite Adr andradite Ccn cancrinite Fed ferroedenite Agt aegirine-augite Ccp chalcopyrite Flt fluorite Ak akermanite Cel celadonite Fo forsterite Alm almandine Cen clinoenstatite Fpa ferropargasite Aln allanite Cfs clinoferrosilite Fs ferrosilite ( ortho) Als aluminosilicate Chl chlorite Fst fassite Am amphibole Chn chondrodite Fts ferrotscher- An anorthite Chr chromite makite And andalusite Chu clinohumite Gbs gibbsite Anh anhydrite Cld chloritoid Ged gedrite Ank ankerite Cls celestite Gh gehlenite Anl analcite Cp carpholite Gln glaucophane Ann annite Cpx Ca clinopyroxene Glt glauconite Ant anatase Crd cordierite Gn galena Ap apatite ern carnegieite Gp gypsum Apo apophyllite Crn corundum Gr graphite Apy arsenopyrite Crs cristroballite Grs grossular Arf arfvedsonite Cs coesite Grt garnet Arg aragonite Cst cassiterite Gru grunerite Atg antigorite Ctl chrysotile Gt goethite Ath anthophyllite Cum cummingtonite Hbl hornblende Aug augite Cv covellite He hercynite Ax axinite Czo clinozoisite Hd hedenbergite Bhm boehmite Dg diginite Hem hematite Bn bornite Di diopside Hl halite Brc brucite Dia diamond Hs hastingsite Brk brookite Dol dolomite Hu humite Brl beryl Drv dravite Hul heulandite Brt barite Dsp diaspore Hyn haiiyne Bst bustamite Eck eckermannite Ill illite Bt biotite Ed edenite Ilm ilmenite Cal calcite Elb elbaite Jd jadeite Cam Ca clinoamphi- En enstatite ( ortho) Jh johannsenite bole Ep epidote -
CHAPTER 4 - MINERAL CHEMISTRY and METAMORPHIC CONDITIONS A
- 217 - CHAPTER 4 - MINERAL CHEMISTRY AND METAMORPHIC CONDITIONS a - 218 - Mineral chemistry and metamorphic conditions The aims of this chapter are to present mineral chemical data, to describe the mineral chemistry in relation to parageneses in selected lithologies (with particular reference to high-pressure metamorphic types) and to evaluate the metamorphic conditions under which these parageneses formed in the light of published experimentally and theoretically derived phase equilibria. Finally, a synthesis of pressure-temperature-time (P-T-t) relationships will be presented. Analytical methods and mineral recalculation schemes are described in Appendices 1 and 2. Results of geothermometry calculations are sumarised in Tbj 4.20. SECTION 4.01 The Eclogites 4.01.1 Summary of petrography Detailed petrographic descriptions appear in Chapter 2, the salient features of which are summarised here. The most common parageneses in the eclogites are:- garnet + omphacite +1- amphibole +1- rutile garnet + omphacite + phengite +1- quartz +1- rutile garnet + omphacite + phengite + zoisite +/_ quartz +/_ rut i e. S - 219 - garnet + omphacite + phengite + zoisite + kyanite +1- quartz ^1- rutile Segregations of zoisite + kyanite + quartz occur in some more aluminous types. Occasionally, Na-poor rocks have pale green or blue-green amphibole in textural equilibrium with omphacite and garnet (figure 2.18) which may become an essential or dominant phase, to give:- garnet + amphibole + clinopyroxene +/_ rutile. The phases listed above will be referred to as 'matrix' phases. Solid inclusions are common in the matrix phases (figures 2.19, 2.45). They are not associated with fractures in the garnets and commonly occur in samples where no alteration of garnet rims or matrix grains has occurred. -
Genesis and Solvus Relations of Submicroscopically Intergrown
Contrib Mineral Petrol (1991) 106:367-378 Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology Springer-Verlag 1991 Genesis and solvus relations of submieroseopieally intergrown paragonite and phengite in a blueschist from northern California* Yen-Hong Shau, Melanie E. Feather**, Eric J. Essene, and Donald R. Peacor Department of Geological Sciences, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA Received February 12, 1990/Accepted July 13, 1990 Abstract. Electron microbeam techniques have been used Introduction to examine submicroscopically intergrown paragonite, phengite and chlorite from the South Fork Mountain Coexisting paragonite and muscovite (or phengite) have Schist of the Franciscan Terrane of northern California, been analyzed in prograde metamorphic assemblages in which was subjected to blueschist facies metamorphism. the anchizone to epizone (Frey 1970, 1978; Livi et al. The sample also contains quartz, albite, lawsonite, and 1988), in the pnmpellyite facies (including prehnite-pum- rutile. The subassemblage albite-lawsonite-rutile re- pellyite and pumpellyite-actinolite facies, term from Es- quires metamorphic conditions on the low-temperature sene 1989; occurrences from Kramm 1980; Merriman side of the equilibrium albite + lawsonite + futile = para- and Roberts 1985; Pc-Piper 1985), the albite-epidote gonite+sphene+quartz+H20 (T<200 ~ and P< hornfels facies (Okuyama-Kusunose 1985), the green- 7.4 kbars based on thermodynamic data of Holland and schist facies (H6ck 1974; Katagas and Baltatzis 1980; Powell 1990). The white micas appear to be optically Ashworth and Evirgen 1984; Baltatzis and Sideris 1985), homogeneous, but back-scattered electron images can the amphibolite facies (Burnham and Radoslovich 1964; distinguish two different micas by their slight difference Zen and Albee 1964; Henley 1970; Baltatzis and Wood in contrast. -
Blueschist Facies Metaconglomerates: Catalina Schist, CA
Altered dioritic clasts in lawsonite- blueschist facies metaconglomerates: Catalina Schist, CA Natalie Elizabeth Sievers GEOL 394 Advisors: Dr. Sarah Penniston-Dorland Dr. William McDonough Dr. Philip Piccoli 0 Altered dioritic clasts in metaconglomerates: Catalina Schist, CA Table of Contents Abstract ...................................................................................................................................................... 2 I. Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 3 II. Geologic Setting ......................................................................................................................... 5 III. Objectives of Research ............................................................................................................... 8 IV. Discussion of Subduction Zone Chemistry ........................................................................... 8 V. Experimental Design and Approach ...................................................................................... 9 VI. Results ........................................................................................................................................ 14 A. Petrographic Results ...................................................................................................14 B. Major Element Compositions ...................................................................................16 C. Whole Rock Results ....................................................................................................17 -
Tracing Fluid Transfers in Subduction Zones: an Integrated 18 2 Thermodynamic and Δ O Fractionation Modelling Approach
https://doi.org/10.5194/se-2019-140 Preprint. Discussion started: 23 September 2019 c Author(s) 2019. CC BY 4.0 License. 1 Tracing fluid transfers in subduction zones: an integrated 18 2 thermodynamic and δ O fractionation modelling approach 3 Alice Vho1, Pierre Lanari1, Daniela Rubatto1,2, Jörg Hermann1 4 1 Institute of Geological Sciences, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland 5 2 Institut de Sciences de la Terre, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland 6 Correspondence to: Alice Vho ([email protected]) 7 Abstract. Oxygen isotope geochemistry is a powerful tool for investigating rocks that interacted with fluids, to assess fluid 8 sources and quantify the conditions of fluid-rock interaction. We present an integrated modelling approach and the computer 9 program PTLOOP that combine thermodynamic and oxygen isotope fractionation modelling for multi-rock open systems. The 10 strategy involves a robust petrological model performing on-the-fly Gibbs energy minimizations coupled to an oxygen 11 fractionation model both based on internally consistent databases. This approach is applied to subduction zone metamorphism to 12 predict the possible range of δ18O values for stable phases and aqueous fluids at various pressure-temperature (P-T) conditions in 13 the subducting slab. The modelled system is composed by a sequence of oceanic crust (mafic) with sedimentary cover of known 14 initial chemical composition and bulk δ18O. The evolution of mineral assemblage and δ18O values of each phase is calculated 15 along a defined P-T path. Fluid-rock interactions may occur as consequence of (1) infiltration of an external fluid into the mafic 16 rocks or (2) transfer of the fluid liberated by dehydration reactions occurring in the mafic rocks into the sedimentary rocks. -
High-Si Phengite Records the Time of Greenschist Facies Overprinting: Implications for Models Suggesting Mega-Detachments in the Aegean Sea
J. metamorphic Geol., 2004, 22, 427–442 doi:10.1111/j.1525-1314.2004.00524.x High-Si phengite records the time of greenschist facies overprinting: implications for models suggesting mega-detachments in the Aegean Sea M. BRO¨ CKER1 ,D.BIELING1 , B. HACKER2 AND P. GANS2 1Institut fu¨r Mineralogie, Zentrallaboratorium fu¨r Geochronologie, Corrensstr. 24, 48149 Mu¨nster, Germany ([email protected]) 2Department of Geological Sciences and Institute for Crustal Studies, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9630, USA ABSTRACT In the lower main unit of the Attic-Cycladic crystalline belt (Greece), white mica geochronology (Rb–Sr, K–Ar, 40Ar–39Ar) has established the timing of at least two metamorphic events: well-preserved high- pressure/low-temperature (HP/LT) rocks yielded Eocene ages (c. 53–40 Ma) and their greenschist facies counterparts provided Oligocene–Miocene dates (c. 25–18 Ma). Marbles from Tinos Island contain high-Si phengite with Rb–Sr (phengite–calcite) and 40Ar–39Ar white mica ages between 41 and 24 Ma. All Ar age spectra are disturbed and 40Ar–39Ar total fusion ages generally are 3–6 Ma older than corresponding Rb–Sr ages. Due to the polymetamorphic history, we consider inheritance from the HP stage as the most likely cause for the complex Ar age spectra and the older 40Ar–39Ar dates. This concept also suggests that the Rb–Sr system is more sensitive to modification during overprinting than the Ar isotope system, because resetting of the Sr isotope system can be accomplished more quickly by Sr exchange with other Ca-rich phases, whereas lack of pervasive deformation and/or restricted availability of synmetamorphic fluids has favoured partial inheritance of the Ar isotope system. -
Archive of SID
Archive of SID IJST (2014) 38A3: 243-252 Iranian Journal of Science & Technology http://ijsts.shirazu.ac.ir An unusual assemblage of talc-phengite-chlorite-K-feldspar in quartz schists from the Nahavand area, Sanandaj-Sirjan zone, Iran J. Izadyar*, S. Mojab, O. Kuroshi and M. Zare Department of Geology, University of Zanjan, University Blvd., Zanjan, Iran E-mail: [email protected] Abstract For the first time, an unusual assemblage of talc-phengite-chlorite-K-feldspar was found in quartz schists from the Sanandaj-Sirjan zone in the Nahavand area in western Iran. The talc-bearing quartz schists occur as small bodies or lenses within pelitic schist layers and contain talc, phengite, chlorite, K-feldspar and quartz as major mineral constituents with subordinate amounts of calcite and graphite. Textural analysis revealed that talc, phengite, chlorite and K-feldspar are in sharp contact and no reaction rims between them were observed. Constructed petrogenetic gird in the K2O-FeO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-H2O (KFMASH) model system containing talc, phengite, chlorite, K-feldspar, phlogopite and kyanite with excess quartz and H2O shows that divariant assemblage of talc- phengite-chlorite-K-feldspar is stable over a wide P-T range defined by the following two univariant reactions: phengite + talc + quartz = chlorite + K-feldspar + kyanite + H2O and chlorite + phlogopite + quartz = talc + phengite + K-feldspar + H2O. Constructed Al2O3-KAlO2-MgO+FeO (AKM) compatibility diagrams predict that phengite (XPh = 0.280, YPh = 0.860), chlorite (XChl = 0.570, YChl = 0.640), talc (XTlc = 0.160, YTlc = 0.02) and K- feldspar are stable at P = 11 kbar and T = 400°C. -
Nomenclature of Common Metamorphic Rocks
Appendix Nomenclature of Common Metamorphic Rocks Magmatic rocks are usually named after some locality. Only in rare cases does the rock name give any indication about the fabric and mineralogical composition of the rock. The names of magmatic rocks have to be memorized like words of a foreign language. Fortunately, this difficulty is not encountered in the nomenclature of most metamorphic rocks. It is only necessary to learn a few names of rock groups, which are characterized by a certain fabric and/or mineralogical composition. Furthermore, the presence of the main or critical minerals is indicated by placing their names in front of the group name. For instance, there is the group of marbles, all of which contain well crystallized carbonates as their main constituent. A particular marble may be designated as dolomite marble, diopside-grossularite marble, tremolite marble, etc. Thus the nomenclature of most metamorphic rocks is clear and easily understood. A more elaborate nomenclature based on quantitative mineralogical composition was proposed by Austrian petrographers after a discussion with colleagues from other countries.1 This no menclature is recommendable and is to a large extent adopted here. Names of Important Rock Groups Phyllite. Fine-grained and very finely schistose rock, the platy minerals of which consist mainly of phengite. Phengite sericite gives an overall silky sheen to the schistosity planes. The grain size is coarser than in slates but finer than in mica schists. In phyllites the amount of phyllosilicates (phengite + some chlorite ± biotite) exceeds 50%. The other most abundant constituent l"Ein Vorschlag zur quantitativen und qualitativen Klassifikation der kristallinen Schiefer" (a symposium). -
Titanium in Phengite: a Geobarometer for High Temperature Eclogites
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by RERO DOC Digital Library Contrib Mineral Petrol (2010) 159:1–24 DOI 10.1007/s00410-009-0412-7 ORIGINAL PAPER Titanium in phengite: a geobarometer for high temperature eclogites Estelle Auzanneau Æ M. W. Schmidt Æ D. Vielzeuf Æ J. A. D Connolly Received: 4 July 2008 / Accepted: 13 May 2009 / Published online: 12 June 2009 Ó Springer-Verlag 2009 Abstract Phengite chemistry has been investigated in phases in HT-(U)HP metamorphic rocks, and are often experiments on a natural SiO2–TiO2-saturated greywacke preserved from regression by entrapment in zircon or garnet, and a natural SiO2–TiO2–Al2SiO5-saturated pelite, at 1.5– thus providing an opportunity to determine the T–P condi- 8.0 GPa and 800–1,050°C. High Ti-contents (0.3–3.7 wt tions of crystallization of these rocks. Two applications on %), Ti-enrichment with temperature, and a strong inverse natural examples (Sulu belt and Kokchetav massif) are correlation of Ti-content with pressure are the important presented and discussed. This study demonstrates that Ti is a features of both experimental series. The changes in com- significant constituent of phengites that could have signifi- position with pressure result from the Tschermak substitu- cant effects on phase relationships and melting rates with tion (Si ? R2? = AlIV ? AlVI) coupled with the decreasing P or increasing T in the continental crust. substitution: AlVI ? Si = Ti ? AlIV. The latter exchange is best described using the end-member Ti-phengite Keywords Phengite Á Titanium Á Thermodynamic (KMgTi[Si3Al]O10(OH)2, TiP). -
Metamorphic Chemical Geodynamics of Subduction Zones
Earth and Planetary Science Letters 260 (2007) 373–393 www.elsevier.com/locate/epsl Frontiers Metamorphic chemical geodynamics of subduction zones Gray E. Bebout Lehigh University, USA Received 13 March 2006; received in revised form 8 March 2007; accepted 31 May 2007 Available online 12 June 2007 Editor: A.N. Halliday Abstract Study of metamorphic suites directly representing the deep subduction of altered oceanic crust and sediments can help elucidate the geochemical evolution of the forearc-to-subarc slab–mantle interface, the nature of slab-derived fluids added to arc lava source regions, and the chemical changes in subducting rocks potentially contributing to the geochemical heterogeneity of the deeper mantle. The stage is set for more focused geochemical study of high-pressure (HP) and ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) metamorphic suites incorporating knowledge of mineral chemistry and reactions, kinetics and disequilibrium, prograde and exhumation-related P–T paths, fluid flow and fluid–rock interactions, and experimental evidence for the physical and chemical properties of fluids at the pressures and temperatures experienced by subducting slabs. Detailed studies of HP and UHP metamorphism published thus far provide some insight regarding the geochemical effects of devolatilization and the element transport capabilities of metamorphic fluids in forearc regions of subduction zones (b100 km). Future research in this rapidly developing field should prioritize study of UHP suites metamorphosed at depths N100 km, which have potentially experienced partial melting, with the goal of better characterizing fluid additions to arcs from subducting slabs and sediments and the compositions of dehydration and melting residues that could impact geochemical compositions of the mantle including source regions for ocean island basalts.