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MTPC THESIS.Pdf Tesi doctoral Universitat de Barcelona Facultat de Biologia-Departament d’Ecologia Programa de doctorat: Ecologia. Bienni 2001-2003 ECOLOGIA DE LES COMUNITATS DE QUIRONÒMIDS EN RIUS MEDITERRANIS DE REFERÈNCIA ECOLOGY OF CHIRONOMIDAE COMMUNITIES IN MEDITERRANEAN REFERENCE STREAMS Memòria presentada per Tura Puntí i Casadellà per optar al títol de Doctor per la Universitat de Barcelona, sota la direcció dels doctors Narcís Prat i Fornells i Maria Rieradevall i Sant. Tura Puntí i Casadellà Barcelona, Novembre del 2007 El director de la tesi: La directora de la tesi: Dr. Narcís Prat i Fornells Dra. Maria Rieradevall i Sant Catedràtic d’Ecologia Professora titular d’Ecologia Facultat de Biologia (UB) Facultat de Biologia (UB) Aquesta tesi ha estat finançada gràcies a una beca predoctoral otorgada pel Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología a Tura Puntí i Casadellà, en el marc del projecte GUADALMED 2 (REN2001-3438-C07-01/HID). Cuando salto por el acantilado una abrumada espuma se formará, burbujas de aire, de vida me llenarán. La luz atraviesa mi corazón dando suerte a todo tu interior. Bañate conmigo y te mojaré, vida tengo, vida soy. Quiero esperarte, pero fluyo y nada me detiene. No me llenes de tus negreces, que los malos sueños no llegen a mi cauce. Vive el agua sueña ríos i torrentes vacios de muerte, llénalos de ti. “Solilluna” A la màgia de la vida Índex Agraïments ................................................................................................................................................... I Introducció.................................................................................................................................................V Context general i marc teòric................................................................................................................VII Els rius mediterranis ..............................................................................................................................IX Condicions de referència i el projecte GUADALMED ............................................................................X Els quironòmids .................................................................................................................................. XIV OBJECTIUS I ESTRUCTURA DE LA TESI ...................................................................................... XVII Llistat d’ articles publicats o enviats per la seva publicació ................................................................ XX Chapter 1 Concordance between Ecotypes and Macroinvertebrate Assemblages in Mediterranean Streams ..............................................................................................................................1 Resum ....................................................................................................................................................3 Abstract...................................................................................................................................................4 Chapter 2 Chironomidae Assemblages in Reference Condition Mediterranean Streams: Environmental Factors, Seasonal Variability and Ecotypes ..................................................................7 Resum ....................................................................................................................................................9 Abstract.................................................................................................................................................10 Introduction...........................................................................................................................................11 Methods ................................................................................................................................................12 Results..................................................................................................................................................18 Discussion ............................................................................................................................................26 Chapter 3 Optima and Tolerances of Chironomidae in Mediterranean Reference Streams........35 Resum ..................................................................................................................................................37 Abstract.................................................................................................................................................38 Introduction...........................................................................................................................................39 Methods ................................................................................................................................................40 Results..................................................................................................................................................45 Discussion ............................................................................................................................................55 Chapter 4 Chironomid Community Structure in Streams of three Mediterranean Climate Regions: Taxonomical Composition and Patterns of Richness and Abundance ..............................................67 Resum ..................................................................................................................................................69 Abstract.................................................................................................................................................70 Introduction...........................................................................................................................................71 Methods ................................................................................................................................................73 Results..................................................................................................................................................80 Discussion ............................................................................................................................................89 Discussió General i Conclusions ........................................................................................................99 Els factors ambientals i els quironòmids, i la seva relació amb les escales espacials ......................101 L’importància de l’escala temporal .....................................................................................................102 Els ecotipus dels rius mediterranis i la validació amb les comunitats de macroinvertebrats i de quironòmids ........................................................................................................................................103 Propostes per una recerca futura.......................................................................................................105 CONCLUSIONS .................................................................................................................................107 Bibliografia ...........................................................................................................................................109 Agraïments I Agraïments Diuen que tot va començar a l’aigua no? Doncs a aquesta tesi si li hagués de posar un començament me n’aniria a una gota d’aigua... una gota d’aigua reivindicativa que cridava per aturar el transvasament de l’Ebre... ... quan jo em vestia de gota d’aigua és quan em vaig començar a interessar per l’estudi i la conservació dels rius, quan el moviment per una nova cultura de l’aigua es començava a fer sentir, i quan socialment hi va haver una gran explosió reivindicativa, on l’estat ecològic dels rius estava en boca de tothom (o quasi). En aquest moment és quan vaig conèixer a en Narcís, el que ha estat després un dels meus directors de tesi, i a qui des de sempre he admirat moltíssim per la seva gran capacitat de fer ciència i que mai ha deixat de creure en la transformació social donant un punt de vista més aplicat a l’ecologia... i està clar pel seu amor incondicional pels quironòmids que comparteix tant entusiasmadament amb la Maria! Si no hagués estat per aquesta passió compartida ben segur que no hagués fet mai una tesi de quironòmids! Però em vaig llançar, si! amb l’impuls de la gota d’aigua que volia conèixer més dels nostres petits i grans rius i més dels nostres grans i petits quironòmids. Gràcies Narcís per la teva capacitat resolutiva, pel teu entusiasme, per la teva visió holística, i gràcies Maria, pel teu ull clínic, per qüestionar lo inqüestionable i als dos per la oportunitat i confiança que m’heu donat d’endinsar-me en aquest món, i per fer-me creure que si, que els quiros es poden identificar, i amb alegria! Una de les fonts d’inspiració principals d’aquesta tesi i a qui vull agrair tot el suport que m’ha donat durant tot aquest temps ha estat la Núria Bonada. Moltíssimes gràcies Núria per estar sempre aquí, sobretot darrera els mails entre les estades d’una o de l’altra, per tenir sempre una resposta i un cop de mà. Ha estat una gran sort coincidir amb tu i amb el teu somriure! I una altra gran sort ha estat coincidir amb tots els ecobills... sense aquest grup de treball, tot hagués estat molt diferent. Gràcies als de la primera etapa (Caro, Rosa, Toni) els del mig (Mireia, Cesc, Blanca,
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