Annex 12 Presentation Materials for Technical Training in Japan Today’s Topic
・Definition of Climate Change Project on ODA ・Japan’s Official Development Assistance on Climate JICA’s Assistance on Climate Change Change: Related Organizations ・Recent development of Japan’s Official Assistance on Climate Change ・Japan’s Commitment of Assistance on Climate
October 30, 2012 Change:First-Start Financing ・JICA (Overview, Mainstreaming Climate Change, Hiroshi ENOMOTO Deputy Director, Office for Climate Change, programs) Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) ・JICA activities on Climate Change (Example)
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Japan’s Official Development Assistance on Definition of Climate Change Project in ODA Climate Change Related Organizations
DAC/OECD Marker: The Rio marker on climate ・ Ministry of Foreign Affairs change relates to climate change mitigation only, with ・ Ministry Economy Trade, Industry no data currently available on ODA spending for NEDO (New Energy and Industrial Technology climate change adaptation. In December 2009, Development Organization) Mainly Energy Field (F/S DAC Members approved a similar marker to track ODA in support of climate change adaptation. This new studies, Demonstration Project) climate change adaptation marker will complement the http://www.nedo.go.jp/english/index.html existing DAC marker on climate change mitigation, and ・ Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries thus allow presentation of a full picture of all aid in Forestry and Forestry Products Research Institute support of developing countries’ efforts to address ・ Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism climate change.Definition by OECD/DAC is distributed.
3 4 Japan’s Official Development Assistance on Climate Change Related Organizations Recent development of Japan’s Assistance on Climate Change ・ Ministry of Environment ・ Japan’s Vision and Actions toward Low-Carbon National Institute for Environment Growth and Climate Resilient World(2011.11) Global Environmental Center Organization ・ African Green Growth Strategy(2011.11) Feasibility Studies on New Mechanism(Bilateral ・ More involvement of private sector Offset PPP(Public-Private Partnership), BOT(Base of Credit Mechanism (BOCM) ) and on CDM/JI Economic Pyramid) Institute for Global Environmental Strategy ・ Japanese Company (Promotion of Investment) Overseas Environmental Cooperation Center in Asia, India…. ・ New Mechanism(Bilateral Offset Credit Mechanism (BOCM) ) 5 6
◆Japan’s Fast-Start Finance (FSF) 1.AboutJICA Japan has been strongly supporting sustainable developments and •ThecurrentJICAwasinauguratedinOctober2008withamergerof actions on climate change in developing countries. 1)TechnicalCooperationoftheexistingJICA, Japan announced its Fast-Start Finance (FSF) of 15 billion dollars, up to 2)LoanAidoperation(ODAloansandPrivateSectorInvestmentFinance 2012, which represents around a half of global commitments under the (PSIF))oftheJapanBankforInternationalCooperation(JBIC),and Cancun Agreements. Japan’s FSF is to assist developing countries, 3)alargeportionofGrantAidimplementingoperationoftheMinistryof especially those making efforts to reduce GHG emissions and/or that are ForeignAffairs(MOFA). particularly vulnerable to climate change. The total amount 15 billion dollars has been channeled through ODA (around 7.2 billion dollars) and •JICAprovidesstrategicandeffectiveODAthroughintegrated,comprehensiveand other official flows (OOF) (around 7.8 billion dollars) for both mitigation seamlessimplementationofTechnicalCooperation,LoanAidandGrantAidasoneof and adaptation. thelargestODAexecutingagencyintheworld. JICA Grant Aid※ Japan’s Fast-Start Finance (FSF) FY 2011 Budget $12.5 billion (as of 29 February, 2012) Bilateral MOFA Aid Grant:151.9 bil.JPY （Around 70% is Technical Cooperation implemented by JICA） ODA $8.16billion ＯＤＡ ＪＩＣＡ (Official Technical Cooperation: Mitigation OOF Mitigation Development 148.1bil. JPY $5.48billion and Loan Aid (ODA loan) (General Account Expenditure Adaptation $5.07billion Assistance) Budget） $1.51billion REDD+ ＪＢＩＣ $580million Adaptation Bilateral Loan: $1.1.7billion Multilateral 950 bil. JPY Aid International Authority （Loan and Investment Plan ）
※Non-project Assistance and Emergency Grant Assistance remain with MOFA 8 2. Sustainable Development and Low-Carbon / Climate Resilient 3.JICA’s Approach: Low-Carbon and Climate Resilient Development Actions in Developing Countries Cooperation ◆Direction of JICA Operation Addressing Climate Change Primarily JICA’s taking actions to combat climate change are based upon the following principles. Adaptation Adaptation & Urban Development Comprehensive Climate Change, Climate Compatible Mitigation Assistance A Global Agenda Sustainable Development Primarily Health & Sanitation ＜Mitigation: Low-carbon Society＞ Mitigation Energy, Transport, Forestry, Water Disaster ¾ Strategic Mitigation Actions Waste Management, etc. resource prevention （NAMA、MRV、REDD+, etc.）* Agriculture ¾ Low-carbon Technologies Cooperation
Infrastructure Assistance （Renewables, Energy Efficiency, etc.) Technical
Education Financial Reduction of Forest / & Social Assets ¾ Efficient Use of Resources, etc. Equitable （Mass Transit, Smart-grid, etc.） GHG Growth Ecosystem Emission Transport Buildings Policy & Institutional Reform, Responding Responding Sustainable Finance Mechanism, to Climate to Climate Development Energy Industry Human Resource Development Change ¾ Modeling / Vulnerability Assessment Enhancing Rural Development Human Waste （Climate Prediction, GIS**, etc.） Adaptive Security Capacity Management Policy Dialogue ¾ Enhancing Adaptive Capacity （Awareness, Early Warning System, etc.) Public-Private ¾ Resilient Infrastructure Sectors in need of adaptation and with potential of mitigation Partnership （Irrigation, Flood Control, etc.） are critical components of sustainable development Research / Studies Disaster Risk Management, ¾ climate actions in developing countries must be ＜Adaptation: Climate Resilient Society＞ Water, Agriculture. Sanitation, etc. PDCA Cycle: Four-step (Plan, Do ,Check and Action) management cycle ,which continuously improves the processes implemented in the context of sustainable development 9 **MRV (measurable, reportable and Verifiable) : Approach which enables to measure , report and certificate the amount of GHG reduction due to 10 mitigation projects
4.Policy Based Assistance for Climate Change Policy in Developing Countries 5.Climate Finance Impact Tool (JICA Climate-FIT) Low Carbon and Resilient Development Program is an innovative scheme to facilitate the implementation of climate change policies through financial and technical assistance for developing countries in alignment with their national development policies and strategies. The initiation of Low Carbon and Resilient Development Program is by first formulating the policy JICA has prepared Climate Finance Impact Tool (JICA Climate- matrix of multi-year policy pillars based on policy dialogues. Policy Matrix Example FIT) ,a reference document which contains the following Pillar 1 : Key Policy issues components in order to facilitate consideration of policies and 1.1: Mainstreaming climate change 1.2: Financing scheme and policy 1.3: Greenhouse gas emission and in the national development program coordination for climate change absorption measurement formulation of projects for assisting climate change related measures in developing countries.
Pillar 2 : Mitigation Pillar 3 : Adaptation 1.Methodologies for implementing measurement, reporting and 2.1: Forestry 2.2: Energy 3.1: Climate forecasting and impact and ・Forestry management and ・Renewable energy verification (MRV) related to quantitative evaluation of mitigation vulnerability assessment governance development projects that contribute to reduction or sequestration of ・Peatland conservation ・Energy efficiency 3.2: Water 3.4:Marine ・REDD ・Transportation 3.3:Agriculture greenhouse gases (GHG) ・Afforestation and Resource and fisheries reforestation 2.Concepts and guidelines for mainstreaming adaptation considerations into projects that contribute to reduction of Monitoring, review and advice Financial Assistance vulnerability against climate change, and sustaining and Coordination among (General Budget Support, line ministries Steering Committee Project Loans,) increasing adaptive capacity and resilience Technical Cooperation Partner country’s Government Donors JICA Website URL
(Japanese) http://www.jica.go.jp/activities/globalization/climate.html JICA signed Loan Agreement of Low Carbon and Resilient Development Program with Indonesia in September 2008 as its first case. Through the year 2008, JICA conducted monitoring and also provided advisory services to Indonesia to achieve the secure (English) implementation of their National Action Plan addressing Climate Change. JICA and Indonesia signed their 2nd and 3rd agreements to finance Low Carbon and Resilient Development Program after modification of the policy matrix to improve effective, feasible and http://www.jica.go.jp/english/operations/climate_change/index.html tangible policy actions based on year-round monitoring. JICA also signed the same type of program loan agreement with Vietnam in June 2010 and its second term in November 2011. 11 12 Framework of Mitigation Report Framework of Adaptation Report
Chapter 1 Introduction Chapter 1 Introduction 6. Example of Mitigation Impact Evaluation Chapter 2 Review of Existing Resources Chapter 3 Basic Concept and Guidelines for Chapter 2 Selection of Target Sub-sectors the Quantitative Evaluation of and Review of Existing Methodologies （１）Transport, Energy, Waste Management GHG Emission Reduction (Sequestration) ■ Selection of Target Subsectors Chapter 3 Definitions and Steps Chapter 4 Selection of ■ Basic Concept ① Past JICA ODA Loan Projects in Adaptation Planning Target Sub-sectors ① Quantitative Evaluation (Classification of yen loan projects from 1995 to 2010) Greenhouse gas (GHG) Emission Reduction (ERy） is the difference ② Basic Concept ■ ② Trend of Other Donors The Basic Concept ■ Categorization of Typical Adaptation Measures ■ Outline of Methodology Sheet and ■ ■ Methodologies of Other Certification Vulnerability Assessment ■ Past JICA ODA Loan Projects Calculation Sheet ■ between without-project emission (Baseline Emission: BEy） and with- Organizations, etc. Adaptation Project and Business-as-Usual (Classification of yen loan projects from 1995 to 2010) ① Aim and Application ① Reviewed Methodologies (BAU) Development with Adaptation Options ■ Integration of Detailed Classifications into ② Outline of Methodology Sheet ② Existing Methodologies for ■ Maladaptation Target Sub-sectors ③ Outline of Calculation Sheet ） Targeted Sub-sectors ■ Evaluation and Monitoring ■ Trends of Projects by Other Donors project emission (Project Emission: PEy . ■ Required Data ■ Selection of Target Sub-sectors Chapter 4 Methodology Sheets and Calculation Sheets ERy ＝BEy － PEy Identification of Mitigation Projects Chapter 5 Basic Concept and Guidelines for Adaptation Measures Outline of Methodology and Calculation Target Sub-sectors Identification of Adaptation Projects Sheets for Each Sub-sector ERy ： GHG Emission Reduction after mitigation actions Forest and natural resources conservation Structure of Sub-sector Profiles Target Sub-sectors 1. Afforestation 2. Forest conservation BEy ： Without-project emission (Baseline Emission) Methodology Sheet Traffic and transportation Water Resources 1) Basic Concept PEy ： With-project emission (Project Emission) 1. Typical project outline 3.Freight / passenger transportation 1.Water resources i) General concept ii) Vulnerability 2. Applicability improvement 4.MRT 5.Mono-rail 6. Bus iii) Adaptation iv) Maladaptation Agriculture 3. Methodology on emission reduction Energy conservation (Industry) 2.Irrigation and drainage (1) Baseline emission 7.Energy efficiency improvement 3.Enhancement of farm management (2) Project emission 8.Cogeneration (electricity and heat supply) 2) “Adaptation Project” Guideline 4. Data required for estimation 9.Fuel switching i) General concept Forestry and natural resources conservation Baseline Emission and monitoring Energy ii) Vulnerability assessment 4.Forest preservation, afforestation
7.Case of Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) 7.Case of Forestry
BEy: Baseline Emission (without-project) PEy: Project Emission (with-project) Trees grow by photosynthesis and sequestration of CO2 in the atmosphere = forest areas are sinks of CO2 (or carbon)
GHG GHG Net anthropogenic GHG sequestration by afforestation: ERAR,y is the difference of a) increase (or decrease by thinning or harvesting) of CO2 stock in a fixed time period when afforestation is implemented (Project Sequestration: ΔCPRJ,y) and b) increase (or decrease) of CO2 stock when afforestation is NOT implemented (Baseline Sequestration: ΔCBSL,y) + GHG Emission when implementing afforestation project (Project Emission: GHGPRJ,y）. Case of Two Step Loan ER ' 'CC GHG (assistance to many end-users thru financial intermediaries) AR y, PRJ y, BSL y, PRJ y,
ERAR,ｙ ： net anthropogenic GHG Sequestration in Year y (t-CO2/y) Simplified methodologies for GHG emission may be used with due ΔCPRJ,ｙ ： GHG Sequestration with afforestation in Year y (t-CO2/y)（Project Sequestration） consideration to JICA Climate-FIT as well as data availability and the ΔCBSL,ｙ ： GHG Sequestration without afforestation in Year y (t-CO2/y)（Baseline Sequestration） amount of work GHGPRJ,ｙ ： GHG Emission with afforestation in Year y (t-CO2/y)（Project Emission）
15 16 JICA program: PreparatoryStudyforPPPInfrastructureProjects JICA program: Highly Concessional Climate Change Japanese ODA Loan PreparatoryStudyfor PPPInfrastructureProjects Highly concessional compared to Interest Repayment Grace Partnershipwith Japaneseprivatefirms past preferential terms Category Rate Period Period Feasibilitystudyschemetodetermine basedonPPP (% p.a.) (year) (year) appropriatedivisionofrolesbetweenpublic Candidate projects can be processed infrastructure Exampleofcollaboration on a “Fast Track” basis (e.g. a loan andprivatepartners,withdueconsideration betweenPPPandODAloan LDCs 0.2 40 10 Thailand:Laem Chabang Port request can be made at any time and toprivatesectorinitiative is considered separately from ordinary Low-income 0.25 40 10 projects). countries PPPInfrastructureandJICAPartnership AboutPreparatoryStudyfor (examplebytypeofpartnership) Provided to developing countries Lower- middle- PPPInfrastructureProjects • “VerticalSeparation”: which make efforts to reduce GHG income 0.3 40 10 JICAassistsprojectplanningandbasicinfrastructurebuilding emissions and to achieve economic Countries • Studytopicisselectedfromamong beforefacilityconstructionandoperationbyprivatefirms proposalsfromprivatesectorplanning (Vietnam:Lach Huyen Port/basicinfrastructuresuchaswater growth in a compatible manner, on the breaker=JICAODAloan,terminaldevelopment=privatesector[in Middle-income 0.3 40 10 toparticipateininfrastructureprojects basis of policy consultations between countries (includingEPCandoperation/ preparation]) • “StageSeparation”: Japan and those countries management) JICAassistsfirststageofaproject,followedbyprivatesector Upper-middle Covers projects and programs that • Max.JPY150mil.coveredbyJICA initiativesuchasBOT(Vietnam:Phu MyThermalPowerPlan/ income 0.6 40 10 •Highprofilestudyinrelationtothekey Japanesepowercompanyetc.enteredintopowerplantBOTafter contribute to mitigation (increased countries policygoalundertheNewGrowth assistancebyJICAODAloan) access to clean energy and adaptation * Option terms (interest rate and repayment/grace period) are StrategyofJapan(creatingbusinessat • “ConstructionbyPublicSector/OperationbyPrivateSector”: may also be included) available for each category (e.g. LDC may opt for 0.15% allphasesofoverseasinfrastructure Privatefirmsareawardedcontractsforoperationofinfrastructure interest rate, 30(10) year repayment (grace) period.) development) constructedusingJICAfunds(Thailand:Laem Chabang Port/ Japaneseshippingcompany) 17 18
JICA program: Grant Aid JICA program: Grant Aid
Grant Aid is financial cooperation implemented by the Japanese Grant Aid for General Projects: Support for projects implemented for government with no obligation for repayment by the developing basic human needs, education, etc. (including the construction of country concerned. Targeted mainly at developing countries with low hospitals, schools and roads, or the procurement of materials and income levels, this type of aid covers a wide range of cooperation equipment for public transport vehicles, etc.) related to the future of developing countries, including development of social and economic infrastructure, such as the construction of Grant Aid for Disaster Prevention and Reconstruction: Disaster hospitals or bridges, as well as education, HIV/AIDS awareness, prevention assistance and post-disaster reconstruction assistance children's health, the environment and other areas.
Programme Grant Aid for Environment and Climate Change: Support for adoption of policies and planning related to global warming countermeasures, etc., and for related projects.
19 20 JICA program: Technical Cooperation Projects JICA program: Technical Cooperation Projects
Dispatch of Experts：Japanese experts are dispatched to Technical Cooperation Projects：Technical Cooperation projects, which developing countries to disseminate necessary technologies and optimally combine the "Dispatch of Experts," "Acceptance of Training knowledge to partner country government officials and engineers Participants" and/or "Provision of Equipment" are the core operations of (counterparts). At the same time, they cooperate with these JICA's Technical Cooperation. Even more reliable project outcomes can be obtained through systematic and comprehensive project operation and counterparts in developing and spreading technologies and implementation from planning to implementation and evaluation. institutions suited to the conditions in those countries as well as conducting awareness-raising activities Acceptance of Training Participants：JICA invites competent personnel in developing countries, who have significant responsibility in social and economic development, to Japan as training participants. They participate in training programs in Japan and obtain knowledge and technologies needed in their home countries. Provision of Equipment：Equipment needed by experts for implementing effective cooperation is provided to partner countries.
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JICA program: Countermeasures towards Global Issues JICA program: Technical Cooperation Projects through Science and Technology Research Partnership (SATREPS)
Technical Cooperation for Development Planning：While supporting JICA starts the projects in cooperation with Japan Science and Technology developing countries' policymaking and public works plans, JICA transfers Agency (JST), after the conclusion of international agreements with technologies, including survey/analysis methods and planning methods to governments of the partner countries counterparts in the partner country. The following four features are the main This program aspires to acquire new knowledge which may become the key contents of cooperation. to tackle global issues, like environment/energy, bio resources, natural disaster Master plans (M/P) and policy support studies (fiscal reforms, establishment prevention and infectious diseases control, and also aspires to encourage the of legal systems, etc.) to support policymaking and the planning of public future use of acquired knowledge in society. The program aims at the human projects resource development and capacity-building of researchers and research Emergency support studies (rehabilitation and reconstruction of basic institutes in developing countries through science and technology joint infrastructure that has been damaged by natural disasters, conflicts or other research cooperation with research institutes in Japan based on social needs factors) in developing countries. Feasibility studies (F/S) for projects which will be realized by the developing This is a joint program with JICA and JST. JICA will support project country governments or other donor implementations in partner countries in cooperation with the research institutes Other studies (topographic mapping, groundwater surveys, etc.) in Japan. JST will support the research institutes for the project activities and expenses occurred in Japan. Project list http://www.jst.go.jp/global/english/kadai/index.html#environment_energy
23 24 ② Thailand：MassTransitSystemProjectinBangkok ① Indonesia：LumutBalaiGeothermalPowerPlantProject
UnderthisClimateChangeODALoanproject,a InBangkok, traffic congestion and following air pollution have been serious problems. geothermal power plant will be constructed in This project aims to shift traffic from road to railway by providing public rail transit South Sumatra Province and connected to the network, easing traffic congestion and cutting greenhouse gas emissions. JICA also Sumatra power grid. This will improve the supports the capacity building on climate change adaptation and mitigation for stability of power supply and the lives of implementationinthe BangkokMetropolis. residents, contributing to the promotion of economic development and the use of renewable energy in the Sumatra region. JICA also implements study for Indonesia’ s policy reform to promote private enterprises to take Loan partindevelopingabundantgeothermalenergy. Loan Photo25 : West Japan Engineering Consultants, Inc. 26
③ Algeria：SaharaSolarEnergyResearchCenter ④ Tanzania：IringaͲShinyangaPowerTransmission (SSERC)(SATREPS) LineProjectODALoan
Itisessentialtocopewiththeincreasingenergydemandindevelopingcountries In recent years, the demand for power has rapidly consideringtheexhaustingfossilfuelsandtheclimatechange. increased in the northern part of Tanzania such as The targets in this project are as follows : Shinyanga Region, while power comes mainly from exploration of technology to utilize the hydroelectric sources in the south. This project Sahara desert as a new energy resource of improves transmission capacity there and Will siliconand solar power , breeder construction decrease transmission losses to enable more efficient of silicon and photovoltaic power plant and power use, which will help curb greenhouse gas their effective utilization, feasibility studies on emissions, enablingthisprojecttoqualifyasaClimate PV power transmission across the desert. ChangeODA Loan*.
Loan
27 28 ⑥ %DVLF7UDLQLQJIRU,QWURGXFWLRQRI6RODU3RZHU ⑤ ： Brazil BelemMetropolitanTrunkBusSystemProject Introducingnew BasicTrainingforIntroductionof technologiesto SolarPower(Feb2010～） administrativeofficials TrainingthroughPacificResourceExchangeCenter andengineersfrom （PREX） atfirmsinJapanincluding: developingcountries TheKansaiElectricPowerCo.,Inc./SHARP In Belem metropolitan area, there are about two hundred people, and the traffic through Corporation/SANYOElectricCo.,Ltd./Kaneka Corporation/KYOCERACorporation/OsakaGasCo., traininginJapan Laos:Exampleofinstallation congestionisseriousproblem.Thisprojectaimstoeasesuchproblem,while Ltd. ofsolarpowerpanel
also alleviating air pollution and curbing • Countriesofparticipantstothetrainingprogram(expectedforJanͲ Mar2011session) green house gas emissions , establishing Africa:Ethiopia,BurkinaFaso,Djibouti,Mali,Senegal,Botswana,Lesotho,Malawi, Namibia,Tanzania,Nigeria,Burundi bus transportation system which includes Asia:TimorͲLeste,Cambodia,LaoLaos,s,Azerbaijan,Afghanistan construction of byways such as trunk •Expectedoutcomesthroughthistrainingprogram 1)PromotingintroductionofJapanesesolarpower/technologiesthroughpresentationduring roads, exclusive bus lanes and bus training terminals. 2)PromotingformulationofsolarpowerprojectsfinancedbygrantandloanaidofJICA 3)Promotingtechnicalcooperationincludingdispatchofexperts forestablishingstandards, institutionsandpoliciesrelatedtosolarpower Loan Technical 29 Assistance 30
Mitigation and Adaptation ⑧ Cameroon：EstablishmentofSustainableLivelihoodStrategies andNaturalResourceManagementinTropicalRainForestandits ⑦ ： SurroundingAreas:IntegratingtheGlobalEnvironmental Philippines ForestManagementProject ConcernswithLocalLivelihoodNeeds
Forest area in the Philippines continues to decline at the rate of more than 2% a year The Congo Basin forest is an important storage place of carbon and biological in recent years, resulting in reduction of the carbon absorption capacity. Furthermore, diversity, and indigenous people rely upon the forest for fuel, food, medicine, and the devastation of forests causes reduced runoff and water-holding capacity of soil, so on. In order to ensure forest conservation as well as a better life for indigenous thereby increasing the risk of natural disasters such as droughts or floods. This project is aimed at strengthening forestland management through implementing people, this project aims to introduce sustainable community based fore's management in Luzon and Panay, agriculturalsystems,ensuresustainableuseoftheforest, thereby improving forest conservation, which is expected to and establish ecological resource management, thus reducegreenhousegasemission,andsocioͲeconomicconditions contributing to these people’s capacity for forest of residents, and contributing to disaster risk mitigation in conservation. vulnerablearea.
REDD+ REDD+ SATREPS 31 32 ⑨ PapuaNewGuinea：CapacityDevelopmenton ForestResourceMonitoringforAddressing ClimateChange
PapuaNewGuinea(PNG)isacountrywithoneofthelargestrainforestintheworld,but thedeteriorationanddeclineofforestresourcesduetounsustainableloggingandland conversion have become major problems. This project is intended to preserve and manageforestsinPNGsustainablyaspartofadaptation and mitigation to climate change. The development of satellite images and GIS system along with capacity building is enforced so that the ability to implement monitoring of forest resources including carbon stocks enhances.
REDD+33
Technical Training in Japan on Climate Change Mitigation Actions under JICA Technical Cooperation Project “Capacity Development Project on Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs) in the Republic of Serbia”
Lecture at Agency for Natural Resources and Energy, Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry
Agenda
- Date and time: 2:00pm - 4:00pm, Wednesday, 31 October, 2012 - Venue: 526 Conference Room, 5th floor of Annex Building of Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry
*Consecutive Japanese-Serbian verbal interpretation is provided for each of following parts.
1. Opening remarks…………………………………………………….……… 5 minutes
- Greeting and explanation on the objectives of the training - Introduction of trainees
2. Lecture………………………………………………………….……………. 70 minutes
㻌㻌㻌䇾Japan䇻s Policy on Energy Conservation and㻌 Renewable Energies䇿
㻌㻌㻌By Mr. Toshiaki Nagata International Affairs Office, Energy Conservation and Renewable Energy Department, Agency for Natural Resources and Energy
3. Questions and answers, exchange of opinions………………..….…. 45 minutes 㻌
Ｓｅｒｂｉａ October 31, 2012 Innovative Strategy for Energy and the Environment
- Issued on September 14, 2012
- Aimed at creating new energy society with collective efforts of every Japan’s Policy on single nation in Japan
Energy Conservation and - Consists of three key elements: (a) Realization of a society not dependent on nuclear power Renewable Energies with 3 guiding principles and 5 policies (b) Realization of green energy revolution (c) Ensuring stable supply of energy
-The three key elements to be backed up by the bold implementation of Toshiaki Nagata electricity system reform
International Affairs Office, -Global warming countermeasures to continue to be steadily Energy Conservation and Renewable Energy Dept. implemented Agency for Natural Resources and Energy
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Innovative Strategy for Energy and the Environment
Realization of green energy revolution
○Path to the electricity & energy saving in FY 2030
Electricity and energy saving 2010 2015 2020 2030
Power generation (TWh) 1,100 -25 (-2%) -50 (-5%) -110 (-10%) Total final consumption (G Litter) 390 -16 (-4%) -31 (-8%) -72 (-19%) Energy Efficiency % = compare to 2010
○Path to the renewable energy use in 2030
Renewable energy 2010 2015 2020 2030
Power generation (TWh) 110 140 (1.4 times) 180 (1.7 times) 300 (3 times)
Capacity (GW) 31 48 70 132
Power generation (TWh) 25 50 (2 times) 80 (3 times) 190 (8 times) (excluding hydro) X times compared to 2010 3 4 Energy Conservation Efforts of Japan after Oil Crises Japan’s Energy Efficiency Policy
1. Regulation Energy Conservation Law : Enacted in 1979 → Upgraded and improved several times responding to social needs
3ULPDU\HQHUJ\ XVHSHUUHDO*'3RI-DSDQ Primary energy supply per GDP unit of each （Oil converted Mt /1 trillion yen） country（2009） （Index : Japan=1.0） 2. Promotion - Tax incentives $SSUR[ LPSURYHPHQW - Subsidies (including for R&D) - Preferential interest rate
3. Voluntary action (by private sector)
6RXUFH᧥7RWDO(QHUJ\6WDWLVWLFVE\$15(0(7, Calculated according to IEA statistics5 6
Historical Development of Energy Conservation Law Japan’s Energy Efficiency Policy Residential Industry Commercial Transportation 1947 Establishment of heat management
7 8 Japan’s Energy Efficiency Policy Japan’s Energy Efficiency Policy
SETSUDEN (power saving) Campaign, Summer 2011 Ad on newspaper Standard Format for Action Plan Japan’s Energy Efficiency Policy (1) Large users (contract electricity > 500 kW) • Every large user to map out and implement their own plan
6001997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 individual cell-phone (年) 11 12 Changes in Electric Power Supply by Renewable Energy Since the introduction of the RPS system in 2003, electric power supply by renewable energy has doubled. Moreover, since the surplus electricity purchase system was introduced in 2009, the introduction of residential photovoltaic power generation has largely increased.
Long-term change in total supply from power-generating facilities of new energy, etc. (100 million kWh)
FY 2003 Wind Hydraulic Biomass Beginning of RPS System PV FY 2004 Wind Hydraulic Biomass Renewable Energies PV FY 2005 Wind Hydraulic Biomass PV FY 2006 Wind Hydraulic Biomass PV FY 2007 Wind Hydraulic Biomass PV
FY 2008 Wind Hydraulic Biomass PV Residential PV Beginning of purchasing FY 2009 Wind Hydraulic Biomass residential surplus electricity PV
FY 2010 Wind Hydraulic Biomass PV Residential PV
1) This data shows electricity supply from facilities accredited by the RPS Law. Electric energy before the RPS Law was enacted, electric energy generated by facilities that are not currently accredited by the RPS Law, and electric energy that is generated by facilities accredited by the RPS Law and consumed in- 13 house are not included in this data. 14 2) Photovoltaic facilities that have been covered by the surplus electricity purchase system since November 2009 are calculated as specific PV.
Current Composition of Power Sources in Japan Basic Mechanism of the Feed-in Tariff Scheme Among the total electricity generated in fiscal 2010, renewable energy, etc. accounted for • Under the feed-in tariff scheme, if a renewable energy producer requests an electric utility to approximately 10%; approximately 9% of which is hydraulic power generation. sign a contract to purchase electricity at a fixed price and for a long-term period guaranteed Other renewable energy is still cost prohibitive. by the government, the electric utility is obligated to accept this request.
Composition of annual electricity generated in Japan Sale of electricity produced Those engaged in the from renewable energy power generation Electricity supply business using sources FY 2010 FY 2011 renewable energy Electric utility sources Solar PV
Coal m- l- and mediu Smal ic Petroleum scale hydraul Purchase of electricity at a power Payment for Submission of Collection of fixed price for a government the purchase the collected Approx. r surcharge together Approx. Hydropower Wind p owe guaranteed period cost surcharge 8% 24% with the electricity Surcharge adjustment charge Approx. 9% Approx. 1% organization (organization to Renewable collect and distribute the surcharge) Electricity energy $SSUR[ excluding ᧡ customers Biomass Approx. hydropower Natural gas 27% Approx. rm Geothe Deciding tariffs and durations, 31% al power Decision of respecting the opinion of the special surcharge unit price Nuclear power committee (every fiscal year) per kWh (every fiscal year) Minister of Economy, Those who generate Trade and Industry power at home ・Approval of facilities (Government confirms whether the facility can generate electricity Opinion on tariffs and duration Note: “Etc.” of “Renewable energy, etc.” includes the recovery of energy derived from waste, refuse derived fuel (RDF) products, stably and efficiently. The approval heat supply utilizing waste heat, industrial steam recovery, and industrial electricity recovery. is cancelled when the facility no Special committee for Source: Prepared based on the Agency for Natural Resources and Energy’s “Outline of Electric Power Development in FY 2010” longer satisfies the requirements.) determination of tariff s and 15 durations Government 16 Renewable Energy Forecast (FY2012)
Estimating based on officially announced projects and recent trend, approximately 2.5GW renewable energy facilities would be installed in this fiscal year.（Currently about 19.45GW renewable capacity expects to increase to about 22GW.)
＜Renewable energy installation forecast in FY 2012＞
Already installed capacity Forecast of newly installed by FY2011 capacity in FY2012 Residential PV Approx. 4GW + Approx 1.5GW （40% increase from new installation in 2011) Non-Residential PV Approx. 0.8GW +Approx 0.5GW Smart Communities （Estimate by METI）
Wind Approx. 2.5GW ＋Approx 0.38GW （50 % increase from recent annual installation)
Small and Medium scaled hydro Approx. 9.35GW ＋Approx 0.02GW （1MW to 3MW） （Estimate by METI）
Small and Medium scaled hydro Approx. 0.2GW ＋Approx 0.01GW （Less than 1MW） （50 % increase from recent annual installation)
Biomass Approx. 2.1GW ＋Approx 0.09GW （50 % increase from recent annual installation)
Geothermal Approx. 0.5GW ＋0GW
Total Approx. 19.45GW ＋Approx 2.5GW 17 18
SmartHouses | InJapan,householdsaccountforahighpercentageofsolarpowergeneration(82%asof2010) ¾ In the wake of the Great East Japan Earthquake and the subsequent nuclear accident in March last year, | Houseswithsolarpanelsareplaceswherepowerisgeneratedthroughrenewablesourcesandused. Thesehousesarepotentiallydevelopableintosmarthouses—thesmallestunitofsmartcommunities electric power supply and demand has been tight with all the domestic nuclear power stations shut down. whichproduceandconsumetheirownenergy. ¾ The government embarked last November on its study aimed at stepping up energy conservation measures. • RealtimegraspofpowerusageandautomaticcontrolofappliancesthroughsmartmetersandHEMS(homeenergymanagement systems). Need for Measures against Peak Demand Reduction • Storageofelectricityinhouseholdstoragebatteriesandelectricvehicles;dischargeofsuchelectricity(V2H). ◆Successful development of our economy will hinge on the energy supply and demand situation stabilizing as early ExamplesofautomaticcontrolofappliancesthroughHEMS as possible. All necessary steps should be taken to improve our energy supply system. Priority3 Priority1 Priority3 ◆The demand side as well should take measures to facilitate peak demand reduction of electric power in ways that Operatingdryersand Increasingthetemperature Receivingelectricityfrom help to effectively use storage batteries and energy management systems that are becoming widespread. othernonͲessential settingonairconditioners thenetwork appliances
Image of electric power supply at the summer peak time Image of electric power supply at the summer peak time Before the earthquake Medium- to long-term perspective Priority4 Supply Supply Reversecurrents Capacity Capacity intothesystem Demand Demand Curve Curve Priority2 HEMS Chargingelectricvehicles(storing electricity) Householdswithsurplus Morning Daytime Night Morning Daytime Night Priority2 energy ○Demand
CityofKitakyushu ToyotaCity GE CEMS
Cooperation on energy conservation Purpose To share with other countries Japan’s experience of overcoming the “oil-crises” with advanced energy efficiency (EE) policies and technologies, through:
1. Cooperation on EE policies To assist other countries in designing their EE policies and measures through such activities as capacity building and joint policy research, on the basis of Japanese policies and measures
2. Cooperation on EE technologies To assist other countries in developing and utilizing EE technologies through such International Cooperation activities as joint demonstration projects, on the basis of Japanese technologies
Example of policy cooperation: Example of technology cooperation Assistance for establishment of EE measures Waste heat power generation at a cement plant
Cooperation with Malaysia Demonstration at a cement plant in China 9EE measures being discussed with energy authority 9Waste heat power generation technology was staff from Malaysia demonstrated in 1995 - 1997 9Japanese legislation, regulations, measures, etc. 9The technology has been wide spread in the being introduced and studied 23 country after the completion of the demonstration24 Cooperation on renewable energies Multilateral cooperation （ＩＰＥＥＣ及びＩＲＥＮＡ） Purpose Purpose To assist introduction of renewable energies (RE) worldwide, taking advantage of Japan’s To promote energy efficiency improvements and use of renewable energies at a strength on the energy demand-supply management, through: global scale through active contribution to multilateral initiatives, such as IPEEC 1. Cooperation on RE policies (International Partnership for Energy Efficiency Cooperation) and IRENA To establish environments to facilitate introduction of RE worldwide through such activities (International Renewable Energy Agency) as capacity building Multilateral initiative for energy efficiency Multilateral initiative for renewable energies 2. Cooperation on RE technologies IPEEC (International Partnership for Energy Efficiency Cooperation) IRENA (International Renewable Energy Agency) To assist other countries in developing and utilizing RE technologies through such activities as joint demonstration projects, on the basis of Japanese technologies on, inter alia, PV and energy management Example of policy cooperation Example of technology cooperation Assistance for establishment of RE measures Large scale PV system
9To facilitate participating countries’ voluntary 9To facilitate the use of renewable energies efforts on energy efficiency improvements through through policy analysis, establishment of Cooperation with the Philippines Demonstration at an industrial park in India information sharing research network, etc. 9RE measures being discussed with energy 9A stable power supply system using PVs is 9Established in 2009, with participation of 9Established in 2011 with participation of 98 authority staff from the Philippines being demonstrated for the period 2012 – 2014 Japan, the US, China, India and others, countries, headquatered in Abu Dhabi 9Japanese measures to promote RE being 9The agreement to start the project was signed in headquatered in Paris 9Japan has been acting as one of the Executive front of ministers from India and Japan, which 98 WGs are established and in active operation Members introduced and studies 26 highlighted commitments of the two Gov’ts. 25
Thank you very much! ありがとうございます！
Questions?
27
Technical Training in Japan on Climate Change Mitigation Actions under JICA Technical Cooperation Project “Capacity Development Project on Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs) in the Republic of Serbia”
Lecture by Energy Conservation Center Japan
Agenda
- Date and time: 10:00am - 12:00am, Thursday, 1 November, 2012 - Venue: Seminar Room No. 19, JICA Tokyo International Center
*Consecutive Japanese-Serbian verbal interpretation is provided for each of following parts.
䠍䠊Opening remarks……………………………………………………….……. 5 minutes
- Greeting - Introduction of trainees (by facilitator)
䠎䠊Lecture……………….………………………………………………………. 90 minutes
“Promotion Activities of Energy Conservation in Japan”
By Mr. Hiroshi Kawamura Training Cooperation Department, International Cooperation Division, The Energy Conservation Center, Japan
䠏䠊Questions and answers………..…………………………………………㻌 25 minutes 㻌
Technical Training in Japan on Climate Change Mitigation Actions under JICA Technical Cooperation Project “Capacity Development Project on Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs) in the Republic of Serbia”
Lecture by Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism
Agenda
- Date and time: 2:00pm - 5:30pm , Thursday, 1 November, 2012 - Venue: Seminar Room No. 19, JICA Tokyo International Center
* Consecutive Japanese-Serbian verbal interpretation is provided for each of following parts.
1. Opening remarks….…………………………………………………………………….…. 5 minutes
- Greeting - Introduction of trainees (by facilitator)
2. Lecture I………..….………………………………………………………...…………..…. 90 minutes
“Efforts of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the Transport Sector” By. Mr. Taro Tokai Chief, Environmental Policy Division, Policy Bureau, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism “Initiatives for Development of Low Carbon City in Japan” By. Mr. Yuji Tsutsui Senior Deputy Director, City Planning Division, City Bureau, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism
㻌㻌㻌*Around 45 minutes for each topic.
3. Questions and answers on Lecture I………………………………………………….. 20 minutes
4. Break…………………………………………………………………………………...…… 10 minutes
5. Lecture II……………………………………………………………………….…………... 45 minutes
“Environmental Measures for Housing and Buildings” 㻌㻌 By. Kenji Kimura Chief, Housing Bureau, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism
6. Questions and answers on Lecture II, and exchange of opinions…..…………….. 40 minutes - Questions and answers on the contents of Lecture II - Exchange of opinions Contents of the presentation
Efforts of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism １．Current state of GHG emissions in Japan to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the Transport Sector ２．Trends of energy and environmental measures in Japan
Environmental Policy Division, ３．Measures against global warming in the areas of Policy Bureau, land and transport Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism November 1, 2012
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism 2
CO2 emissions in the world Status of greenhouse gas emissions in Japan (definite value in 2010)
Share of energy-derived CO emissions GHG emission in Japan in 2010 was: 4.2% higher than the previous year; 0.3% lower than the base 2 Prospects of CO emissions in the world *1 by country (2009) 2 year; and 10.1% lower than the base year when the reduction by forest and other sinks and by earning overseas credits*2 were both taken into account. Former 15 EU International aviation member nations and maritime services Emission Status of greenhouse gas emissions in Japan Breakdown of CO2 emissions by sector (100 million Industrialization process tons of CO ) 3.5% 10.1% Russia 2 (generation due to chemical (±0) (△0.6%) reaction at a time of cement Others Aim at achieving 3.8% reduction by forest and production etc.) 5.3% Wastes Transportation (△0.1%) Other developing other sinks and 1.6% Japan 1.281 billion tons 1.258 billion ) countries by Kyoto mechanism (automobile,
2 Energy derived CO 22.8% (+1.6% compared tons 2 (△1%) 3.8% Brazil 13 to base year) (- 0.3% compared to (captive consumption at plane, ship, train) base year) 1.254 billion tons power plant, gas factory, (△0.1%) <+ 4.2% compared to (-0.6% compared to India 1.261 billion ％ 2％ Other tons the previous year > base year) refinery, etc.) 4 7.0% developed 7％ CO2 emissions (△0.4%) nations China 1.270 billion tons Reduction 20％ in the world (-4.3% compared by forest (Million tons(Million ofCO to base year) and other 29 billion tons sinks 5.5% US 12 (+0.6%) (2009) India Overseas 1.185 billion tons ％ (-6% compared 35 Annex I Parties credit 18％ －8.8 % to base year) 17.9% excluding the US compared to base (△0.1%) year -10.1% 23.7% compared to Industry (+1.4%) US 11 base year (energy use by manufacturing, 14％ construction, mining, agriculture, －13.7% China compared to fishery, and forestry) base year Business and others Source: Research Institute of Innovative Technology for the Earth (RITE) (commerce, service industry, business office *The values shown in parentheses indicate increment/decrement expressed 10 Household etc.) in percentage from the year 2008. (air conditioning, hot- water supply and home *15 EU countries are member countries of EU at the time of COP3 held in Kyoto. electrical appliances) Source: Prepared by the Ministry of the Environment based on the ”KEY WORLD ENERGY Commitment Period of STATISTICS” (IEA 2011) Base year 2010 Fiscal 2008 2009 Kyoto Protocol (1990 in principle) year 1.192 billion tons in total (CO2) (FY2008-2012) (includes both energy- and non-energy-derived CO2 emissions) *1 Set at 3.8% which is the level of reduction aimed to be achieved by using forest and other sinks. *2 Have taken into account: the credits that the government had acquired; and those transferred to 3 the government account from the private sector. 4 Trend and target of greenhouse gas emissions by sector CO2 emissions from the transportation sector in Japan
Emissions in FY2010 ■ CO2 emissions from the transportation sector constitute 20% of the total emissions in Japan. (percentage change ■Automobiles and motor trucks account for 88.1% (17.1%) and 34.2% (6.7%) of transport-driven CO2 (Million-tons of CO ) compared to the year 1990) 2 emissions (total CO2 emissions) in the country, respectively. 500 482 million tons Industrial sector (factory etc.) Target in FY2010 * (Compared to 1990) CO2 emissions in Japan by sector CO2 emissions from the transportation sector 450 422 million tons (-12.5%) Others Target: ○ Automobiles as a whole 424-428 million tons 149.54 million tons Transportation sector 400 (－12.1%～ －11.3%) 《12.5%》 (automobile, ship, etc.) constitute 88.1% of 231.92 million tons transport-driven emissions 350 《19.5%》 Private car (17.1% of the country) 116.80 million tons ○ Motor truck constitutes 300 Target: 《50.4%》 Transportation sector (automobile/ship etc.) 240-243 million tons 34.2% of transport-driven Gross CO 232 million tons (＋10.3%～＋11.9%) 2 emissions 250 217 million tons (+6.7%) ＊ emissions Business and other Business and other sectors Industrial sector (6.7% of the country) (factory etc.) 1,192 million tons sectors (commerce/service/business office etc.) (Definite value (commerce, service, Private motor 200 217 million tons 421.99 million tons truck Target: in FY2010) business office, etc.) 164 million tons (+31.9%) 208-210 million tons 《35.4%》 216.68 million ton 39.09 million Bus tons 4.34 million tons 《1.9%》 (＋26.5%～＋27.9%) 《18.2%》 《16.9%》 150 172 million tons × Taxi Household sector (+34.8%) Motor truck 《 》 Target: for business 3.81 million tons 1.6% 127 million tons 138-141 million tons Breakdown 40.23 million Coastal shipping 100 (＋8.5%～＋10.9%) tons 10.89 million tons 《4.7%》 Household sector 《17.3%》 81 million tons ◆ Aviation 171.81 million tons 9.19 million tons 《4.0%》 50 68 million tons Energy conversion sector (power plant etc.) (+19.3%) Target: 66 million tons 《14.4%》 Train (－2.3%) 7.57 million tons 《3.3%》 0 (Energy derived CO ) 1234567891 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 *Emissions that derive from power companies’ electricity generation and heat suppliers’ heat generation are allocated to the final demand based on their level of consumption. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 *Prepared by the Environmental Policy Division of MLIT based on the “National Greenhouse Gas Inventory Report of Japan” of the Greenhouse *Target values in FY2010 are derived from the upper case of the Kyoto Protocol Target Achievement Plan Gas Inventory Office of Japan (cabinet decision on March 28, 2008) 5 6
CO2 emissions in the transportation sector Promotion of measures against global warming Background of considering post-2013 measures Review of energy and environmental policies • After reaching its peak in FY2001, emissions from the transportation sector have shown a decline against global warming Review system within the government as a whole • Emissions from motor trucks and private cars have started to decline since FY1996 and FY2001, Before the Earthquake National Strategic Council respectively Dec. 22 2011 Formulated “Strategy for Rebirth of Japan” CO emission 9Based on the Kyoto Protocol Target Achievement Plan July 31 2012 Formulated “Comprehensive Strategy for the 2 Target in FY2010* (established in 2005 and revised in 2008), promote measures Rebirth of Japan” (Million t-CO ) 2 240 million t-CO2 against global warming to achieve the commitment made in the Kyoto Protocol (i.e. greenhouse gas reduction by 6% on average from the 1990 level between 2008 and 2012) +1.6% -13.3 263 267 % Definite value 9The Kyoto Protocol Target Achievement Plan expired in 2012 % in FY2010 +21.0 232 217 International trends Domestic trends ○Improvement of passenger cars’ fuel efficiency ・ Improvement of fuel efficiency based on top- 4% runner standard. 36. Trends of international negotiations On the basis of this policy, the Atomic Energy Commission, Advisory Committee + % -10. ・ As a result of the automobile green taxation (COP) towards the establishment of an Diet bill of the Basic +12.7 4% (FY2001～), on Energy and Natural Resources, and Central Environment Council will Private car Number of registered low-emission cars: international framework and agreement Law on Measures develop drafts for the options of nuclear power policy, energy mix, and → Approx. 22.52 million (end of FY2010) after 2013 measures against global warming. Number of registered passenger cars: against Global Warming, Approx. 35 million (as of the end of FY1990) 9In COP 17 (held in South Africa in 2011), which establishes the Approx. 58.10 million cars (as of FY2010) → we have made it clear not to take part in the medium- to long-term Other +12.0% -2.4% - second commitment period of the Kyoto 13.8 Protocol. We intend to proceed with targets (25% reduction transportation mode % voluntary reduction efforts. 9Concerning the “Future Legislative by 2020 and 80% Framework applicable to All Countries”, our reduction by 2050) and target to achieve, we have agreed to the +10.8% ○ Improved efficiency in truck transportation roadmap of completing the discussions as measures against ・ Size of truck became larger and more private soon as possible during 2015 at the latest, - trucks shifted to commercial trucks global warming (under 8.9% -16. and of making the framework effective and 9% Number of trucks whose gross weight is 24～ deliberation)* Motor truck 25t: implementing it from 2020. 80,000 (FY2002) → 166,000 (end of FY2010) Share of commercial trucks in traffic volume: 77.2% (FY1997) → 87.9% (FY2010) Great East Japan Earthquake and nuclear accident Other transportation facilities: *Target values in FY2010 are derived from the upper case of the Kyoto bus, taxi, train, ship and aviation Movement towards drastic review of energy and Protocol Target Achievement Plan (cabinet decision on March 28, 2008) environmental policies *The Basic Law on Measures to Tackle Global Warming was approved by the cabinet, put before the 176th 7 extraordinary session of the Diet, and is currently under deliberation. Interim compilation of discussion points for the mid-term measures against Interim compilation of discussion points for the mid-term measures against global warming, MLIT (outline) global warming, MLIT (measures and policies)
1. Promoting the development and dissemination of 8. Promoting low-carbon urban planning environmentally-friendly vehicles Intensified urban structuring, promotion of non-point use of energy Three viewpoints of the measures against mid-term global warming by MLIT Development of ambitious fuel efficiency standards, promotion of the development and practical application of next-generation 9. Measures concerning the sewage system large vehicles, and further dissemination of environmentally- Utilization of sewage sludge biogas for fuel, utilization of sewage heat, Creating low-carbon urban area appropriate to the local/regional characteristics friendly vehicles 2. Promoting optimum utilization of vehicles energy conservation measures in sewage system, greenhouse gas Use of vehicles with less impact on the environment, promotion reduction from sewage sludge incineration facilities of mechanisms that enhance carriers’ environmental efforts, city planning based on environmentally-friendly vehicles, integrated 10. Efforts of public facilities energy management for vehicles and households Advanced zero energy measures in public facilities and introduction 3. Ensuring smooth traffic flow of photovoltaic power generation facilities 4. Heightening efficiency in logistical distribution 11. Development, dissemination and promotion of new Modal shift, utilization of the Conference on Green Physical Response to energy restrictions and establishment of an appropriate energy system for Distribution Partnership, promotion of zero-emission port energies and technologies Response to energy restrictions and establishment of an appropriate energy system for policies, use of green management certification system, Promotion of wind power generation on the ocean Japan after the Great East Japan Earthquake improvement in truck transport efficiency 5. Promoting the use of public transportation 12. Measures concerning greenhouse gas sink Greater convenience in railway and bus transportation, eco- Promotion of urban planting conscious commutation 6. Improving energy use efficiency in railway, 13. Other measures to reduce greenhouse gas shipping, and aviation emissions Dissemination of low-fuel efficiency and low-carbon construction Measures against global warming taking into account changes in life- and work-style 7. Energy conservation measures for housing and building machineries in the construction industry, low-carbon land formation Promotion of zero energy use in schools and houses, technical targeting a wide area, promotion of researches on climate change, support for medium to small contractors, better evaluation and reinforcement of observation and monitoring systems, promotion of marking of energy conservation performance, promotion of international cooperation, etc. energy conservation measures for existing stocks
* Environment Group, Traffic System Subcommittee of Traffic Policy Council, Social Capital Development Council, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Environment Group, Traffic System Subcommittee of Traffic Policy Council, Social Capital Development Council, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (HP: http://www.mlit.go.jp/policy/shingikai/s303_kankyo01.html) 9 Transport and Tourism (HP: http://www.mlit.go.jp/policy/shingikai/s303_kankyo01.html) 10
Promotion of development and dissemination Promotion of optimum utilization of vehicles of environmentally-friendly vehicles The principal measure in the automobile sector, which accounts for approx. In addition to measures for new vehicles, it is important to create an environment that promotes optimum use of 20% of the total CO2 emissions in Japan, is to improve environmental Promotion of development vehicles and dissemination of environmentally-friendly vehicles performance of new vehicles. ・Promotion of energy saving driving of vehicles by promoting eco-drive ・Setting future development targets through development of ambitious fuel and dissemination of environmentally-friendly ・Development of an urban space with environmentally-friendly vehicles such as extra small mobility and electric buses efficiency standards ・Designing of future lifestyle that makes the best of functions within electric vehicles ・Tax incentives and subsidies based on their environmental performance vehicles Urban development using Integrated energy management of Promoting eco-drive environmentally-friendly vehicles vehicles and households The way of using vehicles with less impact on Development of fuel efficiency standards Tax incentives and installation support environment (eco-drive, etc.) has penetrated Promotion of development and dissemination of Integrated implementation of the vehicle energy widely into the society, making it possible to extra-small mobility through inter-sector management and household/business energy cooperation between urban development and reduce CO2 of not only new vehicles, but also management will induce energy conservation ■Development of ambitious standards retained vehicles. vehicles. Extra-small mobility, highly convenient .Tax incentives (tax breaks for eco-cars) Awareness raising and promotion of eco-drive by and low in environmental impact, is appropriate for activities, leading to further energy conservationڦ Setting future development targets, which will be reviewed as ○Reduction and exemption of vehicle taxes for electric means of “10 recommendations for eco-drive” traveling within regions that are difficult to be and EMS (eco-drive support equipment). covered by public transportations and bicycles. necessary. vehicles and other next-generation vehicles Also promote dissemination of zero-emission EV Vehicles (electric vehicles) Households, business ○Fuel efficiency standard for heavy vehicles established for the first ○Induction of technical innovation by, based on the level of fuel with low noise and vibration by encouraging the Along with full-scale dissemination of EV, energy management is time in the world in 2006 introduction or development of electric charge integrated between vehicles and households/business efficiency, reducing and exempting tax for gasoline vehicles system and linking it with urban development ○ Fuel efficiency standard for passenger cars, considered to be the
highest level in the world, is to be established for the year 2020 Energy-conservation ■Installation support of environmentally- operation Trend of improvement in average fuel efficiency in new management Power management passenger cars and fuel efficiency in retained cars friendly vehicles of households 2020 standard ○A certain amount of financially support will be given when purchasing Promote automobile manufacturers to achieve the vehicles with superior environmental performance Power supply fuel efficiency highest level of technical to the houses of new vehicles (fuel efficiency innovation by introducing the fuel Charging EV of new vehicles) efficiency standard in 2020
fuel efficiency of retained vehicles (fuel efficiency of retained vehicles) 2015 standard ○Dissemination of EV by linking it with households fuel efficiency Gasoline vehicle having fuel ・Easy energy conservation management at the standard efficiency equivalent to that household (eco-drive), improvement of 2010 standard of hybrid vehicle convenience ○Benefits from introducing and ・Integrated management of vehicles types and Electric vehicle disseminating extra-small mobility numbers ・CO reduction ・Mutual utilization among manufacturers ・CO2 reduction ・New transport means in the city and region (supplementary to public transportation) ○ Effective utilization of batteries (supplementary to public transportation) ・ ・Tourism and regional development ・Effective utilization of unused power of car- Tourism and regional development mounted batteries in the households ・Support movements of the aged and families with ・Minimization of power loss and securing of (Year) Compressed natural gas (CNG) vehicles small children durability of batteries 11 12 Measures to ensure traffic flow Promotion of the use of public transportation
Promotion of the use of public transportation with less environmental impact by increasing Smooth traffic flow will raise traveling speed, which in turn improves fuel efficiency and reduces CO2 emission from vehicles their convenience In order to meet the target set under the Kyoto Protocol, loop and other trunk road network should be developed. In addition, bicycle-friendly environment should be developed, ITS should be promoted, Development of new railway lines, promotion of and bottleneck crossing should be eliminated to further reduce CO2 emissions the use of existing railway and bus services
Development of new railway line Introduction of LRT and BRT in the urban area Principal countermeasures To regenerate the urban functions and create Efforts are made to promote LRT attractive urban spaces, new subway lines are to systems that are linked with urban Development of a bicycle-friendly Promotion of the Intelligent Elimination of bottleneck be developed that enable quicker transportation space development to establish a environment Transport System (ITS) crossings and others and increased convenience user-oriented transport system with ・Tozai Line, Sendai (scheduled to open in 2015) less environmental impact ・Sotetsu – JR through line (scheduled to open in 2015) Before elevation After elevation ・Sotetsu – Tokyu through line (scheduled to open in 2019) Example of developing the subway of railway of railway ：Tokyo Metro – Fukutoshin Line Better traveling space for buses and trams Promotion of computerization such as Development of bus lanes on the road, provision of introduction of the IC card traveling space for road transport system, and Efforts are made to promote computerization by development of stops introducing IC cards that offer more convenience to passengers Mitaka City, Tokyo Amagasaki City, Hyogo Continuous grade separation project of the Keihin Promote introduction of non-step buses (bicycle road) (bicycle lane) Kyuko Line and Keihin Kyuko Airport Line To provide higher comfort to the (Tokyo) elders, disabled, and so on, highly Promotion of barrier-free environment in railway station convenient non-step buses should be more actively introduced. Efforts are made to promote barrier-free ■Promotion and dissemination of equipment such as elevator installation ■Development of bicycle roads by VICS, which offers information on ■Less congestion brought by to eliminate trouble with steps, and/or 13,822 buses already congestion to the drivers, allowing installation of toilet equipment more purchased all over the country reorganizing the road space higher traveling speed easily accessible to the disabled in the (as of the end of March, 2009) 14 them to take optimum routes existing railway stations. 13
Heightened energy use efficiency of railway Improvement of energy use efficiency of ships
Railway is a traffic means with less environmental impact than other transportation. Nevertheless, further technical development and introduction of cars and facilities with higher energy efficiency are pursued such as by using Sea-transport, ship building, ship machinery, universities, research institutes are all regenerative electric power to enhance further energy use efficiency. The aim here is to contribute to reducing emissions from the transportation sector focusing on projects for developing energy saving technologies Railway with less environmental load $GYDQFHGW\SHRIHQHUJ\FRQVHUYDWLRQW\SHFDUV CO2 emission per transport amount (passengers) Improvement of heat efficiency through Next-generation operation control system Passenger cars 165 recovery of exhaust heat Advanced navigation control system developed Energy to convert exhaust heat into inboard using IT. Propellers and motor are controlled Aviation 110 electric power, enhancing energy efficiency Engine Navigation according to weather and hydrographic system system conditions. Buses 48 (machine, (electronic, 約１／９ Railway 1 about 1/9 electronic information 8 Hybrid car* RV without aerial wiring technology) technology) • Under commercial operation g-CO /passenger-kilometer (2009) Exhaust heat recovery system Weather routing system 2 on the Koumi Line, JR Higashi Nihon Propulsion Hull Tax support for promotion of introduction of energy conservation type cars Efficiency improved by new type system system Reduction of frictional resistance [Applicable car (example)] New car of propellers As a means to reduce frictional resistance of Aerial wiring High-efficiency propellers with high efficiency (material, (ship building, the hull, the air lubrication method has been Existing car developed by eliminating factors contributing to developed, achieving the epoch-making energy machine material conservation. energy loss engineering) engineering) Aerial wiring Motor VVVF inverter control system Motor
VVVF inverter control system: Mechanism for highly efficient control of motor speed without using the resistor Motor Resistor Motor Renewal Conventional New [Car under power running] The resistor is used to control the motor, [Car under braking] Air lubrication method which generates unused energy. Aerial wiring High-efficiency propellers
Improvement of CO2 emission Motor VVVF inverter control system Motor Regenerative braking Regenerative braking: Electric power generated by cars during braking returns to the aerial wiring and will be used by other cars in operation 15 16 * Electric cars are to be renewed to the type equipped with both the VVVF inverter control and regenerative brake. (Renewal of the cars already equipped with the VVVF inverter control is not dealt with here.) Reduction of CO emissions from ships * Railway motor cars are to be renewed to the type with high-efficiency internal combustion engine. (Renewal of the cars already equipped with high-efficiency internal combustion engine is not deal with here.) 2 Improvement of energy use efficiency of aviation Promotion of dissemination of environmentally-friendly vehicles
Measures through introduction Measures through improvement Approximate amount for 2012: ¥774 million of new technology (example) of navigation (example) Promote environmental measures against global warming and air pollution in the vehicle sector such as: ＜ݨReduction of emissions by renewal to new types of airplane
Comparison of CO2 emissions per seat between Tokyo and Sapporo navigation (RNAV) Ground navigation (excerpt from the data of All Nippon Airways) 地上航法無線施設radio aid RNAV* will reduce flight Subsidized vehicles Level of subsidization ○ hours and routing. ○飛行時間・経路短縮Reduction of flying hours Conventional従来 Large and routing ○○就航率の向上Improvement of airplane ○交通流の円滑化commissioning ratio RNAV ○○複線化・複々線化によるSmoothing of traffic flow *RNAV (aRea NAVigation) ○Strengthened capacity through B787(under About 20% reduction from double容量拡大 tracking and - For purchasing new vehicles and abandoning aged ones Medium-sized development) B767-300 model quadruple tracking airplane CNG trucks and buses 1/2 or less of the difference in price with a normal vehicle 4 High-efficiency arrival method CDA method: or 1/4 or less of the vehicle’s main body price Continuous ○Introduction of continuous descending with descending approach (CDA) reduced engine thrust - For purchasing new vehicle only Ordinary arrival: Hybrid trucks and buses 1/3 or less of the difference in price with a normal vehicle Measures through improvement Engine thrust used of airport facilities (example) Landing strip during level flight or 1/4 or less of the vehicle’s main body price 4Promotion of the use of ground power unit (GPU) Measures through utilization of Suppression of CO2 emissions from airplanes by shifting the power source Modification of vehicles in use necessary for parking airplanes from auxiliary power unit of the airplane itself alternative fuel (example) 1/3 or less of the modification costs to CNG vehicles to the ground power unit 4 Development of alternative fuel applicable without the need to modify airframe Efficient Efficiency facilities improvement CNG (Compressed natural gas) truck and bus arrangement of taxing 4 Technological Development for refining jet fuel Hybrid truck and bus from nonfood plants ¾PM not discharged and NOx reduced by 50% or more ¾Two power supplies; internal combustion engine and motor ¾CNG station necessary 4 Various tests including flight tests for their practical ¾New infrastructure development not necessary implementation Promotion of the use of ground power unit (GPU) ¾ Flight test conducted by Japan Airlines in 2009 New energy APU Auxiliary power 17 unit of airplane 18
Integrated approach to promote CO2 emissions reduction and energy con- Fields subject to regulation under the Energy Use Law servation between vehicles and the household/business sectors 2012 budget amount: ¥4.2 million By developing an ICT-based energy conservation system for integrated management of energy consumption of ¾ The Energy Use Law (Act on the Rational Use of Energy) was established in 1979 at the time of the vehicles and the household/business sectors, promote, in an integrated manner, dissemination of EV (electric vehicles, oil crisis plug-in-hybrid vehicles, extra-small mobility) and measures for optimum CO2 emission reduction and energy ¾ Provisions related to the transportation sector (transport operators and owner) were added in 2005 conservation in the household/business sector. (1) Plant and business Modified from plant establishment Operators with energy consumption level of 1,500 KL (as and business Along with the all-out dissemination of EV, energy management converted to crude oil) or more per year establishment to Vehicle of vehicles and household/business has become integrated Households/ individual operators businesses Gasoline consumption when revised in Electricity ＋ Electricity consumption (RHV) Leveling of household Household 2008 consumption (EV) electric power (V2H) (consumer electronics, batteries, Extra-small mobility photovoltaic generation)
Buildings (2) Transport ◆Transport operators with the transport capacity above a certain set level such Power consumption as 200 trucks, 300 railway cars (currently 599 operators) EV, PHV Power cost and fuel efficiency management by Eco-drive EV charging control (H2V) management by HEMS *Extra-small mobility: support system EV charging control (H2V) (Home Energy Management Vehicle suitable for short-distance, which is easy to System) handle and low in environmental impact ◆Owners ordering cargo transport of 30 million ton-kilometers per year (currently 861 owners) Effective and efficient utilization of Enables energy conservation from a car-mounted batteries necessary new point of view 2 In the field of vehicle energy management that has a linkage with household and business sectors, those development and verification projects (3) Houses and buildings Large buildings with a total floor area of 2000 m or more with particularly high feasibility, effectiveness, and pioneering features are evaluated and selected to receive funding. 2 Medium buildings with the total floor area of 300 m or more Covered by the ≪Principal issues necessary for selection of the project≫ Linkage with houses Law as a result of Operators building and selling residential buildings the revision in (supplying 150 houses or more per year) 2008 Effective and efficient utilization of Promoting dissemination of EV car-mounted batteries through linkage with households ○Easy energy conservation management (Eco-drive) in (4) Machinery and ○Effective use of EV’s battery for purposes other than running households (Utilization of unused power for household purposes, utilization of equipment 23 items including passenger cars, air conditioners, TV sets, etc. nighttime power) ○Integrated energy conservation management covering multiple vehicle types and numbers (accounting for about 80% of power consumption in households) ○Minimization of power loss and securing durability of batteries ○Enhanced EV usability (confirmation of cruising distance) (Charge/discharge control appropriate to the actual daily utilization state) ○Realization of mutual utilization among manufacturers
*Implemented in conjunction with the “Advance Project of Housing and Buildings CO2 Reduction”, Housing Bureau 10 Regulations in the Energy Use Law (transportation sector) Criteria for transport operators
¾ Transport operators with a capacity above a certain level (not only the so-called transport operators but also those conducting private physical flow) are obliged to prepare an energy conservation plan and to report regularly on their Criteria: Notification of items to be dealt with by transport operators for rationalization of their energy use energy consumption. as stipulated by the government in Articles 52 and 66 of the Law ¾ Owners above a certain level of scale are also obliged to prepare an energy conservation plan and to report regularly on their energy consumption in order to promote modal shift and conversion to independent transport. ¾ Individual operators are obliged to make efforts to reduce specific energy consumption by an annual average of 1% ●Criteria for cargo transport operators concerning rationalization of energy use related to cargo transport or more for a long-term and medium-term span. (2006 Ministerial Announcement No.7 of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry and Ministry of Land, [Measures related to all operators] Infrastructure, transport and Tourism) ●Criteria for passenger transport operators concerning rationalization of energy use related to Criteria for transport operators Criteria for owners passenger transport ○Numerical target: Specific energy consumption reduced by an annual average of 1% or more (2006 Ministerial Announcement No.6 of Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry and Ministry of Land, ○Energy conservation measures ○Energy conservation measures Infrastructure, transport and Tourism) ・Introduction of good-mileage vehicles ・Designation of a person responsible for energy conservation ・Promotion of eco-drive ・Modal shift ・Enhancing loading efficiency ・Approach to the joint ordering ・Targeting at reducing by an annual average rate of 1% specific energy consumption in the ・Reduction of transport by air ・Implementation of in-house training medium to long term [Measures related to specific transport operators and owners] ・Development of an in-house system for energy conservation Transport operators with the capacity Owners ordering load transport ・Introduction of efficient transport machinery and equipment of a certain level or( ※１more) (*1) exceeding a certain(※２) level (*2)
*1) 300 railway cars, 200 trucks, *2) Annual ordering amount ・Promotion of efficient operation (eco-drive) 20,000 gross tons or larger ships of 30 million ton-km or more Report to the Minister of Land, Infrastructure, Report to the competent minister (Once a year by the end of June) ・Efficient use of transport machinery and equipment for securing of back-haul cargo Transport and Tourism (Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry, (once a year by the end of June) Minister having jurisdiction over the business) ○Operators are obliged to report on the transition of their set unit of energy consumption and on the state of its * Equation to calculate the specific energy consumption for each transportation sector efforts for energy conservation every year. ・Cargo: [Energy consumption (kL)] / [transport ton-km (10,000 ton-km)] Adjuration, disclosure, order or fine in case there is excessive inadequacy in operators’ approach towards ・Passenger: [Energy consumption (kL)] / [Transport km (km)] energy conservation ・Aviation: [Energy consumption (kL)] /[available ton-km (ton-km)] 11 12 GHG Emissions Trend and Mid- to Long-Term Target in Japan
2007 +9.0% compared to 1990 Japan’s Greenhouse Gas Emissions 1,374 million tons Kyoto Protocol Target -6.0% compared to 1990 1,261 million tons
Mid-term target (2020)
-25% compared to 1990 Environmental Measures for 2010 (announced by then Prime Minister 1,258 million tons Hatoyama in September 2009) -0.3% compared to Housing and Buildings 1990
Kyoto Protocol commitment period Long-term target (2050) Housing Bureau, (2008 to 12) -80% compared to 1990 Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (Basic bill on global warming countermeasures)
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism 1
Review of Energy and Environmental Policies in Response to Great East Japan Earthquake and Nuclear Power Plant Accident and the Future Options Trend of Energy Consumption and CO2 Emissions in Housing and Buildings
Occurrence of Great East Japan Earthquake and nuclear power plant accident Total of 3 sectors (PJ) 1990-2010 8% increase
482 million tons Drastic review of energy and environmental strategies at the Energy and Environment Council, Industrial sector (factory etc.) subcommittee of the Council on National Strategy and Policy 1990-2010 422 million 䞉December 21, 2011: decision of basic policy for presenting options tons 䞉June 29, 2012: presentation of options related to energy and environmental issues Transportation 7% increase 23.2% 22.9% z 3 options related to energy and environmental issues 㼆㼑㼞㼛㻌㼟㼏㼑㼚㼍㼞㼕㼛 2010 15% scenario 20% to 25% scenario Transportation sector Before promoting measures After promoting measures 26.5% (automobile, etc.) 0% 0% 15% 20~25% Housing and buildings 33.2% Nuclear power ratio 26% 232 million (䕦25) (䕦25) (䕦10) (䕦5~䕦1) 1990-2010 217 million tons Business and other sectors tons 70% 65% 55% 50% Fossil fuel ratio 63% (commerce/service/business 217 million (+5%) (similar to current level) (䕦10) (䕦15) 35% increase tons 31.9% office etc.) 30% 35% 30% 25~30% 164 million tons 172 million
Renewable energy ratio 10% million t-CO2) (Unit: tons 34.8% (+20%) (+25%) (+20%) (+15~20%) 50.3% Ratio of non-fossil power 30% 35% 45% 50% 43.9% 37% Household sector 䕦 source ( 5%) (similar to current level) (+10%) (+15%) 127 million tons Approx. 1 trillion kWh Approx. 1 trillion kWh Approx. 1 trillion kWh Approx. 1 trillion kWh Energy conversion sector (power generator etc.) Power generation 1.1 trillion kWh 1990-2010 68 million tons 81million (䕦10%) (䕦10%) (䕦10%) (䕦10%) Industry tons 310 million kl 300 million kl 310 million kl 310 million kl 60 million tons 41million Final energy consumption 390 million kl 6% decrease (䕦19䠂) (䕦21%) (䕦19%) (䕦19%) 22 million tons Industrial process tons Waste (incineration, etc.) Greenhouse gas emissions 27million 䕦0.3% 䕦16% 䕦23% 䕦23% 䕦25% tons (compared to 1990)
䈜 Compiled based on materials of 21st joint meeting of Environment Subcommittee Panel on Infrastructure Development, working group on environment of Transportation System (FY) (FY) Subcommittee of Council of Transport Policy (July 19, 2012) 2 3 Main Causes of the Increase in Energy Consumption in Housing and Buildings Comparison of Energy Consumption per Household in the World Housing Buildings z Energy consumption for heating is much smaller in Japan than European and north American countries where the z Changes in lifestyle including increase in the number of z The main reason for the growth in energy consumption in z Energy consumption for heating is much smaller in Japan than European and north American countries where the z Changes in lifestyle including increase in the number of z The main reason for the growth in energy consumption in ratio is very high, whereas energy consumption for water heating and lighting and home appliances in energy households and use of electric device are believed to have buildings is believed to be changes in usage including the ratio is very high, whereas energy consumption for water heating and lighting and home appliances in energy households and use of electric device are believed to have buildings is believed to be changes in usage including the large impact on the growth of energy consumption in the increase in floor space and period of use (business hours). consumption is higher in Japan. large impact on the growth of energy consumption in the increase in floor space and period of use (business hours). consumption is higher in Japan. housing sector. z Climate and lifestyle differ greatly by country or region and, as a result, the structure of energy consumption differs. housing sector. Trend of Energy Consumption related to Buildings z Climate and lifestyle differ greatly by country or region and, as a result, the structure of energy consumption differs. and Floor Space Thus,Thus, energy energy saving saving measures measures that that suit suit their their own own country country or or region region are are needed. needed. Trend of Energy Consumption in Housing Sector Energy Consumption per Household (GJ/household, year) Average Monthly Temperature in Japan and Germany and Increase in Households Energy consumption Floor space Energy consumption Tokyo Asahikawa Aomori Naha Energy consumption/floor space Heating Water Cooking Lighting/ Lighting/home appliances/ Cooling Number of household heating home appliances Others Berlin Hamburg Munich Energy consumption/number of household US (2005) 40 20 30 8 99
UK (2007) 41 18 2 14 75
France (2007) 44 7 4 10 64
Germany (2007) 43 7 2 10 61
Source: FY2008 Energy Supply Demand Result (Resources and Energy Agency) Trend of Period of Use (business hours) by Building Usage Japan (2008) 10 15 3 15 144 Jan. Feb. March Apr. May June July Aug, Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. Source: FY2010 Energy Supply Demand Result Source: Weatherbase (Resources and Energy Agency) 1990 2005 Growth Unit Rate z Asahikawa z Naha (southernmost region) 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 (northern most region) Trend of Number of Device Owned per Household Department store 8.7 9.8 12.6% Business hours per day * Source: Jyukankyo Research Institute Inc. (compiled based on statistical data of each country Sep. 2010 * Note: Figures in parentheses are years of latest data of each county. Color TV 2.0 (FY1990)䊻2.4(FY2009) Convenience store 22.1 23.6 7% Business hours per day Cooking of the US is included in lighting, home appliances and others. Households of two or more people excluding one-person households in case of Japan. Cooking of 10.2 12.6 23.5% Business hours per day Japan is for gas and LPG excluding heating and water heating, excluding power for Air conditioner 1.3 (FY1990)䊻2.6 (FY2009) Large cooking. Supermarket Data of European countries does not include cooling. Refrigerator 1.2 (FY1990)䊻1.3 (FY2003) Medium- 10.4 11.4 9.6% Business hours per day sized For example, when compared with Germany, Computer 0.1 (FY1990)䊻1.2(FY2009) Self 10.6 11 3.8% Hours of buildings used per day owned •energy consumption for heating is one-fourth, Toilet seat with warm washer 0.0 (FY1990)䊻1.0(FY2009) Office Rent 11.2 11.8 5.4% Hours of buildings used per day •energy consumption for heating water and lighting and home DVD player 0.0 (FY1990)䊻1.2(Fy2009) appliances is 50 percent to 100 percent greater. Date released by Association of Department Stores and Japan Chain Stores Association and report on Source: Directory of energy and economic statistics (2011) building energy consumption in Kansai region䞉survey on energy consumption by large business establishments in Tokyo 4 Thick insulation Long eaves to keep the sun out 5
Past Energy Saving Efforts in Housing and Buildings Overview of Regulations on Housing and Buildings under Energy Saving Act
z Efforts are requested to be made to meet the standard for insulation of exterior wall and windows and air-conditioners (energy saving standard) when housing and buildings of a certain size are newly constructed and notification to prefectural governments Category 1970 ~ 1980 ~ 1990 ~ 2000 ~ 2010 ~ are required (instruction, announcement, order, penalty are issued or imposed when they are considered significantly insufficient) 2 2 • 1979 ~ Energy Saving Act (obligation to make best efforts) • Law revision in 2008 extended the target of the notification requirement (housing and buildings with floor space of 2,000 m or more Æ 300 m or more). • Energy saving standard is planned to be reviewed to use easy-to-understand indicators of energy consumption instead of standard using insulation specifications. • 2003 ~ (notification required) 䡗non-housing buildings with floor space of 2000m2 or more䡙 Regulations on new construction under Energy Saving Act (*) Regulations • 2006 ~ (notification requirement extended) based on 䡗housing with floor space of 2,000m2 or more䡙 ① 䡗major renovation etc. of housing and buildings with floor space of 2,000m2 or more䡙 Target Structure Requirements Security Measures when Energy Saving Efforts are Significantly Insufficient Energy Saving 䞉1980 ~ • 2009 ~ (housing top runner scheme introduced) Large buildings (2000m2 or more) Notification required Instruction, announcement, order, penalty (fines of 1 million or less) Act Energy-saving standard 䡗detached housing built by builders (150 or more houses/year) 䡙 (1980 standard) 2 2 • 1992 ~ (1992 standard) (enhanced) • 2010 ~ (notification requirement extended) Mid-sized buildings (300m to 2000m ) Notification required Recommendation (no penalty) • 1993 ~ (1993 standard) (enhanced) 䡗construction of houses and buildings with floor space of 300m2 or more䡙 Small buildings (less than 300m2) Efforts required No • 1999 ~ (1999 standard) (enhanced) • 2012 ~ Energy-saving standard (to be revised: Builders that build 150 or more ready-built detached Efforts required Recommendation, announcement, order, penalty (fines of 1 million or less) primary energy consumption standard) houses per year Labeling and • 2000 ~
Loan Energy Saving Standard (Housing) • 2007 ~ Flat 35S (preferential housing loan interest rate) 䕻Assessed based on insulation specifications of exterior wall and window 䕻Established in 1980 and enhanced in 1992 and 1999
Permanent (GJ/year, household) • 2008 ~ Program on advanced CO2-saving housing and buildings Ceiling ventilation system Budget insulation • 2008 ~ Renovation promotion program for energy saving 180mm 28 • 2010 ~ Housing eco-point Air conditioning 䌚 • 2012 ~ Program to promote zero-energy in for heating and 20 54% cooling Eaves of south ③ Incentives housing window 17 • 2008 ~ Taxation system to promote renovation for energy saving Exterior wall 13 insulation 100mm
Taxation Double-glass • 2009 ~
CASBEE-school Environmental Premises border Energy CASBEE real estate market (market version) (tentative) load Resources, materials Water discharge to outside premises , L (Load) Environment outside Housing vibration, etc. premises CASBEE-detached house-new construction
Image of Assessment Result CASBEE-detached house--existing
CASBEE checklist City development CASBEE-city development CASBEE-city development (simple version) CASBEE-city䠇building Energy saving measures Types of buildings required Energy saving measures Types of buildings required to notification became to report their energy saving notification became report their energy saving Urban city required in April 2006. measures were widened in required in April 2003. measures were widened in April April 2010. CASBEE-urban city 2010. * Estimate until FY2010 is based on a survey on distribution of the number of Notification programs by local governments * Ratio of floor space of buildings that comply with energy saving standard Under development households complying with housing insulation standard, and estimate for FY2011 z In 24 prefectures and government-decreed cities, notification and announcement of (Provisional) CASBEE-lot (1999 standard) out of all buildings with a floor space of 2,000䟝 or more (provisional figure) is based on the number of households for which eco points are CASBEE building assessment results was introduced for a certain scale of buildings. whose construction was certified in the applicable year issued (detached house) as well as notification survey of energy saving act 2011 result: 1,991 cases (result of notification programs by local governments) (Provisional) CASBEE-housing unit Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (condominium, etc.) 9
Assistance Measures related to Energy-Efficient Housing and Buildings Program to Promote Energy-Efficient Building Renovation 20122012 budget: budget: part part of of 17.3 17.3 billion billion JPY JPY
z z Fiscal,Fiscal, financial financial and and taxation taxation measures measures to to assist assist construction construction an andd renovation renovation of of energy-efficient energy-efficient housing housing and and buildings, buildings, which which Invite applications for energy-efficient renovation projects that include improvement of energy efficiency of exterior wall and includeinclude assistance assistance for for construction construction of of zero-energy zero-energy housing housing by by small small and and medium-sized medium-sized builders, builders, reduction reduction in in interest interest rate rate of of windows, etc., of buildings and renovation into energy efficient air conditioning and water heating facilities and assist part of housinghousing loans loans for for energy-efficient energy-efficient houses, houses, and and special special taxation taxation measure measure for for energy-efficient energy-efficient renovation. renovation. the renovation cost, thereby promoting improvement of energy efficiency of existing buildings. z Based on the bill on the promotion of low-carbon city development (currently under submission to the Diet), assistance in the *For promotion of further energy efficiency improvement, measure energy consumption from renovation work for continuous z Based on the bill on the promotion of low-carbon city development (currently under submission to the Diet), assistance in the energy management and energy-saving efforts. formform of of special special taxation taxation measures measures for for certified certified new new houses houses is is planned. planned. [Requirements] Budget Application approved if contents meet requirements and within the budget - Requirements Program to promote zero-energy housing Program on advanced CO2-
100
90 80
70
60 50 50
40 40 30 x 座標 Renovation into energy-efficient Renovation into energy Ꮨ䛾᪥ᑕྲྀᚓ technology. Solar power panel- ኟᏘ䛾᪥ᑕ㐽ⶸ made continuously, etc. framework (exterior wall) efficient facilities built-in glass - Target of assistance • Roof, exterior wall, etc. (insulation) • Air conditioning, 2012 budget: 䠤䠡䠩䠯 ᆅ୰⇕⏝ 2012 budget: Regular glass • Opening (double glass, etc.) ventilation, water heating, 2.3 billion JPY 㧗ຠ⋡⤥ჾ 㟁ụ 㧗ຠ⋡✵ㄪ figure in parenthesis of 17.3 billion JPY Renovation cost, facility cost, cost related to energy measurement. - Assistance ratio/limit • Sunlight block (eaves, louver, etc.), lighting, elevator, etc. etc. Housing eco-point program Project to promote energy- 1/3 50 million JPY (25 million JPY for facility cost)
Invite suggestions on leading housing and building projects with excellent CO2-saving capacity from the Project to promote CO2 emissions reduction from Mitani Sangyo Group’s new company building public sector and assist them to proactively promote CO2-saving of housing and buildings. ~ We want to play a leading role (abbr.: WSA Project) ~ Mitani Sangyo Co., Ltd. (approved in 2010 Phase 2) National government invites suggestions from the public [Application and Approval Results] Active introduction of energy generation (solar power and wind power generation), energy saving (desiccant air conditioning, high- Number of Number of FY of Approval sector. (assessed by experts) Application Approval Outline of efficiency lighting, etc.), energy storage (large lithium battery), technology to reduce environmental load, and use of biomass of local Phase 1 (Apr. 11-May 12, 2008) 120 10 Proposal production and consumption, which are more likely to spread in local areas and provide the building for local environmental education, FY2008 Phase 2 (Aug. 1-Sep. 12, 2008) 35 10 thereby promoting understanding of CO2-emissions saving technologies and contributing to vitalization of local industry. Phase 1 (Feb. 6-Mar. 31, 2009) 46 16 Address Ishikawa-gun, Ishikawa Prefecture Use Office FY2009 Project Implementation of leading projects Phase 2 (July 15-Aug. 25, 2009) 52 20 Outline Project period FY2010-2011 Floor space 3,563 m2 Renovation of Management system Phase 1 (Mar. 5-Apr. 9, 2010) 49 13 New construction FY2010 existing structure development, etc. Phase 2 (Ag. 16-Sep. 24, 2010) 42 14 Energy linking three types of energy generation systems (triple power generation) Phase 1 (May 12-June 30, 2011) 39 12 Reference Generation
Publicize project results Program on advanced CO2-saving housing and buildings Contribute to spread of efforts and awareness raising Source: Building Research Institute Advanced website on program on CO2-saving housing and buildings Rooftop garden for heat blocking and creation of 13 comfortable space
Zero Energy Government Buildings (model project) To Realize Zero Energy School ~report from panel on promotion of zero energy school (summary)~ (May 2012) 【Request for Focused Measure for Revitalization of Japan】
Combining active utilization of renewable energy and new technologies with complete application of energy saving School facilities are 䞉䞉䞉 Transformation into zero energy buildings in the report is Contribution to disaster 2012 requested amount • public facilities close to community and power saving technologies when constructing new government buildings to realize zero energy buildings as 431 million JPY to make annual energy consumption virtually zero prevention (serving as base for environmental education for through energy saving efforts to reduce energy a model project (completely new) students and shelter in case of disasters) Technologies for zero energy schools also consumption combined with the technology for energy contribute to maintaining building functions and • annual primary energy consumption is smaller than generation using solar power, etc. indoor environment in case of outbreak of disasters. “Toward Strategy for Revitalization of Japan” Based on “Toward Strategy for Revitalization of Japan” facilities for other purposes 䠇
Consumption renovation make efforts to transform into zero energy Annual Energy renewable energy blocking, daylight use Electric power Energy and environment-related system industry Promotion of energy efficiency improvement in public buildings buildings 䠉 Introduction of renewable energy, etc.
Reform for low-carbon, recycle-based, sustainable structure Active introduction of renewable energy and new technologies Feasibility of zero energy schools (simulation result) Use for environmental education If utmost efforts are made to large-scale solar power generation (+50%), in addition to thorough energy saving Use school facilities for environmental Zeroenergygovernmentbuilding(image) • Installation of solar power generation system Use of renewable energy (䕦50%), energy zero schools are feasible. education to deepen understanding and Solar power generation system • Introduction of heat source using renewable energy improve environmental awareness among Battery Example of utmost efforts local communities.
Primary Energy Consumption [mj/year.m2] Consumption Energy Primary Financial Eco-school pilot project Use program on Advanced CO2- Study implementation of model project for zero energy government buildings Energy Energy Energy Energy Energy Energy Energy Energy assistance saving housing and buildings, etc. generation generation generation consumption consumption consumption Standard Standard Utmost (Zero energy) effort Use super eco-school effort Demonstration Annual energy consumption of building *Estimated based on scenario of 9,000m2 RC building in Tokyo demonstration < Annual energy production using renewable energy Geothermal heat pump Solar power generation system Council for Promoting Housing and Living for (jointly established by METI, MLIT and MOE) Schedule towards Compliance with Energy Saving Standard of New Housing and Buildings Low-Carbon Society (Outline)
Purpose z The Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, Ministry of Environment, and Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, jointly established the Council for promoting Housing and Living for Low-Carbon Society to study compliance with energy saving standard of new housing and buildings by In order to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in Japan, it is necessary to further extend and enhance efforts in the civil sector (household 2020 and released an interim report and schedule on July 10. and business) whose emissions have increased more than other sectors compared to the 1990 level. To this end, concerned members shall discuss on housing, buildings and living to decide the course to be taken towards formulation of z Based on the issues below, requirements are imposed gradually in the order of large buildings, medium-sized buildings and small buildings. specific measures to attain a low-carbon society in 2020. [Issues to be solved for meeting the requirements] 䞉 Clarification of need and grounds of regulations on housing and buildings Members Interim report (released on July 10, 2012) 䞉 Consideration of balance with energy saving regulations on housing and buildings in other sectors and countries 䞉 Careful consideration to medium-sized and small builders ad carpenters Chair: Yoichi Kaya, Director, Research Institute of Innovative Technology for the I. Policy to promote “good” living 䞉 Study based on opinions that traditional wooden houses would not be built if the compliance with energy saving standard is imposed Earth 1. Basic idea Members: Hiroyuki Aoki, former chair, Zenkenren z Promotion of improvement of measures related to new construction, enhancement of existing stock and future human resources development to realize •Improvement of energy-saving property of housing and buildings Takao Kashiwagi, professor, Tokyo Institute of Technology low-carbon society Keiji Kimura, Director, Real Estate Companies Association of Japan •Enhancement of measures related to existing stock Representative director/chair, Mitsubishi Estate Co., Ltd. •Promotion of effective energy use of housing and buildings Yuzo Sakamoto, Director, Building Research Institute •Promotion of CO2 emissions reduction through overall lifecycle FY2012 FY2013 FY2014 FY2015 FY2016 FY2017 FY2018 FY2019 FY2020 FY2030 Yuko Sakita, journalist, environmental counselor Director, NPO Genki Net for Creating a Sustainable Society •Realization of benefit of comfort, etc., through CO2 emissions cut Representative, NPO Shinjuku Environmental Information Network •Vitalization of housing and construction market [Requiring compliance with energy saving standard of new housing and buildings ] Keiko Sakurai, professor, Faculty of Law, Gakushuin University 2. Course of measures to be taken Go Tamura, advisor, National Federation of Construction Workers’ Unions •Promotion of assessment and labeling of energy saving property of housing and Hidetoshi Nakagami, professor, Integrated Research Institute, Tokyo buildings Notification Institute of Technology, Managing director, Jyukankyo Research Institute Revision of required Compliance required Inc. •Preparation of environment for requiring compliance with energy saving standard of new Large energy (2,000䟝 or (2,000䟝 or more) Ben Nakamura, professor, Faculty of Engineering, Kogakuin Univ. housing and buildings saving more) Takeo Higuchi, Chair, Japan Federation of Housing Organizations •Promotion of renovation for energy saving of existing stocks standard Representative chair and CEO, Daiwa House Industry •Development of model projects in disaster-affected areas, etc. Notification Katsuji Fujimoto, Chair, Japan Construction Material and Housing Change to Compliance required Medium- required Equipment Industries Federation, Chair, Nippon Sheet Glass Co., Ltd. II. Policy to promote “good” living style” evaluation required (300 to 2,000m2) sized 2 Shuzo Murakami, Director, Institute for Building Environment and Energy 1. Basic idea method based (300 to 2,000m ) Conservation •Introduction of system to promote changes of lifestyle including working style on primary (in Japanese alphabetical order, honorifics omitted) Efforts Compliance •Introduction of system to promote effective use of sustainable energy energy Small Since there are views that traditional wooden houses cannot be build when the compliance with required required 2. Course of measures to be taken * consumption energy saving standard is imposed and that creativity related to housing that suits Japanese (less than (less than Meeting History •Promotion of efforts for low-carbon action through visualization of living and life style climate should be evaluated, discussions are continued among concerned experts. 300m2) 300m2) •Promotion of proper selection based on labeling of housing and buildings and facility 1st session (June 2010) launch of promotion council/ sorting out performance [Improvement of measures •Efforts for energy saving and electric power based on living style through experiences of Support for zero energy housing/support for model CO2 saving housing and buildings/certification and support of low-carbon housing and buildings, etc. current situation related to new construction] (Member interview, etc.) power saving after the earthquake 2nd session (November 2010) Sorting out points of discussions [Enhancement of existing stock ] Support for renovation into energy-efficient housing and buildings/promotion of performance of building materials and equipment based on advanced building III.Roles of the people, business operators and government materials and equipment program, etc. 3rd session (October 2011) Discussions based on Great East Japan IV. Schedule [Future human resources Support for medium-sized and small builders and carpenters to acquire techniques for energy-saving construction (5 years from 2012 to 2016)/study of Earthquake development ] evaluation method of traditional wooden houses, etc. 4th session (April 2012) Interim report (draft) 16 * Excerpt ad summary of Schedule for Promoting Housing and Living for Low-Carbon Society in interim report on Policy to Promote Housing and Living for Low-Carbon Society (July 10, 2012) 17
Low Carbon City Promotion Act (Outline) Criteria for Certification of Low-Carbon Building: principle
Background z Primary energy consumption will become more than 10 percent below the energy saving standard of Energy Saving The Great East Japan Earthquake triggered changes in energy supply/demand and raised awareness about energy and global warming issues among the Act. people. It is important to accumulate successful examples of low-carbon cities development and transportation system as well as to rationalize energy use z Other measures for low carbon emissions will be in place. in urban areas by promoting private sector investment, thereby vitalizing housing market and local economy. Criteria of energy-saving property Criteria of other measures for low carbon emissions Outline of Law 䕿 Primary energy consumption (excluding Certain measures as shown below are in place that are not taken z Formulation of basic policy (ministers of land, infrastructure, transport and tourism, environment and economy, trade and industry) consumption by home appliances, etc.) is more into consideration in standard of energy-saving property and yet z Certification of private low-carbon buildings, etc. than 10 percent below the energy saving standard contribute to reducing carbon emissions. z Formulation of low-carbon community development plan (municipalities) of Energy Saving Act.(*) 【Income and Other Tax Reduction for Low-Carbon Housing】 ○Introduction of HEMS ○ Concentration of urban functions Promotion of use of public transportation Water saving measure Increase in maximum Lowering of Year of amount of income tax ○ Visualization of energy Measures are taken to contribute Residence registration Concentration of hospital and welfare facility, ○ Bus line and LRT development, etc, communal 10% reduction (10 years) license tax rate consumption and thereby to water saving, which include condominiums, etc. transportation system Creation of private-sector certification program promote residents to take action use of water-saving equipment 4 million JPY Storage 0.1％ Special case of process for various business acts including 2012 (3 million JPY general) registration (0.15% general) ○ Development of integrated parking lots by private bus and railway services for low carbon emissions . and reusing rainwater. sector ○ Automobile CO2 emissions control 300 million JPY Transfer 0.1％ Special case of obligation to build parking lot in new construction 2013 (2 million JPY general) registration (0.3％ general) ○Pedestrian-friendly city development (footpath and bicycle road development, barrier-free efforts)
[Not included in calculation of floor-area ratio] Energy saving standard of Low-carbon standard Floor space exceeding regular building floor space related to Energy Saving Act facility for low-carbon building (battery, heat storage tank,
z The current assessment system of energy saving standard for housing and buildings in which outside insulation property and performance of individual facility z Under the current energy saving standards, it is difficult to objectively compare energy saving performances of are assessed separately is revised to use integrated assessment standard of the entire building, using primary energy consumption as the indicator. buildings as a whole. It is therefore necessary to revise it and introduce new standards that allow an overall z Set up a calculation method that allows proper assessment of energy saving property in accordance with the use and floor space. assessment based on primary energy consumption. z Outside standard (1999 level) of housing and buildings is required to be met in principle. z Because the target year of the advanced housing standard is FY2013, current standard is maintained in principle. Problems of current energy saving standard
z Under the current standard, total assessment of outside insulation and/or facilities cannot be made and thus it is Building energy saving standard Housing and Building energy saving standard difficult for owners and purchasers to compare their energy saving properties in an objective manner. Outside PAL Building z Indicators to assess energy saving property and area classification differ between housing and buildings. Heating and cooling CEC/AC Outside (*) z It is necessary to promote assessing self consumption of energy from solar power generation in addition to Ventilation CEC/V Heating and energy saving property. Water heating CEC/HW cooling Lighting CEC/L Ventilation Primary energy consumption (*)
Outside Outside Course of review of energy saving standard Heating and cooling Heating and cooling Primary energy consumption Primary energy z Use primary energy consumption as an indicator, as is used internationally, for housing and buildings to Ventilation
Review of Energy Saving Standard of Buildings (housing excluded) (draft) Idea of Primary Energy Consumption Standard of Buildings
z Basic conditions of buildings subject to assessment are: 䐟under the same conditions, 䐠calculated values based on the design Current energy saving standard specifications (designed means of energy saving is taken into consideration) (designed primary energy consumption) are 䐡 below 1 䕿 Insulation property of exterior wall and windows and when divided by calculated values based on standard specifications (standard primary energy consumption). 䕿 Established in 1980 and enhanced gradually in 1993 and 1999. efficiency of air conditioning, lighting, ventilation, water
Assessed individually EAC saving is taken into consideration) 䕻 Air -conditioner conditioning
Ventilation Standard specifications •Wind control using inverter, etc. 䠇 • Use of heat exchange EL Energy consumption of lighting ventilation 䕻 Water heater Energy consumption of lighting EsL •Use of high-efficiency water, etc. Before 1980 1980 standard 1993 standard 1999 standard 䠇 standard 䠇 • Utilization of daylight 䕻 Elevator * Energy consumption needed to have similar indoor environment as that E Energy consumption of water • Utilization of task and •Introduction of speed control system, etc. Energy consumption of water heating HW in 1980 (energy consumption index), when the energy consumption of heating ambient lighting buildings before 1980 standard (conventional type) is regarded as 1. EsHW 䠇 䠇 • Utilization of water- EEV Energy consumption of elevator saving water heater Energy consumption of elevator Es • Installation of solar EV 䠇 heat water heater Energy saving standard after review 䠇 E Energy consumption of office Energy consumption of office equipment, etc. *1 ETC *1 • Energy-saving methods of office 䕿Standard on primary energy consumption 䕿Standard on outside thermal performance equipment, etc. Es equipment are not taken into consideration. •Comprehensive assessment of insulation property of exterior wall and windows, efficiency of • Request for insulation property of current energy ETC 䠉 air conditioning, lighting, ventilation, water heating, elevator facilities, and efforts for energy saving standard level (1999) in view of the Introduced volume of renewable
z Standard of primary energy consumption for the entire building is calculated based on z Set different standard primary energy consumption level for approx. 200 types of usage in order to take into consumption level set in accordance with the purpose of the building’s usage and facility. consideration the difference of energy consumption per use (Standard value of each building use is set in the current PAL/CEC) 䐠 Use standard primary energy consumption per use 䐟 Classify by use and calculate to calculate it per facility. [E.g.: air conditioning] Office, etc. [Unit䠖MJ/m2xyear] floor space. 8 building use Standard Value of Floor Space Total of Each Use (GJ/year)
All use Hall, etc. Locker room Standard primary energy Standard primary Floor consumption by each energy space per Factory, etc. facility by each use consumption per =䌥㽢room (m2) facility (GJ/year) (GJ/m2xyear) 䕿 Energy load is calculated based on each facility’s fact survey on their operation time. Facility Item Length of air conditioning being used, lighting heat generation, number of people in room, device Air conditioning heat generation, etc. per year Length of ventilation being used, frequency of ventilation, ventilation type, total pressure loss, etc., 䐡 Add up standard primary energy consumption of each facility to calculate that of the entire building. Ventilation per year All facility Lighting Length of lighting being on, set lighting intensity, device type, maintenance rate, etc, per year Standard primary energy Standard primary energy consumption Water heating Number of days of water heater being used, volume of water being used, etc., per year consumption of entire building 䠙䌥 per facility (GJ/year) (GJ/year) 䕿 Based on the energy saving plan submitted in 2010 and 2011, specifications of the structure and facility are set based on which value of 24 Ministry ofthe Land, standard Infrastructure, primary energy Transport consumption and Tourism is calculated. 25
Assessment of Electric Power Generated by Energy Efficiency Improvement Facilities Overview of Housing Performance Labeling Program in the Designed Primary Energy Consumption Calculation
z In order to take into account efforts for efficient energy use in housing and buildings, energy generated for self Housing performance labeling program is related to basic housing performance which is: z Based on common rules (performance assessment items, performance assessment criteria set by the national government), consumption is subtracted from the amount of primary energy consumption when the electricity was generated by z impartial and neutral third-party organizations (registered housing performance assessment organization) energy use efficiency improvement facilities (e.g. solar power generator, etc.). z assess the performance based on grade, etc., through design document screening and inspection of construction site, and z houses to which assessment sheet(*) is issued are eligible for quick professional dispute settlement.
Calculation based on assessment of outside Automatic calculation based insulation property and facility performance on floor space and use 200,000 戸建住宅Detached house 21.0% 23.6%23.5% 19.9% 共同住宅Condominium 19.1% 19.3% 䐠 Power generated by 䐠 Calculation of electric power generated by solar power 䐦 Sound 新築住宅着工戸数比Ratio of new housing solar power Calculation of power generation based on amount of solar radiation in the area, panel environment䐦 䐤Air construction 150,000 156,341 angle, and power generation efficiency, etc. environment 15.6% 䐥Light & 193,562 134,547 105,656 visual env 13.7% 䐡 Calculation of self consumption 䐥 䐠 䐠ⅆ⅏䛾ᏳSafety in 100,303 137,077 11.7% case of fire 100,000 93,27892,092
z For example, a detached house with floor space of 120䟝 in Tokyo can achieve the standard by taking such energy saving z Standard of exterior heat performance is set based on the view point of maintaining appropriate indoor temperature distribution that is not included in the measures as installation of high-efficiency air-conditioner and water heater: assessment based on energy consumption such as heat shock and prevention of condensation. The current standard based on heat loss factor (Q value) is revised 71.9GJ (designed primary energy consumption) 䍺 79.9GJ (standard primary energy consumption). to a standard based on average outside heat transmission coefficient. z Since the ratio of houses meeting the energy saving standard is just about 50 to 60 percent as a result of hosing eco-point program and since that of small and z Reduction of designed primary energy consumption by enhancing insulation property also enables meeting the standard. medium-sized builders that supply approx. 40 percent of detached houses is estimated to be still less than 50%, the standard used will be equivalent to that in 1999.
Use of U Value and η Value Gained in Calculation of Primary Energy Consumption Training for Small and Medium-sized Builders to Improve Skills for Energy-Saving Design and Construction
z Primary energy consumption of heating and cooling is calculated using heat loss factor. z Carpenters and private builders are main suppliers of detached houses and yet are believed not to be fully familiar with energy- z Average outside heat transmission coefficient is calculated using the total outside heat loss used in saving techniques. calculating the heat loss factor. z Training for 200,000 of 400,000 carpenters across the nation is provided to improve their skills for energy saving design and construction in the five years following the current fiscal year.
z Approx. 40 percent of detached houses are built by small ●Training for small and medium-sized builders and carpenters Conventional Index New Index and medium-sized carpenters and builders. 䃛 䃖 Study on (Q, values) (Ue, e)
Number of carpenters
Ratio of carpenters Calculation of primary energy of heating aged 60 or older
and cooling National Census , Ministry of Internal 30 Affairs and Communications * Only the number of carpenters is released as quick estimation for 2010. 31 [FY2012 Budget] FY2012 budget (Focused Measure for Revitalization of Japan) 2.31 billion JPY FY2012 budget: part of 9 billion JPY Program to Promote Zero-Energy Housing FY2012 budget (Focused Measure for Revitalization of Japan) 2.31 billion JPY Program on Advanced Wooden Construction Technologies <
Efforts for zero-energy housing Structure of a certain scale that requires special legal measures, including Building Standards Act Main target of assistance: amount of additional cost occurred due to transformation into zero-energy housing, etc. Photosynthesis Assistance ratio: 1/2 (limit: JPY1.65 million/house) Facility with many users or public release of design and construction techniques, etc.
䕺 Image of Structure that Satisfy Requirements for Assistance Raising ceiling so that smoke accumulates upper area to Image of Zero-Energy House secure safety of evacuation route Houses with zero or almost zero annual primary energy consumption (net) due to improvement in energy-saving performance of housing structures and Fossil fuel Smoke in fire facilities, use of renewable energy, and so on. Forest Solar power Solar power water generation heater Terrace Office space 䕿 Use of wood for interior Reduction of heating and based on the act on safe 䕿 Fire-resistant structure that Highly insulated framework cooling load in spring and evacuation examination autumn through ventilation uses wooden hybrid structural Highly airtight members framework Wooden structure 標 y 座
100 90 80 70 60 50 50 <
Technical Training in Japan on Climate Change Mitigation Actions under JICA Technical Cooperation Project “Capacity Development Project on Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs) in the Republic of Serbia”
Visit to Panasonic Corporation
Agenda
- Date and time: 9:45am - 12:30pm, Friday, 2 November, 2012 - Venue: Main building and annex building (Eco Idea House), Panasonic Center Tokyo
* Consecutive Japanese-Serbian verbal interpretation is provided for each of following parts.
䠍䠊Commemorative photo (on the 1st floor of main building)…………...…. 5 minutes
䠎䠊Opening remarks (on the 4th floor of main building)…...…..…………... 25 minutes
- Greeting from JICA Expert Team - Explanation on the aim of trainees’ visit to Panasonic Center Tokyo and introduction of trainees by JICA Expert Team - Greeting from Panasonic Corporation - Movie on corporate activities by Panasonic Corporation (in English. With supplementary explanation by Serbian)
䠏䠊Tour of Panasonic Center Tokyo...... ……………………..…..………. 90 minutes
- Part I: Section on smart city on the 4th Floor of main building (Concept of smart city, introduction of technologies by subject) - Part II: Annex building (Eco Idea House) (Introduction of the abstract, introduction of technologies by subject)
㻌㻌㻌*Around 45 minutes for each part.
䠐䠊Exchange of opinions, etc (on the 4th floor of main building)..………... 45 minutes
- Introduction on corporate activities and factories of Panasonic Corporation in Europe - Questions and answers
Technical Training in Japan on Climate Change Mitigation Actions under JICA Technical Cooperation Project “Capacity Development Project on Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs) in the Republic of Serbia”
Visit to Sony Corporation
Agenda
- Date and time: 2:00am - 4:00pm, Friday, 2 November, 2012 - Venue: Sony City Osaki
* Consecutive Japanese-Serbian verbal interpretation is provided for each of following parts. * Photographs of equipment are allowed.
1. Greeting from JICA Expert Team, introduction of trainees (at conference room, 3rd floor) …………………………….….…………….. 5 minutes
- Greeting, explanation on the aim of visit to Sony Corporation and introduction of trainees by JICA Expert Team
2. Greeting from Sony Corporation, introduction on activities by Sony Corporation...... …………………….…… 35 minutes
“Sony Group’s Environmental Targets and Environmental Considerations for Office Buildings”
By Takushi Tamura Corporate Workplace Solutions, Sony Corporation
3. Tour of Sony City Osaki…………………………………….…………….. 60 minutes
- Roof: Rooftop greening, solar power generation panels, and equipment of EcoCute - 7th floor (Balcony area on the south side): Solar power generation panels, and BIOSKIN on the outer wall - Disaster control center on 1st floor: Control system of BIOSKIN and air conditioning - 2nd basement: Heat sources management room (Turbo refrigerators, heat exchangers, etc.) - 2nd floor, and exterior of Sony City Osaki: Greening in the building site - Section of seismically isolated structure
4. Questions and answers (at conference room on the 3rd floor)….…..... 20 minutes
Technical Training in Japan on Climate Change Mitigation Actions under JICA Technical Cooperation Project “Capacity Development Project on Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs) in the Republic of Serbia”
Lecture by Yokohama City Government and visit to Minato Mirai 21 District Heating and Cooling Co., Ltd.
Agenda
- Date and time: 9:30am - 12:15pm, Monday, 5 November, 2012 - Venue: 5th floor and Center Plant of Minato Mirai 21 District Heating and Cooling Co., Ltd. (hereinafter mentioned as “MM21 DHC”)
* Consecutive Japanese-Serbian verbal interpretation is provided for each of following parts.
䠍䠊Opening remarks (on the 4th floor of main building)…...…..…………..... 5 minutes
- Greeting, explanation on the objectives of the training - Introduction of trainees
䠎䠊Lectures by Yokohama City Government………………..…..………. 40 minutes
“Yokohama Smart City Project” (*Introduction of measures and actions by Climate Change Policy Headquarters, Yokohama City)
By Mr. Toshinori Mishima Climate Change Policy Headquarters, Yokohama City
䠏䠊Greeting from MM21 DHC……………………………………………….…. 5 minutes
䠐䠊Movie on corporate activities by MM21 DHC….…………………….... 25 minutes
䠑䠊Tour of Center Plant of MM21 DHC...... ……………………..…..……. 60 minutes
䠒䠊Questions and answers (on the 4th floor of main building)..…….…..... 30 minutes 㻌
Technical Training in Japan on Climate Change Mitigation Actions under JICA Technical Cooperation Project “Capacity Development Project on Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs) in the Republic of Serbia”
Visit to Fuchu Factory, Toshiba Corporation
Agenda
- Date and time: 9:30am - 12:45pm, Tuesday, 5 November, 2012 - Venue: Fuchu Factory, Toshiba Corporation
* PHOTOGRAPHS ON FUCHU FACTORY PROPERTY ARE NOT ALLOWED.
䠍䠊Opening remarks (at conference room of Fuchu Factory)...…………..... 5 minutes
- Greeting, explanation on the aim of visit to Fuchu Factory of Toshiba Corporation by JICA Expert Team - Introduction of trainees by JICA Expert Team
* Consecutive Japanese-Serbian verbal interpretation is provided for this part.
䠎䠊Lecture by Toshiba Corporation㻌 (with questions and answers)…….. 45 minutes
- Movie on measures and actions by Fuchu Factory (in English) - Lecture on corporate measures and actions on smart community by Toshiba Corporation
* Consecutive English-Serbian verbal interpretation is provided for lecture by Toshiba Corporation.
䠏䠊Tour of Fuchu Factory………………………………………………….…. 60 minutes
- Facilities for solar power generation (#11-5F) - Exhibition room on micro energy management system (䃛EMS) and advanced metering infrastructure (AMI)
* Consecutive Japanese-Serbian verbal interpretation is provided for this part.
䠐䠊Closing Remarks………………………………………………….……….. 10 minutes
* Consecutive English-Serbian verbal interpretation is provided for this part.
䠑䠊Lunch and rest (scheduled at conference room of Fuchu Factory)...... 45 minutes 㻌
Technical Training in Japan on Climate Change Mitigation Actions under JICA Technical Cooperation Project “Capacity Development Project on Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs) in the Republic of Serbia”
Lecture at Ministry of the Environment, Japan
Agenda
- Date and time: 10:00am - 12:00pm, Wednesday, 7 November, 2012 - Venue: Conference Room of Global Environment Bureau, Ministry of the Environment, Japan (17th floor of Daido Seimei Kasumigseki Building)
*Consecutive Japanese-Serbian verbal interpretation is provided for each of following parts.
䠍䠊Opening remarks…………………………………………………….………. 5 minutes
- Greeting and explanation on the aim of visit to Ministry of the Environment, Japan - Introduction of trainees (by JICA Expert Team)
䠎䠊Lectures……………………………………………………….……………. 80 minutes
- “Japan's Climate Change Policies” 㻌㻌㻌by Shuichiro Niihara 㻌㻌㻌Low-carbon Society Promotion Office, Global Environment Bureau, Ministry of the Environment, Japan
- “Voluntary Action Plan” - “FY2011 Evaluation and Verification of the Voluntary Action Plan on the Environment: Results and Future Issues (provisional translation)” - “Japan’s policy on renewable energy deployment to mitigate climate change” 㻌㻌㻌 by Takayuki Shigematsu Climate Change Policy Division, Global Environment Bureau, Ministry of the Environment, Japan
- “Outline of the Bilateral Offset Credit Mechanism (tentative name)” 㻌 by Tappei Tsutsumi Deputy Director of Office of Market Mechanisms, Global Environment Bureau, Ministry of the Environment, Japan
䠏䠊Questions and answers, exchange of opinions………………..…..…. 35 minutes
Voluntary Action Plan
¾ Each industry sets its own target and make an effort to achieve the target. The government evaluates/verifies the plans strictly through advisory councils, etc. in order to secure the achievement. ¾ Industries choose their targets based on either 1) CO2 intensity, 2) absolute CO2 reduction amount, 3) energy intensity, or 4) total energy consumption. ¾ Voluntary action plans are considered the main countermeasure in the Kyoto Protocol target achievement plan in industrial and energy-conversion sectors. (Note) 114 industry sectors established (53 industry sectors, 42 business sectors, 17transportation sectors, 4 energy conversion sector) *as of June 2012
◆Outline of Progress(FY2011) Performance in FY2008 CO Emissions CO Emissions (Compared to base year) 2 CO Emissions 2 Target Index Base Year Target Level (10,000 tons-CO ) 2 (Compared to base ( ): Performance in FY2007 2 (Compared to previous year) (FY2008) year) (Compared to base year) Federation of Electric Power CO emission 31,700 2 FY1990 ▲20% ▲16.1%(▲15.8%) ＋3.5% ＋15.3% Companies of Japan intensity (3,100) Not integrated Japan Iron and Steel Energy consumption FY1990 ▲10% ▲6.7% (▲17.2%) 18,602 ＋12.4% ▲7.3% Federation Japan Chemical Industry Energy intensity FY1990 ▲20% ▲17% (▲15%) 5,980 ＋3% ▲3% Association
Petroleum Association of Japan Energy intensity FY1990 ▲13% ▲16%(▲16%) 3,963 ＋1% ＋28.1%
CO emission intensity ▲16% ▲24.0% (▲19.7%) Japan Paper Association 2 FY1990 1,840 ▲3.9% ▲27.5% Energy intensity ▲20% ▲25.4% (▲22.1%) ◆ Amount of depreciation of Kyoto Mechanism Credits etc
Industry Actual results in FY2010 Actual results in FY2009 Actual results in FY2008 Total
Federation of Electric Power Companies 57 million t-CO 52 million t-CO 64 million t-CO 173 million t-CO of Japan 2 2 2 2
Power Producers and Suppliers 137 thousand t-CO2 238 thousand t-CO2 85 thousand t-CO2 460 thousand t-CO2