Forty-Year History of the Survey Research Laboratory

Survey Research Laboratory

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January 2005 Forty-Year History of the Survey Research Laboratory 1964–2004 iv Forty-Year History of the Survey Research Laboratory Contents

List of Tables ...... xii List of Figures ...... xiii Preface ...... ix

Chapter 1: The Founding of the Survey Research Laboratory ...... 1 The Place of Polls in American Society in the Early 1960s ...... 1 The University of Illinois in the Early 1960s...... 1 The Founders ...... 2

Chapter 2: The Early Days ...... 5 SRL Is Organized ...... 5 Projects ...... 6 The Data Repository ...... 7 Budgets ...... 7 Staff ...... 7 Organizational Issues ...... 7

Chapter 3: SRL Becomes an All-University Organization ...... 9 Organizational Changes ...... 9 Birth Pangs in the Chicago Office...... 9 Changes in the Role of the Executive Committee ...... 10 Staff ...... 10 Projects ...... 11 Young Married Couples Panel ...... 11 Chicago Housing Studies ...... 12 Intergenerational Economic Relationships ...... 12 Omnibus Surveys ...... 12 Methodological Research ...... 13 Summary ...... 13 Advising and Instructional Activities ...... 13 Survey Research Newsletter ...... 14

Chapter 4: The Growth of SRL ...... 15 Budget ...... 15 Organizational Changes ...... 15 Major Projects ...... 16 Health Studies ...... 16 Economics ...... 17 Agriculture and Rural Development ...... 17 Recreation Studies ...... 18 The Status of Women ...... 18 Education ...... 18 Other Social Science Research ...... 18 Methodological Research ...... 19 Sociology Practicums ...... 19 Advising, Workshops, and Internships ...... 19 Survey Research Newsletter ...... 20

1964–2004 v Data Archive ...... 20 Financial Problems ...... 20 The End of an Era ...... 21

Chapter 5: Robert Ferber ...... 23

Chapter 6: The Warnecke Era ...... 27 Finances ...... 27 University Restructuring in Chicago ...... 27 Staff and Reorganization ...... 28 Offices ...... 29 Projects ...... 30 Health Studies ...... 30 Economics ...... 31 Policy Research ...... 31 Methodological Studies ...... 31 Service and Educational Activities ...... 32 Survey Research Newsletter ...... 32 The Faculty Linkage Model ...... 33 Summing Up ...... 33

Chapter 7: SRL Enters the New Millenium ...... 35 Finances ...... 36 Research ...... 36 Health Studies ...... 36 Addiction Studies ...... 38 Housing and Other Urban Studies ...... 39 Child Well-Being Studies ...... 39 Transportation Studies ...... 40 Business Surveys ...... 40 Criminal Justice Studies ...... 40 Methodological Studies ...... 40 Staff ...... 40 Offices ...... 43 Workshop Series ...... 43 Survey Research Newsletter ...... 44 Questionnaire Review Committee ...... 45 Web Site ...... 45 Dissertation Awards ...... 45 Conferences Organized by SRL ...... 45 Faculty Advisory Committees ...... 46 Graduate Program in Survey Research Methodology at UIC ...... 46 The Research Suspension at UIC ...... 47 SRL Approaches 40 ...... 47

Chapter 8: Seymour Sudman...... 49 by Diane O’Rourke

Appendix A: A Proposal for a Survey Research Laboratory ...... 53 Appendix B: Minutes of the Board of Trustees Meeting of June 17, 1964, Approving the Establishment of SRL ...... 55 Appendix C: SRL Study Summaries ...... 61 Appendix D: List of Publications Related to SRL ...... 139 vi Forty-Year History of the Survey Research Laboratory Tables

Table 1. Workshops Offered by SRL ...... 44

Table 2. Dissertation Award Recipients, 2002–2004 ...... 46

Table 3. SRL Faculty Advisory Committees ...... 48

1964–2004 vii Figures

Figure 1. SRL’s Annual Operating Budget, by Fiscal Year ...... 36

Figure 2. State Funds Received by SRL, by Fiscal Year ...... 37

Figure 3. Facilities and Administration Funds (formerly ICRs) Received by the UI from SRL and State Dollars Received by SRL, by Fiscal Year ...... 37

Figure 4. New Proposals and New Studies, by Fiscal Year ...... 38

Figure 5. Service Projects, by Fiscal Year ...... 38

Figure 6. SRL Staff Publications, by Year ...... 42

Figure 7. SRL Staff Presentations, by Year ...... 43

Figure 8. SRL Seminar Series: Number of Registrants, by Year and Location ...... 44

Figure 9. SRL Seminar Series: Number of Departments Represented by Registrants, by Year and Location ...... 44

viii Forty-Year History of the Survey Research Laboratory Preface

Readers of A Thirty-Year History of the Survey Revising this document to include the past ten Research Laboratory might understandably conclude years of SRL’s history involved the contributions of that Seymour Sudman sat on the periphery of our almost every current SRL staff member and has Laboratory’s historical experience. Of course, this is helped us recover many pleasant memories of due to the author’s extreme modesty. We have colleagues, both present and absent, and of our tried to rectify this in the newly updated version by work. We have perhaps provided more details here including a chapter devoted specifically to than the broad historical context found in the Seymour’s very important contributions (see earlier chapters prepared by Seymour, which Chapter 8). A special thanks to Diane O’Rourke, served as the basis for our thirty-year history. This Seymour’s colleague in the Urbana-Champaign was possible here, of course, as we were tasked office for the better part of three decades, for with chronicling a shorter time interval. We’re authoring this chapter. honored to contribute to this history and look forward to SRL’s future.

Timothy Johnson January 2005

Preface to the Thirty-Year History

This history has been a labor of love by a Ryan have made significant improvements as they nonprofessional historian who has been associated have edited it. Ultimately, however, this is not an with the Survey Research Laboratory for most of its official history of SRL, but an informal one. The existence. Obviously, it cannot and does not claim blame for any errors of interpretation or omissions to be a disinterested narrative. I have tried to step are mine alone. back and view SRL from a broader perspective, My most difficult task has been deciding whose since what was happening at the University of names to mention specifically of the hundreds of Illinois and in the field of survey research had people who have worked at SRL over the years. I major impacts on SRL. have made this decision on the basis of personal I have been aided by use of SRL files and the judgments of what might be most interesting and University Archives. Several colleagues at SRL— useful to non-SRL readers of this history. Richard Warnecke, Sharon Calkins, Diane Inevitably, I have omitted the names of many who O’Rourke, and Ron Czaja—have read earlier drafts played significant roles. To these, my sincere of this manuscript. Finally, Mary Spaeth and Marya apologies.

Seymour Sudman December 1993

1964–2004 ix Forty-Year History of the Survey Research Laboratory Chapter 1 The Founding of the Survey Research Laboratory

THE PLACE OF POLLS IN AMERICAN SOCIETY IN years old. The Bureau of Applied Social Research at THE EARLY 1960S Columbia University was a center of survey design and analysis but did not have its own permanent The birth and growth of any organization data collection facilities. Both NORC and the depends on factors that are both internal and Survey Research Center grew rapidly in the early external to it. Thus it is that the founding of the 1960s because the Bureau of the Census was unable Survey Research Laboratory in October 1964 was and, in some cases, unwilling to obtain the data that not an accidental event, but one that can be social policy makers needed. Also at about this accounted for by conditions in the United States time, new nonprofit survey organizations such as and at the University of Illinois at that time. In this the one at the Research Triangle Institute, which chapter, we discuss the national and university was affiliated with three universities in North settings that contributed to the founding of SRL Carolina, were established. This growth in funding and also describe the founders. was certainly visible to social scientists at universities, who now began to consider using By the early 1960s, survey research had reached large-scale surveys for primary data collection. a secure place in American culture. The Gallup Poll was more than 25 years old and had successfully Many universities in the early 1960s already had predicted the outcomes in presidential elections some survey capabilities that were based in bureaus during the 1950s and in the very close 1960 election. of business research or in individual social science Hardly anyone remembered the major errors the department facilities, although the University of polls had made in predicting the 1948 presidential California at Berkeley had a freestanding unit. Just race. as the Gallup Poll had developed from roots in commercial and social research, the time was right The Kennedy years and the early years of the for the founding of new survey organizations at Johnson era, when Johnson developed the war-on- other major research universities. poverty programs first proposed by President Kennedy, were years of growth for social science in general and for survey organizations, which grew rapidly in response to government requests for THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS IN THE 1960S information to develop and evaluate social programs. World War II and the G.I. Bill of Rights permanently changed the face of American higher In the early 1960s, the major nonprofit data education. After 1945, higher education came to be collection organizations were the U.S. Bureau of the seen as a right for everyone and as a necessity for Census; the National Opinion Research Center career mobility. The University of Illinois grew (NORC) at the University of Chicago, which had rapidly in Urbana-Champaign, at the Medical been founded five years after the founding of the Center in Chicago, and at the new Chicago campus, Gallup Poll; and the Survey Research Center at the which was first established in temporary quarters University of Michigan, which was then about 15

1964–2004 1 at Navy Pier and then moved to an impressive new THE FOUNDERS campus at Chicago Circle. From an enrollment that had peaked at about 14,000 before the war, total The idea for a survey research organization at enrollment at the university doubled to 28,600 in Illinois was first discussed at meetings of the 1947 and was still rising in the early 1960s, reaching Central Illinois Chapter of the American Statistical almost 40,000 by 1964. Association in the 1961–62 academic year. Three The university’s total resources and research faculty members—Robert Ferber from the capacity grew along with enrollment with major Department of Marketing and the Bureau of funding at both the state and federal levels. From a Economic and Business Research, Bernard total budget of $17 million in 1947, the university Lazerwitz from Sociology, and Dennis Sullivan budget increased to about $98 million in 1960 and from Political Science—became involved in planning grew at a rate of about 10% or more through the the new facility. early 1960s. The budget for freestanding research With hindsight, it is clear that even from the organizations grew from about $6 million in 1950 to beginning, Robert Ferber led the effort. He was $21 million in 1960 to $31 million in 1964. already a nationally known economist, statistician, To some extent, this growth was shared by all and marketing researcher with extensive networks institutions of higher education, but the University of colleagues both on and off campus. Ferber swam of Illinois—with its strengths then as now in daily at the Huff Gym pool and used this engineering, the hard sciences, and agriculture— opportunity to interact with a wide range of was especially well equipped to benefit from university faculty and staff members who used the increased funding of research. Along with this same facilities. He also had been at the Bureau of funding came the return of overhead funds that Economic and Business Research for more than a were available for the development of new decade and had a sense of how a research programs. To sum up, the university was in an organization worked. Behind a mild manner, a optimistic growth mode, and funds were available slight stutter, and a strong sense of humor, there for promising new programs. also was a strong will and a desire to lead. Thus, when a proposal came from a group of Lazerwitz was a rising sociologist with a strong statisticians and social scientists at Urbana- sampling and survey statistics background, but at Champaign for the establishment of a survey the time he did not yet have the stature of Ferber; research organization at the University of Illinois, it as one indication, Ferber was a full professor while was received with positive interest at each level of Lazerwitz was an associate professor. Sullivan, a university administration, by the Board of Trustees, non-tenured assistant professor, came from a and finally by the state legislature. Of course, department that was then and continued for the preceding the formal approval, there had been next decade to be dominated by qualitative political informal meetings to smooth the way. These are scientists. He saw a survey organization as a haven discussed in the next section, but as one illustration, for his interests and took an active, but not the founding director Robert Ferber enjoyed telling the leading, role in the planning. story about why the organization was named the At the university, the three administrators who Survey Research Laboratory instead of the initially facilitated the founding of SRL were Jack Peltason, proposed name, which was the Survey Research a political scientist who was then dean of the Institute. David Dodds Henry, the highly successful College of Liberal Arts and Sciences (and who later president of the University of Illinois at the time, became chancellor of the Urbana-Champaign vetoed the word “institute.” He said the word campus); Herbert Carter, a chemist who was dean should be “laboratory,” since that word would of the Graduate College; and Lyle Lanier, a social suggest that the organization was more scientific psychologist who was then provost. Ferber and it would be easier to raise funds. Henry was especially appreciated the strong support of Carter, clearly proven right. who was a hard scientist. There was agreement that SRL would be housed in the Graduate College and then become an all-university organization. This fit well into the University’s general policy of placing new interdisciplinary research units into the Graduate College, at least initially.

2 Forty-Year History of the Survey Research Laboratory At a meeting held on November 20, 1963, the The proposal that was developed has, with general idea was discussed by Ferber, Lazerwitz, some modifications, charted the course of SRL’s and Sullivan and approved by Carter, Lanier, and activities ever since. The objectives of SRL were to Peltason. Dean Carter agreed to send letters to 21 be individuals who might have an interest in it. Those • To plan, conduct, and process survey operations who responded would be assigned to groups to needed for university research projects; work on a formal proposal to submit to Provost • To conduct and promote research in survey Lanier, who would then submit it to the university methods; Board of Trustees and then, through the Board of • To provide a means for training undergraduate Higher Education, to the Governor and state and graduate students in survey methods; and legislature for approval in the 1965–67 biennial • To serve as a data repository for survey and budget. Ferber was named chair of the committee. other data on the state of Illinois. It was recognized at this meeting that all these approvals were required, but Provost Lanier The proposal for the new Survey Research agreed to make university funds available for start- Laboratory went forward and was approved by the up costs once the proposal was approved by the Provost and by the Board of Trustees on June 17, trustees. Although no director was to be appointed 1964. Appendix 1 gives the complete proposal, and before approval of the proposal, the only two Appendix 2 gives the minutes of the portion of the viable candidates were Ferber and Lazerwitz, and June 17 meeting at which the establishment of SRL even then, Ferber was clearly the first choice. was recommended and approved.

1964–2004 3 4 Forty-Year History of the Survey Research Laboratory Chapter 2 Early Days

SRL IS ORGANIZED from within the Executive Committee. The choice, unsurprisingly, was Robert Ferber. The formal process for organizing SRL once Even before the selection of the director had approval had been received from the Board of been formalized, three of the section chiefs had Trustees was for the dean of the Graduate College been tentatively appointed: Lazerwitz to head the Herbert Carter to appoint an Executive Committee, Sampling Section; Sullivan to head the Data which would recommend the appointment of a Repository; and Matthew Hauck, who had been director. The director then would recommend working for several years as the field director of appointment of SRL section chiefs, who would be the Consumer Savings Project in the Bureau of approved by the Executive Committee. Economic and Business Research under Ferber’s On September 28, 1964, Carter appointed the direction, as chief of Field Operations. Doris Barr following faculty as members of the founding SRL was selected a few months later in April 1965 as Executive Committee: chief of Data Coding and Processing. George K. Brinegar, Agriculture Mary Kelly Black was the first SRL secretary. Robert Ferber, Economics Four students were hired to work as research Martin Fishbein, Psychology assistants in the sections, and three students Glenn W. Fisher, Institute of Government & Public worked part-time. There also were two additional Affairs nonacademic staff members, so the first SRL William I. Goodman, Urban Planning directory listed 15 people. Bernard Lazerwitz, Sociology Mark H. Lepper, Chicago Medical School Space was provided by the College of Adolf Sturmthal, Labor & Industrial Relations Commerce and Business Administration in six Dennis Sullivan, Political Science offices on the fourth floor of David Kinley Hall, adjacent to the Bureau of Economic and Business Aside from the three initiators of the proposal Research, where Ferber continued to hold an to establish SRL, the composition of this group was appointment. determined primarily by Ferber. The group A master sample of the state of Illinois was represented the diverse users of survey research selected in 30 counties under Lazerwitz’s direction, but also was characterized by the fact that most of and Hauck started recruiting interviewers in the its members were known to Ferber and well selected locations. He relied heavily on both regarded on campus. Ferber was named the chair newspaper stories and advertisements and, in rural of the committee. areas, on the university’s Extension staff. By the At an initial meeting in October, the Executive end of the 1964–65 school year, he reported a staff Committee agreed that the director would be of 170 part-time interviewers who had indicated a selected from within the university and specifically willingness to work but who were as yet untrained and inexperienced. It was time for work to begin.

1964–2004 5 PROJECTS chapter. The next two studies were conducted for The first SRL project was conducted for Provost Lyle Lanier and seem to have gone Lazerwitz and dealt with religion and family smoothly. Study 003 was SRL’s first mail survey, a living. It used the Illinois master sample that study of retired and near-retired staff members of Lazerwitz had selected, although because Jews the University of Illinois to determine their were substantially oversampled, the work was housing needs. Study 004 was a face-to-face study heavily concentrated in the Chicago area. The of families in the Chicago area to determine college study was funded by the National Science attendance plans of 14- to 22-year-old Chicago Foundation (NSF) and the National Jewish Welfare youth. Board. The project was formally accepted by the A complete list of all SRL studies is included in SRL Executive Committee1 in April of 1965, this volume. In the remainder of this history, we although planning had begun early in the year. shall comment on especially significant studies and Work continued until September 1966. The budget summarize the remainder. Thus, SRL completed no for the project was $16,000. studies in 1965, 5 studies in 1966, 6 in 1967, and 11 The second project was conducted for Merlin in 1968. Four of these studies were done by mail, Taber of the graduate School of Social Work in nine involved face-to-face interviews, and two Urbana and studied the effects of a new used combined data collection methods. The other community mental health program in Macon studies involved data processing but no data County. The budget for this study was $12,400. collection. Although there were minor problems Both studies ran into difficulties, probably with some of these studies, the files do not indicate caused mostly by the inexperience of the new any serious cost overruns. Indeed, some of the organization, but also by the uncertainties of the studies came in well under budget. By 1968, SRL survey process. Both studies significantly exceeded had survived its birth traumas and was a vigorous their budgets and took longer to complete than infant. anticipated. Field interviewers who had been hired One other study of this period we find were novices and needed both training and actual especially interesting from both a technical and interviewing experience before they became personal perspective. Study 010 was a survey of the productive. Many initial hires fell by the wayside need for a senior college in Springfield, Illinois. and needed to be replaced. Hauck, with little help, The results of this study were used in the decision found himself overwhelmed. Lazerwitz, who had process that led to the establishment of what was left the University of Illinois for a visiting then Sangamon State University (now the appointment at Brandeis University, was especially University of Illinois at Springfield). Technically, unhappy. After about a third of the work had been the study was interesting because for the first time, completed on his study, he ended his agreement SRL used telephone interviews along with mail with SRL and finished the project alone using the questionnaires and face-to-face interviews in same interviewers but supervising and paying reaching government employees’ families, high them directly. school graduates, public school teachers, and Aside from the cost overrun on the mental Springfield Junior College sophomores. health project that was absorbed by SRL, the Because this study was clearly going to be used quality of the data obtained was good. There was, to make a major policy decision, Ferber invited a however, a problem with data processing related review panel of three people to review the to the cleaning of the data, although it was methods and results. Seymour Sudman was then amicably resolved. Nevertheless, the problems on director of sampling and senior study director at these first two studies did raise concerns with the NORC at the University of Chicago, and Ferber Executive Committee and with the new Graduate especially wanted advice on sampling issues, since College dean, Daniel Alpert, and his assistant, he had no in-house expertise at that time. He asked George Russell, that are discussed later in this Sudman to participate on this panel, and the experience was mutually satisfying. Shortly after the project ended, they started the discussions that 1The reason that formal approval of the Executive Committee was required was the initial concern that SRL would become involved with inappropriate or poorly designed studies. As a safeguard against this, all projects needed to be described in detail to and approved by the Executive Committee.

6 Forty-Year History of the Survey Research Laboratory would lead to Sudman’s joining SRL and the stayed for only a year or two. University of Illinois in 1968. During these early years, only Ferber as director and Hauck as chief of Field Operations remained stable. All the other section chiefs THE DATA REPOSITORY changed, and the staff did not become reasonably stable until late in the 1960s. A major development in survey research in the One new position that developed at SRL was 1960s was the start of development of social science that of project supervisor, later to be called project data archives. SRL saw this as one of its roles, and coordinator. The first person to fill this role in a it was a function listed in the initial proposal for SRL. At the time, the university already was part-time capacity was Matilda Frankel. A year later, she was joined by Wallace Wilson, a young associated with the Inter-University Consortium economist who had received his training at the for Political and Social Research (ICPSR), whose University of Michigan’s Survey Research Center. activities were centered at the Survey Research Center at the University of Michigan. There was no Two secretaries were hired by SRL in 1967 who affiliation with the Roper Center or other archives, played a significant role in SRL’s growth. Margaret and SRL wanted to fill this gap, as well as to Greene stayed with SRL until 1980; when she left, archive SRL studies. By 1967, there were 32 studies she was operations manager. Bette Hulmes, who in the archives, mainly from ICPSR, but use of the was with SRL until 1985, was first Robert Ferber’s archives was slow to develop. Over the next few secretary and then Richard Warnecke’s. Bernita years, however, more faculty became aware of the (Fruhling) Rusk, who joined SRL in 1969, remained availability of archival material, and usage grew. with SRL until her retirement in 1997. The Chicago office of SRL, which had been included in the 1966–67 budget, was opened in the BUDGETS fall of 1967, headed by Richard McKinlay, an assistant professor of sociology who had The initial budget of SRL for the year 1964–65, previously been at NORC. At this time, however, supplied by Provost Lanier, was $52,500. The all operations and administrative activities were following year, the budget tripled to $160,620, of centered in Urbana, and McKinlay acted as liaison which 47% ($75,700) was from state funds; the between university faculty in Chicago, the City of remainder was generated by project funds. In Chicago, and SRL’s Urbana staff. 1966–67, the second full year of SRL operations, the total budget remained almost level (actually, it decreased by $1,000), and as project funds ORGANIZATIONAL ISSUES declined, the state funds increased to 57.3% ($91,300). Some of this increase was intended to In 1966, a new dean of the Graduate College, fund the establishment of an SRL office in Chicago. Daniel Alpert, was appointed. At their best, After this one pause, budgets rose sharply through relations between Alpert and Ferber were never as the remainder of the 1960s. In 1968-69, the budget cordial as they had been between Ferber and was $342,000, with all the increase coming from Herbert Carter, the previous dean. Alpert asked project funds. Ferber in March of 1967 to prepare a blueprint for SRL. Ferber outlined an organizational structure that called for considerable growth, including STAFF additional positions for project coordinators (survey generalists who would work with clients). Staff increases in the early years reflected the It is clear that Alpert was not fully persuaded by increases in budget, since almost all of the funds the Ferber blueprint. were for staff and interviewers. Computed in full- Alpert appointed an ad hoc committee to time equivalents, the count was 9 the first year, a evaluate the current status and the future of SRL. little over 22 the second year, 24 in 1966–67, and 47 (Several other such committees were used by in 1967–68. Actual changes in staff were even successive university administrators of SRL who greater, since many of the staff members were found it a difficult unit to evaluate when it came either junior faculty or graduate students who under their control.)

1964–2004 7 The committee consisted of two members of came from other department heads as well. Due’s the Executive Committee (George Brinegar and response was typical: Bernard Farber) and three other faculty members In Economics, as in most departments (John Due, Harold Hake, and Dillon Mapother). concerned, the persons interested in SRL The report they issued in April 1967 was work constitute a small minority in the supportive of additional growth for SRL. Their department—yet as a whole, considering recommendations were that such growth might be all departments, comprise a substantial funded from federal training research grants and number. The departments per se have a fellowships and from departments making wide variety of interests and concerns additional released time available for faculty to and problems, and SRL is only one of participate in the survey operations and training them. This situation is a primary reason activities of SRL. They suggested that increased for having a separate SRL, with a staff of support from the Graduate College would be its own over which the director has needed while such funds were being sought. jurisdiction. Dean Alpert appeared to agree with the committee’s recommendations but picked up In retrospect, SRL adopted some of the particularly on the recommendation that additional recommendations of Dean Alpert and the ad hoc slots be funded from departmental lines. In his committee but not others. Several new senior response to the committee, he made some positions at SRL were created jointly with the statements about SRL that clearly indicated the Departments of Sociology and Business friction between Ferber and himself. In a section Administration, but SRL was never able to obtain labeled “Some Conclusions” he stated, significant amounts of federal training money. The present academic clientele who use Instead, growth was to come primarily from SRL either as a service or as a research or projects, with some smaller amounts being training facility is so small as to raise provided by state funding. serious questions as to the need for a Correspondence on minor personnel matters major facility in this area. It is not clear during the next year indicates that tensions whether the shortage of users is due to: between Ferber and Alpert continued. It was at (a) a lack of academic staff interest or this time that discussions started about splitting the need for such a facility or (b) a Graduate College into separate units for Urbana- disillusionment and dissatisfaction with Champaign and Chicago. One aspect of this split the nature of its management. There is was the possibility of moving SRL to a different considerable evidence for the validity of level within the university. Both Alpert and Ferber (a) and (b). favored such a move. How this happened is described in the next chapter. The committee members and Ferber reacted vigorously to this response, and support for SRL

8 Forty-Year History of the Survey Research Laboratory Chapter 3 SRL Becomes an All-University Organization

ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGES committee was found to be duplicative of the Executive Committee and abandoned after a year. The next five years of SRL’s history (1968 to At its meeting in September 1969, the Board of 1972) were years of significant change in its Trustees approved the SRL reorganization, and it organizational structure. This chapter describes not went into effect on October 1, 1969. only these changes but also the major The change to an all-university unit raised developments in the research activities and the some new and unanticipated problems. One of the growing professionalization of the SRL staff. first that surfaced was the need for additional In January 1968, the Board of Trustees of the space in Chicago. Since SRL was an all-university University of Illinois approved a reorganization unit, campus planners in Chicago made no plan under which a separate graduate college was provisions for SRL in their development plans. created at each of the three campuses (at that time, Nevertheless, through negotiations, SRL was given the Chicago Circle Campus and Medical Center increased space adjoining the Sociology were separate). Given the strained relations Department in the Behavioral Sciences Building. between SRL and Dean Alpert, who became the head of the Urbana-Champaign Graduate College, and the growing importance of SRL’s Chicago BIRTH PANGS IN THE CHICAGO OFFICE office, the Executive Committee considered a wide range of alternatives, including separate facilities at During this period, the Chicago office of SRL each campus. At Ferber’s recommendation, they grew rapidly and encountered the same problems ultimately proposed that SRL become an all- that the Urbana office had in its early years—delays university unit. The only difficulty with this in finishing studies and severe cost overruns. By recommendation was that Herbert Carter, who 1970, the deficit caused by these cost overruns and was then university vice president for research, did the costs of moving into and equipping the Chicago not want SRL under his wing, since he was office had reached about $100,000. Ferber became concerned about loss of campus control. greatly concerned and, after a series of meetings Ultimately, it was decided to put SRL under the with the Chicago staff, decided that his presence control of Executive Vice President and Provost was needed on a regular basis to maintain control. Lyle Lanier, who had been involved in the McKinlay, who had run the Chicago office since it founding of SRL and remained sympathetic to it. was opened, left the university, and for the next Dean Alpert supported the recommendation. several years, Ferber spent half of each week in During the 1968–69 school year, SRL was Chicago. Ultimately, his presence and the maturing supervised by two committees: the Executive of the staff resulted in some reduction of problems. Committee, which operated as it had since the In 1971, the SRL’s Executive Committee asked inception of SRL, and a General Policy Committee, that a visiting committee be appointed to evaluate whose members represented the offices of the the status of SRL. Such a committee was appointed, chancellors on the three campuses. This latter consisting of James A. Davis, then director of

1964–2004 9 NORC; Charles Y. Glock, then a professor of They also proposed an advisory committee Sociology, who also had been the director of the consisting of persons with considerable knowledge Survey Research Center at the University of of surveys who would meet informally and California, Berkeley; and Warren Miller from the irregularly and advise the director on concrete Survey Research Center, University of Michigan. technical problems, such as what computer should While the report was positive on activities in be purchased and who would serve as a bridge Urbana, it raised serious concerns about the between SRL and potential clients. Both of these Chicago office. The visitors observed that recommendations ultimately were adopted. The Executive Committee was to remain active until The staff in Chicago is weak. There is no 1990. senior person, at the moment, and we are told that the junior staff are far from experienced. Dr. Ferber is seriously STAFF overextended. It is inconceivable that he can carry out heavy administrative chores There was rapid turnover at SRL in its early in both Urbana and Chicago even if he years, with only Ferber, Hauck, and some had a full-time appointment to the secretarial staff remaining by 1968. In the next five Laboratory. years, several people joined SRL who remained with the organization for many years. One of the The report recommended that highest priority chief sources of new staff members during that be given to finding a senior person to head the period was NORC at the University of Chicago. Chicago office. Ferber obtained the budget, started Although there was a large size difference and the search for such a person, and ultimately found NORC primarily was involved in national studies, him in Richard Warnecke. in other respects the organizations were similar. They both were strong advocates of careful probability sampling procedures; well-trained and CHANGES IN THE ROLE OF THE EXECUTIVE personally supervised interviewers; and quality COMMITTEE control of data entry, including cleaning and editing of punch cards. They both were interested in As SRL grew, the use of a subcommittee of the methodological research and training of new survey Executive Committee to approve each SRL project researchers. became increasingly irksome, both for the staff and Seymour Sudman, who had directed sampling for the members of the Executive Committee. and done methodological research at NORC, came Committee members often were out of town or to Urbana in 1968. In his seven years at NORC, he swamped with other duties and delayed their had written two books and ten articles and received responses, which slowed the SRL work flow. By three NSF grants. He was made a senior associate 1970, it was decided that the primary work of professor in the Departments of Business screening projects should be placed in the hands of Administration and Sociology and given a summer one project review officer for Urbana and one for appointment at SRL. In reality, he spent about half Chicago. Professors Martin Fishbein and Richard of his time at SRL supervising sampling and starting Johnson were designated for this role. the program in survey methodology that had been In its 1971 report, the visiting committee felt one of the initial goals of SRL. He taught graduate- that the Executive Committee was still too heavily level courses in survey methods and sampling, as involved in operational details of SRL. They well as later participating in SRL advising and recommended that training activities and acting as a sounding board The “Executive Committee” should: meet for Ferber. seldom, not concern itself with details of In 1971, Joe L. Spaeth, also from NORC, was particular studies, consist of persons given a half-time appointment at SRL and a half- influential in the university but not time appointment in Sociology at Urbana. Spaeth necessarily survey research experts, and was then the author of two books and several deal with matters of broad general policy articles and monographs primarily dealing with such as the annual budget, Chicago- higher education and career choice. Thus, by 1971, Urbana relations, hiring of the director, SRL had three senior Urbana faculty members who etc. all had significant national visibility, although

10 Forty-Year History of the Survey Research Laboratory Sudman and Spaeth were overshadowed by Ferber, To sum up, by 1972, the Urbana office of SRL who had been founding editor of the Journal of had a sufficient nucleus of both faculty and staff so Marketing Research, was then editor of the Journal of that a distinctive SRL mode of doing surveys had the American Statistical Association, and had been developed and new staff could be trained. Chicago president of the American Marketing Association in still lacked senior leadership, except for Ferber, but 1970. was past the initial birth pangs and was developing At a more junior level, Richard McKinlay, a a core staff. It would be several years, however, recent Ph.D. from the University of Chicago who before the strengths were equal at both sites. had worked at NORC, was then directing the Chicago office. McKinlay ultimately left SRL and the university. PROJECTS The technical staff of SRL also had NORC roots. Young Married Couples Panel Nancy Morrison, who was for several years chief of SRL’s Data Processing Section, came from NORC in Several significant projects began during this 1969. Mary Spaeth, SRL’s editor and librarian until period. Ferber had been too busy with 1992, joined in 1971 at the same time that her organizational details to do any projects through husband Joe did. In Chicago, Marlene Simon, who SRL, but in 1968 he started a panel of young had been a field coordinator at NORC, became the married couples in Peoria and Decatur, Illinois, to chief of the Chicago SRL Field Section but left after study consumer decision making in households. several studies experienced major difficulties. Ultimately, the cooperating households were Of course, NORC was only one source of SRL contacted 18 times over a period of 14 years. Much staff members. Daniel Amick from the University of of the funding for the panels came from NSF, Pittsburgh joined Chicago Circle’s Sociology although for individual waves, other sources of Department and SRL in 1971, primarily with funds were used, including the Institute of Life responsibility for the SRL data archives. Edward Insurance, the Educational Foundation of the Lakner, who had received his Ph.D. in American Association of Advertising Agencies, and communications at Urbana-Champaign, joined SRL’s Anheuser Busch. The major collaborators with Urbana office in 1970 as a project coordinator and Ferber on this work were Francesco Nicosia of the remained in that position until 1993. Ronald F. University of California, Berkeley, and Lucy Lee, Czaja, then a Ph.D. candidate in Chicago Circle’s who had appointments in SRL and the Urbana- Sociology Department, came to SRL in 1970 to run Champaign Department of Economics. In 1972, a the Chicago Sampling Section. Czaja received his new panel of young married couples in the Chicago Ph.D. in 1976 and served as assistant director for area was started with NSF funding and went the Chicago office until his departure in 1990. through 12 waves. Both panels ended with Ferber’s Other long-term SRL staff members who joined death in 1981. Besides the steady stream of in this period include Diane O’Rourke, who was publications by Ferber and his collaborators, the first hired as a coder in 1969 while doing graduate panel data were used by many graduate students work, became a project coordinator in 1973, and for their dissertations. remained with SRL until her retirement at the end The data collected covered the following topics: of 2001; Johnny Blair, who was hired as a sampling • Changes in family and economic assistant in 1970 and eventually became the chief of circumstances, the Sampling Section and then manager of the • Attitudes toward financial investment and Urbana office before leaving in 1989; David investment behavior, Shoemaker, who was to be SRL’s chief accountant • Ownership of financial assets, for more than a decade and came in 1970; and Jutta • Money-handling and savings behavior, Thornberry (then Phillips), who joined the Field • Purchases and plans to purchase durables, Section that she was later to head in 1971. Others and with long-term service in data reduction were • Demographic and personality characteristics Frances Sykes and Dorothy Nemanich, who both of husbands and wives. came in 1969. Among the long-term secretarial staff who started then were Bette Hulmes, who retired in 1985, and Bernita Rusk, who remained with SRL until her retirement in December 1997.

1964–2004 11 In the early waves, data were collected in households, particularly in low-income primarily by face-to-face interviews with self- neighborhoods. administered supplements. Beginning in the fall of The City of Chicago was unsuccessful in 1977, telephone and mail methods were used to persuading the Bureau of the Census to change its reduce costs, particularly for following households figures for Chicago that year, but the increasing that had moved out of state. emphasis on the use of census figures for federal The continuous funding over a decade and a funding led Chicago, along with other major cities, half by NSF indicates that the panel was regarded to sue the Bureau of the Census in 1980 to force as a useful research tool by the social science adjustment, and in 1990, such adjustments were community, especially by economists, although proposed by the Census Bureau but not adopted. Ferber’s reputation also contributed to its longevity. While it existed, the panel provided a Intergenerational Economic Relationships steady source of funding that helped SRL in its budget planning. SRL’s ability to maintain the panel Among the significant academic studies in this and the complex files that resulted was a significant period was a study in 1970-71 of intergenerational indicator that the Laboratory had achieved poverty. The study (052) was directed by Harold technical maturity. Guthrie, who had been in the Economics Department at Urbana-Champaign when the Chicago Housing Studies proposal was written but had moved to The Urban Institute at the time the study was fielded. Funding Two highly significant studies were done for was obtained from the Ford Foundation and NSF. the City of Chicago, thus achieving another of The study was based on samples of African- SRL’s goals: to be a data source for significant American and white households selected in policy decisions. The first (Study 020) was a study Chicago and Jackson County (a poor Southern of 1,500 households on their satisfaction with their Illinois county) in which the head was under the housing, attitudes toward racially mixed age of 25. Households above and below the neighborhoods, and plans to remain in Chicago. poverty level were sampled. Initial respondents This study for the City of Chicago Department of (both spouses) were asked for the names of parents Development and Planning was funded by a and siblings, who also were interviewed, federal Community Renewal Program grant and anticipating the use of network sampling methods was completed in 1968. Ferber wrote the final that SRL was to develop and use extensively two report. decades later. A much larger study of 13,000 housing units was conducted for the Department of Development Omnibus Surveys and Planning in 1970. This study (053) focused on conditions of housing and housing vacancies. The Throughout its existence, SRL has attempted to sample was 1% of the total estimated units in the field omnibus surveys, whose cost is covered by a city. This study overwhelmed the capabilities of the broad range of clients. The major advantage of Chicago office and resulted in the large deficit such surveys is that researchers with limited funds mentioned earlier. Some of the deficit might have can obtain professionally collected data from a been the result of an unrealistic initial budget of large probability sample. Of course, an omnibus $144,000, or $10 per case plus an additional fee of survey must be based on a general population $14,000, which was low even by 1970 standards. sample that can be used by all participants, and the One especially interesting comparison was number of questions that can be asked by any one made between the SRL results and those of the researcher is limited by that researcher’s resources. 1970 census, which was conducted simultaneously. The first omnibus survey, conducted in 1968, The SRL estimate of population in households was was an ambitious effort involving 15 researchers—8 about 10% higher than the census data, with a at the Urbana-Champaign campus, 2 at the Chicago strong indication that the census, using mail Circle campus, and the remainder at various state methods and inexperienced enumerators, had agencies. The sample size was 2,000, and the significantly underestimated the number of persons interviews were conducted face-to-face. Costs to

12 Forty-Year History of the Survey Research Laboratory the users varied from less than $1,000 up to $5,000, The second study (048) involved determining with most in the $1,000 to $2,000 range. the optimum recall period for the purchase of items The next omnibus, in 1969, was a much smaller such as furniture and other durable goods where effort with only two clients and a sample of 800 the data could not be obtained from a one-week telephone interviews. During the 1970s, the trend diary. This study was conducted in Springfield and was toward studies of special populations, and it Decatur, Illinois, and completed in 1970. An was difficult to amalgamate clients into another interesting aspect of this study was that some of omnibus survey. Also, some potential users of an the sample was selected from the list of credit card omnibus survey turned instead to the sociology customers of a major department store chain and a practicums that were started at this time. The next major gasoline company, so that reports of omnibus was not conducted until the early 1980s. purchases in these outlets could be compared with company records. Methodological Research The results showed significant omissions for recall periods longer than one month and especially The first major methodological studies for periods longer than three months. There was conducted by SRL were funded by the Bureau of also some evidence of telescoping—that is, errors Labor Statistics (BLS) and involved the use of in the dating of events. Ultimately, BLS decided to diaries and recall procedures to obtain consumer use five quarterly interviews with the same expenditure data. Both Ferber and Sudman had household to minimize both types of errors. worked with consumer diaries at the Market Research Corporation of America, and Sudman’s Summary dissertation, published in the first volume of the Journal of Marketing Research, edited by Ferber, As an indication of growth, SRL undertook 34 compared the accuracy of diaries and recall new projects in both 1970–71 and 1971–72, clearly procedures. indicating that it was in its exponential growth At the time, BLS had been obtaining phase. Projects generated $455,000 in 1970–71, expenditure data based on recall for the previous although this dropped to $305,000 in 1971–72 year. The results had been strongly criticized by because many of the projects were smaller that reviewers, and BLS was in the process of year. developing new data collection procedures, which were ultimately implemented in 1972–73. Robert Pearl, who was later to join the staff of SRL, was ADVISING & INSTRUCTIONAL ACTIVITIES the assistant commissioner in charge of this effort at BLS and asked Ferber and Sudman to do the As SRL’s staff grew in size and professionalism developmental work. and as awareness of SRL expanded, requests for advice increased dramatically. In 1968–69, 165 The first study (039) involved a sample of about individuals and groups received advice. This grew 600 households in the Rock Island/Moline and to 238 in 1969–70, 458 in 1970–71, and 880 in 1971– Springfield, Illinois, metropolitan areas. The study 72. Although some of this increase reflected tested the effects of the length of time the diary increased consulting in Chicago, the Urbana was kept (one to four weeks), the type of diary increase was so great as to start to cause serious (ledger, journal, or outlet), and compensation to time pressures on the staff that would ultimately respondents for keeping diaries. result in setting limits on the amount of time that The results were directly adopted by BLS when would be devoted to free advising. it introduced the use of a one-week ledger diary SRL offered no regular courses directly, into its data collection efforts. The SRL results although its faculty-affiliated staff offered survey showed significantly improved cooperation if a courses through their departments. SRL did offer gift, such as an American flag, government noncredit workshops in survey methods, which publication, or stationery holder, was given to the were well attended by both graduate students and household (cash was not considered because of faculty. The first of these, an introduction to survey federal policies against paying respondents). methods, was offered in 1968–69. The following Ultimately, BLS used the stationery holder as its year, there were three workshops—two general gift.

1964–2004 13 and one on processing survey data. In 1970–71, strong encouragement to expand the letter to four workshops were offered in Urbana- incorporate information from other survey Champaign and one was offered in Chicago. In organizations. He quickly agreed. The first 1971–72, six workshops were offered—two on newsletter provided a list of academic survey survey methods, two on the use of SPSS, and two organizations (18 including SRL). This listing was on using the 1970 census data. Since the workshops to become a widely consulted annual directory. In included several hands-on exercises, it was that first issue, there also were stories of studies at necessary to limit enrollment to 40 persons. Most NORC, York University, and a new survey center workshops were heavily overenrolled, and many in Lima, Peru. Initially, these stories were based on applicants were put on waiting lists. informal contacts by these organizations with The other educational activity in which SRL members of the SRL staff. Later, regular requests participated was a practicum, operated first on the for information were sent to the listed Chicago campus in 1970 and the following year on organizations, who in turn began to send the Urbana-Champaign campus by their respective summaries of activities on a regular basis. In sociology departments. These practicums were addition to providing a valuable service to the modeled after the well-known Detroit Area Study survey community, Survey Research also conducted by the University of Michigan Survey accomplished its aims of informing the University Research Center. At each campus, a faculty member of Illinois faculty about SRL and of increasing SRL’s along with an SRL staff person was responsible for national and international visibility. the practicum. The faculty member selected the topic, but students were involved in developing the survey design and questionnaire, conducting interviews, and analyzing the data. SRL field staff helped in questionnaire development, supervised the interviewing, and conducted additional interviews if outside funding was available. SRL also did the sampling and data processing.

SURVEY RESEARCH NEWSLETTER

In March 1969, the first issue of Survey Research was published. This newsletter, which is still the major information source for academic and nonprofit survey organizations, is published several times a year and has a worldwide distribution. From 1971 to 1993, it was compiled and edited by Mary Spaeth. The impetus for publishing the newsletter came from two directions. Ferber was seeking a way of informing the faculty and staff of the University of Illinois about SRL activities and hit upon the idea of a newsletter. The first four pages of the first newsletter were devoted solely to SRL. In discussing the idea of a newsletter with other survey organizations, however, Ferber received The first issue of Survey Research

14 Forty-Year History of the Survey Research Laboratory Chapter 4 The Growth of SRL

BUDGET departure of Mathew Hauck, who had been the SRL field director since the organization’s The 1970s witnessed a significant growth in the inception. Hauck was replaced by coheads— volume of SRL activities and an accompanying Michael Cox in Chicago and Jutta Sebestik increase in staff. At the end of the decade, some Thornberry in Urbana. There was some organizational and financial problems occurred that specialization in this period, with face-to-face came along with this growth. interviewing mainly the responsibility of Cox and telephone interviewing under Thornberry’s By 1972, SRL’s staff in full-time equivalents direction, but the key distinction was geographic. consisted of 58 people: 35.5 in Urbana and 22.5 in At the end of the decade, Cox moved to Urbana as Chicago. The active interviewing staff numbered a project coordinator, and Wendy Kreitman, a about 250 people. The budget for 1972–73 reached former project manager at NORC, became chief of $620,000, a new high at that time. Chicago’s field operations. Both the staff and budget grew sharply in the A major shift had occurred in the methods that years that followed. By 1979, SRL’s budget was SRL used to collect data, with most work now $1,528,000, and in 1980, it reached $2,060,000. being done on the telephone. Phone coverage in Project funds accounted for about 80% of this Illinois and in the United States rose above 90%, budget, with the rest coming from state funds. One and the cost savings of using telephone methods of the major reasons for this growth was the were substantial. While many commercial market increasing volume of health-related research researchers already were using telephone methods, generated by SRL’s Chicago office. A significant SRL was one of the earliest heavy users of phone factor in this increase was the January 1974 procedures among nonprofit survey organizations, addition of Richard Warnecke as deputy director and its procedures were used as a model by and head of the Chicago office. Warnecke, who organizations who began phone interviewing later. came from the State University of New York at Buffalo to the University of Illinois with tenure, In parallel moves, Sudman stepped down as was already a well-established medical sociologist chief of the sampling section, and Johnny Blair and with special interests in social epidemiology and Ronald Czaja, who had been in the sampling offices medical technology diffusion. of Urbana and Chicago, respectively, were appointed coheads. For data analysis, Dorothy Nemanich, who had headed the data reduction ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGES section, was named cohead in Urbana, and Robert Cabral, a newly appointed sociologist, was named The growth in volume in both offices, but as cohead in Chicago. Later Cabral was replaced by especially in Chicago, led to the development of Andrew Montgomery. parallel facilities at both locations. One reason for There were two other staff changes at the end the development of parallel staffs was the 1975 of the seventies. Margaret (Pegi) Greene, who had

1964–2004 15 been with SRL for 14 years in increasingly As SRL grew, additional internal committees responsible positions, resigned her position as with elected and appointed members on both manager of survey operations in Urbana to join her campuses were organized to advise the Director on husband in St. Louis. Her position was filled by administrative, personnel, and policy issues. An Linda Lannom. Roland Liebert, who had been the annual interoffice meeting was begun in 1977, at program director for sociology at NSF, was which almost all staff members from Chicago and appointed associate director of the Urbana office. Urbana met for workshops and seminars and to In October 1978, the growth in projects and discuss mutual problems. staff, as well as the Graduate School of Library Science’s need for space in David Kinley Hall, resulted in a move of SRL in Urbana to two MAJOR PROJECTS buildings at 1005 and 1007 West Nevada, about two blocks east of the main quadrangle. The As SRL matured, the projects blended into advantage of the move was that sufficient space research program areas. The major substantive was available and the location was convenient to programs involved health, economics, education, campus users. The buildings, which were the status of women, immigration, agriculture, and converted houses, remained a bit shabby even after recreation. There also were numerous studies done substantial remodeling and were not ideally suited for public policy purposes, including studies of for the moving of survey materials such as military housing needs and noise pollution questionnaires between sections. Thousands of conducted for the U.S. Army Construction questionnaires had to be carried without an Engineering Research Laboratory, flooding, school elevator to the third floor for packaging and then desegregation, privacy, the Social Security claims back to the first floor for mailing. Ultimately, process, and the housing and transportation needs however, the staff found the facilities cozy. of the disabled. The extensive program of methodological research continued to flourish with During this period, SRL continued to report to large projects related to the collection of health and the Vice President for Academic Affairs at the economic data. university level. This position was held successively by four administrators: Lyle Lanier, whose term ended in 1972, Barry Munitz from 1972 Health Studies to 1976, Eldon Johnson from 1976 to 1977, and Peter Yankwich from 1977 to 1982. Ferber had Cancer information studies were a continuing cordial relations with all of them but was closest to part of SRL’s health research activities during the Lanier, who had helped found SRL. Each new vice 1970s. These studies were directed by Richard president found SRL an unusual university Warnecke, who also had an affiliation with the organization, and a significant effort was required Illinois Cancer Council; they were funded by the by all parties before the vice presidents could National Cancer Institute (NCI). The purpose of understand SRL’s complex budgeting processes. these studies was first to determine the current After some initial uncertainties, however, all gave knowledge, beliefs, and behavior related to early strong support to SRL’s continuing activities. detection and prevention of cancer of hard-to- reach populations. After this, a panel of The SRL Executive Committee continued to respondents was given a series of communications serve the important function of providing for a related to cancer prevention, and changes were two-way flow of information between SRL and the measured. The first study was of 1,600 Illinois campuses but relinquished responsibility for residents over the age of 35, half urban and half approval of SRL projects. This responsibility was rural, with incomes that put them in the lowest given to an internal Project Review Committee, third of the population. They were contacted by consisting of staff members on both campuses. The telephone and covered for a five-year period from reality was that during this period, no projects 1977 to 1982. from within the university or from state agencies were refused. The only projects that were turned The other very large cancer study was down were commercial projects, and these conducted for the National Center for Health primarily because clients demanded a level of Statistics between 1979 and 1981 and concerned the proprietary ownership of data prohibited by use of network sampling procedures to identify university statutes. cancer patients. It thus combined methodological

16 Forty-Year History of the Survey Research Laboratory and substantive issues. Warnecke was the principal University of Illinois; and a telephone survey of investigator, with Paul Levy of the Department of residents of Champaign and Ford Counties in Biostatistics in the School of Public Health, Illinois to measure the incidence and prevalence of Seymour Sudman, and Ronald Czaja as co- mental health problems and what care was sought. investigators responsible for the methodological experiments. Network sampling involves the use of Economics close relatives as informants on rare populations, such as cancer victims. Although its use reduces The economic survey program continued to be sampling variances, the key questions relate to the headed by Robert Ferber, but he was helped ability of network informants to provide data of substantially by the addition of Barry Chiswick, a sufficient accuracy. The study results indicated that well-known economist who came to SRL and the close relatives outside a household were only Economics Department in Chicago in 1978 from the slightly less accurate than those in the household, Hoover Institution at Stanford. and thus the method was feasible. In addition to the panels of young married Another feature of this study was the seeding couples that continued throughout this period and of known cancer patients taken from cancer were Ferber’s major project, Ferber also was registries into a general population sample so that a involved in analyzing data and preparing reports records validation was possible. The use of such on income distribution in Latin America for the procedures raises difficult problems of Estudios Conjuntos Sobre Integración Ecónomica confidentiality, but these were solved by having Latinoamericana (Economic Development in Latin the sampling conducted by the person responsible America) program and in developing approaches for the cancer registry so that no one at SRL was for more valid measurement of financial assets for ever aware of the identity of the cancer patients. the Office of Survey Development of the Among other health studies was one of the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. African-American population of Chicago The latter work became part of the development of concerning sickle cell disease conducted in 1975 for the Surveys of Income and Program Participation Dr. I. D. Rotkin of the Sickle Cell Center. Personal (SIPP) program now conducted by the Bureau of interviews were conducted with three samples: the Census. At various times, SRL prepared reports 1,200 general household members, 223 community on pension equity, savings accounts, stocks and leaders, and 123 members of households in which bonds, farmlands, and business assets. Alternative one member had sickle cell disease. question forms for obtaining data on life insurance Still other health projects involved the study of and durable goods were tested in the Chicago compliance and noncompliance with treatments for SMSA, as were alternative methods of imputation hypertension, conducted for Jeffrey Salloway, at of missing data. the time an Urbana-Champaign medical sociologist; Chiswick’s special interest was the economic a study of kidney dialysis users conducted for the aspects of immigration. In a series of studies Kidney Foundation of Illinois; a statewide study of funded by the U.S. Department of Labor, he public knowledge of, attitudes toward, and use of analyzed the earnings, employment, and labor emergency medical services conducted for the force participation of the foreign born and their School of Medicine, Southern Illinois University at native-born children and estimated the impact of Carbondale, in conjunction with the Illinois immigrants on the aggregate national income and Department of Public Health; a study of holistic on the distribution of income. The studies during health center patients in Hinsdale and Woodridge, this period involved secondary analysis of U.S. Illinois; a telephone survey of rural Champaign census and other data sets. Later, Chiswick also County residents to determine their health needs; a became a data collector in a study for the face-to-face interview study to determine whether Department of Labor in which employers were there had been any effects on the health of persons interviewed regarding hiring practices, particularly living adjacent to a sewage treatment plant in a those involving undocumented aliens. northern Chicago suburb; a mail and personal interview survey of residents in rural Illinois and Agriculture & Rural Development other nearby states to study health utilization patterns and perceived need conducted for Because of its location and the presence of the Frederick Kviz of the College of Nursing of the large College of Agriculture on its campus, the

1964–2004 17 Urbana office of SRL has been heavily involved in project on interactions between married couples, studies of farmers and rural populations and of had SRL conduct 470 telephone interviews with users of their products. During the seventies, there wives of intact married couples to study were about a dozen studies on a variety of topics, satisfactions and dissatisfactions in their marriages. including rural planning; uses of fertilizer and pesticides and the danger to public health caused Education by chemicals (there were several studies of this issue); the production and disposition of wood SRL was involved in more than twenty residues by wood-using manufacturers; farmers’ education studies during the ‘70s at all levels from attitudes on conservation and pollution; farmers’ elementary school through graduate education, use of energy during the energy crisis; farmers’ with significant attention also put on vocational planting expectations and future plans; and a study and adult education. Samples consisted of students, of reasons people move from urban to rural areas, parents, alumni, dropouts, teachers, reversing the usual flow. administrators, and potential employers. Several studies dealing with issues of school desegregation Recreation Studies for local communities had significant policy impacts. Joe Spaeth continued his studies, based on There were several recreation studies dealing analysis of NORC data, of the career attainment with leisure activities both within and outside of process of college graduates with grants from the Illinois. These included studies of waterfowl American College Testing Program and the hunters and the general public on bird National Institute of Education. conservation, a survey of horse owners and breeders, and eight mail studies of wilderness Other Social Science Research users of the Boundary Waters Canoe Area in Minnesota and the John Muir Wilderness Area in During this period, there were continuing California, as well as local studies of the use of sociology practicums at both campuses with recreational facilities in Oak Park, in Champaign different topics each year, which are discussed in a County, and at UIUC. later section. In addition, there were other projects of social science interest, such as a study for The Status of Women Professor Bok-Lim Kim of the School of Social Work in Urbana-Champaign, who studied the Major studies related to the status of women social service needs of Japanese, Chinese, Korean, were conducted for Helena Lopata of Loyola and Filipino groups in Chicago. Finding University in Chicago and for Joan Huber, interviewers who could speak the native languages Marianne Ferber, Bonny Birnbaum, and John proved to be challenging but possible. Gottman in Urbana-Champaign. The first of the Another study, conducted for Professor Marcus two studies for Lopata involved a sample of 1,170 Felson of the Urbana-Champaign Department of widows in the Chicago area to determine their Sociology, looked at the relation between lifestyle sources of financial and social support. The second and criminal victimization. A study for the Center involved a sample of 1,000 Chicago-area women to for Urban Affairs, Northwestern University, determine their changing commitments to work examined Chicago-area residents’ opinions about and family roles. crime and the safety of their neighborhoods. Huber studied male and female attitudes Studies for Professors Stephen Golant, Department toward sex roles, comparing responses of husbands of Geography, and John E. Poulin, School of Social and wives in households with married couples. The Service Administration of the University of study was funded by NSF, and data collection was Chicago, explored the needs and problems of conducted by telephone with a national sample of persons over age 60 and their social networks. 2,000 adults under age 65. Professors James Kluegel and Eliot Smith of the Ferber and Birnbaum studied women’s career sociology departments of the University of Illinois patterns at the University of Illinois, obtaining at Urbana-Champaign and the University of work histories from a sample of 500 clerical California at Riverside, respectively, had SRL employees. John Gottman, as part of a larger conduct a large national telephone survey of 1,500

18 Forty-Year History of the Survey Research Laboratory households with oversamples of 300 high-income ended in 1974. Topics included the political respondents and 400 African Americans to study socialization of children, conspicuous consumption attitudes toward social stratification. The study and consumption of energy-related goods and asked respondents about their perceptions of social services, the use of halfway houses for drug inequality, social mobility, and various plans for offenders, firearms ownership, child rearing as reducing social inequality. The project was funded related to housing, and sex role attitudes. This last by NSF and the National Institute of Mental practicum led to the Huber study described under Health. “The Status of Women,” above.

Methodological Research ADVISING, WORKSHOPS, & INTERNSHIPS In addition to the health and economic studies already mentioned, SRL, primarily under Sudman’s During the seventies, advising activities direction, continued an extensive program of reached a peak that was not matched later because methodological research funded by the National of resource constraints. In 1972, almost 900 people Center for Health Services Research and NSF. received advice from SRL: about 600 in Urbana and After completing work on expenditure diaries, 300 in Chicago. During the remainder of the Sudman and Ferber investigated the use of diaries decade, this dropped gradually to an annual for collecting health data. Alternative diary advising load of between 500 and 600 persons. methods were tested, and results were compared SRL workshops continued to be popular, with those from periodic telephone interviews. An although workshops on data analysis gradually interesting feature of this study was the sampling switched from SRL to the Computer Services Office of members of one of the earliest HMOs, the (CSO). Earlier, SRL had been the chief supporter of Marshfield (Wisconsin) Clinic. This allowed the social science data packages such as SPSS, while data collected to be checked against the clinic’s CSO put its main efforts into an in-house computer records. program (SOUPAC) that was very powerful but With his colleague Norman Bradburn at NORC, difficult for inexperienced users to understand. As Sudman studied the effects of methods of the use of nationally available data packages administration on responses to threatening became widespread at most American universities, questions. Again, special samples were mixed with CSO shifted significant resources into support of a general population sample so that records checks these packages, and SRL focused its workshops on were possible on such sensitive topics as voting, data collection. It also should be noted that CSO declaring bankruptcy, and being arrested for was used more often than previously for advice on drunken driving. data packages, reducing (but by no means eliminating) the demand for such advice from SRL. As an interesting postscript to earlier SRL methodological research, Robert Pearl, who had In the period from 1973 to 1976, SRL held about been a client when Assistant Commissioner of Data a dozen workshops annually (on both campuses Collection and Survey Operations for BLS, became combined) that each attracted an average of 50 an SRL researcher upon retirement from the Office participants. The cost of the workshops and of Management and Budget in 1974 and prepared a materials became significant, and in the later years detailed evaluation of the results of the 1972–73 of the decade, a small fee was charged for Consumer Expenditure Survey that had been registration. By 1980, four workshops were being conducted by the Bureau of the Census using given annually. methods tested at SRL. He continued to work on A small but intense internship program for SRL projects into the eighties and often was students obtaining an M.B.A. or M.S. in social referred to as SRL’s “Washington Office.” science was begun in the seventies. Students received course credit for working at SRL. In the Sociology Practicums typical program, students would be rotated between sections to get a broad range of The sociology practicums were conducted with experience, although the actual work depended on SRL support in Urbana-Champaign from 1971 to the projects that were ongoing during the 1984. In Chicago, SRL participation in practicums semester. At the end, the interns wrote a paper

1964–2004 19 describing and evaluating the experience they received. Only one or two interns were enrolled at any one time. These interns were readily placed in research jobs when they graduated.

SURVEY RESEARCH NEWSLETTER

The readership of Survey Research almost doubled from about 2,400 in 1972 to 4,400 in 1980. About 1,000 names on the mailing list were of faculty and staff of the University of Illinois. There was no doubt that Survey Research continued to be SRL’s most effective method of communicating with both the university and the survey research community, as well as providing vital communications links among survey organizations.

DATA ARCHIVE

The Social Science Data Archive at SRL flourished during the early seventies under the direction of Secil Tuncalp. A catalog of its holdings, Data Tapes and Reels, a publication of SRL’s Data Archive published in 1976, listed 115 SRL studies, 11 studies from other organizations, and the available data from the 1970 U.S. census. The other archive at Urbana was the Social Science Quantitative various categories. This billing rate included time Laboratory, which was established in 1974 and that staff spent in proposal preparation and held political and poll data from ICPSR. As the professional activities that was not covered by decade drew to a close, SRL stopped archiving state funds. Using this method, SRL had been able outside studies, and the archive became the SRL to balance its budget. Data Archive. The archive would close in 1982, however, with the departure of the archivist and The federal auditor insisted and the university the lack of funds to maintain it. financial officers agreed that SRL could only bill on time that staff spent directly on a project and that other activities would need to be covered from overhead and from state funds. SRL made the FINANCIAL PROBLEMS change and soon found itself significantly in the red. No new state funds were forthcoming, and A reading of the history of SRL so far in this the overhead was insufficient to cover the existing chapter or looking at annual reports through 1978 staff. would have given one a sense of growth and optimism, but financial difficulties became serious In retrospect, it is evident that neither SRL nor at the end of the decade. There were multiple the university fully realized the consequences of reasons for these financial problems. Most the change in billing. The rapid growth of projects important from the perspective of SRL’s financial led to an overly optimistic forecast of what staff was the change in billing methods that overhead return could be expected. Also, SRL had occurred. to share the overhead recovered with other university and campus units, and the share of The change resulted from an objection by a overhead recovered by SRL was insufficient. Of federal auditor to SRL’s methods of charging on course, one thing that could have been done was to federal grants and contracts. To that point in time, cut staff, but this was not seriously considered in a SRL had used an average billing rate for staff in

20 Forty-Year History of the Survey Research Laboratory time of rapid growth, although staff reduction was contracts and by putting aside reserve funds from to become a major necessity in the eighties. busy periods to cover slower times. The An aggravating factor during this time was the university’s fiscal and personnel regulations made difficulty in obtaining accurate and current cost both of these solutions difficult. Staff terminations data. It was evident that the university accounting required very substantial notification periods, and system was unable to provide the type of it was difficult to keep any reserve funds. At the information SRL required to control project costs. least, it was certainly the case that being a part of A new internal cost control system was needed, the University of Illinois made fiscal control more but developing such a system was itself costly. The difficult than it would have been in other settings. new system, once initiated, was never completely trouble free, and year-end reconciliation with the university accounting system was always a THE END OF AN ERA problem. The end of the Ferber era of SRL came with Another onetime cost resulted from SRL’s shocking suddenness on September 8, 1981, when move in Urbana in 1978. Significant moving and Robert Ferber died of complications resulting from renovation costs were required that had not been surgery performed a few weeks earlier. Until late anticipated. A third factor that was later to become in the summer, Ferber had appeared to be in even more of a drain on resources was the decision excellent health and was fully involved in SRL and to purchase two PDP 11/70 computers, one for his many other professional activities. Even after a each campus office. This decision was made based routine checkup disclosed a tumor, there was every on forecasts of full utilization of the equipment, but expectation that it had been found in time and that this utilization never materialized. In the early after surgery, he would return to all his activities. days, the cost of installing the equipment and He continued to work on SRL matters in his getting software to operate was substantial. hospital room until the very end. An outsider might wonder if the cost problems Richard Warnecke, deputy director, was named faced by SRL were really caused by the system or acting director and ultimately the new director of were the results of poor management. For SRL, and Chapter 6 describes SRL activities and comparison, it might be noted that other survey accomplishments during his tenure as Director. organizations, both nonprofit and profit, also have Because Bob Ferber was such an important part of had difficulty in controlling costs. A major problem SRL, the next chapter of this history is devoted to a always has been the highly variable workload, brief biography of Ferber and his professional and which makes it very difficult to staff at an optimum university contributions in addition to those he level. made to SRL. Most survey organizations have handled this difficulty by placing staff members on short-term

1964–2004 21 22 Forty-Year History of the Survey Research Laboratory Chapter 5 Robert Ferber

Every organization owes a special debt of go to the University of Chicago, which had one of gratitude to its founder, who not only gives it birth the most highly regarded programs. It was also a but shapes its growth. Founders of all successful chance to get away from New York, which was not organizations, and certainly of survey his favorite place. organizations, all share certain traits in common: While working on his M.A. degree, he held intense energy, the drive to succeed, and the ability down several jobs that used his mathematical skills to lead and persuade. Every leader has special and gave him important statistical experience. One traits also. Robert Ferber had all the common was as a research assistant at the prestigious leadership traits. His special traits were his very Cowles Commission for Research in Economics, strong sense of humor and his pleasure in acting as then housed at the University of Chicago. The a mentor for hundreds of graduate students and other was as the part-time chief statistician of the colleagues around the world. Industrial Surveys Company, which was later to Ferber was born of immigrant parents in New become the Market Research Corporation of York City in 1922, went through the New York America. There he was exposed to market research public schools, including the methodology, diary Bronx Science High School, methods, and the uses of and then to that great consumer expenditure data, resource for poor but bright all topics that were to be students, the City College of major research interests of New York, where he his later in his career. received his B.S. degree in During this period, mathematics in 1942. Even Ferber met Marianne Abeles, then he was discovering a a fellow economics student strong interest in and at Chicago. They were aptitude for statistics. married in 1946 and had a Ferber was not drafted long and fulfilling marriage. during World War II because The Ferbers had two of his stuttering and so children, Don and Ellen, of decided to continue whom they were intensely graduate work. He selected proud. economics because it used After completing his the mathematical and course work and receiving statistical skills he had begun his M.A. but not finishing to develop. At that point, the requirements for a Ph.D., Ferber made the decision to he returned to New York Robert Ferber

1964–2004 23 City to work as an economist and statistician for de and making it a functioning organization did not Vegh and Company, a Wall Street consulting firm. reduce his other writing and professional activities. While in New York, he took courses in Thus, while he was founding SRL, he also became mathematical statistics at Columbia University and the founding editor of a new journal for the began his first book, Statistical Techniques in American Marketing Association, the Journal of Marketing Research. This book, published in 1949, Marketing Research. In his five years as editor, he summarized major statistical advances that had made the Journal of Marketing Research an intellectual occurred during World War II, including and financial success that equaled or surpassed the probability sampling and sequential analysis, and Journal of Marketing. was received enthusiastically by both statisticians Having discovered a real talent and pleasure in and market researchers. It gave Ferber a national editing, Ferber was named applications editor of reputation. the Journal of the American Statistical Association in By 1948, Ferber, who had moved back to New 1968, and in 1969 became coordinating editor as York to be near his parents, made the firm decision well, posts that he held until 1976. In 1977, when he that he didn’t wish to stay in the New York area. ended his term as editor of the Journal of the He learned of an opening at the University of American Statistical Association, he became the editor Illinois Bureau of Economic and Business Research, of the Journal of Consumer Research, which he had and he came to Urbana-Champaign as a research been instrumental in founding, and was still editor assistant professor of economics. at the time of his death. As far as we know, no Ferber retained his appointment at the Bureau other editor has ever had the breadth of experience for 33 years until his death. It was an ideal fit. and judgment to edit three major research journals Bureaus of business research, which were then in three distinct disciplines. found at most major state universities, conducted During the 1960s and 1970s, while he was economic and marketing research projects for a running SRL and always editing a major journal, wide range of clients, both profit and nonprofit. Ferber also found time to write or edit 12 new Ferber’s collection of economic, statistical, and books (many with colleagues), more than 20 each of marketing research skills were exactly what such a monographs and chapters in books, and some 45 bureau needed. The position gave him the chance articles, as well as book reviews and conference to do exactly the kinds of research he enjoyed. papers. When Ferber completed his dissertation, A It is difficult to summarize this prodigious Study of Aggregate Consumption Functions, in 1951, he output briefly, but one can detect several major was made an associate professor and given tenure. threads in Ferber’s research. One involved He now considered himself to be both an understanding consumer savings and expenditure economist and a marketing scholar. During the next behavior. His panel of young households, decade at the Bureau, he wrote or edited with supported by NSF and other funds, was followed colleagues 4 marketing and marketing research over the years to see how husbands and wives books, 6 monographs, 4 book chapters, and more made major buying plans. A second stream than 25 articles. He also became an associate editor involved a wide range of methodological studies of the Journal of Marketing and later of the Journal of for measuring and reducing survey error, primarily the American Statistical Association. on expenditures and investments. Near the end of In 1955, he was named a full professor in the his life, he had been studying methods for Bureau and in the Departments of Economics and improving reporting of life insurance and other net Marketing. By this time, he already had achieved worth components. There was a third thread national prominence in statistics, marketing, and involving a continuous interest in the operation and economics. He also was recognized on campus as a analysis of data from household consumer panels. vigorous and effective researcher and had a wide His last work was on social experimentation and network of campus friends. economic policy. Ferber’s role in the formation of SRL has been One might well wonder how he found the time discussed in Chapter 1. It should be pointed out, to do everything he did. One strategy he used was however, that the energy he put into starting SRL to disappear for two hours each day to a carrel in

24 Forty-Year History of the Survey Research Laboratory the main University Library stacks, where he could Probably the work that he found most not be found or interrupted. He always worked a interesting was his consulting through the full six-day week, but on Sundays he gardened. He Brookings Institution for the consortium of Latin swam daily during the lunch hour, using this time American governments and banks that collect data not only to strengthen his muscles, which had been on consumer savings and expenditures. He made weakened by polio, but also to discuss university many trips to Latin America and had a great business with his fellow swimmers. appreciation for its language and culture. He used every opportunity to write or edit. At Although Ferber did no classroom teaching, he a party, he might disappear for a time to work on a served on dissertation committees and acted as manuscript. He spent considerable time traveling mentor for hundreds of graduate students and by train between Urbana and Chicago on SRL colleagues in a broad range of disciplines. Given his business and always considered this prime editing other responsibilities, students especially were and working time. always amazed that he would not only agree to No discussion of Bob Ferber’s professional life review their work, but would return it with could omit his many services to professional extensive, useful comments, usually within 48 societies. His cool, good judgment and wit made hours. him a valuable member of any board on which he Bob Ferber was honored in his lifetime with sat. He was elected president of the American many prizes and awards, including the Charles Marketing Association in 1969–70 and served for Coolidge Parlin Award for service to the field of six years as one of its representatives to the Census marketing and the Hall of Fame in Distribution Advisory Committee. He was chair of the Award. After his sudden death in September 1981, publications committees of both the American his memory was honored at the University of Statistical Association and the American Economic Illinois with the Ferber Award, an annual Association. He served on the advisory committee dissertation award to an outstanding social science of his friend George Katona’s Economic Behavior graduate student; an annual Ferber Lecture given Program at the Survey Research Center, University by an outstanding survey statistician; and in the of Michigan. continuing operation of SRL, which he created and led.

1964–2004 25 26 Forty-Year History of the Survey Research Laboratory Chapter 6 The Warnecke Era

Two main themes emerged during Richard throughout the 1980s and led to a painful period of Warnecke’s tenure as SRL Director. The quality and staff reduction and service consolidation. Through magnitude of research and service continued, and the tireless efforts of many on the staff, SRL SRL remained highly productive and highly emerged stronger financially and more efficient regarded. Financially, however, SRL struggled. organizationally, and still retained its reputation as During the early years of his term as Director, which a highly regarded, methodologically innovative coincided with the beginning of the Reagan years survey research center. when social research was out of favor, Warnecke faced a large deficit. The deficit continued UNIVERSITY RESTRUCTURING IN CHICAGO

In 1982, the Medical Center and the University of Illinois at Chicago Circle were consolidated under a single Chancellor to form the University of Illinois at Chicago.

FINANCES

SRL’s budget was $1,920,000 during Warnecke’s first year as Director in FY 1982 and $1,650,970 during his final year, in FY 1996. The total annual budgets of SRL varied considerably between the 1982 and 1989 fiscal years but averaged about $2 million. The budgets varied from about $1.2 million in 1983–84 to $2.5 million in 1986–87. These very large swings were caused by our inability to predict the flow of project funds and work and the heavy reliance on state funds, which had to be spent in the fiscal year in which they are awarded. Thus, we were frequently faced with the undesirable alternatives of losing the funds or spending them based on incomplete knowledge. Finally, in FY 1991, SRL underwent a major reorganization mandated by the Office of the Vice President for Academic Affairs at the university. As part of the reorganization, the State funds allocated to SRL were reduced considerably, but the university and campus administrators agreed to Richard Warnecke increase the share of indirect costs awarded on 1964–2004 27 most grants and contracts that were retained by provided staff with continuing information on the SRL. This change in funding source increased our financial status of SRL as a whole and of their flexibility and allowed more effective management individual project accounts. The system also ensured of unallocated funds that could pay for the costs of that costs were recovered appropriately and that fiscal management and technological innovations. funds were set aside to cover various expenses such Since then, this funding has been used to support as staff vacation, sick leave, professional time, the grants management and accounting functions of routine telephone and photocopying charges, staff SRL and other costs associated with developing travel to professional meetings, and the replacement proposals and maintaining key technical expertise. and maintenance of computer equipment and In addition, the administration applied the software. These are all indirect costs of hiring and unallocated portion of the State budget against the maintaining a professional staff and were no longer accumulated SRL deficit, which at that time was charged to individual projects. Calkins also than $1 million. This re-allocation repaid the deficit convinced federal auditors that it was appropriate within three years, leaving SRL debt-free for the to include management costs as part of an average first time in a decade. rate that was thereafter used to bill all staff time at SRL. Based on these changes, SRL has been able to successfully recover all of the actual costs of doing STAFFING & REORGANIZATION business. When Calkins retired in 1994, her assistant SRL’s financial recovery necessitated many Marguerite Harris was promoted to Assistant organizational and staffing changes. Continuing and Director. painful staff reductions reduced staff from 96 in July 1981 to half that by 1984. In part, the staff Eventually, all SRL operations were reductions shifted several affiliated faculty from consolidated. Each office had developed separate SRL to their home departments. However, Field and Data Reduction sections. As the terminations and resignations due to the fiscal technology of surveys changed, these two functions uncertainty of the Lab resulted in many lay-offs and were consolidated in the format of computer- most of the reduction. assisted telephone interviewing. Ultimately, retaining duplicate functions at each office proved During this period, Warnecke’s major problem to be too costly and unmanageable. In 1982–83, the was the lack of a clear sense of where SRL stood decision was made to consolidate the sections under financially. Getting this information required the a single head. At the time of the consolidation, Jutta development of new financial management Sebestik Thornberry was made chief of Field software. One move to conserve funding was a Operations, a position she relinquished in 1985, consolidation of all business operations in Chicago when she resigned to join the Research Triangle under the capable leadership of Sharon Calkins, Institute. With her resignation, it was decided to who was then the manager of operations for the move the field section to Chicago, and in 1987, Chicago office. The position was upgraded in 1986 Thais Seldess, who had been with Market Facts, to Assistant became chief of this section. When she resigned in Director and 1990, the position was taken by Karen Corrigan, to Associate who had been an SRL employee since 1983. Director in Corrigan left SRL in 1995 and was replaced by long- 1991. Calkins time SRL employee Vince Parker. held this position until Sampling remained in Urbana and was headed her retirement by Johnny Blair, who also became manager of the in June 1994. Urbana office in 1984. He held both positions until his departure in 1989. When the former Sampling Calkins cohead in Chicago Cathy Keeley left to join the U.S. developed a Bureau of the Census, that position was abolished. financial When Blair resigned, Kevin Wiberg directed management Sampling for about a year. When Wiberg resigned, system and his assistant Ananda Mitra oversaw sampling until introduced his acceptance of a faculty position at Wake Forest accounting University in 1994. At that time, Ann Hatalsky, from methods that Lexington, KY, joined SRL as head of Sampling. Richard Warnecke, Seymour Sudman, & Sharon Calkins 28 Forty-Year History of the Survey Research Laboratory Andrew Montgomery was appointed chief of a were Elizabeth Eastman, Francis Fullam, Andrew newly reorganized Data Management section. Montgomery, Katherine Mallin, and John Vidmar. Montgomery left in 1985 to join the University of Of this group, only O’Rourke remained with SRL Illinois College of Nursing and then returned in into the 1990s. Other SRL project coordinators from 1993 as a senior project coordinator. Following 1990–1996 were Tobey Fumento, Chris Horak, Karol Montgomery, Jeffrey Francik, who was a Lister, and Ray Oldakowski in Urbana and Karen coordinator in the Data Management Section, took Burke, Gloria Chapa-Resendez, Karen Corrigan, over as acting chief. In 1988, Richard Newel became Victoria Gwiasda, Lynn Hamilton, Timothy chief of Data Management. When Newell left in Johnson, Ward Kay, Katherine Lind, Cynthia Peters, 1991 he was replaced by Francik as DR Chief. Betty Simon, and Barbara Zusman in Chicago. Francik left SRL to join the Metropolitan Chicago The 1990s saw other staff changes as well. Ron Information Center (MCIC). At that time, DR was Czaja left in 1990, and in 1991, Tim Johnson was placed under the supervision of the Office of promoted to Assistant Director to replace him. Computer Services (OCS), an arrangement that Mary Spaeth retired in 1992 and Joe Spaeth in 1993. proved unworkable. Subsequently, Timothy Dollear Mary Spaeth’s duties were assumed by Marya Ryan, was hired to oversee DR in 1995. He left in 1997 and who joined SRL in March 1992. was replaced, briefly, by Stephanie Goldman. In late 1997, Jeffrey Francik returned to SRL and remained Certainly, the ‘80s were not a growth period or until August 1998. even a very stable time for SRL or its staff. As SRL entered the 1990s, it had a considerably smaller During the ‘86–’87 fiscal year, SRL reorganized staff than in the past. On a more upbeat note, it its computer facilities and established the Office of might be observed that SRL staff members who left, Computer Services (OCS). OCS was first headed by whether or not because of the cutbacks, were Norman Montgomery, who joined SRL in almost always snapped up by other survey November 1985. Montgomery led the team that first organizations. The total field of survey research installed and upgraded modern computer continues to expand, and the training and equipment and software at SRL, and he was the experience received at SRL is well regarded lead programmer for the development of the SRL elsewhere. Also, the budget stabilized in the early cost control system. In 1993, he left to join the 1990s because of a new arrangement under which telecommunications division of the UIC Academic funds could be carried over from year to year. This Computing and Communications Center. With his arrangement came as a trade-off for reductions in departure, Martin Glusberg was appointed head of state funds that was negotiated by Dick Warnecke. OCS. Additional OCS staff who joined SRL during Warnecke’s tenure as SRL director included Ilker Erdogmus and Olga Figman. OFFICES For a time, a manager headed each office. In Urbana, the managers during the decade were first In 1991, SRL’s Urbana office moved to a new Linda Lannom and, from 1984 to 1989, Johnny Blair. address at 909 West Oregon Street, one block north In Chicago, Sharon Calkins was manager of Survey of its previous location. A focus group facility was Operations until her promotion, when she was built into the new office. Overall, however, this replaced by Diane Binson. Binson left in 1988 and address afforded SRL with less space than it had was replaced in 1989 by Gail Pyndus. When Blair previously enjoyed at 1005 West Nevada Street. left SRL late in 1989 to join the University of In Chicago, SRL moved from its space in the Maryland Survey Research Center, Pyndus was Behavioral Science Building to Alumni Hall in 1981. assigned overall responsibility for all operations. In the middle of the decade, SRL moved again to After Pyndus left in 1991, and with SRL’s financial the Westgate Building at 910 West Van Buren reorganization that same year, which was Street. In FY 1993, the Chicago office underwent a accompanied by a decrease in staff size, there was major renovation as part of the installation of a local no longer a need for an Operations Manager on area computer network and a new CATI system. each campus. Walls were removed and rebuilt, and new wiring At the beginning of the decade, there were ten and telephones were installed. Office operations project coordinators who managed the individual were interrupted for several months, but SRL’s projects. In Urbana, these were Michael Cox, Field section, which had been centralized on the Matilda Frankel, Edward Lakner, Diane O’Rourke, Chicago campus in 1990, was fully computerized and Linda Lannom; in Chicago, the coordinators with new equipment, software and other resources when this work was completed. 1964–2004 29 PROJECTS developed by Charles Palit of the University of Wisconsin. The study of access to health care During the period from 1981 to 1989, the required complex screening of respondents, and number of new projects remained relatively Palit and his wife made several trips to Urbana to constant, averaging a little more than 30. In no year train the staff and work out glitches. The results of did the number drop below 20 or rise as high as 40. this study have been very widely publicized and The major swings in revenue experienced during have influenced policy decision processes, such as that period were not a function of the number of the discussion about access to health care among the projects, but rather of their size and timing. Not poor in Chicago and Cook County. In 1992, SRL surprisingly, the themes that had been established upgraded its CATI system and switched to the earlier continued to play an important role in SRL’s Computer-Assisted Survey Execution System research activities during the 1980s and into the (CASES) software maintained by the Computer- 1990s, when the number of new projects dropped to Assisted Survey Methods Program at the University about ten a year. of California, Berkeley. The NCI projects were introduced by Warnecke Health Studies and focused on evaluation of the impact of televised smoking cessation programs offered in the Chicago The national funding of health-related projects metropolitan area. The first study, in 1984–85, continued and actually grew during the ‘80s, while involved three waves of interviewing with other research areas were being cut back. Given approximately 1,100 persons who had registered for SRL’s interest and expertise in health studies, these the American Lung Association’s Freedom from became the major focus of its research. Several large Smoking in 20 Days program for comparison with studies started in the late ‘70s were completed other smokers who were not in this program but during this time. About half of all new projects were exposed to the televised quit-smoking during the 1980s were health related. intervention on WMAQ-Channel 5. The largest new studies were conducted for the That study was followed by a larger study in Robert Wood Johnson (RWJ) Foundation and NCI. 1986 that required screening of over 36,000 The RWJ national study of access to health care, households to identify 2,400 with cigarette smokers conducted in 1986–87 under Seymour Sudman’s and viewers of the WLS-Channel 7 evening news on direction in collaboration with Howard Freeman of television. Additional panels were selected whose the University of California at Los Angeles, was the total membership was more than 6,500 telephone largest study conducted to that time by SRL. The respondents and 300 face-to-face respondents living total completed sample was 10,130 cases. Since this in public housing. This project was reviewed by exceeded the resources of SRL’s combined NCI in 1988 and 1989 and again in 1992. Some of the interviewing staff in both Urbana and Chicago, resources from this project were used to enhance about half of the fieldwork was done at the SRL’s ability to develop and test questionnaires using University of Wisconsin’s Survey Research focus groups and cognitive laboratory methods. Laboratory in Madison. The studies were a large-scale effort under the The study also was noteworthy because the direction of Richard Warnecke with the complex interviews were conducted by computer- collaboration of Brian Flay, then at the University of assisted telephone interviewing (CATI) and because Southern California; Robin Mermelstein of Rush network sampling methods that had been tested in University (later of UIC); Leonard Jason of DePaul an earlier SRL cancer study were again used University; Clara Manfredi of the Illinois Cancer successfully to identify individuals with special Council; Thomas Cook of Northwestern University; medical needs. and Kathleen Crittenden, Charles Gruder, Frederick SRL had not been an early adopter of CATI Kviz, Loretta Lacey, and Patricia Langenberg of the methods, which turned out, in retrospect, to have University of Illinois at Chicago. been fortunate. By the time SRL decided to develop The collaboration was so successful that Flay its CATI facilities, the technology had shifted to came to the University of Illinois and founded the powerful but inexpensive personal computers Prevention Research Center. He was joined there by whose purchase did not require the significant Professors Mermelstein and Manfredi. Warnecke outlay of resources required by earlier computers. was especially proud of this collaborative effort The major decision of what CATI software to because he thought it typified the faculty linkage use was made in favor of a system called CASS, model for SRL that he was trying to achieve. The

30 Forty-Year History of the Survey Research Laboratory focus on tobacco cessation through NCI funding Joe Spaeth continued his research during the continued through 2001. decade on work stratification combining Several important studies explored methods for sociological and economic theory. This work, disseminating cancer care information to physicians. funded by NSF, involved interviewing employees Ron Czaja and Clara Manfredi collaborated in 1985 and supervisors up the hierarchical chain until the on a study measuring the effectiveness of a chief executive was reached. Spaeth collaborated in computerized database that contained information some of his work with Marianne Ferber in studies on the latest treatment methods and the names of of gender-related employment practices. In cancer researchers in a community. This small addition, Spaeth worked with David Knoke of the project led to a much larger study, the evaluation of University of Minnesota, Arne Kalleberg of the the Physician Data Query System. Warnecke, University of North Carolina, and Peter Marsden of Johnson, and Czaja also collaborated on a large and Harvard University on a three-year NSF-funded significant NCI-funded study started in 1987 in project called the National Organizations Study that collaboration with the University of North Carolina combined methodological and substantive issues to evaluate community-based cancer treatment related to the study of employers. centers throughout the U.S. This study, headed at SRL by Warnecke, included interviews with over Policy Research 6,000 physicians and case abstracts describing the treatment of 9,600 patients. During Warnecke’s tenure as director, SRL continued its commitment to policy research and Other significant cancer-related studies included conducted a large number of studies related to the studies of factors related to breast and cervical environment, community issues, and schools. cancer in women in the general population and later Several studies of parent satisfaction with school in African-American women, studies that were very systems, including the Chicago public schools, were successful although they required detailed reporting conducted. Studies of farm and rural practices to of sexual activity; patient compliance with referrals guide service providers continued to be conducted for cancer diagnosis; information-seeking behavior for the College of Agriculture. Studies were of cancer patients; and knowledge, beliefs, and conducted in 1985, 1987, and 1989 for the Illinois actions of African-American women related to cancer. Department of Conservation on the outdoor Late in the decade, SRL became involved with recreation activities of Illinois residents. several studies related to knowledge and beliefs about AIDS as a part of AIDS prevention programs Methodological Studies being conducted by the City of Chicago and State of Illinois for the CDC. Other significant health studies Methodological research continued to flourish at involved health care for women, provision of health SRL during the ‘80s and had a significant impact on and educational services for children in school many of the major substantive studies. Two major settings, and the need for assistance of elderly thrusts guided SRL’s methodological studies. One patients discharged from hospitals. related to the sampling of rare and unusual populations and involved the use of network Economics methods. The other involved efforts to understand survey responses using insights from cognitive Ferber’s death reduced the level of SRL’s psychology. activities in the arena of economics, but work The network research was headed by Sudman, continued, especially on the series of economic who worked with Johnny Blair, Ron Czaja, and studies of legal and illegal immigrants and of their Charles Cowan, who was then at the U.S. Bureau of employers conducted by Barry Chiswick, who the Census. In a study funded by NSF, Sudman and continued to be the nation’s leading authority on his colleagues compared alternative procedures of this topic. measuring the size of social networks in work, Another major project was conducted by Robert church, and social settings. A follow-up NSF grant Pearl for the Internal Revenue Service. This project allowed this research to continue with measurement used diary data and interviews to measure tipping of social networks of friends and relatives. The behavior of restaurant patrons. The results were ideas developed here were applied in the National used to establish new tax withholding procedures Access to Health Study and Spaeth’s study of work for food servers. stratification described above, as well as to studies funded by the Office of Juvenile Justice and

1964–2004 31 Delinquency Prevention to estimate the incidence of residents of varying socioeconomic statuses and missing children and by the National Institute of racial/ethnic backgrounds. This study initiated a Justice to measure crime victimization. research program in cross-cultural survey Efforts in the cognitive area were shared by a methodology that continues at SRL today. number of researchers and visitors to SRL, Another cognitive study, this one led by Carol including Norbert Schwarz from the Zentrum für Ferrans from the UIC College of Nursing, came to Umfragen, Methoden und Analysen (ZUMA, the SRL during this period. It focused on quality of life, German academic survey organization where and a team of researchers from SRL, led by Sudman spent a sabbatical in 1984 and began work Warnecke and including Johnson, O’Rourke, and with Schwarz) and Robert Wyer, a noted cognitive Gloria Chapa-Resendez, developed cognitive psychologist in the UIUC Department of interviews to assess how ethnicity and education. Psychology. Wyer worked with James Kuklinski, a political scientist who joined SRL as assistant director in 1984, on a series of cognitive SERVICE & EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES experiments related to political questions. In 1989, Sudman, Blair, Schwarz, and two doctoral students, Early in the ‘80s, SRL performed data entry and Barbara Bickart and Geeta Menon, received NSF other survey-related services for faculty and funding to study cognitive aspects of proxy graduate students as time permitted. There were reporting. Czaja and Blair also applied these ideas 270 such projects in 1981–82, but the increasing to their research on criminal victimization. availability of personal computers made this data In 1991, Sudman became the principal entry service unnecessary. While SRL continued its investigator in a joint statistical agreement between advising activities, the budget crunch and cut in staff the Bureau of the Census and the university to reduced the time available for advising from four develop and evaluate re-interview methods and free hours per project to one. The number of faculty questionnaires. Face-to-face interviews were used members, students, and others advised dropped to conduct cognitive experiments on re-interviews from 500 in 1981–82 to 300 in 1982–83 to a little more and think-alouds covering respondents’ than 200 per year from 1984 to 1986. Since 1987, the understanding of question meaning, their methods number of persons advised has been under 150 per for giving self-reports, and issues of self- year. The number of workshops offered also was representation, such as question threat and reduced because of limited staff availability, and the embarrassment. UIUC sociology practicum to which SRL contributed ended in 1984 because of cost constraints and the In collaboration with Johnson and Warnecke, reduced number of entering graduate students. Sudman also headed an SRL team conducting a cognitive study for the National Center for Health As part of the effort to build linkages with the Statistics (NCHS) that investigated methods for faculty, alternative educational attempts were improving responses to health-related questions. made. SRL brought in all-campus lecturers on both Focus groups, think-alouds, and face-to-face campuses to discuss significant developments in the interviews were conducted with women age 50 and use of survey methods. The speakers included over who were members of the Rush-Anchor HMO James A. Davis from Harvard; James S. Coleman in the Chicago area. Their responses on questions from the University of Chicago; Philip E. Converse about having received cancer screening procedures from the University of Michigan; Monroe Sirken were compared with HMO records to see whether from the National Center for Health Statistics; and recall procedures could be manipulated in Elizabeth Noelle-Neumann, one of Germany’s questionnaire design. leading pollsters. SRL’s efforts in this area included a large In addition, SRL instituted a series of noontime randomized experiment that focused on ethnicity lunch talks on both campuses with speakers from and educational level as predictors of SRL, other researchers using innovative survey understanding health questions. The NCHS-funded methods, and distinguished visitors. study was led by Johnson and Diane O’Rourke and assessed how racial/ethnic background affects interpretation, information retrieval, judgment SURVEY RESEARCH NEWSLETTER formation, and editing of responses to commonly asked health questions. SRL conducted face-to-face Survey Research, the newsletter that SRL had think-aloud interviews with 421 Chicago-area published since 1969, continued to be widely used,

32 Forty-Year History of the Survey Research Laboratory with a circulation of 4,500, but was faced with the Joe Spaeth in Sociology, and Seymour Sudman in same budget crunch that caused reductions in other Business Administration had permanent joint SRL activities. Its publication was suspended for a appointments. year in 1984 but resumed in 1985, when funding Also in Urbana, the following faculty members was obtained from several major survey held visiting appointments at SRL: organizations, including the U.S. Bureau of the Census, the National Center for Health Statistics, Michael Birnbaum, Psychology the American Association for Public Opinion James Kluegel, Sociology Research, NORC, Research Triangle Institute, the Catherine Ross, Sociology Rand Corporation, Westat, Mathematica Policy Norbert Schwarz, Psychology Research, and the Survey Research Centers at Sharon Shavitt, Advertising Michigan, Temple, and Mississippi State William Trent, Educational Policy Studies Universities. Circulation was cut by about half. John van Es, Agricultural Economics and Rural After Mary Spaeth’s retirement, Diane O’Rourke Sociology and Marya Ryan took responsibility for the D. Charles Whitney, Journalism newsletter. Circulation was cut again, shifting the Robert Wyer, Psychology emphasis from a wide campus circulation to a more In Chicago, Garth Taylor in Political Science, specialized national and international readership of Richard Campbell in Sociology, Frederick Kviz in those actively interested in survey research. Community Health Sciences, Gerald Strom in Political Science, and Paul Levy in Public Health held visiting SRL appointments. THE FACULTY LINKAGE MODEL The major problem with the program of providing faculty support was that only a very After Ferber’s death, Vice President for limited number of faculty members could be Academic Affairs Peter Yankwich appointed a accommodated, so that while the linkages that faculty committee chaired by Arthur Getis, head of existed were strong, the total number of linkages the Urbana Geography Department. Its charge was was small. Many faculty members felt excluded. In to review SRL and to recommend whether it should the ‘90s, SRL dropped the number of faculty remain a unit reporting to the Vice President for appointments. As part of the financial Academic Affairs. reorganization, SRL was relieved of responsibility The committee produced a report that was for faculty salaries that had been incurred over the highly favorable to SRL and recommended that SRL years. After Joe Spaeth’s retirement in the spring of should remain an all-university unit and continue to 1993, only Warnecke and Sudman held active report to the Vice President for Academic Affairs. faculty appointments with the Lab. Committee members considered a range of alternative models for SRL’s continued operations and recommended that SRL adopt a model that was SUMMING UP specifically designed to build stronger faculty linkages. The term “faculty linkage model” was The Warnecke era, from 1982–1996, included a used in the report and became SRL’s guiding period of dramatic change in the 1980s to which SRL principle over the next decade. successfully adjusted during the 1990s. The context in which these changes occurred was national in The major way in which this model was scope, and the events that occurred at SRL occurred implemented was to provide office space, staff in some form at most other survey organizations. support services, and some salary support for The fact that SRL experienced “roller coaster” faculty members from a wide range of departments effects of extreme ups and downs in project activity who were doing survey research or were in the was a consequence of conducting large projects process of preparing proposals to do such research. whose timing could not always be well predicted. Those who participated were clear beneficiaries of During this period, it was no mean achievement for this program. a survey organization to celebrate its 25th During the ‘80s, permanent joint appointments anniversary, as SRL did in 1990. between SRL and other academic departments were However, despite the financial difficulties and held in Chicago by Richard Warnecke in Sociology organizational changes, several major things took and Barry Chiswick in Economics. In Urbana, James place that still affect how SRL functions and Kuklinski in Political Science, Roland Liebert and contribute to its solid scientific credentials. First,

1964–2004 33 there was a major reorganization of the financial Richard Warnecke stepped down as SRL structure of the Laboratory, which culminated in an Director in May 1996, and his contributions to SRL accounting system that provided key, detailed, and were recognized at an April 1997 reception. He left timely information. Second, the reorganization put behind a financially and scientifically mature SRL in a more solid fiscal position by changing the organization. He remains a Research Professor at sources of funding, allowing us considerably more SRL, continuing his affiliation of 31 years. In 1997, control and flexibility in managing both project and he moved to the Health Research and Policy state funds. The computer-assisted telephone Centers as director of the Center for Health interview became a reality at SRL during this time. Services Research and the Center for Health Policy The stable financial picture allowed us to invest in Research. In 2000, he became involved with the this technology and upgrade it to what was at that development of a new Cancer Center and stepped time state-of-the-art. Third, SRL moved strongly down as Director of the Health Policy Center at into the growing survey interest in health research HRPC to accommodate these new activities. As the and, in particular, evaluation of large cancer Cancer Center was established in 2001, he became programs. Health research remains a major source Associate Director for Cancer Control and of funding for SRL. Finally, under Warnecke’s Population Science. In September 2003, he received a leadership, SRL developed the facilities to conduct major grant to establish one of eight Centers for cognitive research. Sudman, Johnson, Warnecke, Population Health and Health Disparities funded by and O’Rourke developed into a team that attracted the National Cancer Institute and the National considerable methodological funding in this area. Institutes of Health. A major aspect of this Center As renovation of space continued, facilities in continues to be a strong collaboration with SRL. Urbana and Chicago were added to accommodate this new approach to questionnaire design.

Flyers for 25th anniversary events

34 Forty-Year History of the Survey Research Laboratory Chapter 7 SRL Enters the New Millenium

The mid-1990s witnessed three significant consequence of the World Trade Center attack on events in the history of the Survey Research September 11, 2001. Hambleton’s initial interview Laboratory. In addition to Dr. Warnecke stepping with the search committee for this position actually down as director in 1996 after 15 years’ service, SRL had taken place at O’Hare airport only a few days was moved administratively from Central prior to this national tragedy. Administration to the new College of Urban In early May 2000, SRL Deputy Director Planning and Public Affairs (CUPPA) on the Seymour Sudman unexpectedly passed away. His Chicago campus. SRL joined CUPPA along with two passing was a terrible loss to his family and to academic programs (the Public Administration and several generations of survey practitioners the Urban Planning programs) and four other worldwide and was noted by The New York Times applied research units: the Center for Urban and and The Washington Post, among others. His loss has Economic Development, the Great Cities Institute, been deeply felt by his colleagues at SRL, his “home the Voorhees Neighborhood Center, and the Urban base” from which he developed and published most Transportation Center. of his seminal contributions to the survey research The new college was approved by the Illinois literature. During the summer of 2000, SRL Board of Higher Education in 1995, with Allan conference rooms in both campus offices were Lerner of the Public Administration Program renamed in Sudman’s honor (a second conference serving as CUPPA’s interim dean. A search the room in Chicago was concurrently renamed in following year resulted in the appointment of Wim honor of first SRL Director Robert Ferber). The Wiewel, director of the Great Cities Institute, as the following year, special sessions in recognition of College’s first permanent dean in September 1996. Sudman’s work were sponsored by three Wiewel stepped down professional as dean in August 2000 organizations: the to accept an American Association appointment as dean of for Public Opinion UIC’s College of Research (AAPOR), the Business. David Perry, American Marketing director of the Great Association, and the Cities Institute, American Statistical subsequently served as Association. Also, as interim dean for two part of the AAPOR years, until the Endowment Fund, the appointment of Robin Seymour Sudman Fund Hambleton as new dean was established in his in July 2002. The search memory for the process for a new dean purpose of supporting had been delayed as a the AAPOR Student David Perry, Wim Wiewel, and Robin Hambleton 1964–2004 35 Paper Award. Dr. Sudman’s contributions to SRL economic downturns of the early 1990s and 2000s and to survey research in general are discussed in clearly mirrored in the numbers of studies depth in Chapter 8. proposed and funded during those years. In general, SRL staff have been very active in preparing research proposals since entering CUPPA FINANCES in the mid-1990s. The number of smaller service projects undertaken by SRL has been somewhat SRL’s finances have remained balanced since its more variable across the years. Information on the move into CUPPA. Figure 1 depicts SRL’s annual number of new service projects, by year, are operating budget over the past 40 years, and Figure presented in Figure 5. 2 chronicles state funding for SRL during the same time period. Figure 3 provides an important perspective on the University’s return on its Health Studies investment in SRL since the early 1990s. Overall, this figure indicates that the University has received As in past years, SRL has participated in the indirect cost recoveries from SRL work that exceeds conduct of a wide variety of health-related studies. the amount of state support given to SRL. It should Some of these included an NIA-funded study of be noted that the dollar figures presented in Figures hospital discharge planners from Mary Fennell of 1 through 3 have not been adjusted for inflation. Brown University (Study 786); surveys of users and nonusers of the Health Resources and Services Administration’s National Practitioner Data Bank RESEARCH (827); a community intervention study for the National Black Leadership Initiative on Cancer The numbers of study proposals prepared by (NBLIC), funded by NCI and conducted for SRL and the numbers actually funded between Warnecke (769); an evaluation of the CDC Cancer 1986–2004 are depicted in Figure 4. Clearly, the Information Service Outreach Demonstration demand for SRL’s services remains robust. Figure 4 Project (773); assessments of health behaviors and suggests that SRL’s work tends to lag 12–24 months disease prevention activities in the Greater Lawn behind national economic conditions, with the (842 and 945) and North Lawndale and South

Figure 1. SRL’s Annual Operating Budget, by Fiscal Year†

$3,000,000

$2,500,000

$2,000,000

$1,500,000

$1,000,000

$500,000

$0

Year †In unadjusted dollars.

36 Forty-Year History of the Survey Research Laboratory Lawndale (849) communities of Chicago; patient American Cancer Society (891); a national survey of satisfaction with Healthy Start services in several physician stress due to malpractice litigation (894); a southeastern Chicago clinics (844); an assessment of Robert Wood Johnson Foundation-funded survey citizen familiarity with State of Illinois programs, of uninsured patients for Saul Weiner (903), health including Women, Infants and Children (WIC), needs assessment surveys in multiple Chicago Healthy Start and Family Case Management (Study neighborhoods for Mt. Sinai Hospital (912) and the 851); a statewide survey of uninsured Illinois Jewish Federation (951); and an evaluation of residents for the Governor’s Planning Task Force hospital choice and use among African Americans in on the Uninsured (877); a nationwide survey of Urbana-Champaign (943). colorectal screening practices, conducted for the

Figure 2. State Funds Received by SRL, by Fiscal Year†

$600,000

$500,000

$400,000

$300,000

$200,000

$100,000

$0

Year †In unadjusted dollars.

Figure 3. Facilities & Administration Funds (formerly ICRs) Received by UI from SRL & State Dollars Received by SRL, by Fiscal Year†

$800,000

$700,000

$600,000

$500,000

$400,000

$300,000

$200,000

$100,000

$0 91 F&A funds rec'd by UI 92 93 94 95 96 97 State dollars rec'd by SRL 98 99 00 01 Year 02 03

†In unadjusted dollars.

1964–2004 37 Figure 4. New Proposals & New Studies, by Fiscal Year

80

74 70 69

69 60 58 56 60 60 62 59 50 54 49 48 40 37 37 38 34 30 38 24 20 21 22 16 18 28 30 23 25 10 21 26 12 14 16 11 13 15 17 0 86-87 14 87-88 88-89 89-90 90-91 91-92 92-93 New Proposals 93-94 94-95 95-96 96-97 97-98 98-99 New Studies 99-00 00-01 Year 01-02 02-03 03-04

Figure 5. Service Projects, by Fiscal Year multiwave study conducted for John Mirowsky of The Ohio State University continued the 25 investigation into the effects of aging and sense of control and health status that was begun in 23 Study 748 (868). An NCI-funded study designed 22 to assess the effects of a smoking cessation 20 program offered at public health clinics in Illinois 19 was conducted for Clara Manfredi (884). Interviews with renal cancer patients and 15 controls as part of a multi-site case-control study 15 being conducted by NCI (893) also was conducted in collaboration with Faye Davis. A 13 10 study funded by AHRQ, conducted for Shoou- 10 Yih Lee, examined the effects of health literacy 7 7 9 and social support on health and health services 5 utilization among Medicare recipients in Chicago (904). Finally, a five-year panel study funded by NIA and designed to examine the link between conscientiousness and health behaviors was being 0 conducted for Brent Roberts at the time of SRL’s 95-96 96-97 th 97-98 40 Anniversary (934). 98-99 99-00 00-01 01-02 Year 02-03 03-04 Addiction Studies

An NCI-funded study conducted for Alicia A considerable number of studies concerned Mathews examined the information-seeking with substance abuse addictions also were behavior of African-American and White cancer conducted during this period. Several of these were patients and their families (845). An NIA-funded funded by the federal government, including a five-

38 Forty-Year History of the Survey Research Laboratory wave addictions disability study of the effects of regarding public housing revitalization (919), and a losing Supplemental Security Income payments for study designed to track former residents of Paul Goldstein (Studies 788 and 830); a continuation Chicago’s Ida Wells public housing development of an NIAAA-funded multiwave study concerned (937). A related study that included a series of focus with harassment, gender, and alcohol consumption groups with Section 8 property owners was also being conducted for Judith Richman (762 and 867); a conducted for CHAC, the organization that survey of underage drinking among Illinois college administers the Section 8 program in Chicago and students (864); surveys of Illinois smokers designed Cook County (890). to evaluate the effectiveness of the Illinois Tobacco Other housing surveys were conducted for Hotline for Tom O’Rourke (924 and 953); and a faculty in the Urban Planning Program. These survey of teen tobacco cessation programs for Susan included a Housing Trust Fund study for Charlie Curry (931). A national RDD survey regarding Hoch (807), a Chicago rental market study for Janet sexual harassment and alcohol use was conducted Smith and the Metropolitan Planning Council (834), for Kathy Rospenda (936) with NIAAA funding. and a needs assessment of homeless persons in the Numerous addictions-related studies also were Chicago Metropolitan Area for Janet Smith and conducted for the Illinois Division of Alcoholism Charlie Hoch, funded by the Illinois Continuum of and Substance Abuse (DASA; previously the Office Care Regional Roundtable (866). A related study, of Alcoholism and Substance Abuse), including also conducted for Charlie Hoch, provided a need statewide surveys of substance abuse treatment assessment for the Greater Chicago Food needs assessments in 1997 and 2003 (793 and 918), Depository (824). and needs assessments of several special populations, including Medicaid recipients (794), mental health patients (795), adult probationers CHILD WELL-BEING STUDIES (802) and juvenile offenders (823). Additional funding was obtained to conduct in-depth analyses SRL also conducted several important studies of the juvenile offenders survey (914). Additionally, concerned with child well-being. One such study, the Illinois portion of the national Treatment conducted for Diane Rucinski of the UIC Health Outcomes and Performance Pilot Sites Study Research and Policy Centers, was concerned with (TOPPS II; Study 828) was conducted by SRL in collecting information for the Illinois Department of coordination with DASA. Public Aid regarding the medical insurance status and needs of children in Illinois living at or below Another substance abuse related study, 250% of the poverty level to determine eligibility conducted for the National Center on Addiction for a new health insurance program (817). Other and Substance Abuse (CASA) at Columbia studies included a survey of foster parents, University, investigated the ability of primary care sponsored by the School of Social Work on the physicians to diagnose and assist patients with Urbana-Champaign campus, which was concerned substance abuse problems. This study received with assessing the quality of care provided to foster national attention when the results were released children in the custody of the Illinois Department of by CASA Director Joseph Califano (819). Children and Family Services (DCFS), and a longitudinal survey of youth leaving foster care to Housing & Other Urban Studies identify service needs, also conducted for the Urbana-Champaign School of Social Work. Since joining CUPPA, SRL has acquired Other DCFS-commissioned studies were considerable expertise in the conduct of housing- conducted to determine if DCFS caseworkers were related studies. Many of these have been done in completing child endangerment risk assessments collaboration with Susan Popkin and Mary according to protocol (898), to investigate the Cunningham of The Urban Institute, including a services received by children in foster care (925), study designed to assess the Henry Horner and to evaluate the well-being of children in foster economic redevelopment project (Study 778), focus care in Illinois (933). Research funded by NIMH groups with Chicago residents who had applied for also was conducted for Howard Berenbaum to Section 8 vouchers to identify barriers to obtaining investigate the connection between childhood abuse housing (826 and 852), an assessment of the Henry and disturbed beliefs and emotions (915). A related Horner economic redevelopment project (778), a study, conducted for Risé Jones, involved mixed-income housing development survey (882), interviews with pediatricians suspecting their focus groups with Chicago-area community leaders patients had been abused (926).

1964–2004 39 Transportation Studies neighborhood violence evaluation studies of youth age 15–22 (873 and 939), and a survey of Chicago Surveys of transportation-related topics clergy, also regarding perceptions of violence in included a driver survey concerned with Chicago neighborhoods (907). experimental vehicle-arresting barriers being tested in several parts of Illinois (Study 787), a changeable message signs survey for Siim Soot of the UIC Methodological Studies Urban Transportation Center and the Illinois Department of Transportation (816), a Regional Methodological research remained an important Transportation Authority ridership survey (902), element of SRL’s identity. One such study and a survey of undergraduate commuters to UIC conducted during this period was an NIA-funded (906). SRL also collaborated with several other assessment of applied problems related to CUPPA units to conduct a compliance review of responding to cognitive functioning questions by Illinois Department of Transportation personnel elderly persons (Study 783), undertaken by records (874). Sudman, Diane O’Rourke, Tim Johnson, and Jane Burris. Another was an evaluation of methodological issues regarding the inclusion of Business Surveys disabled persons in social surveys, funded by the National Center for Health Statistics (838) and Several surveys of business organizations were conducted by Jennifer Parsons, research assistant conducted, including a survey of the human Sara Baum, and Johnson. resources practices of Fortune 1000 companies, Michael Fendrich, Johnson, and Sudman also conducted for Myron Roomkin of Northwestern collaborated in conducting two NIDA-funded University (Study 809), a survey of the methodological surveys concerned with evaluating environmental policies of U.S. industries (879), and the use of biological assays for the validation of several surveys of racial and ethnic diversity within self-reported drug use behaviors (766 and 860). Chicago corporations for Chicago United (885, 920, These studies represented early experiments with and 952). the use of audio-computer-assisted self-interview (A-CASI) at SRL. Sudman and Johnson also Criminal Justice Studies collaborated with O’Rourke, Burris, and Warnecke in conducting an NCI-funded study concerned with SRL conducted several Community Alternative testing several questionnaire innovations designed Policing Strategies (CAPS) CATI surveys for Wes to reduce the social desirability bias associated with Skogan at Northwestern University. These were self-reports of cancer screening procedures (840). conducted in 1997 (Studies 789 and 798), 1999 (832), This study also included an A-CASI experimental 2001 (887), and 2003 (946). condition. Several other important criminal justice studies were undertaken, including an evaluation of the STAFF Illinois Victim-Witness Program for Mark Myrent of the Illinois Criminal Justice Information Authority When Richard Warnecke stepped down as (803); an NIA-funded, two-wave national telephone director in May 1996, Timothy Johnson was survey focusing on the effects of community context appointed as interim director. When a new CUPPA on health and well-being for Catherine Ross and dean was named in Chester Britt of the Ohio State University and September 1996, the Pennsylvania State University, respectively (751); an search for a permanent RDD survey of issues related to firearm ownership SRL director was delayed in Miami-Dade County, Florida (869); and a by a year. After a national crime laboratory survey, conducted for Joe nationwide search, Peterson (930). Johnson was appointed as SRL’s third director in A number of surveys were undertaken on July 1998. behalf of the Chicago Project on Violence Prevention at UIC, including random-digit-dial In December of 1997, surveys of adults in several Chicago communities long-time employee regarding violence perceptions (839, 892, and 901), Bernita Rusk retired and Timothy Johnson

40 Forty-Year History of the Survey Research Laboratory was honored for her 27 years of service to SRL on remained with SRL until April 2003. David Schipani the Urbana campus. With her departure, Kris and Ben Kennedy joined SRL’s Project Coordination Hertenstein joined SRL to oversee administrative staff in July and November 2001, respectively. activities in the Urbana office. In the Chicago office, Kennedy left in June 2002. Schipani was promoted SRL interviewer April van Dam was appointed to Senior Project Coordinator in September 2003. Receptionist in June 1998. Lori Harmon and Liz Clary joined SRL’s staff as Also in Chicago, long-time SRL office manager Project Coordinators in July and August 2002, and administrative secretary Tony Burnett left SRL respectively. In June 1998, Isabel Farrar was in June 2003 and became Manager of the UIC promoted to Senior Project Coordinator, as was African-American Cultural Center. Ingrid Graf in April 1999 and Jane Burris in July 2000. Burris, Farrar, and Graf were promoted to Administratively, Marguerite Harris was Coordinator of Research Programs in February promoted to Associate Director for Financial 2001. Operations in 1998. Michelle White was hired as Business Manager in February 1996. In September In 1999, SRL hired a full-time expert in 2000, Eboni Craig was promoted to Business quantitative methods to oversee all analyses of data Manager and then to Research Program from complex sample design surveys. Young Ik Coordinator in September 2004. In November 2000, Cho, who had recently completed a doctorate in SRL Business Manager Michelle White was selected sociology at UIC, was first appointed to this as a recipient of UIC’s Award of Merit. This award, position as a Postdoctoral Research Associate. In made annually by UIC, goes to those “who adhere September 2002, Cho also received an appointment to the highest standards of excellence in service and as an Assistant Research Professor at SRL. commitment to their occupations and their Dr. Sharon Shavitt, then Associate Professor of colleagues.” In late 2003, SRL Associate Director Advertising and Psychology on the Urbana- Marguerite Harris also received the UIC Award of Champaign campus, joined SRL as an Associate Merit. It has been a rare accomplishment for two Research Professor in 1999, bringing with her an members of the same campus unit to have received active research program in cross-cultural survey this prestigious award. In both instances, the methodology. Since that time, Shavitt has been awards had been earned several times over. promoted to full professor and has moved to the Diane O’Rourke was promoted to Assistant Department of Business Administration at UIUC. Director for Research Planning in October 1998 and During the ‘01–’02 academic year, Interim Dean given responsibility for overseeing the activities of David Perry gave SRL permission to begin a search the Sampling, Field, and Data Reduction sections. for an assistant professor with expertise in survey O’Rourke retired in December 2001 after three methodology who would be affiliated both with the decades of service to SRL. She was replaced as College’s Public Administration Program and SRL. Assistant Director by Linda Owens. After a highly competitive national search, Allyson With the departure of Victoria Gwiasda in June Holbrook was appointed Assistant Professor of 1998, Jennifer Parsons was appointed Coordinator Public Administration and joined SRL’s staff. In of Research Programs in 1998, and Assistant 2002, Holbrook also earned a doctorate in Social Director for Research Programs in 1999. In August Psychology from The Ohio State University, where 2002, she was promoted to Associate Director for Jon Krosnik served as her major advisor. Research Programs. In these positions, Parsons has When Marya Ryan left SRL in March of 1997, been responsible for oversight of all project Andrea Van Proyen took over the duties of coordination activities and proposal development at Coordinator of Survey Research Information SRL. In July 1998, Beth Severns left SRL and was Services. Those duties were assumed by Lisa Kelly- replaced by Amy DeGrush. In February 1999, Kat Wilson in November 1999 after Van Proyen’s Lind left SRL, followed by Gloria Chapa-Resendez departure. In August 2004, Kelly-Wilson was in July 1999. They were replaced by Holly Hart promoted to Senior Coordinator of Survey Research (February 1999) and Martine Sagun (March 1999), Information Services, and since March 2000, she also who then left SRL during the summer of 2000, along has coordinated survey projects on as-needed basis. with DeGrush. They were followed by Dan Levins, In 1997, Assistant Director of Operations Martin who joined SRL in October 2000 and Julia Dowse, Glusberg left SRL. Six months later, Project who joined SRL in December 2000; both left the Coordinator Lynn Hamilton was appointed following year. Christine Orland joined SRL as a manager of the Office of Computing Services (OCS). Project Coordinator in September 2000 and Hamilton left SRL in May 1999 and Jie Chen

1964–2004 41 assumed leadership of OCS in July 1999. Research With the appointment of Parker to manage OSS, Data Analyst Olga Figman left SRL in August 1999. Senior Field Coordinator Cayge Clements was Antonio Cox transitioned from the Data Reduction appointed Field Operations Manager at SRL. When section to OCS in March 1999 to take responsibility Clements resigned in August 2003, Senior Field for the back-end preparation of computer-assisted Coordinator Douglas Hammer assumed interview data sets. Art Robinson joined SRL in responsibility of the Field section as interim field May 1998 as Network Administrator, remaining manager. Following a national search, Michele with us until August 2003. Senior Research Dreczynski was appointed the new head of Field in Programmer Vesselin Tzvetkov joined SRL in May 2004. Delores White served as SRL Field October 1999. Coordinator from October 1997 to August 2000. SRL organized a new section—the Office of Vernon Blackwood served as a Field Coordinator Survey Systems (OSS)—in December of 2001. This from February 1999 to February 2000. David restructuring was an attempt to concentrate all Whitfield joined SRL as a Field Coordinator in survey planning operations within a single group November 2001, leaving in August 2004. that would subsequently be responsible for these During 1998–1999, SRL increased its telephone activities. Over the previous decade, the amount interviewing capabilities by establishing a phone and complexity of SRL’s computerized survey center at the Urbana office. Marni Basic was operations had grown rapidly, and it had become welcomed to SRL in May 2000 when she became the apparent that the amount of effort being invested in Urbana Field Coordinator. the development and maintenance of these systems In the Sampling section, Ann Hatalsky left SRL warranted the organization of a separate group of in October 1997. The following December, Linda professionals who could focus full time on this Owens left the U.S. Department of Energy to join work. Long-time SRL staff member Vincent Parker, SRL as Sampling Operations Supervisor. With who had served SRL in multiple capacities over the Owens’ promotion to Assistant Director for years, accepted an appointment as the first manager Research Planning, Karen Foote Retzer joined SRL of OSS. SRL staff reassigned to OSS upon its as Sampling Coordinator in March 2001. She was founding included Antonio Cox, who had been promoted to Sampling Operations Supervisor in promoted to Senior Research Programmer in August 2004. August 2001, and Senior Research Programmer Vesselin Tzvetkov. The Data Reduction section also has seen several transitions during these years. Geoff Parker

Figure 6. SRL Staff Publications, by Year

25 24 23

20 21

15 18 17 14 15 13 13 10 9 9 7 10 9 11 12 5 8 7 4 6 4 4 1 5 6 0 1 90-91 2 91-92 92-93 Articles, edited books, proceedings 93-94 94-95 95-96 96-97 97-98 Reports & monographs 98-99 99-00 00-01 01-02 02-03 03-04 Year

42 Forty-Year History of the Survey Research Laboratory Figure 7. SRL Staff Presentations, by Year

30 26 26 25 23 23 26 27 22 21 27 20 20 19 19 22 20 14 12 15 13 11 15 15 10 12 10 8 5 7 6 5 Conference presentations 3 2 Other presentations 0 90-91 91-92 92-93 93-94 94-95 95-96 96-97 97-98 98-99 99-00 00-01 01-02 02-03 03-04

Year moved from the Field section to become the Ken Nielsen joined SRL as DR Manager. Nielsen manager of Data Reduction in November 2000. subsequently left SRL in late 2000. In October 2003, Previous head Timothy Dollear left in 1997 and was Kathleen Chan was appointed Data Reduction replaced, briefly, by Stephanie Goldman. In late Coordinator. 1997, Jeffrey Francik returned to SRL and remained Throughout the decades, SRL’s staff have until August 1998. Peggy Iverson served as DR maintained a tradition of intellectual contribution to manager from August 1998 to June 1999. With her the profession of survey research. Figure 6 depicts departure, Douglas Hammer temporarily assumed the volume of publications produced by SRL staff these responsibilities until November 1999, when since 1990–91, and Figure 7 documents the numbers of professional conference and other presentations made by SRL staff during this same time period. A complete bibliography of SRL staff publications is provided in Appendix D.

OFFICES

As part of its integration into the new College of Urban Planning and Public Affairs, SRL’s Chicago office moved a short distance from 910 W. Van Buren Street into the College’s newly renovated CUPPA Hall home, CUPPA Hall, at 412 S. Peoria Street, along with the College’s other units, in December 1998. In May 2001, SRL’s Urbana office became the Champaign office when it was moved from 909 W. Oregon Street in Urbana to 505 E. Green Street in Champaign.

WORKSHOP SERIES

In July 1998, SRL initiated a permanent seminar series concerned with survey methodology. Since that time, multiple workshops concerned with SRL’s Champaign introductory and intermediate topics in survey office 1964–2004 43 methodology have been offered free of charge to Figure 8. SRL Seminar Series: students, staff, and faculty on each campus each Number of Registrants, by Year & Location academic year. Table 1 lists the various workshops that have been offered by SRL staff from 1998– 2004. In addition, Figure 8 summarizes the 250 number of persons having registered for one or more workshops on each campus each year, and Figure 9 summarizes the number of departments 200 represented by these registrants on each campus, by year. 150 SRL’s workshops took on an international flavor in December 2002 when Tim Johnson was invited to provide a series of lectures on survey Registrants 100 Chicago methodology to audiences in the Dominican Republic. These lectures were based on materials Urbana developed for SRL’s on-campus workshops. 50

SURVEY RESEARCH NEWSLETTER 0 Fall 1998 Spring 1999 1999-2000 2004 was an anniversary for our 2000-2001 2001-2002 2002-2003 organization and also for our newsletter: Survey 2003-2004 Research celebrated its 35th year of publication. The newsletter continues to focus on readers actively interested in survey research and maintains a subscribership of well over 1,300 national and international organizations and individuals. Funding for the newsletter comes largely from our organizational “patrons,” including Abt Associates, Figure 9. SRL Seminar Series: Number of Inc., the American Association for Public Opinion Departments Represented by Registrants, Research, the Center for Survey Statistics and by Year & Location Methodology at Iowa State University, the Institute for Policy Research at the University of Cincinnati, Marketing Systems Group, Mathmatica Policy 120 Research, the National Center for Education Statistics, the National Center for Health Statistics, 100

80

Table 1. Workshops Offered by SRL 60

Cognitive Issues in Questionnaire Design Departments Cross-Cultural Survey Measurement 40 Focus Groups Introduction to Survey Design Questionnaire Design 20 Overview of Ethical Considerations in Survey Research Mail Survey Methods Sampling Rare Populations 0 Fall 1998 Secondary Analysis of Survey Data Spring 1999 1999-2000 2000-2001 2001-2002 Selecting Socioeconomic Measures for Survey Research Chicago 2002-2003 Survey Data Analysis 2003-2004 Urbana Survey Interviewing Survey Sampling Web Surveys 44 Forty-Year History of the Survey Research Laboratory the Opinion Research Corporation, RTI Over the past five years, SRL also has International, the Survey Research Center at the developed an extensive Intranet Web site that University of Michigan, and Westat. makes available work-related resources to SRL Diane O’Rourke remained the newsletter’s staff, including final sampling and methodological managing editor until her retirement, assisted first reports for SRL studies, section progress reports, by Marya Ryan, then Andrea Van Proyen, and document and presentation templates, policies and finally Lisa Kelly-Wilson. Kelly-Wilson assumed all guidelines, committee and section schedules, and editorial duties upon O’Rourke’s retirement. Prior IRB forms, just to name a few. to her retirement, Kris Hertenstein had served as the newsletter’s production assistant, but she and DISSERTATION AWARDS Kelly-Wilson now serve as co-editors. In 2000, funding was established on the UIUC QUESTIONNAIRE REVIEW COMMITTEE campus to endow the Robert Ferber and Seymour Sudman Dissertation Awards. Since 2001, $2,400 has In 1999, SRL celebrated the 30th anniversary of been awarded each year to students writing its fabled Questionnaire Review Committee (QRC). dissertations concerned with survey methodology A source of both irritation and grudging respect for or using survey research as the basis for their principal investigators for several decades, SRL’s dissertations. These awards are administered by QRC has continued to serve with quiet distinction. SRL under the direction of a three-person selection Established in the early 1970s, the QRC is composed committee. Diane O’Rourke, Sharon Shavitt and of staff members appointed by the Director to Tim Johnson have served on the selection ensure that all questionnaires administered by SRL committee for these awards since 2001. Past follow ethical practices and basic principles of recipients of the Ferber and Sudman awards are questionnaire design. No instrument is listed in Table 2 on page 46. In conjunction with administered to respondents before approval is SRL’s 40th anniversary, a campaign to organize an obtained from this committee. Over the years, the endowment on the Chicago campus for a similar size and composition of the QRC has varied, but its award was initiated. critical role in ensuring that SRL’s work meets the highest ethical and scholarly standards remains unchanged. Recent QRC chairs have included CONFERENCES ORGANIZED BY SRL Sharon Calkins, who served in this capacity until her retirement in 1994; Diane O’Rouke, who chaired In recent years, a number of important QRC from 1995 until her retirement in at the end of conferences have been organized, coordinated, 2001; and Jennifer Parsons, who has been QRC chair and/or sponsored by SRL staff. In November 1999, since January 2002. the Conference on Survey Research in the 21st Century was held on the Urbana-Champaign campus. Hosted by SRL and organized by Sharon Shavitt, WEB SITE the full-day conference provided faculty with an opportunity to present and discuss their unique and In early 1997, SRL also instituted an early Web creative applications of survey methodology in site. This effort initially was conceived and addressing substantive research problems. It implemented by Assistant Director for Operations featured 19 faculty speakers representing 16 campus Martin Glusberg. SRL’s Web site subsequently was units and was attended by approximately 60 enhanced and upgraded by Andrea Van Proyen and University faculty and staff members. Speakers and then Lisa Kelly-Wilson. As we reached our 40th participants represented a diverse range of year in September 2004, Kelly-Wilson introduced a disciplines, such as speech communication, new Web page format and design for SRL’s now veterinary bioscience, leisure studies, journalism, highly diverse and content-rich site sociology, music, community health, architecture, (www.srl.uic.edu). Among the materials available economics, and business administration. are a collection of annual reports; methodological resources, such as workshop presentations and A special symposium in memory of Seymour Sudman was held at the university’s Allerton supporting bibliographies; study reports; and back Conference Center on the first anniversary of his issues of Survey Research. death in May 2001. Attended by approximately 60

1964–2004 45 Table 2. Dissertation Award Recipients, 2002–2004

FERBER AWARD RECIPIENTS SUDMAN AWARD RECIPIENTS

2002 Fabio Fonti, Department of Business Administration 2002 Junyong Kim, Department of Business Administration Dissertation: When One Relationship Is Not Enough: Toward a Dissertation: Counterfactual Thinking: An Underlying Theory of Multiplex Embeddedness Mechanism of Post-purchase Evaluation & Satisfaction

2003 Leo Zulu, Department of Geography 2003 Reeshad Dalal, Department of Psychology Dissertation: Rescaling Conservation: The Political Ecology of Dissertation: Meta-analytic & Experience-Sampling Community-Based Forest Management in Southern Malawi Investigations into the Structure of Behavior at Work 2004 María-Isabel Martínez-Mira, Department of Spanish, Italian, and Portuguese 2004 Young Mie Kim, Department of Speech Communication Dissertation: Mood Simplification: Adverbial Clauses in Heritage Spanish Dissertation: Acquiring Political Information on the Web: and Issue Publics, Domain-Specificity, & Motivated Information Kevin Rock, Department of Business Administration Processing Dissertation: Unpacking Dispersed Work: How Social Context Affects Social Networks, Learning, & Attachment

friends, family, former students, and colleagues, the 40th anniversary celebration, of which this book is event featured two days of research presentations, just one part. In October 2004, a symposium on much of it directly inspired by Sudman’s work. This cross-cultural survey methodology was held on the symposium was organized and coordinated by Urbana-Champaign campus, and distinguished Sharon Shavitt and Ed Blair of the University of guest lectures by Eleanor Singer of the University Houston. of Michigan’s Institute for Social Research and In addition, SRL has served as the coordinating Monroe Sirken of the National Center for Health unit for the past three national conferences on Statistics were given on the Chicago campus. In health survey research methodology. These addition, each SRL office hosted an open house in included a 6th conference held in Breckenridge, observance of this anniversary. These activities Colorado, in June 1995, the September 1999 7th were developed with the guidance, support, and conference held in Williamsburg, Virginia, and the involvement of SRL’s two faculty advisory 8th conference, held in Peachtree City, Georgia, in committees and implemented by SRL staff. SRL’s February 2004. These conferences are part of a faculty advisory committee membership, as of series of meetings that began in 1975 to discuss August 2004, are listed in Table 3 on page 48. new, innovative survey research methods designed to improve health survey research data. The th th GRADUATE PROGRAM IN SURVEY RESEARCH proceedings for the 7 and 8 conferences can be METHODOLOGY AT UIC found at www.cdc.gov/nchs. Diane O’Rourke has served as the primary coordinator for each of these Between 2001 and 2004, Tim Johnson and conferences, assisted by Bernita Rusk in 1995 and Allyson Holbrook worked with several UIC by Kris Hertenstein in 1999 and 2004. For the 2004 colleagues, including Community Health professor conference, the conference proceedings were and former SRL staff member Fred Kviz and compiled, formatted, and edited by Hertenstein Sociology professors Richard Campbell and Maria and Lisa Kelly-Wilson. Krysan to develop and obtain approval for an interdisciplinary graduate program in survey FACULTY ADVISORY COMMITTEES research methodology. Progress was slow. With the support of Program Director Mike Pagano, nine In early 2002, SRL reconstituted its faculty new courses in survey research methodology were advisory committees on each campus. Since that approved for the Public Administration program in time, these committees have met on a regular basis the spring of 2003, and Holbrook began offering and provided the key guidance, among other these courses the following autumn. By the end of things, for the development of SRL’s plans for its the 2004 spring semester, the proposed graduate

46 Forty-Year History of the Survey Research Laboratory concentration had been approved by CUPPA, the effort, SRL’s various data collection activities were School of Public Health, and the College of Liberal suspended for between two and eight months. On Arts and Sciences. It is anticipated that the the positive side, the research restriction prompted proposed program will be approved by the serious campus-wide reflection and heightened university’s Board of Trustees during 2005. Once standards regarding the protection of research firmly established, it is hoped that this program can subjects. In any given year, SRL may conduct be extended and become available to graduate interviews with as many as 10,000 individuals. students on the Urbana-Champaign campus. Ensuring that none of these respondents are harmed as a consequence of their participation in our research studies remains a fundamental THE RESEARCH SUSPENSION AT UIC principle of our work. Under the direction of the UIC Vice Chancellor for Research Eric Gislason, the In August 1999, the UIC campus was placed on campus now has a strong institutionalized human “restriction” by the federal Office for Protection subjects protection program with which SRL works from Research Risks (OPRR). At the risk of very hard to remain in compliance. oversimplifying a complex set of events, this restriction was the culmination of an OPRR investigation into UIC’s institutional adherence to SRL APPROACHES 40 federal regulations regarding the protection of research subjects. No studies having been Poor economic conditions experienced over the conducted by SRL or with SRL’s collaboration were past three years have at least in part been involved in the events leading to the research responsible for the closing of important academic restriction. All researchers and research units on survey research centers in Georgia, Iowa, campus, including SRL, nonetheless were affected Maryland, and Ohio. The University of Illinois has by this blanket research restriction. Consequently, not been spared these economic pains, and a all SRL active research studies were suspended considerable portion of SRL’s state budget has been pending re-review by one of the campus’ cut since 2002. Nonetheless, SRL is a healthy, Institutional Review Boards (IRBs). SRL staff served mature research organization that has successfully on each of the three campus IRBs responsible for leveraged its key strengths, including rereviewing these protocols, including Bonnie methodological rigor and prominent locations on Brennan, Tim Johnson, Geoff Parker, and Les the two largest public university campuses in Townsend. Because of the large number of studies Illinois, to insure that it remains a dynamic and facing re-review and the reorganization of the intellectually rich organization, one of which the University office responsible for coordinating that citizens of Illinois can be proud.

1964–2004 47 Table 3. SRL Faculty Advisory Committees as of September 2004

Chicago Campus Vaughn Blankenship, Professor, Public Administration Phillip Bowman, Professor and Director, Institute for Research on Race and Public Policy Richard Campbell, Professor, Epidemiology and Biostatistics Noel Chávez, Associate Professor, Community Health Sciences Barry Chiswick, Professor, Economics Susan Curry, Director, Institute for Health Research and Policy, School of Public Health Michael Fendrich, Associate Professor, Psychiatry Tonda Hughes, Associate Professor, College of Nursing Linda Kaste, Associate Professor, College of Dentistry Anne Koerber, Clinical Assistant Professor, Pediatric Dentistry Maria Krysan, Associate Professor, Sociology Fred Kviz, Professor, Community Health Sciences, School of Public Health Glen Schumock, Associate Professor, Pharmacy Practice Janet Smith, Assistant Professor, Urban Planning Richard B. Warnecke, Professor, Urban Planning, Sociology, & Epidemiology and Biostatistics; Director, Program for Cancer Control and Population Sciences

Urbana-Champaign Campus Scott Althaus, Assistant Professor, Speech Communication & Political Science Leigh Estabrook, Professor & Director, Library Research Center Joe Goldberg, Professor, Medical Humanities & Social Sciences, and Pediatrics James Kluegel, Professor, Sociology Dawn Morin, Associate Professor, Veterinary Clincial Medicine Thomas O’Rourke, Professor, Community Health Beth Sandore, Professor, Grainger Engineering Library Mirjana Sotirovic, Associate Professor, Journalism Gray Swicegood, Associate Professor, Sociology Madhu Viswanathan, Associate Professor, Business Administration Brian Wansink, Associate Professor, Business Administration Stanley Wasserman, Professor, Psychology Tiffany White, Assistant Professor, Business Administration Bruce Williams, Professor, Urban and Regional Planning & Institute of Communications Research

48 Forty-Year History of the Survey Research Laboratory Chapter 8 Seymour Sudman

Bob Ferber used to joke that one of his greatest full scholarship. Originally a chemistry major, he achievements was recruiting Seymour Sudman to changed his major to mathematics after taking the faculty of the University of Illinois in 1968. This classes from a young University of Chicago Ph.D. was indeed true, and was even more apparent after student—Jack Silber. After taking Silber’s course in Ferber died in 1981. In addition to making a major probability and statistics, Sudman started to impact on advances in survey research methodology consider a career as a statistician rather than a internationally, Seymour Sudman was also a driving mathematician. force in maintaining and increasing the quality of Seymour Sudman wrote a personal SRL from 1968 until his death in 2000. Because he autobiography for his family in the early 1990s. It was the major author of contains recollections the thirty-year history of from his earliest years SRL, he neglected to through 1994. Included highlight his own role in below are quotes from the organization. As part that autobiography. of the forty-year history, we wish to rectify that While in college in omission. 1946, Sudman had his first contact with survey Seymour Sudman and research as a part-time Robert Ferber began their face-to-face interviewer lives in very similar for the Alfred Politz surroundings. Ferber was Market Research born in 1922, the son of Company. He wrote: immigrant parents from Lithuania and Poland. He “I was working only was born and grew up in for the money, with no New York City. Sudman recognition that my was born in 1928, the son interviewing experience of immigrant parents from would be invaluable in Russia and the Ukraine. He my later career. The was born and grew up in actual interviewing was Chicago. After an very enjoyable since I elementary-secondary was always interested education in the Chicago in what other people Public Schools, in 1945 he thought. The most entered the newly frustrating thing, established Roosevelt however, was to knock College (now University) on the door, see in downtown Chicago on a someone pull back the Seymour Sudman (photo by Bill Wiegand) 1964–2004 49 curtain in a window to see who it was, and then he was drafted into the Army and worked in the refuse to open the door without even giving me a Signal Corps for two years. In 1954, Sudman joined chance to explain what I wanted. One of my most the staff of the University of Chicago Institute for memorable interviews was conducted with a Nuclear Studies and worked on statistical analysis recently arrived immigrant family from Eastern of cosmic ray data. For one project he “used Europe. The norms of hospitality were in tension correlation methods to indicate the effect of the with the suspiciousness of the father that someone position of the moon on cosmic ray activity. was trying to pull a fast one. He agreed to be Although there were some interesting results, there interviewed and gave careful answers, but all the was a large sampling variance in the findings. The time held a long, sharp butcher knife in front of sampling error of the estimate of one of the key him, just in case. At the end we parted cordially. parameters was the same size as the estimate itself, “I gave up interviewing, because the work was that is, a relative error of 100 percent. [The uncertain [and] low-paying and interfered with my professor who led the project] was not at all college work and grading. Many of the same worried about this, however, pointing out that problems continue today, which explains the high errors of this magnitude were common in turnover rate among part-time interviewers. astrophysical measurement. I have subsequently Certainly my sensitivity to the problems that used this example frequently when physical researchers cause interviewers was heightened by scientists complain that the social sciences are so my brief interviewing career.” imprecise that they cannot really be considered as sciences.” For two years after graduating from Roosevelt, Sudman remained there working as a statistician. Sudman spent the next seven years (1955–1962) His job included keeping track of enrollment and at the Market Research Corporation of America conducting student and alumni surveys. It was here (MRCA), ultimately as the Chief of Statistics of the that he designed his first questionnaires. He also Consumer Panel Division. It was there that he needed to sample students in classes, so he used wrote his first professional papers and did work probability sampling by selecting classes from that led to his doctoral dissertation (On the Accuracy tables of random numbers. of Recording of Consumer Panels). During this period he directed a great deal of research on improving At this point, Sudman got his “introduction to diaries for consumer reporting and worked on his public opinion.” He wrote: doctorate in business at the University of Chicago, “The Political Science Department decided to which he received in 1962. offer a new course in public opinion, but had no In 1962 Sudman left MRCA to work at the one to teach it. Looking around, they remembered National Opinion Research Center (NORC) at the the student surveys I had conducted and asked me University of Chicago. (During six years at NORC, to do it. I was delighted with the chance to get he was the director of sampling and a senior study some teaching experience. Little did I realize at the director, as well as being a lecturer in the time that I had started on a career. Preparing for University of Chicago Graduate School of the course required me to read literature that I had Business.) Peter Rossi had just been named the new never seen until that point. Among the most director and recruited Sudman and Norman memorable books I read were those by Walter Bradburn, James Davis, John Johnstone, and Elihu Lippman, George Gallup and Hadley Cantril. I Katz. The world-renowned Bradburn-Sudman became aware of the Public Opinion Quarterly and partnership began in 1965, when they collaborated read every issue from cover to cover.” on a study of racially integrated neighborhoods While at Roosevelt College, Sudman met that resulted in the 1971 book Side by Side: Integrated Blanche Berland, a fellow student. They married in Neighborhoods in America (Bradburn, Sudman, & 1951 and were close to celebrating their 48th Gockel). At a memorial service for Seymour shortly wedding anniversary when he died in May 2000. after his death, Bradburn made these comments: The Sudmans had three children, Emily, Harold, “In the course of doing this study, we found and Carol, and two grandchildren, Shoshana and that our training and writing styles complemented Jacob. each other and that we made a good research team. From Roosevelt, Sudman went to the Ordinance After we completed the neighborhood study and Ammunition Command in Joliet, Illinois where he Seymour finished his own series of studies of was an analytical statistician for two years. In 1952 survey interviewers, he suggested that we embark

50 Forty-Year History of the Survey Research Laboratory on a systematic review of the literature on response Sudman complemented Ferber with additional errors. Again, Seymour brought methodological expertise on survey methodology but was happy to innovation to the project, and independently leave administration to Ferber. After Ferber’s death invented a technique that has since become known in 1981, Sudman was named Deputy Director of as meta-analysis. From then on we just kept going, SRL, but was again happy to leave the Lab’s pursuing questions that we felt needed to be administration to the new director, Richard answered, and turning up new conundrums that Warnecke. This enabled him to devote all of his cried out for more research. We became the Gilbert time to the teaching and research that he loved. and Sullivan of survey methodology, or perhaps In the late 1960s, except for self-administered better the Black and Decker, because we were mail surveys, almost all survey research was inventing tools for others to use in improving their conducted face to face. When Sudman arrived at research.” Illinois, he suggested that SRL start using telephone Sudman and Bradburn continued to collaborate samples when client resources were limited. He and co-authored an additional five major books wrote: (Response Effects in Surveys: A Review and Synthesis, “I argued that in Illinois in 1969 better than 80 1974; Improving Interview Method and Questionnaire percent of households had telephones, and that for Design: Response Effects to Threatening Questions in clients with limited budgets it was better to get a Survey Research, 1979; Asking Questions: A Practical good-sized phone sample than to do nothing, or to Guide to Questionnaire Design, 1982; Polls and Surveys: get a small face-to-face-sample. Although [others] Understanding What They Tell Us, 1988; Thinking had some doubts, I was able to order all the phone About Answers: The Application of Cognitive Processes to directories for the State of Illinois so that phone Survey Methodology, 1996 (with Norbert Schwarz)). samples could be selected if desired. At that time, Whose name was first? Bradburn noted: unlisted phones were a much smaller problem that “We never had a moment’s disagreement about we ignored. There was no central telephone facility, who should be first author on any book or article. but the interviews were simply conducted using When it became apparent that we were going to phones in the various offices after hours, or when spend our lives writing books together, we we were away from the office.” Thus SRL became informally decided that we would alternate being one of the first survey research centers to move first author. It is altogether appropriate that, as a much of their interviewing from the field to result of that rule, he is the first author on the two telephones. most famous of our books – Response Effects in Sudman’s impact on the field of survey research Surveys, which was selected as one of the 50 most is so great because his contributions were so broad influential books in the first 50 years of modern and diverse: response effects, questionnaire design, scientific public opinion research, and Asking sampling, cognitive processes. At any one time he Questions, which is still in print after almost 20 was working on several grants and book years. He was the inspiration and driving force manuscripts, as well as devoting a great deal of behind them.” time to teaching undergraduate and graduate In 1968, the aforementioned great achievement courses. The classic 1976 book Applied Sampling was of Robert Ferber occurred: Seymour Sudman joined written because there was nothing of the kind the faculty of the University of Illinois at Urbana- available at the time for the graduate course he Champaign as a tenured Associate Professor in the taught on that topic. This was also the case in 1998 Departments of Business Administration and when he co-authored (with Ed Blair) Marketing Sociology and the Survey Research Laboratory. At Research: A Problem-Solving Approach. Sudman taught SRL he was named head of the sampling section. courses in applied survey sampling and marketing Recalling that time, Sudman wrote: research. In 1985 he was named the Walter H. “Although I interacted with colleagues both in Stellner Distinguished Professor of Marketing. Business Administration and Sociology, it was clear In the 1970s and 80s, Sudman expanded the right from the start that my research activities and understanding and practical use for multiplicity major intellectual contributions would be tightly (network) sampling. In the 1980s and 90s he turned tied to the Survey Research Laboratory. If the his attention to the cognitive processes of survey Laboratory had not existed, it is unlikely that I response and co-authored several volumes on that would have been invited to join the faculty, or if topic. At the time of his death, Sudman was invited that I would have come to Illinois.”

1964–2004 51 working on second editions of Asking Questions and AAPOR (lifetime achievement) Award in 1987. Consumer Panels. Fortunately that work has been However, the greatest mark that Seymour Sudman carried on by others. left on SRL was his impact on the junior faculty and Seymour Sudman was recognized for his talents staff members with whom he worked. He was throughout his career. He was elected president of always generous with his time and knowledge. He the American Association for Public Opinion mentored many. He was always eager to Research (1981–82), made a fellow of the American collaborate with others. This is the legacy that Statistical Association (1983), and won the coveted continues today.

52 Forty-Year History of the Survey Research Laboratory Appendix A A Proposal for a Survey Research Laboratory

It is recommended that a Survey Research operations, for collecting and initially processing Laboratory be established as a unit of the Graduate survey data, or for storing such data in a form to College of the University according to the plan make it readily available to faculty members or described below. students. For each of the various survey research The primary purposes of the Survey Research projects undertaken by the University faculty, the Laboratory shall be to plan, conduct, and process entire survey operation has to be designed from the survey operations needed in research projects, to beginning. This leads to duplication and repetition conduct and promote research on survey methods, of effort both in terms of executing projects and in to act as a repository for survey and other data on training research assistants, together with the the State of Illinois, and to provide a means for inability to do complicated large scale projects training undergraduate and graduate students in throughout the state. survey methods. To remedy these deficiencies, it is proposed that the University of Illinois establish a survey research laboratory that would perform the following DISCUSSION functions: 1. Plan, conduct, and process survey operations for The sample survey method has become an University research projects; and, to carry out indispensable tool of investigation in many different this function, to create an operating survey fields, for example, the social sciences, education, organization with facilities for maintaining and agriculture. Knowledge of the use of this tool, and interviewing probability samples of the its necessary facilities, are essential if population of the State of Illinois, undergraduate and graduate students in these fields are to receive a well-rounded education. 2. Conduct and promote research in survey Indeed, to large numbers of these students, training methods, in the use of the survey method is fundamental to 3. Provide a means for training undergraduate and their preparation for active careers. Moreover, a graduate students in survey methods, survey laboratory is an invaluable research tool, serving on the one hand to facilitate the large 4. Act as a data repository for survey and other number of University projects which entail its use, data on the State of Illinois. and on the other hand, to promote research both on substantive questions and on questions of survey No such laboratory presently exists for the State of methodology. Illinois although similar facilities are in existence at the Universities of Michigan and Wisconsin. While Despite the use of survey methods on various such facilities are relatively few, many basic needs research projects, the University of Illinois possesses of social science research require the establishment no central laboratory for planning survey of such a laboratory at this time by the University

1964–2004 53 of Illinois. Such a step also would serve to place it qualified members of the University community among the leaders in empirical research in the social with whom to consult on the planning and sciences. conduct of such activities. A primary function of the survey laboratory will be to set up an ongoing organization to ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE maintain master samples of the population of the state and to have on hand a trained staff for The Survey Research Laboratory will have a conducting and processing interviews obtained director and an executive committee of nine on a state-wide basis. One master sample will members. The executive committee will consist of consist of a list of several thousand dwelling Laboratory staff members and of faculty members units scattered over the state and selected by from departments who use SRL facilities for their statistical probability methods. The availability research activities. of such master samples and the associated maps This Executive Committee will determine all and detailed population statistics for various matters of internal policy of the Laboratory and local areas will make possible very quick and will approve all individual research projects to be economical selection of representative samples undertaken and major services to be rendered by it. for particular studies, while the availability of a The Survey Research Laboratory will be trained interviewing staff in the same locations organized in the following sections: (1) Sampling serves to expedite data collection, usually at Design, this section to be responsible for the costs far below those that would otherwise be creation and maintenance of the master sample of incurred. the population of the State of Illinois and such other In making its organization and facilities samples as may from time to time be needed; (2) available to graduate students and faculty Field Operations, this section to be responsible for members, the Survey Research Laboratory interviewing and the collection of data; (3) Data would in general offer cooperation along the Coding and processing, this section to be following lines: responsible for refining the raw data to whatever a. Advice and consultation on survey degree and by whatever means may be appropriate problems. for individual projects; and (4) Data Repository, this section to serve essentially as a library of research b. Release of existing, or the collection of survey data produced by the Laboratory and specific, data for use by graduate students obtained from other sources. or faculty members, but without becoming involved in the use of the data to any greater extent than does a library when OBJECTIVES OF THE SURVEY RESEARCH LABORATORY used as a source of data. c. Joint projects involving both the staff of the 1. An operating survey organization. The laboratory and graduate students or faculty existence of a survey laboratory would greatly members. facilitate the conduct of present research on a more efficient basis and would stimulate the d. Projects which are planned, executed and development of new research both with regard published by the staff of the laboratory. to substantive problems and to survey methods. The greater efficiency of a centralized operation As a result, faculty members undertaking stems from the fact that the principal costs of a survey operations will be able to make use of survey operation are selecting the sample, this operation and will not have to undertake interviewing the sample members, coding and survey operations on their own. Even if a processing the data. At the present time, these scholar decides to carry out his own survey steps have to be carried out separately for each operations, he would be able to use the project—a very time-consuming and costly technical advice of the laboratory staff in duplication of effort. Moreover, such surveys considering problems of interviewer training cannot always be designed to best advantage and field control, sampling, questionnaire because of the difficulty in finding available and design, and data processing.

54 Forty-Year History of the Survey Research Laboratory 2. Flexibility of survey research. One of the adaptation of sampling plans to particular continuing problems in the operation of survey research interests; in data processing, he research laboratories on other campuses has would learn the problems involved in been the tendency for the survey staff to select coding interviews and preparing them for a particular research design and rigidly adhere machine processing. The survey laboratory to it. This rigidity has meant a decline in the will attempt especially to promote rotation responsiveness of the facility to the faculty, of graduate students on these tasks and will many of whom encounter complex sampling and show the student how the technical field design problems in the course of their operations are related to broader research research. A survey research laboratory objectives. maximally responsive to the legitimate research b. Graduate students working under faculty interests of the faculty must be willing to adapt members in the carrying out of dissertation itself to a wide array of research designs. The projects can employ the survey laboratory as experience of other survey facilities has shown a research tool. that if they are compelled to pay their own way through outside grants, they will specialize in c. Members of the survey laboratory would one kind of survey research which they can offer departmental courses drawing upon carry out with maximum efficiency. Stabilization the resources of the survey laboratory. of the facility in this fashion means a loss of flexibility and, thus, reduced access to members 4. Data Repository. Such a repository would of the faculty. develop an inventory of data based on studies done by members of our own University; The proposed organization and financing of the maintain an aggregate data collection on Illinois laboratory tries to avoid these problems. Thus, using the U.S. Census Bureau and other the laboratory, in response to faculty demand, governmental data; and develop information on would be in a unique position to extend survey the activities of other survey research centers. design to new areas. Attention to problems of Thus, an individual starting a research activity survey design would fill a major gap in social could use the data repository information files science research, for despite the widespread use for locating data or ongoing survey research. of the survey method in many fields, little The proposed data repository will improve the research is being done on the survey method research effectiveness of the University itself. community in stimulating analyses of already gathered information by graduate students and Training of Students. 3. The laboratory would be faculty and will be valuable for conducting organized to maximize its value in educating graduate training in such analyses. graduate and undergraduate students. At the graduate level in particular, students generally learn most through projects promoting In recent years these repository needs have interaction with faculty members. The survey been recognized by the establishment of data laboratory would contribute in at least three repositories in the Inter-University Consortium ways to increasing the efficiency of this for Political Research at the University of interaction. Michigan, the Yale Political Behavior Program, the Political Sociology program at the a. Students will be given the opportunity to University of California at Berkeley, the work on all the different aspects of survey Legislative Behavior Program at the University work. They would operate under general of Indiana, and the Roper Center for Public faculty supervision and would be involved Opinion Research at Williams College. It is not closely with the operational phases of proposed that the University of Illinois ongoing survey research. Thus, in duplicate existing programs. Rather, the connection with field operations, University of Illinois will develop a data opportunities would be provided to engage repository using the state as the basic in interviewing and interview control; in organizational base and, second, develop a sampling the student would learn the structure for coordinating its activities with mechanics of sample selection and the

1964–2004 55 those of other University and commercial data 5. Attitudes towards church-state, civil rights, and repositories. civil liberty problems. 6. Extent of dating, going steady, and intermarriage among various religious groups. ILLUSTRATIVE USES OF THE SURVEY RESEARCH LABORATORY 7. The degree to which the adherents of the various religious groupings conceive of the The following brief examples illustrate the ways existence of a conflict between science and their in which the Survey Research Laboratory would religion. facilitate the conduct of a survey. These data would give the detailed picture which we now lack of religious life and permit Study of Religious Behavior and Beliefs cross-comparisons among religious groups. Secondly, the data would permit an investigation of It is the policy of the Bureau of the Census not religious liberals and other religiously active people to ask questions on religious preference, behavior, who have rejected or have strong doubts about or beliefs in our decennial censuses. This policy traditional religious beliefs. Previous research on leaves the study of religion in the United States, religion has ignored the growing importance of even in its demographic and social status aspects, in nonsupernaturalists within our society and, large part to university-based social scientists. The thereby, failed to confront an important new social study of numerically large social groups, such as phenomenon. Furthermore, such basic questions as our religious communities, can best be done by use the role of religious institutions in a mature of the sample survey. Furthermore, such a sample industrial society and the association between survey must cover meaningfully large sample sizes religious outlook and interest in and acceptance of and universes of the major religious groups. science, technology, and the industrial system could be explored. Despite a fair number of small-scale, insightful studies of localized religious groupings and communities, many major and basic questions Study of Presidential Nominations concerning religious life in the United States cannot be answered. A survey research laboratory If the laboratory were in operation in the fall of covering the state of Illinois would permit a proper 1964, the following project would have been picture of the religious behavior and beliefs of the proposed. It will be proposed for the 1968 major Protestant and Jewish denominations and the presidential election. major Catholic ethnic groups to be obtained and compared. Specifically, the following areas could be One of the most important problems in the explored: selection of a president has never been studied in a systematic fashion with the use of the survey 1. The actual frequency and manner with which instrument—the nomination processes in the two the members of our religious groupings major parties. What kind of psychological, social, celebrate their sabbath and yearly festivals and political mechanisms operate to select from a together with the amount of home religious large number of aspirants for presidential office the observances such as Bible reading and praying. small number who are realistic possibilities by 2. The amount and kind of religious training by convention time? The process is quite simple for the adults, and the type of religious training they incumbent president. If he wants to run for a are giving their children. second term, the nomination is his. But the problem is complex where there is no salient solution. 3. Reactions to and interpretation of traditional beliefs, and what respondents regard as the The research design would have the following important tasks for church and clergy. components. In September prior to the conventions 4. The degree of religious self-segregation in a panel of individuals would be selected from four groups in the state—state and national party contrast to occupation and educational self- leaders in Illinois, county party leaders, party segregation found in Illinois. leaders in metropolitan areas, and voters. Each

56 Forty-Year History of the Survey Research Laboratory panel would be interviewed four times between September and the conventions the following July or August. The research would focus on the interaction of beliefs, values, and expectations between and within the four groups. For example, what is the effect of a party leader’s perception of voter support for candidate X on his decision to support or not support candidate X? How do party leaders on each level—state and national, county, and metropolitan—perceive the support of other party leaders for potential nominees? How does this affect their decisions to support a particular candidate?

Study of Job Vacancies

An example of the manner in which the Survey Research Laboratory might be used as applied to economic and business problems is in exploring the feasibility of collecting data on job vacancies from business firms. Data of this type are badly needed for occupational guidance as well as for economic analysis. Thus, such data could indicate the geographic areas and types of positions for which people are not available. The same data used in conjunction with other information on labor conditions would throw light on the extent to which disequilibrium exists in the various labor markets and would provide a much better basis for evaluating the prospects of attaining full employment. Data on job vacancies must come from employers, and have to be collected as part of a survey operation. With the facilities of the Survey Research Laboratory, a representative sample of business firms throughout the state could be selected. Utilizing the field staff of the Laboratory, a program of continuing interviews would be launched. Each firm might be interviewed once a month to ascertain first, how many and what type of job vacancies exist in the firm, and second, the actions being taken to fill these vacancies. In the following month, the same type of data would be sought once more, with supplementary information on the effectiveness during the past month of the measures taken by the firm to fill these vacancies. This sort of an approach would provide currently unavailable information on the scope and nature of job vacancies and of the effectiveness of various measures of dealing with the problem.

1964–2004 57 58 Forty-Year History of the Survey Research Laboratory Appendix B Minutes of the Board of Trustees Meeting of June 17, 1964, Approving the Establishment of SRL

Establishment of a Survey Research Laboratory Wisconsin, but there is none at present in the state of Illinois. (18) The Acting Dean of the Graduate College The operations of the Survey Research Labora- recommends that a Survey Research Laboratory be tory will be conducted by faculty members who established by the University of Illinois as a hold departmental appointments. Primary adminis- separate unit of the Graduate College. The trative responsibility will rest with a Director and functions of the Survey Research Laboratory will be an Executive Committee. The Executive Committee to: (1) plan, conduct, and process survey operations will consist of those faculty members directly for University research projects; and, to carry out responsible for the major sections of the Laboratory this function, to create an operating survey (sampling, field operations, coding, and data organization with facilities for maintaining and storage), together with additional appointees from interviewing probability samples of the population the faculties of the various departments of the of the state of Illinois; (2) conduct and promote University of Illinois most dependent upon the research in survey methods; (3) provide a means for facilities of the Laboratory for their research activi- training undergraduate and graduate students in ties. These additional faculty appointees will be survey methods; and (4) act as a data repository for named by the Dean of the Graduate College on survey and other data on the state of Illinois. recommendation of their department heads. The Such a laboratory will serve to coordinate and Director will be appointed biennially by the Board facilitate the large number of University projects of Trustees on recommendation of the President, which currently use survey methods and will after nomination by the Dean of the Graduate promote research on questions which can only be College with the concurrence of the Executive answered through the use of surveys. Its need Committee of the Laboratory. The Director of the stems from the growing use of the survey method Laboratory will serve as a member of the Executive as a tool of investigation employed in many Committee. different areas of the University. Knowledge of the It is intended that the groundwork of the use of this tool and of the associated facilities has Laboratory will be laid during the forthcoming become essential if undergraduate and graduate summer and academic year. During this period, a students in most of the social sciences and related so-called master sample of the population of Illinois applied fields are to receive a well-rounded will be developed and field force of interviewers education. will be established and trained in all areas encom- Until now, the University has possessed no passed by the master sample. During this same central laboratory for maintaining survey period, plans would be completed for a perpetual operations, for collecting survey data, or for storing data repository. Such repository would seek to research data in a form readily available to faculty develop an inventory of data needed in studies members and students. This type of laboratory carried out by University faculty, and would exists at the Universities of Michigan and maintain data relating to the business conditions and welfare of the State of Illinois.

1964–2004 59 A major function of the Laboratory will be to educate graduate and undergraduate students in survey techniques. Students will be given an opportunity to work under general faculty supervision and will be involved closely with the operational phases of a survey project. In addition, graduate students will be able to carry out dissertation projects using the resources of the Survey Research Laboratory. Faculty members will offer departmental courses drawing upon the resources of the Laboratory. It is anticipated that the Survey Research Laboratory will be ready for regular operations by September, 1965. This proposal has been approved by the Executive Committee of the Graduate College, the University Research Board, and the Executive Vice- President and Provost. I concur. On motion of Mr. Jones, this recommendation was approved.

60 Forty-Year History of the Survey Research Laboratory Appendix C SRL Study Summaries

001. Religious Living United States on their education, experience, salary, and Personal interviews with Jewish families in Chicago other characteristics, as well as their attitudes toward the Jewish community on their religious education, behavior, new library technology. Completed in May 1966. attitudes, and institutions for Bernard Lazerwitz, UIUC. Publications 607, 836. This project was completed in September 1966. 007. Rural Industrial Development Project 002. Mental Health Study Personal interviews with 1,138 citizens of Putnam and Personal interviews with adults in Macon County Iroquois Counties, Illinois, on the social, cultural, (Decatur, IL) on the effects of a new community mental political, and other effects of establishing a large health program on mental patient care in that County; industrial plan in the rural agricultural town of done for Merlin Taber, Jane Addams Graduate School of Hennepin, Illinois. Completed January 1967. Principal Social Work, UIUC. Ended in August 1966. Investigator: Gene Summers (Department of Sociology, UIUC). Publications 52, 53, 217, 218, 219, 220, 788, 849, 003. Retirement Housing 851, 852, 853, 872, 1039,1040, 1041, 1042, 1043, 1044, Mail survey of retired and near-retired staff of the UI 1045, 1046, 1047, 1048, 1049, 1050, 1051, 1052, 1053, living in Champaign-Urbana on the adequacy of their 1054, 1055, 1056, 1057, 1058, 1129. present housing and their interest in possible university- provided housing, done for the Committee on Housing 008. Social Survey Sample for Retired Members of the Staff, UIUC. This study was canceled.

004. College Attendance & Preferences of Chicago Area Youth 009. Measurement of Negro-White Response to “Integrated” Personal interviews with families in the Chicago SMSA Advertising Stimuli to determine how many 14–22 year old Chicago youth, Personal interviews with 122 African Americans and 123 from different family backgrounds, attend or plan to Whites in Chicago on their reactions to racially attend colleges both within and outside of Illinois; done integrated advertisements. Principal Investigator: Arnold for Executive Vice President and Provost Lyle Lanier. Barban (Department of Advertising, UIUC). Publication 50.

005. Food Purchasing Habits 010. Need for Senior College in Springfield Personal interview survey of 194 young families with Mail, telephone, and personal interviews with 551 preschool children in Champaign County on their food government employees’ families, 180 public school purchasing practices and the nutritional implications of teachers, 163 Springfield Junior College sophomores, and these practices for the entire family. Completed August 372 Sangamon County high school graduates to 1966. Principal Investigator: Glenna Lampkin (Department determine the need for a state senior college in of Home Economics, UIUC). Springfield; done for George Hoffman, Chair, Springfield Committee for Higher Education. Completed March 1967. 006. Characteristics of Professional Personnel in College & University Libraries 011. Shipping Fever in Cattle Mail survey conducted for the Library Research Center, Data processing and analysis of a mail survey with 129 UIUC, of 2,282 academic librarians throughout the cattle buyers in Illinois to determine conditions

1964–2004 61 associated with acute respiratory disease in beef calves. 225 citizens of Elk Grove, Illinois, on their leisure Completed May 1967. Principal Investigator: George behavior, attitudes, and opinions of recreation facilities Woods (College of Veterinary Medicine, UIUC). in the area; done for George Lowrey, Department of Recreation, UIUC. 012. Secondary Wood-Using Industries 1968 mail survey of 191 secondary wood-using firms in 019. Water-Based Recreation in Central Illinois Illinois on various industry problems and on the amount Mail survey of families in 24 Central Illinois counties on and kinds of wood used by industries in Illinois their water recreation practices during the summer of (especially wood purchased out of state). Principal 1967 to determine their use of water recreation facilities Investigator: I. Irving Holland (Department of Forestry, and the need for such future recreation areas; done for UIUC). Lawrence Gahan, Department of Recreation, UIUC. Completed April 1968. 013. Dental Clinic Patients Data processing of IBM cards on patient records for 1963 020. Study of Urban Housing, Chicago (see Study 070) and 1965 at the University of Illinois College of Dentistry Personal interviews with 1,534 families in Chicago on their behavioral characteristics and their attitudes representing all racial, ethnic and economic groups in the toward the treatment they received at the dental clinic. city on their present housing, their satisfaction with it, Completed August 1967. Principal Investigator: Donald their attitudes toward racially mixed neighborhoods, and McElroy (Department of Oral Diagnosis, UIMC). their plans to remain in the city; done for the Department of Development and Planning, City of Chicago. 014. Health Care in Illinois Mail and personal interviews with three samples totaling 021. Lake Forest (Illinois) Recreation 4,973 persons in Illinois on health care practices in the Data processing of survey of 750 Lake Forest, Illinois, state, done for the Illinois Board of Higher Education. residents to determine current use of and satisfaction Sampled (a) general population, (b) physicians, dentists, with recreation facilities in the area; done for Alan public health officials, and other medical professionals, McCaskey, Department of Recreation, UIUC. and (c) local leaders in government, business, labor, education, religion, and other fields. These studies were 022. Educational Evalauation of Pupils with Identified Hearing concerned with what medical educational facilities and Loss programs were needed in Illinois and were completed in Data processing of evaluation of 48 students with May 1968. Publications 399, 400. identified hearing loss made from questionnaires circulated by Office of Superintendent of Public 015. Young Deaf in Illinois Instruction in Springfield, Illinois, to teachers in Elgin Mail survey and personal interviews with young deaf who had students with impaired hearing; done for Hazel adults in Illinois who terminated special classes for the Bothwell, Springfield Office of Special Education, and deaf within the past 10 years to determine relationship completed February 1968. between social, marital, and occupational adjustment and type of school attended; done for Stephen Quigley, 023. Omnibus Survey I Institute for Research on Exceptional Children, UIUC. A statewide personal interview survey of 2,012 Illinois Completed in August 1969. Publication 779. residents, involving 15 joint clients, with questions pooled into one questionnaire. The study dealt with the 016. Tax Reporting Practices of Conglomerates following topics: schools and education, public libraries, Data processing of about 300 mail questionnaires from public housing, constitutional convention, State conglomerate corporations on their account reporting Resources Bond Issue of 1970, driving and automobile practices for tax information to the government. insurance, legal status of illegitimate children, civil rights Completed December 1968. Principal Investigator: Robert attitudes, occupational status and training, and property Mautz (Department of Accounting, UIUC). and real estate taxes. Completed December 1968. Publications 637, 707, 708. 017. Moonlighting in the Armed Forces Data processing of Department of Defense mail 024. Revision of Illinois Master Sample questionnaires from a 1965 survey on the extent of moonlighting (holding a second job) in the armed forces; 025. Entering Freshmen in Illinois Colleges & Universities done for Harold Guthrie, Bureau of Economic and Data processing of a study of 6,073 entering freshmen Business Research, UIUC. from 19 Illinois universities to determine their characteristics and background, as well as what factors 018. Elk Grove Village, Illinois Recreation influenced them to go to college; done for Keith Smith, Data processing of about 700 questionnaires and a State Board of Higher Education, Springfield. Completed telephone nonrespondent follow-up survey with about March 1969.

62 Forty-Year History of the Survey Research Laboratory 026. Imitation Milk Study 032. Water Quality Criteria On-the-spot interviews with 302 persons in seven Eisner 1969 survey in six Illinois counties to determine the types food stores in Decatur and Champaign-Urbana, Illinois, and amount of water pollution that affect the use of water to determine their reactions to imitation milk, the reasons for recreation. On-site interviews with 608 persons, and they buy it, the uses made of it, and whether it replaces at-home interviews with an additional 129. Principal their regular milk purchases. Principal Investigator: John Investigator: John O’Connor (Department of Civil Hetrick (Department of Food Sciences, UIUC). Engineering, UIUC).

027. Urbana-Champaign Campus Transportation & Parking 033. Commuter Space Survey 1969 mail survey of 5,271 faculty and staff at the UI to Mail survey of 1,030 undergraduates at UICC on how determine how they get to work each day, as well as their they presently use available space on campus and what reactions to various alternative transportation and their space needs are; done for Roger Little, Department parking arrangements; done for William Kappauf, of Sociology, UICC. Campus Transportation and Traffic Committee, UIUC. 034. Omnibus II 028. Census of Black Persons in Champaign-Urbana Personal interviews with 3,244 out of an estimated 3,669 035. Alternate Degrees in Chemistry African-American persons in Champaign-Urbana to Mail survey of 85 Chemistry department heads in Illinois obtain information on their employment status and colleges and universities on their reactions to an alternate aspirations, with special emphasis on the university and degree program in Chemistry emphasizing teaching craft unions’ apprentice and training programs; done for rather than research; done for Gilbert Haight, director of William Williams, Office of the President, UIUC. General Chemistry Program, UIUC.

029. Current Approaches to Diagnosis& Treatment of 036. Occupational Mobility Temporomandibular Joint Problems by Physicians & Personal interviews with 397 males in Chicago to study Dentists similarities and differences in the labor mobility of Data processing in 1969 of a mail survey of about 1,200 workers in the United States with a comparable study dentists and medical specialists in Illinois on their made earlier in Japan. SRL conducted the U.S. study only. treatment of temporomandibular joint problems. Principal Principal Investigator: Joseph Gusfield (Department of Investigator: Charles Greene (College of Dentistry, UIMC). Sociology, UIUC). Publication 446. 037. Faculty Self-Evaluation 030. Panel on Consumer Decision Processes (see also 078, 145) Data processing and analysis of 1,691 mail Panel survey starting with 311 young couples married in questionnaires from UIUC faculty on their satisfaction the summer of 1968, with waves about every six months. with the university; done for William McClure, Bureau of Personal or telephone interviews or mail questionnaires Educational Research, UIUC. Completed December 1969. covered the interrelationship among attitudes, product awareness, media exposure, socioeconomic 038. Public Housing characteristics, and changes in personal circumstances Personal interviews with 915 residents of public housing in terms of consumer selection of durable goods; done for developments in Chicago on their perceptions and needs Robert Ferber, Survey Research Laboratory, UI, and in terms of such housing; for Welfare Council of Francesco Nicosia, University of California at Berkeley. Metropolitan Chicago. Publication 19. Wave 1: 311 interviews; Wave 2: 286; Wave 3: 259; Wave 4: 253; Wave 5: 237; Wave 6: 224; Wave 7: 227; Wave 8: 039. BLS Pilot Study of Consumer Expenditures (see also 048) 225; Wave 9: 224; Wave 10: 220; Wave 11: 221; Wave 12: A pilot panel survey of 574 personal interviews with 215; Wave 13: 207; Wave 15: 201; Wave 15: 210; Wave 17: residents of Springfield and Rock Island/Moline, Illinois, 206; Wave 18: 209. Final wave conducted in spring 1981. using a diary record to test and develop the Publications 295, 299, 302, 304, 308, 350, 358, 386, 387, recordkeeping forms for the BLS forthcoming national 388, 389, 390, 391, 393, 408, 409, 410, 456, 610, 706, 1022. survey of consumer expenditures, income, and savings planned for 1971–72; done for U.S. Bureau of Labor 031. Dental Clinic Patient Study Statistics. Principal Investigators: Seymour Sudman and Telephone interviews with 363 dental patients at the Robert Ferber (SRL). Publications 1018, 1019. College of Dentistry, University of Illinois, on their reactions to the dental clinic’s services, from where they 040. Faculty Center (Urbana) come, and demographic information. Done for Lawrence Mail survey in 1969 of 2,088 faculty and nonacademic Cohen, College of Dentistry, UIMC. staff at UIUC to determine their views and support of a proposed faculty center for that campus; done for Peter Yankwich, Department of Chemistry, UIUC.

1964–2004 63 041. Nursing Home Patients expenditures now obtained by annual recall by BLS; Data processing of 23,872 questionnaires from a census done for U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Study involved of nursing home patients in Chicago on their attitudes validation with retail establishments. Principal toward the facilities; done for Hiram Sibley, Hospital Investigators: Seymour Sudman and Robert Ferber (SRL). Planning Council for Metropolitan Chicago. Completed November 1969. Publication 1018.

042. Sangamon County Land Use Data 049. Black/White Housing Conditions Keypunching and verification of questionnaires on land Personal interviews with 437 African-American and 265 use data for Sangamon County; done for Bradley Taylor, White residents of Champaign-Urbana, Illinois, and its Executive Director, Sangamon County Regional Planning adjoining areas on the condition and economic status of Commission. Involved approximately 50,000 cards. African-American households in comparison with households in comparable white areas. Principal 043. Mini-Omnibus I Investigator: Paul Doebel (UIUC). Combined statewide probability telephone survey of 819 persons on their use of legal services within the past 10 050. Market Potential for Bark & Wood Residues years and their attitudes toward the proposed An extended mail survey of primary and secondary Constitutional Convention for Illinois and laws, wood-using industries in Illinois (excluding construction including tax reforms, for the state; done for Richard but including furniture) on secondary wood residues. Arnould and Robert Corley, Department of Business Done for I. Irving Holland, Department of Forestry, UIUC. Administration, and Joseph Pisciotte, Department of Completed August 1972. Political Science, UIUC; 603 interviews for both questions, 216 for legal questions only. Completed 051. Hearing Problems of the Aged December 1969. Personal interviews sought with 280 persons, 60 or above, with SRL-administered hearing screening tests; 044. Mutual Funds done for Samuel Peskin, Chicago Hearing Society. Keypunching and programming for data from mail Detected possible hearing problems to be forwarded to questionnaires from 75 life insurance companies; done the Chicago Hearing Society for further testing. for James Gentry and Chalres Linke, Department of Finance, UIUC. 052. Intergenerational Economic Relationships Personal interviews sought with 1,600 persons in 045. Faculty Benefits Program Chicago and Jackson County, Illinois. This sample A ballot-type mail survey of 728 UI academic staff on the included African-American and White families above Chicago Circle campus on their attitudes toward the and below the poverty level, as well as a derived sample present faculty benefits program and certain possible of their parents and adult siblings. Study concerned the changes in that program; done for Faculty Benefits social and economic background of all respondents. Committee, UICC. Completed November 1969. Principal Investigator: Harold Guthrie (Urban Institute). Completed December 1971. 046. Urbana Campus in 1980 Mail survey of 1,241 academic staff at UIUC on their 053. Chicago Housing Vacancy opinions of the “look” of the campus in 1980; done for Personal interviews with 13,259 Chicago residents on Urbana Long-Range Planning Committee, Office of the condition of housing and housing vacancies that exist in Chancellor, UIUC. Completed in November 1969. that city; done for Department of Development and Planning, City of Chicago. Completed December 1971. 047. Black/White Subjective Culture Exploratory content analysis of representative current 054. Public Perceptions of Agnew’s 11/13/69 Speech on the African-American literature in popular fiction magazines Media to identify significant conflict roles and issues bearing on Telephone interviews with 569 Chicago and suburban the question of African American/White subjective residents on their perceptions and attitudes toward this cultures. Principal Investigator: Harry Triandis (Center for speech and other issues of public concern. Principal International Studies, UIUC). Publication 1063. Investigator: Mildred Schwartz (Department of Sociology, UIUC). 048. BLS Recall of Summer Expenditures (see also 039) Additional research, using 400 personal interviews, in 055. Atlanta Racial Attitudes conjunction with Study 039, in Springfield and Decatur, Data processing of 350 questionnaires on racial attitudes Illinois, especially (a) the exploration of the optimum in Atlanta, Georgia. Principal Investigator: Anthony Orum recall period for certain kinds of major and recurrent (Department of Sociology, UIUC). expenditures, and (b) the exploration of the possibility of curtailing the questioning for certain kinds of

64 Forty-Year History of the Survey Research Laboratory 056. Attitudes Toward Campus Health Service (Urbana) Principal Investigator: Arnold Barban (Department of This 1970 study consisted of (a) a mail survey of 500 Advertising, UIUC). Publication 51. UIUC students and (b) a questionnaire distributed by nurses onsite at the Health Service to another 1,000 064. Model Cities (see also 264) students using the service; done for Laurence Hursh, Model Cities was a personal interview survey of University Health Service, UIUC. residents of the four Model Cities Areas in Chicago to detemine attitudes toward housing and neighborhoods 057. Changing Social Mores and also awareness of the Model Cities Program. Done Survey sought about 240 personal interviews with 40 for the Department of Development and Planning, City of families, involving three generations of each family, in the Chicago and completed in July 1970. Chicago area, on their attitudes toward social and cultural mores. Principal Investigator: Charles Osgood, 065. Pilot Study of Student Economics (Institute of Communications Research, UIUC). 1970 mail survey of 124 Urbana campus students, 61 Completed December 1971. Chicago Circle students, and 73 Medical Center students to obtain data on student income and expenditures; done 058. Married Students Housing for Eugene Oliver, University Office of School and College Mail survey of 722 married university students in Relations. Champaign-Urbana to evaluate their housing conditions for the purpose of ascertaining future housing needs; 066. Blue Cross-Blue Shield done for the Real Estate Research Corporation. Sample selection of 750 housing units in each of four Model Cities areas in Chicago, using the listing for study 059. Auto Accident Victims in Illinois 064; done for R. R. Watson, Manager of Marketing Mail and telephone survey of 395 adult auto accident Research, Blue Cross-Blue Shield. Completed April 1971. victims in Illinois who received insurance settlements of $100 or more to determine their satisfaction with the 067. Data Archives Survey method of payment. Completed in July 1970. Principal Mail questionnaire to 107 faculty in the social sciences at Investigators: Jeffrey O’Connell (College of Law, UIUC) the Chicago Circle campus to evaluate the need and and Rita Simon (Department of Sociology, UIUC). potential use of a data archive at Chicago Circle; done for Publication 707. Behavioral Sciences Building Facilities Committee, Subcommittee on Data Archives, UIUC. Completed 060. Handicapped Children February 1971. In 1970, SRL provided a pre-interviewed control sample of 50 families for comparison to an existing sample of 100 068. Recreation Facilities (see also 088, 112, 114, 134) families of handicapped children. SRL developed the 1970 telephone survey of 1,499 adults in Illinois, questionnaire and screened the sample. Principal including 150 adults who hunt, to determine how parks Investigator: Aubrey Ruess (Center for Handicapped and recreation facilities in Illinois can be improved; done Children, UIMC). for Jerry Van Meter, UIUC Department of Recreation and Park Administration and Illinois Department of 061. Sociology Practicum (Chicago Circle) Conservation. Personal interview study done in 1970 primarily by the graduate sociology students in Sociology 400, 401, 402; 069. Attitudes of Teaching Assistants done for William Erbe, Department of Sociology, UICC. Mail survey conducted in 1970 of teaching assistants in The sample was 1,400 adults in Chicago and the suburbs. the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Urbana campus, The questionnaire dealt with the individual’s social to ascertain how teaching assistants feel about their interactions. position and responsibilties and how they feel their job could be improved; done for J.H.D. Allen, Chair, Teaching 062. Personnel Managers in Illinois Assistants Study Committee, UIUC. Mail survey conducted in 1970 with telephone follow- ups of 200 Illinois manufacturing firms to determine 070. Special Tabulations for Study 020 personnel practices and the effects of civil rights Special tabulations of data from Study 020 for the City of legislation on testing. Principal Investigator: K. M. Chicago; done for the Department of Development and Rowland (Department of Business Administration, Planning, City of Chicago. UIUC). 071. Physical Education Study 063. Consumer/Product Interaction Mail survey conducted in 1970 of 242 elementary school Personal interviews of 500 households in Chicago SMSA district supervisors, high school administrators, and to measure meaning of product and brand use, media athletic directors to study employment of physical exposure, and store choices of Chicago consumers. education teachers in the Chicago metropolitan area,

1964–2004 65 excluding the City of Chicago, for the purpose of done for David Lager, Bureau of Urban and Regional planning better programs at the School of Physical Planning Research, UIUC. Education at the Circle Campus; done for School of Physical Education, UIUC. 080. Interpreters for the Deaf Evaluation SRL constructed a list of interpreters for the deaf in 072. Committee on Graduate Programs Illinois; a mail questionnaire ascertained their Mail survey of UIUC College of Commerce faculty to backgrounds and qualifications. Principal Investigator: determine the direction and focus of Commerce graduate Stephen Quigley (Institute for Research on Exceptional programs; done for John Due, Graduate Study Children, UIUC). Committee, College of Commerce and Business Administration, UIUC. 081. South Holland School Integration Study Telephone and personal interview survey to determine 073. Police Training Institute the attitudes of the South Holland community toward Data reduction and processing for survey examining the various degrees of integration; done for Thomas Van need for additional police training facilities in the Dam, South Holland School District. Completed northeastern section of Illinois, done for Charles Taylor, December 1970. Director, Police Training Institute, UIUC. Completed August 1970. 082. Sociology Practicum, Urbana Assistance in the planning and conducting of a course 074. Worker Attitudes in National Labor Relations Board with regard to sampling methods, questionnaire Elections preparation, data collection, data reduction, and Series of personal and telephone interview surveys to processing. Publications 230, 740, 742, 742, 743. determine the effects of employer and union speeches or conduct on respondents’ voting behavior in an NLRB 083. Neighborhood Youth Corps election campaign. Principal Investigators: Stephen On behalf of the Champaign County Neighborhood Goldberg (College of Law, UIUC) and Julius Getman Youth Corps, SRL provided assistance in a survey of 306 (College of Law, Indiana University). Publication 462. junior high and high school students to determine the success of the 1970 Neighborhood Youth Corps Program 075. Entering Freshman in reaching and preventing potential high school A three-wave mail survey with telephone follow-ups of dropouts. Sponsor discontinued project in spring 1971 1,300 entering freshmen at the Urbana campus and 700 before analysis was completed. at Chicago Circle to examine changes in attitudes and behavior during their first year of college; done for Alan 084. Graduate Student Resource Use Berger and William Simon, Institute for Juvenile Survey of 3,180 Urbana graduate students on their use of Research, State of Illinois. university facilities; done for John Chaney, Office of Administrative Data Processing, UIUC in 1971. Diary 076. Hospital Planning Council forms were used to collect data. Sampling selection for survey of community attitudes toward housing and other city conditions in two areas of 085. Scheduled Classes the City of Chicago; done for Pierre deVise, Hospital On behalf of the Office of the Chancellor, UIUC, SRL Planning Council of Chicago. monitored UIUC classes to determine the extent to which classes are held prior to vacation. 077. Outdoor Recreation Attitude Panel Two-stage panel telephone survey of 200 adults in 086. Recreation Expenditures Illinois to develop a standardized instrument for Telephone survey conducted in 1971 of 434 residents in measuring attitudes toward outdoor recreation; done for selected Illinois cities to estimate how much is spent for Allen Sapora, Department of Recreation and Park outdoor recreation and on what types of things money is Administration, UIUC. Completed October 1970. spent; done for Alan Caskey, Department of Recreation, UIUC. 078. Consumer Panel Analysis (see also 030, etc.) Tabulations and analysis of saving and expenditure 087. Urbana Department Long Range Planning from consumer decision panel of young married couples Mail questionnaire survey of 150 department heads at in Peoria and Decatur; for Robert Ferber and Francesco the Urbana campus to determine future needs in terms of Nicosia. Completed September 1970. staff, equipment, and space; done for Anthony Graziano, Assistant Vice Chancellor for Academic Affairs, UIUC. 079. Local Zoning Study Completed June 1971. Data reduction and processing of interviews for a study that examined the problems of local zoning committees;

66 Forty-Year History of the Survey Research Laboratory 088. Recreation Long-Range Planning (see also 068, 112, 114, 097. Closed Circuit TV in Detention Facilities 134) Questionnaire design and data reduction and processing Statewide telephone survey of 1,635 Illinois residents to for a study to evaluate the use of closed circuit TV in ascertain their attitudes toward parks and other outdoor detentional facilities; done for Fred Moyer, Department of recreation facilities in Illinois; done for Jerry Van Meter, Architecture, UIUC. Department of Recreation and Park Administration, UIUC. Completed 1972. 098. Study of the Uses & Needs of Illini Union Facilities & Services 089. Student Drug Use Telephone survey of 202 faculty and 336 students to In 1971, to investigate the extent of drug use by university determine attitudes toward existing Illini Union services students, SRL administered a questionnaire in classroom such as food service, study lounges, and the ticket center settings to 1,625 students at the Chicago Circle and and toward the need, if any, for other types of services; Urbana-Champaign campuses. Principal Investigator: Leo done for Earl Finder, Illini Union, UIUC. Completed Levy (Department of Preventive Medicine, UIMC). August 1971.

090. Economically Disadvantaged Young Adults 099. Rural Planning Personal and telephone survey using a matched sample 1971 mail and personal interview survey of 504 members of hard-core unemployed and working class and middle of rural planning commissions and 350 county officials class African-American and White males and females to determine the effect of local and regional planning representing two age groups to determine differences in commissions in Illinois. Principal Investigator: Norman attitudes toward employment situations and authority Krausz (Department of Agricultural Economics, UIUC). figures. Principal Investigator: Harry Triandis (Department of Psychology, UIUC). 100. Family Size Survey In 1971, SRL conducted telephone interviews with 091. Sociology Practicum III Illinois residents to determine peoples’ attitudes toward Data reduction performed in 1971 for ten self- being taxed to have children and being paid a monthly administered questionnaires constructed by students in payment not to have more than two. Principal the graduate sociology methods course at Chicago Circle. Investigators: Julian Simon (Department of Business Administration, UIUC) and Rita Simon (Department of 092. Rural Participation & Perspectives Sociology, UIUC). Personal interview survey of 322 adults living in rural areas around Quincy, Illinois, to determine political and 101. Housing Research & Development religious beliefs and attitudes of rural residents; done for Assistance in survey design and interviewer training for Frederick Fliegel and John van Es, Departments of a study that examined the housing needs and Agricultural Economics and Sociology, UIUC, in 1971. preferences of residents living hear the proposed East Chicago Heights housing project. Principal Investigator: 093. UIUC Computer Users Study Robert Katz (Department of Architecture, UIUC). 1971 mail survey of 90 heavy users of computers to determine the use of and future needs for computers at 102. Tehran Data UIUC; done for Norton Bedford, Computer Review Data processing for a completed study of social class Committee, UIUC. variables and nutrition in Iran; done for C. Ernest Dawn, Tehran Research Institute, UIUC, in 1971. 094. Corps of Engineers Ten-Year Study Advice on a questionnaire for the U.S. Army 103. Market Segmentation Methodology Construction Engineering Research Laboratory. Sampling, data collection advice, and data reduction on a statewide personal interview survey conducted in 095. Detention Facilities Study Arkansas to collect various types of attitudinal as well as Questionnaire design in 1971 for a survey that took an socioeconomic and utility use data as a basis for inventory of current detention practices for the planning developing improved methods of market segmentation. and design of community correctional centers for adults; Principal Investigator: Jagdish Sheth, Department of done for Fred Moyer, Department of Architecture, UIUC. Business Administration, UIUC.

096. Prefabricated Materials in Military Construction 104. Plans for Study of Prostate Cancer Data reduction and processing for a survey of This work involved design of forms for a study of the manufacturers of prefab construction materials to assess social and behavioral correlates of cancer of the prostate costs and feasibility of using prefabricated materials in gland; done for I.D. Rotkin, Department of Preventive military buildings; done for the U.S. Army Construction Medicine, UIMC. Engineering Research Laboratory. Completed July 1971.

1964–2004 67 105. North Shore Health Care Danville Planning Department, and Vermilion County Duplication of data decks as the first step of a possible Conservation District. later study; done for Robert Lapp, Evanston Hospital. 114. Fish & Wildlife Management Areas (see also 068, 088, 112, 106. Community Attitudes Toward Discipline in Schools 134) Sample selection, questionnaire preparation, and data Telephone survey of 1,506 Illinois adults to determine reduction of a group and individual sample survey in their hunting and fishing activities and their use of person and by mail of parents’, students’, teachers’, and wildlife facilities in the state. Done for Allen Sapora, administrators’ attitudes toward discipline in the Unit 4 Department of Recreation and Park Administration, schools; conducted for Champaign Unit 4 School District UIUC. and completed in September 1971. 115. Hawaii Correctional Facilities, 1971 107. Environmental Quality Tabulations were run by SRL for three surveys conducted SRL reviewed and analyzed surveys/studies undertaken by the National Clearinghouse for Correctional by other organizations on the general subject of the Programming and Architecture, UIUC, that dealt with environment, with particular attention to the question of inventories of correctional facilities, alternatives to solid wastes. Principal Investigator: Frank Beal, Illinois detention, and probation and parole agencies. Institute for Environmental Quality, Chicago. 116. Decatur Water Supply (see also 126) 108. Army Family Housing Preference Study (see also 171) Telephone survey of 200 nonfarmers and 97 farmers in Data reduction and processing of a mail questionnaire the Decatur area to ascertain public opinion about the survey conducted by the U.S. Army Construction purported hazards of chemical fertilizers in their water Engineering Research Laboratory to ascertain family supply. Principal Investigator: John van Es (Department of housing preferences of personnel living at U.S. Army Sociology, UIUC). Completed January 1972. installations. This work was completed June 1972. 117. Public Opinion of Illinois Legislature 109. Landscape Preferences SRL interviewed 400 eligible Illinois voters by phone to Personal interview study, completed in the fall of 1971, of evaluate public attitudes toward and knowledge of the 75 Illinois residents to determine their recreation and state legislature. Principal Investigator: Charles Dunn campsite landscape preferences; done for Allen Sapora (Institute for Government and Public Affairs, UIUC). and E. Glenn Carls, Deparment of Recreation and Park Publications 267, 268. Administration, UIUC. 118. Production & Disposition of Wood Residues by the 110. College Dropouts Secondary Wood-Using Industries in Illinois 1971 mail study of why 1,100 enrolled students in good Mail survey of Illinois secondary wood users to ascertain standing did not appear at the university to attend how Illinois wood-using manufacturers dispose of their classes as scheduled; done for Anthony Graziano, Asst. wood residues. Done for I. Irving Holland, Department of Vice Chancellor for Academic Affairs, UIUC. Forestry, UIUC, and completed June 1973.

111. Champaign Community Racial Attitudes 119. Census Diary Experiments SRL drafted, precoded, and pretested a questionnaire and This 1972 methodological study was conducted for the prepared interviewer training materials for the U.S. Bureau of the Census to test the effectiveness of Champaign Human Relations Commission’s study of different diary procedures for collecting consumer attitudes toward racial issues facing the community. expenditure data including daily telephone calls from an interviewer, weekly diaries maintained by the 112. Recreation Long Range Planning II (see also 068, 088, 114, respondent, remuneration, and government versus 134) university sponsorship. Principal Investigators: Seymour Telephone survey of respondents to Study 088 for the Sudman and Robert Ferber (SRL). Publications 398, 1021. purpose of obtaining regional differences in recreational behavior; done for I. Irving Holland, Department of 120. Manpower in Communications Forestry, UIUC, and completed February 1972. Data reduction completed in 1972 for a study of 250 communication professionals outside of the news media 113. Vermillion County Recreation Study (see also 275) for John Johnstone, Department of Sociology, UICC. Telephone survey of Vermilion County residents to determine attitudes toward and expected use of 121. Army Volunteer Study recreational facilities; completed in February 1972 for the Survey of army personnel living in barracks or BEQs on Vermilion County Regional Planning Commission, six bases to determine what kind of facilities would be conducive to re-enlistment for the purpose of establishing

68 Forty-Year History of the Survey Research Laboratory priorities for the improvement of facilities; done for the professional interests; done for Mary Mather, Division of U.S. Army Construction Engineering Research Home Economics Education, UIUC, in 1972. Laboratory. 130. Needs of the Aged in Chicago 122. Sociology Practicum, Chicago IIIA SRL assisted in the supervision of Spanish-speaking Data reduction for a study conducted by the students in interviewers on the near West Side of Chicago in a study the sociology practicum course. to determine the needs of the aged; done for Richard Moss, Mayor’s Office for Senior Citizens, Chicago. 123. Sociology Practicum, Chicago IIIB SRL performed several services for one phase of the 131. Proprietary Drug Use practicum, including questionnaire typing and 1972 pilot telephone survey of 97 adults in Chicago to duplication, precoding, interviewing, and use of the data determine the extent of abuse/misuse of proprietary archive. drugs. Principal Investigator: Pedro Lecca (College of Pharmacy, UIMC). 124. Environmental Action—Public Officials & Leaders Survey Telephone survey of 774 public officials (mayors, public 132. Toothpaste Study health officers, public works directors, Chamber of Data reduction and processing on a study to discover the Commerce officials, and newspaper editors) in 130 relationship between conceptions of self and others in Illinois communities for the purpose of determining terms of toothpaste used. Principal Investigator: Mary reactions to environmental problems. The mail portions Schlinger (Department of Marketing, UICC). of the survey sent to environmental activists and the mayors in the community were handled by the sponsor, 133. Attitudes Toward Cancer Prevention Andrew Sofranko, Departments of Agricultural Sampling work done only on statewide probability Economics and Sociology, UIUC. Completed June 1972. telephone survey of 2,000 households to determine Publications 84, 85, 877, 878, 879, 880, 889, 896, 1139. peoples’ attitudes on cancer prevention; completed in 1972 for the American Cancer Society. 125. UICC Academic Calendar Preference Mail study of the Chicago Circle faculty and students on 134. Illinois Department of Recreation Users (see also 068, 088, their preferences on different academic calendar systems; 114) done for John Schey, Office of the Senate, UICC in April Data reduction and processing for a follow-up based on and May 1972. Studies 068, 088, and 114 to determine the attitudes of suppliers of Illinois recreation in comparison to 126. Opinions & Activities of Decatur Community Organizations responses of users of these facilities; done for Robert on Environment (see also 116) Ivins, Department of Recreation and Park Telephone study of 210 Decatur members of community Administration, UIUC. organizations as a follow-up to Study 116 to ascertain environmental activities undertaken by the community 135. Methodological Study of Medical Diaries (see also 250) organizations. This study was completed June 1972. Panel study funded by the National Center for Health Principal Investigator: John van Es (Department of Services Research (Dept. of Health, Educ., and Welfare) Agricultural Economics, UIUC). and conducted by Seymour Sudman, Robert Ferber, and Wallace Wilson, SRL, UIUC, to test the effectiveness of 127. Police Attitudes diaries in obtaining information on medical episodes and Data processing for a police attitude study; done for expenditures, conducted over a three-month period with Charles Taylor, Police Training Institute, UIUC. 731 households in Chicago and Marshfield, Wisconsin. Beginning in 1972, five separate collection techniques 128. Citizens’ Attitudes on the Solid Waste Issue were used: (a) an individual interview identical for all Statewide probability telephone survey of 2,436 respondents, (b) a final interview for diary respondents, household units to explore three main topics: citizens’ (c) a monthly ledger diary, (d) a monthly journal diary, awareness of the solid waste problem, involvement or the and (e) a monthly personal interview. Publication 1038. level of services received, and attitudes toward possible solid waste solutions; completed in March 1973. Principal 136. Morgan Industry Study Investigator: Frank Beal (Illinois Institute for Data reduction for a study of Morgan Industries; done for Environmental Quality). Publication 865. John Johnstone, Department of Sociology, UICC.

129. Secondary School Home Economics Teachers 137. Effects of Method of Administration on Response (see also Mail survey of 564 home economics teachers in Illinois 203) public schools to study their characteristics and Study funded by the National Science Foundation and conducted in collaboration with NORC to examine the

1964–2004 69 relation between four methods of questionnaire Wave 8: 199; Wave 9: 205; Wave 10: 203; Wave 11: 194; administration and response effects. SRL work in 1972 Wave 12: 199. Final wave conducted in spring 1981. involved 501 completed RDD screening interviews in the Publications 350, 358, 386, 387, 388, 389, 390, 391, 610, Chicago area. Principal Investigators: Seymour Sudman 706. (SRL) and Norman Bradburn (NORC). Publications 1010, 1011. 146. Johnstone’s SPSS Analysis Data processing for John Johnstone, Department of 138. Communications Study Sociology, UICC, to analyze data using SPSS. Pilot study of 34 in-depth personal interviews to determine the general public’s feelings, opinions, and 147. Urbana Sociology Practicum II attitudes toward the telephone. Principal Investigator: Assistance to Joe Spaeth in planning and conducting a Jagdish Sheth (Department of Business Administration, mail survey for the UIUC Sociology Practicum course to UIUC). ascertain the political participation of Illinois college students on 26 campuses nationwide. Completed April 139. University of Illinois Retiree Benefits 1973. 1972 mail study for William McPherson, Chair of the University Ad Hoc Committee on Retiree Benefits, to 148. Workshop for Legislative Staff Members obtain information on what benefits and privileges SRL conducted three workshops in 1972 on statistics, retired staff members (from UIUC, UICC, and UIMC) research methods, and computer uses for legislative staff would like from the university, excluding pensions, in Springfield to help educate them on research methods. insurance, and housing. 149. Mental Health Survey 140. Occupational Coding Study Data processing and data reduction for Gerald Euster, Study for Richard Shekelle, Department of Preventive School of Social Work, UIUC. Medicine, UIMC, to do occupational coding only on approximately 5,000 questionnaires. 150. Leavenworth, Kansas, Human Service Agencies Editing, keypunching, verification, and data processing 141. Educational & Occupational Attainment of completed questionnaires for Fred Moyer, National Data analysis for Joe Spaeth, SRL, UIUC, with funding Clearinghouse for Criminal Justice Planning and from the American College Testing Program. Completed Architecture, UIUC. August 1974. Publications 901, 902, 903. 151. Attitudes Toward the University of Illinois (see also 188) 142. Tri-service Housing Study (see also 157) Self-administered questionnaires were distributed at Mail survey for U.S. Army Construction Engineering regional meetings of UI-affiliated groups to assess public Research Laboratory to gain occupant opinion of military opinion toward the UI; done for Charles Flynn, family housing at 40 Army bases. University Office of Public Information, UIUC.

143. Waterfowl in Illinois 152. CTA Ridership Study 1972 telephone study to ascertain the demographic 1973 RDD telephone study for the Department of Public characteristics and opinions on selected issues of Works, City of Chicago, to ascertain the general public’s waterfowl hunters and nonhunters in Illinois. Principal use of and attitudes toward the Chicago Transit Investigators: Edward Hoffman (Illinois Department of Authority. Conservation) and Allen Sapora (Department of Recreation and Park Administration, UIUC). 153. Characteristics of College Seniors Mail study to gather and analyze data on career plans, 144. Conservation Cleaning reactions to college, and ways of financing college Data processing for Paula Warwick and Allen Sapora, education from graduating seniors in Illinois; done for Department of Recreation and Park Administration, Lawrence Aleamoni, Office of Instructional Resources, UIUC, for a survey previously done by the Illinois UIUC. Completed September 1974. Publication 898. Department of Conservation. 154. Sickle Cell Disease Survey (see also 209) 145. Chicago Married Couples Panel (see also 030, etc.) (See also Personal interview pilot study for I.D. Rotkin, 245, 345, 545, 645, 745) Department of Preventive Medicine and the Sickle Cell Extension of the panel of young married couples to the Center, UIMC, to prepare a final set of data collection Chicago area, under a National Science Foundation instruments for a major study of African-American grant, starting with 409 couples married in the summer of attitudes toward and knowledge of sickle cell disease. 1972. Wave 1: 409 interviews; Wave 2: 335; Wave 3: 281; Completed June 1974. Wave 4: 257; Wave 5: 243; Wave 6: 235; Wave 7: 212;

70 Forty-Year History of the Survey Research Laboratory 155. Project Transition Evaluation Study 163. Medical Center Recreation Facilities Survey 1973 study for Krischner Associates, Albuquerque, New Mail survey conducted in April 1973 of Medical Center Mexico, to locate sample respondents in the Chicago faculty, staff, and students for Clarence Leverenz, SMSA and in Decatur, Springfield, and Rockford, Illinois, Chancellor’s Ad Hoc Committee on Recreation Facilities, and complete approximately 300 personal interviews UIMC, to determine their interest in and need for with veterans who participated in “Project Transition” recreational facilities at the Medical Center campus. while in the service and a matching group who did not. 164. Sociology Practicum IV 156. Scandinavian Immigrants SRL assisted students in all aspects of survey work and A study to survey Swedish, Danish, and Norwegian did partial work on projects, including secondary data immigrants’ adjustment to American life. Not completed analysis. Done for Helen Miller, Department of Sociology, due to lack of funds. Principal Investigator: Rita Simon UICC. (Department of Sociology, UIUC). 165. Validity Studies of Student-Reported Family Income 157. Tabs of Open-Ended Responses on Tri-Service Housing Sampling and data processing for Lawrence Aleamoni, Survey (see also 142) Office of Instructional Resources, UIUC, to discover the Classifying, coding, and tabulating fill-in questions on relationship between student reports of their parents’ Army responses to a DOD family housing survey (study income and the parents’ actual income. Completed 142) and provide a brief summary of results; done in 1973 October 1973. Publication 555. for the U.S. Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratory. 166. Omaha, Nebraska, Human Service Agencies Data reduction and data processing of 119 completed 158. Evaluation of Junior Colleges in Illinois questionnaires in a study of human service agencies in Data reduction, data processing, and archive work for the the Omaha area. Principal Investigator: Fred Moyer Illinois Department of Finance to use in making future (National Clearinghouse for Criminal Justice Planning plans for the programs and physical facilities of the State and Architecture, UIUC). junior colleges; done for Anthony Graziano, Assistant Vice Chancellor for Academic Affairs, UIUC. 167. Civil Legal Aid and Social Services 1973 study for Chicago Volunteer Legal Services 159. Chicago Orleans Housing Foundation to evaluate the effectiveness of Project WALK Survey design, advice on data collection procedures, data (Work and Learning Key), a prisoner work-release reduction, and data processing for self-administered program in Cook County. questionnaire study conducted by Chicago Orleans Housing to determine housing preferences and feasibility 168. Paper Users Methodology of building a moderate income project on Chicago’s Near Pilot telephone study to obtain information from 43 North Side. Publications 18, 19. printing facilities about kinds and quantities of paper used. Principal Investigator: Jagdish Sheth (Department of 160. Service Access System Evaluation Business Administration, UIUC). Telephone interview study to evaluate the Peoria Service Access System; done for Michael Brooks, Department of 169. Jackson County Offender Profile Urban and Regional Planning, UIUC. Data processing to develop an offender profile from 50,000 records of seven correctional institutions. 161. Parents’ Attitudes on Desegregation of Elementary Completed in May 1973. Principal Investigator: Fred Moyer Schools (National Clearninghouse for Criminal Justice Planning 1973 telephone survey for the Park Forest School Board to and Architecture). determine attitudes of Park Forest parents toward the school district’s desegregation program and toward the 170. Army Family Housing Study, Phase II educational system as a whole. Self-administered survey of family housing preferences of 2,000 personnel living at twelve Army installations. Done 162. Survey of Business Administration Alumni for the U.S. Army Construction Engineering Research Nationwide mail questionnaire study for the College of Laboratory. Business Administration, UICC, to determine whether the objectives of the College and the training of the students 171. Army Family Housing Preference Study (see also 108) were relevant to their future careers. Completed June Data reduction and tabulations of 276 open-ended 1974. responses on Study 108 questionnaires. Done for the U.S. Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratory.

1964–2004 71 172. Municipal Water Quality 179. Illinois Farmers Study Telephone survey of 999 mayors, engineers, water Telephone survey of 340 farmers in central Illinois to suppliers, and other influential parties in 300 Illinois ascertain their use of fertilizers and pesticides, attitudes communities to gather information on water quality, toward farming, and opinions on conservation and sewage procedures, etc., in relation to environmental pollution. Principal Investigator: Richard Felter problems. Done for the Department of Agricultural (Department of Agricultural Economics, UIUC). Economics, UIUC, and completed October 1974. Publications 84, 85. 180. South Holland School District 151 Survey (see also 229) Study of public attitudes toward school desegregation in 173. Consumer Behavior Research South Holland, Illinois, involving self-administered A project sponsored by the RANN Program of the questionnaires to students, mail questionnaires to National Science Foundation to gather and synthesize teachers, and telephone interviews with area residents. present knowledge about different aspects of consumer Conducted for Thomas Van Dam, Superintendent, South behavior. SRL planned and commissioned parts of the Holland School District. N=1,893. Completed June 1974. study to experts in particular subject areas, held a conference based on the prepared papers, and prepared 181. Evaluation of Public Service Television Ads reports of the results. Publications 372, 374, 430, 759. Before-and-after telephone and personal interview study conducted in 1973 in Peoria and Rockford, Illinois, of 286 174. Extended Day Sessions Feasibility employers, 879 working people, and 261 disadvantaged Self-administered and telephone interview study people to gather information about their attitudes toward conducted for the Office of Campus Planning, UICC, to the potential entry into the labor force of disadvantaged ascertain the interest of the population of Cook County in adults, and to evaluate the impact of television ads on enrolling at UICC in an extended day session. Interviews these attitudes. Done for James Hough, Division of were completed with 648 junior college students, 2,675 Vocational and Technical Education, Office of the high school students, 1,518 UICC students, and 1,240 Superintendent of Public Instruction. members of the general population. Completed March 1974. 182. Department of Defense 1973 Family Housing Data On behalf of the U.S. Army Construction Engineering 175. Construction Engineers Questionnaire Research Laboratory, SRL tabulated 3,796 responses to 1973 pilot study for the U.S. Army Construction the Army portion of a Department of Defense military Engineering Research Laboratory to prepare and pretest housing preference study. a mail questionnaire for gathering information from industrial building suppliers for setting standards on 183. Webster Groves Revisited prefabricated construction. Coding and data processing of 380 cases collected in 1973 in Webster Groves, Missouri, on the TV viewing 176. Latin American Manpower & Education Inventory habits of teenagers to update an earlier study on the same Mail survey for Michael Goldstein, Assistant Vice topic conducted in 1965. Principal Investigator: John Chancellor for Urban Affairs, UICC, to determine the Johnstone (Department of Sociology, UICC). number and extent of manpower and educational programs serving the Latin American community in 184. Human Service Agencies & Unified Court Systems Chicago. Data processing and questionnaire preparation for a study of human service agencies in Omaha, Nebraska, for 177. Hypertension Among Adolescents rehabilitating criminal offenders. Completed October For this investigation into the correlation between young 1973. Principal Investigator: Fred Moyer (National adolescents’ hypertension and the hypertension of others Clearinghouse for Criminal Justice Planning and in their families, SRL interviewed 182 family sets. Architecture, UIUC). Completed in March 1974. Principal Investigator: Richard Shekelle (Department of Preventive Medicine, UIMC). 185. Support Systems Involving Widows Personal interviews with 1,170 widows in the Chicago 178. Office of Superintendent of Public Instruction Survey area to ascertain their sources of support and their Telephone and self-administered survey conducted for financial and social problems. Principal Investigator: the Office of the Superintendent of Public Instruction, Helena Lopata (Center for the Comparative Study of State of Illinois, to discover what different groups in the Social Roles, Loyola University of Chicago). state (students, teachers, administrators, public opinion leaders, and the general public) think about education in 186. Asian Americans in Chicago the state and about the Office. Interviews were completed 1974 personal interview study for Bok-Lim Kim, Jane with 4,678 respondents in early 1974. Publication 710. Addams School of Social Work, UIUC, of Asian

72 Forty-Year History of the Survey Research Laboratory Americans in Chicago to determine their social service 196. Oklahoma Offender Characteristics needs. Interviews were conducted with 150 Japanese, 149 Editing and keypunching of 1,500 survey forms Chinese, 228 Koreans, and 199 Filipinos. administered to inmates and custodial staff in Oklahoma state prisons for Fred Moyer, National 187. UICC Dropouts Clearinghouse for Criminal Justice Planning and Telephone survey of 267 students, all of whom were in Architecture, UIUC. good standing during the 1972–73 academic year, to determine why they did not return to UICC in fall 1973. 197. Recreation Areas SRL’s role was data collection partly by observation and 188. Study of Attitudes Toward the UI (see also 151) partly by self-administered questionnaire to measure A repeat of Study 151, this 1974 study sought to obtain recreational usage patterns in selected woods and parks more impressions of public attitudes toward certain in Illinois for William Beardsley, Department of Forestry, university issues by means of mail questionnaires to Iowa State University. Completed December 1974. persons who had attended regional meetings. Questionnaires were returned by 955 respondents. SRL 198. Secondary School Health Teachers assisted with questionnaire construction and was Mail study to determine how many secondary school responsible for data reduction and processing. teachers teaching health are certified and whether they would attend additional courses to become certified. 189. Urban Population Density SRL provided programming assistance as requested for 199. Attitudes Toward UI Entertainment Harvey Choldin, Department of Sociology, UIUC. 1974 telephone survey conducted for Dean Daniel Discontinued November 1974. Perrino, Office of Student Programs and Services, UIUC, to find out what university students, staff, and faculty 190. Service School Evaluation think about UI paid entertainment. Data reduction and cleaning for the U.S. Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratory. 200. Energy Use in East Urbana In 1974, SRL assisted in questionnaire construction and 191. UI Employee Attitudes About Their Jobs carried out fieldwork in a personal interview study to Mail study of 2,048 university employees on all three measure energy use of lower-income families in east campuses (UIUC, UICC, and UIMC) to determine their job Urbana, Illinois. satisfaction. Conducted for the President’s Office in 1974. 201. Paternity Cases 192. Sociology Practicum (Urbana) Data reduction and some tabulations for a study to learn SRL assisted Marcus Felson in planning and conducting how paternity cases currently are handled in the courts. a telephone survey of 736 residents of the Chicago Publication 568. suburbs for the Sociology practicum on conspicuous consumption and consumption of energy-related goods 202. 1972-1973 Consumer Expenditure Survey Evaluation and services. Publication 280. Study by Robert Pearl, SRL, UIUC, for the U.S. Bureau of the Census to evaluate the 1972–73 Consumer 193. Sangamon Valley Farmers (see also 194, 231) Expenditure Survey of the Bureau of the Census and the Personal interview survey of 321 farmers in Sangamon Bureau of Labor Statistics, including development of a Valley regarding nitrogen fertilizer usage. Conducted in plan to use its results for evaluation purposes. the spring of 1974. Principal Investigator: Robert Klepper Publication 760, 761, 762. (Center for the Biology of Natural Systems, Washington University). 203. Research on Social Science Data Collection (see also 137) This study, funded by the National Science Foundation, 194. Energy Crisis (see also 193, 231) was a continuation of prior research on survey methods Rider on Study 193 to assist Robert Klepper, Washington and concentrated on experimental work on the effect on University, with questionnaire development and responses of the location of the interview and threat. The fieldwork to determine the effect of the energy crisis on study was completed in March 1977. Principal farmers. N=161. Investigators: Seymour Sudman (SRL) and Norman Bradburn (NORC). Publications 79, 81, 634, 1009, 1015. 195. Sociology Practicum V, UICC SRL assisted Sociology graduate students in this study of 204. Industrialized Builders public interpretation of collective action. Sponsored by Mail study for the U.S. Army Construction Engineering Robert Hall, Department of Sociology, UICC. Research Laboratory to ascertain the feasibility of using prefabricated building materials on military installations.

1964–2004 73 205. Attitudes Toward Traffic Safety for Harold Simon, Department of Energy Engineering, 1974 statewide telephone survey of 1,110 licensed drivers UICC. This study ended September 1975. for the Illinois Department of Transportation to assess their expectations and opinions of traffic safety and 213. Project TRUST (To Reshape Urban Systems Together) related issues. SRL consulted on questionnaire design and did data reduction and processing on this study conducted by the 206. Occupational Images Council on Population and Environment, which Pilot study on images of occupations held by 148 males involved 3,400 group self-administered questionnaires to age 25 or older, involving triad comparisons among three ascertain citizen views on criminal justice problems in sets of eight occupations each according to three criteria. the Chicago MSA. SRL produced and pretested questionnaires. Principal Investigator: Reeve Vanneman (Department of Sociology, 214. Fertility Models UIUC). Data processing in a study demonstrating through an economic model the effects of welfare payments on 207. Entering Students fertility. Principal Investigator: Frances Flanagan Coding, editing, and keypunching of student (Department of Economics, UICC). questionnaires for Wellford Wilms, Center for Research and Development of Higher Education, University of 215. Service Fee Buildings California at Berkeley, on perceived goals of entering 1975 mail survey of 903 UIUC students for the college students and what the actual goals were, Chancellor’s Office, UIUC, to determine if students would classified by occupation and education. Completed support a fee increase, how satisfied they are with service August 1974. fee buildings, and how they would allocate fees.

208. Army Reservoir Study 216. Racial Identification with Television Programs Study for the U.S. Army Construction Engineering Telephone interview survey in Chicago for John Research Laboratory to survey the topographic Leckenby, Department of Advertising, UIUC, to characteristics of U.S. Army reservoirs. SRL was investigate the opinions of four different groups of responsible only for data reduction and data processing. people—African Americans and Whites in low and moderate income levels—toward two television 209. Sickle Cell Center Survey (see also 154) programs: All in the Family and Sanford and Son. Personal interview study to ascertain knowledge and attitudes of the African-American population in Chicago 217. County Prosecutors concerning sickle cell disease. Three samples: 1,207 Data reduction and data processing for National members of the general African American population, Clearinghouse for Criminal Justice Planning and 223 community leaders, and 123 members of households Architecture, UIUC, of 241 questionnaires from a with sickle cell disease. Completed August 1975. nationwide mail survey of the most optimal and efficient Principal Investigator: I. D. Rotkin (Sickle Cell Center, use of space in the offices of county prosecutors. UIMC). 218. Older Citizens in Chicago 210. Illinois State Bar Association Survey (see also 448) Personal interview study for Bernice Bild, Urban Mail survey for the Illinois State Bar Association to obtain Research Corporation, of special groups of older persons information on the economic standing of attorneys in in Chicago—homeowners, residential hotel residents, Illinois and on their attitudes toward a formal program of African Americans, and Polish Americans—to ascertain law specialization and prepaid or group legal service their status and needs in the areas of health, housing, plans. Questionnaires were returned by 8,940 attorneys. transportation, finance, and social isolation. Included Completed July 1975. Publications 635, 1103. Polish version. Interviews were completed with 519 respondents. Completed May 1975. 211. Occupational Images—Main Study Telephone interview study in Chicago and suburbs with 219. Dialysis Consumer Workshop Evaluation 318 males age 25 or older to develop a multidimensional In 1975, SRL assisted in questionnaire design, did data scaling technique for evaluating men’s perceptions of processing, and prepared a brief report for the Kidney occupation. SRL work was terminated November 1974 Foundation of Illinois in its evaluation of the due to lack of funds. Principal Investigator: Reeve effectiveness of dialysis consumer workshops in the Vanneman (Department of Sociology, UIUC). Chicago area through self-administered questionnaires completed by 114 participants before and after the series 212. Impact of High-Rise Buildings on the Urban System of workshops. Telephone interview study of 300 residents in two Chicago high-rise residential buildings on life in the city,

74 Forty-Year History of the Survey Research Laboratory 220. Children in Institutions (Department of Children & Family 229. Attitudes Toward Desegregated Schools (see also 180) Services) Study conducted in 1975 for Thomas Van Dam, Assistance on questionnaire design and training Superintendent, South Holland (Illinois) School District, interviewers for Andrew Gordon, Center for Urban to examine the effects of Title III and Title VI programs on Affairs, Northwestern University, in a personal interview communities in School District 151. Involved telephone study of children in foster homes and institutions. interviews with 367 residents in the district who were respondents in Study 180. 221. Hypertension Follow-up Telephone interview study of 266 African Americans in 230. Panel on Consumer Decision Processes (see also 078, 145) Chicago selected from a hypertension screening program Panel survey starting with 311 young couples married in to determine differences among clinic utilizers, the summer of 1968, with waves about every six months. nonutilizers, dropouts, and normotensives, particularly Personal or telephone interviews or mail questionnaires regarding their social network systems as they pertain to covered the interrelationship among attitudes, product compliance or noncompliance with hypertension awareness, media exposure, socioeconomic treatment. Principal Investigator: Jeffrey Salloway characteristics, and changes in personal circumstances (Department of Sociology, UIUC). in terms of consumer selection of durable goods; done for Robert Ferber, Survey Research Laboratory, UI, and 222. Census Data—Graduate College Francesco Nicosia, University of California at Berkeley. Preparation of census data for the Housing Research and Wave 1: 311 interviews; Wave 2: 286; Wave 3: 259; Wave Development Program, UIUC. Done in January 1975. 4: 253; Wave 5: 237; Wave 6: 224; Wave 7: 227; Wave 8: 225; Wave 9: 224; Wave 10: 220; Wave 11: 221; Wave 12: 223. Census Data—Wabash Planning Commission 215; Wave 13: 207; Wave 15: 201; Wave 15: 210; Wave 17: Preparation of census data for the Greater Wabash 206; Wave 18: 209. Final wave conducted in spring 1981. Regional Planning Commission. Done in January 1975. 231. Sangamon Valley Farmers Follow-Up (see also 193, 194) 224. Sociology Practicum, Fall 1974: Deinstitutionalization Telephone re-interview survey of 284 farmers in the Consultation and performance of miscellaneous tasks for Upper Sangamon River basin in Illinois who were UICC Department of Sociology’s Practicum in study of interviewed in person in spring 1974 (Study 193) to deinstitutionalization of drug offenders in a “halfway confirm 1974 planting expectations and to learn 1975 house.” crop-year plans. Principal Investigator: Robert Klepper (Washington University). 225. Attitudes Toward the UI—1975 SRL assisted with questionnaire construction and did 232. Environmental Education Survey data processing in a mail survey for Charles Flynn, Questionnaire construction advice and data reduction University Office of Public Information, to members of and data processing for the Center for Environmental university-affiliated citizens’ groups throughout the state Studies, Arizona State University, in their 1975 study of to elicit their opinions on various questions affecting the environmental education activities. UI and higher education in general. Questionnaires were returned by 983 respondents. 233. Hospital Speech Pathology Services Data reduction and data processing for Twila 226. Tape Copying Strandberg, Department of Speech and Hearing Science, Copying public use sample census data for Leonard UIUC, in study of 1,525 directors and staff of hospital Heumann, Department of Urban Planning, UIUC. speech pathology departments in the U.S. to determine Publications 469, 470. types of services provided and main types of disorders treated. 227. Bank Data Preparation of census data for Office of the Commissioner 234. Evaluation of Low-Incidence Handicapped Children of Banks and Trust Companies, Springfield, during Programs February 1975. Evaluation for the Department of Exceptional Children, Illinois Office of Education, of the administrative, 228. Nevada Inmate Survey financial, and programmatic effectiveness of the Chicago Data reduction and data processing of 1,703 and 12 regional programs in Illinois for educating low- questionnaires from study of inmates and officers of incidence handicapped children. Involved telephone corrections facilities in the state of Nevada, South Bend, interviews with administrative offices and team site Indiana and El Paso, Texas, and 1,562 questionnaires visits. from a survey of probation and parole clients in the state of Montana, for the National Clearinghouse for Criminal Justice and Architecture, UIUC.

1964–2004 75 235. Professional Information Survey effectiveness of workshops to train sickle cell anemia Advising during March 1975 on sampling, counselors. Completed in March 1976. questionnaire, and study design and typing questionnaire for National Council of Teachers of 244. Census Data—Rockford SMSA English. Preparation of census data on the Rockford (Illinois) SMSA for the Illinois Commerce Commission. Completed 236. Jury Selection Project in June 1975. Data reduction and data processing for Shari Diamond, Department of Criminal Justice, UICC. 245. Chicago Married Couples Panel (see also 030, etc.) (See also 345, 445, 545, 645, 745) 237. Judges’ Sentencing Histories Extension of the panel of young married couples to the Data reduction and data processing during March and Chicago area, under a National Science Foundation April 1975 for Shari Diamond, Department of Criminal grant, starting with 409 couples married in the summer of Justice, UICC. 1972. Wave 1: 409 interviews; Wave 2: 335; Wave 3: 281; Wave 4: 257; Wave 5: 243; Wave 6: 235; Wave 7: 212; 238. ECIEL—Economic Development in Latin America Wave 8: 199; Wave 9: 205; Wave 10: 203; Wave 11: 194; Assistance to ECIEL (Estudios Conjuntos Sobre Wave 12: 199. Final wave conducted in spring 1981. Integracion Economica Latinoamericana) in analyzing data and preparing reports for its project on income 246. Analysis of Data on Aging distribution in Latin America and assistance on other Consultation with Ethel Shanas, Department of ECIEL studies pertaining to the economic development of Sociology, UICC, on data processing for study on aging. Latin America. Completed May 1981. Publications 263, Publication 855. 264, 353, 376, 392, 395, 396, 700. 247. Quality of Life in Illinois 239. Stockholder Motivation During June 1975, SRL assisted in questionnaire Advice on questionnaire design and personal interview preparation and trained telephone interviewers for pretest of ten Champaign-Urbana residents for a national Daniel Johnson, Sangamon State University, in a study of study to explore why people invest in corporate stock the quality of life in midsized cities in Illinois. and the factors influencing them to buy and sell stock at a particular time. Principal Investigator: Marshall Blume 248. Illinois Cooperative Health Information System (Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania). Data processing for design and development of a Publication 72. computerized entry and retrieval system for a statewide health information system as part of a consortium 240. Retirement Housing involving the UI School of Public Health, the SIU School Telephone interview study of 209 UI retirees in of Medicine, and the Illinois Department of Public Champaign-Urbana to determine the level of interest in Health. Completed July 1976. middle income housing, for Clark-Lindsey Villadom Board of Trustees. Conducted in May 1975. 249. Emergency Medical Services Household Interview Survey Statewide personal interview survey for the School of 241. Census Data Preparation Medicine, Department of Health Care Planning, Southern Preparation of census data for Regional Manpower Illinois University at Carbondale, in conjunction with the Commission, Greyville, Illinois; done in 1975. Illinois Department of Public Health to obtain baseline data on public knowledge, attitudes, and use of 242. Adult Educational Needs Assessment in Northwest emergency medical services in Illinois. Illinois SRL assisted the UI Office of the Associate Vice President 250. The Use of Diaries for Collecting Health Data (see also 135) for Public Service in questionnaire development and Two-year project begun in 1975, funded by the National interviewer training, did data reduction and data Center for Health Services Research and conducted by processing, and prepared a report for a telephone survey Seymour Sudman, SRL, UIUC, continuing exploratory of 1,732 adult members of general population and UI work on the use of diaries for collecting health data in alumni near four junior colleges in north central Illinois household surveys (Study 135). Involved initial to ascertain adult learning preferences. telephone screening of 5,214 households in Illinois to obtain medical experience and demographic information, 243. Evaluation Study of Sickle Cell Workshops which yielded 1,360 households that participated in the SRL consulted on survey design and development of study. Three treatments were used: (a) three personal three questionnaires for study by the Education interviews at monthly intervals, (b) diary keeping for Programs of the Sickle Cell Center, UIMC, to evaluate the three months with compensation, and (c) diary keeping without compensation. In addition, for personal

76 Forty-Year History of the Survey Research Laboratory interviews, half were by telephone instead of face to face, 256. North Central Accreditation Self-Study Questionnaire and for diaries, half the households were asked to mail SRL rewrote the questionnaire and did some data them back. Completed January 1979. Publications 1027, reduction and data processing for the Office of Vice 1028, 1029. Chancellor for Academic Affairs, UICC.

251. Public Reactions to Wind Energy Devices 257. Developmentally Disabled Persons in Illinois Study funded by the National Science Foundation and Study for Governor’s Advisory Council on conducted by Robert Ferber, SRL, to explore reactions of Developmental Disabilities and Capital Development the general public toward construction of different types Board to estimate the number and types of of windmills for generating electrical energy. Involved developmentally disabled persons in Illinois who are in personal interviews in six different parts of the United need of residential services. In 1976, mail questionnaires States with household interviews in five locations and were sent to 110 agencies with responsibility for dealing two waves of interviews at Sandy Hook unit of Gateway with the developmentally handicapped. National Recreation Area in New Jersey before and after construction of a small windmill. Interviews included 258. Champaign County Area Public Health System showing slides of windmills. Total household N=1,431; Telephone interview study of 517 rural Champaign total Sandy Hook N=736. Also, a self-administered County residents for UI College of Nursing-Area Health questionnaire was distributed at NASA Plum Brook Education System to determine the health problems, windmill (N=154). Completed October 1977. Publication needs, and concerns of the rural population of 351, 356, 1058. Champaign County, Illinois, and to gather information that would enable agencies to understand rural health 252. Noise Awareness problems and plan health programs acceptable to rural Study for the U.S. Army Construction Engineering residents. Research Laboratory to design and pretest at Fort Bragg, North Carolina, a personal interview questionnaire for 259. Illinois Sampling reliable measurement of annoyance levels in Selection of a sample of Illinois telephone subscribers for communities where blast noise (artillery) and helicopter Rita Simon, Law and Society Program, UIUC; done in and aircraft noise occur as by-products of military January 1976. training activities. 260. Sociology Practicum Spring 1976—Urbana 253. Wholistic Health Centers SRL assisted the UIUC Sociology Department and Joan Study for Wholistic Health Centers to evaluate the health Huber in planning and conducting a study of sex role care offered by the Centers in Hinsdale and Woodridge, attitudes as part of the practicum course in research Illinois. Involved telephone interviews with 387 methods, including help in designing and pretesting the Wholistic Health Centers patients to assess their questionnaire, training and supervising students in satisfaction with the care received and mail telephone interviewing, conducting additional questionnaires from 144 physicians and 96 clergymen in interviews, and providing a clean data file. Publications Hinsdale and Woodridge to ascertain their attitudes 478, 480, 927, 928, 929. toward the Centers. This study was completed in June 1976. Publication 1064. 261. Handball Courts in Champaign/Urbana SRL assisted Joseph Bannon, Department of Leisure 254. Community Needs Survey Studies, UIUC, in designing a self-administered Telephone survey of 259 residents of Cicero and the questionnaire and did the data reduction and data Chicago area for the UI Division of Broadcasting to processing for a survey of 516 citizens assessing their ascertain what they feel are the major issues and interest in racquetball/handball facilities in Champaign- problems in their community. Conducted during October Urbana. 1975. 262. Township Highway Commissioners 255. Midwestern Resources for Doctoral Education in Nursing Data reduction and data processing in a study to Mail study for the Committee on Institutional ascertain the demographics of township highway Cooperation to identify the need for doctoral programs in commissioners. Principal Investigator: Barbara Solomon nursing in the Midwest and to inventory the resources (Institute of Government and Public Affairs, UIUC). that would support the development of such programs. Completed in July 1976. Questionnaires were sent to three groups: 25 graduate programs in nursing, 193 nurses with doctorates within 263. The Law of Criminal Conspiracy the Midwest, and 247 potential doctoral students in 1976 mail survey of 633 attorneys, 120 judges, and 69 law nursing. Completed November 1976. professors to assess practices in criminal conspiracy

1964–2004 77 prosecutions. Principal Investigator: Paul Marcus (College 272. Apprenticeship Applications to International Brotherhood of Law, UIUC). of Electrical Workers Data reduction for Judson Miner of Davis, Miner and 264. Model Cities II (see also 064) Barnhill (Chicago) of applications for apprenticeship. Personal interview survey of families living in the Model Cities area in Chicago to explore in greater detail the 273. Community Values in Champaign County living conditions in the area. Included those interviewed On behalf of the Champaign County Regional Planning in Study 064. Done for Department of Development and Commission, in 1976, SRL conducted telephone Planning, City of Chicago. interviews with 501 Champaign County residents to obtain their views of growth policy and related issues. 265. Mobile Intenstive Care Units Activity Reports Data reduction and data processing for Office of 274. Agricultural Nonpoint Sources of Pollution Emergency Medical Services, Illinois Department of Assistance on questionnaire design for the Institute for Public Health, to prepare data file on Mobile Intensive Environmental Studies, UIUC. Care Unit (MICU) patients from data collected on forms completed by ambulance attendants in EMS-MICU 275. Vermilion County Revisited (see also 113) program in Illinois. Work was completed in September Re-interviews of 77 of the respondents to an earlier study 1977. of Vermilion County, Illinois, residents (Study 113) to learn their current opinions on the building of a dam and 266. Barium & Water Supplies in West Dundee & McHenry their sources of information. Principal Investigator: Carl Interviewer training for survey to ascertain if barium is Castore (Purdue University). causing health problems in West Dundee and McHenry, Illinois. Principal Investigator: Gary Brenniman (School of 276. Minority Student Programs at UICC Public Health, UIMC). Study for the University Office of School and College Relations to gather data for an evaluation of three special 267. American Issues Forum academic support programs for minority students at Data reduction and data processing for American Library UICC. Involved personal or telephone interviews or mail Association; done in early 1976. questionnaires with 351 students in the programs, and telephone interviews with 33 high school counselors and 268. Impact of Planned Coal Conversion Demonstration Plant 34 community agencies. Completed August 1976. In 1976 SRL designed a personal interview questionnaire and conducted a small pretest in Clinton, Illinois, for the 277. Kennedy-King College Dropouts: Consulting Institute for Environmental Studies, UIUC, to assess the Consultation on questionnaire construction and data social and economic effects on rural communities of new reduction and data processing of 501 questionnaires for industries or physical changes such as dams. Publication John Warren, Kennedy-King College, Chicago, in a study 905. to determine the characteristics of dropouts from the college. 269. Census Data—Illinois Law Enforcement Commission Preparation of census data for the Illinois Law 278. Textiles & Clothing: Attitudes & Practices Enforcement Commission. Conducted in April 1976. SRL consulted on questionnaire design, conducted 100 personal interviews with residents of Champaign 270. Labor Market Analysis in Champaign, Ford, Iroquois, & County, and did data reduction for a study to determine Piatt Counties: Employers women’s clothing care practices and attitudes toward SRL assisted the Champaign County Regional Planning textiles legislation and the quality of clothing available. Commission in designing and pretesting a questionnaire, Principal Investigator: Carol Warfield (School of Human training personal interviewers, and conducting 240 Resources and Family Studies, UIUC). Completed April telephone interviews with employers to determine how 1977. federal employment training programs can more effectively meet the needs of employers in the four-county 279. Changing Commitments of Women to Work & Family Roles area. Personal interview study in the Chicago area funded by the Social Security Administration to determine the 271. Criminal Justice Research Needs changing commitments of women. Principal Investigator: 1976 mail survey to assess data needs of U.S. criminal Helena Lopata (Center for the Comparative Study of justice researchers. Principal Investigator: Richard Social Roles, Loyola University of Chicago). This study Roistacher (Center for Advanced Computation, UIUC). was completed in 1978.

78 Forty-Year History of the Survey Research Laboratory 280. Deceptive Advertising differences in earnings and job satisfaction. This study Copy-testing study in 1976 for David Gardner, continued until August 1979. Principal Investigator: Joe Department of Business Administration, UIUC, in which Spaeth (SRL). Publications 903, 904, 906, 930. television and magazine ads were shown to respondents to obtain their reactions to advertising copy. Included 289. Noise Awareness, Phase II Spanish version. Personal interview survey for the U.S. Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratory to ascertain community 281. Mobility-Limited Transportation reaction to military noise in the vicinity of Fort Bragg, Study for the Department of Public Works, City of North Carolina. Chicago, to identify the “mobility limited” population in Chicago, determine the level of their ability to use public 290. Energy Resources Center Consulting transportation, and ascertain their transportation needs. Consulting and keypunching for a study conducted by Involved RDD telephone interviews with 773 residents in the Energy Resources Center, UICC. Completed September a demonstration area on Chicago’s North Side and with 1977. 1,035 residents in the rest of Chicago and personal interviews with 96 nursing home residents. 291. Urban to Rural Mobility Telephone interview survey for James Williams and 282. Attitudes Toward the Standard Audit Report Andrew Sofranko, Department of Agricultural Economics, Data reduction and data processing for Richard Ziegler, UIUC, to study reverse migration in the North Central Department of Accounting, UIUC, of 897 questionnaires region of the United States and to determine how rural in a study of bank credit analysis. communities are affected by new residents and why people move to rural areas. Completed May 1978. 283. Market Potential of Information Analysis Center Services Publications 62, 416, 417, 418, 419, 420, 439, 795, 874, 875, Study for the U.S. Army Construction Engineering 876, 881, 882, 883, 884, 885, 886, 887, 888, 890, 891, 892, Research Laboratory—canceled. 893, 894, 895, 1137, 1138.

284. Communication Program Monthly Reports 292. Evaluation of Legal Services Clinic of South Shore Area Monthly analysis of communications data from the Preliminary work in Chicago for a study of the South Cancer Information Service and production of reports, for Shore Experimental Legal Services Program. Canceled. the Illinois Cancer Council. Completed February 1981. 293. Assessment of the Educational Needs of Part-Time College 285. Relationship Between Primary Care Characteristics & Students & the Adult Population of Illinois Patient Health Outcomes 1977 study of part-time students in Illinois for the Illinois Consultation with William Smith, Rockford School of Board of Higher Education, the Advisory Council on Medicine, and Daniel Barr, UIMC, on development of a Adult, Vocational, and Technical Education, and the proposal. Illinois Office of Education to assess enrollments in specific programs, to determine what is studied and why, 286. Unemployed/Underemployed in Four Illinois Counties and to identify educational needs. Involved four surveys, Preliminary work in August 1976 for the Champaign with mail questionnaires to 838 part-time college students Consortium on a survey of the unemployed and and 630 adults in public school district programs, and underemployed in the four-county Consortium area. telephone interviews with 407 noneducational and proprietary institutions and with 2,006 adults in the 287. Health Effects of Aerosol Emitted from an Activated Sludge general population. Plant Personal interview study to determine whether the health 294. Symphony & Theater Attendance of persons residing adjacent to a sewage treatment plant Telephone interview survey in four southern cities to in the northern Chicago suburban area is different from examine several aspects of symphony and theater that of persons living further from the plant. SRL also presentations as they affect the attitudes and patronage assisted in the Health Watch diary-keeping phase of the intentions of patrons grouped according to lifestyle study. Principal Investigator: Robert Northrup (School of characteristics. Principal Investigators: Alan Andreasen Public Health, UIMC). Completed July 1978. and Russell Belk (Department of Business Administration, UIUC). Completed September 1978. 288. Career Development in Higher Education Publications 37, 38. Study funded by the National Institute of Education to continue analysis of the NORC longitudinal survey of 295. Wilderness Values & Opinions 1961 college graduates with focus on sex and race Telephone interview study to determine Illinois residents’ knowledge and use of wilderness areas. Principal Investigator: Robert Young (Department of Forestry, UIUC).

1964–2004 79 296. Firearms Ownership in Illinois: Sociology Practicum, 303. High School Students’ Knowledge of Consumer Behavior Spring 1977 1977 consulting on development of writing exercises to SRL assisted the UIUC Sociology Department and David increase knowledge of high school students about Bordua in a study of reasons for gun ownership in consumer behavior, for the Education Commission of the Illinois as part of the practicum course in research States. methods, including help in designing and pretesting the questionnaire, training and supervising students in 304. Emergency Medical Service Analysis telephone interviewing, conducting additional Data analysis for Margaret Peisert, SIU School of interviews, and providing a clean data file. Publications Medicine, to help prepare annual report. 73, 74, 75, 76, 631, 632, 633. 305. Youth Panels 297. Community Attitudes Toward Mental Health 1977 advising on request for proposals and survey This project was canceled. organization selection for new national study of youth employment to involve two new cohorts as part of 298. UIUC Residence Halls National Longitudinal Studies of Labor Force Behavior, Data reduction and data processing of 4,000 Center for Human Resource Research, Ohio State questionnaires filled out by residents of UIUC residence University. halls; done for Housing Division, UIUC. Completed July 1978. 306. Recreational Water Quality & Health Consulting work completed in January 1978 for Gary 299. Beliefs & Experiences of Dissatisfied Purchasers of Used Brenniman, School of Public Health, UIMC. Motor Vehicles: Data Processing & Report Preparation Data processing of 841 questionnaires from 307. Industrial Noise Survey complainants who had purchased a used motor vehicle Mail questionnaire survey of industrial firms in Illinois from a dealer, and preparation of a report for the Federal for the Illinois Task Force on Noise to determine whether Trade Commission on marketing practices in the sale of they are bothered by noise emissions from neighboring used vehicles. Conducted in March and April 1977. industrial properties. Completed March 1978.

300. Centralized Cancer Patient Data System 308. “Treasures of Tutankhamun” Exhibition Visitor Survey Consulting and setting up a data processing system for Self-administered questionnaire survey at the Field the Illinois Cancer Council for development of pilot Museum of Natural History in Chicago for the Natural model of the Centralized Cancer Patient Data System in Endowment for the Humanities to collect statistical Illinois. Completed May 1980. Publication 93. information about visitors to the 1977 exhibition and to assist in an evaluation of its effectiveness in 301. UI Clerical Women: Women’s Career Profiles communicating to the public. Completed in April 1978, pilot study to obtain work histories of women clerical workers at UIUC age 35 and 309. Quality of Life as Influenced by Area of Residence (see also over and to determine whether mail or telephone 320) interviews produce the best results. Principal Investigators: Sampling and field work for Marilyn Dunsing and Marianne Ferber (Department of Economics, UIUC) and Jeanne Hafstrom, School of Human Resources and Bonnie Birnbaum (Department of Family and Family Studies, UIUC, to ascertain satisfaction with Consumption Economics, UIUC). Publications 294, 297, various aspects of life (family, employment, community, 298, 300, 301. etc.) in a metropolitan area. Involved 107 families in Decatur and 108 in Peoria that included a husband, wife, 302. Chicago Transit Security Project—Phase II and child 18 or under, with the wife interviewed in To assess the perceived level of crime and security before person and self-administered questionnaires left for the and after the installation of a “Teleview Alert” system at husband and a teenage child if there was one. four Chicago Transit Authority stations on Chicago’s South Side, SRL conducted two RDD surveys of Chicago 310. “Survey of Minerals & Health” Data households surrounding the four sites. SRL conducted Cleaning data for Gary Brenniman, School of Public 698 interviews before and 734 interviews after the system Health, UIMC, conducted during July and August 1977. was installed. The study was conducted on behalf of the Department of Public Works, City of Chicago, with 311. Community Ecology & the Adaptation of Elderly Persons funding from the Urban Mass Transportation (see also 344) Administration. Phase I (“before”) interviews were Personal interview study completed in March 1978 to conducted in June 1977, while Phase II (“after”) obtain information on the needs and problems of persons interviews were conducted in October 1981. 60 and older living in Evanston, Illinois.

80 Forty-Year History of the Survey Research Laboratory Telephone interview survey for the Illinois Cancer 312. Client Satisfaction/Visiting Nurse Association Council to gather baseline data on current knowledge, Telephone survey for the Visiting Nurse Association of beliefs, and behavior regarding cancer of specific sites Chicago to determine the feasibility of obtaining baseline (breast, cervix/uterus, colon/rectum, and skin) among data on the Association’s discharged patient population hard-to-reach rural and urban population groups in for future use in improving health care delivery. Illinois. Principal Investigator: Richard B. Warnecke, SRL/Illinois Cancer Council). Completed February 1980. 313. Analysis of Affirmative Action Data Data processing to determine whether salary 320. Quality of Life as Infuenced by Area of Residence, Phase II discrimination exists between White male and minority (see also 309) employees in banks. Principal Investigator: George Fisher Second phase, completed in 1978, of a study to ascertain (U.S. Department of the Treasury). Completed April 1978. satisfaction with various aspects of life in a nonmetropolitan area. A survey similar to that of Study 314. Minority Businesses 309 was conducted with 101 families in Paxton, Illinois. Assistance in sampling and data collection in a mail survey with telephone follow-ups of minority-owned 321. Housing, Neighborhoods, & Families—Sociology businesses in the Midwest; completed November 1977. Practicum, Spring 1978 SRL assisted the UIUC Sociology Department and 315. Owners of Wind Energy Conversion Systems Harvey Choldin in a study of child-rearing differences Study to determine how many individuals in the based on housing situation in two Chicago communities. continental United States own windmills used for The study was part of a practicum course in research generating electricity, their location, and their methods, and SRL assisted with sampling, supervising experiences with the windmills. Preliminary work students in telephone interviewing and other survey involved mail questionnaires to windmill manufacturers, tasks, and providing a clean data file. Publication 211. associations, etc., to find the population of windmill owners. Rest of the study canceled November 1979. 322. Personal Life Styles & Criminal Victimization Consulting on questionnaire design and telephone 316. Needs of the Handicapped Population in Chicago interviewing with Chicago households regarding Telephone interview study for the City of Chicago respondents’ timing and locations of activities and Department of Development and Planning to determine history of criminal victimization. needs of the physically disabled population in Chicago in the area of housing, health, education, employment, 323. Champaign-Urbana Mass Transit District Bus Riders and recreation. Sample partially composed of SRL was responsible for data reduction and processing respondents to Study 281. Included Spanish version; in this 1978 self-administered survey to assess rider completed in August 1978. satisfaction with the MTD bus system.

317. Healthcare Needs in Medically Underserved Areas in the 324. Aging & Kinship Ties Among Japanese Americans Midwest Telephone screening and personal interviews to learn SRL conducted mail and personal interviews with 3,055 about the changing nature of the Japanese family in residents of Illinois and the other states in Department of American society. Involved interviews in the Chicago Health, Education, and Welfare Region V to evaluate the MSA with 153 younger Japanese Americans and with 98 validity of the Index of Medical Underservice by of their mothers. Included Japanese version. Completed measuring the extent to which residents of rural counties May 1979. perceive that they are in need of medical services and by examining present utilization patterns. Principal 325. Community Dynamics, Social Competence, & Alcoholism Investigator: Frederick Kviz (College of Nursing, UIMC). in Illinois This study ended in September 1980. Publications 411, 1978 telephone interview survey in which random 412, 413, 577, 578, 579, 587, 588, 591, 600. samples of the adult population were compared with panels of adult alcoholic volunteers on drinking patterns, 318. Methods of Collection, Measurement, & Valuation of social network and support systems, and various Selected Wealth Components measures of community integration in order to compare In 1978 SRL reviewed past studies and outlined the social patterns of alcoholics with those of approaches to providing more valid information on nonalcoholic community residents in the Lakeview area consumer holdings of selected financial assets: savings of Chicago’s North Side. accounts, life insurance, homes, farms, and businesses. 326. Beat Representative Program Household Survey 319. Cancer Information Needs in Illinois (see also 405) SRL was responsible for sampling and data collection in this telephone interview survey of 1,050 adults in

1964–2004 81 Chicago to evaluate the Beat Representative Program the types of employment sought by older persons. designed to prevent and suppress crime. Included Completed June 1979. Publication 94. Spanish questionnaire version. 335. Illinois Minor Crop Pesticide Assessment 327. Attitudes Toward Women & Work SRL provided assistance in questionnaire development, Nationwide RDD study to study the sex role beliefs of typing, and data reduction for this personal interview 2,002 adults age 18 through 65. In households with survey of determine how pesticides are used by married couples, both spouses were interviewed if commercial horticulture establishments in Illinois. possible. Completed March 1979. Publications 478, 480, 797, 806, 808, 809, 810, 827, 927, 928, 929, 1067, 1068. 336. Diary Cooperation Screening for Working Women SRL screened an Illinois statewide sample of about 2,200 328. Wilderness Users Panel Study—Screening Phase (see also numbers by telephone to obtain the names, addresses, 355, 402, 429, 488, 517, 556) and telephone numbers of 250 working women who In June 1978 SRL provided consultation on sample and agreed to cooperate in a one-week diary study. This study questionnaire design for Robert Young, Department of was completed in October 1978. Forestry, UIUC, in a screening survey to identify “new” wilderness users of the Boundary Waters Canoe Area in 337. Planning & Evaluation in Illinois School Districts (see also Minnesota. 369, 397, 425, 456, 498, 541) SRL organized and analyzed data gathered by self- 329. Third Biennial Health Survey Methods Conference administered questionnaires and from files in 158 school The third biennial Conference on Health Survey Research districts in Illinois regarding votech programs. Methods was held in May 1979 in Reston, Virginia. Objectives of the conference were to (a) identify and 338. Prison Space Needs stimulate research in key areas; (b) bring unpublished Data reduction and processing for Moyer Associates to scientific and technical work to the attention of project prison space needs in several geographic areas in professionals; (c) suggest and recommend new areas of the United States and Canada. research needs; and (d) publish a monograph of the proceedings for wide distribution to survey researchers 339. Analysis of the Earnings, Employment, & Impact of and users of survey data, policymakers, and funding Immigrants to the U.S. agencies in the health field. Publication 1002. This study funded by the U.S. Department of Labor analyzed the earnings, employment, and labor force 330. Panel on Consumer Decision Processes (see also 078, 145, participation rate of the foreign-born and their native- 230, 408) born children, and estimated the impact of immigrants on the aggregate national income in the United States and 331. Transportation of the Elderly in Illinois on the distribution of that income. Completed June 1980. SRL assisted in the design of questionnaires for a study Principal Investigator: Barry Chiswick (SRL/Department to assess characteristics of state-supported transportation of Economics, UICC). Publications 96, 113, 114, 117, 120, services and their users. Completed February 1979. 123, 125, 128, 130, 133, 134, 136, 140.

332. Pseudorabies in Swine 340. Attitudes Toward Wilderness Areas Mail survey with telephone follow-up to determine SRL consulted on sampling techniques and developed a whether differences exist in the swine-raising practices of questionnaire for a mail and telephone survey to farmers who have and have not experience pseudorabies determine how new wilderness users’ attitudes change in their swine herds. This study concluded in May 1979. over time. Publication 1140. 341. Assessment of Regional Adult Education Service Centers 333. Study of Import & Domestic Prices (see also 483) Telephone interview study conducted with 96 persons In 1978, SRL went to stores in four major, geographically involved with adult education and English as a second diverse cities (Atlanta, Los Angeles, Chicago, and language to determine the continuing education needs Philadelphia) to check whether lower prices of imported and desires of adult educators and to evaluate the goods are passed on to consumers. effectiveness of regional adult education service centers in Illinois in meeting those needs. This study ended in 334. Needs Assessment & Employment Attitudes of the Elderly February 1979. in Suburban Cook County SRL conducted personal interviews with 815 342. Survey Measurement of Pension Equity noninstitutionalized persons age 60 and older in six Study for the Office of Survey Development of the regions of suburban Cook County. The purpose was to Department of Health, Education, and Welfare to develop assess the need for supportive services and to determine typologies of private pension plans currently in

82 Forty-Year History of the Survey Research Laboratory operation and to conduct a survey to determine the baseline data measuring the issues, concerns, and levels ability of respondents to report the information needed in of knowledge in people’s minds relating to the 1980 estimating their pension equity. Preliminary work only Census. Included Spanish version of questionnaire. was conducted; study canceled in August 1979. 350. Vulnerability to Abuse of Confidential Personal Data Held 343. Improvement of Interviewing in Social Security by Organizations in the Private Sector (see also 612) Administration Claims Processes Mail survey to assess policies of Fortune 500 companies In this study for the Social Security Administration (SSA), (N=74), banks (N=34), and insurance companies (N=19) SRL observed SSA claims interviews and conducted related to the privacy of employee and client records. This group discussions of problems with interviewers in project concluded in August 1980. Champaign, Illinois; Chicago; Los Angeles; Boston; and Meridian, Mississippi, to identify specific techniques and 351. Perceptions of Income Equity—Sociology Practicum, procedures that have proven effective in survey research Spring 1979 and can be transferred to SSA and Aid to Families with SRL assisted the UIUC Department of Sociology’s Dependent Children claims interviewing processes. Final practicum course and William Form in sampling, report completed November 1979. fieldwork, and data reduction in a survey of Illinois residents to ascertain their attitudes toward the American 344. Social Networks of the Aged (see also 311) economic system and problems experienced as a result of SRL conducted telephone interviews in Evanston, that system. Publications 427, 428. Illinois, for a study to investigate within a social network framework how the elderly maintain their friendship ties. 352. American Library Association Membership Priorities A sample of 154 elderly persons was drawn from Mail survey of the ALA to determine the interest of its respondents to Study 311. members in various ALA activities and concerns. Completed April 1980 345. Chicago Married Couples Panel (see also 030, etc.) (See also 245, 445, 545, 645, 745) 353. Senior Citizen Reduced Fare Pass Program Evaluation Extension of the panel of young married couples to the Personal and telephone interview survey for James Chicago area, under a National Science Foundation Foerster, Department of Urban Sciences, UIUC, to grant, starting with 409 couples married in the summer of determine the Chicago Transit Authority ridership of 1972. Final wave conducted in spring 1981. senior citizen Reduced Fare Pass holders. Completed August 1979. 346. Undergraduate Living in UI Residence Halls SRL assisted in this mail survey of 3,876 students to 354. Study of the Training of Small Agency Probation Officers obtain students’ attitudes toward a variety of residence Study to develop a knowledge base for training probation hall issues. Completed January 1979. officers from small agencies. Involved mail questionnaires from 616 administrators (directors of 347. Mental Health Needs Assessment Survey court services and chief probation officers) and 1,134 Telephone survey ending in March 1980 with 1,019 probation officers nationwide, plus site visits to 36 Champaign County and 109 Ford County residents to agencies. measure the incidence and prevalence of mental health problems and to identify service-seeking behavior. 355. Wilderness Users Study (see also 328, 402, 429, 488, 517, Completed March 1980. 556) Mail and telephone survey as first wave of proposed five- 348. Public Image of the University of Illinois year panel study to determine how the attitudes of Multiphase study involving two surveys to assess the wilderness users of the Boundary Waters Canoe Area in attitudes of University of Illinois alumni toward the Minnesota change over time. Principal Investigator: Robert university. Involved a telephone survey of selected older Young (Department of Forestry, UIUC). alumni (N=301), a mail survey of a random sample of all alumni (N=617) with telephone follow-up of 356. Pesticide Usage Survey nonrespondents (N=75), and a mail survey to collect data Data reduction and data processing for Michael Owen, from University departments, institutes, etc., on the major Department of Agronomy, UIUC, in a study to determine accomplishments of the university in teaching, research, the types and amounts of pesticides, herbicides, and and public service in the past five years. Completed insecticides used on Illinois farms in 1980. October 1979. 357. Public Broadcasting in Illinois 349. Census Promotion Evaluation Pretest SRL drew the sample and produced labels for Donald 1979 telephone interview survey for the U.S. Bureau of Mullaly, Division of Broadcasting, UIUC, for a study that the Census with 151 respondents nationwide to obtain gave Illinois residents an opportunity to express attitudes

1964–2004 83 toward and make suggestions about public TV and opinions about safety and the quality of life in their radio. Conducted during March and April 1979. neighborhoods; done for the Center for Urban Affairs, Northwestern University. 358. Midlife Career Change Telephone interview survey with 203 persons 25–65 365. Feasibility Survey of the Employers of Apprehended years old employed full time in Chicago and Peoria to Undocumented Aliens assess how people feel about making changes in their A pilot project, funded by the Employment and Training occupations or life work roles and what problems arose Administration, U.S. Department of Labor, to test the if they made changes. Principal Investigator: Judith Scott feasibility of interviewing employers regarding their Hunter (Department of Vocational and Technical hiring practices in general and their hiring of Education, UIUC). undocumented aliens in particular. Involved personal interviews with 31 employers in Chicago identified 359. Education of Professional Entry-Level Accountants through the apprehended undocumented aliens whom Mail survey for Gary Siegel, Department of Accounting, they had hired. Completed July 1980. Publications 131, UICC, as a pilot study to establish benchmark measures 140, 185. of student professional orientation resulting from the structure of the educational institution (professional 366. Highway Data (see also 421, 466) school of accountancy or graduate accountancy SRL set up a data base management system and did department) attended. keypunching and analysis of data on Georgia and Illinois highways for Michael Darter, Department of Civil 360. Travel Destination of Chicago Transit Authority Riders Engineering, UIUC. Completed April 1981. Publication SRL assisted in data collection for this study, which 116. involved distributing 1–1.5 million self-administered questionnaires on Chicago Transit Authority lines to 367. Adult Educational Activities & Preferences in Illinois obtain trip destination of CTA rides during a two-to Telephone interview survey for the Illinois Board of three-week period; done for James Foerster, Department Higher Education involving interviews with 4,003 of Urban Sciences, UICC, with funding from the Chicago Illinois residents to gather information on enrollments in Transit Authority. SRL’s work extended from April courses or programs at specific locations and through June 1979. Publication 421. institutions, to determine what is being studied and why, and to identify educational needs and barriers to 361. Program Development for Part-Time Faculty of attendance. SRL conducted this survey from June Community Colleges through November 1979. 1979 telephone interview survey of 92 community college administrators in Illinois for Charles Kozoll, 368. The Illinois Horse Industry Office of Continuing Education and Public Service, Mail survey for the Illinois Department of Agriculture UIUC, to evaluate the impact of a program development (IDOA) to determine how successful the incentive project for part-time faculty members. programs administered by IDOA have been in increasing the number of Illinois race horses and also to ascertain 362. Library Affirmative Action Study characteristics of horse owners and breeders. Involved SRL assisted the ALA in a mail survey to collect 759 horse owners, breeders, and enterprises in Illinois. information on the sex and racial/ethnic background of the professional staffs of academic and public libraries 369. Vocational & Technical Education School Evaluation II (see to determine compliance with federal Affirmative Action also 337, 397, 425, 456, 498, 541) guidelines. Involved mail questionnaires from 1,057 Processing of 1979–1980 data for a study of planning directors of academic and public libraries nationwide. and evaluation of votech programs in selected Illinois Completed June 1981. Publication 8. school districts; done for Barbara Macikas, Department of Vocational and Technical Education, UIUC. Completed 363. Construction Engineering Research Laboratory’s June 1980. Systems Building Manufacturer Profile From May through December 1979, SRL conducted a 370. Compensation Policies for Overload Instruction in mail survey for the U.S. Army Construction Engineering Executive Development Programs Research Laboratory of manufacturers of prefabricated Mail survey of university administrators nationwide for building products and services that could be used in Robert Nelson, Executive Development Center, UIUC, to military construction. gather information on faculty compensation for short courses (N=20) and executive development programs 364. Adaptations to Crime (N=17). Completed March 1980. Telephone interview survey of 1,803 adult residents of the Chicago metropolitan area to ascertain their

84 Forty-Year History of the Survey Research Laboratory 371. Study of Fair Employment Practices Commission— methodological experiments to evaluate the potential General Public effectiveness of network sampling for identifying a 1979 telephone interview survey of Illinois households national sample of cancer patients, and to test for the Office of the Auditor General, State of Illinois, to alternative methods of collecting detailed medical, determine people’s awareness, perceptions, and use of health care services utilization, and cost-of-care data the Fair Employment Practices Commission and other from cancer patients. Publications 255, 262, 695, 868, 869. State job discrimination programs. 378. Disability Provisions in Private Pension Plans 372. Study of Fair Employment Practices Commission— Mail survey of 5,000 business establishments in the Advocacy Groups United States, conducted under subcontract with Mail survey of advocacy groups in Illinois for the Office Thomas Jacobs and Associates, Chicago, with funding of the Auditor General, State of Illinois, to ascertain their from the Social Security Administration, to ascertain the contact with and attitudes toward the Fair Employment extent to which workers under private pension plans are Practices Commission. covered by disability provisions, the nature of this coverage, and the experience with such provisions over 373. Analysis of Nutrient Intake of the Aged the past decade. Preliminary work only; study canceled Questionnaire construction and interviewer training in a August 1981. pilot study involving personal interviews, observation at meals, and recall interviews with elderly persons in 379. Obtaining Improved Reports From Consumers on Life households and nursing homes in Champaign County to Insurance & Durable Goods assess the feasibility of obtaining dietary recall Study for the Assistant Secretary for Planning and information from the elderly. Principal Investigator: Evaluation, DHHS, to investigate methods for obtaining MaryBeth Buschman (College of Nursing, UIMC). improved reports from consumers about two components of net worth, equity in life insurance and 374. Illinois Reminiscence Survey ownership of durable goods. Included a personal Telephone interview study, completed in February 1980, interview survey with 944 persons in the Chicago SMSA with 662 Illinois adults to investigate what the teenage involving five experimental treatments: advance mail years were like for persons in various age cohorts. questionnaires asking households to complete a Principal Investigator: Marcus Felson (Department of checklist of the characteristics of their life insurance Sociology, UIUC). versus no advance contact, compensation versus no compensation, and self-administered questionnaires 375. Effects of Changes in Food Stamp Program about ownership of durable goods sent to households in Telephone interview survey of persons eligible to advance of the personal interview on life insurance participate in the food stamp program in Chicago to learn (included compensation). Completed July 1981. why food stamps are or are not used and the effect of dropping the purchase requirement for stamps on 380. Net Worth Survey Development Research Center (see also program participation and on food expenditures. 424) Completed September 1980. Principal Investigator: Janet This center, funded by the Department of Health and Hunter-Holmes (Department of Family and Consumer Human Services Office of Survey Development to assist Economics, UIUC). in the development of the Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP), performed various tasks aimed at 376. The Effects of Immigration on Unemployment & Earnings improving the reliability of data collected on net worth, in the United States including such components as vehicles, consumer Study funded by the Bureau of International Labor durables, insurance, pension equity, savings accounts, Affairs, U.S. Department of Labor, and conducted by stocks and bonds, farm land, business assets, and Barry Chiswick, SRL and UICC Department of mortgages. Ended summer 1981, when work was Economics, to analyze the unemployment experience of continued as Study 424. Publications 763, 764, 766. immigrants and to estimate the impact of immigrants on the unemployment and earnings of the native-born 381. Approaches to Cancer Patient Management population in the United States. This study was Assistance in 1981 to Richard Warnecke, SRL, UICC, in completed in November 1981. Publications 96, 116, 128, producing a monograph for the National Cancer 131, 133, 134, 136, 140, 185. Institute describing the development and experiences of seven regional networks of hospitals and physicians 377. Household Network Surveys of Cancer Care Costs: Pilot involved in the management of head and neck cancer Study (see also 477, 577, 677) patients using a new system of health care delivery. Two and one-half year project, ending in September 1982, Publications 292, 293, 1099, 1100. for the National Center for Health Statistics and the National Cancer Institute involving a series of

1964–2004 85 382. Generic Drug Prescription Costs 389. Health Care Seeking Behavior—Spring 1980 Sociology SRL assisted Jesse Stewart, College of Pharmacy, UIMC, Practicum in a study involving checking pharmacists’ prescription SRL assisted the UIUC Department of Sociology and records to figure out cost savings to consumers as a result William Cockerham in a telephone survey of Illinois of the 1978 Illinois generic drug laws. Completed April residents conducted as part of the practicum course in 1980. research methods to ascertain determinants of seeking health care for illness or injury. SRL’s help included 383. Elderly Volunteer Interviewing sampling, supervising student interviewers, conducting Pilot study to develop a methodology for conducting cost- additional interviews, and providing a clean data file. effective surveys of the aged by using elderly volunteers Publications 229, 857, 1060. as interviewers. Work suspended May 1980 due to insufficient recruitment of the elderly. Principal 390. Married Couples Relationship Survey Investigator: Stanley Steinkamp (Department of Telephone interview survey involving 469 interviews Economics, UIUC). with wives of intact marriages in Champaign-Urbana to ascertain satisfactions and dissatisfactions experienced 384. Bell Marketing Management Program Evaluation in marriage. This survey was conducted from February Telephone interview study with 164 Bell Systems through May 1980. Principal Investigator: John Gottman managers nationwide to evaluate the effects of a Bell (Department of Psychology, UIUC). executive program for job relevance, usefulness of information, and feedback from participants. Principal 391. Faculty Attitudes Toward Continuing Education & Public Investigator: Jagdish Sheth (College of Commerce and Service Business Administration, UIUC). Mail survey for the UI Office of the Associate Vice President for Public Service to assess the involvement 385. Attitudes Toward Air Pollution and interest of UI faculty in extension courses, together Telephone interview survey conducted January through with noninstructional services, technical assistance, and May 1980 for the Chicago Lung Association of 407 adults consultation directed to problems or to decisions in the in the Chicago SMSA to assess attitudes toward air public interest. Completed January 1981. pollution in the Chicago area, particularly auto pollution and emissions inspection programs. Publication 711. 392. Operation Ranch Hand Interviewer Training Study for U.S. Air Force to train Air Force personnel on 386. Longitudinal Study of Technological Innovation in the Food telephone interviewing techniques for a study measuring Processing Sector the effects on those who were involved in Operation Mail survey focusing on the food processing sector and Ranch Hand in Vietnam. Never started. examining factors that influence innovativeness of organizations, information and manpower flows, and 393. Cost-Effective Methods for Collecting Health Data governmental actions. SRL’s part involved Project funded by the National Center for Health Services questionnaires to the top organizational managers in Research and conducted by Seymour Sudman, SRL, organizations in the food packaging industry UIUC, to test a variety of diary-based methods for nationwide. Principal Investigator: John Ettlie (Department collecting health information from the general of Management, DePaul University). Completed August population, looking at both the quality of the data and 1981. the cost-effectiveness of each method. Involved 1,316 households in Illinois divided among various treatments: 387. Illinois Research Readership Survey one-month versus two-month diary; initial face-to-face 1980 mail survey for the UIUC College of Agriculture to versus telephone interview; no, mail, or telephone follow- determine reader attitudes toward Illinois Research, a ups; initial versus no initial payment; and guaranteed publication containing summaries of recent research in versus contingent compensation. This project was various agricultural fields by UI researchers. completed in December 1982. Publications 1023, 1030.

388. Family Size & Later Kin Contacts 394. Beliefs About Social Stratification (see also 518) Personal interview survey to examine the quantity and 1980 telephone interview survey to investigate quality of parent-adult child contacts after children leave Americans’ beliefs about social stratification, how these home, as affected by family size. Involved 58 Notre Dame beliefs are organized, their causes, and their alumni in the Chicago metropolitan area and consequences. Involved interviews nationwide with Northwestern Indiana in their first marriage with at least 1,507 general population plus 402 African Americans two children. Principal Investigators: Joan Aldous and and 303 affluent respondents. Principal Investigators: David Klein (University of Notre Dame). Publications 4, 5, James Kluegel (Department of Sociology, UIUC) and Eliot 6. Smith (Department of Sociology, University of California at Riverside). Publications 68, 567.

86 Forty-Year History of the Survey Research Laboratory 395. Management Perceptions of Bottlenecks in Cash Flow Electrical Trade Union apprenticeships. Completed Forecasting October 1980. SRL assisted James Gentry, Department of Finance, UIUC, in a mail survey of 800 companies in the United 402. Panel Study of Wilderness Area Users II (see also States, 200 in Australia, 300 in India, and 200 in France 328, 355, 402, 429, 488, 517, 556) to determine the cash flow forecasting procedures used Nationwide mail questionnaire panel study for Robert by these companies. Completed June 1981. Publication Young, UIUC Department of Forestry, to determine how 436. new users’ attitudes toward wilderness areas change over time. Involved 214 new users of the Boundary 396. Valuation of a Small Business Waters Canoe Area in Minnesota and 268 new users of Study for the Income Survey Development Program, the John Muir Wilderness Area in California. This work DHHS, to develop methods for estimating the market was completed in February 1982. value of a small business. Work began in July 1980 but was discontinued in Febuary 1982. 403. Sample Selection for the Second International Mathematics Study 397. Vocational and Technical Education School Evaluation III Pilot study for the U.S. National Coordinating Center, (see also 337, 369, 425, 456, 498, 541) Second International Mathematics Study, to identify Processing the third year data on votech programs in procedures that would maximize cooperation of selected Illinois schools for Barbara Macikas, Department superintendents, principals, and teachers in the U.S. of Vocational and Technical Education, UIUC. portion of this international study conducted in 1981- Completed June 1981. 1982 to assess teaching methods and student achievement in mathematics on the 8th and 12th grade 398. Produce Buyer Survey levels in U.S. schools. A national three-stage probability Telephone interview survey of 406 residents of St. Clair, sample was then selected consisting of public school Madison, and Bond Counties in Illinois to determine districts, public and private schools, and individual whether produce shopping patterns are related to math classes. Procedures for securing cooperation were demographics, attitudes, and life styles. Principal administered at each stage by mail and telephone. The Investigator: Randy Westgren (Department of final sample consisted of over 500 math classes Agricultural Economics, UIUC). nationwide. Publication 671.

399. AT&T Growth Rate (see also 420, 447, 468, 475) 404. Physicians’ Satisfaction with Method of Compensation 1980 telephone interview survey of 643 institutions to 1980 mail survey for the Carle Clinic Association (CCA), determine the extent to which institutions use long-term Urbana, of CCA practitioners to determine their attitudes growth projections in making stock investment decisions, toward the present income distribution method at the what their growth estimate is for AT&T, and what Clinic and what factors they believe should be taken into sources of information they use for these estimates. account in reevaluating the current method. Principal Investigator: Charles Linke (Department of Finance, UIUC). 405. Cancer Information Needs—Extension (see also 319) Continuation of project for the Illinois Cancer Council to 400. Survey of Facilities Engineer Personnel & Users in the determine and evaluate the most effective means of National Capitol Region Consolidation (see also 438) communicating information about the prevention and Study for the U.S. Army Construction Engineering early detection of cancer of specific sites (breast, cervix/ Research Laboratory to collect baseline data before the uterus, colon/rectum, skin, and lung) to hard-to-reach consolidation under one command of property rural and urban population groups in Illinois and to maintenance operations of eight military installations in identify factors that might inhibit behavior once proper the Washington, DC, area. Involved group self- information and motivation are present. Involved administered questionnaires for 1,400 members of the telephone interviews with a panel of approximately 960 property maintenance work force and mail Illinois residents interviewed in Study 319 and mail questionnaires to 1,500 office staff and occupants of questionnaires sent to approximately 1,100 physicians. family housing, with telephone follow-ups for the office Principal Investigator: Richard B. Warnecke, SRL/Illinois staff. Study completed in June 1981. Cancer Council. This project was completed in October 1982. Publication 463. 401. “Application for Apprenticeship in the Electrical Trade” Forms 406. Urban Parks & Recreation Recovery Coding, keypunching, and cleaning of approximately SRL assisted the Village of Oak Park (Illinois) in a mail 4,000 application forms in a study by Judson Miner of survey of 925 Oak Park residents to assess public use of Davis, Miner and Barnhill (Chicago) to determine park and recreational facilities in Oak Park. Completed whether there has been systematic discrimination in May 1981.

1964–2004 87 407. Identifying Requirements for Conversion to Housing 413. Develop Methodology for Two National Surveys: A Survey Operation Management Systems of Paired Individuals in Households & a Survey of Study for the U.S. Army Construction Engineering Individuals in Residential Institutions Research Laboratory to analyze the housing management Study conducted in conjunction with NORC to develop procedures on U.S. Army installations and the flow of methodologies for two sets of surveys of slightly, information about housing availability and furnishings. moderately, and severely impaired individuals (physical and mental impairments): one set of surveys to reach 408. Monograph on Economic Programs & Impact of those living in households and the other to reach those Immigrants (see also 330, 376) living in institutions. Work on 412 (Institutions) Assistance to Barry Chiswick, SRL, and UICC terminated and work on 411 (Joint Issues) and 413 Department of Economics, in further analysis and (Households) suspended in July 1981. preparation for publication of a monograph on the economic progress and impact of immigrants based on 414. Executive Research Methods Workshop, May 1981 reports from Studies 339 and 376. Completed July 1982. Workshop canceled. Publications 96, 117, 120, 131, 133, 134, 136, 140, 185. 415. UICC Research Board Study 409. Elementary School Curriculum of Chicago Heart 1981 mail survey for the UICC Research Board of UICC Association (see also 453) faculty members to assess the effectiveness of Research Data reduction and data processing in 1981 for Laurna Board funding and to solicit attitudes about Board Rubinson, Department of Health and Safety Education, funding and programs. UIUC, in a study to assess the effects on Chicago elementary school students and their parents of a 416. Determinants of Residential Mobility—1981 Sociology curriculum program sponsored by the Chicago Heart Practicum Association. SRL assisted the UIUC Department of Sociology’s practicum course and Roland Liebert in the sampling, 410. Jobs & Workers in Metropolitan Work Force interviewing, and data reduction for a telephone Telephone interview survey in the Chicago SMSA with interview survey of Illinois residents to assess the 2,713 employed individuals and 1,640 employers to determinants of residential mobility. investigate both the process of “social rewarding” within variously defined economic sectors and the process of 417. Job Satisfaction of Community College Faculty allocation (of individuals) to those sectors. Included 1981 telephone interview survey of 42 instructors at Spanish version. This project ended in June 1982. community colleges in Illinois for Charles Kozoll, Office Principal Investigators: Wayne Villemez and William of Continuing Education and Public Service, UIUC, to Bridges (Department of Sociology, UICC). determine what factors contribute to job satisfaction among community college faculty. 411. Develop Methodology for Two National Surveys: A Survey of Paired Individuals in Households & a Survey of 418. Survey of Illinois Republican Committeemen Individuals in Residential Institutions Telephone interview survey of 423 Republican Study conducted in conjunction with NORC to develop committeemen in Illinois (excluding Cook County) as methodologies for two sets of surveys of slightly, part of a larger study to describe the environment in moderately, and severely impaired individuals (physical which political parties operate and to understand how and mental impairments): one set of surveys to reach the recruitment of candidates and the mobilization of those living in households and the other to reach those voters are affected by the relations among and within living in institutions. Work on 412 (Institutions) party segments. Principal Investigator: Mildred Schwartz terminated and work on 411 (Joint Issues) and 413 (Department of Sociology, UICC). (Households) suspended in July 1981. 419. Elderly Patient Satisfaction 412. Develop Methodology for Two National Surveys: A Survey Telephone interview survey conducted in 1981 for the of Paired Individuals in Households & a Survey of Visiting Nurse Association (VNA) of Chicago of 109 Individuals in Residential Institutions discharged VNA clients age 65 or older in the Chicago Study conducted in conjunction with NORC to develop area to determine the satisfaction of elderly VNA clients methodologies for two sets of surveys of slightly, with the care they received. moderately, and severely impaired individuals (physical and mental impairments): one set of surveys to reach 420. AT&T Growth Rate Follow-Up (see also 339, 447, 468, 475) those living in households and the other to reach those Telephone interview survey of 679 institutions for living in institutions. Work on 412 (Institutions) Charles Linke, Department of Finance, UIUC, as a follow- terminated and work on 411 (Joint Issues) and 413 up nine months after first wave of interviews to (Households) suspended in July 1981.

88 Forty-Year History of the Survey Research Laboratory determine the extent to which institutions use long-term survey project on rural health care. Completed March growth projections in making stock investment decisions, 1982. their growth estimate for AT&T, and their information sources for making these estimates. Completed January 428. Survey of Elderly Homeowners in Lake County 1982. Personal interview survey for the UIUC Housing Research and Development Program with a sample of 421. Highway Data II (see also 366, 466) 412 elderly homeowners in Lake County, Illinois, to Data reduction and highway data processing of assess the needs of older homeowners for alternative additional highway data for Michael Darter, Department housing options such as lower cost housing, low of Civil Engineering, UIUC; completed September 1982. maintenance housing, or barrier-free housing. Publication 554. 422. CERL Environmental Impact Study Questionnaire construction in 1981 for the U.S. Army 429. Panel Study of Wilderness Area Users III (see also 328, 355, Construction Engineering Research Laboratory for 402, 488, 517, 556) survey of the environmental impact of operations on Third wave of a nationwide mail survey for Robert various military installations. Young (UIUC Department of Forestry), to examine changes in the attitudes of users of wilderness areas. 423. Human Response to Artillery Blast Noise (see also 432) Involved two panels, one of 282 users of the Boundary Study for the U.S. Army Construction Engineering Waters Canoe Area in Minnesota and the other of 322 Research Laboratory to investigate human response to users of the John Muir Wilderness Area in California. noise and vibration due to blast events in the Fort Lewis, Washington, artillery range and to assess annoyance 430. Panel on Consumer Decision Processes (see also 078, 145, reactions of local residents to noise heard and to noise- 230) induced interference with ordinary living activities. Involved face-to-face interviews with 1,307 residents in 431. Survey of Tipping Practices by Consumers (see also 531, the Fort Lewis area. This project concluded in December 601) 1981. Project for the Internal Revenue Service to gather data for assessing the degree of underreporting of tipping income 424. Net Worth II (see also 380) to the IRS and for developing guidelines to assist the IRS Continuation of work on net worth for the DHHS Office in detecting possible delinquencies in the reporting of of Survey Development, specifically to analyze and tipping income. The first phase involved telephone evaluate 1979 Research Panel asset data and to interviews with 935 households in the continental U.S. experiment with various nonresponse imputation and diaries maintained for six months by half of the procedures and make recommendations for SIPP 12,800 members of the Crest panel operated by NPD imputation. Completed June 1982. Publications 763, 764, Research, Inc. Further work involved diaries for members 766. of the NPD panel for additional time periods. Work on this project ended in December 1985. Publications 663, 425. Vocational & Technical Education School Evaluation IV 767, 768. (see also 337, 369, 397, 456, 498, 541) Data reduction and data processing for Barbara Macikas, 432. Review Community Attitudes Study Questionnaire Department of Vocational and Technical Education, 1982 extension of work on Study 423 for the U.S. Army UIUC, of the fourth year of data to evaluate votech Construction Engineering Research Laboratory. programs offered in all schools in Illinois. Completed June 1982. 433. Construction Noise in Atlanta: Telephone Interviews Telephone follow-ups in 1982 for the U.S. Army 426. Community Information & Education Service Evaluation Construction Engineering Research Laboratory with 45 Study respondents who previously were interviewed in person 1981 telephone interview survey with 165 officials and in Atlanta about construction noise in their leaders of communities served by the Community neighborhood. Information and Education Service (CIES) program in Central Illinois. Conducted for Charles Kozoll, Office of 434. Airport Noise Demonstration Project—Community Noise Continuing Education and Public Service, UIUC, to Survey identify the issues and problems of communities in Telephone interview study for the Illinois Department of Central Illinois and to evaluate the CIES program. Energy and Natural Resources to assess the frequency and intensity of noise from aircraft using the Decatur, 427. Rural Health Care Illinois, airport and the effects on the lifestyles of nearby Consulting for Market Facts, Inc. to help them finish a residents. Department of Health and Human Services-funded

1964–2004 89 435. American Dental Hygienists’ Association Survey and to assess their educational barriers and needs. Survey for the American Dental Hygienists’ Association Publication 483. to examine the attitudes of dental hygienists and dentists toward the role of hygienists in dental care, to gather 441. Decision-Making Processes in Department of Children & information on the role of relationships between dentists Family Services and hygienists, and to examine the attitudes of the Data analysis and data base management for a project to general public toward hygienist-provided care. Involved develop criteria for decision making and related mail questionnaires to a nationwide sample of dental information requirements at child welfare intake. hygienists (N=1,503) and dentists (N=247) and RDD Principal Investigator: Ted Stein (Jane Addams School of telephone interviews with 522 members of the general Social Work, UICC). population nationwide. Publications 589, 590, 1065. 442. Growth Estimates for People’s Energy (see also 497) 436. Public Aid Client/Employee Relations (see also 494) Telephone interview survey to obtain growth estimates Telephone interview study for the Illinois Department of for People’s Energy (before and after reorganization) from Public Aid with ten applicants for public assistance each the top 20 companies holding that stock. Principal month for six months in each of 35 offices statewide to Investigator: Charles Linke (Department of Finance, determine the quality of interpersonal relationships UIUC). between applicants/recipients and Department personnel. Included Spanish version. Ended March 1982, 443. Study of Meat Packers, Processors, & Retailers when work was continued as Study 494. Study to gather data about the buying and selling of meat from processors, wholesalers, and retailers of meat. 437. Consumer Panel Data File Construction (see also 030, etc., Involved pre-mailing telephone calls to identify the & 145, etc.) appropriate respondent, followed by mail questionnaires SRL assisted Roy Howell, UIUC Department of Business sent to meat packers, processors, retailers, and brokers Administration, in reformatting and making corrections throughout the United States. Principal Investigator: in data files from the Peoria-Decatur and Chicago Mohamed Sarhan (Department of Agricultural Consumer Panels (030 etc., and 145, etc.). Economics, UIUC).

438. Survey of Facilities Engineer Service Users (see also 400) 444. Work Stratification: 1982 Sociology Practicum (see also 1982 follow-up study for the U.S. Army Construction 464, 512, 624, 654) Engineering Research Laboratory to determine effects of SRL assisted the UIUC Department of Sociology’s consolidating under one command the maintenance and practicum course and Joe Spaeth in the sampling, engineering operations on three military installations in interviewer supervision, and data reduction for a Washington, DC. Involved personal interviews and mail telephone interview survey of 557 employed persons in questionnaires for authorized personnel one year after Illinois to develop and test measures of work the consolidation. stratification and to assess the effects of work stratification on earnings. Publications 303, 305, 445, 908, 439. Study to Determine Flooding Characteristics of Selected 909, 912. Drainage Areas Within the Chicagoland Underflow Plan Area (see also 539, 639, 739) 445. Chicago Married Couples Panel: Wave 4 (see also 030, etc.) Study for the Chicago District of the U.S. Army Corps of (See also 245, 345, 545, 645, 745) Engineers to determine the characteristics of flooding events in selected sewer drainage areas for designated 446. Information Needs of Agriculture-Related Industry rain events by collecting and analyzing economic and Nationwide mail survey completed in January 1983 of flood frequency data within the Chicago land Underflow 269 leading farmers, 180 farm lenders, and 87 farm Plan study area. Involved telephone interviews with management consultants to ascertain what kind of residents of single family dwellings in 15 sewer drainage information they felt was critical for them to have in order areas to yield approximately 200 interviews per area. to manage their businesses over the next ten years. Completed September 1984. Publication 1090. Principal Investigator: Steve Sonka (Department of Agricultural Economics, UIUC). 440. Health Care Practices & Education Activities in Illinois 447. AT&T Study Part III (see also 399, 420, 468, 475) 1982 telephone interview study jointly sponsored by the Telephone interview survey of approximately 250 Illinois Department of Public Health, the Illinois Board of institutions for Charles Linke, Department of Finance, Higher Education, and the Education Commission of the UIUC, as a further follow-up on a study of AT&T growth States to examine factors associated with health among estimates. Illinois residents, to ascertain courses and other forms of instruction taken by Illinois residents in the past year,

90 Forty-Year History of the Survey Research Laboratory 448. Illinois State Bar Association Survey II (see also 210) dairy farmers in Illinois. Publications 1070, 1071, 1080, Mail survey of attorneys in Illinois for the Illinois State 1081. Bar Association to update the economic and professional information gathered in a similar survey (Study 210) in 455. One Stop Services: Reimbursable Support Staffing 1975. Completed March 1983. In 1982, SRL analyzed records for the U.S. Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratory from past 449. Flexitime Work Schedules projects to develop guidelines for staffing requirements In 1982, SRL performed data reduction and data for military construction districts. processing for the Illinois Department of Energy and Natural Resources on three surveys assessing attitudes 456. Vocational & Technical Education School Evaluation V (see toward flexitime work schedules at its offices: a primary also 337, 369, 397, 425, 498, 541) survey (n=575), a management supplement (n=150), and Involved the coding, data entry, cleaning, and analysis of a postimplementation survey (n=180). the fifth year of data evaluating the effectiveness of votech programs in all types of schools in the state. Completed 450. Illinois Poll: Summer 1982 June 1983. This statewide omnibus survey was sponsored by seven clients and included questions on road conditions and 457. Case Control Study of Invasive Cervical Cancer funding, traffic safety laws, attitudes toward energy This epidemiologic study, conducted for the Illinois usage, home energy behaviors, attitudes toward higher Cancer Council under contract from Westat, Inc., with education and the University of Illinois, attitudes toward funding from the National Cancer Institute, was the local government, medical costs and problems of Illinois portion of a national study to identify Medicare users, pet ownership, and attitudes toward environmental and/or lifestyle exposures that may family planning and abortion. Telephone interviews contribute to the occurrence of cervical cancer. The were completed in June and July 1982 with 1,056 Illinois Illinois study involved face-to-face interviews with a total residents, using RDD in the Chicago MSA and telephone sample of 450 women, composed of 200 cases with directory sampling elsewhere in the state. Publication 722. invasive or in situ cervical cancer and 250 control group cases living in roughly the same geographic areas as the 451. Survey Research Model for the Head Start Needs patients with invasive cancer (that is, within a 100-mile Assessment radius of the Chicago MSA). Included Spanish version. Development of a survey research model to be used by the This study was completed in November 1984. Principal Chicago Department of Human Services in conducting a Investigator: Len Vernick (Illinois Cancer Council). series of community needs assessment surveys. SRL Publications 86, 88, 863, 1061, 1124, 1125, 1142, 1143. wrote a survey methods manual and developed a draft of a questionnaire for a Head Start needs assessment 458. Buyers & Sellers of Real Estate survey. Telephone interviews with 40 pairs of recent buyers and sellers of real estate in the Champaign-Urbana area were 452. Family-Oriented Versus Institutional Services Study conducted in the summer of 1982 for Joseph Ben-Ur, This study for the Illinois Department of Mental Health Department of Business Administration, UIUC. The and Developmental Disabilities sought to ascertain purpose was to assess the power relation between buyer existing attitudes about home care versus and seller in the negotiation of a transaction in the institutionalization of people with mental or private home market and to estimate its effect on reaching developmental problems (the mentally ill and the an agreement, making concessions, and the level of mentally retarded). Telephone interviews were completed satisfaction of the involved parties. with 514 members of the general population statewide. 459. Pilot Project to Develop Telephone Methodology to 453. Elementary School Curriculum of Chicago Heart Investigate Risk Factors Associated with Trophoblastic Association (see also 409) Disease Part of Study 409. Funded by the Illinois Cancer Council, the purposes of this pilot study were (a) to develop and test a 454. Erosion & Sediment Control on Illinois Farmland: The questionnaire to investigate trophoblastic disease risk Farmer in Conflict with Society (see also 525) factors, (b) to determine whether female interviewers can This study, which concluded in September 1983, sought conduct interviews with men regarding sensitive to develop statistical models of the relationships among questions of sexual history and behavior, and (c) to farm firm economic considerations, agronomic conduct a case-control study of women and their considerations, and relevant farmer values and attitudes husbands using the developed questionnaire and in explaining erosion control behavior. Telephone compare the quality of data from telephone interviews interviews were completed with 526 hog, grain, and with that from face-to-face interviews. Involved telephone interviews with 31 women and 14 of their husbands, and

1964–2004 91 face-to-face interviews with 8 women and 6 husbands. 465. Forest Owners Survey Completed August 1982. Principal Investigators: Ronald Survey for Robert Young, UIUC Department of Forestry, Czaja and Johnny Blair (SRL) and Gerald Sharp (Illinois to ascertain the attitudes and practices related to the Cancer Council). Publication 251. management of privately owned forestland in Illinois. SRL conducted telephone interviews with 620 forestland 460. Hospital Discharge Study managers. Personal interview study to investigate the needs for assistance of elderly, noninstitutionalized people upon 466. Highway Data III (see also 366, 421) discharge from the hospital, and to evaluate the SRL keypunched, verified, and loaded more highway effectiveness of a program in northwest Cook County, data into the SIR file started with Study 366 for Michael Illinois, designed to improve service delivery to the Darter, Department of Civil Engineering, UIUC. Work elderly by improving the coordination among agencies concluded in June 1983. responsible for this function. Involved two rounds of face-to-face interviews with 738 individuals age 70 and 467. Collaborative Study of Children with Special Needs (see older in northwest Cook County and Lake County, one also 489, 557) within 21 days of hospital discharge and one Telephone interview study for the Children’s Hospital approximately six months later. Completed February Medical Center, Boston, funded by the Robert Wood 1984. Johnson Foundation, to evaluate the effect of new special education policies on the health and functioning of 461. Pesticide & Herbicide Usage Among Illinois Farm children with handicaps, various educational settings Operators and programs, and health care services. SRL interviewed Statewide mail survey, completed March 1983, of 1,726 parents, 954 teachers, and 414 physicians at five approximately 2,100 farmers to obtain information on sites in the United States. Completed November 1983. types and quantities of chemicals used, methods of application, total acres treated, timing of applications, 468. AT&T Study Part IV (see also 399, 420, 447, 475) types of pests controlled, and safety procedures used. A replication of Study 447 for Charles Linke of the Principal Investigator: David Pike (Department of Department of Finance, UIUC. Agronomy, UIUC). 469. Membership Survey of American Medical Records 462. Governor’s Purchased Care Review Board Programming Association (see also 592, 662, 696, 715) SRL provided advice and assistance on statistical and SRL assisted the American Medical Record Association analytical issues to JoAnn Day of the Governor’s in questionnaire construction, data reduction, and data Purchased Care Review Board. processing for a national mail survey of its 25,000 members to develop a profile of the membership. 463. District Representation & Satisfaction with City Government 470. Measurement of Response Error in Estimating Social Telephone survey funded by the National Science Network Size Foundation to determine the impact of change from at- The National Science Foundation funded this project that large to district representation on citizens’ perceptions of consisted of a series of experiments to measure the effects their own access to city government and on their of alternative procedures (recall, recognition, and evaluation of the quality and equity of services that city numerical estimation) for determining the size of social government provides. SRL interviewed 1,007 residents of networks. Involved telephone interviews with members voting age in selected cities in the southern U.S. with at- of work, church, and social groups of varying sizes in large and district methods of city council elections. Illinois. This project was conducted from November 1982 Completed February 1983. Principal Investigator: Peggy to May 1985. Principal Investigator: Seymour Sudman Heilig (Department of Political Science, UIUC). (SRL). Publication 972.

464. Earnings & Work Stratification (see also 444, 512, 624, 654) 471. Analysis Files for Food Consumption Survey Data Tapes Telephone interviews with supervisors, and their Development of SIR/DBMS data base and analysis file in supervisors up the organizations’ hierarchical chains, of 1983 for Kristin Kline, Department of Family and a subsample of 148 employed persons in Illinois who Consumer Economics, UIUC. were respondents to Study 444; conducted to evaluate dimensions of work stratification as determinants of 472. Survey of Business School Faculties earnings. Ended March 1983, when work was continued SRL helped Marianne Ferber, Department of Economics, as Study 512. Principal Investigators: Joe Spaeth (SRL/ UIUC, with development of two questionnaires (one for Department of Sociology, UIUC) and Marianne Ferber faculty, one for deans), preparation of a proposal, and (Department of Economics, UIUC). Publications 303, 305, secondary analysis of data gathered by Joe Spaeth in 445, 908, 909, 912.

92 Forty-Year History of the Survey Research Laboratory Studies 444 and 464. Work was completed in March planning and development and to evaluate current 1983. municipal services.

473. Absenteeism & Health Benefits 481. Knowledge & Attitudes Toward Nutrition Among Men in Analysis of data from personnel files for 35,516 blue Champaign-Urbana collar workers at four Midwest plant locations of a major Telephone interview study to assess the extent and auto manufacturer to examine factors inherent in the knowledge of men age 24 or older toward nutrition. utilization of health care covered by HMO and indemnity Questionnaire included dietary information on previous forms of insurance, to explore absenteeism due to the 24 hours. Completed October 1983. Principal Investigator: need to seek healthcare, and to determine the differences Carol Ries (Department of Foods and Nutrition, UIUC). in the resulting cost of health benefits to the employer. Sponsored by the John A. Hartford Foundation of New 482. Case Control Study of the Relationship Between York City. Completed August 1985. Principal Investigator: Cholecystectomy & Subsite-Specific Large Bowel Cancer: Gwynne Winsberg (College of Medicine, UIC). Pretest (see also 505) In this 1983 study, which was a pretest for an 474. Central Illinois Entertainment epidemiologic case control study to determine if Questionnaire development, data reduction, and data cholecystectomy is a risk factor for certain colon and processing of mail questionnaires for Camille Hardy, rectal cancers, 43 telephone interviews were conducted Assistant to the Dean of the College of Fine and Applied with individuals in Chicago with colon cancer and with Arts, UIUC, to ascertain entertainment preferences in their spouses as controls. Principal Investigator: Leonard several cities surrounding Champaign-Urbana. Vernick (Illinois Cancer Council).

475. AT&T Study Part V (see also 399, 420, 447, 468) 483. Footwear Study (see also 333) Another wave of telephone interviewing for Charles Study of footwear prices in stores in Atlanta, Chicago, Linke, Department of Finance, UIUC, completed in July, Los Angeles, and Philadelphia, comparing imported and 1983. domestically produced shoes. Conducted for William Cline of International Economic Analysis, Inc., as a 476. Water Demand Study replication of the footwear portion of Study 333. 1983 telephone interview study with 104 customers of rural water districts in several Illinois locations to learn 484. Public Perceptions of the Criminal Justice System—1983 about their usage of water (including their perceptions of Sociology Practicum amounts used and the cost) and to try to relate price of SRL assisted the UIUC Department of Sociology’s water to demand thereof. Principal Investigator: David practicum course and James Kluegel and Michael Chicoine (Department of Agricultural Administration, Gottfredson in the sampling, interviewing, and data UIUC). Publications 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 265, reduction for a telephone interview survey of Illinois 780. residents on various aspects of crime and its punishment. Publications 565, 566. 477. Household Network Surveys of Cancer Care Costs: Pilot Study (see also 377, 577, 677) 485. Intergenerational Transfer of Values Continuation of the Household Network Surveys of Telephone interview study for the UIUC Department of Cancer Care Costs: A Research Pilot Study. Family and Consumption Economics with 604 Illinois households having at least one child under 19 years of 478. AMA Real Estate Survey age, to see if parents pass on to their children the same Telephone interviews conducted nationwide in 1983 for values that they learned from their parents and to assess the American Medical Association with 302 members other aspects of family life and household consumption. and 301 nonmembers of the AMA to assess their interest Completed April 1984. in a proposed AMA real estate program. 486. Survey of Motorcycle Riders in Illinois 479. Glenview Park District Study Telephone interview study for the Illinois Department of SRL assisted the Glenview Park District in questionnaire Transportation to compare riding behavior and attitudes design and data analysis for a mail study of the attitudes of persons who have and have not had motorcycle driver and interests of 386 Glenview residents. education. This study concluded in January 1984.

480. Hammond Community Assessment Survey 487. Labor Market Adjustment of Immigrants, 1970–1980 Telephone interview study for the Department of Analysis by Barry Chiswick (SRL and UIC Department of Planning and Development, Hammond, Indiana, to Economics) of 1970 and 1980 Census data and SIE data assess the needs of Hammond citizens related to city in a study, funded by the Rockefeller Foundation, on the economic adjustment of immigrants to the United States

1964–2004 93 between 1970 and 1980. Completed May 1985. 495. Study of Small-Scale Farmers Publications 113, 114, 117, 120, 140. 1983 telephone interview study to examine the economic and lifestyle motives and conditions of small-scale 488. Panel Study of Wilderness Area Users IV (see also 328, farmers in Peoria and Wayne Counties, Illinois. Principal 355, 402, 429, 517, 556) Investigator: John van Es (Department of Agricultural Fourth wave of a nationwide mail panel survey for Economics, UIUC). Publication 1073. Robert Young, UIUC Department of Forestry, to determine how users’ attitudes toward wilderness areas 496. Health Self-Determination Index: Psychometric Evaluation change over time. This study, which involved 221 users Mail survey of 345 Champaign-Urbana residents to of the Boundary Waters Canoe Area in Minnesota and develop the Health Self-Determinism Index and test its 243 users of the John Muir Wilderness Area in psychometric properties. Conducted for Cheryl Cox, UIC California, was completed in March 1984. College of Nursing.

489. Study of Houston Preschool Children with Special 497. People’s Energy III (see also 442) Needs(see also 467, 557) Telephone interview survey of 50 companies for Charles A supplement to Study 467, conducted for the Houston Linke, Department of Finance, UIUC, as follow-up on a (Texas) Independent School District with funds from the study of growth estimates for People’s Energy. Hogg Foundation, involving telephone interviews with 102 parents, 50 teachers, and 15 physicians in Houston 498. Vocational and Technical Education School Evaluation VI to gather data on the health care and educational (see also 337, 369, 397, 425, 456, 541) services received by identified preschoolers with Data reduction and data processing for Tim Wentling, handicaps. Completed November 1983. Department of Vocational and Technical Education, UIUC, of the sixth year of data evaluating votech 490. Study to Determine Flooding Characteristics of Selected programs in Illinois schools. Completed August 1984. Drainage Areas within the Chicagoland Underflow Plan Area for Multifamily Dwelling Units 499. Faculty & Staff Interest in Illini HMO 1983 telephone interview study for the Chicago District Mail survey conducted in 1983 for James Malloy, UI of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to determine the Hospital, of academic and nonacademic employees at characteristics of flooding events at multiple-family UIC to ascertain their interest in a UI-sponsored health residences in selected drainage areas within a specified maintenance organization, their attitudes toward and elapsed time after the flooding event. Publication 1090. familiarity with HMOs, and their use of UIC Health Science Center facilities. 491. Votech Training Capacity Survey Data reduction and data processing of mail 500. Chicago Residents’ Responses to Reductions in Social questionnaire for Carol Rhea, Advisory Council on Services Adult, Vocational, and Technical Education, Face-to-face interview study of the working poor in three Springfield, to determine the capacity of vocational and Chicago neighborhoods to ascertain whether “helping technical programs to train in any particular program at behaviors” within households, families, and one time. This work was completed in June 1984. neighborhoods are mitigating the effects of Reagonomics. Included Spanish version. Completed January 1984. 492. Nursing Research Activity in the Midwest Principal Investigator: George Hemmons (School of Urban Pilot study conducted June to August 1983 for Planning and Policy, UIC). researchers at the UIMC College of Nursing to develop a questionnaire about the nature and extent of nursing 501. Illinois Poll, 1983 research in Midwestern hospitals. Mail questionnaires This round was sponsored by five clients and included were sent to 42 chief nursing executives in hospitals in questions on attitudes toward the sentencing of 13 Midwestern states. criminals; attitudes toward real estate brokers, methods of home financing, and tax incentives; public library 493. Study of Bus Design Factors usage; knowledge of the Cancer Information Service; Telephone interview study for Seymour Sudman, SRL, home use of videotape recorders; and political party UIUC, to obtain the opinions of bus owners on key bus affiliation, 1980 Presidential vote, and 1984 intended design features. primary vote. Telephone interviews were conducted in the fall of 1983 with 816 members of the general public in 494. Public Aid Client/Employee Relations II (see also 436) Illinois. Continuation of monthly surveys for the Illinois Department of Public Aid to evaluate treatment of public aid applicants by Department office staff statewide. Included Spanish version. Completed August 1984.

94 Forty-Year History of the Survey Research Laboratory 502. Contingency Predictions of Homeowner Behavior (see also illegal aliens in comparison with randomly selected 600) establishments. N=406 employers in the Chicago area. Telephone interview survey of 203 homeowners in Completed January 1986. Principal Investigator: Barry Champaign-Urbana and Springfield, Illinois, to see how Chiswick (SRL/UIC Department of Economics). questions on homeowner behavior predictions (e.g., Publications 140, 157, 158, 159, 162, 163, 164, 173. likelihood of selling/buying/remodeling home in the next two years) vary when asked generally or contingent 507. Perceptions of Health Care Providers on multiple variables (e.g., interest rates, housing prices, 1983 telephone interview study for the Carle Foundation income). Conducted for Seymour Sudman and Frederick Hospital, Urbana, of residents of seven surrounding Winter, UIUC Department of Business Administration, counties to determine what perceptions are necessary for with funds from the UIUC Office of Real Estate Research. non-Carle patients to become Carle patients. Completed April 1984. 508. Political Representations as a Network Phenomenon 503. Enhancing the Diffusion of No-Till Farming SRL coded questionnaires for this National Science Study involving telephone interviews with 220 farmers in Foundation-funded study examining how people’s 20 specific Illinois counties who have used no-till (or ongoing social relations in five areas—home and zero-till) farming, to obtain information on the extended family, work, school and other youth-related advantages and disadvantages of no-till; mail activities, church, and groups and organizations—affect questionnaires sent to the State of Illinois Extension their political perceptions, attitudes, and behavior. Advisor and the U.S. Soil Conservation Service district Using modified snowball sampling, information was head in 100 Illinois counties to get their impressions and collected not only on the original respondents but also insights into no-till and the farmers who have adopted it; on individuals they named. This study was completed and telephone interviews with about 400 farmers who in May 1984. Principal Investigators: James Kuklinski either were neighbors of the original farmer respondents (SRL/UIUC Department of Political Science) and Heinz or sought advice from them on no-till. This study was Eulau (Stanford University). Publications 102, 406, 574, completed in December 1985. Principal Investigators: John 871. van Es and Andrew Sofranko (Department of Agricultural Economics, UIUC). Publication 1083. 509 Illinois Groundwater Monitoring Network Consulting in 1984 for the Illinois State Water Survey to 504. Hispanic Purchasing Patterns design a network to monitor groundwater quality in This 1983 telephone study examined the purchasing Illinois public wells. habits of Hispanics compared with non-Hispanics. SRL interviewed 205 Hispanics and 207 non-Hispanics in 510. SRL Developmental Research Chicago. Principal Investigator: Thomas O’Guinn Research on and development of a CATI system at SRL. (Department of Advertising, UIUC). Publications 275, 276, 709. 511. Survey of Members of the American Dental Assistants Association—Pretest & Study Design 505. Case Control Study of the Relationship Between Developmental work for the American Dental Assistants Cholecystectomy & Subsite-Specific Large Bowel Cancer Association for a national mail survey of its members to (see also 482) ascertain facts about the membership, such as place of An epidemiologic case control study to determine if employment, office duties, income, education, and cholecystectomy is a risk factor for certain colon and training. rectal cancers and to investigate this relationship among males and females. Involved 1,620 telephone interviews 512. Relational Authority and Resource Control as with white married patients from selected hospitals in Determinants of Earnings (see also 444, 464, 624, 654) Cook County who had diagnosed bowel cancer, and with Telephone interview study with multiplicity sample of their spouses as controls, to obtain their medical supervisors and managers of a statewide labor force histories. A subsample of 148 respondents who had had sample of persons in Illinois who were originally gallbladder surgery were recontacted for permission to respondents to Study 444. A total of 1,723 persons in verify the histories through hospital medical records. delegation chains at all hierarchical levels including the Principal Investigator: William Haenszel (Illinois Cancer top were interviewed. The purpose was to assess the Council). Completed September 1985. managerial responsibility and authority of all organizational levels and demonstrate their effects on 506. Employment & Employers of Illegal Aliens in Urban earnings. Conducted under a National Science Areas Foundation grant and continued work from Study 464. Face-to-face interview study funded by the Alfred P. Work concluded on this study in January 1986. Principal Sloan Foundation to examine selected characteristics of Investigator: Joe Spaeth (SRL/UIUC Department of employers and employees of establishments employing Sociology). Publications 303, 305, 445, 908, 909, 912.

1964–2004 95 513. Health & Illness Behavior—1984 Sociology Practicum 519. Travenol Survey Instrument Development (see also 559) SRL assisted Travenol Management Services in May 1984 SRL assisted the UIUC Department of Sociology’s by revising forms and suggesting changes to improve practicum course and Gunther Luschen and William data collection procedures when its consultants evaluate Cockerham in sampling, interviewing, and data hospital procedures. reduction for the U.S. portion of a cross-national study comparing medical care practices and attitudes in the 520. Survey of Nonacademic Employees Regarding Food Federal Republic of Germany and the United States. Services Involved 401 telephone interviews, 100 mail Mail survey, conducted in 1984, of nonacademic questionnaires, and 100 face-to-face interviews with employees at the UIC Health Services Center to learn their Illinois residents. Publications 1, 221, 222, 223, 224, 225, experiences with and opinions regarding the two 226, 227, 228, 575, 640, 641. cafeterias at the University of Illinois Hospital.

514. Daily Illini Readership Survey 521. The Structure of Contributor-Candidate Relations in Telephone interview survey conducted in 1984 for State Politics Charles Whitney, UIUC College of Communications, to Data entry and processing in an NSF-funded study to assess the readership habits of Daily Illini subscribers examine patterns of contributions activities and the and nonsubscribers. SRL interviewed 361 students and assumption that contributions to a candidate are made as 161 faculty members at UIUC. a rational act to seek a benefit. Involved examining State records on 40,000 campaign contributions to Illinois 515. Attitudes & Opinions of Management of Industrial House and Senate candidates. Completed June 1986. Distributorships Study to gather data on the relations of industrial 522. Survey of Agricultural & Food Policy Leaders distributors with their suppliers (vendors or Mail survey preceded by telephone contact to obtain the manufacturers) for use in an undergraduate program in attitudes of 425 agricultural and food policy leaders industrial distribution. Involved telephone screening and nationwide on federal policy, particularly the 1981 mail questionnaires received from 435 industrial Agriculture and Food Act. This study was completed in distributorships nationwide. Principal Investigator: Gary December 1984. Principal Investigator: Robert Spitze Frazier (Department of Business Administration, UIUC). (Department of Agricultural Economics, UIUC). Publications 931, 932. 516. Public Health Nursing in Baccalaureate Programs Mail survey of most influential person in setting 523. Public Perceptions of the Great Lakes Area curriculum for each of the National League of Nursing Telephone survey for the Center for the Great Lakes to accredited baccalaureate nursing programs in the United gather baseline data on what the general population and States to ascertain the degree to which there is an business communities in four urban areas outside the accepted body of specialized knowledge that is taught in Great Lakes region think of the Great Lakes area in terms undergraduate programs of public/health nursing of recreation/tourism and as a place to live. throughout the nation. Conducted for Jacqueline Blank, College of Nursing, UIC, and completed February 1985. 524. Labor Market Information User Survey Telephone interview study for the Illinois Department of 517. Panel Study of Wilderness Areas (see also 328, 355, 402, Employment Security with 1,041 business 429, 488, 556) establishments, public and private organizations, and Fifth and final annual wave of first-time users in 1978 of state and local government agencies in Illinois to the Boundary Waters Canoe Area (n=187) and fourth ascertain their use of labor market information (LMI) and wave of first-time users in 1979 of the John Muir other economic data, purposes for which the data are Wilderness Area (n=233) in a nationwide mail panel used, specific kinds of data used, frequency of use, survey to assess use of wilderness areas in the past year sources of such data, and satisfaction with LMI and and to determine how the attitudes of wilderness users specifically with IDES as a supplier of such data. change over time. Completed July 1984. Publication 936.

518. Pilot Tracking of Study 394 Respondents 525. Conservation Tillage Survey (see also 454) Pilot study to test follow-up procedures for locating To ascertain current practices related to conservation respondents to Study 394 (Beliefs About Social tillage for corn and soybeans in Illinois, SRL conducted Stratification). Involved telephone calls or mailed queries telephone interviews with 458 Illinois farmers who to 213 respondents and secondary sources nationwide participated in Study 454. from the 1980 study.

96 Forty-Year History of the Survey Research Laboratory 526. Detergent Market Survey—Pretest 534. Physician Reaction to Malpractice Litigation Pilot work to determine whether the volume of detergent SRL assisted in questionnaire development and coding products in use (specifically, the consumption of various for a mail survey of 80 physicians in the Chicago area to types of water softeners) can be estimated from historic investigate the effects of malpractice litigation on detergent sales and purchase data of retail businesses physicians and the resultant effects on the quality and and wholesalers and to test whether cooperation can be availability of health care. Completed January 1985. obtained by mail and telephone methods without Principal Investigator: Sara Charles (Department of personal visits or monetary incentives. Involved Psychiatry, UIC). Publications 103, 104, 1136. telephone interviews and mail questionnaires for detergent-reliant retail businesses in three Great Lakes 535. Survey of Army Firing Ranges area cities. Completed January 1985. Mail survey for the U.S. Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratory of 500 commanders of Army 527. Evaluation of Land Grant Agricultural Schools National Guard indoor firing ranges and of indoor Questionnaire design in 1984 for a nationwide mail ranges on regular Army installations nationwide to survey to evaluate the performance of agriculture faculty measure the incidence of blood lead in Army personnel at 110 land grant colleges and universities in terms of and also to ascertain the frequency of use of the ranges by professional memberships, awards, achievements, others (e.g., the Boy Scouts, NRA) and the firing volume publications, and competitive grants. Done for Herbert of different calibers of ammunition. Completed September Hopen, College of Agriculture, UIUC. 1985. Publication 835.

528. Eating Habits of the Elderly 536. Comprehensive Alcohol Safety Program Telephone survey of 101 persons age 60 and older in Telephone survey for the Division of Traffic Safety, Chicago to evaluate the eating and restaurant dining Illinois Department of Transportation, of 818 licensed habits of such persons. Completed October 1984. automobile drivers in Illinois to ascertain their attitudes Principal Investigator: Mahmood Khan (Department of toward drinking and driving, their personal drinking Food and Nutrition, UIUC). habits, and their attitudes toward the 55 m.p.h. speed limit and Illinois’s new mandatory seat belt law. 529. Warnecke Research Efforts Cooperative time-sharing agreement with the Illinois 537. Residency Program in Community Pharmacy Cancer Council regarding the research efforts at the SRL assisted Jesse Stewart, College of Pharmacy, UIC, in Council of Richard Warnecke. a mail survey of 1,168 registered pharmacists nationwide to examine their attitudes toward developing a residency 530. Panel on Consumer Decision Processes (see also 078, program in community pharmacy. Completed February 145, 230) 1985.

531. Continuation of Survey of Tipping Practices by Consumers 538. Motivation for Providing Continuing Education Instruction (see 431, 601) SRL provided assistance to Robert Younghouse, Office of Continuing Education, UIC Health Sciences Center, on a 532. Undergraduate Interest in Student Housing mail survey of approximately 400 faculty members at the Survey for the UIC Office of Academic Planning to four UI medical school campuses who have provided determine the importance of on-campus housing and continuing education instruction to understand the other factors in high school students’ choice of an involvement of faculty in such instruction. Completed undergraduate institution and to obtain their March 1985. impressions of the UIC undergraduate program. Involved questionnaires administered to samples of juniors and 539. Second Wave of Study to Determine Flooding seniors in 20 high schools (public and private) in the Characteristics of Selected Drainage Areas Within the Chicago area with college preparatory programs. Chicagoland Underflow Plan Area (see 439, 639, 739) N=1,643; completed July 1985. 540. Survey of Current Library Technology 533. Study of Army Vehicle & Equipment Maintenance SRL performed data reduction and processing for the Study for the U.S. Army Construction Engineering Greater Midwest Regional Medical Library on a mail Research Laboratory involving the collection and survey of 1,400 of its member libraries to evaluate and analysis of maintenance records for noncombat vehicles implement improved methods of promoting the transfer at Fort Benning, Fort Lewis, and Fort Dix to determine of biomedical information. various factors associated with the frequency and cost of repairs and maintenance. Completed January 1986.

1964–2004 97 541. Vocational and Technical Education School Evaluation VII members of the general population in Illinois. Publications (see also 337, 369, 397, 425, 456, 498) 233, 234, 673, 674, 678, 679, 680, 681, 798, 810, 811, 832. Data reduction and data processing for Tim Wentling, UIUC Department of Vocational and Technical 548. SRO Resident Study Education, of the seventh year of data examining and Face-to-face interview study for the 8th Day Center for assessing the value of votech programs at various state Justice of residents of single room occupancy hotels in agencies (e.g., high schools, community colleges, prisons) Chicago to provide a profile of such residents in terms of in Illinois. housing history, employment history, medical history, and utilization of neighborhood businesses and services. 542. Central Illinois Health Care Perceptions (see also 578, 607, 648) 549. Patient Management Guidelines & the Use of Electronic 1985 telephone interview study for the Carle Foundation Mail as a Method of Improving Communication in Cancer Hospital, Urbana, to determine people’s awareness of Control for Small Urban & Rural Areas health care services in their communities and the Research conducted by Ronald Czaja, SRL, in surrounding area prior to a TV advertising campaign. conjunction with the Carle Cancer Center, Urbana, and Involved interviews with 607 residents in seven Central funded by the Illinois Cancer Council to study the Illinois counties. acceptance and feasibility of the usage of computer technology by physicians to enhance the use of cancer 543. Smoking Intervention Evaluation (see also 558) research protocols by increasing the ease of access of Telephone interview survey for Richard Warnecke, SRL private practitioners in communicating with a and the Illinois Cancer Council, funded by the National community cancer center. Cancer Institute, to examine the impact of a televised smoking cessation program offered in the Chicago 550. Network Survey of Medical Costs metropolitan area in January 1985. The study involved Telephone interview pilot study in 1985 for the Robert three waves of interviewing (in January–February and Wood Johnson Foundation, conducted in collaboration April–May 1986) with approximately 1,100 persons with Howard Freeman (UCLA), to test a multiplicity named on registration forms for the “Freedom from procedure for use in a national survey of health care costs Smoking in 20 Days” program who resided in the and to determine screening rates and incidence of poor, WMAQ-TV broadcast area. Publications 484, 485. uninsured people with major health problems. Publication 1025. 544. Public Opinion Survey of Chicago Public Schools 1985 telephone interview survey for the Chicago Panel on 551. Continuation of a Survey Research Model for the Head Public School Finances to ascertain public perceptions of Start Needs Assessment (see 451, 651) the Chicago public schools. Involved RDD telephone interviews completed with approximately 90 residents 552. Marketing the University of Illinois at Chicago (age 18 or older) in each of Chicago’s 20 school districts, Study for Chem Narayana, Department of Marketing, for a total of 1,813 interviews. UIC, and funded by the Chancellor’s Office at UIC to gather data on perceptions of that campus. Involved a 545. Chicago Married Couples Panel: Wave 5 (see also 030,etc.) variety of survey methods. Ns=565 current UIC students, (see also 245, 345, 445, 645, 745) 264 alumni, 356 faculty, 347 staff, 268 high school teachers, 174 high school counselors, 370 potential 546. Patient Compliance Study employers of graduates, and 411 members of the general Telephone survey of 462 Chicago residents who had population in the Chicago area. visited Chicago Neighborhood Health Centers to evaluate the effectiveness of a referral program for 553. Illinois Outdoor Recreation Survey (see also 629, 674, 693, diagnostic workup of suspected cancerous lesions. 776) Included Spanish version. Completed March 1986. Telephone interview survey for the Illinois Department of Principal Investigator: Clara Manfredi (Illinois Cancer Conservation to determine the types of outdoor recreation Council). in which Illinois residents participate within the state and the related costs. Publication 712. 547. Illinois Poll, 1985 This round was sponsored by five clients and included 554. Suburban Bus Nonusers questions on attitudes toward success/failure in life, Telephone interview study of 515 persons in the days of negative emotional behaviors, use of the library to suburban Chicago area who do not use surburban buses obtain information, use of auto safety belts for children, for James Foerster, Department of Urban Planning and strawberry purchasing and picking behavior, and Policy, UIC, to determine why they do not use suburban sources of information on cancer. Telephone interviews buses. Completed June 1985. Publications 422, 423. were conducted in the spring of 1985 with 809 adult

98 Forty-Year History of the Survey Research Laboratory 555. Great Lakes Region Land Ownership and continuing with interviews with approximately 400 Telephone interview study to find out about the land use respondents in each subsequent wave. practices and attitudes toward alternative energy use of land owners in the Great Lakes region. SRL interviewed 562. Support Needs for UIC Faculty 1,025 persons owning 10 or more acres of rural land in Study for the Committee on Research at UIC to ascertain the Great Lakes states. Principal Investigator: Gene what UIC must do to provide better faculty support for Campbell (Department of Forestry, UIUC). Publications 97, faculty research and professional activities at that 98. campus, to determine the level of faculty satisfaction with their current work environment, and to furnish 556. Panel Study of Wilderness Area Users VI (see also 328, 355, suggestions for what UIC can do to enhance scholarly 402, 429, 488, 517) activities. Involved mail questionnaires from 176 faculty Fifth (and final) annual wave of first-time users in 1979 of members and face-to-face interviews with 30 faculty the John Muir Wilderness Area in a nationwide mail members. Completed August 1985. panel survey for Robert Young, UIUC Department of Forestry, to assess use of wilderness areas in the past 563. Factors Influencing Acquisition of Home Furnishings by year and to determine how the attitudes of wilderness Rural Illinois Families users change over time. Completed August 1985. Study to ascertain the types of home furnishing that rural families acquire, where they acquire them, and why. 557. Collaborative Study of Children with Special Needs— Involved telephone screening, followed by mail Phase II (see also 467, 489) questionnaires sent to 466 married females living in rural Follow-up telephone survey for Children’s Hospital areas or towns of under 2,500 in rural Illinois counties, Medical Center, Boston, of parents or guardians of with 336 returns. This project concluded in July 1986. handicapped children in Houston, Milwaukee, and Principal Investigator: Allison Carll (Department of Santa Clara County, California, to determine the health, Textiles, Apparel, and Interior Design, UIUC). Publications educational, and rehabilitation needs of physically 100, 101. impaired children who use ambulatory aids. Included Spanish version. 564. Never assigned.

558. Smoking Cessation Cotinine Verification (see also 543) 565. Support Services for Epidemiologic Studies to Address Face-to-face interviews in 1985 for Richard Warnecke, Emergent Cancer Issues SRL, and the Illinois Cancer Council, to verify (via Master Agreement with Division of Cancer Etiology, cotinine analysis of saliva sample) the nonsmoking National Cancer Institute, that makes a consortium of status reported by respondents in the three-month follow- SRL, the Illinois Cancer Council, and the UIC School of up interview of Study 543. Public Health eligible to compete for the award of Master Agreement orders to carry out specific epidemiologic 559. Health Conduct Study (see also 513) studies of emergent issues related to cancer risk. Additional telephone interviewing of Illinois adults in a study to find out about people’s health and health care 566. Cook County Hospital Smoking Intervention Evaluation and how they feel about them. Principal Investigator: Study funded by the Chicago Lung Association to Gunther Luschen (Department of Sociology, UIUC). evaluate the effectiveness among African Americans of Publications 221, 222, 223, 224, 225, 226, 227, 228, 575, the televised self-help cigarette smoking cessation 640, 641. program “Freedom from Smoking in 20 Days.” Involved both telephone and focus group interviews with 142 560. Membership Survey of Dietetic Technicians African Americans in Chicago who registered for the 1985 mail survey for the American Dietetic Association of program through Cook County Hospital. Completed July dietetic technicians nationwide who were members of the 1986. Principal Investigators: Arthur Hoffman (Cook ADA to assess the value and quality of ADA services and County Hospital) and Charles Gruder (Department of the particular needs of dietetic technicians. Psychology, UIC).

561. Seat Belt/Child Safety Seat Usage Demonstration Project 567. Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey Telephone interview survey for the Northwestern Traffic SRL provided support to the Energy Information Institute to determine acceptance of seat belts and child Administration in conducting a national mail survey on safety seats as laws in Illinois requiring their use went the energy consumption of manufacturing into effect and were enforced. Involved four waves of establishments in the United States. SRL’s two tasks were interviewing from June 1985 through May 1986, to prepare procedures for use in conducting the survey beginning with a baseline interview with 815 members of and to conduct a pilot test of 100 establishments using the general population in the Rockford and Peoria areas these procedures, which included a presurvey contact with the establishments by telephone before mailng the

1964–2004 99 questionnaires, reminder calls, and telephone debriefing. 574. Evaluating Network Sampling for Local Victimization Work on this project was completed in May 1986. Surveys Research funded by the National Institute of Justice to 568. Occupational & Environmental Exposure Study determine the feasibility and cost-effectiveness of using Study completed in 1987 to examine the effects (if any) of network sampling in the conduct of local victimization occupational and environmental exposure among surveys. Involved telephone interviews with 559 crime employees of Monsanto’s Krummich Plant in Sauget, victims in Peoria, Illinois, and with 113 of their relatives Illinois. Involved face-to-face interviews with 838 former and 108 of their friends or co-workers. Work on this and current employees living within a 300-mile radius of project extended from October 1985 to February 1989. St. Louis plus telephone interviews with 728 past and Principal Investigators: Ronald Czaja and Johnny Blair current spouses/partners of those respondents. Principal (SRL). Publications 67, 254, 256, 258. Investigators: Warren Wallace (Northwestern University) and Daniel Hryhorczuk (School of Public Health, UIC). 575. Carle Clinic Patient Satisfaction (see also 594, 616, 647) Telephone interview survey for the Carle Clinic 569. National Assessment of Faculty Development Needs in Association, Urbana, of 402 persons who used the Clinic Colleges of Agriculture in July or August 1985 to determine how satisfied they Mail survey for the UIUC College of Agriculture of 514 were with the services provided. agriculture faculty members at land grant institutions nationwide and members of the American Association of 576. Evaluation of the Physician Data Query (PDQ) System State Colleges of Agriculture to assess the needs and Study for the Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, preferences regarding faculty-staff development and to National Cancer Institute, conducted in collaboration obtain information on what types of programs might best with the Illinois Cancer Council and the Graduate School fulfill these needs. Completed November 1986. of Library and Information Science (UIUC) to provide Publications 212, 213. data that contributed to the overall evaluation of the National Cancer Institute’s Physician Data Query (PDQ) 570. Rockford Population Survey system, a computerized database containing state-of-the- 1985 telephone interview survey for the City of Rockford art treatment strategies for cancer. Involved an evaluation (Illinois) to determine the level of citizens’ satisfaction of (a) the technical performance of PDQ by comparing with existing services in Rockford. various systems and analyzing logs of PDQ searches and (b) ways to improve diffusion of PDQ by conducting two 571. Resident Illegal Alien Population Study national telephone surveys, one of current PDQ users Face-to-face interview study for the Immigration and (Ns=143 physicians and 61 intermediaries) and one of Naturalization Service (INS) to compile a profile of the physicians in a PDQ access demonstration study apprehended illegal alien population of the U.S. Involved (N=231). interviewing 849 apprehended illegal aliens in the Los Angeles INS office. Work on this project was completed 577. Continuation of the Household Network Surveys of Cancer in January 1989. Principal Investigator: Barry Chiswick Care Costs: A Research Pilot Study (see 377, 477, 677) (SRL/Department of Economics, UIC). 578. Central Illinois Health Care Perceptions II (see also 542, 572. Experiments in Response Error: The Size of Networks of 607, 648) Neighbors & Relatives Telephone interview survey for the Carle Foundation A National Science Foundation-funded project to study Hospital, Urbana, as a sequel to Study 542 to measure the alternative procedures for measuring network size. public’s awareness of the health care services in the area Involved telephone interviews with 78 neighbors in after a TV advertising campaign. Involved interviews Decatur and Peoria, Illinois, and with 201 base with 613 residents in seven Central Illinois counties. respondents and 111 of their relatives in the Chicago metropolitan area. Completed May 1988. Principal 579. Seat Belt Usage in Illinois Investigator: Seymour Sudman (SRL). Publication 987. Study for Rudolph Mortimer, Department of Health and Safety Studies, UIUC, to assess the effectiveness of the 573. Long-Term Health Care new Illinois mandatory seat belt law by observing SRL assisted Cheryl Cox, UIC College of Nursing, in a compliance or noncompliance with the law. Involved 1985 study funded by the Illinois Department of Public observations of drivers and passengers in cars, vans, and Aid of 476 administrators, staff, and residents of nursing pickups at 20–40 sites within Illinois. Completed June homes in the Chicago metropolitan area to determine the 1986. long-term health care practices in these homes. 580. Accountancy Graduates Study Mail survey in 1986 for Richard Ziegler, UIUC Department of Accountancy, to obtain perceptions of the

100 Forty-Year History of the Survey Research Laboratory value of a fifth-year education requirement for CPAs 588. Access to Health Care Survey, Part II (see also 586) among M.S. accounting graduates from the UI. A survey similar to the national one (Study 586) but limited to residents of the state of New Jersey. Funded by 581. CarleCare Subscriber Satisfaction (see also 615, 646) the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation; completed October Series of four quarterly telephone interview surveys for 1987. Principal Investigator: Howard Freeman (UCLA). the Carle Clinic Association, Urbana, to ascertain Publications 71, 266, 433, 464, 465, 466, 856, 1024. subscriber satisfaction with the CarleCare HMO. Ns=404 (Wave 1), 304 (Wave 2), 305 (Wave 3), and 326 (Wave 4). 589. President’s Award Program (see also 608) 1986 telephone interview survey, supplemented by mail 582. CarleCare New Members/Terminators questionnaires, for the UI Office of the Vice President for 1986 telephone interview study for the Carle Clinic Academic Affairs, to determine why minority students Association, Urbana, to determine the level of satisfaction who were offered admission to the University in the fall of new members of the CarleCare HMO and why former of 1985 through the President’s Award Program elected subscribers terminated their memberships. Ns=200 new or did not elect to attend the University. and 83 former members. 590. Second phase of Study to Determine Flooding 583. Illinois Head Injury Association Statewide Needs Characteristics of Selected Drainage Areas Within the Assessment Survey Chicagoland Underflow Plan Area in Multifamily Dwelling Data reduction and analysis for the Illinois Head Injury Units (see also 490) Association for its mail survey of head-injured persons in Illinois to establish the number of people in Illinois 591. Survey of Illinois Businesses affected by head injuries and to indicate what programs Telephone interview survey of 265 businesses in four are needed for rehabilitation of these individuals. Illinois counties for the University Office of Federal and Corporate Relations to find out if the businesses would 584. Accreditation of Dental Hygiene Education Programs be interested in a UI “clearinghouse” through which they Data reduction and analysis and preparation of a report could find appropriate expertise to hire. for the American Dental Hygiene Association for its mail survey of 148 dental hygiene education programs 592. American Medical Record Association 1986 Membership nationwide concerning accreditatin procedures and Survey (see also 469, 662, 696, 715) related issues. Mail survey for the American Medical Record Association of its members to obtain current and accurate 585. Attitudes of the General Public Toward Lawyer information for an AMRA manpower data base. Specialization Questionnaires were sent to permanent directors of Telephone survey in 1986 of members of the general medical records departments of health care facilities or public in Florida and Minnesota for the American Bar the persons administratively responsible for the Association to assess experiences with and attitudes departments. Publications 7, 1130. toward lawyers who specialize in certain areas of law. 593. Clothing & Apparel Marketing Study 586. National Access to Health Care Survey (see also 588) Nationwide telephone interview study in 1976 to A survey for Howard Freeman, Institute for Social Science ascertain people’s attitudes toward imported products Research, UCLA, funded by the Robert Wood Johnson and their effect on the U.S. economy and to examine Foundation, to assess the use of and needs for health factors that influence consumer behavior in purchasing services among the general population nationwide and clothing and apparel. Principal Investigators: Sara especially to identify groups in particular need of Douglas and Michelle Morganosky (Department of additional, modified, and innovative health services. Textiles, Apparel, and Interior Design, UIUC). Involved 10,130 telephone interviews conducted with household members nationwide by SRL and the 594. Carle Clinic Patient Satisfaction II (see also 575, 616, 647) Wisconsin Survey Research Laboratory, plus 341 face-to- Two telephone interview surveys (in May 1986, with 432 face-interviews in households in three sites. Completed respondents, and November 1986, with 408 respondents) October 1987. Publications 71, 266, 433, 464, 465, 466, 856. for the Carle Clinic Association, Urbana, of persons who used the Clinic to determine their satisfaction with the 587. Death Certificate Study level of services provided. Data coding and online data entry in 1986 for the Illinois Cancer Council of 14,266 death certificates of Illinois 595. Public Perceptions of Registered Nurses residents to investigate the relationship of cancer sites to Telephone interview survey for Paul Reichelt, UIC occupations and industries. Publications 644, 1024. College of Nursing, of 410 members of the general population in Illinois to ascertain public attitudes toward the nursing profession.

1964–2004 101 596. Elderly Housing Needs 601. Replication & Extension of a Survey of Tipping Data entry completed in 1986 for Leonard Heumann, Practices by Consumers (see also 431, 531) (UIUC Department of Urban and Regional Planning), for Study for the Internal Revenue Service to provide data on a study of housing needs among the aged. tipping in restaurants and other places in1985 and 1986, thereby bringing up to date an annual series started in 597. Middle Manager Retraining Survey 1982 using data from diaries maintained by members of a Telephone interview survey of 69 selected companies national consumer panel operated by NPD Research, Inc. headquartered in Illinois for the University Office of Public Service to assess the need for retraining middle 602. Studying the Incidence of Missing Children by Special managers and what services the University might offer in Survey Methods this field. Study for the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, U.S. Department of Justice, to explore the 598. Bachelor of Nursing Program effectiveness of two survey methods—multiplicity Study for Lee Acord, Illinois Nurses Association, to sampling and capture-recapture procedures—for evaluate affirmative action programs at 27 Illinois improving estimates of the incidence of missing children. colleges and universities offering B.S.N. degrees. Involved Involved telephone interviews in the Chicago MSA with mail questionnaires from 22 deans at such institutions 816 households (691 base and 125 network) to measure and telephone interviews with 9 recruiters. Completed the accuracy with which specified networks report June 1987. missing children. Included telephone interviews with 28 children (age 12–16) who had been missing. The 599. Community Interventions for Cancer Prevention (see also exploration of the feasibility of using capture-recapture 699, 799, 899) methods included conversations with service providers A program project conducted under a grant to the Illinois in the Chicago metropolitan area. Completed December Cancer Council from the National Cancer Institute to 1987. Publication 980. investigate the public’s response to a televised smoking cessation intervention aired for three weeks in March– 603. Women’s Health Study April 1987 on Channel 7 ABC in Chicago. The three-year Telephone screening of 3,896 households to identify program project was composed of four cooperative eligible female controls for a case-control study of rare research projects, each using different research methods reproductive cancers and to select from eligibles two to study selected target groups. Each project assessed controls per case matched on neighborhood, age, and how supplemental activities, such as a self-help manual, race. Principal Investigator: Kathy Mallin (Illinois Cancer periodic telephone calls, community meetings, or a Council). Publications 471, 545. nonsmoking buddy, affected the success of the televised program. The basic core involved telephone calls in the 604. DEH Management System Survey Chicago MSA to screen for smokers who watched the Data analysis in 1986 for the U.S. Army Construction evening news and subsequent telephone interview Engineering Research Laboratory of a mail survey of attempts with 1,562 of these people plus 2,092 program branch chiefs at Directorates of Engineering and Housing registrants both before and immediately after the (DEHs) that collected data on management system intervention was televised. The majority of the computer hardware and software at Army installations participants were followed for 24 months in 4 waves of nationwide. postintervention interviews. Also, about 250 face-to-face interviews were conducted in each wave with African- 605. Kansas City Health Study American women living in public housing projects. This Telephone interview study for the Wyandotte County- project was completed in 1989. Principal Investigator: Kansas City (Kansas) Department of Health to gather Richard Warnecke (SRL). Publications 214, 215, 414, 449, information on the health care experiences of residents in 594, 595, 596, 597, 598, 604, 655, 1108, 1113. the county. N=1,342 individuals in 503 households, with the respondent in each household being the most 600. Contingency Predictions of Homeowner Behavior—Wave knowledgeable person about the health care needs of all 2 (see also 502) household members. Completed September 1987. 1986 telephone interview survey of 163 homeowners in Champaign-Urbana and Springfield, Illinois, to 606. Evaluation Component of City of Chicago’s AIDS Risk determine if they had bought/sold/remodeled their Reduction/Prevention Program homes or installed a new furnace since first being Telephone interview survey, completed in November interviewed in February 1984. Principal Investigators: 1987, of 1,540 members of the general population (age 18 Seymour Sudman (SRL) and Frederick Winter or older) in the Chicago metropolitan area to ascertain (Department of Business Administration, UIUC). their knowledge, beliefs, attitudes, perceptions, and behaviors related to Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) prior to a public education campaign

102 Forty-Year History of the Survey Research Laboratory aimed at the general population and targeted high-risk (College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, UIUC). Publication groups. Conducted under a contract from the City of 630. Chicago with funds from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control. Included Spanish version. Principal Investigator: 613. Women’s Knowledge & Practices Related to Osteoporosis Gary Albrecht (School of Public Health, UIC). Publications 1987 telephone interview survey for Sheila Ashbrook, 2, 3, 99, 616. UIUC Division of Foods and Nutrition, to find out about the attitudes toward and knowledge about osteoporosis 607. Central Illinois Health Care Perceptions III (see also 542, of women in Illinois age 20 and older. 578, 648) Telephone interview study for the Carle Foundation, 614. Consumer Use of Telephone Directories in Charleston- Urbana, to ascertain Central Illinois residents’ health Mattoon care awareness and perceptions before and after an Telephone interview survey for the Illinois Consolidated advertising campaign. Involved two surveys of adults Telephone Company and Lierman and Associates of 215 (n=606 and 624) residing in 11 Central Illinois counties. residents of the Charleston-Mattoon (Illinois) area to determine if they are aware of various types of 608. President’s Award Program II (see also 589) information contained in their telephone directories and Telephone interview survey for the UI Office of School if they find it useful. and College Relations to determine why academically superior minority students chose to attend or not to 615. CarleCare Subscriber Satisfaction II (see also 581, 646) attend UI in the fall of 1986. Two telephone interview surveys (in April and October 1987) for the CarleCare HMO, Urbana, of current and 609. Survey Component of State of Illinois’s AIDS Health terminated members of the HMO to ascertain their Education/Risk Reduction Program opinions of it. Wave 1 Ns=433 subscribers and 229 1987 telephone interview survey of 541 adults in the terminators; Wave 2 Ns= 433 subscribers and 253 general population in Illinois (excluding the Chicago terminators. MSA) conducted for the Illinois Department of Public Health with funds from the U.S. Centers for Disease 616. Carle Clinic Patient Satisfaction III (see also 575, 594, 647) Control, to learn the public’s AIDS-related knowledge, Two telephone interview surveys (in May and November attitudes, perceptions, and behaviors. Principal 1987) for the Carle Clinic Association, Urbana, to Investigator: Gary Albrecht (School of Public Health, UIC). determine patient satisfaction with the services received Publications 2, 3, 99, 616. at the Clinic. Wave 1 N=423 patients plus 114 new mothers; Wave 2 N=407 patients. 610. Study of Display Advertising in Yellow Pages Telephone study of 214 businesses in the Charleston- 617. Citizens’ Opinions About Maine Township High Schools Mattoon (Illinois) area to evaluate awareness of Study for Fred Coombs, UIUC Department of Educational telephone directories in the area and the perceived Policy Studies, to determine if the curriculum and school effectiveness of yellow page advertising. Conducted for policies at Maine Township (Illinois) high schools are Lierman and Associates and sponsored by the Illinois satisfactory to the Maine Township District 207 Consolidated Telephone Company. community. Involved telephone interviews with 916 parents of children attending the three Maine Township 611. Patient Post-hospitalization Study high schools and with 499 residents of District 207 Telephone interview study conducted in 1987 for the without high school children. Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, of 406 former patients discharged from the hospital to compare a 618. Study of Potential PACE Riders telephone version with the usual mail version of Carle’s This mail survey of 301 suburban Chicago callers to the posthospitalization survey. RTA information center was conducted in 1987 to evaluate the effectiveness of the center and its impact on 612. Follow-up Study of the Vulnerability to Abuse the Pace-Suburban Bus Service ridership. Principal Confidential Personal Data Held by Organizations in the Investigator: James Foerster (School of Urban Planning Private Sector (see also 350) and Policy, UIC). Study to determine the extent to which the policies of Fortune 500 companies make confidential personal data 619. Cervical Cancer Prevention & Control Demonstration on personnel vulnerable to misuse and to compare the Project results with the first study in 1979. Involved mail Survey in 37 Chicago community areas of 157 African- questionnaires and telephone interviews for 38 Fortune American female patients age 20–79 (131 by telephone 500 companies that responded to the earlier study and 88 and 26 face-to-face) who had been diagnosed as having other Fortune 500 companies, for a total of 126 companies invasive or in situ cervical cancer, to determine what nationwide. Principal Investigator: David Linowes factors are associated with the detection, diagnosis, and

1964–2004 103 treatment of cervical cancer in order to design community 625. Public Attitudes Toward AIDS & Public Health Response intervention programs. Conducted for the Illinois Telephone interview survey in 1987 of 201 Illinois Department of Public Health with funding from the U.S. residents (age 18–65) to obtain their opinions concerning Centers for Disease Control. the AIDS epidemic and the response of Illinois public health officials to it. Principal Investigator: Raymond 620. Study of Maternal & Child Health in Chicago Goldsteen (Department of Health and Safety Studies, Study to assess the impact of various recent changes in UIUC). Chicago’s health-care financing and delivery system on maternal and child health. Involved two waves (14–19 626. Downstate Health Care Perceptions months apart) of 300 face-to-face interviews each with Telephone interview survey for the Carle Clinic poor African-American women in three Chicago Association, Urbana, of persons in the general communities who either were pregnant or had at least population in Coles, Cumberland, and Effingham one child of their own under age 6 living with them. Counties in Illinois and current members of the Carle Completed February 1990. Principal Investigator: Naomi Care HMO to ascertain their perceptions and ratings of Morris (School of Public Health, UIC). health care facilities in those three counties.

621. Avoidable Mortality from Cancer in Black Populations (see 627. Teacher Education Case Studies Project also 656, 694) Nationwide mail survey of primary and secondary Study for Clyde Phillips, School of Public Health, UIC, in school teachers to identify professional problems faced in 10 south side Chicago communities to determine the the schools. Ended September 1988. Principal Investigator: knowledge, attitudes, and practices of African-American William Trent (Department of Educational Policy Studies, women with regards to cervical and breast cancer, and to UIUC). assess the effectiveness of a health education and promotion program in neighborhood clinics. Involved 628. Chicago Student Housing Survey three surveys over a three-year period of African 1987 telephone study of students for the UIC Office of the American women age 20 or older. Ended November 1988, Vice Chancellor for Student Affairs to survey the demand when work was continued as Study 656. for dormitory housing on that campus.

622. Survey on Standard Audit Report 629. Illinois Outdoor Recreation Survey II (see also 533, 674, 693, Canceled. 776) Telephone interview study for the Illinois Department of 623. Public Knowledge & Disposal Practices Regarding Conservation to assess the patterns of the outdoor Hazardous Household Waste (see also 631) recreation of Illinois residents and their attitudes toward Telephone interview survey for the Hazardous Waste recreational facilities. Completed January 1988. Research and Information Center, Illinois Department of Publications 714, 728. Energy and Natural Resources, to determine the level of knowledge the public had about household hazardous 630. Panel on Consumer Decision Processes (see also 078, 145, waste prior to a publicity campaign and collection event. 230) Involved interviewing 958 residents in Champaign County and Decatur, Illinois. Ended February 1988, 631. Public Knowledge & Disposal Practices Regarding when work was continued as Study 631. Hazardous Household Waste: Follow-Up (see also 623) The second telephone interview survey for the 624. Collaborative Research on a Strategy for Hazardous Waste Research and Information Center, Interorganizational Measurement (see also 444, 464, 512, Illinois Department of Energy and Natural Resources, to 654) determine public awareness, use, and disposal of A National Science Foundation-funded project for Joe household hazardous materials after a publicity Spaeth, SRL and UIUC Department of Sociology, to campaign in Champaign County. Involved interviewing assess the accuracy with which survey respondents 734 residents in the Champaign-Urbana area, 150 in report the characteristics of the organizations for which Decatur, and 153 Champaign County farmers. they work. Involved analyzing data collected earlier from 1,723 employed persons in research on managerial 632. Emergency Room & Ambulance Service Study responsibility and authority at all organizational levels. Telephone interview study for the Carle Foundation, This study was one component of a collaborative project Urbana, of 390 Carle emergency room users and 350 with researchers at Ohio State University. Work was Arrow Ambulance Service users to determine satisfaction completed November 1988. Publication 912. with local emergency health care services. Completed February 1988.

104 Forty-Year History of the Survey Research Laboratory 633. Information-Seeking Behavior of Cancer Patients CCOPs and their research bases, and two separate Three-year study funded by the National Cancer Institute national telephone surveys of 2,700 and 2,200 primary to explore the information-seeking behavior of cancer care physicians, respectively. Work on this project patients and their families. Specific goals were to concluded September 1992. Principal Investigator: Arnold determine (a) the extent to which diffusion of cancer Kaluzny (HSRC). Publications 426, 438, 477, 514, 521, 544, information occurs through utilization of the Cancer 547, 549, 550, 551, 552, 553, 602, 666, 667, 670, 753, 787, Information Service (CIS) by cancer patients and (b) why 1111. diagnosed cancer patients seek information beyond that obtainable from the physicians, what sources they 638. Volunteer Activities in Champaign County contact, how they use the information obtained, and During 1988, SRL assisted a UIUC Sociology Department whether activities are peculiar to CIS callers or survey methods course in a telephone interview survey generalizable to other cancer patients. Involved follow-up for Daring Goals of Champaign County (a group of social telephone interviews conducted by Illinois Cancer and other agencies that use volunteers) to estimate the Council staff with 225 callers to the Illinois CIS office over baseline level of volunteer activities among adult a 12-month period and telephone interviews with 225 residents in the county prior to a campaign to increase matched controls drawn from patients in the Illinois volunteerism. Cancer Registry. Principal Investigator: Clara Manfredi (Illinois Cancer Council), Co-principal Investigator: Ronald 639. Third Wave of Study to Determine Flooding Czaja (SRL). Ended August 1990. Publications 259, 645, Characteristics of Selected Drainage Areas Within the 651. Chicagoland Underflow Plan Area (see also 439, 539, 739)

634. Pesticide Usage Among Illinois Farmers 640. Evaluation of Dean of UI College of Nursing SRL assisted Milton Clark, UIC College of Medicine, in Evaluation of head of UI unit—confidential. this study of the effects of pesticides on farmers who use them. 641. Parkland College District Needs Assessment This 1988 study for Parkland College of Champaign 635. Chancellor’s Bookstore Evaluation sought to determine the educational needs of the District 1988 mail survey of UIUC faculty, staff, and students for population and the needs of employers for training/ the Office of the Chancellor to clarify the needs of the retraining employees. Involved telephone interviews with University community regarding the local bookstore 406 members of the general population in the District and environment. mail questionnaires from 175 employers in the District. Publication 7145 636. Faculty-Staff Parking Survey Mail survey of UIUC faculty and staff to investigate the 642. UI Medical School Dean Evaluation current parking situation as well as other transportation Evaluation of head of UI unit—confidential. alternatives on campus. Conducted for the UIUC Office of the Vice Chancellor for Administrative Affairs. 643. Elementary & Secondary Schools’ Arts Programs Study for the National Arts Education Research Center, 637. Assessment of the Implementation and Impact of the UIUC, to assess arts education in the schools, including Community Clinical Oncology Program: Phase II (see also music, visual arts, dance, and drama/theater. Involved 737) mail questionnaires to 1,700 public and private schools Five-year project for the National Cancer Institute, nationwide. Publication 615. conducted collaboratively by the Health Services Research Center (HSRC, University of North Carolina at 644. Student Parking Survey Chapel Hill), SRL, and the Lineberger Cancer Research Telephone interview survey of 635 UIUC students to Center to (a) assess the process and level of determine the extent to which they register automobiles implementation of state-of-the-art treatments and cancer with campus parking and park on campus. Conducted control research activities among the contractual for the UIUC Office of the Vice Chancellor for components of the Community Clinical Oncology Administrative Affairs. Program (CCOP), and the level of impact of the CCOP’s cancer control and treatment activities in their target 645. Chicago Married Couples Panel (see also 030, etc.) (see also communities, among physicians, and throughout the 245, 345, 445, 545, 745) nation; and (b) determine if the CCOP mechanism is the optimal way to conduct cancer control and treatment 646. CarleCare Subscriber Satisfaction III (see also 581, 615) research in community settings. Involved medical records Two telephone interview surveys (in June and November abstraction on clinical treatment and care for cancer 1988) for the CarleCare HMO, Urbana, to ascertain patients at 19 CCOPs, a two-wave mail survey of 480 key current and terminated members’ satisfaction with it. informants concerning organizational characteristics of

1964–2004 105 Wave 1 Ns=403 subscribers and 229 terminators; Wave 2 583 UIUC faculty, 530 academic and nonacademic staff, N=405 subscribers. and 456 students.

647. Carle Clinic Patient Satisfaction IV (see also 575, 594, 616) 654. Survey Respondents as Informants on Their Two telephone interview surveys (in June and November Organizations (see also 444, 464, 512, 624) 1988) for the Carle Clinic Association, Urbana, to Continuation of data analysis to assess the accuracy with determine patient satisfaction with the services received which survey respondents report the characteristics of at the Clinic. Ns=414 and 412. the organizations for which they work. Principal Investigator: Joe Spaeth (SRL/Department of Sociology, 648. Central Illinois Health Care Perceptions IV (see also 542, UIUC). Publication 912. 578, 607) Telephone interview survey for the Carle Foundation, 655. Cancer Prevention & Control Surveillance Master Urbana, of 603 Central Illinois residents to determine Agreement their awareness of the health care services in their Master Agreement with the Division of Cancer communities and surrounding areas. Prevention and Control, National Cancer Institute, that made SRL eligible to compete for the award of Master 649. Champaign County Waste Disposal Agreement orders to carry out specific research and Telephone interview survey of 1,125 members of the development studies and support or evaluation studies general population in Champaign County to ascertain in the area of cancer prevention and control surveillance. their waste disposal behavior. Conducted for the Intergovernmental Solid Waste Disposal Association of 656. Avoidable Mortality from Cancer in Black Populations the City of Champaign, City of Urbana, and Champaign Continuation (see also 621, 694) County. Continuation of a three-year project for the National Cancer Institute to ascertain the level of knowledge of 650. Health Care Services as Related to Quality of Life in Rural cancer, beliefs and attitudes toward cancer, and actions Illinois toward the prevention of cancer among African- The questionnaire for this random-digit-dial survey of American women age 20 and older in Chicago. Involved 201 residents of Decatur and 203 residents of Paxton telephone interviews with 600 African-American women addressed availability and quality of a variety of services in the general population in 20 south side Chicago (e.g., fire, police, daycare, road care and repair, community areas and with 1,200 African-American recreational activities, schools) and satisfaction with women patients from three Chicago clinics. Ended other aspects of the community (e.g., noise level, air January 1991, when work was continued as Study 694. quality, crime, availability of a range of health services). Principal Investigator: Clyde Phillips (School of Public The study was completed April 1989. Principal Health, UIC). Investigator: Jeanne Hafstrom (Division of Family and Consumer Economics, UIUC). 657. Champaign-Urbana Convention & Visitors Bureau Evaluation 651. Continuation of a Survey Research Model for the Head Study in 1989 for the Cities of Champaign and Urbana to Start Needs Assessment (see also 451, 551) evaluate the CU Convention and Visitors Bureau. Canceled. Involved telephone interviews with planners for 39 organizations that held conferences or other events in 652. National Survey of Human Factors Specialists, Managers, Champaign-Urbana during 1998, plus organizers of five & Educators special events. Study conducted for the Committee on Human Factors, Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and 658. Study of Tourism in Illinois Education, National Research Council, and sponsored by Telephone interview survey, conducted in 1989, of 20 the Army Research Institute to examine the education tourism-related associations and organizations in Illinois and utilization of human factors specialists. Involved a for the Illinois Travel and Tourism Council to develop a nationwide telephone survey of 1,200 human factors profile of the infrastructure of the tourism industry in specialists and their supervisors and a mail survey of 57 Illinois and to identify the industry’s needs. Publication heads of graduate programs in the human factors field. 716.

653. Campus Poll, 1988–1989 659. Attitudes Toward the Elderly 1989 mail survey for the UIUC Office of the Vice SRL assisted a UIUC Sociology Department survey Chancellor for Administrative Affairs and the Office of methods course in a telephone interview survey for Julie Telecommunications regarding campus issues of Wilcox (UIUC School of Social Work), to find out the parking, telephone service, and campus safety. Involved practices and attitudes of Champaign County residents regarding problems of the elderly in the county.

106 Forty-Year History of the Survey Research Laboratory 660. Office of International Faculty & Staff Affairs Evaluation and SRL) in collaboration with Arne Kalleberg In 1989, SRL assisted the UIUC Office of International (University of North Carolina), David Knoke (University Faculty and Staff Affairs in questionnaire design and of Minnesota), and Peter Marsden (Harvard University), data entry for a mail survey of 250 foreign staff members to investigate issues related to work organizations and visiting at UIUC to evaluate the services provided by that their employees. Data on work organizations and office. organization-individual linkages were collected in the National Organizations Study, which involved telephone 661. Parental Planning for Handicapped Children interviews with 727 employers of 1991 General Social Telephone interview survey of 400 parents of children Survey respondents and their spouses. Completed March with special needs in Illinois to find out what plans these 1993. parents have for the children’s future and to determine parents’ satisfaction with the children’s schooling. 667. City of Lake Forest Community-Wide Survey Principal Investigator: Francesca Lundstrom (Department This mail survey was conducted in order to provide the of Special Education, UIUC). Lake Forest City Council with guidance on future deliberations on current and proposed changes in 662. American Medical Record Association 1989 Membership services delivered. Questionnaires were sent to all Survey (see also 469, 592, 696, 715) households within the city; completed questionnaires SRL assisted the American Medical Record Association were received from 2,682 households. Among issues in questionnaire development and data reduction for a addressed were: (a) the sources residents use to find out mail survey of medical record professionals who are what is happening in Lake Forest, (b) satisfaction with AMRA members to obtain information on the kinds of city officials and staff, (c) knowledge of and attitudes jobs that they have, the types of facilities in which they toward the caucus system, (d) satisfaction with city are employed, and trends in employment and services, (e) children and school board issues, and (f) compensation patterns. Publications 833, 834. satisfaction with the quality of life in Lake Forest. This study concluded in March 1990. 663. Elderly Residents of Subsidized Housing Never started. 668. Health Behavior & Adherence in Hypertension A pretest of 30 face-to-face interviews conducted for 664. Your Financial Condition Workshop Evaluation Mary-Vesta Scott, UIC College of Nursing. Telephone interview survey for Charles Clark, UI Cooperative Extension Service, of 244 Central Illinois 669. Running Shoes Survey farmers who attended Your Financial Condition This 1989 telephone survey examined the effects of workshops to evaluate the effectiveness of the workshops product knowledge on susceptibility to question order that were sponsored by the Service and were intended to effects. Involved a list of members of a running club assist farmers in preparing financial statements and (N=100) and a general population sample of people in maintaining financial records. Conducted in 1989. Champaign-Urbana who had purchased a pair of running shoes in the previous 12 months (N=81). 665. Cognitive Aspects of Proxy Reporting in Survey Research Principal Investigator: Barbara Bickert (Department of The purpose of this National Science Foundation-funded Business Administration, UIUC). Publication 58. project was to investigate the role of cognitive psychology in improving our understanding of proxy reporting in 670. Champaign-Urbana Public Opinion Survey surveys and ultimately the quality of data that are 1989 telephone interview survey of 618 Champaign- possible to obtain from proxies. As part of the project, Urbana residents for the Champaign-Urbana News interviews were conducted in Champaign-Urbana and Gazette on current issues, including abortion, flag surrounding areas with married couples and couples burning, taxes, and the possible closing of Chanute Air living together as married, with 100 face-to-face Force Base. interviews (50 couples) and 400 RDD telephone interviews (200 couples). In addition, laboratory and field 671. Epidemiologic Study of Benign Anorectal Disease experiments were conducted with subjects to test Preliminary work on a study for Richard Nelson, UIC hypotheses. This project concluded in November 1991. School of Medicine. Involved approximately 100 Principal Investigators: Seymour Sudman (SRL), Norbert telephone screening interviews for controls in a study of Schwartz (ZUMA, West Germany), and Johnny Blair benign anorectal disease. (SRL). Publications 59, 60, 61, 70, 744, 1005, 1031. 672. Carle Health Care Perceptions 666. Collaborative Research: U.S. Organizations’ Human Telephone interview surveys conducted in 1989 for the Resource Policies Carle Clinic Association, CarleCare HMO, and Carle A National Science Foundation-funded project, Foundation to determine patient satisfaction with the conducted by Joe Spaeth (UIUC Department of Sociology clinic, member satisfaction with the HMO, and Central

1964–2004 107 Illinois residents’ awareness of the health care services in 104of 600. Principal Investigator: James Perrin their communities and surrounding areas. Involved (Massachusetts General Hospital). approximately 1,400 CATI and 600 PAPI interviews. 680. Continuing Education of Nurse Anesthetists 673. Chicago Housing Authority—Consulting Service Project 1990 mail survey for the American Association of Nurse Consulting only. Anesthetists covering members’ experiences and satisfaction with continuing education programs and 674. 1989 Outdoor Recreation Survey (see also 554, 629, 693, involving 1,417 nurse anesthetists nationwide who 776) belong to AANA. Publications 486, 487. Telephone interview survey for the Illinois Department of Conservation to assess the patterns of the outdoor 681. University Quick Copy Survey recreation of Illinois residents and their attitudes toward Mail survey for the University Printing Division to recreational facilities. Publications 717, 734, 735. ascertain the copying and printing needs of UIUC faculty, staff, and graduate students. 675. Pharmacy Manpower Evaluation Mail survey for Henri Manasse, Jr., Dean of the UI College 682. Young Adult Users of Services for Children with Special of Pharmacy, to obtain an inventory of the education, Health Care Needs experience, and work environment of pharmacists Telephone interview survey to learn more about young registered in the state of Illinois. Completed October 1991. adults who have received services or financial support from Children with Special Health Care Needs programs 676. Illinois Fire Fighters Training Assessment in Ohio and Illinois, to ascertain what services these Mail survey for the UI Fire Service Institute of 400 fire children are receiving and what additional services chiefs and 1,600 firefighters in Illinois to assess existing might be helpful to them, and to find out how these training and future training needs of a statewide sample young adults are managing at school or work, at home, of career and volunteer firefighters. and with friends. Completed September 1991. Principal Investigator: Henry Ireys (Albert Einstein College of 677. Financial Choice Study (see also 377, 477, 577) Medicine). Study for Kent Jamison, director of consumer research, Life Insurance Marketing Research Association (LIMRA), 683. Farming in Illinois Drainage Districts to better understand the factors that contribute to Study in 1990 to determine the economic effects of financial goal setting, how explicit these goals are, and farming in bottomlands versus farming in traditional what financial behavior is used to achieve these goals. upland areas. Telephone interviews were completed with The study also assessed household roles in financial 201 farmers/farm operators in lowlands in drainage matters, ownership of various types of assets, and asset district areas within Illinois. Principal Investigator: management. Involved telephone interviews with Ganapathi Ramamurthy (Illinois State Water Survey). approximately 800 households having an adult member between age 25 and 65 and a combined gross income of 684. Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education at least $15,000 per year. As a follow-up to the telephone (ACGME): Ten-Year Evaluation interviews, mail questionnaires were sent to 500 Study for ACGME to assess that organization’s households to obtain documentary information from effectiveness in (a) carrying out its function of accrediting those having savings and investments. This study programs in graduate medical education and concluded March 1991. establishing standards for the fair and equitable review of those programs, and (b) improving the quality of 678. Industrial Distributors physician training and education. Mail questionnaires Telephone screening interviews of a list of industrial were sent nationwide to 1,500 institutional officers and developers done for the Industrial Distribution directors of programs offering graduate medical Management Program at UIUC. education.

679. Survey of Families Who Received Case Management 685. Grant Hospital Employee Attitude Survey Services for Children with Special Needs Survey for the Grant Hospital’s Task Force on Employee Study to examine the case management services for Environment to suggest ways to improve employee families with children having special needs (severely morale and job satisfaction and to decrease employee handicapped) in six states. Mail questionnaires were sent turnover. Questionnaires were administered on site to to families in such programs in Florida, Illinois, Iowa, approximately 1,200 salaried and hourly employees (full Massachusetts, North Carolina, and Rhode Island; and part time) of Grant Hospital in Chicago. telephone follow-ups were made later to obtain responses from approximately 100 families in each state, for a total

108 Forty-Year History of the Survey Research Laboratory 686. Alcohol & Drug Use Among Transients in Cook County (see 692. Waste Management Survey of Illinois Higher Education also 706; Spanish version 691) Institutions Study for the Illinois Department of Alcoholism and Study for the Illinois Hazardous Waste Research and Substance Abuse to develop prevalence and incidence Information Center to obtain information about the state estimates of substance use among homeless and other of waste management (for municipal solid, transient individuals in Cook County. Face-to-face nonhazardous, special, and hazardous waste) at 50 interviews were conducted with 481 males and females public and private higher education institutions in (18 or older) in SRO hotels, emergency and transitional Illinois. In Phase 1, the campuses were telephoned to get shelters, soup kitchens, and drop-in centers in Cook general information and the names of respondents for County. Completed February 1991. Publications 497, 499, Phase 2. In the second phase, a more detailed 510, 511, 522, 528, 752, 1085. questionnaire was mailed. Funding came from the Illinois Department of Energy and Natural Resources. 687. Field Test of a Drugged Driving Survey Methodology Canceled. 693. 1991 Outdoor Recreation Survey (see also 553, 629, 674, 776) 688. Work, Family, & the Sense of Control Telephone interview survey of 1,002 adults in Illinois for A National Science Foundation-funded project to develop the Illinois Department of Conservation to assess the and test a theory that links women’s and men’s objective patterns of the outdoor recreation of Illinois residents and positions of power at home and in the labor force to their their attitudes toward recreational facilities. Ran January subjective sense of powerlessness and control over life 1991–February 1992. and, in turn, to emotional well-being and behavior. Involved telephone interviews with 2,031 adults (18 or 694. Avoidable Mortality from Cancer in Black Populations (see older) in the general population nationwide. Principal also 621, 656) Investigators: Catherine Ross and John Mirowsky The 1991 postinterview phase of a study to evaluate an (Department of Sociology, UIUC). Publications 64, 673, educational project to increase participation of African- 674, 681, 682, 683, 687, 799, 800, 801, 804, 813, 821, 822, American women in cervical and breast cancer screening. 823, 825, 826, 832. The study assessed the effectiveness of an educational intervention (consisting of a direct print media campaign 689. Study of Emotional & Image Bases of Racial Attitudes and cancer educational workshops in churches and In 1990, SRL conducted 250 telephone interviews for schools and at African-American community special James Kuklinski (UIUC Department of Political Science). events) in altering knowledge, attitudes, and practice related to cervical and breast cancer. Involved telephone 690. Technology Corridor Educational Needs Assessment interviews with approximately 1,800 African-American Study for the Illinois Board of Higher Education to assess women (half of whom received the intervention and half the actual demand and likely usages of educational of whom did not) age 20 years or older in ten community programs designed for the employees of technology- areas on the south side of Chicago. Principal Investigator: based industries in the western and northwestern Clyde Phillips (School of Public Health, UIC). suburbs of Chicago, and to measure the perceptions of employers and employees on the quality and accessibility 695. UIC Faculty Satisfaction Survey of existing graduate-level training programs for This survey for the UIC Faculty Advisory Committee employees in technologically advanced fields. Involved aimed to assess faculty satisfaction and concerns at UIC. two surveys: In the Employer Survey, face-to-face SRL conducted focus groups with selected UIC faculty interviews were conducted with 74 senior executives in and mailed a questionnaire to 1,441 UIC faculty technology-based companies with at least one employee members, 75% of whom responded. Work on this study who has at least a bachelor’s degree in engineering and was completed November 1992. engineering-related technologies, mathematics and computer science, life science, or physical science; in the Employee Survey, telephone interviews were conducted 696. American Medical Record Association Survey (see also 469, with 215 employees with at least a bachelor’s degree in 592, 662, 715) one of the four areas listed above, selected from the same SRL assisted Margaret Amatayakul (American Medical companies used in the Employer Survey. Completed Record Association) in a 1991 mail survey of 6,000 November 1991. Publication 1112. Association members.

691. Alcohol & Drug Use Among Transients in Cook County— 697. Developing & Evaluating Re-interview Methods & Spanish Version (see also 686) Questionnaires Joint statistical agreement between the U.S. Bureau of the Census and UI to conduct cognitive experiments on reinterviews and think-alouds covering respondents’

1964–2004 109 understanding of question meaning, their methods for moderate-income African American and Hispanic giving self-reports (counting, estimation, etc.), and issues patients. The study involved 47 clinics serving HMO and of self-representation (e.g., threat, embarrassment). The non-HMO patients. It evaluated the process of program various experiments used face-to-face interviews with a dissemination among the physicians, and involved a variety of respondent groups. SRL reinterviewed 23 preintervention mail survey with all physicians and staff respondents to surveys conducted at UI, the University of members who had HMO patient contact to evaluate the Maryland, and the Bureau of the Census. Work physicians’ response to the intervention. In conjunction concluded September 1993. Principal Investigator: with the physician survey, approximately 40 records Seymour Sudman (SRL). Publications 69, 1008. from HMO patients and 20 records from non-HMO patients were abstracted at each clinic. Data collection in 698. Youth AIDS Prevention Program (YAPP) Year 4 repeated records abstraction procedures from Year Study completed in 1994 to evaluate a health 1. A small follow-up survey of the participating clinics intervention in Chicago area public schools on AIDS and was also conducted. An extension of this project was sexual practices. Self-administered questionnaires were conducted as Study 727. Completed April 1995. given to 701 seventh-grader students in 15 schools both before and immediately after the intervention, with the 703. Illinois Corn Marketing schools randomly assigned to the health intervention or SRL conducted 200 telephone interviews in 1991 for this to the school’s regular health education program. The study of corn marketing and market development. The students were followed for 2 more years (i.e., as 8th and study was supported by the Illinois Corn Marketing 9th graders), with questionnaires administered each year. Board. Principal Investigator: Harold Guither (Department Principal Investigator: Susan Levy (Prevention Research of Agricultural Economics, UIUC). Center, UIC). 704. Illinois Recreational Facilities Inventory 699. Community Interventions for Cancer Prevention: Year 2 Mail survey to obtain information on the supply of (see 599, etc.) outdoor recreation resources and facilities in Illinois. Involved data collected from facility managers on 700. Technology Transfer to Aid Pollution Prevention & Waste approximately 6,500 outdoor recreation facilities. Management Completed February 1993. Principal Investigator: Gerrit 1991 mail survey for the Illinois Hazardous Waste Knaap (Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Research and Information Center to gather information UIUC). from Illinois manufacturers in heavy industry on their waste control and management strategies and on their 705. Illinois School & Community Prevention Education techology development and information needs Program concerning waste management, and to assess to what Study to assess the attributes of organizations and school extent the manufacturers are receptive to working with staff associated with varying levels and types of the state to increase their operational efficiency and implementations of drug prevention education programs reduce the amount of waste that they generate. in Illinois public schools, to develop and test an Questionnaires were completed by the waste intervention to improve drug education program management officers at 1,000 manufacturing firms implementation, and to determine gaps in curricula. throughout Illinois who had been identified through Involved three waves of mail questionnaires (with telephone calls to the firms. telephone follow-ups) for school district superintendents, school board presidents, principals, faculty and other 701. AIDS Outreach Project: Consulting school staff, and parents and other community members Consulting for Walter Wiebel (School of Public Health) throughout Illinois. Approximately 995 interviews were on the AIDS Outreach Project. completed. Principal Investigator: Susan Levy (Prevention Research Center, UIC). 702. Prescribe for Health in Urban Minority Primary Care Physician Practices (see also 727) 706. Homelessness & Substance Use in Cook County (see also Four-year National Cancer Institute-funded study for 686) Loretta Lacey (Prevention Research Center), Clara Report prepared in 1991 for the Illinois Department of Manfredi (Prevention Research Center), and Ronald Alcoholism and Substance Abuse (DASA) based on data Czaja (North Carolina State University at Raleigh), with obtained in Study 686. Publication 497. Richard Warnecke as a co-investigator, to implement and evaluate an intervention to improve, maintain, and 707. Cognitive Aspects of Reporting Cancer Prevention diffuse early cancer detection protocols among primary Examinations & Tests care physicians at clinics in Chicago with mostly low-to- Research for the National Center for Health Statistics to investigate cognitive methods for improving responses to questions about health promotion and disease

110 Forty-Year History of the Survey Research Laboratory prevention, focusing on predictors of accuracy in low-SES households. Survey results were used to help reporting four early detection procedures: Pap smear, Chicago Public Schools better serve children and families mammography, breast physical examinations, and fecal for whom a low-income environment poses a risk to occult blood tests. The study involved two focus groups, school success. Principal Investigator: Arthur Reynolds 16 think-alouds, and 178 face-to-face interviews with (Department of Psychology, Yale University). women age 50 and over who had been members of the Rush-Anchor HMO since January 1, 1987, and lived in 714. Maine Township High School Chicago. Work on this study was completed June 1993. Study of citizen satisfaction with the quality of education Publications 727, 1035, 1036, 1037, 1120. provided by Maine Township, Illinois, high schools for Fred Coombs, Associate Dean of the UIUC College of 708. IDOT Elderly Driver Survey Education, funded by Maine Township High School Survey to identify road and highway design features (e.g., District 207 in suburban Chicago. Included questions on pavement markings on hills and curves, lighting at property taxes and problems facing schools. Telephone intersections) that are most important to the elderly in interviews were conducted with about 900 respondents driving safely, and to assess how hard or easy various with and without children in the schools. Survey results driving activities (reading signs on freeways, driving at were used to aid the Maine Township Board of night or in heavy traffic) are for the elderly now Education in policy and program decisions. Ran April– compared with 10 years ago. Involved 300 telephone September 1992. interviews with Illinois residents age 60 and younger and 600 mail questionnaires to residents 60 and older 715. Medical Records Department Survey (see also 469, 592, holding a valid Illinois driver’s license. Ran November 662, 696) 1991–April 1992. Principal Investigator: Richard Michaels Data reduction and processing for the American Health (Urban Transportation Center, UIC). Information Management Association (AHIMA) 1992 Manpower Survey. The mail survey was conducted with 709. SEIU Nurses Survey 3,475 respondents to collect information to assist in Consulting on study and questionnaire design for a defining staffing needs in health information survey of members of the Service Employees International management. It was one of a series of surveys that occur Union (SEIU) who were RNs. approximately every three years.

710. Substance Use Among the Adult Population of Illinois 716. Cook County Hospital Smoking Cessation Report prepared in 1992 for the Illinois Department of Telephone survey to examine the success of the Cook Alcoholism and Substance Abuse (DASA) based on data County Hospital Smoking Cessation Clinic in helping obtained in a statewide study of alcohol and drug use. patients to quit smoking. The survey involved telephone N=4,897. Publication 498. interviews with 331 former clients of the clinic. Principal Investigator: David Marder (Cook County Hospital). 711. Impact Study of the Institutional Development for Agricultural Training Sabbatic Program 717. CAER Course Needs Assessment Assistance to Thomas McCowen (UIUC Office of 1992 mail survey for Bob Bender, UI Associate Vice International Agriculture) in the development of a President for Academic Affairs, and the Center for questionnaire for administration to 75 U.S. scholars Advanced Education and Research (CAER) to identify having taken sabbatical leave between 1987 and 1992 at specific topics of interest for future CAER seminars by Egerton University in Kenya. The study assessed the surveying businesses in the technology corridor of impact of the sabbatic/scholar program with regard to northeastern Illinois. curriculum development, applied research, and teaching at Egerton. Completed January 1993. 718. Minority Populations’ Understanding of Health Questions National Center for Health Statistics-funded research to 712. Evaluation of the Dean, College of Pharmacy study question comparability aspects of health questions Evaluation of the head of UIC unit—confidential. Started by using cognitive methods to assess how racial/ethnic February 1992; canceled. background affects the interpretation of commonly administered health survey questions, the information 713. Low-Income Minority Children retrieval and judgment formation utilized for responses A 1992 longitudinal study of children at risk funded by to those questions, and the editing of responses prior to the Bureau of Program Evaluation, Chicago Public verbalization. Think-aloud interviews were conducted Schools, involving follow-up telephone interviews of with 423 respondents of varying SES in the Chicago area, approximately 350 nonrespondents to a first-wave mail employing a 4x2x50 design with African Americans, survey conducted by the Chicago Public Schools to Mexican Americans, Puerto Ricans, and Whites, half of assess the prevalence of past and present factors in whom were male and half of whom were female. Ran everyday life affecting the school success of children from

1964–2004 111 October 1992 to October 1995. Publications 531, 532, 533, with the demands of parenthood. It examined distress 534, 535, 726, 1084, 1110. related to pregnancy and birth and changes in gender roles that come after a couple has their first child. New 719. Cervical Cancer Prevention & Control Demonstration parents were interviewed by phone twice: Wave 1 Project: Year 2 (see 619) interviews were conducted with 262 parents from February 1994 through April 1995, and Wave 2 720. Aban Aya Youth Health Project interviews were conducted with 258 parents from August The purpose of this National Institute for Child Health 1994 through October 1995. In addition, infant and Human Development-funded study was to test the temperament questionnaires were mailed to the efficacy of a classroom-based intervention program respondents. Principal Investigator: Michele Kelley (School designed to prevent the health-compromising behaviors of Public Health, UIC). of violence, unsafe sexual behavior, and substance use/ abuse among 10- to 13-year-old African-American 725. Network Study of Chronically Disabled adolescents in poor neighborhoods of Chicago and its Using a network sample of the frail elderly, this study suburbs. The Prevention Research Center interviewed evaluated the effectiveness of multiplicity procedures for approximately 863 students in their schools and, where identifying the chronically disabled and assessed issues possible, surveyed the parents of the students by mail. related to service system access, availability, and quality. First in a pilot study (in 1993) and then in the first year of SRL conducted computer-assisted telephone interviews the main data collection (late 1994), SRL conducted with a sample of 450 frail elderly and working-age telephone interviews with those parents who failed to disabled persons. The study was conducted on behalf of return the questionnaire. In the main study year, Susan Allen (Brown University) with funding from the approximately 125 interviews were completed. Principal Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. Completed July 1994. Investigator: Brian Flay (Prevention Research Center, UIC). 726. UIUC Athletics/University of Illinois Sports Survey (see also 848) 721. Social Support Interventions for Addictive Behaviors The purpose of this mail survey of 1,363 undergraduates Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-funded for Ronald Guenther at UIUC’s Division of Intercollegiate study for the Prevention Research Center using statistical Athletics was to assess the interests and involvement of methods of meta-analysis to systematically review undergraduate students in University sports as controlled social support interventions for the treatment participants and spectators at all levels—intercollegiate, of alcoholism, smoking, and obesity in an attempt to club, and intramural. reconcile the equivocality in studies on the role of social support in addictive behavior modification, and to 727. Prescribe for Health Patient Interview Survey (see also 702) determine the features of interventions that are most An extension of Study 702, this National Cancer predictive of success. Completed June 1993. Institute-funded telephone survey for Loretta Lacey (Prevention Research Center) evaluated the effectiveness 722. Medical Scholars Program of a health promotion campaign conducted among Assistance to Diane Gottheil, UIUC College of Medicine, Chicago HMO patients designed to encourage early in setting up data entry and SPSS. cancer detection and frequent medical checkups. Interviews with 223 patients assessed the nature and 723. Illinois Comprehensive Substance Abuse Study extent of patients’ use of a “health promotion card” and The purpose of this study, sponsored by the Illinois their knowledge of and beliefs about cancer and the value Department of Alcoholism and Substance Abuse (DASA) of cancer screening. Principal Investigators after spring with funds from the Department of Health and Human 1994: Clara Manfredi (Prevention Research Center), Services Center for Substance Abuse Treatment, was to Ronald Czaja (North Carolina State University at produce precise incidence and prevalence estimates of Raleigh), and Richard Warnecke. Publication 652. nonmedical alcohol and drug use for the Illinois adult population. The information was to help DASA develop 728. Volunteer Literacy Tutoring Survey more effective prevention and treatment programs and The purpose of this mail survey of 582 graduate and apply state dollars in an optimal manner. Between July undergraduate students, sponsored by Timothy 26 and December 17, 1993, RDD telephone interviews Shanahan (UIC Center for Literacy), was to gather were conducted with 4,644 adults, with oversamples of information concerning the interest of students in African-American and Hispanic residents. community service in order to allow the University to develop community service opportunities for its students 724. New Parenthood Project that best meet their needs. Work on this study was Funded by the Health Resources Services completed August 1993. Administration, Maternal and Child Health Bureau, this study focused on how new mothers and fathers cope

112 Forty-Year History of the Survey Research Laboratory 729. CIS Program Project—Survey Core (see also 770, 829, 929) laboratory think-aloud interviews (N=43). Publication SRL conducted the survey work for this multiple-study 1101. program project, whose goal was to test intervention strategies relative to information dissemination and 734. Prison Survey behavior change. In Project 1, “Five-a-Day for Better This study was conducted with Illinois Department of Health,” callers to the Cancer Information Service (CIS) Alcoholism and Substance Abuse funds to determine the Hotline were interviewed on their nutritional habits and alcohol and drug use treatment needs of Illinois the amount of fruits and vegetables eaten each day. Four- prisoners. CAPI interviews were conducted with 630 week follow-ups to these interviews were conducted by inmates at prisons in Joliet, Menard, Dwight, and telephone with 1,672 cases; of these, 1,286 were Graham, Illinois, on their knowledge of HIV/AIDS risk interviewed at four months. In addition, a 24-hour factors and on their experiences with tobacco, alcohol, dietary recall pilot study was conducted by telephone. illicit drugs, substance use treatment programs, gangs, Project 2 focused on the impact of an out call from CIS or and sex prior to incarceration. Inmates were also asked the AMC Cancer Research Center on women’s health about their criminal history. Interviews were conducted habits and attitudes toward breast cancer and from February through July 1994. Principal Investigators: mammography six months after the out call. Women age James Swartz (Treatment Alternatives for Special Clients 50 or older were screened by telephone and put into an [TASC], Inc.) and Timothy P. Johnson (SRL). experimental or control group. SRL completed six-month follow-ups with 2,168 of these women. Survey work for 735. Sixth Conference on Health Survey Research Methods Project 3 consisted of conducting six-month follow-up Conference organizing for the Sixth Conference on telephone interviews with African-American smokers Health Survey Research Methods, held in June 1995. The who called a CIS toll-free number in response to a conference produced state-of-the-art summaries of smoking cessation media campaign. Program project methodological knowledge and agendas for needed Principal Investigator: Al Marcus (AMC Cancer Research methodological research. The focuses were major survey Center); Survey Core Principal Investigator: Richard B. activities in the federal statistical program, the use of Warnecke. Started July 1993; ended June 1994. surveys in health care policy, and ongoing Publications 244, 245, 658, 659, 660. methodological research relevant to these activities. The conference was sponsored by the Agency for Health Care 730. Panel on Consumer Decision Processes: Wave 7 (see 030, Policy and Research, the National Center for Health etc.) Statistics, the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, the 731. H.A. Wilson Market Study Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Under a subcontract, SRL ran focus groups in 1993 for Administration, the National Cancer Institute, and the this study for the Library Research Center on the Urbana Health Resources Services Administration. Conference campus. The work was funded by the H.A. Wilson organizers: Richard Warnecke and Diane O’Rourke. Company to find out what kind of penetration its Planning started January 1994; proceedings published products had in the libraries in Chicago and its suburbs May 1996. Publication 1093. so they could analyze future trends. Five focus groups were conducted with a total of 49 participants. 736. DCFS Client Survey Sponsored by the Department of Children and Family 732. Rural Hospital Discharge Planners Services of Illinois, this 1994 study sought to determine SRL conducted seven think-aloud interviews for Mary substance abuse treatment needs of its clients through Fennell (Pennsylvania State University) in anticipation of CAPI interviews with 150 clients in Cook County. a larger study on the organizational structures that link rural hospitals to long-term care providers. Ran August– 737. Second Year of Assessment of the Implementation and September 1993. Impact of the Community Clinical Oncology Program— Phase II (see 637) 733. Quality of Life Publications 539, 602, 666, 667, 670, 754. In this National Cancer Institute-funded study, a version of the Ferrans and Powers Quality of Life Index 738. School of Human Resources & Family Studies Student appropriate for adult African-American and Mexican- Survey American cancer patients with a high school education Data reduction of 1,547 cases for Aaron Ebata (Human or less was developed in English and in Spanish. The Resources and Family Studies, UIUC). psychometric properties, responsiveness to change, and implementation aspects of the two versions when used 739. Study to Determine Flooding Characteristics of Selected with cancer patients with stable health status and with Drainage Areas Within the Chicagoland Underflow Plan patients participating in cancer clinical trials were Area: Wave 4 (see 439, 539, 639) assessed. SRL conducted focus groups (N=17) and

1964–2004 113 740. College of Nursing, 1994 Evaluation of Dean of persons aged 60 and older, was interviewed by CATI Evaluation of head of UIC unit—confidential. during the first year of the study. Tracking calls were completed during the second and third years, and 741. Women & Violence in W. Humboldt Park (see also 759) reinterviews took place in the fourth year. SRL work was Funded by the MacArthur Foundation, this study completed in 1998. Principal Investigators: John Mirowsky focused on the impact of domestic and street violence on and Catherine Ross (The Ohio State University). the labor force participation and selected child rearing Publications 675, 676, 677, 683, 684, 685, 686, 782, 805, decisions of women living in the Humboldt Park 807, 812, 814, 815, 817, 819, 820, 822, 824, 832. neighborhood of Chicago. From September 16, 1994, through April 9, 1995, SRL conducted a face-to-face 747. Evaluation of Rocky Mountain Tobacco Free Challenge survey in English and in Spanish with 824 women in This study, sponsored by North Dakota’s Department of Humboldt Park. Principal Investigator: Susan Lloyd Health, Tobacco Prevention and Control Program, (Northwestern University). identified types of regional collaboration and identified whether the Rocky Mountain Tobacco Free Challenge 742. College of Dentistry, 1994 Evaluation of Dean (RMTFC) should develop a five-year agenda within the Evaluation of head of UIC unit—confidential. American Stop Smoking Intervention Study (ASSIST)/ IMPACT program. Annual RMTFC evaluation reports, 743. Ovarian Cancer Case Control Study original documents describing projects submitted to Funded by the National Institutes of Health, this study RMTFC, and the progress report on state tobacco use sought to determine whether or not genital talc exposure prevention and control activities published by the causes ovarian cancer. The link between fertility drugs, Association of State and Territorial Health Officials oral contraceptive use, hormone use, gynecological (ASTHO) were used to create case studies of each of the operations, nutritional factors, and family history with eight participating state programs. Principal Investigator: the development of ovarian cancer was examined. SRL Richard B. Warnecke (SRL). conducted face-to-face interviews with 450 non-Asian women age 18–74 residing in Cook County and having 748. Cognitive Interviewing Study of Ethnic Identification epithelial tumors. Using an RDD sample, control cases This study was conducted by Timothy Johnson with were recruited and matched to cancer cases by age, funding from the National Center for Health Statistics to race/ethnicity, and geographic area. Face-to-face investigate the cognitive processes that women of interviews were conducted with 380 cancer cases and multiracial background or Hispanic origin use to provide 501 matched controls. Work on this study concluded information about their racial and ethnic background September 1997. Principal Investigator: Karin Rosenblatt and that of their children. Think-aloud interviews were (Department of Community Health, UIC), Co-principal conducted with 86 women age 18–44 who have two Investigators: Faith Davis (School of Public Health, UIC) Hispanic parents or who have only one parent who is and Katherine Mallin (School of Public Health, UIC). Hispanic, African American, Asian, or Native American. Completed August 1995. Publications 526, 527. 744. Institutionalization of a Smoking Cessation Program This Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-funded 749. State & Local Immunization Coverage & Health Survey study for Clara Manfredi (Prevention Research Center) SRL was a subcontractor to Abt Associates, Inc., on this examined the institutionalization of a smoking cessation 1994 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-funded program for women of childbearing age in public health project. Approximately 16,000 U.S. households were clinics. The sample of 1,104 consisted of women smokers screened by CATI to identify households with children from 11 public health clinics in the Chicagoland area age 19–34 months. About 280 interviews were then who had completed a self-adminstered questionnaire at conducted with the person most knowledgeable about the time of the clinic visit. From February 1996 through the child’s immunization record. December 1997, SRL conducted follow-up CATI interviews five to eight weeks after the clinic visit with 750. University of Illinois 1994 Employee Attitude Survey 610 respondents. Co-principal Investigator: Richard To assess UIC employee attitudes and job satisfaction Warnecke. among the academic professional and support staff, questionnaires were mailed to 1,500 UIC staff members, 745. Chicago Married Couples Panel: Wave 7 (see 145, etc.) and all 2,800 Medical Center staff were asked to complete questionnaires at a group administration site or by mail. 746. Aging & Sense of Control (see also 868) The study was conducted for Roslyn Hoffman, Associate Sponsored by the National Institute on Aging and the Vice Chancellor for Administrative Services. National Institutes of Health, this study sought to specify and explain the relationship between age and 751. Community, Crime, & Health Across the Life Course changes in the sense of control over one’s own life. A Funded by the National Institute of Mental Health, this national RDD sample of 2,593, including an oversample four-year RDD CATI study focused on the way

114 Forty-Year History of the Survey Research Laboratory community context affects the health and well-being of 757. Means Restriction Awareness of Emergency Dept. individuals across the life course. SRL interviewed 2,482 Physicians & Nurses—Control Group, Detroit Survey (see members of the general public in Year 1 and conducted also 752) telephone tracking in Years 2 and 3. In the final year of This 1995 control-group study conducted in Detroit was the study, 1,331 respondents were re-interviewed. designed to assess knowledge of means restriction, a Principal Investigators: Catherine Ross (The Ohio State suicide prevention strategy in which the most lethal University) and Chester Britt (Pennsylvania State means of committing suicide are kept out of the hands of University). Work on this study concluded in 1999. adolescents. In each of two waves, a group of doctors and Publications 435, 816, 818, 828, 829, 830, 832. a group of nurses in emergency departments were interviewed, with new respondents being interviewed in 752. Means Restriction Survey of Emergency Department each wave. These respondents did not receive the Physicians & Nurses (see also 757) informational literature that the Chicago physicians and In this 1995 telephone survey of 39 hospitals, emergency nurses in Study 752 received in an experimental department physicians and nurses were asked about intervention. Interviews were completed with a total of 99 their knowledge of means restriction, a strategy for physicians and nurses. Principal Investigator: Marcus preventing teen suicide in which the most lethal means of Kruesi (Institute for Juvenile Research, UIC). committing suicide (e.g., firearms) are kept out of the hands of adolescents. Principal Investigator: Marcus 758. Fortune 500 Survey of Personnel Record Practices Kruesi (Institute for Juvenile Research). In June 1995, questionnaires were mailed to the heads of personnel at 300 randomly selected Fortune 500 753. American Medical Association Smoking Cessation Study companies to obtain information about their current Sponsored by the American Medical Association (AMA), personnel record-keeping practices and policies that this study evaluated the effectiveness of its How to Quit relate to privacy, including the types of records kept (e.g., smoking cessation program. A master list of 1,590 people medical, criminal) and the kinds of employee monitoring who purchased the program was used for the initial that may be utilized (e.g., visual, telephone, e-mail). sample. Five hundred seventy-three interviews were Companies that did not respond by mail were contacted completed with original purchasers or someone in the by phone in September 1995. Information was collected original purchaser’s household who had been given the from 84 companies. Principal Investigator: David Linowes program by the original purchaser. An additional 16 (Political Economy and Public Policy, UIUC). interviews were completed with network respondents generated from the original purchasers. Completed July 759. Women & Violence II (see also 741) 1996. This study expanded on work done in Study 741. It focused on the impact of domestic and street violence on 754. Evaluation of the Head Librarian of the Health Sciences the labor force participation and selected child rearing Library decisions of women living in the Montclare and Belmont- Evaluation of the head of UIC unit—confidential. Cragin areas of Chicago. From April 10, 1995 through October 15, 1995, SRL conducted face-to-face interviews 755. Cognitive Experiments on Long-Term Care with 149 non-Hispanic White women. Principal The National Institute on Aging funded this study of Investigator: Susan Lloyd (Center for Urban Affairs and perceptions of long-term care. Eight focus groups (8–10 Policy Research, Northwestern University). participants each) were conducted with African- American and non-Hispanic White elderly persons of 760. Epidemiolgic Racial & Incontinence Survey: Pilot Study low and middle incomes in the Chicago area. A This was a pilot for a National Institutes of Health- questionnaire was designed based on the findings from funded study of incontinence among Hispanic women, the focus groups, and 32 think-aloud interviews were in which participants were interviewed face-to-face on conducted. Principal Investigator: Baila Miller (Case topics including family history, medical history, physical Western Reserve University). activity, fluid intake, and incontinence. They then maintained a two-week incontinence diary, and each 756. Public Opinion Survey for UIC—Counselors was asked to undergo a physical exam at a later date. In This series of attitude surveys conducted for John the pilot, 30 subjects kept diaries and were interviewed in Camper, UIC Associate Chancellor for Public Affairs, on either English or Spanish. Principal Investigator: Dee public perceptions of UIC involved two methods of data Fenner (Rush St. Luke Medical Center). collection with three groups in the Chicago area: RDD CATI interviews with 739 members of the general public 761. Fire Departments and mail questionnaires completed by 323 high school The UIC College of Nursing funded this study of fire guidance counselors and 104 prominent members of the service musculoskeletal injuries. The study identified the Illinois business/civic community. Completed June 1996. 20 most strenuous job tasks of firefighters and paramedics, as well as the frequency with which each is

1964–2004 115 performed. Mail questionnaires were completed by 374 information. Between January and September 1997, SRL fire service personnel. SRL completed work on this study completed 591 interviews—300 from the control group in January 1996. and 291 from the experimental group. Principal Investigators: Timothy P. Johnson and Seymour Sudman 762. Sexual Abuse on UIC Campus (see also 867) (SRL) and Michael Fendrich (Department of Psychiatry, In this longitudinal study funded by the National UIC). Publications 286, 290, 520, 784. Institutes of Health, SRL mailed questionnaires to approximately 5,000 UIC employees: faculty, graduate 767. UIC Employee Evaluation Study students/medical residents, service workers, and SRL conducted six focus groups with a total of 48 clerical staff. The survey instruments covered issues of academic professionals and support staff at UIC to assess sexual and other types of harassment experienced in the employee perceptions of its Employee Development workplace, psychological well-being, and drinking Program, which was first implemented in the summer of behaviors. The 2,492 employees who completed the 1995. Completed January 1996. Publication 541. questionnaire for Wave 1 became the sample for Wave 2, and 82% of the Wave 2 sample (2,038 respondents) 768. Ryan White Title I HIV Study (see also 775, 801) submitted responses. Wave 1 data collection began in With Chicago Department of Public Health funds, SRL October 1996; Wave 2 data collection commenced in used focus groups and consensus meetings to develop November 1997. Principal Investigator: Judith Richman standard guidelines for 14 categories of service to be (Department of Psychiatry, UIC). funded by Ryan White Title I monies. Work continued as Study 775. Principal Investigator: Nathan Linsk (Midwest 763. Health Care Decision Making Among Elderly Hispanics AIDS Training and Education Center), Co-principal This study was funded through a Shannon Award, Investigator: Richard B. Warnecke (SRL). given by the National Institutes of Health. SRL conducted 100 face-to-face interviews with elderly 769. National Black Leadership Initiative II Hispanics in the Chicago area to examine ways in SRL conducted random-digit-dial interviews nationally which they perceive and manage episodes of illness and with 1,600 African Americans age 40 and older (half with how they choose among treatment alternatives, males and half with females) for the evaluation program particularly how they decide whether to seek medical of the National Black Leadership Initiative on Cancer care. Ended February 1996. (NBLIC). A second telephone survey was subsequently conducted to determine the effectiveness of NBLIC in 764. CHA Anti-Drug Initiatives disseminating information about cancer prevention. Funded by the National Institute of Justice, this study From a list sample of African Americans age 40 and over evaluated the Chicago Housing Authority’s anti-drug who had filled out participant cards, 1,144 interviews initiative. Four waves of face-to-face interviews were were completed from March 1, 1998 through July 23, conducted with approximately 550 respondents per 1998. From October 30, 1998 through May 1, 1999, 1,351 wave in three public housing developments. Six waves RDD interviews were conducted. Respondents were of in-depth interviews with staff members and 12 asked about dietary habits and screening behaviors for residents in each development also were conducted. breast, colorectal, and prostate cancers. The project was Principal Investigator: Susan Popkin (Abt Associates, funded by the National Cancer Institute. Principal Inc.), Co-principal Investigator: Victoria Gwiasda (SRL). Investigator: Louis Sullivan (Morehouse School of Publications 450, 775, 776, 777, 778. Medicine).

765. CHA-HUD Resident Satisfaction Survey 770. Breast Cancer Research Program (see also 729, etc.) SRL was a subcontractor to Abt Associates, Inc., for this Using the same questionnaire as Project 2 of Study 729, study on Chicago Housing Authority (CHA) resident etc., six-month follow-up CATI interviews were satisfaction and management needs, which was funded conducted with women previously contacted by the AMC by the Housing and Urban Development Department. Cancer Research Center project staff to assess the From October through December 1997, face-to-face effectiveness of calls encouraging them to get interviews were conducted with 1,058 randomly mammograms. Main data collection resulted in 770 selected residents living in CHA family housing, elderly completes. Funding was from the Department of Defense, housing, and row houses. Publication 774. and work was completed in March 1997. Principal Investigator: Lori Crane (AMC Cancer Research Center). 766. Survey Research on Drug Use & Associated Behaviors With funding from the National Institute on Drug 771. LaSalle-Peru Case Control Screening Abuse, SRL conducted face-to-face cognitive interviews SRL conducted computer-assisted telephone screening of with residents of the Chicago metropolitan area to 208 residents of La Salle-Peru, Illinois, to identify evaluate the effectiveness of a cognitive interviewing potential matches for a future face-to-face case control strategy for the collection of self-reported drug use study on the effects of having worked in a local factory

116 Forty-Year History of the Survey Research Laboratory decades ago. SRL also assisted the client on this project service to be funded by Ryan White Title I monies. SRL in developing a face-to-face questionnaire and in training also provided technical assistance in the implementation field interviewers. Completed August 1996. Principal of evaluation techniques to improve services provided to Investigator: Victoria Persky (School of Public Health, people with HIV/AIDS. SRL developed all 14 consumer UIC). surveys and piloted one of them. Focus groups with a follow-up mail survey of about 20 CDPH staff members 772. Illinois Caucus for Adolescent Health and 71 service providers assessed the grants The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention funded management process and the working relationship this study to develop a questionnaire to collect data to between the providers and the funding agency. Principal provide an inventory of providers of teen pregnancy and Investigators: Nathan Linsk (UIC Midwest AIDS Training pregnancy prevention centers. F.G. Data Source trained and Education Center) and Richard B. Warnecke (SRL). Illinois Caucus for Adolescent Health staff to conduct focus groups with in- and out-of-school youth, parents of 776. 1996 Outdoor Recreation Study (see also 553, 629, 674, teenagers, and community members. SRL developed a 693) questionnaire that was mailed to service providers in Sponsored by the Illinois Department of Conservation, three Chicago neighborhoods. Publication 504. this statewide CATI study sought to assess respondents’ participation in outdoor recreation in Illinois and 773. CDC Cancer Information Service Outreach Demonstration elsewhere. From October through December 1996, SRL SRL conducted an evaluation of the contribution of interviewed 1,004 Illinois adults, stratified by residence outreach coordinators to this demonstration project, in the city of Chicago, the Chicago suburbs, and which was piloted in Massachusetts, Arkansas, Illinois, downstate Illinois. Publication 721. and the state of Washington. The program sought to increase participation of underserved women in its 777. Adult Prevention of Youth Suicide education and screening services. Outreach coordinators’ This study involved two focus groups with mothers of ability to develop partnerships with local agencies youths seen in the emergency department of Riverside reflective of the partnerships established at the federal Hospital in Kankakee, Illinois, for attempted suicide. The and state levels were evaluated. Interviews were study tested a theory of readiness and parent action in conducted with key individuals at each site through restricting the youths’ access to firearms. Completed June whom partnerships were formed and interventions 1998 for Janet Grossman (Institute for Juvenile Research, initiated. Information was also collected from data and UIC). reports that the Cancer Information Service and the National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection 778. Henry Horner Redevelopment Study Program provide to the National Cancer Institute. The purpose of this study, funded by the John D. and Principal Investigator: Doris Garrett (Illinois Department of Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, was to assess the Public Health). This project ended in 1999. Publication Henry Horner economic redevelopment project in 1115. Chicago, including efforts to integrate the residents into the larger community. SRL conducted focus groups and 774. DCFS/DASA Treatment Outcome Study cognitive interviews with Horner residents as part of SRL evaluated the effectiveness of a DASA/Department questionnaire development. Beginning in March 1998, of Children and Family Services (DCFS)-enhanced drug face-to-face interviews were conducted with 289 Chicago rehabilitation program (the Initiative Program). Face-to- Housing Authority residents and 208 community face interviews were conducted with three groups of members. Principal Investigator: Susan Popkin (Abt DCFS female clients, all of whom were randomly selected: Associates, Inc); Co-principal Investigator: Victoria 148 who participated in the Initiative Program or in the Gwiasda (SRL). regular DASA drug rehabilitation program, and 51 who were screened and found to be eligible for the Initiative 779. Sickle Cell Disease: Moving From Child Care to Adult Care Program but who did not participate in it. Three-quarters Focus groups were conducted with adolescents and of the interviews were conducted in Chicago and the young adults with sickle cell disease and with their remainder in Rockford. Completed June 1997. Principal parents and medical practitioners on the experiences and Investigator: Samuel Gillespie (Illinois Department of concerns of people with the disease as they move from Alcoholism and Substance Abuse). child-centered to adult-centered care. The results were used to develop a transitional protocol to reduce the 775. Ryan White Title I Study-Year 2 (see 768, 801) number of patients lost to follow-up in the transition to With funds from the Chicago Department of Public adult-centered care. The study was funded by the Health (CDPH) Center for Health Systems Development, Chicago Health Policy Research Council and conducted Inc., SRL used the results of client focus groups to for Richard Sewell (Chicago Health Policy Research develop client satisfaction measures to evaluate the Council, University of Chicago). standards developed in Study 768 for 14 categories of

1964–2004 117 780. Reporting of Adolescents’ Mental Health Service Use 786. Rural Hospital Discharge Planners Study designed specifically to collect the preliminary With funds from the National Institute on Aging, 21 data necessary to produce a much larger NIMH telephone interviews with discharge planners at rural application. This pilot study evaluated the validity of hospitals were conducted to gain a better understanding mental health service use information provided by of the organizational structures that link rural hospitals parents about their children. It allowed the development to long-term care providers. This study was conducted of clearer hypotheses about salience of reporting-validity for Mary Pat Fennell (Brown University). Publication 628. issues in services research and about the cognitive processes associated with service use reporting error. A 787. Vehicle-Arresting Barriers (VABs) sample of 141 cases was selected for telephone With funds from the Illinois Department of interviews and medical records abstraction; 47 Transportation, SRL was asked by Fred Coleman, interviews were completed. Principal Investigators: Department of Civil Engineering, UIUC, to conduct face- Michael Fendrich and Catherine Nageotte (Department to-face interviews with drivers stopped for trains at three of Psychiatry, UIC) and Timothy P. Johnson (SRL). railroad crossings at which experimental vehicle- Completed June 1998. Publication 289. arresting barriers would be set up. Three waves of data collection were planned: one prior to the installation of 781. Pilot Survey of Female Veterans the barriers (conducted in spring 1997), one right after A convenience sample of 200 female veterans seen at a installation, and another one month later. Although an Veterans Affairs clinic was interviewed face-to-face on immediate post wave was conducted at one of the sites, whether their mental and physical health needs were the study was then terminated because of VAB met and on the quality of service. Principal Investigator: equipment failures that ended the experiment. Linda Grossman, Psychiatric Institute, UIC. 788. Addictions Disability Study (see also 830) 782. Survey of Pharmaceutical, Medical Device, & Biotechnical As of January 1997, substance abuse was no longer Organizations considered a disability by the Social Security This study was conducted with funds from the Robert Administration. This study, funded by the Illinois Wood Johnson Foundation for David Dranove and Burt Department of Alcoholism and Substance Abuse (DASA) Weisbrod of Northwestern University. Questionnaires and the State Systems Development Program, Center for were mailed to 109 medical device, pharmaceutical, and Substance Abuse Treatment (CSAT), U.S. Department of biotechnical companies to assess the extent of their Health and Human Services, assessed the effects of the research and development projects and the long-term loss of SSI payments on the individuals who are now implications of those projects. Fifty-eight questionnaires ineligible. Data collection, which began in late 1996, were completed by June 1997. continued in six-month intervals through 1998. Principal Investigator: Paul Goldstein (Treatment Alternatives for 783. Cognitive Functioning of the Elderly Special Clients, Inc.). Cognitive interviews were conducted by telephone or face-to-face in December 1996 with 62 persons age 70 or 789. Chicago Alternative Policing Strategy (CAPS) (see also 798, older to test theoretical and applied issues related to the 812, 832, 887, 946) answering of cognitive functioning questions by elderly For this annual telephone survey of Chicago residents, respondents. Seymour Sudman, SRL, was principal 3,066 computer-assisted telephone interviews were investigator for the professional services contract conducted about community policing and crime in awarded to SRL by the National Center for Health respondents’ neighborhoods. This study was conducted Statistics for this work. Publication 730. in 1997 for Susan Hartnett, Center for Urban Affairs and Policy Research, Northwestern University, with funding 784. Prevention Center Behavioral Risk Factor Network (SIP5) from the National Institute of Justice. This project provided funding for Timothy Johnson, SRL, to participate in the newly organized Prevention Center 790. Potential Use of Advanced Photon Source Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) This study was funded by the Illinois Coalition, a not-for- Network, which coordinates activities among university- profit organization of leaders from academia, labor, based researchers who are conducting analyses of industry, and government. In January 1997, BRFSS data. Publication 206. questionnaires were mailed to 400 research-and- development professionals (who were given the option to 785. 1996 Survey of Governmental Objectives complete an interview by telephone or return the SRL contributed 30 interviews of Illinois residents for questionnaire by mail) to assess their desire and need for this study done in collaboration with 40 different survey a program to open the Advanced Photon Source (APS) at organizations, each in a different state. The goal was to Argonne National Laboratory to technology-based put together a national data set to be available through companies in Illinois. One hundred and fifty-nine the University of California at Berkley. questionnaires were returned, and 15 telephone

118 Forty-Year History of the Survey Research Laboratory interviews were completed. Principal Investigator: Timothy on art history and art technology. Students filled out pre- P. Johnson (SRL). Publication 451. and post-course questionnaires that asked about their technical backgrounds, attitudes about technology, and 791. National Women’s Needs Assessment use of MESL products. SRL processed and analyzed the To provide data for a national survey funded by the U.S. data for Beth Sandore (Digital Library Research Program, Department of Education on the needs of women who UIUC Library) in 1997. have been diagnosed with mental illness, three focus groups (one with Caucasian women, one with African 797. Casino Boat Study American women, and one with Latinas) were conducted This study, funded by the Illinois Gaming Board (a unit for Jessica Jonikas (Department of Psychiatry, UIC). of the Illinois Department of Revenue), obtained profiles of patrons who gamble on Illinois’ 13 casino boats and 792. Survey of HIV/AIDS Service Providers how patrons’ characteristics differ among those who This 1997 mail survey of evaluation of HIV/AIDS gamble weekday day and evening and weekend day and Prevention Services was conducted for Susan Levy, evening. SRL developed the sample design and a short School of Public Health, UIC. The Chicago Department of questionnaire that was handed out to randomly selected Public Health (CDPH) provided the funds for CDPH staff patrons and analyzed the data from 12,500 cases. members to be trained to moderate focus groups. 798. Chicago Alternative Policing Strategy—Part II (see also 793. Statewide Drug & Alcohol Abuse Treatment Needs 789, 812, 832, 887, 946) Prevalence Study Part of a continuing study on community policing in For this study on needs for drug and alcohol treatment in Chicago, this was a citywide random-digit-dial survey of the state, funded by the Illinois Department of 3,066 Chicago residents. The purpose of the study was to Alcoholism and Substance Abuse (DASA) and the State better understand the possible problems Chicagoans face Systems Development Program, Center for Substance in their neighborhoods. Questions covered such topics as Abuse Treatment (CSAT), U.S. Department of Health and crime in Chicago neighborhoods, community Human Services, the goal was to complete 8,000 random- involvement, and police/emergency assistance. Principal digit-dial, computer-assisted, telephone interviews (400 Investigators: Wes Skogan and Susan Hartnett (Center for interviews in each of the 20 geographic areas of the state). Urban Affairs and Policy Research, Northwestern Completed interviews totaled 8,326. Principal Investigator: University). Funding was provided by the National Timothy P. Johnson (SRL). Publications 210, 518, 519, 629. Institute of Justice. Completed September 1998.

794. Alcohol, Tobacco, & Other Drug Use by Medicaid 799. Community Interventions for Cancer Prevention: Year 3 Recipients in Illinois (see 599, etc.) In this study on the prevalence of substance use among Publications 697, 698. welfare recipients in Illinois, funded by the Illinois Office of Alcohol and Substance Abuse, SRL interviewed 1,338 800. Illinois Survey (Omnibus) respondents, mostly through computer-assisted A total of 1,231 CATI interviews were completed in telephone interviews, although about 125 were computer- spring 1997 for various government and university assisted personal interviews. The survey instrument was clients. Topics included satisfaction with life in Illinois, administered in both English and Spanish. Publication possible state income tax and gasoline tax increases, 205. satisfaction with health care providers, the state University system, casino boat gambling, political 795. Alcohol, Tobacco, & Other Drug Use Among Illinois Office preferences, and domestic violence. Publications 512, 529. of Mental Health Clients Funded by the Illinois Office of Alcohol and Substance 801. Ryan White Title I Guideline Development Project Year 3 Abuse and the State Systems Development Program, (see also 768, 775, 810) Center for Substance Abuse Treatment, U.S. Department This continuation of the Ryan White Title I project, of Health and Human Services, this study aimed to funded by the Chicago Center for Health Systems determine the prevalence of drug and alcohol use among Development, Inc., was the finalization of a system of clients of the Illinois Office of Mental Health and to service evaluation including agency peer review and determine their treatment needs. Face-to-face interviews consumer survey components to be implemented on an were conducted in both English and Spanish with 300 ongoing basis. The project also included convening a inpatients and 302 outpatients in thirteen mental health gathering of Title I provider and consumer groups to facilities throughout the state. Publication 208. report on the guideline development process, initiating a review of client outcomes, and considering possible 796. Museum Educational Site License Project (MESL) critical pathways through the Title I service system. The Getty Information Institute funded MESL to offer Principal Investigator: Richard B. Warnecke (SRL). digital images to students at seven universities in courses

1964–2004 119 802. Probationers Substance Abuse 2000 through mid-August 2001. Principal Investigator: Al SRL completed computer-assisted personal interviews Marcus (AMC Cancer Research Center), Co-principal with 627 probationers in order to develop estimates of Investigator: Richard B. Warnecke (Center for Health their current substance abuse treatment needs and Services Research/Division of Population, Cancer service use patterns. Funding was provided by the Center/SRL). Illinois Office of Alcohol and Substance Abuse through the State Needs Assessment Program, Center for Project 3, Calling It Quits—A Tailored Smoking Cessation Substance Abuse Treatment, U. S. Department of Health Program, consisted of two follow-up telephone interviews and Human Services. Principal Investigator: Timothy P. with adult smokers who called the CIS toll-free number in Johnson (SRL). Publications 638, 639. response to the program’s media campaign. Three-month follow-up interviews were completed with 1,610 803. Evaluation of Victim-Witness Assistance Program respondents between June 1999 and December 2000, Computer-assisted telephone interviews were conducted while 1,199 twelve-month follow-up interviews were with 461 victims of crime in Cook County to evaluate the conducted from mid-March 2000 through mid-August effectiveness of the Victim-Witness Assistance Program 2001. Principal Investigator: Victor Strecher (University of operated by the Cook County State’s Attorney’s Office. Michigan), Co-principal Investigator: Richard B. Warnecke The survey was funded by the National Institute of (Center for Health Services Research/Division of Justice and sponsored by the Illinois Criminal Justice Population, Cancer Center/SRL). Information Authority (ICJIA). 806. Survey Response Rates Literature Review 804. National Cancer Institute Training Grant In 1997, SRL conducted a literature review of survey This predoctoral and postdoctoral training program in response rates, an evaluation of American Speech- cancer prevention was located in the School of Public Hearing Association past surveys, and produced a final Health at the University of Illinois at Chicago and report including methodological suggestions for emphasized methodology and evaluation of cancer improving response rates. Publication 627. control programs. NCI provided funds for salary, tuition, supplies, travel, and equipment. Principal Investigator: 807. Low-Income Housing Trust Fund Study Richard B. Warnecke (Health Research and Policy On behalf of Charles Hoch (Department of Urban Centers, School of Public Health, UIC/SRL). Planning, UIC), SRL conducted 153 CAPI interviews from a list sample of housing units currently receiving 805. Cancer Information Service Survey Methods Core subsidies from the fund. The city of Chicago provided the SRL conducted the survey work for this multi-year, multi- funds for this study to assess respondents’ knowledge of study program project of the Cancer Information Service the rent subsidy program, gauge their satisfaction with (CIS). Respondents were individuals who called the CIS their buildings and neighborhoods, and gather hotline (1-800-4-CANCER) and completed a baseline information about other forms of financial assistance interview. SRL’s role was to conduct follow-up telephone they are receiving. Completed 1998. interviews to evaluate the effectiveness of the CIS encounter and the tailored mailings sent to respondents. 808. Healthy Start Cooperative Agreement: Phase II Each individual project had a substantive focus as well. In this phase of the evaluation of Chicago’s Healthy Start Initiative, funded by the U.S. Department of Health and Project 1, Five-a-Day for Better Health, focused on Human Services and implemented in two Chicago health nutritional habits and increasing the amount of fruits care clinics, SRL abstracted approximately 2,500 patient and vegetables people eat daily. SRL conducted three- medical records over a four-year period. The purpose of month follow-up interviews between July 1999 and the study was to determine how the Healthy Start March 2000 with 2,223 CIS callers and 1,956 twelve- program has impacted clinic patients, especially in terms month follow-up interviews during May through October of outcomes for infants. Principal Investigators: Salim Al 2000. Principal Investigator: Jerianne Heimendinger (AMC Nurridin (Southside Health Consortium) and Richard B. Cancer Research Center), Co-principal Investigator: Warnecke (Center for Health Services Research/Division Richard B. Warnecke (Center for Health Services of Population, Cancer Center/SRL). Work on this study Research/Division of Population, Cancer Center/SRL). was completed June 2001.

For Project 2, Colorectal Cancer Screening, the CIS Research 809. Survey of Human Resource Practices (see also 854) Consortium used the CIS infrastructure to conduct a four- This in-depth survey of Fortune 1000 companies was group trial aimed at increasing the proportion of CIS conducted on behalf of researchers at the J.L. Kellogg callers over age 50 who obtain fecal occult blood tests. Graduate School of Management, Northwestern SRL conducted 2,740 four-month follow-up interviews University, and Deloitte & Touche, LLP. The questions between August 1999 and December 2000 and 2,224 addressed the human resource practices of a company, as fourteen-month follow-up interviews from early June well as the ways in which these practices are linked to

120 Forty-Year History of the Survey Research Laboratory firm strategy and performance. The study included a mail The study was funded by the National Institute of Mental questionnaire returned by fax, followed by a telephone Health. interview. Data collection extended from April through August 1998 and resulted in 77 completed interviews. 815. Chicago Public Schools Satisfaction Survey The goal of this 1998 survey was to assess how satisfied 810. Guideline Development Project—Ryan White Year 4 (see parents are with the long-term results of an early also 768, 775, 801) childhood initiative their children participated in when This continuation of the Ryan White Title I project, they were in the Chicago Child Parent Center preschool funded by the Chicago Center for Health Systems program. With funding from the Chicago Public Schools, Development, Inc., was the finalization of a system of the University of Wisconsin-Madison contracted with service evaluation including agency peer review and SRL to follow up with about 100 parents of the original consumer survey components to be implemented on an cohort who were difficult to reach. Using both telephone on-going basis. The project also included convening a and mail, SRL reached 64 parents. gathering of Title I provider and consumer groups to report on the guideline development process and 816. Illinois Department of Transportation (IDOT) Road Signs initiating a review of client outcomes and considering The goal of this study for IDOT was to assess the effects possible critical pathways through the Title I service of CMSs (portable, programmable signs used near road system. Principal Investigator: Richard B. Warnecke construction sites). Drivers were interviewed at a rest (Health Research and Policy Centers, School of Public area on an interstate highway in Illinois. This work was Health, UIC/SRL). completed for Siim Soot and Paul Metaxatos (Urban Transportation Center, UIC). 811. Ela Area Public Library Community Survey This random-digit-dial computer-assisted telephone 817. Population Survey of Low-Income Children in Illinois survey was conducted in 1998 in three Illinois cities: To determine eligibility for the new “Kid Care” health Hawthorne Woods, Kildeer, and Lake Zurich. SRL insurance program, this study collected information for completed interviews with 530 adults concerning the Illinois Department of Public Aid on the medical satisfaction with library services. insurance status and needs of children who are living at or below 250% of the poverty line. Using a unique 812. Chicago Alternative Policing Strategy—Part 3 (see also 789, household screening and rostering tool, SRL screened 798, 832, 887, 946) over 14,800 households via telephone and 5,468 This police-beat-specific reverse directory telephone households in person. Five hundred fifty-five face-to-face survey of 2,852 Chicago residents continued the work and 788 phone interviews were completed. Principal done in Studies 789 and 798 and was funded by the Investigators: Richard B. Warnecke and Dianne Rucinski National Institute of Justice. To better understand the (Health Research and Policy Centers, School of Public problems Chicagoans face in their neighborhoods and to Health, UIC). Completed June 1999. learn how the police are helping them address those problems, twenty-nine police beats with an active 818. Public Attitudes Towards Higher Education in Illinois community policing program were selected to be SRL conducted this study for the State of Illinois Board of included in the study. This survey was completed in Higher Education to measure and report public attitudes August 1999. Principal Investigator: Susan Hartnett on higher education and higher education policies in (Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University). Illinois. It included telephone interviews with 654 Illinois residents, telephone interviews with 40 opinion leaders, 813. Survey of a Health Model for Community-Based and focus groups with Illinois residents. The statewide Prevention/Intervention Strategies on Women & Asthma random-digit-dial phone interviews with residents were This 1998 study assessed the prevalence of asthma in divided into two groups: households with listed numbers adult women. Staff from the UIC Center for Research on and those with unlisted numbers. Approximately half of Women and Gender were trained to conduct face-to-face the listed households received a token gift for their interviews with adult females (English- and Spanish- participation. Publication 757. speaking) in the Near West side of Chicago. 819. Survey of Physicians & Substance Abuse 814. Harassment & Mental Health Survey In order to investigate the ability of primary care A telephone survey was conducted for Kathleen physicians to diagnose and assist patients suffering from Rospenda (Department of Psychiatry, UIC) with a substance abuse, SRL conducted two surveys. The first random sample of 111 adult Chicagoans who work at was a national probability survey of primary care least part-time to assess their experiences with sexual physicians specializing in family medicine, general harassment, use of and satisfaction with mental health practice, internal medicine, obstetrics and gynecology, services, indicators of mental health, and substance use. and pediatrics; and the second was a survey of adult patients receiving treatment for substance abuse in one of

1964–2004 121 10 facilities in California, Illinois, New York, and and Substance Abuse. Principal Investigator: Timothy P. Minnesota. Between April and August 1999, telephone Johnson (SRL). Publications 207, 516, 517. interviews were completed with 648 physicians, and 510 patients filled out paper and pencil questionnaires. 824. Greater Chicago Food Depository Needs Assessment The study was sponsored and funded by the National This study examined the need for food depositories in Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse at Columbia Chicago: it attempted to measure how food available University. Principal Investigators: Timothy P. Johnson through existing depositories was used, to identify the and Holly Hart (SRL). Publication 455. backgrounds of those using the depositories, and to quantify the number of households lacking adequate food 820. Survey of Directors of Residency Programs resources but not presently using depositories. A list The purpose of this study, sponsored by the sample that was known to include a greater percentage of Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education low-income residents and that included areas in which (ACGME) and funded by the Robert Wood Johnson the presence or absence of food depositories was known Foundation, was to gather information about the was created for the telephone portion of the study, and evaluation practices used by medical residency 421 phone interviews were completed in November and programs in 27 core specialty areas to determine December of 1998. Face-to-face interviews were conducted whether or not these practices have changed in response with 69 patrons of shelters and other facilities where free to ACGME directives. The mailed questionnaires were meals are provided to determine how frequently patrons returned by 2,645 physicians. Completed in May 1999. availed themselves of the service. Principal Investigators: Charles Hoch (Urban Planning and Policy Program, UIC) 821. Displaced Worker Survey and Cedric Williams (Center for Urban Economic The instrument for this study was based on the Development, UIC). “Displaced Worker” survey the U.S. Bureau of the Census conducts every other year. During the first stage 825. Seventh Conference on Health Survey Research Methods of data collection (between January 29 and April 13, Conference organizing for the Seventh Conference on 1999), the brief questionnaire was administered to 84 Health Survey Research Methods, held September 24–27, former Citicorp employees from New York and 1999, in Williamsburg, Virginia. It continued a series of California. The second data collection effort extended conferences that began in 1975 to discuss innovative from February to June 2000 and gathered information survey research methods to imporove helath survey from 105 former employees from South Dakota and research data. The conference was attended by 76 invited Maryland. Conducted for Paul Oyer (J.L. Kellogg participants, taking part in five sessions: (1) collecting Graduate School of Management, Northwestern data from children and adolescents, (2) rackail and University). ethinic populations: cross-cultural considerations; (3) comparability of data across different modes of data 822. Arrestee Drug Abuse Monitoring (ADAM) Survey collections, (4) validity of results, and (5) needs for state With funding from the National Institute of Justice, SRL and local data of national relevance. The conference was conducted the Chicago survey portion of the ADAM funded by the following supporters: Agency for study, a national research effort to assess the drug use of Healthcare Research and Quality, Health Care Financing recent arrestees, during the final two quarters of 1998. Administration, Health Resources Services Face-to-face interviews were conducted with arrestees at Administration, National Cancer Institute, National several locations in Cook County. Principal Investigator: Center for Health Statistics, National Institute on Alcohol James Swarz (Treatment Alternatives for Special Clients, Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Inc.). National Institutes of Health, Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services 823. Substance Abuse Treatment Need Among Youth Entering Administration, and Survey Research Center of the the Illinois Juvenile Corrections System (see also 914) University of Michigan. Conference organizers: Richard To determine the nature and extent of illegal substance Warnecke and Diane O’Rourke (SRL). Planning started in use and its consequences among serious juvenile 1997; proceedings published February 2001. offenders in Illinois, SRL conducted 401 face-to-face interviews with youth newly admitted to the Illinois 826. Section 8 (Focus Groups) Youth Centers in St. Charles and Warrenville (326 For this 1998 study, SRL conducted six focus groups of males, 75 females). The questionnaire included modules Chicago residents who applied for Section 8 vouchers to on substance abuse, family background, educational determine what barriers they encountered in obtaining background, history of illegal activity, and past history housing. Two of the six groups consisted of residents with of physical and sexual abuse. Interviews took place small families, two of residents with large families, one of during May through August 2000. The study was residents who were relocated out of public housing, and conducted on behalf of the Illinois Office of Alcoholism one of disabled residents. This work was done for Susan Popkin of The Urban Institute. Publication 770.

122 Forty-Year History of the Survey Research Laboratory 827. NPDB User & Non-user Survey 830. Addictions Disability Study, Wave V (see also 788) The Health Resources and Services Administration For the fifth and final wave of this multi-year study, commissioned this study to determine how well the computer-assisted personal interviews were conducted National Practitioner Data Bank (NPDB) is meeting the with 276 respondents pooled from previous waves. The intent of the Health Care Quality Improvement Act and goal of the study was to determine the effects of serving users’ needs. This databank contains information elimination of Supplemental Security Income (SSI) on specific medical practitioners, including licenses, support for those individuals who qualified for SSI under professional society memberships, education the drug and alcohol dependency category until its background, medical malpractice payments, adverse elimination January 1, 1997, particularly the effects on action reports, license suspensions, and license their quality of life and their substance abuse. The face-to- revocations. Users of the databank are those face interviews were preceded by telephone calls and professionals who work in either the medical field advance letters. Principal Investigator: Paul Goldstein (hospitals, group practices, managed care organizations), (School of Public Health and Great Cities Institute, UIC). state licensing boards, professional societies, or medical Completed November 1999. malpractice insurers. Users query the NPDB to obtain information on a practitioner when considering that 831. Illinois Poll, 1999 person for hiring, licensing, or credentialing, and some SRL conducted 605 telephone interviews on a variety of users report medical malpractice payments, adverse subjects, including food safety, metropolitan Chicago actions, or license suspensions/revocations to the NPDB. transportation issues, crime and neighborhood safety, Entities were screened to identify users of the NPDB, and asthma in children, health-related volunteering, and during May 2000, 2,448 users were mailed a set of involuntary housing loss. Questions also addressed questionnaires pertaining to the querying and reporting resident satisfaction with state and local government, process of the NPDB. Because of the complexity of the perceptions of the University of Illinois at Urbana- questionnaire packets, SRL established an e-mail account Champaign, and knowledge and use of advanced to which respondents could send their questions and a practical nursing services. The study was based on a frequently-asked-questions Web page. SRL also dual-frame sample design. Upon completion of the poll, conducted follow-up reminder calls during August and SRL attempted interviews with 435 cases who had September. By the September 30 cut-off date, SRL received refused the screener or the final interview to better 1,572 completed questionnaires. The non-user survey understand the factors contributing to nonresponse in involved computer-assisted telephone interviews of random-digit-dial studies. Refusers were offered a small entities identified as non-users of the NPDB (those which monetary incentive for their participation, and 108 have not used the NPDB in the past three years) and completed interviews. never-users. The purpose of this component was to examine other methods used by the non-user entities to 832. Chicago Alternative Policing Strategy (CAPS) City-Wide review practitioner applications without the consultation Spring Survey (see also 789, 798, 812, 832, 887, 946) of the NPDB. SRL conducted interviews with 169 non- Funded by the National Institute of Justice and the users during May through August 2000. Principal Illinois Criminal Justice Information Authority, this study Investigators: Richard B. Warnecke (Center for Health examined 3,101 Chicago residents’ knowledge of and Services Research/Division of Population, Cancer satisfaction with the city’s community-oriented policing Center/SRL) and Peter Budetti (Institute for Health program. A dual-frame sample design was used. To Services Research and Policy Studies, Northwestern determine the effects of advance letters on response rates, University). Publication 1121. three-quarters of the list sample received an advance letter. Interviews were conducted from March through 828. Treatment Outcomes & Performance Pilot Studies June of 1999 with both English- and Spanish-speaking (TOPPS) Enhancement II residents. Principal Investigators: Wes Skogan and Susan This study was funded by the Center for Substance Hartnett (Center for Urban Affairs and Policy Research, Abuse Treatment (CSAT) and aimed to evaluate client Northwestern University). experiences and outcomes with alcohol and substance abuse treatment facilities in Illinois. A survey instrument 833. Validation of Gastrointestinal Tolerance Questionnaire was tested and validated through 200 CAPI interviews. The Tolerability Survey was developed in 1998 to assess The main portion of the study began in March 2001 and patients’ abilities to endure the gastrointestinal side consisted of approximately 900 CATI interviews. effects of medications, and the purpose of this study was Publication 537. to assess the reliability and validity of the questionnaire. Paper-and-pencil questionnaires were administered to 829. Second Year of CIS Program Project, Survey Core (see 729, 104 patients at two sites in Illinois, and completed 929) questionnaires were forwarded to SRL for data reduction Publications 244, 245. and analysis and completion of a report. This work was conducted for Talat Ashraf (Abbott Laboratories).

1964–2004 123 834. Market Rent Study 839. Neighborhood Violence Evaluation—Adults (see also 872, Intended to provide a clearer picture of the rental market 873, 892) (in terms of rents and vacancies) in the Chicago This study’s purpose was to gather information from metropolitan area, this mixed-mode study gathered adult residents (age 25 or older) of four Chicago information from property owners and managers in six communities (Austin, Logan Square, Southwest Cluster, counties. The initital study provided rental information South Chicago) on their perceptions of violence in their for 1,852 housing properties, and follow-up interviews neighborhoods and what sorts of violence prevention of non-respondents provided an additional 98 initiatives are underway. The sample of 1,600 (400 from completes and 14 partial completes. The research was each neighborhood) was drawn from listed records with sponsored by the Great Cities Institute, College of Urban the goal of completing 100 interviews in each community. Planning and Public Affairs, at the University of Illinois From March 29, 2000, through May 14, 2000, SRL at Chicago and funded by the Metropolitan Planning conducted 438 CATI interviews, most in English but Council. Completed June 2000. Publication 540. some in Spanish. Principal Investigator: Gary Slutkin (School of Public Health, UIC). 835. Farmers’ Use of Market Advisor Services Study Sponsored by the Department of Agricultural and 840. Improving Validity of Self Reports on Cancer Screening Consumer Economics (ACES) at UIUC and funded by With funding from the National Cancer Institute, this the U.S. Department of Agriculture, this study assessed study tested alternate methods for reducing the farmers’ use of market advisor services and their overreporting of Pap smear tests and mammograms. willingness to take risks. A sample of 3,000 farmers who Experiments were conducted on question order; subscribed to a market advisor service and 1,000 non- inclusion of questions on intentions, barriers, and subscriber farmers were mailed the questionnaire in exceptions; and computer-assisted telephone interviews January 2000. A total of 1,399 were returned—1,059 from vs. audio computer-assisted self-interviews. To determine subscribers and 340 from the nonsubscriber control the accuracy of the participants’ responses, medical group. record abstractions also were completed. A total of 1,005 women age 50 or older participated in the study, with 836. Community Banking Focus Groups interviews conducted from late 2001 through early 2002. To assess customer satisfaction with Seaway Bank, Principal Investigators: Timothy P. Johnson and Diane seven focus groups with eight participants each were O’Rourke (SRL), and Richard B. Warnecke (Center for conducted in May 1999 for Herbert Conley, Chicago Health Services Research/Division of Population, Cancer State University. Center/SRL). Publications 91, 530.

837. Survey of Foster Parents & Children 841. OASA Data Analysis Project This study, sponsored by the School of Social Work, The purpose of this study was to analyze the data from UIUC, sought to assess the quality of care provided to five needs assessment surveys conducted by SRL for the foster children in the custody of the Illinois Department Illinois Office of Alcoholism and Substance Abuse of Children and Family Services. Face-to-face interviews (OASA). For each of the surveys, which targeted the were conducted with 65 foster parent/child pairs in household, Medicaid, mental health, probationer, and Cook, Kankakee, and Will counties, and 20 of the foster juvenile detention populations, final report documents parents were re-interviewed to test the reliability of the were also prepared. Publication 209. foster parent instrument. (Completed June 2001). 842. Survey of Health Behaviors & Disease Prevention in the 838. Issues Surveying Disabled Persons Greater Lawn Community (see also 849, 945) Funded by the National Center for Health Statistics, this This study was conducted to gather information on the project resulted in a set of recommendations regarding health behaviors of residents of the Chicago Greater steps organizations can take routinely to include Lawn Community and of a control community in Aurora, disabled persons in social surveys, including steps Illinois. Questions addressed smoking, diabetes, health related to sampling, proxy interviewing, and adaptive care access, nutrition, and physical activity. From the technologies and procedures. SRL conducted a Greater Lawn sample of 2,211 random-digit-dial and comprehensive literature review to identify relevant reverse directory numbers, 413 computer-assisted studies that have been conducted by academic survey interviews were completed in January and February organizations in the United States. Experts in the fields 2000, in English and Spanish. The Aurora sample of 592 of survey research and occupational and physical yielded 119 completed interviews (conducted from rehabilitation also were interviewed regarding their February 18 through April 3, 2000, also in English and experiences and recommendations. Publication 751. Spanish). Funding was provided by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Principal Investigators: Susan Levy and William Baldyga (Health Research and Policy Centers, School of Public Health, UIC).

124 Forty-Year History of the Survey Research Laboratory 843. Illinois Poll, 2000 conducted computer-assisted telephone follow-up Canceled. interviews with those students who did not return questionnaires. Altogether, 850 students were 844. Customer Satisfaction Survey interviewed. Completed June 2000. Publication 90. To assess patient satisfaction with the Healthy Start services provided at two Southeast Chicago Healthy Start 849. Health Behaviors in North & South Lawndale (see also 842, clinics, SRL developed a survey instrument, conducted a 945) training on interviewing techniques for the clinics’ The Chicago Department of Public Health funded this outreach staff, and analyzed the collected data. The supplement to Study 842, which aimed to gather sample for this study consisted of Healthy Start patients information on the health behaviors of residents of the at the clinics who were approached before or after their North Lawndale and South Lawndale communities of appointments, and 87 patients completed interviews. Chicago. The questionnaire contained items on smoking, SRL also conducted three focus groups on the topics of diabetes, health care access, nutrition, and physical parenting classes and behavioral health services. The activity. Telephone interviews were completed in English study was conducted on behalf of the Southside Health and Spanish with 406 Lawndale residents. Principal Consortium with funding from the U.S. Department of Investigator: Susan Levy (Health Research and Policy Health and Human Services. Centers, School of Public Health, UIC).

845. Cancer Information Survey 850. Golden Apple Scholars of Illinois Survey For this study exploring the information-seeking The Golden Apple Scholars program assists scholars in behaviors of African-American and white cancer patients completing an undergraduate teaching curriculum, and their families, SRL conducted computer-assisted provides financial assistance for college, and augments telephone interviews with 509 respondents drawn from their teacher training with Summer Institutes. The tumor registries. The specific project goals were to (1) objective of this study was to measure the program’s determine whether and why African-American cancer effectiveness as compared to traditional teacher patients seek information beyond that obtainable from preparation programs. CATI interviews with 84 (from a their physicians and, if they do, what sources they sample of 96) Golden Apple Scholars actively teaching in contact, what information they are likely to receive, and Illinois and with 79 (from a sample of 88) controls were how they use the information; and (2) determine patient- conducted. Because of a lack of cooperation on the part of provider communications about treatment options. some schools, a match could not be found for each Interviewing began in October 2000 and was completed Scholar. Thirty-four of the controls were matched to in February 2003. Principal Investigator: Alicia Mathews specific scholars while the remaining 54 were unmatched. (Department of Psychiatry, University of Chicago). Interveiwing began May 11, 2000, and ended June 16, 2000. Principal Investigator: Lascelles Anderson (Center for 846. PCB Exposure Survey Urban Educational Research and Development, UIC). Between June 13 and September 30, 2001, SRL conducted CATI interviews with 596 former employees of the 851. WIC Family Case Management Survey LaSalle Electrical Utilities Company (EUC), a This study was conducted to assess how familiar manufacturer of electrical equipment that closed in 1981. Chicago-area women are with three State of Illinois EUC used polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), as well as programs: WIC (Women, Infants, and Children), Healthy other organic compounds, to manufacture capacitors. Start, and Family Case Management. Using a list sample The study’s purpose was to examine former EUC of 2,000 women eligible for but not enrolled in these employees’ work and medical histories and to examine programs, SRL completed 592 CATI interviews and 171 their offsprings’ medical, developmental, and CAPI interviews during summer 2000. The results educational histories. The Illinois Department of Public allowed the Illinois Department of Human Services (DHS) Health provided funding. Principal Investigator: Victoria to determine barriers to participation and what should be Persky (Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, done to improve access to these programs. Principal School of Public Health, UIC). Investigator: Steve Saunders (Office of Family Health, DHS). 847. Women’s Health Study Screening & Recruiting Canceled. 852. Section 8 Survey SLR conducted face-to-face baseline interviews and six- 848. University of Illinois Sports Survey (see also 726) and twelve-month telephone follow-up interviews with A replication of a study conducted in 1993 for the two groups of Section 8 recipients: (1) those who were Division of Intercollegiate Athletics, this study assessed living in a Chicago Housing Authority (CHA) UIUC undergraduate students’ interest and involvement development that was slated for demolition and were in intramural, intervarsity, and club sports. SRL mailed taking the option of receiving a Section 8 voucher to find questionnaires to 1,000 UIUC undergraduates and replacement housing in the private market, and (2) CHAC

1964–2004 125 participants who moved into their present residences 856. College of Pharmacy Dean Evaluation using Section 8 and were trying to move again. CHAC is This 2000 mail survey of faculty and alumni of the College the organization that administers the Section 8 program of Pharmacy at UIC evaluated the five-year performance of in Chicago and Cook County, and both CHA and CHAC the College’s Dean. provide counseling services. The purpose of the study was to determine if and how counseling affects the 857. Supercomputing Survey outcome of the housing search. Baselines were conducted Canceled. from April through July 2000, and the 190 CHA residents were interviewed at their homes, while the 203 CHAC 858. UIC Student Health Survey participants were interviewed at CHAC. Six months later, From April 13 through May 7, 2000, SRL conducted 608 SRL interviewed 157 of the CHA respondents and 164 of interviews with UIC students. The purpose of the study the CHAC respondents, mostly by phone but face-to-face was to validate students’ self-reports of the number of with those who could not be reached by phone. The visits to a capitated managed care practice at UIC. twelve-month follow-up interviews were conducted from mid-May through mid-September 2001 with 142 CHA 859. Domestic Violence Outcomes Evaluation residents and 149 CHAC participants. Principal Canceled. Investigator: Susan Popkin (The Urban Institute). Publications 771, 772. 860. Testing the Impact of Incentives on Compliance with Drug Testing 853. eld!n Curriculum Evaluation This study sought to evaluate the feasibility and utility of eld!n is a public/private partnership that brings together three different types of biological measurement education, media, and communications professionals to procedures (hair, saliva, and urine testing) that were used develop interactive multimedia classroom units by as an adjunct to a household survey on drug abuse. Also, applying television and computer technology to respondents were randomly assigned to either a high standards-based curricula. These units are directed at incentive ($20) or low incentive ($10) condition to students in grades 5 through 8 and are currently being determine if size of incentive influences willingness to used in Illinois schools. To assess the opinions of participate in drug testing. Audio computer-assisted self- administrators and educators on the eld!n curriculum, interviews with Chicago-area English-speaking adults questionnaires were sent by mail to principals, teachers, were conducted from June 2001 through January 2002. Of and technical coordinators at schools currently using the the 627 respondents, over 90% consented to at least one curriculum. Fifty-three questionnaires were returned. type of test, and 57% provided hair, saliva, and urine samples. 854. Spring 1999 Follow-up Survey of Human Resource Practices (see also 809) A supplement to the study examined the prevalence of A replication of an earlier SRL survey of Fortune 1000 alcohol and substance use, community involvement, and human resource managers, this computer-assisted health risk behaviors among gay and bisexual men in telephone study was conducted to collect information on Chicago. From August 2002 through January 2003, SRL human resource practices in Fortune 1000 companies. conducted in-person interviews with 211 respondents. Between April and August 2000, SRL conducted Funding was provided by the National Institute on Drug interviews with representatives from 97 companies. From Abuse. Publications 283, 284, 288, 291, 502, 738, 739. April 27 through August 31, 2000, interviews were conducted with 117 respondents from a sample of 488. 861. Evaluating Agency Assessment of Abuse & Neglect Principal Investigator: Sherman Rosen (Deloitte & Touche, To determine if there is a link between alcohol/substance LLP). abuse and the level of risk in child abuse/neglect investigations, SRL abstracted 300 case records of such 855. Five-Year Evaluation of Library Dean investigations during June 2000. Principal Investigator: In 2000, SRL surveyed 1,288 Library employees including Susan Wells (Children and Family Research Center, faculty, visiting faculty, support staff, department heads, School of Social Work, UIUC). and academic professionals regarding their assessment of the job performance of the UIC Librarian. A sample of 862. Urban Survey Research Monograph non-Library UIC faculty also was included in the survey. Following an exhaustive literature review, this project will Library employees and UIC faculty were requested to rate result in a written report summarizing all urban survey the Librarian’s leadership, vision and administrative research work done. skills, governance, campus relations, communication and outreach skills, and library services and collections. The 863. Elderly Patients in Chicago Urban Communities: Pilot Test survey also addressed planning and budgeting and To improve the design of a questionnaire for a study of personnel. The study was a replication of a 1995 literacy and health service utilization, SRL conducted evaluation of the UIC Librarian. cognitive interviews with five patients age 65 and older

126 Forty-Year History of the Survey Research Laboratory who are enrolled in Medicare. Interviews took place in 868. Aging & Sense of Control, Wave 3 (see also 746) late 2000 and early 2001. Principal Investigator: Shoou-Yih This project was the third wave of a panel study Lee (Department of Sociology, UIC). examining aging, status, and individuals’ sense of control. SRL tracked respondents from the previous 864. Drinking Among Underage College Students in Illinois waves, which were conducted in late 1994 and early In the fall of 2000, the Illinois Liquor Control Commission 1995, to update telephone and address information. (ILCC) launched its “Get the Picture” campaign, which Between August and November 2001, SRL conducted a targets student drinkers under the age of 21. To assess the final wave of interviewing with 1,144 respondents. impact of the program on and the needs of this Principal Investigator: John Mirowsky (Department of population, SRL conducted an anonymous mail survey Sociology, The Ohio State University). of students at twelve Illinois post-secondary schools. Questionnaires were mailed to 2,703 students in early 869. Miami-Dade Gun Survey November 2000, followed by a reminder postcard and a To examine issues related to firearm ownership, storage, second mailing at the end of November. By the cut-off and child access, SRL interviewed randomly selected gun date of January 31, 2001, 1,073 students had returned owners and nonowners in Miami-Dade County. In May completed questionnaires. Publication 557. 2001, SRL conducted computer-assisted telephone interviews with 285 owners and 242 nonowners. 865. Agricultural Health Study Cognitive Interviews Principal Investigator: Judith Schaechter (University of On behalf of the American Crop Protection Association, Miami). SRL conducted cognitive interviews with 12 farmers who have been applying pesticides for at least 15 years, 870. Effect of Frequency Scales on Self-Reports in order to assess how the standard questions on an To determine how response alternatives in frequency agricultural epidemiology questionnaire actually work. scales affect the validity of self-reports of severe and The results of the study were used to produce a debilitating pain, SRL interviewed 276 respondents manuscript for publication. recruited in central Illinois through newspaper ads, flyers posted at a variety of locations, and postings to 866. Needs Assessment of the Homeless in Metropolitan University listservs. The telephone interviews were Chicago conducted from July through December 2001. Principal SRL conducted this study to assess the needs of homeless Investigator: Sharon Shavitt (Department of Advertising, individuals and collected data in six Illinois counties— UIUC/SRL). Will, Dupage, Cook, McHenry, Kane, and Lake. Clients from a random sample of service providers were 871. Provost Office Survey interviewed onsite at the providers’ facilities, and From November 4 through December 11, 2000, SRL between December 2000 and May 2001, SRL interviewed conducted CATI interviews with 995 individuals who 1,324 persons who identified themselves as homeless or were admitted to UIC but chose not to attend. at risk of being homeless. The study was conducted on behalf of the Illinois Continuum of Care Regional 872. Adult Violence Prevention Evaluation—Part 2 (see also 839, Roundtable, with funding from the Chicago Community 901) Trust. Principal Investigators: Janet Smith and Charles The purpose of this follow-up to Study 839 was to Hoch (College of Urban Planning and Public Affairs, determine the perceived level of violence in three Chicago UIC). Publications 442, 523. communities—West Humboldt Park, Englewood, and West Garfield. Interviews were completed with 328 867. Work & Well-Being, Waves 3 Through 5 (see also 762) respondents, and were conducted in English and This is the continuation of a longitudinal mail study of Spanish. Principal Investigator: Gary Slutkin (Chicago job stress and alcohol and drug use among current and Project for Violence Prevention, UIC). former UIC employees. Wave 1 was conducted between October 1996 and February 1997, while Wave 2 was 873. Neighborhood Violence Evaluation—Youth (see also 839) conducted between November 1997 and April 1998. In this study, SRL conducted computer-assisted face-to- Wave 3 was conducted from May 2001 through January face interviews with 214 youth age 15–22 in five Chicago 2002, while data collection for Wave 4 extended from neighborhoods (Austin, Logan Square, Southwest October 2002 through April 2003; both included e-mail Cluster, South Chicago, and the 11th District) regarding and telephone prompts of nonrespondents. SRL received neighborhood and domestic violence. Interviews began completed questionnaires from 1,730 respondents for January 30, 2001, and ended August 27, 2001. Youth Wave 3 and 1,640 respondents for Wave 4. Principal were recruited by the client, and those youth could then Investigator: Judith Richman (Department of Psychiatry, refer others to be interviewed. Principal Investigator: Gary UIC). Publications 278, 785, 786, 796. Slutkin (Chicago Project for Violence Prevention, UIC).

1964–2004 127 874. Compliance Review of Illinois Department of 880. Longitudinal Survey of Youth Leaving Foster Care Transportation (IDOT) Personnel Records This face-to-face study aimed to determine the level of The purpose of this review of the personnel records of services received by teenage youth exiting foster care in 2,950 highway maintenance workers was to examine Illinois and evaluate youths’ preparedness for IDOT’s disciplinary and mandatory drug testing independence. Interviews were completed at the end of practices. SRL’s review resulted in a written report to January 2002, with 62 youth being interviewed. Principal IDOT. Principal Investigator: Timothy P. Johnson (SRL). Investigator: John Poertner (Children and Family Research Publication 508. Center, School of Social Work, UIUC).

875. UIC Health Services Survey 881. Perceptions About Smoking-Related Symptomatology This mail study sought to assess students’ satisfaction This study explored the perceptions of current and with the health services provided by UIC. During former smokers of the connections between their smoking January–March 2002, SRL received 334 completed and symptoms such as coughing, headaches, difficulty questionnaires and subsequently prepared a report sleeping, etc. It also examined cultural differences in the detailing the findings. The project was sponsored and willingness to connect smoking with various symptoms. funded by the Office of the Vice Chancellor for Student SRL conducted focus groups with African Americans, Affairs and Enrollment Management and the Office of the Mexican Americans, Koreans, and Chinese Americans, Vice Chancellor for Health Affairs. Publication 561. and focus groups with Caucasians occurred in February and March 2003. Principal Investigators: Frederick Kviz 876. School of the Art Institute of Chicago Alumni Survey (Department of Community Health Sciences, School of Canceled. Public Health, UIC), Melissa Clark (Brown University), and Timothy P. Johnson (SRL). Publication 593. 877. Statewide Uninsured Survey With funding from the State of Illinois Governor’s 882. Mixed Income Housing Survey Planning Task Force on the Uninsured, SRL screened Atrium Village is a mixed-income housing development approximately 27,000 households and interviewed 932 in Chicago where residents eligible for Section 8 pay less Illinois residents who are currently uninsured or “newly rent than do other residents. To assess residents’ insured” (without health insurance at some point within satisfaction with the development, interactions with the last six months). The screening for insurance status other residents, and perceptions of the mixed-income involved a split-ballot experiment: half the cases were aspect of the development, SRL sent advance letters to randomly assigned to the Current Population Survey residents, inviting them to participate in a telephone wording of insurance status and the other half to the survey. Interviews were conducted with 90 residents, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Survey each of whom received $10. The MacAruther Foundation wording. Data collection began in November 2000 and provided funding. Principal Investigator: Alex Schwartz was completed in March 2001. Principal Investigator: (Robert Milano Graduate School, New School Dianne Rucinski (Health Research and Policy Centers, University). School of Public Health, UIC). 883. Life Transitions Pilot Study 878. Evaluation of Women of Color Media Campaign In 2001, SRL assisted in the development of a On behalf of the Chicago Department of Public Health questionnaire for use with assessing life transitions (CDPH), SRL conducted three focus groups with African- among adults age 50 and older. Subsequently, the American women about their opinions of CDPH’s recent questionnaire was administered to 100 respondents in HIV/AIDS media campaign. Participants were recruited Chicago. Principal Investigator: Chang-Ming Hsieh (Jane from six train platforms throughout Chicago. Principal Addams College of Social Work, UIC). Investigator: Cynde Perhats (CDPH). Completed March 2001. 884. Evaluation of Statewide Smoking Cessation Program Dissemination 879. Survey of Industries’ Environmental Policies To assess the effects of a smoking cessation program The purpose of this survey was to determine what offered at public health clinics throughout Illinois, SRL organizational, institutional, and economic factors lead conducted baseline and six-month follow-up telephone some companies to adopt a particular environmental interviews with participants. Potential respondents, all of management system while others do not. The sample was whom were female smokers of childbearing age,were stratified by industry and by management system. Those recruited by participating clinics. Baseline interviews adopting a system called ISO 1401 were called “ISO began in March 2002; a total of 1,413 interviews were facilities.” Non-ISO facilities were stratified by industry. completed. Follow-ups commenced in October 2002 and Completed questionnaires were returned by 143 ISO ended in January 2004; SRL completed 512 of these facilites and 97 non-ISO facilities. Principal Investigator: follow-up interviews. Principal Investigator: Clara Eric Welch (Department of Public Administration, UIC).

128 Forty-Year History of the Survey Research Laboratory Manfredi (Health Research and Policy Centers, School of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Public Health, UIC). UIC).

885. Corporate Diversity Survey (see also 920, 952) 890. Section 8 Unit Owners Focus Groups Chicago United (CU) is a Chicago coalition of SRL conducted four focus groups with Section 8 property metropolitan business leaders pursuing specific public owners to discuss their experiences with CHAC and the and private sector initiatives in which business interests Section 8 program, in particular the inspection process. and race relations intersect. To determine the amount of One group was composed exclusively of Hispanic racial and ethnic diversity that exists among the highest owners. Principal Investigator: Mark Thiele (CHAC). levels of top Chicago corporations, CU sent mail Publication 277. questionnaires to over 125 companies in 2001. SRL assisted in instrument development, analyzed the results, 891. Nationwide Survey on Colorectal Screening Practices and prepared a report of the findings. Completed This was a nationwide survey of adults age 50–85 to December 2001. Publication 558. describe the prevalence of colorectal cancer screening utilization behaviors and to assess barriers to cancer 886. Child Endangerment Risk Assessment Protocol (CERAP) screening, including physician recommendations, lack of Evaluation access to the medical system, cost or health insurance To determine if Department of Children and Family coverage of cancer screening tests, psychosocial factors, Services (DCFS) caseworkers are completing child socioeconomic status, and race. Between August 21, endangerment risk assessment forms according to 2001, and January 27, 2002, SRL interviewed 1,081 adults protocol, SRL reviewed abuse-neglect case files at DCFS age 50–64 (589 men and 492 women) and 979 adults age offices throughout Illinois in 2001. Principal Investigator: 65–85 (485 men and 494 women). Principal Investigator: Tamara Fuller (Children and Family Research Center, Richard B. Warnecke (Center for Health Services School of Social Work, UIUC). Research/Division of Population, Cancer Center/SRL). Publications 758, 840. 887. CAPS 2000 Survey (see also 789, 798, 812, 832, 946) To assess the effectiveness of the CAPS program, SRL 892. Neighborhood Violence Prevention Evaluation—Wave 2 of interviewed 2,499 Chicago residents about crime, safety, Adult Study (see also 839) and police response. These telephone interviews were A follow-up to Study 839, this study gathered conducted in English and Spanish during April–June information from residents age 25 or older of four 2001. The National Institute of Justice funded the study. Chicago communities (Austin, Logan Square, Southwest Principal Investigator: Wes Skogan (Institute for Policy Cluster, South Chicago) on their perceptions of violence Research, Northwestern University). in their neighborhoods and what sorts of violence prevention initiatives are underway. During June 888. Community Perceptions of Section 8 through July 2001, SRL interviewed 376 residents by CHAC, the organization that administers the Section 8 phone. Principal Investigator: Gary Slutkin (Chicago program in Chicago and Cook County, conducted Project for Violence Prevention, UIC). telephone interviews with CHAC residents and community leaders on their perceptions of Section 8 in 893. Renal Cell Cancer Study spring 2001. SRL provided assistance to CHAC in This multi-year project involves face-to-face interviews developing the survey and conducted two focus groups with approximately 800 renal cancer patients and with with property owners and community representatives to approximately 800 controls. Respondents are being explore their experiences with and insights into the asked to provide biological samples and information Section 8 program. about their medical and dietary histories. The National Cancer Institute and National Institutes of Health are 889. Primary Pulmonary Hypertension Study funding this study. Principal Investigator: Faith Davis This 2001–2002 project involved creation of a Limited (Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Access Data File for the Pulmonary Hypertension Patient Public Health, UIC). Registry for the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) of the National Institutes of Health. Using data 894. Physician Stress Due to Litigation collected approximately fifteen years previously, SRL It has been estimated that about half of all physicians edited and removed all potentially identifying have been sued for malpractice, and the purpose of this information and prepared technical documentation to mail survey was to assess physicians’ level of stress support the final data file, which will be made accessible associated with being sued and what they do to cope to doctors and medical researchers searching for causes with this stress. Completed questionnaires were returned of and cures for primary pulmonary hypertension. by 843 physicians. SRL conducted the study on behalf of Principal Investigator: Paul Levy (Department of the Council of Medical Specialty Societies with funding from the Helen Brach Foundation. Principal Investigator:

1964–2004 129 Sara Charles (Department of Psychiatry, UIC). Completed 431, 432, 447, 448, 594, 595, 596, 597, 598, 603, 604, 646, June 2002. Publication 562. 647, 648, 649, 650, 655, 1102, 1114, 1116.

895. Campus Climate Survey 900. American Cancer Society (ACS) Insurance “Secret Canceled. Shopper” Survey A supplement to Study 891, this study was designed to 896. UIC Faculty Retention Study (see also 941, 958) assess what type of information insurance companies The purpose of this 2001 mail survey of 250 faculty who provide to their clients about coverage for colorectal have left UIC in the past few years was to determine the cancer screening procedures. From September 2001 to reasons they left UIC. The questionnaire included some February 2002, SRL screened Study 891 respondents to open-ended items on harassment and discrimination. determine their eligibility (i.e., current health insurance The study was conducted on behalf of the UIC coverage) and willingness to participate. Those eligible Chancellor’s office. and willing were mailed a packet of materials, which asked them to (1) call their insurance providers and ask a 897. Veterinary Pathologists Survey series of questions about screening test coverage, (2) Sponsored by the Recruitment Committee of the complete a form, and (3) return the form to SRL. Ninety- American College of Veterinary Pathologists and the six of 216 recruits returned completed forms. Principal Society of Toxicologic Pathology, this mail study Investigator: Robert Smith (ACS). Publication 838. surveyed organizations and institutions that employ veterinary pathologists and academic training programs 901. Neighborhood Violence Prevention Evaluation—Adult to determine if there currently is a shortage of qualified Survey Follow-up (see also 839, 872) veterinary pathologists. The study also estimated future This follow-up to a previous study conducted by SRL demand for veterinary pathologists. This study was (Study 872) involved telephone interviews with adults completed September 2002. Publications 559, 781. age 25 and older in the West Humboldt Park, West Garfield, and Englewood communities of Chicago. 898. DCFS Case Abstraction During October and November 2001, SRL interviewed To determine if Department of Children and Family 323 residents about their perceptions of neighborhood Services (DCFS) caseworkers are completing child violence. Principal Investigator: Gary Slutkin (Chicago endangerment risk assessment forms according to Project for Violence Prevention, UIC). protocol, SRL reviewed 165 abuse/neglect case files. Data abstraction, which was completed in February 2002, took 902. Semiannual Regional Transportation Authority Ridership place at several DCFS offices throughout Illinois. Survey Principal Investigator: John Poertner (Children and Family From August through October 2002, SRL conducted Research Center, School of Social Work, UIUC). telephone interviews with 1,020 adult residents of the Chicago metropolitan area about issues relevant to the 899. Community Interventions for Cancer Prevention— RTA and its riders. Publication 746. Continuation (see also 599, etc.) This program project, with Richard B. Warnecke as 903. Uncompensated Care Study principal investigator and director, extended a project Funded by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, this that began in July 1986 (see 599/699/799) with funding study will provide information about how health care from the National Cancer Institute. The project, which institutions take care of and bill patients who are consisted of four studies designed to test various public uninsured or underinsured. SRL will conduct computer- health strategies for reaching large numbers of the assisted personal interviews with 300 such patients at population, investigated the public’s response to a Rush, UIC, and Michael Reese hospitals. Principal televised smoking cessation intervention. The core was a Investigator: Saul Wiener (General Internal Medicine, common evaluation format that required intensive UIC). interviewing both before and immediately after the televised segments were broadcast in March–April 1987 904. Literacy & Health on Channel 7 ABC in Chicago. Components of this This study sought to examine how levels of health continuation included a fifth wave of postintervention literacy and social support independently and interviews, a series of focus groups to explore ways to interactively affect health and health service utilization. motivate and mobilize continuing smokers to participate The target population was English-speaking individuals, in cessation programs, and a cross-sectional telephone age 65 and older, who were Medicare recipients and survey of smokers in the general population. Extended patients at either Mercy Hospital or Mercy Medical from 599/699/799 July 1989; extended to 1199/1299/ Center in Chicago. SRL conducted face-to-face interviews 1399/1499 June 1992. Publications 214, 215, 248, 249, 415, with a total of 489 participants: 294 African Americans and 195 Whites. Principal Investigator: Shoou-Yih D. Lee (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill), Co-

130 Forty-Year History of the Survey Research Laboratory principal Investigator: Young Ik Cho (SRL). Publications participating clinics forward data files consisting of 613, 737. approximately 100 cases to SRL each year. SRL then cleans the data and prepares data sets for the client. Principal Investigator: Myrtis Sullivan (Community Health 905. CIS-2: Survey Core (see also 805) Sciences, School of Public Health, UIC).

906. UIC Commuter Student Survey 911. Summer Research Opportunity Program During October through December 2001, SRL conducted The SROP provides minority college students with CATI interviews with 380 undergraduate students at UIC research experience. To assess the program’s who commute. Students were asked about the types of effectiveness, SRL will survey multiple cohorts of services they want and/or need on campus. participants. The 2002 cohort received a questionnaire at an August 2002 conference, while other cohorts are being 907. Violence Prevention Among Clergy surveyed by mail. Principal Investigator: William Trent From July 25 through September 30, 2002, SRL conducted (Department of Educational Policy Studies, UIUC). computer-assisted telephone interviews to assess the current violence prevention efforts of Chicago clergy. Two 912. Mt. Sinai Hospital Community Health Assessment groups of clergy were targeted: those already part of a For this face-to-face study, SRL collected data in six low- violence prevention initiative (signatories to the or mixed-income Chicago neighborhoods on social and Covenant for Peace in Action) and those working in high- environmental health factors, such as nutrition and crime communities. Interviews were completed with 55 of alcohol use, and the prevalence of a variety of conditions, the signatories and 83 of other clergy members. The such as asthma and diabetes. Interviews were conducted questionnaire used was similar to that used in Studies from August 2002 through April 2003. For each 872 and 873, which assessed adults’ and youths’ household, there may have been two interviews perceptions of neighborhood violence. Principal conducted: the first with a randomly selected adult, while Investigator: Elena Quintana (Chicago Project for Violence the second was conducted only if there were children 12 Prevention, UIC). Publication 837. or younger in the household. If so, SRL interviewed the adult in the household knowing the most about the 908. Oral Cancer Provider Survey health care of a randomly selected child. Interviews were A set of strategies for the prevention and early detection completed with 888 adults only and 811 adult-child of oral cancer has been developed by the Illinois pairs. The collected data will provide information about Department of Public Health, UIC, Southern Illinois the health status of these areas in relation to other University, and several local health departments. The neighborhoods in Chicago and to the nation and can be purpose of this mail study of licensed dentists and used to guide health policy development. Principal hygienists was to provide baseline data needed to Investigator: Steve Whitman (Sinai Urban Health determine how well the strategies work. The study also Institute). Publication 443. evaluated provider awareness and use of oral cancer detection procedures. Principal Investigator: Richard B. 913. Qualitative Evaluation of Domestic Violence Program Warnecke (Center for Health Services Research/Division Year 2 of Population, Cancer Center/SRL). The Domestic Violence and Mental Health Initiative is a nonprofit organization designed to mobilize a 909. Waukegan Property Purchasers Survey comprehensive response to the mental health needs of Waukegan, Illinois, is a moderate-income area with a domestic violence survivors and their children. It waterfront that was found to be contaminated with PCB provides an opportunity for domestic violence and in the 1970s. In 1992, a large amount of contaminated mental health agencies in the Chicago area to collaborate sediment was treated and confined, but some and improve the scope, quality, and availability of contamination remains. During late 2002, SRL mailed services that address the mental health sequelae of questionnaires to recent purchasers of Waukegan domestic violence. The Initiative contracted with SRL to property to determine (1) how much they knew about the evaluate its efforts and provide a report on whether it had waterfront contamination when they bought the property accomplished the goals it established for itself in 1999. To and (2) their perceptions of the value of redeveloping the conduct the evaluation, SRL interviewed agency directors waterfront. Completed questionnaires were returned by from domestic violence and mental health agencies that 955 respondents. Principal Investigator: John Braden participate in the Initiative’s network. Work on this (Department of Agricultural and Consumer Economics, project concluded February 2003. Principal Investigator: UIUC). Publication 83. Carole Warshaw (Domestic Violence and Mental Health Initiative). Publication 467. 910. Healthy Start 2001 SRL’s role in an on-going evaluation of the Healthy Start program consists of creating data sets on a yearly basis:

1964–2004 131 914. Substance Abuse Treatment Need & Treatment 920. Chicago United Annual Diversity Profile, 2002 (see also Utilization Among Youth Entering the Illinois Juvenile 885, 952) Corrections System (see also 823) This was the second annual mail survey of top Chicago Using data collected in mid-2000 via face-to-face corporations aimed at determining the amount of racial interviews with 401 youth incarcerated in the Juvenile and ethnic diversity that exists at the companies’ highest Division of the Illinois Department of Corrections, SRL levels. Data collection extended from spring through the examined the factors associated with the need for end of summer, and SRL analyzed the data and prepared substance abuse treatment and treatment utilization a report of the findings. Publication 560. among this population. The analysis also investigated possible cultural differences in treatment need and 921. National League of Cities Survey utilization. The National Data Evaluation Services, The 309 city managers who responded to this 2002 Center for Substance Abuse Treatment provided National League of Cities survey provided information funding. Publication 231. on their cities’ recent and projected revenues, spending, and needs. SRL entered the data and created a data set 915. Pathways to Disturbed Emotions, Perceptions, & Beliefs for the client. The results of this multi-year study will further understanding of the connection between childhood 922. Comparative Investigation of Physical Activity abuse and disturbed beliefs and emotions. For each of Questionnaires the twelve waves, SRL will conduct approximately 125 The purpose of this pilot study was to examine the telephone interviews. Principal Investigator: Howard performance differences between seven physical activity Berenbaum (Department of Psychology, UIUC). questionnaires. SRL conducted random-digit-dial interviews with 47 respondents and mailed each a diary 916. CCSO Customer Satisfaction Study in which to record information about his or her physical Canceled. activities over the course of a week. Fourteen respondents returned completed diaries. Principal Investigator: Wiemo 917. Campus Space Utilization Survey Zhu (Department of Kinesiology, UIUC). To assess room usage at the University of Illinois at Chicago, SRL mailed forms to all UIC departments/ 923. Mother/Daughter HIV Risk Reduction Intervention units in 2002. The 389 returns described usage of The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness approximately 9,000 occupied rooms. of Health Education Reaching out into the Community (HEROIC), a program that trains mothers on HIV 918. Substance Use Prevalence & Treatment Need in Illinois prevention and has them pass on what they have learned From January through August 2003, SRL interviewed to their daughters. SRL programmed the questionnaire 4,155 Illinois residents age 16 and older by phone. The and is providing the client with preliminary and final interviews were conducted to provide alcohol and drug datasets. Principal Investigator: Barbara Dancy (College of use prevalence estimates and to estimate the need for Nursing, UIC). substance abuse treatment in Illinois. The study also examined substance use and treatment need among a 924. Illinois Smokers Survey (see also 953) number of special populations, including the physically The purpose of this CATI study was to evaluate the disabled, those with mental disorders, those with effectiveness of the American Lung Association’s Illinois experience with homelessness, victims of domestic Tobacco Quitline, which is staffed by health violence, and problem gamblers. Principal Investigators: professionals and provides information on a variety of Lillian Pickup (Illinois Division of Alcoholism and smoking-related issues. The 598 respondents had called Substance Abuse) and Timothy P. Johnson (SRL). the Quitline in the past and were asked about the Publication 839. Quitline overall, the counselors, the materials, and their own smoking behaviors. Interviews were conducted 919. HOPE VI Focus Groups during July 2002; VA callers to the Quitline were HOPE VI is a Department of Housing and Urban oversampled. Principal Investigator: Thomas O’Rourke Development program with the goal of public housing (Department of Community Health, UIUC). revitalization in three areas: physical improvements, management improvements, and social and community 925. Youth Re-entering Foster Care services to address resident needs. SRL conducted focus SRL will conduct telephone interviews with Illinois groups with Chicago-area community leaders in July Department of Children and Family Services (DCFS) 2002 and will do so again in 2004 to assess how well the caseworkers and foster parents about the services program is working. Principal Investigator: Mary received by children who were in foster care but since Cunningham (The Urban Institute). have returned home. Study results will allow comparison of those youth who subsequently re-enter foster care and those who remain home. Principal Investigator: Gail Tittle

132 Forty-Year History of the Survey Research Laboratory (Children and Family Research Center, School of Social U.S. to determine funding and management priorities. Work, UIUC). Principal Investigator: Joseph Peterson (Department of Criminal Justice, UIC). 926. Physician Reporting of Suspected Child Abuse In January 2003, SRL began interviewing pediatricians 931. Resources for Teen Cessation recruited by the American Academy of Pediatrics. These Helping Young Smokers Quit: Identifying Best Practices for physicians are being asked to participate in two Tobacco Cessation is a Robert Wood Johnson Foundation telephone interviews about a randomly selected case National Program Office that is managed out of UIC, involving suspected abuse: one interview to be Institute for Health Research Policy. The Helping Young conducted six weeks after the physician examines the Smokers Quit initiative is a four-year, two-phase project child, and another approximately six months after the designed to address the need to develop and disseminate examination. To compare the decision-making processes effective, developmentally appropriate cessation and support networks of the attending physicians, cases programs for adolescents who smoke and try with low, moderate, and high levels of suspicion of child unsuccessfully to quit. Phase I of the initiative was abuse are being sampled. SRL expects to interview designed to identify and characterize existing smoking approximately 100 pediatricians. Principal Investigator: cessation programs for youth in a representative sample Rise Jones (Health Research and Policy Centers, School of 408 counties in the U.S. To develop this sample, a of Public Health, UIC). frame of 2,453 U. S. counties was stratified by four criteria (i.e., urbanization, socioeconomic status, youth smoking 927. Homeland Security Survey Data Entry prevalence, and state-level tobacco control expenditures), On behalf of the National League of Cities, SRL entered and 408 counties were selected with probability the data provided by 891 city managers to a survey on proportion to size of the youth population. Through a issues related to Homeland Security. The questionnaire snowball sampling process starting in four county asked about the level of concern about various terrorist sectors, program informants were identified within each attacks, what facilities and infrastructure need to be of the sampled counties. Once identified, programs were secured and protected, collaboration and coordination screened to determine eligibility. Over 10,000 key across levels of government and city departments, informants were contacted and 761 eligible cessation economic impacts on public safety after September 11, programs were ultimately identified (with over 500 and future needs for Homeland Security. programs deemed ineligible). Of the eligible programs, 592 (78%) successfully completed an in-depth program 928. Cultural Orientation & Survey Responding interview. Principal Investigator: Susan Curry (Health This study examined the role of collectivist and Research and Policy Centers, School of Public Health, individualist values in prompting socially desirable UIC). Publication 454. responding among U.S. survey participants. Findings indicated that both collectivists and individualists 932. Sexual Identity & Drinking: Longitudinal Follow-Up engage in socially desirable responding, albeit in distinct SRL assisted in the programming of questionnairesbeing ways. Collectivists engage in impression management administered to 450 lesbians in Chicago via computer- (dissimilation to avoid the appearance of violating assisted face-to-face interviews. SRL also will prepare norms), whereas individualists engage in self-deceptive final data sets following both of two waves of follow-up enhancement (holding and reporting unrealistically interviews. The research is expected to provide valuable positive impressions of the self). Future survey research information about drinking patterns among lesbians. will be conducted in different priming contexts to test Principal Investigator: Tonda Hughes (School of Nursing, whether contexts that influence the salience of collectivist UIC). and individualist values affect the measurement error resulting from such socially desirable response styles. 933. Children in Foster Care Results have implications for improving the quality of To determine the well-being of children in foster care in data obtained from samples with different cultural Illinois, SRL is interviewing 546 foster parents and 546 orientations, especially when survey questions ask for Department of Children and Family Services (DCFS) sensitive information. Principal Investigator: Sharon caseworkers by phone. Face-to-face interviews will be Shavitt (Department of Business Administration, UIUC/ conducted with 74 foster parents and 168 foster children. SRL). Completed November 2003. Principal Investigator: Mark Testa (DCFS).

929. Third Year of CIS Program Project—Survey Core (see 934. Conscientiousness & Health Behaviors 729, etc.) Funded by the National Institute on Aging, this five-year panel study is examining the link between 930. Census of Forensic Crime Laboratories conscientiousness and health behaviors, such as The goal of this multimode study was to assess the smoking, drinking, drug use, and exercise. From resources and needs of publicly funded crime labs in the December 2003 to July 2004, SRL conducted face-to-face

1964–2004 133 interviews with 616 adults age 20–60 in four Illinois (SRL). Planning started January 2002; proceedings counties: Champaign, Cook, Gallatin, and Union. published July 2004. Follow-up interviews will be conducted at 36 months. Principal Investigator: Brent Roberts (Department of 939. Youth Survey Wave 2 Psychology, UIUC). SRL conducted in-person interviews with about 50 youth age 15–22 in each of five Chicago neighborhoods (Austin, 935. Technical Assistance for Mental Health Services Logan Square, Southwest Cluster, South Chicago, and the Research 11th District) about neighborhood and domestic violence. SRL’s work in this project involves programming a Youth were interviewed on-site at specific agencies in questionnaire, training mentally ill women to administer each neighborhood. Interviews began June 12, 2003, and the questionnaire, and processing the collected data. were completed January 15, 2004. In Wave 1 (SRL Study Principal Investigator: Susan Pickett-Schenk (Mental 839), SRL interviewed 214 youth in the targeted Health Services Research, UIUC). communities. Principal Investigators: Gary Slutkin and Elena Quintana (Chicago Project for Violence Prevention, 936. National Survey of Sexual Harassment & Alcohol Use UIC). Publication 216. This nationwide random-digit-dial study surveyed 2,151 adults who have worked at least 20 hours per 940. Latino Gay Male Study week at some point in the last twelve months to gather For this face-to-face study of Latino gay men in San information on sexual harassment at work, use of Francisco and Chicago, SRL assisted in questionnaire health/mental health services, and alcohol use. programming and interviewer training and will provide Baseline interviews were conducted between August the client with a final data set. Principal Investigator: Jesus 2003 and February 2004, and twelve-month follow-up Ramirez-Vallas (Department of Community Health interviews are currently underway. Principal Investigator: Sciences, School of Public Health, UIC). Kathleen Rospenda (Department of Psychiatry, UIC). 941. Faculty Retention Survey (see also 896, 958) 937. Hope VI Panel Study Tracking In fall 2002, SRL mailed questionnaires to faculty who The purpose of this study was to track residents of recently left UIC to determine their reasons for leaving. Chicago’s Ida Wells public housing project who could be relocated but leave public housing or do not qualify 942. Chicago Public Schools Asset Management Program for replacement housing. From December 2002 to April This mail survey, which was fielded in winter 2002, 2003, SRL conducted baseline face-to-face interviews sought to gather information on certain building services with approximately 569 residents and 300 squatters. provided to Chicago Public Schools through the Principal Investigator: Susan Popkin (The Urban Department of Operations. Completed questionnaires Institute). Publication 773. were returned by 259 schools.

938. Eighth Conference on Health Survey Research Methods 943. Evaluation of Hospital Choice & Use Among Conference organizing for the Eighth Conference on African Americans in a Midsize Midwestern City Health Survey Research Methods, held February 20–23, The purpose of this study is to identify the reasons that 2004, in Peachtree City, Georgia. It continued a series of underlie the hospital preferences of a sample of African conferences that began in 1975, bringing together Americans living in a small community served by two researchers and data users. The conference was regional medical facilities. Historically, it has been said attended by 75 invited participants, taking part in five that minorities in the area favor one of the two hospitals sessions: (1) capturing diversity and change in a over the other. Therefore, another goal of the study is to dynamic population, (2) community participation and discover what, if any, factors contribute to the perception community benefit, (3) cross-cultural challenges in that one facility maintains an atmosphere that is more health survey research, (4) how to conduct health user-friendly and welcoming of minorities than the other. surveys in the 21st century, and (5) security and privacy. Focus groups have been conducted, and respondents The conference was funded by Abt Associates, Inc., the were asked to discuss what influences their hospital Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, the preferences and what characteristics make a medical American Cancer Society, the Health Resources Services facility inviting. Results are being used to develop a short Administration, the National Cancer Institute, the paper-and-pencil questionnaire that will address these National Center for Health Statistics, the National same issues. The questionnaires will be administered at Institute on Drug Abuse, the National Institutes of social service and community agencies and Health, the Substance Abuse and Mental Health neighborhood health clinics in the area. Principal Services Administration, and the Survey Research Investigator: Robert Cranston (Carle Foundation Center of the University of Michigan. Conference Hospital). organizers: Timothy P. Johnson and Diane O’Rourke

134 Forty-Year History of the Survey Research Laboratory 944. 2003 National League of Cities Survey students, and 269 returned completed questionnaires. The 329 city fiscal managers who responded to this Publication 791. annual survey in 2003 provided information on their cities’ recent and projected revenues, spending, and 948. Smoking Cessation Processes Data Analysis needs. SRL entered the data and created a data set for the This study is examining how a number of factors client. contribute to smoking cessation among women of childbearing age and of low socioeconomic status. These 945. Survey of Health Behaviors in Greater Lawn, 2003 (see also factors include cognitive factors, exposure to organized 842, 849) smoking cessation interventions, changes in pregnancy The purpose of this study was to assess the general status, and socioeconomic status conditions. The study is health of residents in the Greater Lawn area of Chicago, relying upon existing data from two panel studies, which compared to a control group in Aurora, Illinois. The are being supplemented by information about the survey instrument, which was based on the Behavioral socioeconomic characteristics of the community area in Risk Factors Surveillance System (BRFSS) questionnaire, which each respondent resides. Principal Investigator: included topics such as diabetes, nutrition, and physical Carla Manfredi (Health Research and Policy Centers, activity. The sample design included a random digit dial School of Public Health, UIC), Co-investigators: Kathleen (RDD) sample, a random sample of listed telephone Crittenden (Department of Sociology, UIC), Young Ik Cho numbers, and a list of parents with children in the (SRL), and Richard B. Warnecke (Center for Health Greater Lawn schools. Interviewing began in May 2003 Services Research/Division of Population, Cancer and ended in September 2003. Of the 708 interviews Center/SRL). completed, 242 were with parents, 256 were with Greater Lawn residents, and 210 were with Aurora residents. 949. Physical Activity Programs for Older Adults Funding was provided by the Centers for Disease Control This face-to-face study is part of a larger project that is and Prevention. SRL conducted a similar study in 2001 seeking to identify the three best community-based (Study 842). Principal Investigator: Susan Levy (Health physical activity programs for those age 55 and older. Promotion and Disease Prevention Center, School of SRL’s role is to conduct baseline, six-month follow-up, Public Health, UIC). and twelve-month follow-up interviews with participants of three physical activity programs. Each 946. CAPS 2003 Survey (see also 789, 798, 812, 832, 887) questionnaire will include several physical activity CAPS, which is Chicago’s community policing program, measures, allowing an assessment of changes in was instituted citywide in 1995. This random-digit-dial respondents’ physical fitness over the study period. The survey of city residents was part of an ongoing Robert Wood Johnson Foundation is funding the project. evaluation of the program that is examining Chicago’s Principal Investigator: Susan Hughes (Center for Research progress in implementing selected components of the on Health and Aging, School of Public Health, UIC). program and monitoring trends in public assessments of the quality of police service in Chicago. During March– 950. Evaluation of Real Benefits Program June 2003, SRL interviewed approximately 3,100 English- RealBenefits is a Web-based information service that and Spanish-speaking residents about crime and safety enables those working with low-income families to in their neighborhoods and their opinions of the Chicago analyze and calculate eligibility for multiple public Police Department. Households for which an address benefit programs in a single session, generate completed was available were mailed advance letters. The Illinois applications and electronically file them for certain Criminal Justice Information Authority funded the study. programs, and provide comprehensive, updated program Principal Investigator: Wes Skogan (Northwestern descriptions. For this project, SRL is developing an University). Publication 749. evaluation plan for the Illinois RealBenefits demonstration program and will conduct the evaluation. 947. UIUC 2003 Sports Survey Further, SRL is conducting focus groups with staff of Conducted on behalf of the UIUC Division of both agencies currently using RealBenefits and agencies Intercollegiate Athletics (DIA), the purpose of this study not using RealBenefits. Principal Investigator: Enrique was to evaluate the success of UIUC athletic programs Balaguer (Community Catalyst, Inc.). Publication 441. and policies and to help DIA plan for the future. SRL surveyed a random sample of 1,000 UIUC 951. Health Needs of Jewish Households undergraduates regarding their interests and This face-to-face study was similar to Study 912, except involvement in UIUC sports, including intervarsity, club, that interviews were conducted with Jewish adults living and intramural sports. During September and October in West Rogers Park in Chicago. SRL collected data on 2003, SRL mailed questionnaires to students; those who social and environmental health factors, such as did not return a completed questionnaire were contacted nutrition and alcohol use, and the prevalence of a variety by phone during late October and November to complete of conditions, such as asthma and diabetes. Interviews an interview. Phone interviews were conducted with 472 began August 1, 2003, and were completed January 4,

1964–2004 135 2004. As with Study 912, for each household there may claims paid out by the Illinois State Medical Insurance have been two interviews conducted: the first with a Services, Inc. randomly selected adult, while the second was conducted only if there were children 12 or younger in 957. Center for Population Health & Health Disparities the household. If so, SRL interviewed the adult in the This five-year study of breast cancer patients in the household who knew the most about the health care of a Chicago area will involve multiple projects. In Project 1, randomly selected child. Adult-only interviews were computer-assisted personal interviews will be conducted completed with 143 respondents; 58 adult-child with 450 breast cancer patients; SRL’s role will be in interviews were completed. Principal Investigator: Joel programming the questionnaire and training Carp (Jewish Federation). Publication 444. interviewers in the use of laptops for survey administration. SRL also will be responsible for 952. Chicago United Diversity Survey 2003 (see also 885, 920) tracking/reminder mailings and will conduct follow-up This is the third mail survey of top Chicago corporations telephone interviews with respondents. Project 2 will aimed at determining the amount of racial and ethnic involve computer-assisted personal interviews with 350 diversity that exists at the companies’ highest levels. SRL African-American women, 350 Latinas, and 500 White will analyze the data and prepare a report of the findings. women, all of whom are newly-diagnosed breast cancer patients. For Project 3, SRL will ask Project 1 and Project 2 953. Illinois Smoker Survey, 2003 (see also 924) respondents to provide contact information for five As was the case with Study 924, this 2003 telephone people with whom they discuss their health, and these study evaluated the effectiveness of the American Lung individuals will be interviewed by telephone. The final Association’s Illinois Tobacco Quitline, which is staffed project will involve focus groups. Principal Investigator: by health professionals and provides information on a Richard B. Warnecke (Center for Health Services variety of smoking-related issues. Respondents, all of Research/Division of Population, Cancer Center/SRL). whom were previous Quitline callers, were asked about the Quitline overall, the counselors, the materials, and 958. Faculty Retention Survey, 2004 (see also 896, 941) their own smoking behaviors. Principal Investigator: SRL conducted a mail survey of former University faculty Thomas O’Rourke (Department of Community Health, on behalf of UIC’s Office of the Chancellor. The 2004 UIUC). Publication 792. survey was the third such survey of former UIC faculty; the first was conducted in 2001 and the second in 2002. 954. Financial Aid Survey The purpose of the study was to determine why faculty For this mail study, SRL surveyed 776 Hispanics who chose to leave UIC. were undergraduates at Northeastern University in the fall of 1999. The purpose of the study was to determine 959. Chicago Area Study what proportion of the University’s Hispanic This CAPI study will replicate the Detroit Area Study, an undergraduates were “low income,” per the federal important annual survey of urban issues. The Chicago definition guidelines for the period. A total of 213 version will add some questions on race issues. completed questionnaires was received. Principal Interviews will be conducted with 2,100 Chicago-area Investigator: Susan Doyle (Institutional Studies and residents (700 each from white, Black, and Hispanic Planning, Northwestern University). Publication 793. residents). Principal Investigator: Maria Krysan (Department of Sociology, UIC). 955. Chicago Area Survey Pilot Study During October and November 2003, SRL conducted six 960. Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP) Case focus groups with African-American, Hispanic, and Control Study White homeowners and renters. A total of six focus For this study of TTP, SRL will identify 1,200 eligible and groups were held with adults recruited from the general interested controls. Controls will be matched on population. All focus groups were conducted in English, geographic area, gender, and age. Principal Investigator: and all participants were over the age of 24 and lived Dilip Pandey (Northwestern University). either in the city of Chicago or one of its surrounding suburbs. The purpose of conducting these focus groups 961. Maintenance of Long-Term Behavior Change was to assist in the creation of a questionnaire on ethnic This is a five-year study to test a physical activity and racial differences in housing preferences. Principal intervention for older adults, which is being fielded at Investigator: Maria Krysan (Department of Sociology, five senior centers in Chicago. SRL will conduct face-to- UIC). face baseline interviews with participants and follow up with them two, six, twelve, and eighteen months after the 956. Closed Claim Analysis intervention. Participants also will be contacted by phone To add to our understanding of malpractice risk, SRL nine and fifteen months following the intervention. currently is conducting an analysis of the malpractice

136 Forty-Year History of the Survey Research Laboratory Principal Investigator: Susan Hughes (Health Research job performance of the Dean. Faculty from all four COM and Policy Centers, School of Public Health, UIC). campuses were included in the assessment: Chicago, Peoria, Rockford, and Urbana-Champaign. COM faculty 962. COB Focus Groups were requested to rate the Dean’s leadership, public and SRL conducted 15 focus groups with UIC students at the human relations skills, personnel practices, request of Albert Page, Professor of Managerial Studies at organizational and communication skills, vision, the University of Illinois at Chicago. The groups were intercampus relations, administrative skills, and overall conducted as part of a classroom exercise in product college governance. This study was a replication of a concept testing. There were six topics for the 18 focus previous five-year evaluation of the COM Dean. groups, with 3 groups dedicated to each topic. Each focus Completed July 2004. group topic was related to a product concept created by a group of students from Dr. Page’s class. Therefore, each 967. African American Cancer Survivors focus group topic required specific participant character- This study will consider the effects of different types of istics in order that valuable and relevant information cancer on the quality of life and cancer screening regarding each product concept would be provided. behaviors of African Americans with and without cancer. Completed March 2004. It also will examine the differences between African- American breast cancer survivors who partcipated in 963. GSB Career Survey clinical trials vs. those who did not participate in such SRL was responsible for data entry of 601 completed trials. SRL’s role is to identify and interview 450 cancer- questionnaires on behalf of Stanislav Dobrev (University free African American “matches” to African-American of Chicago). The questionnaire was administered to cancer survivors. Principal Investigators: Carol Ferrans alumni of the UIC Graduate School of Business and dealt (Medical Surgical Nursing, UIC) and Richard B. with career and salary history. Completed June 2004. Warnecke (Center for Health Services Research/Division of Population, Cancer Center/SRL). 964. Impact of Accreditation on BPHC Supported Health Centers 968. The Joint Commission on the Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO) is responsible for accrediting all 969. Effects of Patenting on Research hospitals and healthcare organizations in the U.S. and, SRL will be conducting a mail survey of university in recent years, federally funded community health faculty on the role of information sharing, patenting, and centers. There are approximately 850 such centers, and licensing on biomedical research. This project is funded JCAHO has accredited one-third of them. The purpose of by the National Academy of Sciences. Principal this study is to assess the impact of accreditation on Investigator: John Walsh (Department of Sociology, UIC). center performance in the areas of infection control, medication use, quality improvement, patient 970. Effectiveness of a Public Information Brochure on Oral information management, and emergency management Cancer preparedness. The Bureau of Primary Health Care Interviewers from SRL will be dispatched to Mayor (BPHC), a division of HRSA, has contracted with JCAHO Daley’s Senior Fest at McCormick Place in Chicago to to conduct this study. Principal Investigator: Lon Berkeley collect data on the effectiveness of a brochure describing (JCAHO). oral cancer screening. Two hundred interviews will be completed over the course of three days. Principal 965. Prescription Drug Diversion Study Investigator: Chuck LeHew (Health Research and Policy Pharmaceuticals are responsible for almost 30% of the Centers, UIC). overall drug problem in the United States. The illegal diversion of prescription drugs occurs in a variety of ways, and the abuse of such drugs often is overlooked by the thinking that if a physician prescribes the drug and a pharmacist dispenses it, it cannot be abused. This study, which involves focus groups and a mail survey, looks at the role of MDs, pharmacists, and nurses in prescription drug diversion. Principal Investigator: Linda Richter (Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse, Columbia University).

966. College of Medicine Dean Evaluation At the request of the UIC Provost and Vice Chancellor for Academic Affairs, SRL surveyed 1,063 College of Medicine (COM) faculty regarding their assessment of the

1964–2004 137 138 Forty-Year History of the Survey Research Laboratory Appendix D List of Publications Related to SRL

This list contains items published in connection with SRL studies and items published by staff members and faculty during the period of their affiliation with SRL. Those publications related to SRL studies are followed by the appropriate study number(s) were that information was available to us.

1. Abel, T., Cockerham, W. C., Lueschen, G., & Kunz, G. 11. Amick, D. J. (1972). The role of the university as a (1989). Health lifestyles and self-direction in processing center for census data. In V. C. Pohlman employment among American men: A test of the (Ed.), Opportunities in the census (pp. 32–35). Normal, IL. spillover effect. Social Science and Medicine, 28, 1269- 12. Amick, D. J. (1972). Implications of the 1970 census for 1274. Study 513. professional sociologists. In V. C. Pohlman (Ed.), 2. Albrecht, G. L., & Carballo, M. (1990). The cultural Opportunities in the census (pp. 75–85). Normal, IL. context of AIDS epidemiology and public policy. In J. 13. Amick, D. J. (1973). The user’s information system: An Boswell, R. Hexter, & J. Reinisch (Eds.), Sexuality and evaluative research approach. In E. McC. Arnett & A. disease: Metaphors, perceptions and behaviors in the AIDS Kent (Eds.), Computer-based chemical information (pp. 43– era. New York: Oxford University Press. Studies 606, 82). New York: Marcel Dekker. 609. 14. Amick, D. J. (1973). Scientific elitism and the 3. Albrecht, G. L., Levy, J. A., Sugrue, N. M., Prohaska, T., information system of science. Journal of the American & Ostrow, D. (1989). Who hasn’t heard about AIDS? Society for Information Science, 24, 317–327. AIDS Education and Prevention, 1, 61–67. Studies 606, 609. 15. Amick, D. J. (1973). The scientist’s mission and professional involvement: A quantitative revisitation 4. Aldous, J. (1985). Parent-child relations as affected by to the sociology of science. Social Science Research, 2, the grandparent status. In V. L. Bengston & J. F. 293–306. Robertson (Eds.), Grandparenthood (pp. 117–132). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage. Study 388. 16. Amick, D. J. (1974). An index of scientific elitism and the scientist’s mission. Science Studies, 4, 1–16. 5. Aldous, J. (1987). New views on the family life of the near elderly and the elderly. Journal of Marriage and the 17. Amick, D. J., & Crittenden, K. S. (1975). Analysis of Family, 49, 227–234. Study 388. variance and multivariate analysis of variance. In D. J. Amick & H. J. Walberg (Eds.), Introductory multivariate 6. Aldous, J., Klaus, E., & Klein, D. M. (1985). The analysis for educational, psychological, and social research understanding heart: Aging parents and their favorite (pp. 208–235). Berkeley, CA: McCutchan. children. Child Development, 56, 303–316. Study 388. 18. Amick, D. J., & Kviz, F. J. (1974). Density, building type, 7. Amatayakul, M. K. (1987, March). Report from AMRA and social integration in public housing projects. Man- Manpower Survey. Journal of the American Medical Record Environment Systems, 4, 187–190. Study 159. Association, 25–32. Study 592. 19. Amick, D. J., & Kviz, F. J. (1975, February). Social 8. American Library Association. (1981). The racial, ethnic, alienation in public housing: The effects of density and and sexual composition of library staff in academic and public building types. Ekistics, 231, 118–120. Studies 038, 159. libraries. Chicago: American Library Association, Office for Library Personnel Resources. Study 362. 20. Amick, D. J., & Walberg, H. J. (Eds.) (1975). Introductory multivariate analysis for educational, psychological, and social 9. Amick, D. J. (1971). [Review of Multivariate data analysis]. research. Berkeley, CA: McCutchan. Contemporary Sociology, 1(2). 21. Andreasen, A. R. (1974, fall). Changing retailers in mid- 10. Amick, D. J. (1972). [Review of Introduction to stream: Case of the New York State Lottery. Journal of multivariate analysis for the social sciences]. Contemporary Retailing, 50, 3–12, 75. Sociology, 2(1).

1964–2004 139 22. Andreasen, A. R. (1974). [Review of Groceries in the 38. Andreasen, A. R., & Belk, R. W. (1980). Predictors of ghetto]. Journal of Marketing Research, 11, 471–473. attendance at the performing arts. Journal of Consumer Research, 7, 112–120. Study 294. 23. Andreasen, A. R. (1975). Consumer research needs in the ghetto. Proceedings of the American Marketing 39. Andreasen, A. R., & Best, A. (1977). Consumer response Association. to unsatisfactory purchases: A survey of perceiving Law 24. Andreasen, A. R. (1975). The disadvantaged consumer. defects, voicing complaints, and obtaining redress. and Society Review, 2, 701–742. New York: Free Press. 40. Andreasen, A. R., & Best, A. (1977). Consumers 25. Andreasen, A. R. (1975). [Review of Consumer protection Harvard Business experiments in Sweden]. Journal of Business, 48, 596–598. complain—Does business respond? Review, 55, 93–101. (Reprinted in A. Elkins & D. W. 26. Andreasen, A. R. (1976). The differing nature of Callaghan [Eds.], A managerial Odyssey: Problems in consumerism in the ghetto. Journal of Consumer Affairs, business and its environment [2nd ed., pp. 288–305]. 10, 179–190. (Reprinted in D. A. Aaker & G. S. Day Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1978.) [Eds.], Consumerism: Search for the consumer interest [3rd 41. Andreasen, A. R., & Gardner, D. M. (Eds.). (1979). ed., pp. 97–108]. New York: Free Press, 1978.) Diffusing marketing theory and research: The contributions 27. Andreasen, A. R. (1976, June). [Review of Public library of Bauer, Green, Kotler, and Levitt. Chicago: American use in Denver]. Newsletter on Library Research, 16. Marketing Association. 28. Andreasen, A. R. (1977). A taxonomy of consumer 42. Andreasen, A. R., & Hodges, L. C. (1977). Clothing, satisfaction/dissatisfaction measures. In H. K. Hunt race, and consumer decision making. In Minorities and (Ed.), Conceptualization and measurement of consumer marketing: Research challenges (pp. 72–96). Chicago: satisfaction and dissatisfaction (pp. 11–35). Cambridge: American Marketing Association. Marketing Science Institute. (Also appeared in Journal of 43. Andreasen, A. R., & Manning, J. (1979). Information Consumer Affairs, 1977, winter, 11, 11–24.) needs for consumer protection planning. Proceedings of 29. Andreasen, A. R. (1977). Consumer dissatisfaction and the Annual Congress of the European Academy for market performance. (Also appeared in Consumer behavior Advanced Research in Marketing. analysis: Marketing and socio-economic equilibrium: 44. Andreasen, A. R., & Ratchford, B. T. (1976). Factors Proceedings of the International Research Seminar in affecting consumers’ use of information sources. Marketing [pp. 1–15].) Journal of Business Research, 4, 197–212. (Reprinted in T. 30. Andreasen, A. R. (1977). Consumer dissatisfaction as a T. Ball et al. [Eds.], Readings in marketing. Prospect measure of market performance. Zeitschrift für Heights, IL: Waveland Press, 1978.) erbraucherpolitik/Journal of Consumer Policy, 1, 311–322. 45. Andreasen, A. R., & Sturdivant, F. D. (Eds.). (1977). 31. Andreasen, A. R. (1977). Consumerism in the ghetto. Minorities and marketing: Research challenges. Chicago: Review of Black Political Economy, 7, 383–403. American Marketing Association. 32. Andreasen, A. R. (1978). Dissatisfactions data and 46. Andreasen, A. R., & Sudman, S. (Eds.). (1976). Public consumer advocacy. Zeitschrift für Verbraucherpolitik/ policy and marketing thought. Chicago: American Journal of Consumer Policy, 2, 356–358. Marketing Association. 33. Andreasen, A. R. (1978). The ghetto marketing life cycle: 47. Andreasen, A. R., & Upah, G. D. (1978). Regulation and A case of underachievement. Journal of Marketing the disadvantaged: The case of the Creditors’ Remedies Rule Research, 15, 20–28. (Report No. 78–110). Cambridge: Marketing Science Journal of Marketing, 34. Andreasen, A. R. (1978). Health care marketing and the Institute. (Also appeared in 1979, quality of life. Proceedings of the American Marketing 43, 75–83.) Association Workshop on Marketing and the Quality of Life. 48. Angel, R. J., Cella, D., Chatters, L., Hays, R. D., Johnson, Responses from experts to 35. Andreasen, A. R. (1979). Broadening the marketing T. P., Krause, N. et al. (2001). concept: A marketing audit. In A. R. Andreasen & D. M. issues identified by the Resource Centers for Minority Aging Research (RCMAR) Measurement Core. Gardner (Eds.), Diffusing marketing theory and research: San Francisco: The contributions of Bauer, Green, Kotler, and Levitt (pp. Center for Aging in Diverse Communities. 22–41). Chicago: American Marketing Association. 49. Ayal, E. B., & Chiswick, B. R. (1983). The economics of Economic Development and 36. Andreasen, A. R. (1979). Consumerism in the inner the Diaspora revisited. Cultural Change, 31, city. In G. H. Haines, Jr. (Ed.), Problems in consumer 861–875. affairs: A research symposium (pp. 133–175). Toledo, OH: 50. Barban, A. M. (1969). The dilemma of “integrated” Business Research Center, University of Toledo. advertising. Journal of Business, 42, 477–496. Study 009. 37. Andreasen, A. R., & Belk, R. W. (1979). Consumer 51. Barban, A. M., & Cohen, J. B. (1970). An interactive response to arts offerings: A study of theater and consumer-product typological system: A progress report and symphony in four Southern cities. In E. McCracken partial evaluation. (Research Report No. 12). University (Ed.), Research in the arts. Baltimore, MD: Walters Art Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University. Study 063. Gallery. Study 294.

140 Forty-Year History of the Survey Research Laboratory 52. Beck, E. M., & Summers, G. F. (1979). Additive, 66. Blair, E., Sudman, S., Bradburn, N. M., & Stocking, C. multiplicative, and mixed roles for studying (1977). How to ask questions about drinking and sex: community change. In G. F. Summers & A. Selvik Response effects in measuring consumer behavior. (Eds.), Nonmetropolitan industrial growth and community Journal of Marketing Research, 14, 316–321. (Reprinted in change. New York: D. C. Heath. Study 007. R. Ferber [Ed.], Readings in survey research (pp. 225–235). Chicago: American Marketing Association, 1978.) 53. Beck, E. M., Dotson, L. E., & Summers, G. F. (1973, July). Effects of industrial development on heads of 67. Blair, J. (1990). Improving data quality in network households. Growth and Change, 4, 16–19. (Reprinted in surveys of rare populations. In G. Liepins & V. EDISTICS, 36, 416–418.) Study 007. Uppuluri (Eds.), Theory and pragmatics of data quality control. New York: Marcel Dekker. Study 574. 54. Bender, D., Beresford, S. A. A., & McFall, S. L. (1989). Can dietary behavior be changed? A review of 68. Blair, J., & Czaja, R. (1982). Locating a special interventions aimed at controlling hypertension. population using random digit dialing. Public Opinion Journal of Community Health, 14, 18–43. Quarterly, 46, 585–590. Study 394. 55. Berry, S., & O’Rourke, D. (1988). Administrative design 69. Blair, J., & Sudman, S. (1993). Respondent perceptions for centralized telephone survey centers: Implications of reinterviews. Bureau of the Census 1993 Annual of the transition to CATI. In R. M. Groves, P. P. Biemer, Research Conference Proceedings, 701–716. Study 697. L. E. Lyberg, J. T. Massey, W. L. Nicholls II, & J. 70. Blair, J., Menon, G., & Bickart, B. (1991). Measurement Waksberg (Eds.), Telephone survey methodology (pp. 457– effects in self vs. proxy responses to survey questions: 474). New York: Wiley. An information-processing perspective. In P. P. 56. Best, A., & Andreasen, A. R. (1976). Talking back to Biemer, R. M. Groves, L. E. Lyberg, N. A. Mathiowetz, business: Voiced and unvoiced consumer complaints. & S. Sudman (Eds.), Measurement errors in surveys (pp. Washington, DC: Center for Study of Responsive Law. 145–166). New York: Wiley. Study 665. 57. Bickart, B. (1989). The impact of radio programming 71. Blendon, R. J., Aiken, L. H., Freeman, H. E., & Corey, C. format on advertising effectiveness. In J. H. Summer & R. (1989). Access to medical care for black and white P. J. Hensel (Eds.), Strategic issues in a dynamic marketing Americans: A matter of continuing concern. Journal of environment. Carbondale, IL: Southern Marketing the American Medical Association, 261, 278–281. Studies Association. 586, 588. 58. Bickart, B. A. (1991). Question-order effects and brand 72. Blume, M., & Friend, I. (1978). The changing role of the evaluations: The moderating role of consumer individual investor. New York: Wiley. Study 239. knowledge. In N. Schwarz & S. Sudman (Eds.), Context 73. Bordua, D. J. (1983). Adversary polling and the effects in social and psychological research. New York: construction of social meaning: Implications in gun Springer. Study 669. control elections in Massachusetts and California. Law 59. Bickart, B. A., Blair, J., Menon, G., & Sudman, S. (1990). and Policy Quarterly, 5, 345–366. Study 296. Cognitive aspects of proxy reporting of behavior. 74. Bordua, D. J. (1984). Gun control and opinion Advances in Consumer Research, 17, Study 665. 198–206. measurement: Adversary polling and the construction 60. Bickart, B., Blair, J., Sudman, S., & Menon, G. (1991). An of social meaning. In D. B. Kates, Jr. (Ed.), Firearms and experimental study of the effects of level of violence: Issues of public policy (pp. 51–70). Cambridge, participation on proxy reports of vacation planning. MA: Ballinger. Study 296. American Statistical Association 1991 Proceedings of the 75. Bordua, D. J. (1986). Firearms ownership and violent Section on Survey Research Methods, 397–401. Study 665. crime: A comparison of Illinois counties. In J. M. Byrne 61. Bickart, B., Menon, G., Sudman, S., & Blair, J. (1992). & R. J. Sampson (Eds.), The social ecology of crime (pp. Context effects in proxy judgments. Advances in 156–188). New York: Springer. Study 296. Consumer Research, 19, 64–71. Study 665. 76. Bordua, D. J., Lizotte, A. J., & Kleck, G., with Cagle, V. 62. Bielema, C., & Sofranko, A. J. (1983, January/February). (1979). Patterns of firearms ownership, use and regulation in Determining needs of a hard-to-reach audience. Journal Illinois. Chicago: Illinois Law Enforcement of Extension, 21, 3–9. Study 291. Commission. Study 296. 63. Biemer, P. P., Groves, R. M., Lyberg, L. E., Mathiowetz, 77. Bradburn, N. M., & Sudman, S. (1988). Polls and surveys: N. A., & Sudman, S. (Eds.). (1991). Measurement errors in Understanding what they tell us. San Francisco: Jossey- surveys. New York: Wiley. Bass. 64. Bird, C. E., & Ross, C. E. (1993). Houseworkers and paid 78. Bradburn, N. M., & Sudman, S. (1991). The current workers: Qualities of the work and effects on personal status of questionnaire research. In P. P. Biemer, R. M. control. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 55, 913–925. Groves, L. E. Lyberg, N. A. Mathiowetz, & S. Sudman Study 688. (Eds.), Measurement errors in surveys (pp. 29–40). New York: Wiley. 65. Blair, E., & Sudman, S. (1976). How to ask questions about drinking and sex: Response effects in measuring 79. Bradburn, N. M., Sudman, S., & Associates. (1979). consumer behavior. In K. L. Bernhardt (Ed.), Marketing Improving interview method and questionnaire design: 1776–1976 and beyond. Chicago: American Marketing Response effects to threatening questions in survey research. Association. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Study 203.

1964–2004 141 80. Bradburn, N. M., Sudman, S., & Wansink, B. (Eds.) tumor registry application. Proceedings of the Second (2004). Asking questions: The definitive guide to Annual Symposium on Computer Applications in Medical questionnaire design—For market research, political polls, Care, 298–302. Study 300. and social and health questionnaires (rev. ed.). New York: 94. Cabral, R. M., & Hennessey, J. (1978). Alternatives to Wiley. institutionalization of the aged. In F. W. Musgrave 81. Bradburn, N. M., Sudman, S., Blair, E., & Stocking, C. (Ed.), Health economics and health care: Irreconcilable gap? (1978). Question threat and response bias. Public Washington, DC: University Press of America. Study Opinion Quarterly, 42, 221–234. (Reprinted in E. Singer & 334. S. Presser [Eds.], Survey research methods: A reader [pp. 95. Cady, J. F., & Andreasen, A. R. (1975). Price levels, price 371–384]. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1989.) practices and price discrimination in the retail Study 203. marketing of prescription drugs. Journal of Consumer 82. Bradburn, N., Sudman, S., & Gockel, G. L. (1971). Side by Affairs, 9, 33–48. side: Integrated neighborhoods in America. Chicago: 96. Cafferty, P., Chiswick, B. R., Greeley, A. M., & Sullivan, Quadrangle. T. (1983). The dilemma of American immigration: Beyond the 83. Braden, J. B., Chattopadhyay, S., & Patunru, A. A. (2003, golden door. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Press. July). Economic value of environmental clean-up: Studies 339, 376, 408. Contaminants in Waukegan Harbor, Illinois. Report to the 97. Campbell, G. E. (1988). Landowner characteristics, Community of Waukegan, The Northeast Midwest attitudes, and perceived barriers toward producing biomass Institute, and the Great Lakes National Program Office, for energy feedstocks on marginal land in the Great Lakes USEPA. Study 909. region. (Forestry Research Report No. 88–13). Urbana, 84. Bridgeland, W. M., & Sofranko, A. J. (1975, December). IL: University of Illinois, Department of Forestry. Community structure and issue-specific influences on Study 555. community mobilization over environmental quality. 98. Campbell, G. E. (1989). Landowner characteristics, Urban Affairs Quarterly, 11, 186–214. Studies 124, 172. attitudes, and opinions toward producing biomass for 85. Bridgeland, W., & Sofranko, A. J. (1978, March). Two energy feedstocks on marginal land in the Great Lakes assessments of community environmental quality. region, USA. Biomass, 19, 307–322. Study 555. Environment and Behavior, 10, 89–108. Studies 124, 172. 99. Carballo, M., Cleland, J., Careal, M., & Albrecht, G. 86. Brinton, L. A., Hamman, R. F., Huggins, G. R., Lehman, (1989). A cross national study of patterns of sexual H. F., Levine, R. S., Mallin, K. et al. (1987). Sexual and behavior. Journal of Sex Research, 26, 287–299. Studies reproductive risk factors for invasive squamous cell 606, 609. cervical cancer. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 79, 100. Carll, M. A., & Black, B. J. (1989). Furniture shopping 23–30. Study 457. patterns of rural families. Home Economics Research 87. Brinton, L. A., Huggins, G. R., Lehman, H. F., Mallin, Journal, 18(2), 156–163. Study 563. K., Savitz, D., Trapido, E. et al. (1986). Long term use of 101. Carll, M. A., & Wysocki, J. L. (1988). Factors influencing oral contraceptives and risk of invasive cervical cancer. the selection of upholstered living room furniture. International Journal of Cancer, 38, 339–344. Study 603. Journal of Consumer Education, 7, 17–22. Study 563. 88. Brinton, L. A., Tashima, K. T., Lehman, H. F., Levine, R. 102. Carmines, E. G., & Kuklinski, J. H. (1990). Incentives, S., Mallin, K., Savitz, D. A. et al. (1987). Epidemiology opportunities, and the logic of public opinion in of cervical cancer by cell type. Cancer Research, 47, political representation. In J. A. Ferejohn & J. H. 1706–1711. Study 457. Kuklinski (Eds.), Information and democratic processes (pp. 89. Brown, M., & Oldakowski, R. K. (1986). The changing 240–268). Champaign, IL: University of Illinois Press. morphology of suburban crime. Urban Geography, 7(1), Study 508. 46–62. 103. Charles, S. C., Warnecke, R. B., Nelson, A., & Pyskoty, 90. Burris, J. (2000, May). UIUC sports survey. University of C. E. (1988). Appraisal of the event as a factor in coping Illinois at Chicago, Survey Research Laboratory. Study with malpractice litigation. Behavioral Medicine, 14, 148– 848. 155. Study 534. 91. Burris, J. E., Johnson, T. P., & O’Rourke, D. P. (2004). 104. Charles, S. C., Warnecke, R. B., Wilbert, J. R., Validating self-reports of socially desirable behaviors. Lichtenberg, R., & DeJesus, C. (1987). Sued and nonsued In 2003 Proceedings of the Section on Survey Research physicians: Satisfactions, dissatisfactions, and sources Methods [CD-ROM]. Alexandria, VA: American of stress. Psychosomatics, 28, 462–468. Study 534. Statistical Association. Study 840. 105. Chicoine, D. L., & Mandelbaum, T. (1986). Illinois’ rural 92. Burris, J., & O’Rourke, D. (1996, August). Waste water systems. Illinois CRD Report, 12. Study 476. management survey of Illinois higher education i nstitutions. 106. Chicoine, D. L., & Ramamurthy, G. (1984). An estimate Report prepared for the Illinois Waste Management of the demand for rural water service under declining and Research Center. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois, block rate price schedules. American Journal of Survey Research Laboratory. Agricultural Economics, 66, 912. Study 476. 93. Cabral, R. M., & Cheng, W.-H. (1978). An integrated database system for managing medical information: A

142 Forty-Year History of the Survey Research Laboratory 107. Chicoine, D. L., & Ramamurthy, G. (1986). Evidence on 122. Chiswick, B. R. (1979). [Discussion of Generational the specification of price in the study of domestic water crowding]. American Statistical Association 1979 demand. Land Economics, 62, 26–32. Study 476. Proceedings of the Business and Economic Statistics Section. 108. Chicoine, D. L., Deller, S., & Ramamurthy, G. (1985). 123. Chiswick, B. R. (1979). The economic progress of Rural water service demand and instrumental price immigrants: Some apparently universal patterns. estimates. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 67, Contemporary Economic Problems, 357–399. (Reprinted in 1277. Study 476. B. R. Chiswick [Ed.], The gateway: U.S. immigration issues and policies 109. Chicoine, D. L., Deller, S., & Ramamurthy, G. (1986). [pp. 119–158]. Washington, DC: American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, 1982.) Water demand estimation under block rate pricing: A Study 339. simultaneous equation approach. EOS Transactions, 67, 487. (Also appeared in Water Resources Research, 1986, 124. Chiswick, B. R. (1979). Indexing social security: Some 22, 859–863.) Study 476. important consequences. In C. Campbell (Ed.), Financing Social Security (pp. 148–155). Washington, DC: 110. Chicoine, D. L., Ramamurthy, G., & Grossman, M. R. (1984). The cost of operating rural water systems. North American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research. Central Journal of Agricultural Economics, 6, 56–64. Study 476. 125. Chiswick, B. R. (1979). Some data and methodological 111. Chicoine, D. L., Ramamurthy, G., & Grossman, M. R. issues regarding research on the economic progress of immigrants. In S. R. Couch & R. S. Bryce-LaPorte (Eds.), (1985). The collective provision of potable water to Quantitative data and immigration research (RIIES Research rural areas: Organizational, operating cost and demand Notes No. 2, pp. 137–165). Washington, DC: evidence from a major corn belt state. In Water Smithsonian Institution. Study 339. resources for rural areas and their communities (pp. 965– 975). Brussels, Belgium: International Water Resources 126. Chiswick, B. R. (1980). The earnings of white and Association. Study 476. coloured male immigrants in Britain. Economica, 47, 81– 87. 112. Chiswick, B. R. (1978). [Comments]. In F. P. Stafford, Microeconomic aspects of employment and unemployment 127. Chiswick, B. R. (1980). [Review of Counting the labor statistics (Background Paper No. 9, pp. 51–56). force, the report of the National Commission on Employment Washington, DC: National Commission on and Unemployment Statistics]. Contemporary Economic Employment and Unemployment Statistics. Problems, 263–300. 113. Chiswick, B. R. (1978). The earnings of immigrants and 128. Chiswick, B. R. (1980, October). Immigrant earnings their sons. Challenge, 21(2), 55–61. Studies 339, 487. patterns by sex, race, and ethnic groupings. Monthly Labor Review, 103, 22–25. Studies 339, 476. 114. Chiswick, B. R. (1978). The effect of Americanization on the earnings of foreign-born men. Journal of Political 129. Chiswick, B. R. (1981). Employment effects and Economy, 86, 897–921. Studies 339, 487. determinants of minimum wage laws: An analysis of current research. In S. Rottenberg (Ed.), The economics of 115. Chiswick, B. R. (1978). Generating inequality: Absolute legal minimum wages or relative schooling inequality? Journal of Human (pp. 510–514). Washington, DC: American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Resources, 13, 135–137. Research. 116. Chiswick, B. R. (1978). Immigrants and immigration An policy. Contemporary Economic Problems, 285–325. 130. Chiswick, B. R. (1981). [Executive summary of analysis of the economic progress and impact of immigrants]. Studies 365, 376. In U.S. immigration policy and national interest (Appendix 117. Chiswick, B. R. (1978). A longitudinal analysis of the D, pp. 211–222). Washington, DC: Select Commission occupational mobility of immigrants. Proceedings of the on Immigration and Refugee Policy. Study 339. Industrial Relations Research Association 30th Annual 131. Chiswick, B. R. (1981). Guidelines for the reform of Meeting, 20–27, A-1–A-11. (Excerpted in Monthly Labor immigration policy. Contemporary Economic Problems, Review, 1978, March, 29–31.) Studies 339, 408, 487. 309–347. (Reprinted in University of Miami Law Review, 118. Chiswick, B. R. (1978). [Review of Toward an economic 1982, 36, 893–930.) Studies 365, 376, 408. theory of income distribution]. Industrial and Labor Relations College as a training Review, 31, 405–406. 132. Chiswick, B. R. (1981). [Review of ground for jobs]. Economics of Education Review, 1, 393– 119. Chiswick, B. R. (1978, April). Immigrants in Britain. 396. British Politics Group Newsletter, 3–5. 133. Chiswick, B. R. (1982). The employment of immigrants in 120. Chiswick, B. R. (1978, March). Occupational change the United States. Washington, DC: American Enterprise among U.S. immigrants. Monthly Labor Review, 101, 29– Institute for Public Policy Research. Studies 339, 376, 31. Studies 339, 408, 487. 408. 121. Chiswick, B. R. (1978, May). [Discussion of The effects of 134. Chiswick, B. R. (1982). The impact of immigration on the increased labor force participation of women on the level and distribution of economic wellbeing. In B. microeconomic goals]. American Economic Review, 68, 95– R. Chiswick (Ed.), The gateway: U.S. immigration issues 96. and policies (pp. 289–313). Washington, DC: American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research. Studies 339, 376, 408.

1964–2004 143 135. Chiswick, B. R. (1982). [Review of Socioeconomic success: 149. Chiswick, B. R. (1985). Race earnings differentials. In T. A study of the effects of genetic endowments, family Husen (Ed.), International encyclopedia of education: environment, and schooling]. Journal of Economic Literature, Research and studies (pp. 4173–4177). Elmsford, NY: 20, 630–31. Pergamon. (Reprinted in G. Psacharopoulos [Ed.], Economics of education: Research and studies 136. Chiswick, B. R. (1982, March). Immigrants in the U.S. [pp. 232–237]. Oxford: Pergamon, 1987.) labor market. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 460, 64–72. (Reprinted in N. R. 150. Chiswick, B. R. (1985). [Review of Developments in Yetman [Ed.], Majority and minority: The dynamics of racial labour market analysis]. Industrial and Labor Relations and ethnic relations [pp. 401–407]. Boston: Allyn and Review, 38, 668–669. Bacon, 1985.) Studies 339, 376, 408. 151. Chiswick, B. R. (1985, spring). The “taste” for 137. Chiswick, B. R. (1983). An alternative approach to discrimination. New Perspectives, 17, 19–23. immigration policy: Rationing by skill. Population 152. Chiswick, B. R. (1985). Jewish adjustment in Western Research and Policy Review, 2, 21–23. countries [Review]. Contemporary Sociology, 14, 17–20. 138. Chiswick, B. R. (1983). An analysis of the earnings and 153. Chiswick, B. R. (1985). Immigrants’ economic employment of Asian-American men. Journal of Labor performance and education. In T. Husen (Ed.), Economics, 1, 197–214. International encyclopedia of education: Research and studies 139. Chiswick, B. R. (1983). The earnings and human capital (pp. 2409–2411). Elmsford, NY: Pergamon. (Reprinted of American Jews. Journal of Human Resources, 18, 313– in G. Psacharopoulos [Ed.], Economics of education: 336. Research and studies [pp. 198–201].) 140. Chiswick, B. R. (1983). Illegal aliens in the United 154. Chiswick, B. R. (1986). [Discussion of Immigration as an States labour market. In B. Weisbrod & H. Hughes answer to non-replacement fertility]. Population and (Eds.), Human resources, employment and development: Vol. Development Review, 12(suppl.), 269–270. 3. The problems of developed countries and the international 155. Chiswick, B. R. (1986). Evaluation of Census Bureau economy (pp. 346–367). London: Macmillan. (Reprinted procedures for the measurement of non-cash income in International Migration Review, 1984, 18, 714–732.) and the incidence of poverty. Conference on the Studies 339, 365, 376, 408, 487, 506. Measurement of Non-cash Benefits (Vol. 1, pp. 36–56). 141. Chiswick, B. R. (1983). Property rights and the labor Washington, DC: U.S. Bureau of the Census. market. In Bert Elwert (Ed.), Free enterprise: 15 156. Chiswick, B. R. (1986). Human capital and the labor commentaries (pp. 9–14). University of Illinois at market adjustment of immigrants: Testing alternative Chicago. hypotheses. In O. Stark (Ed.), Research in human capital 142. Chiswick, B. R. (1983). [Review of Across the border: and development: Vol. 4. Migration, human capital and Rural development in Mexico and recent migration to the development (pp. 1–26). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press. Study United States]. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 487. 65, 459. 157. Chiswick, B. R. (1986). Illegal aliens: A preliminary 143. Chiswick, B. R. (1983). [Review of The economics of labor report on an employee-employer survey. American migration: A behavioral analysis]. International Migration Economic Review, 76, 253–257. Study 506. Review, 17, 715–716. 158. Chiswick, B. R. (1986). The impact of illegal aliens and 144. Chiswick, B. R. (1984). [Discussion of Welfare the enforcement of immigration law. In R. J. Thornton dependency]. In D. L. Bawden (Ed.), The social contract & J. R. Aronson (Eds.), Forging new relationships among revisited (pp. 153–156). Washington, DC: Urban business, labor and government (pp. 105–118). Greenwich, Institute. CT: JAI Press. Study 506. 145. Chiswick, B. R. (1984). [Review of The economics and 159. Chiswick, B. R. (1986). Is the new immigration less politics of race: An international perspective]. Journal of skilled than the old? Journal of Labor Economics, 4, 168– Economic Literature, 22, 1158–1160. 192. (Also appeared in J. B. Hansen [Ed.], Themes and theories in migration research [pp. 72–119]. Copenhagen: 146. Chiswick, B. R. (1984, December 13). Blanket amnesty: Danish Social Science Research Council, 1986.) Study Contrary to U.S. interests. Christian Science Monitor, p. 506. 21. 160. Chiswick, B. R. (1986). Labor supply and investment in 147. Chiswick, B. R. (1985). The labor market status of child quality: A study of Jewish and non-Jewish American Jews: Patterns and determinants. In American Review of Economics and Statistics, 68, Jewish Year Book (pp. 131–153). (Reprinted in W. A. Van women. 700–703. (Expanded version appeared in Contemporary Jewry, Horne [Ed.], Ethnicity and the work force [pp. 96–123]. 1998, fall, 9, 35–61.) Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin, 1985.) The immigration time 148. Chiswick, B. R. (1985). Nursing homes: Why are there 161. Chiswick, B. R. (1986). [Review of bomb: The fragmenting of America]. Population and so many scandals? In K. D’Andrande & P. Werhane Development Review, 12, 352–353. (Eds.), Profit and responsibility (pp. 238–249). Lewiston, NY: Edwin Mellin. 162. Chiswick, B. R. (1986). A survey of the employers of illegal aliens: Analysis of the survey methodology.

144 Forty-Year History of the Survey Research Laboratory American Statistical Association 1986 Proceedings of the 180. Chiswick, B. R. (1989). Immigrant earnings adjustment: Section on Survey Research Methods, 178–183. Study 506. An international comparison. In C. M. Beach & A. G. Green (Eds.), Policy forum on the role of immigration in 163. Chiswick, B. R. (1986, April 24). Illegal aliens don’t fit Canada’s future (pp. 40–51). Kingston, Ontario: the stereotype. Chicago Tribune, p. 27. Study 506. L’Immigration et L’Economie des Etats Unis. 164. Chiswick, B. R. (1986, December 21). A troubling drop in immigrant “quality.” New York Times, Section F, p. 3. 181. Chiswick, B. R. (1989, January). [Review of Unsportsmanlike conduct: The National Collegiate Athletic Study 506. Association and the business of college football]. Business 165. Chiswick, B. R. (1986, July). [Discussions of Family Economics, 24, 62–63. effects in simple models of education, occupational status, and 182. Chiswick, B. R. (1990). An economic analysis of the earnings]. Journal of Labor Economics, 4(Part 2), S116–S120. employers of illegal aliens. In W. A. Cornelius (Ed.), 166. Chiswick, B. R. (1986, September). Mexican Changing roles of Mexican labor in the U.S. economy. San immigrants: The economic dimension. Annals of the Diego, CA: Center for U.S.-Mexican Studies. American Academy of Political and Social Science, 487, 92– 183. Chiswick, B. R. (1990). Immigration and the economy 101. of the United States. Revue Europeene des Migrations 167. Chiswick, B. R. (1987). Immigration act a toothless Internationales, 59–70. tiger. U of I Chicagoan, 6(3), 3. 184. Chiswick, B. R. (1990). [Review of International labor 168. Chiswick, B. R. (1987). The labor market status of migration and remittances between the developing ESCAP Hispanic men. Journal of American Ethnic History, 7(1), countries and the Middle East: Trends, issues and policies]. 30–58. Economic Development and Cultural Change, 431–432. 169. Chiswick, B. R. (1987). [Review of Elementary survey 185. Chiswick, B. R. (Ed.). (1982). The gateway: U.S. sampling (3rd ed.)]. Journal of the American Statistical immigration issues and policies. Washington, DC: Association, 82, 1185–1186. American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Studies 365, 376, 408. 170. Chiswick, B. R. (1987, fall). [Review of Political and Research. economic migrants in America: Cubans and Mexicans]. 186. Chiswick, B. R., & Chiswick, C. U. (1984, September). Journal of American Ethnic History, 7, 105–106. Race and public policy: The statistical connection. Challenge, 27, 171. Chiswick, B. R. (1987, January). The achievement of 51–55. American Jews. Reconstructionist, 52, 11–14. 187. Chiswick, B. R., & Chiswick, C. U. (1985). Income 172. Chiswick, B. R. (1988). Differences in education and distribution and education. In T. Husen (Ed.), International encyclopedia of education: Research and studies earnings across racial and ethnic groups: Tastes, discrimination, and investments in child quality. (pp. 2414–2421). Elmsford, NY: Pergamon. (Reprinted Quarterly Journal of Economics, 103, 571–597. in G. Psacharopoulos [Ed.], Economics of education: Research and studies (Summarized in Business Economics, 1989, January, 24, [pp. 255–261]. Oxford: Pergamon, 58.) 1987.) 173. Chiswick, B. R. (1988). Illegal aliens: Their employment and 188. Chiswick, B. R., & Chiswick, C. U. (1985, October 9). Los Angeles Times employers. Kalamazoo, MI: W.E. Upjohn Institute for Illegal aliens and the law. (Part 2), p. Employment Research. Study 506. 5. 174. Chiswick, B. R. (1988). Illegal immigration and 189. Chiswick, B. R, Chiswick, C. U., & Miller, P. W. (1985). immigration control. Journal of Economic Perspectives, Are immigrants and natives perfect substitutes in International Migration Review, 19, 2(3), 101–115. production? 674–685. 175. Chiswick, B. R. (1988). The Immigration Reform and 190. Chiswick, B. R., & Miller, P. W. (1985). Immigrant Economic Record, Control Act of 1986: Provisions and implications. generation and income in Australia. Proceedings of the 40th Annual Winter Meetings, Industrial 61, 540–553. Relations Research Association, 175–186. 191. Chiswick, B. R., & Miller, P. W. (1988). Earnings in 176. Chiswick, B. R. (1988). Immigration policy, source Canada: The roles of immigrant generation, French Research in Population Economics, countries and immigrant skills: Australia, Canada and ethnicity and language. 6, the United States. In L. Barker & P. W. Miller (Eds.), The 183–228. economics of immigration (pp. 163–206). Canberra: 192. Chiswick, C. U. (1978). A procedure for estimating Australian Government Printing Service. earnings of unpaid family workers. American Statistical Association 1978 Proceedings of the Business and Economic 177. Chiswick, B. R. (1988). Legal aliens: Toward a positive Statistics Section: Part 1, immigration policy. Regulation, 12(1), 17–22. 206–215. 178. Chiswick, B. R. (1988). [Review of Immigrant and native 193. Chiswick, C. U. (1978). Growth policy and the workers: Contrasts and competition]. Journal of Economic distribution of income. In W. Krelle & A. F. Shorrocks Personal income distribution Literature, 726–727. (Eds.), (pp. 471–487). New York: North-Holland. 179. Chiswick, B. R. (1988, November). Hispanic men: Education, economic Divergent paths in the U.S. labor market. Monthly Labor 194. Chiswick, C. U. (1978). [Review of Review, 111, 32–34. growth, and income distribution]. De Economist, 126(2), 265–266.

1964–2004 145 195. Chiswick, C. U. (1979). Effects of inflation on low-income 210. Cho, Y. I., Johnson, T., & Pickup, L. (2000, April). Illinois groups (United Nations Economic and Social Council household survey on alcohol, tobacco, and other drug use, Document No. E/CN.5/570). New York: U.N. 1998. Chicago: Illinois Office of Alcoholism and Economic and Social Council. Substance Abuse. Study 793. 196. Chiswick, C. U. (1979). The growth of professional 211. Choldin, H. M. (1980). Social participation in suburban occupations in U.S. manufacturing: 1900–1973. Research apartment enclaves. In C. Ungerson & V. Karn (Eds.), in Human Capital and Development, 1, 191–217. The consumer experience of housing: Cross-national perspectives 197. Chiswick, C. U. (1981). [Review of Economic equality and (pp. 156–169). Westmead, England: Grover. Study 321. fertility in developing countries]. Journal of Political Economy, 89, 423–425. 212. Chudzinski, L. Z., Simerly, C. B., & George, W. L. (1988). Faculty development programs: A literature review. 198. Chiswick, C. U. (1982). The distribution of income. In University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, College P. Richards (Ed.), Basic needs and government policies in of Agriculture. Study 569. Thailand (pp. 19–66). Singapore: ILO: Maruzen Asia. 213. Chudzinski, L. Z., Simerly, C. B., & George, W. L. 199. Chiswick, C. U. (1982). Education and labor markets in (1988). National assessment of faculty development needs in LDCs. In L. Anderson & D. Windham (Eds.), Education colleges of agriculture. University of Illinois at Urbana- and development (pp. 99–112). Lexington, MA: Lexington Study 569. Books. Champaign, College of Agriculture. 200. Chiswick, C. U. (1982). The value of a housewife’s time. 214. Clark, M. A., Kviz, F., Crittenden, K., & Warnecke, R. (1998). Psychosocial factors and smoking cessation Journal of Human Resources, 17, 413–425. behaviors among smokers who have and have not 201. Chiswick, C. U. (1983). Analysis of earnings from ever tried to quit. Health Education Research, 13(1), 145– household enterprises: Methodology and application 153. Studies 599, 899. to Thailand. Review of Economics and Statistics, 65, 658– 215. Clark, M. A., Kviz, F. J., Crittenden, K. S., Prohaska, T. 662. R., & Warnecke, R. B. (1995). Readiness of older adults 202. Chiswick, C. U. (1983). [Review of The political economy to stop smoking in a televised intervention. Journal of of productivity: Thai agricultural development 1880–1975]. Aging and Health, 7, 119–138. Studies 599, 899. Journal of Economic History, 42, 236–238. 216. Clary, L., & Retzer, K. (2004, March). Neighborhood 203. Chiswick, C. U. (1983). [Review of Revolution and the violence prevention evaluation: Final methodological report. rebirth of inequality: A theory applied to the national University of Illinois at Chicago, Survey Research revolution in Bolivia]. Journal of Economic Literature, 21, Laboratory. Study 939. 26–27. 217. Clemente, F., & Summers, G. F. (1973). A comment on 204. Chiswick, C. U. (1984). The impact of education policy Palmore and Whittington’s relative status of the aged. on economic development: Quantity, quality and Social Forces, 51, 434–435. Study 007. earnings of labor. Economics of Education Review, 3, 121– 218. Clemente, F., & Summers, G. F. (1973). Industrial 130. development and the elderly: A longitudinal analysis. 205. Cho, Y. I., Johnson, T., Farrar, I. C., & Pickup, L. (2000, Journal of Gerontology, 26, 479–483. Study 007. April). Alcohol, tobacco, and other drug use by Medicaid 219. Clemente, F., & Summers, G. F. (1974, June). Age and recipients in Illinois: Prevalence and treatment need, 1999. the journey to work. The Gerontologist, 14. Study 007. Chicago: Illinois Office of Alcoholism and Substance Abuse. Study 794. 220. Clemente, F., & Summers, G. F. (1975). The journey to work of rural industrial employees: A test of the 206. Cho, Y. I., Johnson, T. P., & Fendrich, M. (2001, March). metropolitan model of commuting. Social Forces, 54, Monthly variations in self-reports of alcohol Study 007. consumption. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 62, 268–272. 212–219. Study 784. 221. Cockerham, W. C, Lüschen, G., Abel, T., & Kunz, G. (1988). Sport, gesundheitstatus, und gesundheitskultur. 207. Cho, Y. I., Johnson, T. P., Graf, I., & Pickup, L. (2000, Deutscher Soziologentag: Zürich 1988. September). Alcohol, tobacco, and other drug use among In G. Eger (Ed.), Opladen: Westdeutscher Verlag. Studies 513, 559. youth entering juvenile correctional facilities in Illinois: Prevalence and treatment need, 2000. Chicago: Illinois 222. Cockerham, W. C., Kunz, G., & Lueschen, G. (1988). Office of Alcoholism and Substance Abuse. Study 823. Social stratification and health lifestyles in two systems of health care delivery: A comparison of the 208. Cho, Y. I., Johnson, T. P., Hart, H., Kelly-Wilson, L., & United States and West Germany. Journal of Health and Pickup, L. (2000, September). Alcohol, tobacco, and other Social Behavior, 29, 113–126. Studies 513, 559. drug use among Illinois Office of Mental Health clients: Prevalence and treatment need, 2000. Chicago: Illinois 223. Cockerham, W. C., Kunz, G., & Lueschen, G. (1988). Office of Alcoholism and Substance Abuse. Study 795. Psychological distress, perceived health status, and 209. Cho, Y. I., Johnson, T. P., Kelly-Wilson, L., & Pickup, L. physician utilization in America and West Germany. Social Science and Medicine, 26, 829–838. Studies 513, 559. (2001, July). Substance use in Illinois: Prevalence and treatment need, 1990–2000. Chicago: Illinois Office of 224. Cockerham, W. C., Kunz, G., & Lueschen, G. (1989). Alcoholism and Substance Abuse. Study 841. Alcohol use and psychological distress: A comparison

146 Forty-Year History of the Survey Research Laboratory of Americans and West Germans. International Journal of 237. Cowan, C. D., & Fay, R. E. III. (1984). Estimates of the Addictions, 24, 951–961. Studies 513, 559. undercount in the 1980 Census. American Statistical Association 1984 Proceedings of the Section on Survey 225. Cockerham, W. C., Kunz, G., & Lüschen, G. (1988). On Research Methods. concern with appearance, health beliefs, and eating habits: A reappraisal comparing Americans and West 238. Cowan, C. D., & Malec, D. (1984). Capture-recapture Germans. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 29, 265– models when both sources have clustered 269. Studies 513, 559. observations. American Statistical Association 1984 Proceedings of the Section on Survey Research Methods. 226. Cockerham, W. C., Kunz, G., & Lüschen, G. (1989). A (Also appeared in Journal of the American Statistical comparison of psychological distress in America and Association, 1986, 81, 347–353.) West Germany. In G. Lüschen, W. C. Cockerham, & G. Kunz (Eds.), Gesundheit und krankheit in der BRD und den 239. Cowan, C. D., Breakey, W. R., & Fisher, P. J. (1986). The USA/Health and illness in America and Germany: methodology of counting the homeless. American Comparative sociology of health conduct and public policy Statistical Association 1986 Proceedings of the Section on (pp. 83–96). Munich Germany: R. Oldenbourg Verlag. Survey Research Methods, 170–175. Studies 513, 559. 240. Cowan, C. D., Fendrich, M., Johnson, T. P., Fowler, F. J., 227. Cockerham, W. C., Kunz, G., Lueschen, G., & Spaeth, J. Harrison, L. D., & Sudman, S. (2000). Examining L. (1986). Symptoms, social stratification and self- substance abuse data collection methodologies. Rockville, responsibility for health in the United States and West MD: Westat. Germany. Social Science and Medicine, 22, 1263–1271. 241. Cowan, C. D., Turner, A. G., & Stanecki, K. (1986). Studies 513, 559. 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Public Opinion Quarterly, 36, 95–98. Administrative and Technical Support Operations Study 082. Office. 231. Coleman, T. (2003, October). Factors associated with 244. Crane, L. A., Leakey, T. A., Ehrsam, G., Rimer, B. K., & treatment need and receipt of services among youth entering Warnecke, R. B. (2000). Effectiveness and cost- the Illinois juvenile corrections system (NEDS Fact Sheet effectiveness of multiple outcalls to promote 153). Washington, DC: U. S. Department of Health and mammography among low-income women. Cancer Human Services, Center for Substance Abuse Epidemiology Biomarkers and Prevention, 9(9), 923–931. Treatment, National Evaluation Data Services. Study Studies 729, 829. 914. 245. Crane, L. A., Leakey, T. A., Rimer, B. K., Wolfe, P., 232. Cooper, J. K., & Johnson, T. P. (1990, January). Exercise Woodworth, M. A., & Warnecke, R. B. (1998). capacity in coal workers’ pneumoconiosis and analysis Effectiveness of a telephone outcall intervention to using causal modelling. British Journal of Industrial promote screening mammography among low-income Medicine, 47, 52–57. women. Preventive Medicine, 27(5), S39–S49. Studies 729, 829. 233. Courter, J. W. (1986). Who shops PYO in Illinois? Proceedings, 1986 Illinois Strawberry School (Horticulture 246. Crane, L. A., Leakey, T. A., Woodworth, M. A., Rimer, Series 58, pp. 65–66). University of Illinois at Urbana- B. K., Warnecke, R. B., Heller, D. et al. (1998). Cancer Champaign, College of Agriculture, Cooperative Information Service-initiated outcalls to promote Extension Service. Study 547. screening mammography among low-income and minority women: Design and feasibility testing. 234. Courter, J. W. (1989). Profile of the strawberry Preventive Medicine, 27(5), S29–S38. consumer in Illinois. 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154 Forty-Year History of the Survey Research Laboratory 471. Hildesheim, A., Brinton, L. A., Mallin, K., Lehman, H. 486. Johnson, T. P. (1990). Continuing education survey of F., Stolley, P., Savitz, D. A. et al. (1990). Barrier and certified registered nurse anesthetists: A report submitted to spermicidal contraceptive methods and risk of invasive the Council on Recertification of Nurse Anesthetists. cervical cancer. Epidemiology, 1(4), 266–272. Study 603. University of Illinois at Chicago, Survey Research Study 680. 472. Hippler, H.-J., Schwarz, N., & Sudman, S. (Eds.). (1987). Laboratory. Social information processing and survey methodology. New 487. Johnson, T. P. (1990). Continuing education survey of York: Springer. certified registered nurse anesthetists. Journal of the American Association of Nurse Anesthetists, 58, 473. Holbrook, A. L., Green, M. C., & Krosnick, J. A. (2003). 423–432. Study 680. Telephone versus face-to-face interviewing of national probability samples with long questionnaires: 488. Johnson, T. P. (1991, December). Mental health, social Comparisons of respondent satisficing and social relations and social selection: A longitudinal analysis. desirability response bias. Public Opinion Quarterly, Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 32, 408–423. 67(1), 79–125. 489. Johnson, T. P. (1996). Alcohol and drug use among 474. Hougland, J. G., Johnson, T. P., & Wolf, J. G. (1992, displaced persons: An overview. Substance Use and August). A fairly common ambiguity: Comparing Misuse, 31, 1853–1889. rating and approval measures in public opinion 490. Johnson, T. P. (1997). Introduction to the special issue. Sociological Focus, 25, polling. 257–271. Substance Use and Misuse, 32, 793–803. 475. Houston, M. J., & Sudman, S. (1975). A methodological 491. Johnson, T. P. (1998). Approaches to establishing assessment of the use of key informants. Social Science equivalence in cross-cultural and cross-national survey Research, 4, 151–164. research. ZUMA-Nachrichten Spezial, 3, 1–40. 476. Houston, M. J., & Sudman, S. (1977). Real estate agents 492. Johnson, T. P. (1998). The insider-outsider debate and as a source of information for home buyers. Journal of drug misuse research: Contributions of Philippe Consumer Affairs, 11(1), 110–121. Bourgois. Substance Use and Misuse, 33, 2367–2370. 477. Howe, H. L., Johnson, T. P., Lehnherr, M., Warnecke, R., 493. Johnson, T. P. (1998). Snowball sampling. In The Katterhagen, J. G., & Ford, L. (1995, March/April). encyclopedia of biostatistics (pp. 4141–4153). Chichester, Patterns of breast cancer treatment: A comparison of a UK: John Wiley. rural population with a CCOP sample. Cancer Control, 2, 113–120. Study 637. 494. Johnson, T. P. (1999). [Review of Beside the golden door: Policy, politics, and the homeless]. Journal of the American 478. Huber, J., & Spitze, G. (1980). Considering divorce: An Planning Association, 65, 442. expansion of Becker’s theory of marital instability. American Journal of Sociology, 86, 75–89. Studies 260, 327. 495. Johnson, T. P. (2000). [Review of Nonresponse in household interview surveys]. Statistical Methods in Medical 479. Huber, J., & Spitze, G. (1981). Wives’ employment, Research, 9, 73–74. household behaviors, and sex-role attitudes. Social Forces, 60, 150–169. 496. Johnson, T. P. (2003). Glossary. In J. Harkness, F. J. R. van de Vijver, & P. Ph. Mohler (Eds.), Cross-cultural 480. Huber, J., & Spitze, G. (1983). Sex stratification: Children, survey methods (pp. 347–357). New York: Wiley. housework, and jobs. New York: Academic Press. Studies 260, 327. 497. Johnson, T. P., & Barrett, M. E. (1991). Homelessness and substance use in Cook County. University of Illinois at 481. Huber, J., Rexroat, C., & Spitze, G. (1978). ERA in Chicago, Survey Research Laboratory. Studies 686, 706. Illinois. Social Forces, 57, 549–565. 498. Johnson, T. P., & Barrett, M. E. (1992). Substance use in 482. Hughes, T., Wilsniak, S., & Johnson, T. P. (2001). Sexual the adult population of Illinois: 1990. University of Illinois assault and alcohol abuse: A comparison of lesbians at Chicago, Survey Research Laboratory. Study 710. and heterosexual women. Journal of Substance Abuse, 13, 515–532. 499. Johnson, T. P., & Barrett, M. E. (1995). Substance use among homeless persons in Cook County, Illinois. 483. Illinois Department of Public Health. (1983). Survey International Journal of the Addictions, 3, 587–600. Study stats: Statewide health interview survey: 1982. (Illinois 686. Health Report Series: 83-2). Illinois Department of Public Health. Study 440. 500. Johnson, T. P., & Bowman, P. J. (2003). Cross-cultural sources of measurement error in substance use surveys. 484. Jason, L. A., Gruder, C. L., Buckenberger, L., Lesowitz, Substance Use and Misuse, 38, 1447–1490. T., Belgredan, J., Flay, B. R. et al. (1987). A 12-month follow-up of a worksite smoking cessation 501. Johnson, T. P., & Cooper, J. K. (1990, January). Exercise intervention. Health Education Research, 2, 185–194. capacity in coal workers’ pneumoconiosis and analysis Study 543. using causal modelling. British Journal of Industrial Medicine, 47, 52–57. 485. Jason, L. A., Gruder, C. L., Martino, S., Flay, B. R., Warnecke, R., & Thomas, N. (1987). Work site group 502. Johnson, T. P., & Fendrich, M. (2003). A validation of meetings and effectiveness of a televised smoking the Crowne-Marlowe social desirability scale. In 2002 cessation intervention. American Journal of Community Proceedings of the Section on Survey Research Methods (pp. Psychology, 15, 57–72. Study 543. 1661–1666). Alexandria, VA: American Statistical Association. Study 860.

1964–2004 155 503. Johnson, T. P., & Fendrich, M. (2004). Modeling the 516. Johnson, T. P., Cho, Y. I., Fendrich, M., Graf, I., Kelly- cognitive processing of drug use questions. In 2003 Wilson, L., & Pickup, L. (2004). Substance abuse Proceedings of the Section on Survey Research Methods treatment need and treatment utilization among youth [CD-ROM]. Alexandria, VA: American Statistical entering the Illinois juvenile corrections system. Association. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 26, 117–128. Studies 823, 914. 504. Johnson, T. P., & Garcia, L. (1998). Final evaluation of Proyecto Intercambio. University of Illinois at Chicago, 517. Johnson, T. P., Cho, Y. I., Fendrich, M., Graf, I., Kelly- Survey Research Laboratory. Study 772. Wilson, L., & Pickup, L. (2002). Substance abuse treatment need and treatment utilization among youth entering the 505. Johnson, T. P., & Hougland, J. G. (1990). The politics of Illinois juvenile corrections system. Washington, DC: U.S. research in applied settings: The case of survey research. Journal of Applied Sociology, 7, 25–33. Department of Health and Human Services, Center for Substance Abuse Treatment, National Evaluation Data 506. Johnson, T. P., & Moore, R. W. (1993, March). Gender Services. Studies 823, 914. interactions between interviewer and survey respondents: Issues of pornography and community 518. Johnson, T. P., Fendrich, M., Shaligram, C., & Garcy, A. (1998). A comparison of interviewer effects models in standards. Sex Roles, 28, 1–19. an RDD telephone survey of drug use. In 1997 507. Johnson, T. P., & Mott, J. A. (2001, August). The Proceedings of the Section on Survey Research Methods (pp. reliability of self-reported age of first substance use. 887–892). Alexandria, VA: American Statistical Addiction, 96, 1187–1198. Association. Study 793. 508. Johnson, T. P., & Orland, C. (2002, July). IDOT employee 519. Johnson, T. P., Fendrich, M., Shaligram, C., Garcy, A., & data abstraction analysis. Prepared for the Illinois Gillespie, S. (2000). An evaluation of the effects of Department of Transportation. University of Illinois at interviewer characteristics in an RDD telephone survey Chicago, Survey Research Laboratory. Study 874. of drug use. Journal of Drug Issues, 30, 77–101. Study 793. 509. Johnson, T. P., & Owens, L. (2004). Survey response rate 520. Johnson, T. P., Fendrich, M., Sudman, S., Wislar, J., & reporting in the professional literature. In 2003 Severns, E. (1999). An experiment to improve drug use Proceedings of the Section on Survey Research Methods reports during survey interviews. In 1998 Proceedings of [CD-ROM]. Alexandria, VA: American Statistical the Section on Survey Research Methods (pp. 888–893). Association. Alexandria, VA: American Statistical Association. Study 766. 510. Johnson, T. P., & Parsons, J. A. (1994). Measuring interviewer effects on self-reports from homeless 521. Johnson, T. P., Ford, L., Warnecke, R. B., Nayfield, S., persons. In 1993 Proceedings of the Section on Survey Kaluzny, A., Cutter, G. et al. (1994, September). Effect Research Methods, Volume 2 (pp. 1189–1194). Alexandria, of an NCI clinical alert on breast cancer practice VA: American Statistical Association. Study 686. patterns. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 12, 1783–1788. Classic papers and current comments: 511. Johnson, T. P., & Parsons, J. A. (1994, February). (Reprinted in Highlights of clinical breast cancer research Interviewer effects on self-reported substance use [Vol. 1, No. 1, among homeless persons. Addictive Behaviors, 19, 83–93. pp. 19–24]. Boston: W. B. Saunders.) Study 637. Study 686. 522. Johnson, T. P., Freels, S. A., Parsons, J. A., & VanGeest, 512. Johnson, T. P., & Parsons, J. A. (1998). Results of the 1998 J. B. (1997, April). Substance abuse and homelessness: Illinois Poll regarding higher education and the University of Social selection or social adaptation? Addiction, 92, 437– Study 686. Illinois. University of Illinois at Chicago, Survey 445. Research Laboratory. Study 800. 523. Johnson, T., Graf, I., & Owens, L. (2002, January). 513. Johnson, T. P., & van de Vijver, F. (2003). Social Assessing the needs of the homeless in metropolitan Chicago: Client survey. Final methodological report. desirability in cross-cultural surveys. In J. Harkness, F. University of Study J. R. van de Vijver, & P. Ph. Mohler (Eds.), Cross-cultural Illinois at Chicago, Survey Research Laboratory. 866. survey methods (pp. 195–204). New York: Wiley. 514. Johnson, T. P., & Warnecke, R. B. (1992). Relationship of 524. Johnson, T. P., Harkness, J., Mohler, P., van de Vijver, patient characteristics, physician characteristics, and F., & Oscan, Y. Z. (2001). Respondent cultural CCOP organizational context to physician practice orientations and survey participation: The effects of 2000 Proceedings of patterns: A series of analytic models. In A. D. Kaluzny, individualism and collectivism. In the Section on Survey Research Methods R. B. Warnecke, & D. Gillings (Eds.), Assessment of the (pp. 941–946). implementation and impact of the Community Clinical Alexandria, VA: American Statistical Association. Oncology Program—Phase II (Vol II, Ch. 2, pp. 1–57). 525. Johnson, T. P., Hougland, J. G., & Moore, R. W. (1991). Chapel Hill, NC: Sheps Center for Health Services Sex differences in reporting sensitive behavior: A Research, University of North Carolina. Study 637. comparison of interview methods. Sex Roles, 24, 669– 515. Johnson, T. P., Aschkenasy, J. R., Herbers, M. R., & 680. Gillenwater, S. A. (1996). Self-reported risk factors for 526. Johnson, T. P., Jobe, J. B., O’Rourke, D., Sudman, S., AIDS among homeless youth. AIDS Education and Warnecke, R., Chávez, N. et al. (1997, December). Prevention, 8, 308–322. Dimensions of self-identification among multiracial and multiethnic respondents in survey interviews. Evaluation Review, 21, 671–687. Study 748.

156 Forty-Year History of the Survey Research Laboratory 527. Johnson, T. P., Jobe, J., O’Rourke, D., Sudman, S., 536. Johnson, T. P., O’Rourke, D., Owens, L., & Sudman, S. Chávez, N., Warnecke, R. et al. (1996). Dimensions of (2002). Culture and survey nonresponse. In R. M. self-identification among multi-racial and multi-ethnic Groves, D. A. Dillman, J. L. Eltinge, & R. J. A. Little respondents in survey interviews. In 1996 Proceedings of (Eds.), Survey nonresponse (pp. 55–69). New York: the Annual Research Conference and Technology Wiley. Interchange (pp. 157–175). Washington, DC: Census 537. Johnson, T., Orland, C., & Fendrich, M. (2003, June). Bureau. Study 748. TOPPS II reliability and validity study: Final report. 528. Johnson, T. P., Mitra, A., Newman, R., & Horm, J. Prepared for the Illinois Office of Alcoholism and (1993). Problems of definition in sampling special Substance Abuse. University of Illinois at Chicago, populations: The case of homeless persons. Evaluation Survey Research Laboratory. Study 828. Practice, 14, Study 686. 119–126. 538. Johnson, T. P., Parker, V., & Clements, C. (2001). 529. Johnson, T. P., O’Rourke, D., & Severns, E. (1999). Detection and prevention of data falsification in survey Effects of question context and response order on research. Survey Research, 32(3), 1–2. 1998 Proceedings of the Section on attitude questions. In 539. Johnson, T. P., Parsons, J. A., Warnecke, R. B., & Survey Research Methods (pp. 857–860). Alexandria, VA: Kaluzny, A. D. (1993). Dimensions of mail American Statistical Association. Study 800. questionnaires and response quality. Sociological Focus, 530. Johnson, T. P., O’Rourke, D., Burris, J. E., & Warnecke, 26, 271–275. Study 737. R. B. (2004). Improving the validity of self-reports of 540. Johnson, T. P., Sagun, M. A., Dombrow, J., Lee, J. M., & cancer screening behaviors. In 2003 Proceedings of the Cho, Y. I. (1999). Metropolitan Chicago regional rental Section on Survey Research Methods [CD-ROM]. market analysis: Survey methodological report. University Alexandria, VA: American Statistical Association. of Illinois at Chicago, Survey Research Laboratory. Study 840. Study 834. 531. Johnson, T. P., O’Rourke, D., Chávez, N., Lacey, L., 541. Johnson, T. P., Severns, E., & Balch, G. (1995). UIC staff Sudman, S., Warnecke, R. et al. (1994). Social cognition perceptions of the Employee Development Program (EDP): and responses to health survey questions among Final report. University of Illinois at Chicago, Survey minority populations: Preliminary evidence. In Research Laboratory. Study 767. Proceedings of the 1993 Public Health Conference on Records and Statistics (pp. 357–362). DHHS Publication No. 542. Johnson, T. P., Stallones, L., Garrity, T. J., & Marx, M. B. (PHS) 94-1214. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for (1990–91). Components of self-rated health among Health Statistics. Study 718. adults: Analysis of multiple data sources. International Quarterly of Community Health Education, 11, 29–41. 532. Johnson, T. P., O’Rourke, D., Chávez, N., Sudman, S., Warnecke, R., & Horm, J. (1996). Cultural similarities 543. Johnson, T. P., VanGeest, J. B., & Cho, Y. I. (2002). and differences in social cognition when answering Migration and substance use: Evidence from the survey questions. In 1995 Proceedings of the Section on National Health Interview Survey. Substance Use and Social Statistics (pp. 47–52). Alexandria, VA: American Misuse, 37, 943–973. Statistical Association. Study 718. 544. Johnson, T. P., Warnecke, R. B., & Aitken, M. J. (1996). 533. Johnson, T. P., O’Rourke, D., Chávez, N., Sudman, S., Changing practice and referral patterns. In A. D. Warnecke, R., & Horm, J. (1996). Cultural variations in Kaluzny, R. B. Warnecke, & Associates (Eds.), Managing the interpretation of health survey questions. In Health a health care alliance (pp. 105–128). San Francisco: Jossey- Survey Research Methods Conference Proceedings (pp. 57– Bass. Study 637. 62). DHHS Publication No. (PHS) 96-1013. Hyattsville, 545. Jones, C. J., Brinton, L. A., Hamman, R. F., Stolley, P. D., Study 718. MD: National Center for Health Statistics. Lehman, H. F., Levine, R. S. et al. (1990). Risk factors for 534. Johnson, T. P., O’Rourke, D., Chávez, N., Sudman, S., in situ cervical cancer: Results from a case-control Warnecke, R., Lacey, L. et al. (1997). Social cognition study. Cancer Research, 50(12), 3657–3662. Study 603. and responses to survey questions among culturally 546. Joyce, A. M., O’Rourke, T. W., & O’Rourke, D. M. (1976). diverse populations. In L. Lyberg, P. Biemer, M. Assessment of the perceived impact of taxation upon Collins, L. Decker, E. DeLeuw, N. Schwarz, & D. Trewin smoking behavior—Implications for health education. Survey measurement and process quality (Eds.), (pp. 87– Journal of Drug Education, 6, 231–240. 113). New York: John Wiley. 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Optimum cluster designs within a sampling of geographically clustered special primary unit using combined telephone screening and populations. Journal of Marketing Research, 22, 20–29. Journal of the American face-to-face interviewing. 974. Sudman, S. (1985). Mail surveys of reluctant Statistical Association, 73, 300–304. professionals. Evaluation Review, 9, 349–360. 955. Sudman, S. (1978). [Review of Mail and telephone surveys: 975. Sudman, S. (1985). [Discussion of Strategies for complex The total design method]. Rural Sociology, 43, 730. sampling problems, 3]. American Statistical Association 1985 956. Sudman, S. (1978). [Review of Selecting and ordering Proceedings of the Section on Survey Research Methods, populations: A new statistical methodology]. Sociology and 225–226. Social Research, 63. 976. Sudman, S. (1986). Designing questionnaires to 957. Sudman, S. (1980). [Discussion of Variations in response improve CME effectiveness. Möbius, 6(4), 61–66. and randomized response models]. American Statistical 977. Sudman, S. (1986). Do exit polls influence voting Association 1980 Proceedings of the Section on Survey behavior? Public Opinion Quarterly, 50, 331–339. Research Methods, 317–318. 978. Sudman, S. (1986). Public opinion polls. In Encyclopedia 958. Sudman, S. (1980). Improving the quality of shopping of statistical sciences (Vol. 7, pp. 354–360). New York: center sampling. Journal of Marketing Research, 17, 423– Wiley. 431. 979. Sudman, S. (1986). [Review of Data construction in social 959. Sudman, S. (1980). Reducing response error in surveys. surveys]. Contemporary Sociology, 15, 447–449. The Statistician, 29, 237–273. 980. Sudman, S. (1986). The use of network samples in 960. Sudman, S. (1980). [Review of Survey sampling and estimating incidence of missing children. American measurement]. Contemporary Sociology, 9, 276–277. Statistical Association 1986 Proceedings of the Section on 961. Sudman, S. (1981). 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Survey research and ethics. Advances in consumer research: Proceedings of the Association for 1016. Sudman, S., Bradburn, N. M., & Gockel, G. (1969). The Consumer Research Annual Conference, Denver, October extent and characteristics of racially integrated housing Journal of Business, 42, 1997, 25. in the United States. 50–92. 1001. Sudman, S. (2001). Examining substance abuse data 1017. Sudman, S., & Cowan, C. D. (1985). Questionnaire collection methodologies. Journal of Drug Issues, 31(3), design activities in government statistics offices. Journal of Official Statistics, 1, 695–716. 99–118. 1002. Sudman, S. (Ed.). (1981). Health survey research methods 1018. Sudman, S., & Ferber, R. (1971). Some experimentation (DHHS Publication No. [PHS] 81-3268). Study 329. with recall procedures and diaries for consumer expenditures. American Statistical Association 1971 1003. Sudman, S., & Andersen, R. M. (1977). 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1964–2004 173 1020. Sudman, S., & Ferber, R. (1974). Metodi di rilevazione memory of Robert Ferber. Champaign, IL: University of delle spese familiari. Mercurio, 17(4), 53–57. Illinois, Bureau of Economic and Business Research. 1021. Sudman, S., & Ferber, R. (1974). A comparison of 1035. Sudman, S., Warnecke, R. B., Johnson, T. P., O’Rourke, alternative procedures for collecting consumer D., & Davis, A. M. (1994). Cognitive aspects of expenditure data for frequently purchased products. reporting cancer prevention examinations and tests. Journal of Marketing Research, 11, 128–135. (Reprinted in Vital and Health Statistics, Series 6, No. 7 (DHHS R. Ferber [Ed.], Readings in survey research [pp. 487–502]. Publication No. PHS 94-1083). Washington, DC: U.S. Chicago: American Marketing Association.) Study 119. Government Printing Office. Study 707. 1022. Sudman, S., & Ferber, R. (1979). Consumer panels. 1036. Sudman, S., Warnecke, R. B., Johnson, T. 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