Index

Page numbers in italic denote figures. Page numbers in bold denote tables.

Abingdon Seismic Province 65, 69, 71 baddeleyite Africa-Arabia-Eurasia convergence 254–255 Bahia dykes 169–172 Aileron Province 49, 50, 51, 52, 54 Wyoming craton dykes 19, 20 collision with proto-North Australian Bahia dyke swarms Craton 66, 68 magnetism and palaeomagnetism 173–185 Aileron Terrane 66, 67, 68, 70–71 comparison with Baltica 182, 185 Ala´jar Me´lange 247 Neoproterozoic LIP 183 Laurussian origin 249, 256 U-Pb geochronology 169–172 A˚ land archipelago, dykes 96–115 baked contact test geochronology 96, 97, 98–99, 100, 101, 109–110 A˚ land dykes 102, 105, 106–108, 111 palaeomagnetism 96, 99–100, 102–105, 106–109 Bahia dyke swarms 173, 179, 180–181 asymmetry 111 Sinclair terrane dyke palaeomagnetism 139–140 Albany Fraser Orogen 64 Wyoming dykes 23, 26, 28, 34 Alexander Hills 214, 217, 218, 220 Baker Lake Basin 65–66 Amasia 2, 9 Baltica 6 Amazonia 5, 6, 9 key poles 96, 111, 113, 113–114 Amundsen Basin 66 NENA fit 2, 3, 9, 96, 113–115 Anatolian Plate 254, 255 palaeomagnetic poles 182, 185 Antarctica, correlation with Australia 64 Bangemall Basin, correlation with apparent polar wander (APW) Cuddapah Basin 63 Kalahari Craton 4, 155, 159, 161, 162 Barby Formation 121, 122, 132, 137, 146, 147, 148 Sa˜o Francisco/Congo Craton 169, 183–185 Barramundi Orogeny 50, 54, 56, 65, 72 Arabian Plate 254, 255 basin formation Arac¸uaı´-West Congo orogen, mantle plume 183 Australia 65–66, 70, 72, 73 Ardmore-May Downs Domain 54, 55,56 Death Valley 213–214, 215, 217 Armorican Massif 254 depositional model 227–228 Arunta Inlier 50, 51, 52, 65, 70 mechanisms 228–229 Athabasca Basin 65–66 reconstruction 225–227 Atlantic Ocean, opening 7, 241 Bastar Craton 63 see also central Atlantic rift Bear Mountain dyke 18, 39,40 Atlantic-Tethys compensation system 254, 265, 277, Beck Canyon 218, 221 279, 282, 283, 284, 285 Beck Spring Dolomite 213, 214, 216, 219, 220, 222 Atnarpa Igneous Complex 51, 54,66 carbon isotopes 218, 220, 222, 224–225 Atukera Fault Zone 54 Laurentian correlation 229–230 Aubures Formation red-beds 120, 121, 122, 145 chemo- and litho-stratigraphy 220, 221–225 demagnetization 147, 149, 150, 153 depositional model 227–228 fold test 149, 152, 154 previous studies 217 geology 146–147, 148 U-Pb geochronology 218, 221, 225, 226, 230–231 palaeomagnetism 147, 149–152, 155, zircon provenance 231 159–161 Beja Acebuches Ophiolite 245–246, 250, 252, 254 red-beds 146–147, 161 Beja igneous complex 248, 249 remanent magnetization 147, 149, 150, 152, Bighorn Mountains 16, 17, 36 153, 162 mafic dykes 17–40 U-Pb geochronology 121, 147–149, 152, 155, age correlation 37 156–158, 159, 162 geochemistry 19, 21–22, 23, 24–26, 29 Australia palaeogeography 38–40 amalgamation 47, 49, 66–71 palaeomagnetism 23, 26–29, 30, 31, 32, 34 basin systems 65–66 structural correction 23–24, 28–31, 35 breakup from India 73 U-Pb geochronology 17, 19, 20, 24, 26, 27 correlation with Antarctica 64 Bighorn subprovince 17, 18 correlation with India 63–64, 71 Billabong Complex 51 correlation with Laurentia 64–66, 71, 72 Birrundudu Basin 65 oceans 71–74 Biscay Formation 60 and Nuna 47, 48–49,63–74 Biscotasing dyke swarm 17, 37, 38, 39,40 see also North Australian craton; South Australian Bitter Springs Event 5 craton; Western Australian craton Black Hills sills and dykes 18 Avalonia terrane 5, 6, 246, 249, 252 Black Mountains 214, 218, 220 Awasib Mountain Terrain 146 Blue Draw metagabbro 18 290 INDEX

Bohemian Massif, Gondwana-Laurussia collision deformation, Neoproterozoic, Pahrump Group 251–252 228–229 bottom-up mantle-based mechanisms, Pangaea demagnetization 265–267, 269, 272–273, 274–275 A˚ land dykes 107, 108 breccia, Beck Spring Dolomite 217, 222, 224 Aubures Formation 147, 149, 150, 153 Bristol Channel-Bray Fault Zone 250 Bahia dykes 170, 173, 179, 181 Browns Range Metamorphics 51 Guperas Formation 120, 123, 126, 129, 133 Wyoming dykes 23, 32 Cahill Formation 61 Yanbian dykes 196, 200, 204 Calderian Orogeny 64 Dharwar Craton 3, 63–64, 73 Calliston Lake dolostone, carbon isotopes 229–230 Diamantina Craton 49, 50 Canada, Maritime, Gondwana-Laurussia amalgamation 51–61, 69, 70, 71 collision 252 extensional basin 72 Capricorn Orogen 70 diamictite, Surprise Canyon 223, 224–225 carbon isotope excursion dolomite see Beck Spring Dolomite Beck Spring Dolomite 217, 222, 224, 225 dolostone, Beck Spring Dolomite 221, 222, and Laurentian correlations 229–230 223, 224 Careo´n ophiolite 251 Donington Suite 57, 58, 59, 66, 67,70 Cathaysia 84, 85, 192 Doornpoort Formation 159, 161 Central Atlantic LIP 266, 279 Dougalls Suite 59, 60,69 central Atlantic rift 272–273, 277, 279, 284, 285 dyke swarms Central Domain, Pine Creek Inlier 61 A˚ land rapakivi granite 96–115 Chuar Group 214 palaeomagnetism 96, 99–100, 102–105, carbon isotopes 229–230 106–109 zircon provenance 231 asymmetry 111 Chugwater Formation 23 sampling 98 ChUMP (Chuar-Uinta Mountains-Pahrump) basins 214 U-Pb geochronology 98–99, 100, 101, 109–110 carbon isotopes 229–230 Bahia formation mechanisms 228–229 comparison with Baltica 182, 185–187 Cimmeria 267, 268, 269, 270, 278, 280–281, 284, 285 palaeomagnetism 173–185 Cimmeride Orogenic System 269, 270, 278, 280–281 U-Pb geochronology 169–172 Clear Creek Thrust 28 Guperas Formation 120, 122, 123 Cloncurry Fault 56 palaeomagnetism 125–133, 134–135 Clymene Ocean 5, 6 U-Pb geochronology 123, 124, 125 Coates Lake Group, carbon isotopes 229–230 Precambrian continental reconstruction 15–16 Columbia see Nuna supercontinent Pulo do Lobo Zone 248, 249, 256 Congo Craton see Sa˜o Francisco/Congo Craton Wyoming craton 16–40, 18 Connaughton Terrane 61, 63 age correlation 37 Coomarie Dome granite 53 geochemistry 19, 21–22, 23, 24–26, 29 copper deposits palaeogeography 38–40 sediment-hosted 84, 85–87, 89, 90 palaeomagnetism 23, 26–29, 30, 31, 32, 34 see also IOCG deposits; Ni-Cu-PGE deposits Sm-Nd ratio 19, 23 Corn Creek Orogeny, deformation 228 structural correction 23–24, 28–31, 35 Cornian Orogeny 50, 57, 69 U-Pb geochronology 17, 19, 20, 24, 25, 26 Cornubian Batholith 250 Yanbian 192, 193, 194 Corny Point Paragneiss 57, 69 palaeomagnetism 195–201, 203 Crystal Spring Diabase 215, 219, 220 U-Pb geochronology 194–195, 196 Crystal Spring Formation 213, 214, 215, 216, 219, 220, 224 East Gondwana 5, 167–168 Cuddapah Basin, correlation with Bangemall Basin 63 East Nuna 96 Curnamona Province 49, 50, 65, 69, 70 Eastern Gawler Craton 57, 59 Eastern Ghats Granulite Province 63–64, Damara orogen 146 73–74 Davenport Province 49, 50, 52, 54, 56, 65 Eastern Willowra Suture 54 De Pass dyke, Owl Creek Mountains 29, 35, 36 Eskadron Formation 159 Dead Bullock Formation 51, 53 Etheridge Province 49, 50, 65, 69, 72 Death Valley Euramerican seaway 250, 252, 253 Neoproterozoic basin formation 213, 215–233 Eurasia 2, 254, 255, 268, 269, 284, 285 depositional model 227–228 evaporites TU2 215, 216, 217, 218, 221, 222 Messinian 255 basin formation mechanisms 228–229 Vise´an 250, 252, 253 correlation 217–218, 229–230 Ewen Batholith 56 reconstruction 225–227 Excelsior-Lord Hill Lineament 145–146 zircon provenance 231 extroversion 5, 8, 9 INDEX 291

Fifteenmile Group 72 Halls Creek Orogen 50, 58–59, 60, 63, 68, 69, 71 flysch sutures 61, 62 Ossa Morena Zone 245, 246 Halls Creek-King Leopold Orocline 68,69 Pulo do Lobo Zone 246, 247 Happy Canyon 220, 222, 224, 225 folding, ChUMP basins 228 Haremub granite 121 Fort Frances dykes 17, 38, 39,40 Harris Greenstone Belt 57, 58 Fort Simpson Terrane 64, 65 Hartville uplift-Black Hills subprovince 18 Frankenia Dome granite 53 Hazelton Peak, ‘dike C’, U-Pb geochronology 20,24 French Creek diabase dyke 20,24 Hearne craton 38, 39 U-Pb geochronology 20,24 Hiltaba Granite Suite 58,64 Himalayan Orogenic System 270 Galatia terrane see Hun superterrane hinge/trench retreat 271 Gaojiacun intrusion 192, 193 Hooper Orogeny 59, 61, 69 Gawler Craton 49, 50, 57, 58 Horse Thief Springs Formation 215, 216, 217, 219, 220 amalgamation with proto-North Australian carbon isotope excursion 229 Craton 66, 68, 69, 71 chemo- and litho-stratigraphy 220, 221 orocline 58,70 depositional model 227 ribbon terranes 58,70–71 zircon geochronology 225 seismic line 58, 59,69 zircon provenance 230–231 Terre Ade´lie correlation 64 Horton Group 252 see also Eastern Gawler Craton hotspots 7, 15 geochemistry, 87Sr/86 Sr ratio 8 Hottah Terrane 64, 65 Wyoming craton dyke swarms 19, 21–22, 23, Huangtian Formation 193, 194 24–26, 29 Hudsonland see Nuna supercontinent geochronology see U-Pb geochronology Hun superterrane 243–244 Georgetown Inlier 65 Huronian Supergroup 16, 38, 39,40 Gidyea Suture Zone 52, 55, 56, 68, 69, 71 Hutchison Group 57 Gil Ma´rquez pluton 248 Glenburgh Orogeny 50 Iapetus Ocean gold deposits 84, 85–87, 88, 89, 90 closure 6, 9 see also IOCG deposits opening 6 Gondwana 2 subduction 6 amalgamation 5–6 Iberia, NW collision with Laurussia 241, 242, 244–245, 246, correlation 252–253, 256 249–256 Gondwana-Laurussia collision 250–251 see also East Gondwana; West Gondwana Iberian Autochthon 241, 242, 245 gravity anomaly Iberian Pyrite Belt 246–247, 248 Diamantina Craton 53, 54, 55,56 Ilhe´us dykes Halls Creek Orogen 61, 62 magnetization and palaeomagnetism 174, 175–176, Great Bear Magmatic Zone 64 179–180, 184 Great Dyke of Wyoming 33, 35–37 U-Pb geochronology 169–172 Great Falls Tectonic Zone (GFTZ) 18 India Great Slave Shear Zone 64 breakup from Australia 73 greenschist metamorphism correlation with Australia 63–64, 71 Langberg Formation 159 Indide Orogenic System 270, 278, 280–281 Pulo do Lobo Zone 247 introversion 6, 8, 72 Sinclair terrane 119, 145, 146 IOCG (iron oxide-copper-gold) deposits 84, 85, 86–88, Grenville Loop 185 89, 91 Grenville Province, zircon provenance 230–231 iron see IOCG deposits Grenville-Namaqua/Natal convergence 161, 162 Isa Superbasin cycle 65, 72 Guandaoshan dioritic pluton 192, 193 Isan Orogeny 65, 72 Gunbarrel LIP 229 Guperas Formation 120, 121, 122, 146, 147, 148 Johnnie Formation 215, 219, 228 dyke swarm 120, 122, 123 palaeomagnetism 125–133, 134–135 Kairab Formation 121, 146 igneous rock 125–126, 127, 128–130, 149 Kalahari Craton 3–4, 119, 120–121, 140–141 post-Guperas 133, 134–135, 137–140, 148, 149 apparent polar wander 4, 155, 159, 161, 162 sedimentary rock 127, 130–133, 149 and Rodinia reconstruction 145, 161–162 U-Pb geochronology, post-Guperas 123, 124, 125 western margin 145–162 geology 145–147, 148 Haiber Flats Formation 121 palaeogeographic reconstruction 161–162 Hakefjorden intrusion 182, 185 red-bed correlation 155, 159, 161 Hall Bay Volcanics 57, 58 Kalinjala Shear Zone 57, 58,69 Halls Creek Fault Zone 61, 62 Kalkadoon Batholith 56, 57, 66, 67,70 292 INDEX

Kalkadoon-Leichhardt Belt 54, 55,56 Leichhardt River Domain 55,56 Kalkan Suite 61, 62 Leichhardt Volcanics 56 Kalkpunt red-bed Formation 155, 159, 161 Lengshuiqing intrusion 192, 193 Kangding LIP 229 Letovice ophiolites 252 Karelia craton 38, 39 Lieguliu Formation 192, 193 karst, Beck Spring Dolomite 217, 221, 225 Litchfield Province 61 Kennack Gneiss 249 Lizard Complex 249, 252 Kennedy dyke swarm 18 correlation 252–253 Kenoran orogeny 3 LLVSVPs (Large Low Shearwave Velocity Provinces) Kenorland(?) 2, 3, 8, 38 5, 7–8 key poles, Baltica 96, 111, 113–114 see also superplumes Kibaran Orogeny 169 Longmen Shan Thrust System 192 Killi Killi Formation 51, 52, 53, 68 Kimban Orogeny 57, 64, 65, 66, 69 McArthur Basin 65 Kimberley Basin 65 magmatism Kimberley Craton 49, 50, 52, 57–61, 73 arc, Aileron Terrane 66 collision with proto-North Australian Craton 60, Gawler Craton 57, 59 61, 68, 69–70, 71 Kalahari Craton 146, 155 King Leopold Orogen 50, 58–59, 68,69 Kimberley Craton 69 Kingston Peak Formation 213, 214, 215, 216, 218 Laurentia 5, 6, 72, 185 geology 219, 220 Pulo do Lobo Zone 248 stratigraphy 224, 225 Sa˜o Francisco/Congo Craton 88, 183 Kingston Range 214, 217, 218, 220, 222, 223 Sinclair terrane 121 folding 228 Western Australian Craton 61–62 Klein Aub Formation 159 Wyoming craton 16, 17, 31, 35–36, 38–40 Kola craton 38 see also rapakivi granite magmatism Konkiep Group 120, 146 magnetite correlation with Koras Group 155, 159 magnetic mineralogy 108–109, 173 evolution 121 Wyoming dykes 23 Konkiep Subprovince 145, 146 Yanbian dykes 196–197, 201 Koongie Park Formation 60 magnetization 26 Koras Group 120, 121 see also palaeomagnetism; remanent magnetization; correlation with Konkiep Group 155, 159 thermoremanent magnetization Korso¨ dyke, U-Pb geochronology 98–99, 100, 101 Manikewan ocean 85, 86, 88–89, 90 Kotzerus granite 121 mantle plumes Kunjas Formation 121, 122, 132, 148 Arac¸uaı´-West Congo orogen 183 Kurbayia Migmatite 54, 56 Pangaea 272, 273, 274–275, 279 see also superplumes Labradorian Orogeny 66 mantle processes, in supercontinent breakup 265–267, Lac Esprit dykes 17 269, 272, 273, 279 Lakhna dykes 64 Marathon dyke swarm 17, 38, 39,40 Lander Package 51, 52, 68 Marboo Formation 59, 60 Langberg Formation 159 Margot Lake dyke 40 Laramide Orogeny 16, 23, 28, 35, 36,40 Massif Central, Gondwana-Laurussia collision 251, Laramie Mountains dykes swarm 18 252–253, 254 Large Igneous Provinces 7, 15, 183, 229, 266 Matachewan dykes 17, 38 Laurentia 2,3,5,6 Mawson Continent 50, 64, 69, 96 amalgamation 16 Mazatzal Orogeny 66 and Australia correlation 64–66, 71, 72 Medicine Bow Mountains 16, 66 oceans 71–74 Mediterranean, Africa-Arabia-Eurasia convergence basins 65–66 254–255 Death Valley 213–214 Mediterranean Ridge accretionary complex carbon isotope correlations 229–230 254, 255 zircon provenance 230–231 Meguma terrane 6, 246, 247, 252 and Kalahari craton 161–162 Meneage Formation 249–250 rifting 229 metallogeny, Nuna supercontinent cycle 84–92 and Wyoming craton 16–40 patterns 90–92 see also Neo-Laurentia metamorphism Laurussia 6 Diamantina Craton 54, 56 collision with Gondwana 241, 242, 244–245, 246, Eastern Ghats Granulite Terrane 73 249–256 greenschist 145, 146 South Portuguese Zone 246–247 Langberg Formation 159 lead-zinc deposits 84, 85–88, 89, 91 Kimberley Craton 59, 60,61 Leibig Orogeny 66 Pulo do Lobo Zone 246, 247 INDEX 293

Rudall Complex 61–63 Nuna supercontinent 2, 3–4, 8–9, 15 Sinclair terrane 120 amalgamation 85, 86,88–89 Wyoming craton 16 key pole comparison 96 Yanbian Group 192 and Australia 47, 63–74 microbialites, Beck Spring Dolomite 217, 221, 224 amalgamation 47, 48–49,66–71 microfossils (VSM), Beck Spring Dolomite 214, India correlation 63–64 217–218 breakup 87,89 Minto dykes 17 metallogeny 83–92 Mirovia global ocean 9 ore deposits 85, 86, 87 Moho patterns 90–92 Diamantina Craton 53, 54, 55,56 palaeomagnetic models 95–96 Gawler Craton 57, 59 reconstruction 4, 47, 48–49, 63, 71, molar tooth structure, Beck Spring Dolomite 222, 84–87 223, 225 NENA configuration 112, 113–115 Moldanubian Zone 252 uncertainty 83 Montana metasedimentary terrane 17 Nyabikere pluton 182, 184–185 Monte Chico pluton 247 Mount Isa Fault 56, 57 Oaxaquia anorthosite palaeomagnetic pole 185 Mount Isa Terrane 49, 50, 54, 55, 56, 57, 65, 69, obduction, Gondwana-Laurussia collision 6, 70, 71,72 249–252, 251 see also Western Mount Isa Okhotsk Ocean 268, 269–270, 273, 277, 278, 280–281, Mozambique Ocean 9 284, 285 MVT (Mississippi Valley-type) carbonate-hosted Olarian Orogeny 66 lead-zinc 84, 85, 86–88,91 Olivenc¸a dykes magnetization and palaeomagnetism 174, 176–177, Nagatis Formation 121, 132 180, 181, 184 Nam shear zone 121 U-Pb geochronology 169–172 Nama Group 122, 147, 148 Olympio Formation 60 Namaqua Front 121, 145–146 oncoids, Beck Spring Dolomite 223, 224 Namaqua Province 145 oncolites, Beck Spring Dolomite 224 shear zones 159 Ongeva Package 51 Namaqua-Natal-Maud Orogen 119, 120, 145 Ongole Domain 63 Namaqualand metamorphic complex 120 ooids, Beck Spring Dolomite 222, 223, 224 Nanhua system 192, 193 ophiolites Nantuo Formation 192 Eastern Ghats Granulite Province 63, 64, 74 nappes 251–252 Eastern Mediterranean 255 Nawa Terrane 57, 58, 66, 70 Gondwana-Laurussia collision 6, 246, 249–253, NENA configuration 2,3,9,96,112, 113–115 251, 256 Neo-Gondwana 267, 268, 272, 273, 276, 277, 279, ore deposits, Nuna supercontinent cycle 84–92 280–281, 282, 283 Oregon Trail belt 17 Neo-Laurentia 268, 269, 272, 276, 277, 279, 280–281, orogenesis 282, 283 Australia-Laurentia 66, 70 Neo-Tethys Ocean 241, 254 Gondwana 5, 241, 242–245 Neoproterozoic large igneous province 183 and mineral deposit types 84–92 net stage pole 271, 272, 273 Orosirian Period 3 Ni-Cu-PGE deposits 85–87, 88,90 orthoversion 8, 87 nickel 85–87, 88,90 Ossa Morena Zone 241, 245, 246, 253 Nimbuwah Domain 61, 69 Ouachita-Appalachian orogen 6, 241 Nimbuwah Event 61, 69 Owl Creek Mountains 29, 35, 36 Nimrod Orogeny 64 Nipigon intrusions 161, 162 Pahrump Group 213, 214, 222 Nipissing diabase sills 16, 17 basin formation Noonday Formation 214, 215, 216, 219 depositional model 227–228 Nornamlup Belt 64 mechanisms 228–229 North Australian Craton 49–50, 51 TU2 215, 217–218, 221, 222, 225–228 amalgamation 66–70 geochronology 218, 221, 225, 226, amalgamation with Gawler Craton 69, 71 230–231 collision with Western Australian Craton 61–63, geological setting 215, 219, 220 66, 70, 71 stratigraphy 215, 216, 218, 220 extension 65, 66, 68, 69–70 tectonic evolution 215–233 see also proto-North Australian Craton palaeo-Tethys Ocean 7, 243, 244, 245, Nourlangie Schist 61 268, 285 Numil Terrane 55, 56, 57, 59, 65, 69, 70 closure 254, 265, 269, 270, 273, 278, accretion 68, 71 280–281, 282 294 INDEX palaeogeography Pulo do Lobo Zone 242–256 Pangaea supercontinent 268, 273, 274–275, 276, correlation 252–253 278, 280–281, 282, 283 geology 245–249 Variscan orogen 242–245 magmatism 248 Wyoming craton 38–40 regional constraints 249 palaeomagnetism suture zone 247 A˚ land archipelago dykes 96, 99–100, 102–105, 106–109, 110–113 Rabbit Creek dyke swarm 16, 18, 20, 24, 31, 33 Bahia dyke swarms 173–185 age correlation 37 Sinclair terrane 119, 120, 145 palaeogeography 38–40 Aubures Formation 147, 149–152, 155, palaeomagnetism 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32,37 159–161 U-Pb geochronology 20, 24, 27 Guperas Formation dyke swarm 125–140 rapakivi granite magmatism 96–98 Wyoming craton dyke swarms 23, 26–29, 30, 31, palaeomagnetism 100 32, 34,36–37 Rayner Terrane 64 Yanbian dykes 195–201, 203 Reading Cycle 228 AMS 197–199 Red River Fault System 192 NRM 195–197 red-beds Palaeopangaea model 4 Tsumis Group 159, 161 palaeopoles, South China Block 203, 204–209 western Kalahari Craton Panamint Mountains 214, 215, 218, 220, 222, 224 Aubures Formation 146–147 Pangaea supercontinent 1, 2 correlation 155, 159, 161 amalgamation 241, 242 Rehoboth basement inlier 120, 146, 155 breakup 6–7 red-beds 159 mechanisms 265–285 remanent magnetization mantle-based 265–267, 272–273, 279 Aubures Formation 147, 149, 150, 153, 162 subduction-based 273, 279, 284–285 Bahia dykes 170, 173 reconstruction 267–285 characteristic palaeogeography 268, 273, 274–275, 276, 278, A˚ land dykes 100, 110 280–281, 282, 283 Aubures Formation 149, 152 suture zone 241–256 Bahia dykes 173, 178, 179, 180, 184 Pannotia supercontinent 6, 9 Guperas dykes 126, 128, 132, 137–140 Panthalassan Ocean 7, 273, 277, 284 Wyoming dykes 23 Paperbark Granite Suite 59 Yanbian dykes 195, 197, 199, 201 Payne River dykes 40 natural Peake and Denison Inlier 70 Sinclair terrane 120, 123, 126, 147 Peramora Me´lange 247, 250, 252 Yanbian dykes 195–197, 199, 200 MORB geochemistry 247, 249, 255 viscous 26, 36 peri-Gondwanan terranes 5, 6, 243, 244, 246–247, 250 see also thermoremanent magnetization (TRM) Phyllite Quartz Group 246 Rheic Ocean piercing points 16, 40, 227 closure 9, 241, 242, 244, 249–256 Pilbara Craton 2,70 opening 6, 243 Pine Creek Inlier 49, 50, 57, 61, 69 suture zone 249–256 pisolite, Beck Spring Dolomite 222, 223, 224 Bohemian Massif 251–252 platinum group elements 85–87, 88,90 Britain and Ireland 249–250 polarity Maritime Canada 252 A˚ land dykes 96, 97, 100, 103–105, 110–111 Massif Central 251 baked contact test 102, 105, 106–108, 111 NW Iberia 250–251 NENA configuration 112, 113–115 ribbon terranes, Gawler Craton 58, 66, 67,70–71 Gondwana-Laurussia collision 253, 254, 256 Ribeira de Limas Formation 247 Kalahari Craton and Sinclair terrane 136, 140–141, rift-sag basins 65 160, 161–162 rifting Sa˜o Francisco/Congo Craton 169, 180–183 active 270, 271, 272 Yanbian dykes 199, 201, 203, 204–209 ChUMP basins 228 Powder River Pass dyke 18, 20, 24, 33, 35–37 passive 270, 271, 272 age correlation 37 Rodinia 229 palaeogeography 39,40 Superior-Wyoming 37–38 palaeomagnetism 26–28, 31,36–37 rigid-plate motion 270 U-Pb geochronology 20, 24, 27 Rivie`re du Gue´ dyke swarm 37 proto-North Australian Craton 51–54, 55, 58–61, Rodinia supercontinent 2, 4–5, 119, 121 63, 71 amalgamation 8, 169 collision with Aileron Province 66, 68, 71 breakup 5–6, 168, 169 collision with Kimberley Craton 59, 60, 61, 68, position of South China Block 191, 204–209 69–70, 71 reconstruction 213 INDEX 295

detrital zircons 231–233 Sinoride Orogenic System 270, 278, 280–281 Kalahari craton 145, 161–162 Sipoo dykes 97 ‘missing-link’ model 204, 205–206, Sisters Hill Thrust 28 207, 209 slab avalanche events 266–267 Sa˜o Francisco/Congo Craton 167, 185–187 Slave Craton 64, 65 and South China 204–209 Sleaford Complex 57, 64 rifting 229 Sleafordian Orogeny 64 rotation 191 Sm-Nd ratio, Wyoming craton dyke swarms 19, 23 Rogaland complex, palaeomagnetism 182, 185 Snowy Pass Supergroup 16, 35, 38, 39, 40 Rooirand 147 Sonntag Granite 121 Rowe fossil subduction zone 68–69, 71 South Australian craton 49–50 Rudall complex 61–63, 70 South China Block geological setting 192–194 Saddle Peak Hills 214, 217, 218, 222 position in Rodinia supercontinent 5, 191, 204–209 chemo- and litho-stratigraphy 220, 221, 222–224 rotation 201–202 geology 219, 220 South Pass dyke 18, 20, 35–37, St Ronans Metamorphics 54 age correlation 37 Salvador dykes palaeogeography 39,40 magnetization and palaeomagnetism 173–174, 175, structural correction 23, 29, 31 178, 179, 180–181, 184 U-Pb geochronology 20, 24, 27 U-Pb geochronology 169–172 South Portuguese Zone 242 SAMBA configuration 84, 96, 113, 114 correlation with SW Britain 252 sand grykes 223, 225 Laurussia 245, 246–247 Santa Iria Flysch Formation 247, 248 southern accreted terranes 17, 18 age 249, 256 Southern Iberian Shear Zone 245 Sa˜o Francisco/Congo Craton 4, 168–187 Sr/Sr ratio, Late Neoproterozoic-Early Cambrian 8 apparent polar wander (APW) 169, 183–185 Stafford Igneous Event 51 Bahia dyke swarms stage poles 271, 273, 276, 277 geochronology 169–172 Stanley Metamorphics 61 magnetism and palaeomagnetism 173–185 Stillwater complex, palaeomagnetism 28 Neoproterozoic LIP 183 Strangways Orogeny 64, 66 palaeolatitudes 169 strike-slip basins 228 Saratoga Springs 214, 217, 218, 222 stromatactis, Beck Spring Dolomite 224 chemo- and litho-stratigraphy 220, 221, stromatolites, Beck Spring Dolomite 217, 222, 224 222–224, 225 Stubbins Formation 51, 52 geology 219, 220 subduction Sask Craton 64 active 271, 272 Schwarzrand 147 Andean-type 271 Sclavia supercraton 3 Australia-Laurentia margin 71–72 Sedex (sedimentary exhalative) lead-zinc 84, Eastern Mediterranean 255, 256 85–87,89 falling 271, 272 semi-supercontinents 2 Iapetus Ocean 6 Senneterre dykes 17 Marianas-type 271 Sheep Mountain dyke, palaeomagnetism 26–28, North Australian Craton 66, 68–70 33, 34,37 passive 271 Sibao Orogeny 5, 192 progressive 271, 272 Sierra Madre metagabbro 18 Pulo do Lobo Zone 246, 256 Sierra Norte Batholith 247, 248 regressive 271 age 249, 256 Rheic Ocean 243, 244, 248, 256 Silurian Hills 214, 218, 220, 222, 225 rising 271 Kupfer’s units 220, 222, 225 roll-back 6, 243, 244, 271 silver 86, 87 top-down tectonic mechanisms 265, 266, 267, 269, Sinclair Supergroup 146 272, 273, 279, 284–285 Sinclair terrane Subjotnian magmatic units 96–98 geochronology 121 palaeomagnetism 100, 102–105, 106–109, geology 120–121, 122, 145–147, 148 110–111, 113 palaeomagnetism U-Pb geochronology 96, 97, 98–99, 100, 101, Aubures Fm 145, 147, 149–152, 155, 109–110 159–161 Sudetes Mountains 252 baked contact test 139–140 sulphides see VMS Guperas Fm 120, 122, 125–140 Suomenniemi rapakivi batholith 97 tectonic models 121 supercontinent cycles 3–7, 95, 284 Sinian system 192, 193 mechanisms 265–285 Sinoria 267, 268, 269–270, 278, 280–281, 284, 285 styles 7–9 296 INDEX supercontinents 1–2 U-Pb geochronology supercratons 2 A˚ land reversed polarity dykes 96, 97, 98–99, 100, Superia supercraton 2,3,38 101, 109–110 Superior craton 3 Aubures Formation 147–149, 152, 155, 156–158, mafic dykes 17 159, 162 and Wyoming craton 3, 16, 38–40 Bahia dyke swarms 169–172 superplumes 5, 7–8, 266–267, 272 Beck Spring Dolomite 218, 221, 225, 226, superswells 7 230–231 Surprise Canyon diamictite 223, 224–225 post-Guperas dykes 123, 124, 125 suture zone Pulo do Lobo Zone 247, 248, 249 Laurussia-Gondwana collision 241–256 Sinclair terrane 121, 122, 123, 124, 125 Pulo do Lobo Zone 247 Wyoming craton dyke swarms 17, 19, 20, 24, 25, Svecofennian Orogeny 96, 97 26, 27 SWEAT configuration 5, 64, 65, 71, 73, 84, 204 Yanbian dykes 194–195, 196 Sweden, dykes, palaeomagnetism 182, 185 Uinta Mountain Group 214 Sweetwater subprovince 17, 18 carbon isotopes 229–230 symmetry zircon provenance 231 axial 271 Umkondo large igneous province, polarity 4, 121, 155, equatorial 271 160, 161–162 meridional 271, 272 upwelling see mantle plumes; superplumes zonal 271, 272 uranium, unconformity 85–87, 88, 90, 91 Tabletop Terrane 61, 62, 63 see also U-Pb geochronology Talbot Terrane 61, 62, 63 Urkontinent 1 Tanami Group 53,54 Tanami Province 50, 51–52, 53, 54, 65, 68,69 Vaalbara supercraton 2,3 tectonic reference frame, first order 270 Variscan orogen 6, 241 Tennant Creek Block 50, 52, 56, 65 Palaeozoic palaeogeography 242–245 Terena flysch 245, 246 see also Rheic Ocean, suture zone Terra Ade´lie Land granites 64 Vehmaa rapakivi batholith 97, 98, 109 Tethys Ocean 7, 268 Virgin Spring Limestone 216, 219, 220, 224, 225, closure 270, 273, 278, 280–281 227, 228 see also Atlantic-Tethys compensation system; zircon provenance 231 Neo-Tethys Ocean; Palaeo-Tethys Ocean VMS (volcanic-hosted massive sulphide) 84, 85–88, Thelon Basin 65–66 89, 90 thermal insulation model 6, 7, 266 Volcano Siliceous Complex 246 thermoremanent magnetization (TRM) 26–28, 36 Walleroo Group 57 thrombolites, Beck Spring Dolomite 217 Ware Group 52, 68 Tickalara Arc 59, 63, 68,69 Wartakan Orogeny 66 Tickalara Metamorphics 59 Warumpi Province 50, 51, 52,65 titanomagnetite Welltree Metamorphics 61 A˚ land dykes 109 Welverdiend Formation 121 Bahia dykes 173 Wernecke Basin 65, 66 Yanbian dykes 196–197 Wernecke Mountains 72 Tobacco Root Mountains dyke 18 West Gondwana 5, 167–168 Tongde intrusions 192, 193 West Nuna 96 Top End Orogen 50 Western Australian craton 49–50 top-down subduction-based mechanisms 265, 266, and North Australian Craton 61–63, 267, 269, 272, 273 70, 71 Trans-Hudson Orogen 64, 88 Western Mount Isa 56–57 transpression, Gondwana-Laurussia collision see also Mount Isa Terrane 253–254 Western Willowra Suture 52, 53,54 Troodos ophiolite 255 Willowra Gravity Ridge 54 true polar wander 7, 8 Willowra Suture Zone 52–54, 66, 68 inertia interchange, Rodinia 191 see also Eastern Willowra Suture; Kalahari and Laurentia cratons 161, 162 Western Willowra Suture Rodinia 5, 6, 191, 208, 209 Wind River Range 16, 17, 19, 35, 36 Tsumis Group red-beds 159, 161 South Pass dyke 18, 20, 24, 36 TU2 see Pahrump Group, basin formation, TU2 structural correction 23, 29 Tumuab granite 121 Wind River thrust fault 29 turbidites Windmill Island 64 Australia 59, 60,65 Windsor Group 252 Iberian Pyrite Belt 246 Wopmay Orogen 64–65 INDEX 297

Wopmay Orogeny 65, 72 Yanbian Group 192, 193 Wyoming craton Yangtze Block 192 dyke swarms 16–40, 18, 36 Yapungku Orogeny 61, 63, 66, 70 age correlation 37 Yaringa Metamorphics 54 geochemistry 19, 21–22, 23, 24–26, 29 Yavapai Orogeny 66 palaeogeography 38–40 Yuanmou Basin 202, 205 palaeomagnetism 23, 26–29, 30, 31, 32, 34 Sm-Nd ratio 19, 23 zinc deposits see lead-zinc deposits structural correction 23–24, 28–31, 35 zircon U-Pb geochronology 17, 19, 20, 24, 25, 26, 27 Laurentian provenance 230–231 geology 17, 18 U-Pb geochronology 98–99 Great Dyke of Wyoming 33, 35–37 A˚ land dykes 96, 97, 98–99, 100, 101, magmatism 16, 17, 35–36, 38 109–110 metamorphism 16 Aubures 147–149, 152, 155, 156–158, subprovince geology 17 159, 162 and Superior Craton 3, 16, 38–40 Bahia dyke swarms 169–172 Beck Spring 218, 221, 225, 226, Xianshuihe-Xiaojiang Transcurrent Fault System 192, 230–231 201–202, 205 post-Guperas dykes 123, 124, 125 Pulo do Lobo Zone 247, 248, 249 Yambah Event 70 Sinclair terrane 121, 122, 123, 124, 125 Yanbian dykes 192, 193, 194 Wyoming craton dykes 17, 19, 20, 24, 25, palaeomagnetism 195–201, 203 26, 27 U-Pb geochronology 194–195, 196 Yanbian dykes 194–195, 196