007 - a Marca Que Nunca Morre

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007 - a Marca Que Nunca Morre Departamento de História 007 - A Marca que Nunca Morre Filipa Dias Duarte Moreira Dissertação submetida como requisito parcial para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Gestão e Estudos da Cultura, Especialização em Gestão Cultural Orientadora: Doutora Maria João Mendes Vaz, Professora Auxiliar ISCTE - Instituto Universitário de Lisboa Coorientadora: Mestre Caterina Foà, Investigadora CIES - Instituto Universitário de Lisboa Outubro, 2015 Departamento de História 007 - A Marca que Nunca Morre Filipa Dias Duarte Moreira Dissertação submetida como requisito parcial para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Gestão e Estudos da Cultura, Especialização em Gestão Cultural Orientadora: Doutora Maria João Mendes Vaz, Professora Auxiliar ISCTE - Instituto Universitário de Lisboa Coorientadora: Mestre Caterina Foà, Investigadora CIES - Instituto Universitário de Lisboa Outubro, 2015 Agradecimentos: Agradeço ao Dr. Paulo Pimenta e ao Sr. Bruno Oliveira da Delegação da Aston Martin Portugal, ao Dr. Nuno Neves dos Santos da Tempus Internacional, e ao Dr. Duarte Fernandes da Heritage Wines, pela disponibilidade demonstrada em colaborar e pelas informações e materiais disponibilizados, sem os quais não teria sido possível a concretização desta investigação. Agradeço à Professora Maria João Mendes Vaz e à Professora Caterina Foà, pela orientação e ajuda prestada ao longo deste último ano. Deixando um especial agradecimento à família e aos amigos por toda a ajuda, paciência e apoio prestado ao longo destes últimos meses, e que muito contribuíram para a o sucesso desta investigação. i ii Resumo: Esta dissertação de mestrado tem como objeto de estudo a marca James Bond – 007 e as estratégias de product placement que lhes estão relacionadas. A personagem James Bond foi criada em 1953 pelo escritor inglês Ian Fleming, e passou para o cinema em 1962 através da produtora EON Productions, que ao longo de mais de 50 anos desenvolveu um produto cinematográfico que originou uma verdadeira indústria e permitiu o surgimento de uma marca forte, mundialmente conhecida e de grande relevância cultural. Os conceitos da marca, identidade da marca e product placement balizam esta investigação, que tem o intuito de perceber quais as razões do sucesso e durabilidade da marca James Bond – 007, através de duas perguntas de partida que fundamentam a linha de pensamento desta dissertação: Quais são os principais componentes distintivos da marca James Bond – 007?; A marca James Bond – 007 existe independentemente das estratégias de product placement dos produtos associados?. Sendo que, os objetivos principais passam por analisar a relação que existe entre a marca James Bond – 007 e as estratégias de product placement dos produtos associados, e traçar os elementos distintivos do sucesso da marca James Bond – 007, que podem ser aplicados a outros produtos ou marcas. A presente dissertação foi estruturada segundo uma metodologia de investigação qualitativa de pesquisa intensiva e foca-se no período temporal compreendido entre 2012 e 2015, caracterizando-se por fazer um paralelismo constante entre o país de origem da marca, a sua situação no território português, e o seu posicionamento mundial. Palavras-chave: Marca, Identidade da Marca, Produto, e Product Placement. iii iv Abstract: This Master's Thesis has the brand James Bond – 007 and product placement strategies that are related to it as its subject. The literary character James Bond was created in 1953 by British writer Ian Fleming, and it was portrait for the first time in cinema in 1962 by the production company EON Productions, which for over 50 years has developed a cinematic product that helped to create an industry and allowed the rise of a strong brand, famous worldwide and with a high cultural relevance. The concepts of brand, brand identity and product placement are central to the study. It aims to understand the reasons behind the success and durability of the brand James Bond – 007 through two initial questions that underlie this dissertation: What are the main distinctive components of the brand James Bond – 007?; Can the brand James Bond – 007 exist independently of the product placement strategies?. The main objectives of this research are to analyse the relationship between the brand James Bond – 007 and product placement strategies of associated products, and to trace the key elements of its success so they may be applied to other products or brands. This work was structured according to a qualitative research methodology of intensive research and focuses on the time period between 2012 and 2015. This study also makes a continuous parallel between the brand’s country of origin, its situation in the Portuguese setting and its global positioning. Keywords: Brand, Brand Identity, Product, and Product Placement. v vi Índice INTRODUÇÃO 1 CAPÍTULO I – Metodologia 1.1 – Perguntas de Partida e Objetivos 5 1.2 – Metodologia Qualitativa e Definição da Amostra 6 1.3 – Fontes 1.3.1 – Filmes 9 1.3.2 – Entrevistas 11 1.3.3 – Sites, Redes Sociais e Publicidades 13 CAPÍTULO II – Contextualização Histórico-geográfica do 007 2.1 – Ian Fleming e o 007 17 2.2 – Mais de 50 anos de 007 22 2.3 – James Bond, Ficção e Realidade 28 2.4 – James Bond e a sua relação com Portugal 34 CAPÍTULO III – Conceito de Marca 3.1 – A Marca e o Produto 39 3.2 – Identidade da Marca e os seus Elementos 43 3.3 – A Marca James Bond – 007 e o seu Produto 47 3.4 – A Economia da Imagem e a importância do Herói 55 3.5 – As Marcas Aston Martin, Bollinger e OMEGA e os seus Produtos 3.5.1 – Aston Martin 60 3.5.2 – Bollinger 63 3.5.3 – OMEGA 67 CAPÍTULO IV – Conceito de Product Placement 4.1 – Product Placement e a Indústria do Entretenimento (Cinema) 71 4.2 – Fleming e a Publicidade 75 4.3 – James Bond e o Product Placement no Cinema 78 vii CAPÍTULO V – Apresentação de Resultados 5.1 – As páginas Web e as Redes Sociais 85 5.2 – Os Filmes 92 5.3 – As Entrevistas 94 5.4 – As Publicidades 99 CONCLUSÃO 101 FONTES 105 BIBLIOGRAFIA 111 ANEXOS I viii Índice de Quadros Quadro 5.1 – Evolução dos parceiros oficiais da marca James Bond – 007, entre setembro de 2014 e setembro de 2015. Quadro 5.2 – Destaques dados no site oficial da marca James Bond – 007 aos produtos da gama 007 das marcas suas parceiras, entre setembro de 2014 e setembro de 2015. Quadro 5.3 – Análise comparativa dos conteúdos das páginas web dedicadas à marca James Bond – 007, dos sites das marcas Aston Martin, Bollinger e OMEGA. Quadro 5.4 – Análise comparativa dos conteúdos das páginas Facebook da marca James Bond – 007 e das marcas Aston Martin, Bollinger e OMEGA, entre outubro de 2014 e setembro de 2015. Quadro 5.5 – Grelha comparativa das três entrevistas realizadas aos representantes em Portugal, das marcas Aston Martin, Bollinger e OMEGA. ix x Índice de Figuras Figura 3.1 – 007 Gun logo, Gun Barrel/Iris logo, “Silhouette” logo, respetivamente. Figura 3.2 – Imagem cronológica (da esquerda para a direita) de todos os atores que interpretaram a personagem James Bond. Sean Connery, George Lazenby, Roger Moore, Timothy Dalton, Pierce Brosnan e Daniel Craig. Figura 3.3 – Imagem do ator Sean Connery a interpretar o papel de James Bond no 1.º filme da saga, Dr. No. Esta imagem representa a cena em que pela primeira vez surge o 007 no ecrã e se apresenta com a mítica frase “Bond, James Bond”. Figura 3.4 – Evolução do logotipo da marca Aston Martin, desde 1927 até à atualidade. Figura 3.5 e 3.6 – Aston Martin DB10 e Aston Martin DB9 GT Bond Edition, respetivamente. Figura 3.7 – Logotipo da Bollinger, selo de qualidade da casa real Inglesa, garrafas e rótulos da Bollinger Special Covée, respetivamente. Figura 3.8 – Edições especiais da Bollinger, Bollinger SPECTRE 007 Limited Edition Crystal e Bollinger SPECTRE 007 Limited Edition, respetivamente. Figura 3.9 – Logotipo da OMEGA, juntamente com o slogan da sua marca, numa campanha protagonizada por George Clooney. Figura 3.10 – Edições limitadas do 24.º filme do 007: OMEGA Seamaster Aqua Terra 150M James Bond Limited Edition e OMEGA Seamaster 300 “SPECTRE” Limited Edition, respetivamente. xi xii Glossário de Siglas CBC – Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, rede de televisão canadiana. CBS – Columbia Broadcasting System, rede de televisão e rádio americana. CEO – Chief Executive Officer. DVD – Digital Versatile Disc. EGEAC – Empresa de Gestão de Equipamentos e Animação Cultural. EUA – Estados Unidos da América. MI6 – Military Intelligence Section 6, agência de inteligência britânica que se dedica à recolha de informação de interesse nacional fora do Reino Unido. NASA – National Aeronautics and Space Administration, agência americana responsável pela investigação e desenvolvimento do programa aeroespacial dos EUA. ONU – Organização das Nações Unidas. R.U. – Reino Unido. URL – Uniform Resource Locators. VHS – Video Home System. xiii xiv INTRODUÇÃO Atualmente, vivemos num mundo onde as imagens e a informação têm um papel determinante nas nossas vidas. A publicidade e o marketing estão presentes em quase todos os campos da nossa sociedade e nunca foi tão imprescindível como agora perceber qual a melhor forma de fazer passar uma ideia ou mensagem. Os ícones culturais, as “celebridades” e as marcas nunca tiveram tanta importância, poder e influência no nosso quotidiano como nos dias de hoje. Nesse sentido, decidiu-se tomar como objeto de estudo para a presente dissertação de mestrado a marca James Bond – 007. James Bond, também conhecido por 007, é uma personagem literária criada em 1953 por Ian Fleming. Este escritor e jornalista, também conhecido como membro da divisão de Inteligência Naval da Marinha Inglesa, cria na década de 1950 uma das personagens mais marcantes da história literária, e posteriormente cinematográfica, do século XX. James Bond é um famoso agente secreto do serviço de espionagem britânico da MI6 que ficou imortalizado nas telas de cinema a partir do ano de 1962 com o filme Dr.No.
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