Structuring Green Open Space in Marginal Settlements in the City of Jakarta, Indonesia
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Published by : International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) http://www.ijert.org ISSN: 2278-0181 Vol. 5 Issue 06, June-2016 Structuring Green Open Space in Marginal Settlements in the City of Jakarta, Indonesia Hinijati Widjaja Departemen of Landscape Architecture Faculty of Landscape Architecture and Environmental Technology Trisakti University – Jakarta - Indonesia Abstract— Clean air, good atmosphere and eyes glued to the economic changes, political policy, lifestyle and culture. In greenery of trees to be the desire of the city. Sadly most of the addition it also affected due to the dynamics of government people who live and stay alive to earn a living in Jakarta do not policies regarding the appropriate Regional Autonomy Law take a hint or rules applicable to improve the quality of the No. 32 Year 2004. existence of a State Capital It thus indirectly participate effect occurs growing Some communities have ignored the public space as a inequality between cities in Indonesia. Among them because socializing area, jogging, children's playground, mingle. While there Local Government capable of utilizing these regulations the facilities are already available are frequently targeted for to spur the growth of the city. But there is a government in destruction, vandalism, stolen equipment supporting a green areas that are still unprepared and confused to use the open spaces such as garden lamps, park benches and iron fence. momentum right to the maintenance of the area without help But people who know consider "normal" on the action and does or guidance from the central government in Jakarta, including not want to act to secure the green open space or report to the in matters of budget utilization for the benefit of regional police. development and welfare. Other causes due to the absence of "Clean Government". People who do not care as it was because they were apathetic to the actions of law enforcement officers, when reporting the The pace of economic development and socio-cultural theft or destruction of public facilities. Because they instead dynamics and politics is very rapid especially in Metropolitan were bombarded with various questions cornered and asked for Jakarta and surrounding areas, an impact which eventually led operational costs, or money under the pretext of administrative to the emergence of the needs of infrastructure development costs for police officers to search for the thief or vandal garden. on land with the macro-scale and widespread. During the If convicted in the court process, the thief only imposed a light reign today in the capital city under the Governor Basuki sentence or even released by the judge. Viewed in these things so Tjahja Purnama (inducted in 2014), plans to build new that it is no wonder the green open spaces be diminishing its settlements for marginalized communities managed by the value, except for the green open spaces in several places on the Government in the form of "flats", or was termed also by way protocols are fairly well maintained. former Governor Joko Widodo as "hometown series " both Governor of Jakarta Special Capital Region, Basuki Tjahja held in Jakarta and in the cities around them, or in big cities Purnama who was appointed in 2014, has a land acquisition such as Bandung, Surabaya and others, then the model cities plan and to restore the function of the initial allotment of land such as Jakarta can be regarded as a model of a city of service into green open spaces. In an effort to restore the land allotment, in it filled with activity community life. and move the illegal community, the Governor has the right Tangerang, Bogor, Bekasi and Depok as a city that is plan to build new settlements for marginalized communities around the capital Jakarta could be a "satellite city" of Jakarta, managed by the government in the form of "flats". However, we which has emerged as a container that can be expected to recommend to the arrangement of the plants in the open green space settlements marginal, not planted just an ornamental support all the city's infrastructure plan. By opening itself as a plant, but the type of plants that have multifunctional, among city service, then automatically the need for infrastructure will others, as a shade tree, produces fruit, as a medicinal plant, as also be developed. Factors location of a satellite town very well as herb plants that can be processed into healthy food. In close to Jakarta, is a perfect support to the areas planned as a order to create a quality residential environment marginal, neighborhood place to live, work, relax and play. Therefore, a happy and healthy. wide range of facilities with a planned suburban scale to meet the needs of residents in marginal settlements are managed by Keywords— Green open space, the Setup, marginal the Government. With an ideal the division of the region into settlements. the 70 percent area awoke and 30 percent green area remains a challenge in the make it happen. I. INTRODUCTION The movement of the existence of green open space is the Jakarta as the capital of the Republic of Indonesia, same from time to time, which only amounts to 5 percent. For including in the zone country with two seasons, the summer that much needed creativity of thought leaders in the capital half-year and half-year longer rainy season. In general, urban city in the process of land available, and expected without development in Indonesia is much influenced by their socio- IJERTV5IS060002 www.ijert.org 76 (This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.) Published by : International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) http://www.ijert.org ISSN: 2278-0181 Vol. 5 Issue 06, June-2016 always blame the planning system in force. However, this Minister of Public Work issued Ministerial Regulation No.05 / policy had caused social impact. Additionally reaction PRT / M / 2008 on Guidelines for the Provision and Use of antipathy of those who already occupy the area that actually is green open space in urban area mentioned, that the concept of not a legal settlement area. Those marginal groups who do not green open space is an elongated area / lane and or groups, understand the importance of open green space or do not care whose use more open, a place to grow plants, whether grown about the necessity of water catchment areas. This last is then plants naturally or are deliberately planted. In Law No. 26 of often becomes a discourse of certain political parties.. 2007, is specifically mandated the need for the provision and utilization of green open space, which is the proportion of its II. PROBLEM OF STUDY range set at least 30% (thirty percent) of the total area of the First, how a marginal residential areas managed by the city. government can not be separated from the environment and builder. Second, how the implementation of concrete steps to Green open space in Urban Area by regulation of the plans marginal settlements become an ideal environment, Minister of Home Affairs No. 1 of 2007, concerning the green these green open space as one of the most important parts of open spaces of urban areas is part of the open space an urban the environment that will be discussed. area populated by plants and crops to support ecological, social, cultural, economic, and aesthetic. III. METHODOLOGY Details of the guidelines to the Minister of Public Works IV. STUDY LITERATURE No. 05 / PRT / M / 2008 on Guidelines for the Provision and According Thohir (1985) the city is seen as an entity that use of open green space in urban areas issued by the is closed and is the center of economic activity, social, Directorate General of Spatial Planning Department of Public political and cultural as well as having a certain authority in Works, Article 2: Guidelines for the Provision and Utilization the country, located in the geographic position remains, and is of green open space in Urban Area for the purpose of: the "brain" of the surrounding area. While urban areas, there is a. Provide references that facilitate stakeholders both a region that has a major non-agricultural activities with the municipalities, planners and stakeholders, in planning, composition as a function of the area of urban settlements, designing and managing the construction of green open space. centralization and distribution, government services, social services and economic activities. b. Provide practical guidance to stakeholders in the green The debate about the theory among city planners that open space planning and design development and occur between Lewis Mumford and Thomas Adams (1963) in management of green open space Suparlan (1996 pp. 3-1). They debate was centered on the c. Provide material public campaign about the importance concept of life which is planned in the city. Lewis Mumford of open green space for urban public life. saw that the city as an artificial environment must be an integral part of the natural environment and of the functions of d. Provide information to the widest public and social and economic, the overall integrated. While Thomas stakeholders on the need for open green space as forming a Adams saw that the city should be a comfortable place for its comfortable space for activities and residence. citizens and community life can thrive, because it is stressed The guidelines then also strengthened with the issuance of in the planning of a residential space low population density Ministry of Home Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia with open spaces that much materialized as parks and forests Number. 27 Year 2014 on Guidelines for Preparation, Control city. and Evaluation Work Plan for Regional Development Year Further conveyed by Suparlan (1996), based on the above 2015 Listed on: explanation in the specialized area of the capital Jakarta, as well as in large cities and modern, it is necessary guidelines Appendix II, No11.b.