INDEX

Abitibi, Canada averagepredicted residual error, 490 clay belt, 55, 65 axially symmetriccomponent, 271 clays, 105 greenstonebelt, 57, 65, 72, 102 admittivity, 134 airborne EM, 63, 65 backscattering,399 selection of anomalies, 68 Bakony Hills bauxite deposits,91 survey statistics,65 Bakonyjakohorst, 92 Aitkokan, Ontario research area, 105 balanced coil, 421 Alberta, Canadacoal prospecting,110 balancedloops, 397, 398 Alfred, Ontario resistivitysoundings, 104 barite, 57, 68 Alfred/Hawkesburyairborne area, 105 basalt Alps temperateglaciers, 122 flows, 77, 81 alternatingmagnetic dipole, 296 structure, 83 alternatingmagnetic field, 252 weathered, 82 aluminum, source of, 54 Basin and Range province, Utah, 96 alunite, 97 basis functions, 321 Ampere's law, 281 BathrustCamp, New Brunswick, 57, 65 amphibolite,75, 83, 84, 88, 95 bathymetriccharting, 112, 113 amplitude, 141 bauxite deposits analog Arkansassecondary, 91 detection, 450 Bakony Hill, 91 models, 372 formation, 90 andesite, 71 Guinea secondary,91 Andhra Pradesh, India, Vikarabad area, 82 Guyana buried, 91 angularfrequency, 194 Malaysia, 91 anisotropic,14 Papavar Hungary, 92 anomalouspotential, 257 unconformityrelated, 72 Antarctica, 122 Bells Comers, Ontario, 86 antenna Belo Horizonte, Brazil, 81 adequatesignals, 374, 388, 394 Bessel functions, 253 designof, 386, 394, 398 Bessel'sequation, 253 groundedwire, 390 Besshideposits, Japan, 57, 67 in VLF, 398, 399 binding energy, 32 receiving coils, 394, 397 black cotton soil, 82 Aphebianage rocks, 87 black shales, 57, 60, 70 apparentresistivity map, 106, 115, 118 blue ground, 93 appliedpotential, 255 Bois-de-Cene, France, 84 aqueoussolution, 410 borehole aquifer EM examples,419 freshwater, 56, 115, 121, coaxial system, 422 mapping,Mombasa, Kenya, 115 Born inversion saltwater, 56, 61 procedure,471 Archean rock and sediments, 62 equation, 501 Archean granites, 83, 89 boundary Archie's law, 40 conditions, 148 Arctic value problems, 131 permafrostmapping, 56 Bowen's reaction series, 75 resistivitysoundings, 122 boxcarintegrator, 443 Argillite, conductivityof, 100 Brazil Arles, 115 bauxite deposits,90 arsenopyrite,68 Carajas, 70 Athabasca basin, Saskatchewan, 87, 88 deep weathering area, 72 audiomagnetotelluric Itapicuru greenstonebelt, 83 data, 183 Minas Gerais, 70 EM method, 96 State of Bahia, 106 plane-wavemethod, 391 breccia Australia and tuff, 71 arid areas, 73 conglomerate,68 bauxite deposits,90 form of ore, 69

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Brewsterangle, 183 thickness, 405 brine, 423 transmittingantenna, 388 Broken Hill Mine, New South Wales, 68 coincident-loop,220 Burundi, Bujumbura, Africa, 93 Cole-Cole plot, 20 Burkina Faso, Africa, 95 Colombia, South America, 92 comb-filter, 465 common mode impedance,400, 421 calculus of residues, 272 rejection, 402 Canabrava, Goias, Brazil, 77 voltage, 398, 399, 404, 421 Canada complementaryerror function, 289 Abitibi greenstonebelt, 65 complementarysolution, 203 chemicalpollution surveys, 118 complex conductiveclay layers, 102 resistivity measurements,121 geologicalsurvey, 85 wave number, 194 glaciolacustrinesediments, 55 conductance resistivity soundings,103 anomalies, 93 thick weatheredlayers, 73 definition, 47 Canadian Shield, 67 determination of, 67 canga, duricrust, 75 high, 65 Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia, 113 thickness, 55 Cape Cod Bay, Massachusetts,113 conduction currents, 136 CaptainFlats, NSW, 58 conductive Carajas, Brazil, 70 composites,408 carbonaceousshale, 109 fibers, 408 cassiterite, 68, 82 particles,408 Central Europe, 73 conductive materials area, Nantes, France, 84 central loop configuration,220, 221 conductivity chalcopyrite,57, 58, 63, 66, 68 electricalparameter, 413 changesin coil parameters,396 of modeling materials, 406 characteristicimpedances, 382 confidence intervals, 488,492 chemicalpollution, 112 conglomerate,55, 87, 100, 106 chemicalpollution plumestesting constitutive Canada, 118 equations, 13 Netherlands, 118 relations, 131 USA, 118 controlled source EM, 386 chemicalweathering, 73, 89, 90 convolution, 251 Chert, 63, 68, 71 copper Chester mine, Zeehan, Australia, 63, 64 magmaticdeposits, 69 Chibougamau,Canada sulfide deposit, 67 productionpercentage, 57, 58, 63 chlorideplume, Las Vegas, Nevada, 121 zinc, 57 chlorite, 76 Cramer's rule, 261 chloritization zone, 74 Cretaceous basalt, 82 Cigar Lake, Canada orebody, 88, 89 Cretaceous-Tertiary,110 circular Crone system,62, 63 functions, 287 CSAMT, 90, 391 loop, 218 Cuba lateritic nickel deposits,92 clathrates, 30 cuirasse duricrust, 75 clay cylinder composition,101 centered, 429 conductivity, 55 conductingtarget, 418 frozen, 122 elongated,423,424 impermeablelayer, 118 functions, 253 intercolations, 114 singleloop response,423 lilthology, 107 cylindrical coordinates,252 minerals, 76 Cypruscopper zinc deposits,57 thickness, 103 thin layers, 124 coal prospecting,110 Debye potentials, 300 seam, 109 decay spectrum,353 span, 100 Deccan Trap, 82 cobalt, 90 deep weatheringarea Cobar, NSW, 61 Africa, 73 Cocorobo, Brazil, 106 Australia, 73 coefficientof anisotropy,408, 417 Brazil, 73 coil Guyanas, 73 assembly,404 India, 73 current, 389, 390, 391 Deepem, 89 dipole source, 388 degreesof approximation,373 form construction, 389, 396 detectionof electromagneticsignals, 443 Helmholtz, 394 Detour deposit,Quebec, 65, 66 impedance,389 Devonian, 58, 61 multiple, 403 diabase, 76 placement,375 diamagnetic,35

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dielectric inverseproblem, 470 constant, 410 theory, 131 displacement,132 electronicsignal averaging,443 EM studies of ice, 183 electrostatic field, 255 permittivity, 14, 26, 30, 133 Elura deposit,New SouthWales, 61 susceptibility,142 electromagnetic Dighem system,60, 62, 99, 106 coupling, 372 digital surveys, 97 analogydetector, 456 Eocambrian, 67 detection, 454 equations filtering, 250, 455 differential, 314, 357 dimensionless time, 290 diffusion, 137 Diojon, France, 106 integral, 314 diorite, 76 time-domain, 314 dipolar line sources,255 error dipole-dipolesystems, 386 bounds, 493 direct current due to bottom of tank, 376 equations,319 due to tank boundaries, 381 methods, 424 function, 289 point source, 172 in electrical field results, 397 resistivity, 372 source of, 398 dispersion,140 esker, 101, 103 displacementcurrent estimate of standard error, 378,481 important, 411 Esperance,Western Australia, 110 less than conduction current, 136 negligible,391, 394, 406, 410, 413 significant,413 disseminated sulfides, 62 factor-of-merit, 412 dolomite, 55, 87, 100 factohal, 253 DomenicanRepublic, 92 Fairbanks, Alaska, 122 drumlins, 101 far field, 386, 394 dunite, 81 Faraday shield, 391, 397 duricrust Faraday'slaw, 271 canga, 75 Faro, Yukon, Canada, 68 conductivities, 80 felsic cuirasse, 75 rocks, 57, 76 formation, 75 volcanism, 57, 58 resistive, 55, 62, 81 FEM measurements, 422 methods, 378 system,376, 377 ferromagnetism,35 E-phase, 101 fermgineouszone, 74, 80 East Bull Lake, Massey, Ontario, 103 fiber optic links, 400 East Pacific Rise, 57 fields, 140 East Perenjoh, Western Australia, 118 finite eigencurrents,354 difference solution, 334 eigenparameter,483,491 element technique, 324 eigenvectoranalysis, 489 loop, 387 electostatic, 277 source, 203,428 electric Finland surveying, 68 chargedensity, 133 Flin Flon, Manitoba, Canada, 57, 66 conductivity, 133 Flying Fox, Australia, 70 current, 144 flysch, 58 currentdensity, 133 Fourier transform, 132, 167, 204 dipole, 173 Fox, Alaska, 122 field intensity, 132 fractures, 94 permittivity, 369 France sources, 258 buried deposits,91 electrical nuclear power plants, 106 propertiesof earth materials,53 Frechet prospecting,138 derivative, 472 unit of distance, 18 kernel, 472, 499 electrodes free-space,141 impedance,390, 412, 413 frequencydomain use of, 389, 390, 393, 397,418,421 electromagnetic(FEM), 376 electrolyte, 397 equations, 134, 317 electrolytic - methods, 400 conduction, 25 freshwater-saltwater interface, 114, 115 polarization,46 Fresnelequations, 183 tank, 385, 412 tank field, 413 electromagnetic coupling, 372 gabbro-associatedNi-Cu-Pt deposits,69, 76 field, 252 galena

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in sulfides, 58, 62, 63 Heath Steele mine, 65 ore minerals, 57 helicopterAEM, 71, 67, 99, 106, 113 with sphalerite,68, 69 Helmholtz zone, 57 coils, 394, 421,422 galvanicresponse, 357 equations, 136 gamma function, 253 hematite, 62, 70, 74 generalized inverse, 482 Hilbert transform, 202 geomagneticinduction, 419, 421 homogeneousearth, 197, 210 Geonics, 63, 121 horizontal geophysicalequipment, 443 coplanarconfiguration, 376, 410 geotechnicalstudies, 56, 94, 106 electric dipole, 229 geothermalexploration, 96 magneticdipole, 223 glaciolacustrine horizontal-loopEM, 95, 96 clays, 100, 101 Horne, Quebec orebodies, 57 sediments,54, 65, 72, 102 host rock, 422, 429, 433 GloucesterLandfill Site, Canada, 121 Hungary Gneiss, 75, 80, 95 bauxiteexploration, 91 goethite, 62, 71 buried bauxite, 91 Goias, Brazil, 80 hybrid solutions,359 gold, 54, 57, 58, 65, 72 hydrothermal gold mining towns activity, 57, 68 Kirkland Lake, Canada, 65 alteration, 72, 89, 96 Rouyn-Noranda•,Canada, 65 solutions, 57 Timmins, Canada, 65 systemsmapping, Nevada, 99 Val d Or, Canada, 65 hyperbolicfunctions, 287 Goldstreamdeposit, B.C., 57, 67 gossan,62, 63 grade copper-zincsulfide orebodies, 57 lead and zinc orebodies, 69 IberianPyrite Belt (Spain, Portugal),57 platinum-groupdeposits, 69 igneousrocks, 54, 69, 76, 93 zinc, copper,lead deposits,57 Illisarvik, NWT, 123 zinc and lead deposits,68 ilmenite, 94 granite imaginarypart, 141 biotite, 122 impedivity, 134 coveredby regolith, 89 Imperial Valley California, 99 hydrothermallyaltered tertiary, 97 impulsivefields, 140 in-situ resistivity,76 in-phase, 141 Permo-Carboniferous,81 incident fields, 268 Rapadamasurvey, 95 Indonesialateritic nickel deposits,92 tertiary, 97 inducedpolarization, 15, 46, 47, 68, 142, 372 graphite, 54 induction graphitic number, 366, 368,376, 377 metapelite, 88, 89 regime, 18 schist, 66, 83 systems, 390 shale, 66 Ingham, Queensland,Australia, 81 gravel, 55, 100, 101, 121 Input Green's function, 167 helicopterAEM surveyreport, 67, 83 Greenland, 122 location of AEM anomalies, 84 greenstonebelts, 57 survey results, 86, 105, 113, 118 Abitibi, Canada, 57, 65, 72, 102 tests, 62 Rice Lake, Canada, 86 use, 102, 110, 115 Whim Creek, Australia, 62 instrumentationexamples, 419 greywacke, 100 insulators, 22, 25 ground EM, 63, 82, 83, 90, 124 integralequation groundedwire, 237 formulations for inversion, 318, 499 groundwater method, 345 exploration, 56, 94, 106 solutions, 282 prospecting,106 interfaceimpedance, 412 interfacialpolarization, 45 intrinsicimpedance, 195 inverse half-planes,433 Fourier transform, 352 half-plates,433 Laplace transform, 271 half-space inversion statistics, 490 conductive, 376, 415,419, 433 inward and outward propagatingwaves, 295 simulating,433 ion exchangeprocess, 40 surfaceimpedance, 415 Ireland EM surveys,69 ß Hall effect, 16 iron Hankel functions, 253 detection of formations, 70, 71 Hankel transform, 282 formationtypes, 70 hardebank, 93 irrelevantparameter, 484 Hawaiian basalts, 76 isotropicminerals or rocks, 14 HCP loop-loopsystem, 377 itabirite, 70 HCP slingram,427 Itapicuru greenstonebelt

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Araci, Brazil, 83 operation,404 Bahia, Brazil, 83 signal averagingdetector, 443 use of two-component,422 with receiving coil, 402 loess, 84 Jacobian matrix, 481 logarithmicmixing rule, 44 jaspilite, 70 longitudinal joint inversion,490, 494 chokes, 400, 402, 421,422 inducing field, 264 loop air core, 388, 389 Kalgoorlie, Australia, 70 receiving, 394, 396, 397, 398,420 Kambalda, Western Australia transmitting,394 camp, 70 Lorentz conditions, 146 deposits,69 loss kames, 101, 103 factor, 18 KangrooHills, Australia, 81 tangent, 141 kaolin, 72, 90 kaolinite, 74, 88, 97, 107 Keretti, Finland, 57 Kidd Creek, Ontario, 57, 66 Mackenzie Delta, NWT, 123 kimberlites, 72, 93 mafic Kitchener-Milton, 110 minerals, 76 Known Geothermal Resource Area, 96 rocks, 76 Kuroko Green Tuff Belt, 57 volcanic, 58 Kuroko-typedeposits, 60 magmaticdeposits, 69 magnetic association, 65, 67, 70 current, 144 LabradorTrough, Quebec, 66, 71, 87 dipole, 175,285 Lachlan Fold Belt Australia, 57 field intensity, 132 Lake Agasiz, Manitoba, 102 induction, 132 Lake Champlain, Ottawa, 102 permeability, 15, 133, 368, 382 Lake Ojibwe-Barlow, Ontario-Quebec, 102 signature,94 Lake Superiortype iron formation, 70 sources, 258 Laplace's equation, 200 susceptibility,71, 142 large horizontalloop, 217 magnetite, 57, 70, 71, 94 Lassen National Park, California, 99 magnetostaticproblems, 277 lateritic nickel deposits,92 magnetostaticfield, 252 Colombia, 92 magnetotelluric Cuba, 92 induction, 419, 421 Domenico Republic, 92 measurementinterpretation, 90 Indonesia, 92 modeling, 377, 391, 398 New Caledonia, 92 one-dimensionaldata interpretation,183 lateritic soils, Quatipuru, Brazil, 80 systems,370 laterization, 75 techniques,100 Lavras do Sul, Brazil, 71 Magusi River, Iso, New Insco, Canada, 65 layeredhalf-space, 203 Mali resistivityrange, 95 leachateplume, 121 Manitoba Pioneerproject, 86 leached zone, 75, 80, 88, 91 map of apparentresistivity, 97 leaching, 75, 90 marcasite, 68 lead, 57, 58, 63, 68 marine clays, 84 least-squarespseudoinverse, 481 marl, 106 Legendre Marquardt method, 484 associatedLegendre functions, 293 massive sulfide equation, 278 deposits,56 polynomial, 278 form of ores, 69 lignite, 100, 110 in Pyritic ore, 62 limestone pyrhotite, in, 65 and bauxite contrast, 91 resistivities, 60 coastal reef, 115 typical anomaly, 67 Jurassic, 106 Matheson, Ontario, 102 Late Sillurian deposit, 58 Mattagami Syndicate, 65 layer confinedplume, 121 Maxwell's equations,131 Paleozoic, 105 McArthur River-type orebodies,69 resistive, 55, 100, 106 McClean, Canada orebody, 88, 90 line electrode, 372, 415, 416 Merensky Reef mines, South Africa, 69 line source, 178, 252, 269 mesozoic lineaments, 72, 94, 105, 112 basement, 106 linearization, 472 shale, 83 lock-in amplifier Tucano Basin, 106 advantagesof, 402,403 metals, 22 alternative to, 403 metamorphicrocks, 54, 79 dc offset circuits, 401 method definition, 401 of moments, 321

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of weighted residuals, 321 orebodies, Mt. Isa, Australia, 69 microcomputer,403,422 Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, 86, 121 Minas Gerais, Brazil, 70, 80, 81 Ouagadougou,Africa, 95 mineral Outokumpu, Finland, 57 exploration, 94 outwardtraveling wave, 294, 295 prospecting,65 overburden, 404, 406, 423,429, 433 Missouri Old Lead Belt, 69 Viburnum Trend District, 69 mobility of ions, 39 paleo-saprolite Mobrun, Canada, 65 layers, New Brunswick, 85, 86 mode decomposition,132 paleoweatheredlayers, 84, 90 model paleozoic, 87 fitting, 479 paramagnetic,35 operationalprocedures, 403 parameterestimation, 479 model materials Pechenga,USSR, 69 conductivityof, 406 pentlanditeand chalcopyrite,69 criteria for selection, 368 peridotite, 70, 77, 86 modified Bessel functions, 253, 286 permafrost, 56, 112, 122 molecularpolarization, 30 Permian, 109 monopolarline sources,255 permitivity of water, 30 Mons Cupri, Western Australia, 62, 65 phaseof conductivity,141 montmorillonite, 76, 93, 97, 98 physical most parsimoniousmodel, 490 facilities, 375 mottled zone, 55, 74, 80, 81 property factor, 257 Mount Isa, Queensland, 68, 69 scale modeling, 365, 366, 372, 423 mudstone, 58 weathering, 73 multidimensional inversion, 495 piezoelectric mutual impedance polarization, 15 of groundedwires, 240 properties,37 of loops, 228 Pilbara, Australia, 62 Pine Point, NWT, Canada, 69 Pioneerproject, 86 pipe mine, 69 natural field AMT, MT, and VLF, 391 plane of constantphase, 138 near field, 386, 394 plane of incidence, 189 Neumann function, 253 plane wave Newmont system, 62 methods, 397,427 nickel, 54, 69, 72, 90, 93 sources, 376, 391 nickel deposit,Musongati, Burundi, Africa, 77, 93 platinum, 69 nickel sulfide deposits,Mt. Keith, Australia, 70 plutoniccomplex, Winnipigow River, 86 Nigeria duricrust, 80 point electrode, 372, 415, 416 noise Polaris Mines, NWT, Canada, 69 to avoid, 382, 388 polarization bandwidth, 443 resistivitymodeling, 412 causes of, 387 vector, 131, 142 processingtechniques, 443 polluted water, 121 systemrejection, 403 pollution plume, 56, 121 noiseto signal ratio, 485, 488 polylmetallic nonglacialunconsolidated sediments, 106 basemetal deposits,58 Noranda district, Canada, 65 ore, 58 Norilsk, USSR, 69 pore fluid, 100, 112 normal incidence, 191 porosity, 55, 100, 107, 112 normal potential, 257 potentials, 144 Nova Lima, Brazil, 80, 81 power reflection coefficients, 192 nuclearfuel waste managementprogram, 105 Precambrian nuclear fuel waste research areas age, 71 Aitkohan, Ontario, 105 basement, 110 East Bull Lake, Massey, 105 granite and gneiss, 87 Whiteshell, Manitoba, 105 greenstonebelt, 67, 69 numerical shields, 55 integration,250 topography, 110 modeling, 433 primary potential, 215 profiling, 110 propertiesof model materials, 406, 413 pryitic ore, 62 oblique incidence, 198 pulse basis functions, 322 Old Lead Belt District, Missouri, 69 pyrite Onakawana, Canada, 110 conductivity, 66, 69 one-dimensional earth, 202 in lens, 58 Ontario, Canada, 53, 65, 110 massive sulfide, 62 ophiolite, 57 ore mineral, 68 optical fiber link, 399, 402, 421 zone, 57, 63, 97 optimization, 461,479 pyrrhotite Ordovician age, 110 conductivity, 67, 69

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content, 62, 67 Santa Fe, Goias, Brazil, 80 in massivesulfide deposits,65, 68 Saone River, France, 106 in Ni-Cu magmatic deposits,70 saprolite zone, 57, 65 conductive, 62, 70, 81, 112 layers, 66, 74, 84, 88, 106 leaching, 90 resistivity of, 55, 82 quadrature, 141 response,62 quartz, 68, 71, 76 water saturated zone, 76 quartzite, 88, 89 Saskatchewan, Canada, 87, 101 quasi-static scalar potential, 151 approximation,200, 210, 225 scale model, 394, 572 case, 171 scale model studies, 423,433 quaternary,92, 100, 104, 106, 110 scale modeling, 372, 433 Quebec, Canada scalingrelationships, 366 Abitibi greenstonebelt, 65 Scandinavia conductivitydata, 66 glaciatedareas, 55 governmentpolicy, 68 thick weatheredlayers, 73 Queensland,Australia, 68, 69 scattered fields, 268 Schelkunoffpotentials, 132, 144 schists, 80, 84 Scott orebody, Canada, 67 Rabbit Lake, Canada, uranium deposit, 88 sea ice, 56 radar antenna, 374 seawater, 55, 112, 113, 115 radial magneticdipole, 301 sedimenthosted sulfide deposits,68 radio frequencies,382, 383, 418 sedimentaryrocks, 100, 106 radio link, 399 Selebi-Pikwe, Botswana, Africa, 69 Rammelsberg,Meggan, Germany, 68 selectionof AEM anomalies, 68 (see also airborne EM, Rapadama,Africa, 95 selection of anomalies) real component, 141 selectionof targets, 65 receiving semiconductors, 22 coil, 397,402 Sennecey,France, 106 loop, 394, 396, 397 sensitivitycoefficient, 481 reciprocity, 181, 226 sensitivitymatrix, 490 rectangularloop, 217 serpentinitedikes, 84, 86 reflected waves, 184 shale, 61, 100, 105, 107, 109, 110, 115 reflectionof plane waves, 183 shallow-waterbathymetry, 56, 112 reflection coefficient, 188, 191, 302 shear zones, 54 refractionof plane waves, 183 shears, 94 regolith, 74, 87, 88, 89 sheet, 392,405,414, 423 relative dielectric permittivity, 141 Sherman Mine, Canada, 71 relative magneticpermeability, 141 shield design, 382, 383 remote coil, 403 shielded repetitivesignals, 443 loop, 397, 421 research area, Whiteshell, Manitoba, 105 magneticfield, 382, 383 resistivity preamplifer,402 logs, 77, 87, 101 tank bottom, 394 maps, 92, 97, 99, 110 transmitter, 390 modeling, 412 shielding, 398 profiling, 92, 110 signal detectors,443 ranges, 54, 60, 83 signal-to-noiseratio, 387, 394, 401, 403, 404, 450, section, 103, 123 461 soundings,77, 80, 83, 95, 103, 106, 110, 114, 124 siliceouslayer, 63 surveys, 97 siliceous ore, 61 use, 55, 81, 83, 95, 106, 114 siltstone, 58, 61, 110 resolvingkernel, 476 Silurian reviews of model studies, 418 deposits,58 radio-frequencyenergy, 385, 399, 418 dolomite, 110 Rhone delta, France, 115 silver, 57, 58, 68 rhyolite, 97 Silvermines,Tynagh, Ireland, 68 Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, 71, 83 singularvalue decompositions,482 RooseveltHot Springs, Arkansas, 96 Sirotem system, 62, 428 Rosebery, Australia, 65 skin depth, 17, 138 slab, 404, 405,415 slate, 58, 100 Slingram, 401,404, 419, 428 Sahel, Africa, 95 Snell's law, 183 saline water, 118 solutionappraisal, 373 salinity, 112, 114 source salinization, 115 array, 419 Salt Creek, Australia, 62 loops, 396 salt pans, 118 sources in unbounded media, 167 saltwater-freshwater interface, 112 spectraltransfer function, 443 sand, 55, 100, 104, 106, 107, 114, 118, 121, 124 sphalerite,57, 58, 62, 63 sandstone,58, 71, 87, 100, 105, 106, 107, 115 and galena, 68, 69

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spherical line source, 180 coordinates, 276, 279 magneticdipole, 177, 305 cylinderfunctions, 282 measurements, 389, 422 Spiekeroog,Germany, 114 response,287 stepfunction response, 443 transmissionline, 397, 398, 399, 400 strataboundorebodies, Mississippi Valley, 69 transmitted waves, 184 submarine volcanic rocks, 57 transmitter, 386, 387, 389, 390, 398 Sudbury, Ontario, Canada, 69 transmittingloops, 394 sulfidedeposit, Whistle, Ontario, Canada, 53 transverseinducing field, 259 Sullivan, British Columbia, 68 transversemagnetic dipole, 296 superparamagneticeffect, 134 Triassic, 91, 107 surfaceimpedance, 197 Tridem, 105, 115 survey steps Trondheim, Norway, 57 data interpretation,53 Tuktoyaktuk, Canada, 123 data processing,53 Turam, 401, 419 surveying,53 Tverfjell, Killingal, Norway, 57 Sydney Basin, Australia, 107 two-dimensional model, 322 syenite, 76 and three-dimensional source, 341 synchronousdetection, 443

ultra high frequency(UHF), 397 taconite, 70, 71 ultramafic-associatedNi-Cu deposits,65, 69 tank unconformity-relateduranium deposits,88 boundaryresponse, 380, 381 unconsolidatedsediments, lea, 106, 121, 122 concrete, 421 uniform designof, 376, 377, 392, 394 field, 421,433 electric field, 393, 397 plane wave, 138 empty, 393 source, 386, 390 positionto coil assembly,404 stackingdetector, 459 rectangular, 393 unimportantparameters, 484 sketch, 419 uniqueness,471 Tanzania, Africa, 82, 94 unshielded tanks, 421 Tasmania, Australia, 63 uranium, 72, 88, 89, 90 Tasmania, Que River, 64 deposit,Rabbit Lake, Canada, 88 TE mode, 132, 205 Utrecht, The Netherlands, 118 telluric method, 96, 393 TEM. (see transientelectromagnetic) Temagami, Ontario, Canada, 71 Tennessee, East District, 69 Val Gagne, Ontario, 103 Tensor Green's functions, 180 vector potentials, 146 Tertiary, 57, 91, 97, 106, 110 vehicle-borne EM, 65 testingand calibration, 404 vertical Teutonic Bore, Western Australia, 63, 80 EM loop, 69 Thalangadeposit, Queensland, 63 magneticdipole, 208 thin sheet, 370, 372, 386, 405,414,416 Viburnum Trend District, Missouri, 69 thin-sheet solution, 351 Vikarabad area, Andhra Prodesh, India, 82 Thompsondeposit, Manitoba, Canada, 69 very low frequency three-dimensionalmodeling, 345 field results, 424 till, 55, 90, 101, 104, 110 measurements, 420 tilt-angle, 419 methods, 391 time constant, 465 studies, 419 time domain surveys,92, 95 electromagnetic,63, 107, 114, 123, 132 techniques,95 equations,314 waves, 399 Green's function, 169 volcanic-associatedmassive sulfide deposits,54, 57, Maxwell's equation, 132 62, 65, 66, 67 method, 419 volume polarization, 30 response,352 source, 429 systems,370 3-D solution, 355 Wadena, Saskatchewansurveys, 101 Timmins, Ontario, Canada, 65, 66 Warburg impedance,47 tin, 54 waste disposal, 118 TM mode, 132 water tonnageof deposits,57 saturation, 55, lea total reflection, 183, 192 table, 55, 74, 90, 106 transfer matrix, 196 Watson Lake, 65 transformers, 400 wave transient equation, 131, 276 calculations, 352 functions, 132 electric dipole, 174 impedance,183, 382, 393 electromagneticmethod, 378,403,423, 428,433 length, 17, 18, 285 fields of a large loop, 221 number, 16, 18, 137 Green's function, 170 transformation, 291

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weatheredlayer whole space, 276 composition,54, 62, 63, 66, 82, 88, 95 Woodlawn, Australia deposit, 57, 60 electric response,106 world class orebodies, New Caledonia, 92 prospecting,70 resistivity, 72, 80, 83 weathering, alteration, 72 yellow ground, 93 process,75 Yilgarn Block, Western Australia, 70 profile, 74, 76, 80, 90 Yugoslavia weighting functions, 321 bauxite deposits,91 well-logging, 60, 100, 106, 107, 123 burtied, 91 Wenner array, 415,416, 418 residual, 91 Westarm deposit, Flin Flon, Manitoba, 66 Western Australia deposits Mt. Isa, 69 Mt. Keith, 69, 70 zinc, 57, 58, 63, 68 Kambalda, 69 zone of fractured rock, 76

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