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57 (2-4) 2011 Bulletin Des Séances Mededelingen Der Zittingen

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57 (2-4) 2011 Bulletin Des Séances Mededelingen Der Zittingen Bulletin des Séances CONTENTS Mededelingen der Zittingen Scientific Papers Section of Human Sciences: G. VANTHEMSCHE. — From the “Belgian Colonial Biography” to the “Biographical Dictionary of Overseas Belgians” ................................................................................. 215 S. HENDRICKX. — Hunting and Social Complexity in Predynastic Egypt ......................... 237 W. GHEYLE et al. — The Unique Frozen Tombs of the Scythians Threatened by Climate Change: Archaeological Survey and Permafrost Research in the Altay Mountains .... 265 M. VAN DE VELDE. — Documentation and Description of Endangered Languages and their Contribution to the Research of Linguistic Universals ........................................ 277 Académie Royale Section of Natural and Medical Sciences: T. SMITH. — Contribution of Asia to the Evolution and Paleobiogeography of the Earliest des Sciences d’Outre-Mer Modern Mammals ......................................................................................................... 293 M. JANGOUX. — An Experiment of Applied Zoology: Holothurian Cultivation System in Madagascar ................................................................................................................... 307 Sous la Haute Protection du Roi M. LOUETTE. — Is it Important to Study Tropical African Bird Species? ......................... 323 C. POLET. — Health and Diet of Ancient Easter Islanders: Contribution of Palaeopathology, Dental Microwear and Stable Isotopes ......................................................................... 333 M. FORT. — The Himalayas: An Outdoor Laboratory for Geomorphologists .................. 355 Koninklijke Academie S. GEERTS. — The Struggle against Tsetse Flies and Animal Trypanosomiasis in Africa . 375 Section of Technical Sciences: voor Overzeese Wetenschappen G. DEMARÉE & A. OGILVIE. — Climate-related Information in Labrador/Nunatsiavut: Evidence from Moravian Missionary Journals ............................................................. 391 L. H. NUNES. — An Overview of Recent Natural Disasters in South America ................. 409 Onder de Hoge Bescherming van de Koning BULLETIN ARSOM MEDEDELINGEN KAOW MEDEDELINGEN BULLETIN ARSOM 57 242011 ISSN 0001-4176 57 (2-4) 2011 AVIS AUX AUTEURS BERICHT AAN DE AUTEURS L’Académie publie les études dont la De Academie geeft de studies uit waar- valeur scientifique a été reconnue par la van de wetenschappelijke waarde door de Classe intéressée. betrokken Klasse erkend werd. TABLE DES MATIERES — INHOUDSTAFEL Les textes publiés par l’Académie De teksten door de Academie gepubli- n’engagent que la responsabilité de leurs ceerd verbinden slechts de verantwoor- Communications scientifiques auteurs. delijkheid van hun auteurs. Wetenschappelijke mededelingen Classe des Sciences humaines / Klasse voor Menswetenschappen: G. VANTHEMSCHE. — Van de Belgische Koloniale Biografie naar het Biografisch Woordenboek van Belgen Overzee ............................................................................... 215 S. HENDRICKX. — Hunting and Social Complexity in Predynastic Egypt ......................... 237 W. GHEYLE et al. — The Unique Frozen Tombs of the Scythians Threatened by Climate Change: Archaeological Survey and Permafrost Research in the Altay Mountains .... 265 M. VAN DE VELDE. — De documentatie en beschrijving van bedreigde talen en hun bijdrage aan het onderzoek naar taalkundige universalia ............................................. 277 Classe des Sciences naturelles et médicales / Klasse voor Natuur- en Geneeskundige Wetenschappen: T. SMITH. — Contribution of Asia to the Evolution and Paleobiogeography of the Earliest Modern Mammals ......................................................................................................... 293 M. JANGOUX. — Une expérience de zoologie appliquée: l’holothuriculture à Madagascar 307 M. LOUETTE. — Is it Important to Study Tropical African Bird Species? ......................... 323 C. POLET. — Health and Diet of Ancient Easter Islanders: Contribution of Palaeopathology, Dental Microwear and Stable Isotopes ......................................................................... 333 M. FORT. — L’Himalaya, un laboratoire à ciel ouvert pour géomorphologues ................. 355 S. GEERTS. — The Struggle against Tsetse Flies and Animal Trypanosomiasis in Africa . 375 Classe des Sciences techniques / Klasse voor Technische Wetenschappen: G. DEMARÉE & A. OGILVIE. — Climate-related Information in Labrador/Nunatsiavut: Evidence from Moravian Missionary Journals ............................................................. 391 L. H. NUNES. — An Overview of Recent Natural Disasters in South America ................. 409 © Royal Academy for Overseas Sciences. All rights reserved. Abonnement 2011: 70,00 € avenue Louise 231 Louizalaan 231 B-1050 Bruxelles (Belgique) B-1050 Brussel (België) Bulletin des Séances Mededelingen der Zittingen Académie Royale des Sciences d’Outre-Mer Sous la Haute Protection du Roi Koninklijke Academie voor Overzeese Wetenschappen Onder de Hoge Bescherming van de Koning ISSN 0001-4176 57 (2-4) 2011 COMMUNICATIONS SCIENTIFIQUES WETENSCHAPPELIJKE MEDEDELINGEN Classe des Sciences humaines Klasse voor Menswetenschappen Bull. Séanc. Acad. R. Sci. Outre-Mer Meded. Zitt. K. Acad. Overzeese Wet. 57 (2-4 – 2011): 215-235 Van de Belgische Koloniale Biografie naar het Biografisch Woordenboek van Belgen Overzee* [1]** door Guy VANTHEMSCHE*** TREFWOORDEN. — Geschiedschrijving; Kolonialisme; Congo; Naslagwerken; Biografie. SAMENVATTING. — In deze tekst blikken we terug op de ontstaansgeschiedenis en de kenmerken van de Belgische Koloniale Biografie, een bekend naslagwerk dat in het leven werd geroepen door het Koninklijk Belgisch Koloniaal Instituut, de voorloper van onze Academie. We leggen uit waarom beslist werd om een eindpunt te zetten achter de bestaande reeks en een nieuw onderzoeksinstrument te lanceren, het Biografisch Woorden- boek van de Belgen Overzee. We stellen ook de nieuwe elektronische omgeving voor waarin het zal gepubliceerd worden. MOTS-CLES. — Historiographie; Colonialisme; Congo; Ouvrages de référence; Biographie. RESUME. — De la Biographie coloniale belge au Dictionnaire biographique des Belges d’Outre-Mer. — Dans ce texte, nous jetons un regard rétrospectif sur la genèse et les principales caractéristiques de la Biographie coloniale belge, ouvrage de référence bien connu créé par l’Institut royal colonial belge, précurseur de notre Académie. Nous expliquons pourquoi la décision a été prise de clôturer cette série et de la remplacer par un nouvel instrument de recherche, le Dictionnaire biographique des Belges d’Outre- Mer. Nous présentons également le nouvel environnement électronique dans lequel il sera publié. De aandacht voor „Grote Belgen overzee” vóór de start van de Belgische Koloniale Biografie In de opbouw van nationale identiteiten speelt het verleden een grote rol [2]. Dat ge(re)construeerde verleden bestaat uit allerhande markante gebeurtenissen en uit grote individuen. Beide elementen werden geacht de „eigenheid” van de natie te reflecteren. De roemrijke figuren spelen daarbij een dubbele rol. Enerzijds symboliseren ze de essentie van de nationale kwaliteiten, anderzijds hebben ze * Mededeling voorgesteld tijdens de zitting van de Klasse voor Menswetenschappen van 8 november 2011. Tekst ontvangen op 9 november 2011. ** De cijfers tussen haakjes [ ] verwijzen naar de noten en referenties, pp. 231-235. *** Lid van de Academie en voorzitter van de Commissie voor de Biografie; Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Faculteit der Letteren en Wijsbegeerte, Vakgroep Geschiedenis, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussel (België). — 216 — ook bijgedragen tot de opbouw ervan. Die complexe omgang met feiten en per- soonlijkheden uit het verleden heeft zich uiteraard ook voorgedaan in het jonge België [3]. In de 19de eeuw hebben de politieke autoriteiten en de culturele elites (bewust of onbewust) bijgedragen tot de constructie van een pantheon van Grote Belgen uit het verleden. Die gloires nationales moesten bijdragen tot de morele verheffing van de huidige en toekomstige generaties. Voor die helden moesten dan ook passende monumenten worden opgericht. Dat gebeurde soms letterlijk: standbeelden en bustes sierden de mooie plekken van steden en gebou- wen. Maar er werden ook papieren monumenten opgetrokken. Biografieën, die soms regelrechte hagiografieën waren, voegden zich naast de kleinere, meer bescheiden notities die vervat waren in tal van naslagwerken die min of meer „wetenschappelijk” waren. Op het einde van de 19de eeuw verkreeg de jonge Belgische natie ook een koloniale dimensie [4]. Vrij onverwacht en eerder toevallig maakte Congo voort- aan deel uit van de nationale lotsbestemming. Na jarenlange inspanningen was de tweede koning der Belgen, Leopold II, de soevereine vorst geworden van een enorm gebied in het hart van centraal Afrika. Dat was gebeurd zonder veel open- lijke hulp van de Belgische politieke autoriteiten, in het begin zelfs tegen hun wil in. Geleidelijk aan was de publieke steun voor die koloniale onderneming echter groter geworden. Tussen 1885 en 1908 hadden tal van Belgen ook lijfelijk deelgenomen aan de opbouw van de Onafhankelijke Congostaat. Het ging om enkele duizenden individuen: militairen, missionarissen, zakenlieden, geleerden, avonturiers. Velen stierven, ofwel in militaire operaties, ofwel (meestal) geveld door ziekte. In 1908, toen België dat gebied officieel als kolonie overnam, wer- den de metropolitaanse overheden en bevolking
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