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  • Angiosperms) Julien Massoni1*, Thomas LP Couvreur2,3 and Hervé Sauquet1

    Angiosperms) Julien Massoni1*, Thomas LP Couvreur2,3 and Hervé Sauquet1

    Massoni et al. BMC Evolutionary Biology (2015) 15:49 DOI 10.1186/s12862-015-0320-6 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Five major shifts of diversification through the long evolutionary history of Magnoliidae (angiosperms) Julien Massoni1*, Thomas LP Couvreur2,3 and Hervé Sauquet1 Abstract Background: With 10,000 species, Magnoliidae are the largest clade of flowering plants outside monocots and eudicots. Despite an ancient and rich fossil history, the tempo and mode of diversification of Magnoliidae remain poorly known. Using a molecular data set of 12 markers and 220 species (representing >75% of genera in Magnoliidae) and six robust, internal fossil age constraints, we estimate divergence times and significant shifts of diversification across the clade. In addition, we test the sensitivity of magnoliid divergence times to the choice of relaxed clock model and various maximum age constraints for the angiosperms. Results: Compared with previous work, our study tends to push back in time the age of the crown node of Magnoliidae (178.78-126.82 million years, Myr), and of the four orders, Canellales (143.18-125.90 Myr), Piperales (158.11-88.15 Myr), Laurales (165.62-112.05 Myr), and Magnoliales (164.09-114.75 Myr). Although families vary in crown ages, Magnoliidae appear to have diversified into most extant families by the end of the Cretaceous. The strongly imbalanced distribution of extant diversity within Magnoliidae appears to be best explained by models of diversification with 6 to 13 shifts in net diversification rates. Significant increases are inferred within Piperaceae and Annonaceae, while the low species richness of Calycanthaceae, Degeneriaceae, and Himantandraceae appears to be the result of decreases in both speciation and extinction rates.
  • Is Pseudoxandra Spiritus-Sancti (Annonaceae), with Its Male and Bisexual Flowers, an Androdioecious Species?

    Is Pseudoxandra Spiritus-Sancti (Annonaceae), with Its Male and Bisexual Flowers, an Androdioecious Species?

    Filogenômica, morfologia e taxonomia na tribo Malmeeae (Malmeoideae, Annonaceae): implicações na evolução da androdioicia Phylogenomics, morphology and taxonomy in tribe Malmeeae (Malmeoideae, Annonaceae): implications on the evolution of androdioecy Jenifer de Carvalho Lopes São Paulo 2016 Filogenômica, morfologia e taxonomia na tribo Malmeeae (Malmeoideae, Annonaceae): implicações na evolução da androdioicia Phylogenomics, morphology and taxonomy in tribe Malmeeae (Malmeoideae, Annonaceae): implications on the evolution of androdioecy Jenifer de Carvalho Lopes Tese apresentada ao Instituto de Biociências da Universidade de São Paulo, para a obtenção de Título de Doutor em Ciências, na Área de Botânica. Orientador: Renato de Mello-Silva São Paulo 2016 Lopes, Jenifer de Carvalho Filogenômica, morfologia e taxonomia na tribo Malmeeae (Malmeoideae, Annonaceae): implicações na evolução da androdioicia / 98 Tese (Doutorado) – Instituto de Biociências da Universidade de São Paulo. Departamento de Botânica 1. Androdioicia. 2. Annonaceae. 3. Filogenômica. I. Universidade de São Paulo. Instituto de Biociências. Departamento de Botânica. Comissão Julgadora: ________________________ _______________________ Prof(a). Dr(a). Prof(a). Dr(a). ________________________ _______________________ Prof(a). Dr(a). Prof(a). Dr(a). ______________________ Prof. Dr. Renato de Mello-Silva Orientador Metafísica? Que metafísica têm aquelas árvores? A de serem verdes e copadas e de terem ramos E a de dar fruto na sua hora, o que não nos faz pensar, A nós, que não sabemos dar por elas. Mas que melhor metafísica que a delas, Que é a de não saber para que vivem Nem saber que o não sabem? Alberto Caeiro, heterônimo de Fernando Pessoa Trecho de Guardador de Rebanhos, poema quinto Agradecimentos Gostaria de agradecer à Universidade de São Paulo pela estrutura fornecida para o desenvolvimento da minha pesquisa e formação acadêmica.
  • Radiations and Key Innovations in an Early Branching Angiosperm Lineage (Annonaceae; Magnoliales)

    Radiations and Key Innovations in an Early Branching Angiosperm Lineage (Annonaceae; Magnoliales)

    bs_bs_banner Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2012, 169, 117–134. With 4 figures Radiations and key innovations in an early branching angiosperm lineage (Annonaceae; Magnoliales) ROY H. J. ERKENS1,2*, LARS W. CHATROU3 and THOMAS L. P. COUVREUR4 1Utrecht University, Institute of Environmental Biology, Ecology and Biodiversity Group, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, the Netherlands 2Maastricht Science Program, Maastricht University, Kapoenstraat 2, 6211 KW, Maastricht, The Netherlands 3Netherlands Centre for Biodiversity Naturalis (section NHN), Biosystematics Group, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands 4Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UMR-DIADE, 911, avenue Agropolis, BP 64501, F-34394 Montpellier cedex 5, France Received 2 August 2011; revised 30 September 2011; accepted for publication 22 December 2011 Biologists are fascinated by species-rich groups and have attempted to discover the causes for their abundant diversification. Comprehension of the causes and mechanisms underpinning radiations and detection of their frequency will contribute greatly to the understanding of the evolutionary origin of biodiversity and its ecological structure. A dated and well-resolved phylogenetic tree of Annonaceae was used to study diversification patterns in the family in order to identify factors that drive speciation and the evolution of morphological (key) characters. It was found that, except for Goniothalamus, the largest genera in the family are not the result of radiations. Furthermore, the difference in species numbers between subfamilies Annonoideae (former long branch clade) and Malmeoideae (former short branch clade) cannot be attributed to significant differences in the diversification rate. Most of the speciation in Annonaceae is not distinguishable from a random branching process (i.e.