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Finite State Morphology and Sindhi Noun Inflections
PACLIC 24 Proceedings 669 Finite State Morphology and Sindhi Noun Inflections Mutee U Rahman, Mohammad Iqbal Bhatti Department of Computer Science, Isra University, Hala Road, Hyderabad Sindh 71000, Pakistan [email protected], [email protected] Abstract. Sindhi is a morphologically rich language. Morphological construction include inflections and derivations. Sindhi morphology becomes more complex due to primary and secondary word types which are further divided into simple, complex and compound words. Sindhi nouns are marked by number gender and case. Finite state transducers (FSTs) quite reasonably represent the inflectional morphology of Sindhi nouns. The paper investigates Sindhi noun inflection rules and defines equivalent computational rules to be used by FSTs; corresponding FSTs are also given. Keywords. Sindhi, morphology, noun inflections, two-level morphology, finite state morphology. 1 Introduction Morphology deals with word formation rules in a language. Word structures of a language are defined by its morphological constructions. Morphology defines that how smaller meaning bearing units called morphemes are combined to make larger meaning bearing units of a language called words. Morphology also deals with word formation by variations in already existing words. The morphological changes are mostly done by suffix addition, subtraction and replacement phenomenon. In few words morphology can be defined as syntax of word formation. Models for computational analysis of morphology always remained challenge for computational linguists until early 1980’s when 4Ks* discovered the two level morphology (Kaplan, R. M. and M. Kay. 1981) the first general model for morphologically complex languages. This two level morphology represents a word at lexical level and surface level. Morphotactics or morpheme ordering model is used in between these two levels to incorporate morphological changes. -
Honour Killing in Sindh Men's and Women's Divergent Accounts
Honour Killing in Sindh Men's and Women's Divergent Accounts Shahnaz Begum Laghari PhD University of York Women’s Studies March 2016 Abstract The aim of this project is to investigate the phenomenon of honour-related violence, the most extreme form of which is honour killing. The research was conducted in Sindh (one of the four provinces of Pakistan). The main research question is, ‘Are these killings for honour?’ This study was inspired by a need to investigate whether the practice of honour killing in Sindh is still guided by the norm of honour or whether other elements have come to the fore. It is comprised of the experiences of those involved in honour killings through informal, semi- structured, open-ended, in-depth interviews, conducted under the framework of the qualitative method. The aim of my thesis is to apply a feminist perspective in interpreting the data to explore the tradition of honour killing and to let the versions of the affected people be heard. In my research, the women who are accused as karis, having very little redress, are uncertain about their lives; they speak and reveal the motives behind the allegations and killings in the name of honour. The male killers, whom I met inside and outside the jails, justify their act of killing in the name of honour, culture, tradition and religion. Drawing upon interviews with thirteen women and thirteen men, I explore and interpret the data to reveal their childhood, educational, financial and social conditions and the impacts of these on their lives, thoughts and actions. -
Mango Production in Pakistan; Copyright © 1
MAGO PRODUCTIO I PAKISTA BY M. H. PAHWAR Published by: M. H. Panhwar Trust 157-C Unit No. 2 Latifabad, Hyderabad Mango Production in Pakistan; Copyright © www.panhwar.com 1 Chapter No Description 1. Mango (Magnifera Indica) Origin and Spread of Mango. 4 2. Botany. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 9 3. Climate .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 13 4. Suitability of Climate of Sindh for Raising Mango Fruit Crop. 25 5. Soils for Commercial Production of Mango .. .. 28 6. Mango Varieties or Cultivars .. .. .. .. 30 7. Breeding of Mango .. .. .. .. .. .. 52 8. How Extend Mango Season From 1 st May To 15 th September in Shortest Possible Time .. .. .. .. .. 58 9. Propagation. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 61 10. Field Mango Spacing. .. .. .. .. .. 69 11. Field Planting of Mango Seedlings or Grafted Plant .. 73 12. Macronutrients in Mango Production .. .. .. 75 13. Micro-Nutrient in Mango Production .. .. .. 85 14. Foliar Feeding of Nutrients to Mango .. .. .. 92 15. Foliar Feed to Mango, Based on Past 10 Years Experience by Authors’. .. .. .. .. .. 100 16. Growth Regulators and Mango .. .. .. .. 103 17. Irrigation of Mango. .. .. .. .. .. 109 18. Flowering how it takes Place and Flowering Models. .. 118 19. Biennially In Mango .. .. .. .. .. 121 20. How to Change Biennially In Mango .. .. .. 126 Mango Production in Pakistan; Copyright © www.panhwar.com 2 21. Causes of Fruit Drop .. .. .. .. .. 131 22. Wind Breaks .. .. .. .. .. .. 135 23. Training of Tree and Pruning for Maximum Health and Production .. .. .. .. .. 138 24. Weed Control .. .. .. .. .. .. 148 25. Mulching .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 150 26. Bagging of Mango .. .. .. .. .. .. 156 27. Harvesting .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 157 28. Yield .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 163 29. Packing of Mango for Market. .. .. .. .. 167 30. Post Harvest Treatments to Mango .. .. .. .. 171 31. Mango Diseases. .. .. .. .. .. .. 186 32. Insects Pests of Mango and their Control . -
Techniques of Remote Sensing and GIS for Flood Monitoring and Damage Assessment: a Case Study of Sindh Province, Pakistan
The Egyptian Journal of Remote Sensing and Space Sciences (2012) 15, 135–141 National Authority for Remote Sensing and Space Sciences The Egyptian Journal of Remote Sensing and Space Sciences www.elsevier.com/locate/ejrs www.sciencedirect.com Research Paper Techniques of Remote Sensing and GIS for flood monitoring and damage assessment: A case study of Sindh province, Pakistan Mateeul Haq *, Memon Akhtar, Sher Muhammad, Siddiqi Paras, Jillani Rahmatullah Pakistan Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission (SUPARCO), P.O. Box 8402, Karachi 75270, Pakistan Received 22 February 2012; revised 14 May 2012; accepted 26 July 2012 Available online 24 September 2012 KEYWORDS Abstract Remote Sensing has made substantial contribution in flood monitoring and damage Remote Sensing & GIS; assessment that leads the disaster management authorities to contribute significantly. In this paper, Flood monitoring; techniques for mapping flood extent and assessing flood damages have been developed which can be Damage assessment; served as a guideline for Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographical Information System (GIS) oper- Temporal resolution ations to improve the efficiency of flood disaster monitoring and management. High temporal resolution played a major role in Remote Sensing data for flood monitoring to encounter the cloud cover. In this regard, MODIS Aqua and Terra images of Sindh province in Pakistan were acquired during the flood events and used as the main input to assess the damages with the help of GIS analysis tools. The information derived was very essential and valuable for immediate response and rehabilitation. Ó 2012 National Authority for Remote Sensing and Space Sciences. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. -
Sindh Irrigation & Drainage Authority
Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized PREFACE The report in hand is the Final (updated October 2006) of the Integrated Social & Environmental Assessment (ISEA) for proposed Water Sector Improvement Project (WSIP). This report encompasses the research, investigations, analysis and conclusions of a study carried out by M/s Osmani & Co. (Pvt.) Ltd., Consulting Engineers for the Institutional Reforms Consultant (IRC) of Sindh Irrigation & Drainage Authority (SIDA). The Proposed Water Sector Improvement Project (WSIP) Phase-I, being negotiated between Government of Sindh and the World Bank entails a number of interventions aimed at improving the water management and institutional reforms in the province of Sindh. The second largest province in Pakistan, Sindh has approx. 5.0 Million Ha of farm area irrigated through three barrages and 14 canals. The canal command areas of Sindh are planned to be converted into 14 Area Water Boards (AWBs) whereby the management, operations and maintenance would be carried out by elected bodies. Similarly the distributaries and watercourses are to be managed by Farmers Organizations (FOs) and Watercourse Associations (WCAs), respectively. The Project focuses on the three established Area Water Boards (AWBs) of Nara, Left Bank (Akram Wah & Phuleli Canal) & Ghotki Feeder. The major project interventions include the following targets:- • Improvement of 9 main canals (726 Km) and 37 branch canals (1,441 Km). This includes new lining of 50% length of the lined reach of Akram Wah. • Control of Direct Outlets • Replacement of APMs with agreed type of modules • Improvement of 173 distributaries and minor canals (1527 Km) including 145 Km of geomembrane lining and 112 Km of concrete lining in 3 AWBs. -
Traditional Knowledge Systems and the Conservation and Management of Asia’S Heritage Rice Field in Bali, Indonesia by Monicavolpin (CC0)/Pixabay
ICCROM-CHA 3 Conservation Forum Series conservation and management of Asia’s heritage conservation and management of Asia’s Traditional Knowledge Systems and the Systems Knowledge Traditional ICCROM-CHA Conservation Forum Series Forum Conservation ICCROM-CHA Traditional Knowledge Systems and the conservation and management of Asia’s heritage Traditional Knowledge Systems and the conservation and management of Asia’s heritage Rice field in Bali, Indonesia by MonicaVolpin (CC0)/Pixabay. Traditional Knowledge Systems and the conservation and management of Asia’s heritage Edited by Gamini Wijesuriya and Sarah Court Forum on the applicability and adaptability of Traditional Knowledge Systems in the conservation and management of heritage in Asia 14–16 December 2015, Thailand Forum managers Dr Gamini Wijesuriya, Sites Unit, ICCROM Dr Sujeong Lee, Cultural Heritage Administration (CHA), Republic of Korea Forum advisors Dr Stefano De Caro, Former Director-General, ICCROM Prof Rha Sun-hwa, Administrator, Cultural Heritage Administration (CHA), Republic of Korea Mr M.R. Rujaya Abhakorn, Centre Director, SEAMEO SPAFA Regional Centre for Archaeology and Fine Arts Mr Joseph King, Unit Director, Sites Unit, ICCROM Kim Yeon Soo, Director International Cooperation Division, Cultural Heritage Administration (CHA), Republic of Korea Traditional Knowledge Systems and the conservation and management of Asia’s heritage Edited by Gamini Wijesuriya and Sarah Court ISBN 978-92-9077-286-6 © 2020 ICCROM International Centre for the Study of the Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Property Via di San Michele, 13 00153 Rome, Italy www.iccrom.org This publication is available in Open Access under the Attribution Share Alike 3.0 IGO (CCBY-SA 3.0 IGO) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/igo). -
Sympathy and the Unbelieved in Modern Retellings of Sindhi Sufi Folktales
Sympathy and the Unbelieved in Modern Retellings of Sindhi Sufi Folktales by Aali Mirjat B.A., (Hons., History), Lahore University of Management Sciences, 2016 Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in the Department of History Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences © Aali Mirjat 2018 SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY Summer 2018 Copyright in this work rests with the author. Please ensure that any reproduction or re-use is done in accordance with the relevant national copyright legislation. Approval Name: Aali Mirjat Degree: Master of Arts Title: Sympathy and the Unbelieved in Modern Retellings of Sindhi Sufi Folktales Examining Committee: Chair: Evdoxios Doxiadis Assistant Professor Luke Clossey Senior Supervisor Associate Professor Bidisha Ray Co-Supervisor Senior Lecturer Derryl MacLean Supervisor Associate Professor Tara Mayer External Examiner Instructor Department of History University of British Columbia Date Defended/Approved: July 16, 2018 ii Abstract This thesis examines Sindhi Sufi folktales as retold by five “modern” individuals: the nineteenth- century British explorer Richard Burton and four Sindhi intellectuals who lived and wrote in the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries (Lilaram Lalwani, M. M. Gidvani, Shaikh Ayaz, and Nabi Bakhsh Khan Baloch). For each set of retellings, our purpose will be to determine the epistemological and emotional sympathy the re-teller exhibits for the plot, characters, sentiments, and ideas present in the folktales. This approach, it is hoped, will provide us a glimpse inside the minds of the individual re-tellers and allow us to observe some of the ways in which the exigencies of a secular western modernity had an impact, if any, on the choices they made as they retold Sindhi Sufi folktales. -
Paper Template
International Journal of Arts, Culture, Design & Language Kambohwell Publishers Enterprises Vol. 6, Issue 05, PP. 01-10, May 2019 wwww.kwpublisher.com Block Printing in Sindh, AJRAK and other Contemporaray Products Asra Jan, Bhai Khan Shar Abstract— The purpose of the study is to record the oldest printing firmly believe that the shawl draped on the figure of printing technique hand-block printing and preserve its the priest-king is Ajrak and trefoil motif is actually kakar3 1 evergreen product Ajrak which is the traditional textile of pattern but this theory is debatable as no printing evidence has Sindh. To find out the reasons of abandoning this traditional been discovered yet (Bilgrami 1990, p.19). craft and to witness the difference in block printing done before and now. Different towns of Sindh were visited and eleven artisans (Ajrak-maker/block-printer and block-maker) were interviewed and a questionnaire was filled. The results illustrate that they are suffering from many problems but one of the major problem is lack of clean water which is badly affecting their business. It was also observed that traditional Ajrak formats and patterns are disappearing as only one or two patterns are mostly used nowadays. Whereas the machine block printing has somehow also affected the traditional craft. Despite all the problems they are still so passionate about this craft that they are training their children as well but there are certain evidences that Ajrak-making may not remain a family business anymore as it may be transferred to outsiders in future. However, they have also invented different contemporary products using various types of fabrics and patterns in hand-block printing according to the demand of the Figure 1. -
Autobiography of M H Panhwar
CONTENTS NO. TITLE PAGE NO. INTRODUCTION 1 1. MY MATERNAL GRAND FATHER’S HOUSE, MY BIRTH PLACE AND THE SPOT WHERE I WAS BORN. 4 2. LOOKING AT SKIES AT NIGHT. 7 3. THE LAST JOURNEY OF SALEH, THE FATHER OF MY MATERNAL GRANDFATHER AHMED 8 4. USE OF LEFT HAND FOR EATING FOOD. 10 5. HUBBLE-BUBBLE. 11 6. MY VILLAGE. 12 7. HEALTH CARE IN THE VILLAGE. 16 8. VISITORS TO THE VILLAGE. 19 9. MY ANCESTORS. 20 10. MY GREAT GRAND MOTHER. 24 11. MY GRAND FATHER. 25 12. MY FATHER. 27 13. HOONDA WILL YOU EAT BEEF. 30 14. COBRA BITES MY UNCLE. 32 15. MY BUJKI. 35 16. DEVELOPING OF READING HABIT. 36 17. I WILL GROW ONLY FRUIT TREES. 41 18. KHIRDHAHI AND AIWAZSHAH GRAVEYARD. 43 19. GETTING SICK, QUACKS, HAKIMS, VACCINATORS AND DOCTORS. 46 20. MUHAMMAD SALEH PANHWAR’S CONTRIBUTION TO UPLIFT OF VILLAGE PEOPLE 50 21. A VISIT TO THE INDUS. 54 22. I WILL NEVER BE AN ORPHAN. 60 23. MY GRANDFATHER’S AGRICULTURE. 70 24. OUR PIRS OF KHHIYARI SHARIF. 73 25. MOSQUE OF THE VILLAGE. 76 26. THE DRAG LINE OR EXCAVATOR 79 27. DOOMSDAY OR QAYAMAT IS COMING - A PREDICTION 81 28. SEPARATION OF SINDH FROM BOMBAY PRESIDENCY 84 29. IN SEARCH OF CALORIES AND VITAMINS 86 30. OUR POULTRY 91 31. OUR VILLAGE CARPENTER 93 32. OUR VILLAGE SHOEMAKER 95 33. BOOK SHOP AT MAKHDOOM BILAWAL 99 34. WALL MOUNTED MAPS AND CHARTS IN SCHOOL 102 35. WELL IN THE VILLAGE “EUREKA” 104 36. OUR VILLAGE POTTER 108 37. -
Essays on the History of Sindh.Pdf
Essays On The History of Sindh Mubarak Ali Reproduced by Sani H. Panhwar (2019) CONTENTS Introduction .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 Historiography of Sindh .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 6 Nasir Al-Din Qubachah (1206-1228) .. .. .. .. .. .. 12 Lahribandar: A Historical Port of Sindh .. .. .. .. .. 22 The Portuguese in Sindh .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 29 Sayyid Ahmad Shahid In Sindh .. .. .. .. .. .. 35 Umarkot: A Historic City of Sindh .. .. .. .. .. .. 39 APPENDIX .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 49 Relations of Sindh with Central Asia .. .. .. .. .. .. 70 Reinterpretation of Arab Conquest of Sindh .. .. .. .. .. 79 Looters are 'great men' in History! .. .. .. .. .. .. 81 Index .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 85 INTRODUCTION The new history creates an image of the vanquished from its own angle and the defeated nation does not provide any opportunity to defend or to correct historical narrative that is not in its favour. As a result, the construction of the history made by the conquerors becomes valid without challenge. A change comes when nations fight wars of liberation and become independent after a long and arduous struggle. During this process, leaders of liberation movements are required to use history in order to fulfil their political ends. Therefore, attempts are made to glorify the past to counter the causes of their subjugation. A comprehensive plan is made to retrieve their lost past and reconstruct history to rediscover their traditions and values and strengthen their national identity. However, in some cases, subject nations are so much integrated to the culture of their conquerors that they lose their national identity and align themselves with foreign culture. They accept their version of history and recognize the aggressors as their heroes who had liberated them from their inefficient rulers and, after elimination of their out- dated traditions, introduced them to modern values and new ideas. -
Fluvial Landscapes of the Harappan Civilization PNAS PLUS
Fluvial landscapes of the Harappan civilization PNAS PLUS Liviu Giosana,1, Peter D. Cliftb,2, Mark G. Macklinc, Dorian Q. Fullerd, Stefan Constantinescue, Julie A. Durcanc, Thomas Stevensf, Geoff A. T. Dullerc, Ali R. Tabrezg, Kavita Gangalh, Ronojoy Adhikarii, Anwar Alizaib, Florin Filipe, Sam VanLaninghamj, and James P. M. Syvitskik aGeology and Geophysics, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543; bSchool of Geosciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, United Kingdom; cInstitute of Geography and Earth Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth SY23 3DB, United Kingdom; dInstitute of Archaeology, University College London, London WC1H 0PY, United Kingdom; eDepartment of Geography, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, 70709, Romania; fDepartment of Geography, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, United Kingdom; gNational Institute of Oceanography, Karachi, 75600, Pakistan; hSchool of Mathematics and Statistics, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom; iThe Institute of Mathematical Sciences, Chennai 600 113, India; jSchool of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, AK 99775-7220; and kCommunity Surface Dynamics Modeling System (CSDMS) Integration Facility, Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research (INSTAAR), University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0545 Edited by Charles S. Spencer, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, and approved March 20, 2012 (received for review August 5, 2011) The collapse of the Bronze Age Harappan, -
The Story of Sindh, an Economic Survey 1843
The Story of Sindh ( An Economic Survey ) 1843 - 1933 By: Rustom Dinshow Choskey Edited with additional notes by K. Shripaty Sastry Lecturer in History University of Poona The Publication of the Manuscript was financially supported by the Indian Council of Historical Research and the responsibility for the facts stated, opinions expressed or conclusion reached is entirely that of the author and the Indian Council of Historical Research accepts no responsibility for them. Reproduced by Sani H. Panhwar (2015) TO FATIMA in Grateful Acknowledgement For all you have done for me ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Our heartfelt thanks are due to the members of the Choksey family for kindly extending their permission to publish this book. Mr. D. K. Malegamvala, Director and Mr. R. M Lala Executive Officer of The Sir Dorab Tata Trust, Bombay, took keen interest in sanctioning a suitable publication grant for this book. Prof. H. D. Moogat, Head, Department of Mathematics, N. Wadia College, Poona was a guide, and advisor throughout when the book went through editing and printing. We are grateful also to the Indian Council of Historical Research, New Delhi for extending financial support for the publication of this book. Dr. A. R. Kulkarni, Head, Department of History, Poona University was a constant source of inspiration while the book was taking shape. CONTENTS Chapter One - Introduction .. .. .. .. Page - 1 Government and life during the tune of the Mirs – Land revenue and other sources of income - Kinds of seasons, soil and implements - Administration of the districts - Life in the Desert - Advent of the British - Sir Charles Napier in Sindh - His administration, revenue collection, trade, justice etc.