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Gloria Steinem- a Feminist Activist Key Words: Radical with a Difference (A Study of Her Feminist, Reproductive Major Views) Freedom, Activist, Equality and Justice

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Gloria Steinem- a Feminist Activist Key Words: Radical with a Difference (A Study of Her Feminist, Reproductive Major Views) Freedom, Activist, Equality and Justice [ VOLUME 1 I ISSUE 2 I APRIL-JUNE 2014 ] E-ISSN 2348 –1269 Research Paper1 English Literature Gloria Steinem- A Feminist Activist Key Words: Radical with a Difference (A Study of her Feminist, reproductive major views) freedom, activist, equality and justice. Dr. Sunita Nimavat Assistant Professor of English at N.P.College of Computer & Mgt., Kadi (North Gujarat). ABSTRACT Gloria Steinem is one of the most influential radical feminists of our times. Born in the USA, she struggled a lot and emerged as a champion of women‟s rights. Her focus has been on reproductive freedom of women. She believes that men have subjugated women by controlling their reproductive system. It is a means of expressing patriarchal authority for men. Steinem favours abortion and opposes pornography, genital mutilation and discrimination against transsexuals and same sex marriages. She believes that feminism has come a long way. It has garnered political support creating more favourable environment. Referring to Indian Women, she said that there is a growing awareness about their rights and freedom among Indian women. Gloria Steinem is one of the most suppressed. Now they demand justice, not radical and controversial feminists of our protection. Women have now realized that time. Recently, she was in India to attend what they need is justice, not protection. Jaipur Literary festival where she talked Even men have now tired of playing the about the major concerns of women‟s role of protectors. They too have realized liberation movement today. She said that the gender stereotypes are not good for feminist movement has matured now them too. Gloria Steinem‟s feminist views attaining majority support and quite often are original and profoundly relevant today. succeeding in achieving political support Gloria Steinem was born on March also. She referred to Delhi gang rape case 25,1934 in Toledo, Ohio ( USA ). She is a and said that it is as though there is a political social activist who became sudden and dramatic realization in Indian nationally recognized as a spokesperson of Women of their self-worth. It was like women‟s liberation movement. She lightening a match to dry tinder. Twenty emerged as a feminist activist during the years ago, women would have been 1960‟s and 1970‟s. She is also a prominent 62 IJRAR- International Journal of Research and Analytical Reviews [Research Paper1 I ISSUE 2 I FEBRU [VOLUME 1 I ISSUE 2 I APRIL-JUNE 2014] E-ISSN 2348 –1269 writer and a recognized counterculture family but his exit naturally aggravated the political figure. She wrote columns for the situation. Her mother did not hold on to a New York Magazine and co-founded job for longer periods as there was a magazine „Ms‟. She wrote an article After general hostility towards working women Black Power ,women’s Liberation in 1969 in those days. Gloria also saw that doctors which made her a famous national treated women in apathetic manner. Many feminist. In 2005, Steinem worked with years later, Steinem described her mother‟s Jane Fonda and co-founded women‟s experiences being fundamental to her Media canter that works for amplifying understanding of social injustices against women‟s voices in the media through women. She realized that women did not advocacy, media and training. Even at the enjoy social and political equality which is age of 79, She is an active commentator, the basis of true and healthy feminist writer, organizer , lecturer and activist. ideology. Steinem was born of Leo Steinem, the son Steinem attended Waite High School in of a Jewish immigrant from Germany and Toledo and Western High School in Poland and Ruth Nuneviller, a Washington D.C. from which she Presbysterian Scottish and German graduated before attending Smith College. descent. Her parents lived and travelled She spent two years in India in the late about in a trailer from which Leo her father 1950‟s as a Chester Bowles Asian Fellow. worked as an antiques dealer. When Gloria On her return to the USA, she served as a was only three, her mother suffered a director of the Independent Research severe nervous breakdown that trapped her Service. It was funded by a secret donor. in delusions and fantasies. She had to Later, it turned out to be the CIA. In 1960, spend long periods in sanatoriums for the she joined Warren Publishing as a part of mentally challenged. In 1944, her parents the „Help!‟ magazine. Her journalism separated and her father went to California career started when she was assigned to for work while she and her mother lived in write regarding contraception. Toledo, Ohio. The breakup made deep For some time, she was employed at New impact on her emotionally and York Playboy Club as Playboy Bunny but psychologically. Her father had never eventually she landed a job at New York provided a stable financial support to the magazine in 1968. Her playboy bunny IJRAR- International Journal of Research and Analytical Reviews 63 [ VOLUME 1 I ISSUE 2 I APRIL-JUNE 2014 ] E-ISSN 2348 –1269 Research Paper1 experience was later made into a film in Gloria Steinem has remained politically 1985 titled‟ A Bunny Tale‟. Bunnies are active throughout her life. She has women waitresses in night clubs wearing championed for Equal Rights Amendment the costume with rabbit ears and tail. in addition to several social reforms and Steinem had detailed how women were laws. She has been a great champion of treated at clubs and how sexual demands equality between men and women. She has were made of bunnies at these clubs. In fought against discriminatory laws that 1964, she conducted an interview with gave men superior rights in marriage and John Lemon and in 1969, she covered an denied equal economic opportunities to abortion speak-out for New York women. She founded and co-founded magazine. She later said that her career as several activist groups including „The a feminist started at that point of time. She Women‟s Action Alliance‟, „The MS, had undergone abortion at the age of 22. Foundation for Women‟, „Choice USA; Later she reflected, and Women‟s Media Center‟. In 1968, she I knew it was it was the first launched a protest against War Tax vowing time I had taken responsibility to refuse to pay tax against the Vietnam for my own life. I wasn‟t going war. In 1969, she published an article After to let things happen to me. I Black Power, Women’s Liberation which was going to direct my life and made her a truly national feminist figure. therefore I felt positive. In 1970, she wrote an essay on What It Later Steinem invented a term Would Be like If Women Win for Time „reproductive freedom‟ that includes the Magazine which can be called a Utopia of freedom to have children or not to. In equality of women. 1972, she co-founded a feminist magazine Gloria Steinem along with Betty Friedan, „MS‟ which actually began as a special Fanny Lou Hammer, Myrlie Evers and edition of New York. When its first regular several US representatives founded the issue hit the news stands, in three days, National Women‟s Political Caucus 300000 copies were sold. She continued to (NWPC). She delivered a memorable write for it until it was sold in 1987. speech as the co-convener of the Caucus However, she is among its advisory board „Address to the Women of America‟. She till date. said, 64 IJRAR- International Journal of Research and Analytical Reviews [Research Paper1 I ISSUE 2 I FEBRU [VOLUME 1 I ISSUE 2 I APRIL-JUNE 2014] E-ISSN 2348 –1269 This is no simple reform. It really is a The feminist slogan, “A woman needs a revolution. Sex and race because they are man like a fish needs a bicycle” is falsely easy and visible differences have been the attributed to Steinem. In fact, the phrase is primary way of organizing human beings borrowed from Irina Dunn. into superior and inferior groups and into During 1980s and 1990s, Steinem suffered the cheap labour on which this system still several personal problems including depends. We are talking about a society in diagnosis of breast cancer and terminal which there will be no roles other neuralgia. However, she continued to be than those chosen or those earned. We are amidst the whirlpool of activities. In 1992, really talking about humanism. she co-founded „Choice USA‟ a non-profit In 1972, she played an important role in organisation supporting reproductive supporting the increase in representation of rights. She opposed Gulf war asserting that women in social and political arena. defending democracy was a pretence. Steinem was questioned whether she was At the age of 66, in 2000, Steinem married still involved in CIA and whether she was David Bale who died in 2003. She was installed as the leader of the movement named the American Humanist‟s under political. She denied any kind of Association‟s 2012 „ Humanist of the year‟ involvement with the CIA in 1975. She for her activism in feminist movement and had founded a coalition of Labour Union LGBT rights. Steinem was involved in Women in 1974 and participated in the political campaigns since 1952 presidential National Conference of women in campaign. In 1968 election, she supported Houston, Texas. MC Govern nomination and in 1971, Steinem played a variety of roles within National Women‟s Political Caucus was Women‟s Action Alliance aiming at founded by Steinem, Betty Friedan, elimination of economic and social Shirley Chisholm and Bella Abzug. discrimination. She was active in working Germaine Greer was critical of Steinem‟s for civil rights for African Americans, capitulation on abortion rights.
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