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Dream Cartography Research Collection Doctoral Thesis Dream Cartography. Mapping Dream Space and Content for an Exploratory Analysis of Dreams Author(s): Iosifescu Enescu, Cristina M. Publication Date: 2019 Permanent Link: https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-b-000381774 Rights / License: In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted This page was generated automatically upon download from the ETH Zurich Research Collection. For more information please consult the Terms of use. ETH Library DISS. ETH NO. 26164 Dream Cartography Mapping Dream Space and Content for an Exploratory Analysis of Dreams A thesis submitted to attain the degree of DOCTOR OF SCIENCES of ETH ZURICH (Dr. sc. ETH Zurich) presented by Cristina Mihaela IOSIFESCU ENESCU Dipl.-Eng. Geodesy, UTCB Bucharest MSc. Psychology, UZH Zurich born on 30.10.1979 citizen of Zurich ZH and Romania accepted on the recommendation of Prof. Dr. Lorenz Hurni Prof. Dr. William Cartwright 2019 For my dear husband Ionuț and for our three sons Row, row, row your boat Gently down the stream Merrily, merrily, merrily, merrily Life is but a dream Nursery rhyme, 1852 Summary The objective of Dream Cartography is to map dream content by deveLoping neW visuaLization methods and adapting existing ones as graphicaL means for an exploratory dream anaLysis. It encompasses documenting, modeLLing, and graphicaLLy depicting the dream space and other reLevant psychologicaL aspects of dreams in a meaningful, abstracted way. The dream space is fundamentaLLy different from the reaL space, especiaLLy because it is not possible to consciousLy visit the place of the dream again. One Way to address this setting issue is through data acquisition, and therefore means for getting a more accurate description of the dream experience and particularly of the dream setting are examined. Furthermore, a neW type of Volunteered GeographicaL Information (VGI) is proposed: the fictionaL VGI (F-VGI). The sociaL aspect of dreams is exploited, arguing that not only the dreamer, but aLso a third party may contribute to the fictionaL geography. The dream setting is modeLLed, based on the systematic study of dream reports, on Literature in dream psychology, geography and narratology, and on tWo empiricaL surveys. The first one is an online survey, With a convenience sample, ansWered by more than 300 persons and deaLs With generaL aspects of dream settings, such as What are eLements, by Which dreamers recognize a dream place. The second one is a paper-and-penciL survey, applied to an academic group composed of 30 cartography and geoinformation speciaLists. It contributes to the definition of the components of a setting. For example, one component is the dreamer’s famiLiarity With that place. This famiLiarity is used for buiLding a straightforward modeL, Which is the base for the place cookie diagram, visuaLized in form of concentric circLes. In totaL, 26 dimensions are iden- tified, Which extensiveLy characterize a setting. These dimensions are grouped into eight factors, Which are: reLation to geospace vs. role of space, society vs. morphology, individuaL vs. generaL exposure, and attention vs. environment. The obtained modeL is used to create a visuaL profiLe of the dream setting, named setting spider, in form of a radar chart With eight “Legs”. Moreover, a simiLar modeL is buiLt for a dream scene, resulting into the so-caLLed event spider. The proposed profiLes enabLe comparisons of different dream settings, or of different dreams, respectiveLy. They can be used as uni- or multivariate point symbols on a thematic Layer on top of a dreamLand map. AdditionaLLy, the set-up of Web platform for mapping dreams is discussed and a functionaL prototype is implemented, featuring tools for data acquisition, for anaLyzing, graphicaL tools reLated to map creation and editing (e.g. map colLage), and visuaLizations for different dream topics, such as picture frames for emotions or a graph-netWork for sociaL interactions. FinaLLy, it is argued that the deveLoped data modeLs can be aLso adopted for reaL-Life settings and events, therefore contributing to a better aWareness of space in generaL, and acknowLedging personaL experiences as vaLuable for mapping reaL-Life places. In a future continuation of this research, the application of such a dynamicaL modeL of the setting to reaL-Life places could for example bring neW insights for touristic places, or for spatiaL and settLement deveLopment in an urban environment. i ii Zusammenfassung (German) Das ZieL der Traum-Kartografie ist, TrauminhaLte abzubiLden, indem neue VisuaLisierungsme- thoden entWickeLt und bestehende aLs grafisches MitteL für eine explorative TraumanaLyse an- gepasst Werden. Sie umfasst das Dokumentieren, ModeLLieren und grafische DarsteLLen der Traum-Umgebung und anderer reLevanten psychologischen Aspekten von Träumen in sinnvol- ler, abstrahierter Weise. Der Traum-Raum unterscheidet sich grundlegend vom reaLen Raum, zumaL es nicht möglich ist, den Ort eines Traumes Wieder beWusst zu besuchen. Eine Möglichkeit, dieses ortsbezogene Problem zu Lösen, besteht in der Datenerfassung. Daher Werden MitteL untersucht, um eine ge- nauere Beschreibung der Traumerfahrung und insbesondere des Traumortes zu erhaLten. Aus- serdem Wird ein neuer Typ von Volunteered GeographicaL Information (VGI) vorgeschlagen: die fiktionaLe VGI (F-VGI). Der soziaLe Aspekt der Träume Wird damit berücksichtigt und es Wird argumentiert, dass nicht nur Träumer, sondern auch Dritte zur fiktiven Geografie beitragen können. Der Schauplatz, die Umgebung des Traums, Wird modeLLiert - dies basierend auf systematischer Untersuchung von Traumberichten, Literatur zu Traumpsychologie, Geografie und Narratolo- gie und auf zWei empirischen Umfragen. Die erste ist eine Online-Umfrage mit einer WiLLkür- Lichen Stichprobe von mehr aLs 300 Personen, die sich mit aLLgemeinen Aspekten von Traum- Schauplätzen befasst, z. B. mit ELementen, anhand derer Träumer einen Traumort erkennen. Die zweite ist eine Papier-und-Bleistift-Umfrage, die mit einer Gruppe von 30 akademischen Kartografie- und Geoinformations-Experten durchgeführt Wurde. Diese trägt zur Definition der BestandteiLe der Umgebung bei. Eine Komponente ist beispieLsWeise die Vertrautheit des Träu- mers mit dem Traumort. Diese Vertrautheit Wird verwendet, um ein einfaches ModeLL zu ersteL- Len, das die Grundlage des Place-Cookie-Diagramms biLdet, ein Diagramm in Form konzentri- scher Kreise. Insgesamt Werden 26 Dimensionen identifiziert, die den Schauplatz Weitgehend charakterisieren. Diese Dimensionen Werden in acht Faktoren gruppiert: Bezug zum geogra- phischen Raum und RolLe des Raums, GeseLLschaft und Morphologie, individuelle und aLLge- meine Abdeckung sowie Aufmerksamkeit und UmWeLt. Das erhaLtene ModeLL Wird verwendet, um ein visueLLes ProfiL der Traumumgebung zu ersteLLen, den Setting Spider in Form einer Ra- darkarte mit acht „Beinen“. Dazu Wird ein ähnliches ModeLL für eine Traumszene entWickeLt, aus dem der sogenannte Event Spider hervorgeht. Die vorgeschlagenen ProfiLe ermöglichen den Vergleich verschiedener Traumschauplätze bzW. verschiedener Träume. Sie können aLs uni- oder multivariate Punktsymbole in einer thematischen Ebene auf einer TraumLandkarte verWendet Werden. Darüber hinaus Wird der Aufbau eines Web-PortaLs zur Kartierung von Träumen erörtert und ein funktionaLer Prototyp implementiert, der Tools zur Datenerfassung, zur AnaLyse, grafische Werzeuge zur KartenersteLLung und -bearbeitung (z. B. KartencolLage) und VisuaLisierungen für verschiedene Traumthemen enthäLt, wie z. B. BiLderrahmen für Ge- fühle oder Graphen-Netze für soziaLe Interaktionen. iii SchliessLich Wird argumentiert, dass die entWickeLten DatenmodeLLe auch für reaLe Umgebun- gen und Ereignisse übernommen Werden können, Was zu einem besseren RaumbeWusstsein im ALLgemeinen beitragen könnte und persönliche Erfahrungen aLs WertvolL für die Kartierung re- aLer Orte anerkennt. In einer zukünftigen Fortsetzung dieser Forschung könnte die Anwendung eines solchen dynamischen ModeLLs der Umgebung auf reaLe Orte neue Erkenntnisse bringen, die für touristische Orte oder für die Raum- und SiedlungsentWicklung im städtischen UmfeLd reLevant sein können. iv Rezumat (Romanian) Obiectivul Cartografiei ViseLor este de a carta conținutul viseLor prin dezvoltarea de noi metode de vizuaLizare, precum și adaptarea ceLor existente, ca mijLoace grafice pentru o anaLiză explorativă a viseLor. Acesta cuprinde documentarea, modeLarea și reprezentarea grafică atât a spațiului visat, cât și a aLtor aspecte psihologice reLevante pentru vise, într-un mod compact, abstractizat. Spațiul visat diferă în mod fundamentaL față de spațiul reaL, mai aLes pentru că nu este posibiL să revizităm Locul din vis în mod conștient. O modaLitate de a aborda această problemă a Locului visat este prin achiziția de date și, prin urmare, sunt examinate diferite mijLoace pentru a obține o descriere cât mai exactă a experienței visului și în speciaL a locuriLor din vis. Mai mult, este propus un nou tip de informație geografică voluntară (VGI): VGI fictiv (F-VGI). În acest feL este exploatat aspectul sociaL aL viseLor, argumentând că nu numai ceL care a visat, ci și o terță parte, poate contribui la geografia fictivă. Locul, ambianța din vis, sunt modeLate cu ajutorul unui studiu sistematic aL rapoarteLor despre vise, al Literaturii de speciaLitate în psihologia viselor, în geografie și naratologie și cu ajutorul a două sondaje empirice. Primul este un sondaj online, cu un eșantion de conveniență, la care au răspuns peste 300 de persoane. Acest sondaj
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