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Plantas RECOMENDACIONES PARA LA CONSERVACIÓN Especializadas

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Plantas RECOMENDACIONES PARA LA CONSERVACIÓN Especializadas .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................no. 27 ....................................................................................................................... 27 Perú: Tapiche-Blanco Perú:Tapiche-Blanco Instituciones participantes/ Participating Institutions The Field Museum Centro para el Desarrollo del Indígena Amazónico (CEDIA) Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana (IIAP) Servicio Nacional de Áreas Naturales Protegidas por el Estado (SERNANP) Servicio Nacional Forestal y de Fauna Silvestre (SERFOR) Herbario Amazonense de la Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana (AMAZ) Museo de Historia Natural de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos Centro de Ornitología y Biodiversidad (CORBIDI) Esta publicación ha sido financiada en parte por The Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation y The Field Museum./This publication has been funded in part by The Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation and The Field Museum. The Field Museum Science and Education Rapid Biological and Social Inventories 1400 South Lake Shore Drive Chicago, Illinois 60605-2496, USA T 312.665.7430 F 312.665.7433 www.fieldmuseum.org/rbi T HE FIELD MUSEUM INFORME/REPORT NO. 27 Perú: Tapiche-Blanco Nigel Pitman, Corine Vriesendorp, Lelis Rivera Chávez, Tyana Wachter, Diana Alvira Reyes, Álvaro del Campo, Giussepe Gagliardi-Urrutia, David Rivera González, Luis Trevejo, Dani Rivera González y/and Sebastian Heilpern editores/editors Octubre/October 2015 Instituciones Participantes/Participating Institutions The Field Museum Centro para el Desarrollo del Instituto de Investigaciones de Indígena Amazónico (CEDIA) la Amazonía Peruana (IIAP) Servicio Nacional de Áreas Servicio Nacional Forestal y Herbario Amazonense de Naturales Protegidas por el de Fauna Silvestre (SERFOR) la Universidad Nacional de la Estado (SERNANP) Amazonía Peruana (AMAZ) Museo de Historia Natural de Centro de Ornitología y la Universidad Nacional Mayor Biodiversidad (CORBIDI) de San Marcos LOS INFORMES DE INVENTARIOS RÁPIDOS SON PUBLICADOS POR/ Esta publicación ha sido financiada en parte por The Gordon and Betty RAPID INVENTORIES REPORTS ARE PUBLISHED BY: Moore Foundation y The Field Museum./This publication has been funded in part by The Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation and The Field Museum. THE FIELD MUSEUM Science and Education Cita sugerida/Suggested citation 1400 South Lake Shore Drive Pitman, N., C. Vriesendorp, L. Rivera Chávez, T. Wachter, Chicago, Illinois 60605-2496, USA D. Alvira Reyes, Á. del Campo, G. Gagliardi-Urrutia, T 312.665.7430, F 312.665.7433 D. Rivera González, L. Trevejo, D. Rivera González y/and S. Heilpern, www.fieldmuseum.org eds. 2015. Perú: Tapiche-Blanco. Rapid Biological and Social Inventories Report 27. The Field Museum, Chicago. Editores/Editors Nigel Pitman, Corine Vriesendorp, Lelis Rivera Chávez, Fotos e ilustraciones/Photos and illustrations Tyana Wachter, Diana Alvira Reyes, Álvaro del Campo, Carátula/Cover: Los bosques entre los ríos Tapiche y Blanco Giussepe Gagliardi-Urrutia, David Rivera González, Luis Trevejo, albergan unas 17 especies de primates, incluyendo poblaciones Dani Rivera González y/and Sebastian Heilpern grandes del huapo rojo, Cacajao calvus ssp. ucayalii, considerado Vulnerable en el ámbito mundial. Foto de Álvaro del Campo./ Diseño/Design The forests of Peru’s Tapiche-Blanco region harbor some 17 species Costello Communications, Chicago of primates, including large populations of the globally Vulnerable red uakari, Cacajao calvus ssp. ucayalii. Photo by Álvaro del Campo. Mapas y gráficas/Maps and graphics Mark K. Johnston, Jonathan Markel y/and Blanca Sandoval Ibañez Carátula interior/Inner cover: Un mosaico de bosques de arena blanca, bosques de altura y vastos humedales estacionalmente Traducciones/Translations inundables hace del interfluvio de Tapiche-Blanco una prioridad Patricia Álvarez-Loayza (English-castellano), Álvaro del Campo para la conservación en el Perú. Foto de Álvaro del Campo./ (English-castellano), Emily Goldman (castellano-English), With its striking mosaic of white-sand forests, upland forests, and Sebastian Heilpern (castellano-English), Humberto Huaninche vast seasonally flooded wetlands, the Tapiche-Blanco region is a Sachivo (castellano-Capanahua), Nigel Pitman (castellano-English), leading conservation priority for Peru. Photo by Álvaro del Campo. Ernesto Ruelas Inzunza (English-castellano), Ruth Silva (English- castellano) y/and Lauren Wustenberg (castellano-English) Láminas a color/Color plates: Figs. 10Q–S, P. Álvarez-Loayza; Fig. 12F, D. Alvira Reyes; Fig. 10H, R. Aquino; Figs. 7A–U, The Field Museum es una institución sin fines de lucro exenta de M. I. Corahua; Figs. 4D, 5C, T. Crouch; Figs. 1, 3D–F, 4F–G, 6L, 8B, impuestos federales bajo la sección 501(c)(3) del Código Fiscal Interno./ 9A, 9G–H, 10A, 10C, 10G, 10J, 10K, 10M, 10O, 11B, 12A (inset), The Field Museum is a non-profit organization exempt from federal 13A–C, Á. del Campo; Figs. 10B, 10D–F, 10L, 10P, M. Escobedo; income tax under section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code. Figs. 8A, 8G, 8J–M, 8O–P, G. Gagliardi-Urrutia; Figs. 7V, 8E, 9J, 11A, 11F, 12E, J. J. Inga Pinedo; Fig. 5A, M. K. Johnston; Figs. 2A–B, ISBN NUMBER 978-0-9828419-5-2 3A–C, J. A. Markel; Fig. 5E, T. McNamara; Figs. 5G, 6A, 6C, 6D, 6G, 6J–K, T. J. Mori Vargas; Fig. 11E, C. Núñez Pérez; Fig. 8Q, M. Odicio © 2015 por The Field Museum. Todos los derechos reservados./ © 2015 by The Field Museum. All rights reserved. Iglesias; Fig. 10N, B. J. O’Shea; Fig. 7W, E. Pacaya; Figs. 11C – D, 12A–D, M. Pariona; Figs. 4B–C, N. Pitman; Figs. 9B–F, 9K, Cualquiera de las opiniones expresadas en los informes de los P. Saboya del Castillo; Fig. 4A, R. F. Stallard; Figs. 6B, 6F, L. A. Torres Inventarios Rápidos son expresamente las de los autores y no reflejan Montenegro; Figs. 8C–D, 8F, 8H, 8N, P. Venegas Ibáñez; Figs. 4E, necesariamente las del Field Museum./Any opinions expressed in 5B, 5D, 5F, 6E, 6H, C. Vriesendorp. the Rapid Inventories reports are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of The Field Museum. Impreso sobre papel reciclado. Printed on recycled paper. ■■ Las concesiones de petróleo en el Tapiche-Blanco. INTRODUCCIÓN Los derrames de aguas de formación salina o de El interfluvio de los ríos Tapiche y Blanco encierra en su petróleo relacionadas con la perforación y extracción interior una muestra representativa de cada uno de los alterarían profundamente la composición de las aguas ecosistemas amazónicos conocidos, desde los bosques superficiales y dañarían los ecosistemas de la llanura inundables de aguas blancas y negras, hasta las terrazas inundable. La introducción de la fracturación y colinas en tierra firme. Dentro de estos ecosistemas se hidráulica aumentaría los problemas de contaminación encuentran hábitats que por su especial carácter edáfico del agua. e hidrológico (p. ej., suelos pobres, saturados de agua o secos) encierran una comunidad de plantas RECOMENDACIONES PARA LA CONSERVACIÓN especializadas. Por lo tanto, estos lugares poseen un ■■ Proteger la tierra firme de la erosión causada por la valor especial para la conservación. actividad forestal o la agricultura intensivas. Un ejemplo son los bosques de varillales y chamizales sobre arena blanca. En la Región Loreto estos bosques ■■ Mapear la distribución de collpas en este paisaje. forman pequeños parches al norte y sur del río Nanay, y en Esta información debería utilizarse para planificar el los alrededores de Jenaro Herrera, Tamshiyacu, Jeberos, manejo de las collpas y prevenir la caza excesiva. Estos Morona y la Cordillera Escalera (Encarnación 1993, Mejía datos también pueden ser usados para determinar si 1995, García-Villacorta et al. 2003, Fine et al. 2010, Neill las fallas a lo largo del valle del Tapiche pueden ser et al. 2014). Sin embargo, la mayor extensión de varillales importantes en el desarrollo de este paisaje. del Perú ocurre a ambos lados del bajo río Blanco. Hoy en ■■ Restringir y controlar la extracción de petróleo y día la mitad de estos varillales están protegidos por la gas natural en este paisaje para evitar zonas sensibles. Reserva Nacional Matsés (Fine et al. 2006). La otra mitad, Si la perforación se lleva a cabo, con o sin fracturación ubicada en la ribera izquierda del río Blanco y dentro del hidráulica, debería llevarse a cabo utilizando las área que estudiamos en el inventario rápido Tapiche- mejores prácticas ambientales (p. ej., Finer et al. 2013). Blanco, aún carece de protección. Otro ejemplo de hábitats en el interfluvio de Tapiche-Blanco con un valor especial para la VEGETACIÓN Y FLORA conservación son los pantanos (o turberas) que ocupan Autores: Luis Torres Montenegro, Tony Mori Vargas, Nigel Pitman, grandes
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