Zootaxa, Urolophus Kapalensis Sp. Nov., a New

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Zootaxa, Urolophus Kapalensis Sp. Nov., a New

Zootaxa 1176: 41–52 (2006) ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ ZOOTAXA 1176 Copyright © 2006 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) Urolophus kapalensis sp. nov., a new stingaree (Myliobatiformes: Urolophidae) off eastern Australia GORDON K. YEARSLEY & PETER R. LAST CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research, GPO Box 1538, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia; gordon.years- [email protected] Abstract A new stingaree, Urolophus kapalensis sp. nov., is described from material collected off eastern Australia. It differs from the partially sympatric U. paucimaculatus, the only other known Urolo- phus with a bell-shaped internasal flap, in having a dorsal fin (absent in U. paucimaculatus), in col- oration (e.g. with a V-shaped band across the interorbit, which is absent in U. paucimaculatus), and in a number of morphometric and meristic characters including: a narrower disc (disc width 4.6–5.0 times distance between first gill slits vs 5.1 in U. paucimaculatus), a longer stinging spine (11.8– 14.9 vs 9.3–11.5% TL), a shorter spiracle (0.8–1.0 vs 1.1–1.2 times orbit length), and more pre- spine vertebrae (86–95 vs 79–88). The two species are also distinguished by the cytochrome oxi- dase subunit 1 (CO1) gene with a divergence of 9%. The new Urolophus is medium-sized, and occurs from Cape Moreton (Qld) south to Disaster Bay (N.S.W.) in depths of 9–79 m. Key words: Australia, new species, southwestern Pacific Ocean, stingaree, Tasman Sea, Urol- ophidae, Urolophus Introduction The batoid family Urolophidae, otherwise known as stingarees, is represented in Australia by two genera Trygonoptera Müller & Henle, 1841 and Urolophus Müller & Henle, 1837 (Last & Stevens 1994; Last & Compagno 1999). Members of Trygonoptera are readily identified by the presence of broad, flattened fleshy lobes on the mid-lateral margin of each nostril (lobes absent in Urolophus) (Last & Stevens 1994). Phylogenetically signifi- cant skeletal differences also distinguish the two genera and these are the subject of a forthcoming paper by Yearsley, Last & Gomon (in prep.). Urolophus contains 22 valid nominal species, with 15 recorded from Australian seas (Last & Stevens 1994, Séret & Last 2003). Two new Australian Urolophus species were Accepted by M. de Carvalho: 23 Feb. 2006; published: 21 Apr. 2006 41.

Copy Link

Recommended publications

Contributions to the Skeletal Anatomy of Freshwater Stingrays (Chondrichthyes, Myliobatiformes): 1
Zoosyst. Evol. 88 (2) 2012, 145–158 / DOI 10.1002/zoos.201200013 Contributions to the skeletal anatomy of freshwater stingrays (Chondrichthyes, Myliobatiformes): 1. Morphology of male Potamotrygon motoro from South America Rica Stepanek*,1 and Jrgen Kriwet University of Vienna, Department of Paleontology, Geozentrum (UZA II), Althanstr. 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria Abstract Received 8 August 2011 The skeletal anatomy of most if not all freshwater stingrays still is insufficiently known Accepted 17 January 2012 due to the lack of detailed morphological studies. Here we describe the morphology of Published 28 September 2012 an adult male specimen of Potamotrygon motoro to form the basis for further studies into the morphology of freshwater stingrays and to identify potential skeletal features for analyzing their evolutionary history. Potamotrygon is a member of Myliobatiformes and forms together with Heliotrygon, Paratrygon and Plesiotrygon the Potamotrygoni- dae. Potamotrygonids are exceptional because they are the only South American ba- toids, which are obligate freshwater rays. The knowledge about their skeletal anatomy Key Words still is very insufficient despite numerous studies of freshwater stingrays. These studies, however, mostly consider only external features (e.g., colouration patterns) or selected Batomorphii skeletal structures. To gain a better understanding of evolutionary traits within sting- Potamotrygonidae rays, detailed anatomical analyses are urgently needed. Here, we present the first de- Taxonomy tailed anatomical account of a male Potamotrygon motoro specimen, which forms the Skeletal morphology basis of prospective anatomical studies of potamotrygonids. Introduction with the radiation of mammals. Living elasmobranchs are thus the result of a long evolutionary history. Neoselachians include all living sharks, rays, and Some of the most astonishing and unprecedented ex- skates, and their fossil relatives.
[Show full text]
South Bay 2007
Annual Receiving Waters Monitoring Report for the South Bay Ocean Outfall (South Bay Water Reclamation Plant) 2007 City of San Diego Ocean Monitoring Program Metropolitan Wastewater Department Environmental Monitoring and Technical Services Division THE CITY OF SAN DIEGO MAYOR JERRY SANDERS June 30, 2008 Mr. John Robertus Executive Officer Regional Water Quality Control Board San Diego Region 917 4 Sky Park Court, Suite 100 San Diego, CA 92123 Attention: POTW Compliance Unit Dear Sir: Enclosed is the 2008 Annual Receiving Waters Monitoring Report for NPDES Permit No. CA0109045, Order No. 2006-067, for the City ofSan Diego South Bay Water Reclamation Plant (SBWRP) discharge through the South Bay Ocean Outfall. This report contains data summaries and statistical analyses for the various portions of the ocean monitoring program, including oceanographic conditions, microbiology, sediment characteristics, macro benthic communities, demersal fishes and megabenthic invertebrates, and bioaccumulation of contaminants in fish tissues. These data are also presented in the International Boundary and Water Commission's annual report for discharge from the International Wastewater Treatment Plant (NPDES Permit No. CA0108928, OrderNo. 96-50). I certify under penalty of law that this document and all attachments were prepared under my direction or supervision in accordance with a system designed to assure that qualified personnel properly gather and evaluate the information submitted. Based on my inquiry ofthe person or persons who manage the system, or those persons directly responsible for gathering the information, I certify that the information submitted is, to the best ofmy knowledge and belief, true, accurate, and complete. I am aware that there are significant penalties for submitting false information, including the possibility of fine and imprisonment for knowing violations.
[Show full text]
Redalyc.Hábitos Alimentarios De La Raya Urobatis Halleri (Cooper, 1863)
Ciencias Marinas ISSN: 0185-3880 [email protected] Universidad Autónoma de Baja California México Valadez González, Carmen; Aguilar Palomino, Bernabé; Hernández Vázquez, Salvador Hábitos alimentarios de la raya Urobatis halleri (Cooper, 1863) (Chondrichthyes: urolophidae) capturada en la plataforma continental de Jalisco y Colima, México Ciencias Marinas, vol. 27, núm. 1, marzo, 2001, pp. 91-104 Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Ensenada, México Disponible en: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=48027106 Cómo citar el artículo Número completo Sistema de Información Científica Más información del artículo Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina, el Caribe, España y Portugal Página de la revista en redalyc.org Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto Ciencias Marinas (2001), 27(1): 91–104 HÁBITOS ALIMENTARIOS DE LA RAYA Urobatis halleri (COOPER, 1863) (CHONDRICHTHYES: UROLOPHIDAE) CAPTURADA EN LA PLATAFORMA CONTINENTAL DE JALISCO Y COLIMA, MÉXICO FEEDING HABITS OF THE ROUND STINGRAY Urobatis halleri (COOPER, 1863) (CHONDRICHTHYES: UROLOPHIDAE) FROM THE CONTINENTAL SHELF OF JALISCO AND COLIMA, MEXICO Carmen Valadez-González* Bernabé Aguilar-Palomino Salvador Hernández-Vázquez Centro de Ecología Costera Centro Universitario de la Costa Sur Universidad de Guadalajara Gómez Farias No. 82 San Patricio-Melaque Cihuatlán, C.P. 48980, Jalisco, México * E-mail: [email protected] Recibido en junio de 2000; aceptado en octubre de 2000 RESUMEN Se analizaron los estómagos de 295 rayas de la especie Urobatis halleri (Urolophus halleri), capturadas en la plataforma continental de Jalisco y Colima (México), en muestreos mensuales de septiembre de 1997 a agosto de 1998. De acuerdo con el índice de importancia relativa, esta especie se alimentó principalmente de invertebrados bentónicos, como los estomatópodos Eurysquilla veleronis y Meiosquilla swetti, anfípodos, el decápodo Processa peruviana y brachiuros portúnidos, y en una menor proporción, de poliquetos y peces.
[Show full text]
A Review of Longnose Skates Zearaja Chilensisand Dipturus Trachyderma (Rajiformes: Rajidae)
Univ. Sci. 2015, Vol. 20 (3): 321-359 doi: 10.11144/Javeriana.SC20-3.arol Freely available on line REVIEW ARTICLE A review of longnose skates Zearaja chilensis and Dipturus trachyderma (Rajiformes: Rajidae) Carolina Vargas-Caro1 , Carlos Bustamante1, Julio Lamilla2 , Michael B. Bennett1 Abstract Longnose skates may have a high intrinsic vulnerability among fishes due to their large body size, slow growth rates and relatively low fecundity, and their exploitation as fisheries target-species places their populations under considerable pressure. These skates are found circumglobally in subtropical and temperate coastal waters. Although longnose skates have been recorded for over 150 years in South America, the ability to assess the status of these species is still compromised by critical knowledge gaps. Based on a review of 185 publications, a comparative synthesis of the biology and ecology was conducted on two commercially important elasmobranchs in South American waters, the yellownose skate Zearaja chilensis and the roughskin skate Dipturus trachyderma; in order to examine and compare their taxonomy, distribution, fisheries, feeding habitats, reproduction, growth and longevity. There has been a marked increase in the number of published studies for both species since 2000, and especially after 2005, although some research topics remain poorly understood. Considering the external morphological similarities of longnose skates, especially when juvenile, and the potential niche overlap in both, depth and latitude it is recommended that reproductive seasonality, connectivity and population structure be assessed to ensure their long-term sustainability. Keywords: conservation biology; fishery; roughskin skate; South America; yellownose skate Introduction Edited by Juan Carlos Salcedo-Reyes & Andrés Felipe Navia Global threats to sharks, skates and rays have been 1.
[Show full text]
Rapid Assessment of Sustainability for Ecological Risk of Shark and Other
Rapid assessment of sustainability for ecological risk of shark and other chondrichthyan bycatch species taken in the Southern and Eastern Scalefish and Shark Fishery Terence I. Walker, John D. Stevens, J. Matias Braccini, Ross K. Daley, Charlie Huveneers, Sarah B. Irvine, Justin D. Bell, Javier Tovar‐Ávila, Fabian I. Trinnie, David T. Phillips, Michelle A. Treloar, Cynthia A. Awruck, Anne S. Gason, John Salini, and William C. Hamlett Project No. 2002/033 Rapid assessment of sustainability for ecological risk of shark and other chondrichthyan bycatch species taken in the Southern and Eastern Scalefish and Shark Fishery Terence I. Walker, John D. Stevens, J. Matias Braccini, Ross K. Daley, Charlie Huveneers, Sarah B. Irvine, Justin D. Bell, Javier Tovar‐ Ávila, Fabian I. Trinnie, David T. Phillips, Michelle A. Treloar, Cynthia A. Awruck, Anne S. Gason, John Salini, and William C. Hamlett July 2008 Project Number 2002/033 Rapid assessment of sustainability for ecological risk of shark and other chondrichthyan bycatch species taken in the Southern and Eastern Scalefish and Shark Fishery FRDC Report 2002/033 Terence I. Walker, John D. Stevens, J. Matias Braccini, Ross J. Daley, Charlie Huveneers, Sarah B. Irvine, Justin D. Bell, Javier Tovar‐ Ávila, Fabian I. Trinnie, David T. Phillips, Michelle A. Treloar, Cynthia A. Awruck, Anne S. Gason, John Salini, and Hamlett, W. C. Published by Department of Primary Industries, Fisheries Research Brand, Queenscliff, Victoria, 3225. © Fisheries Research and Development Corporation, and Fisheries Victoria. 2008 This work is copyright. Except as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968 (Cth), no part of this publication may be reproduced by any process, electronic or otherwise, without the specific written permission of the copyright owners.
[Show full text]
2020 Interim Receiving Waters Monitoring Report
POINT LOMA OCEAN OUTFALL MONTHLY RECEIVING WATERS INTERIM RECEIVING WATERS MONITORING REPORT FOR THE POINTM ONITORINGLOMA AND SOUTH R EPORTBAY OCEAN OUTFALLS POINT LOMA 2020 WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT NPDES Permit No. CA0107409 SDRWQCB Order No. R9-2017-0007 APRIL 2021 Environmental Monitoring and Technical Services 2392 Kincaid Road x Mail Station 45A x San Diego, CA 92101 Tel (619) 758-2300 Fax (619) 758-2309 INTERIM RECEIVING WATERS MONITORING REPORT FOR THE POINT LOMA AND SOUTH BAY OCEAN OUTFALLS 2020 POINT LOMA WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT (ORDER NO. R9-2017-0007; NPDES NO. CA0107409) SOUTH BAY WATER RECLAMATION PLANT (ORDER NO. R9-2013-0006 AS AMENDED; NPDES NO. CA0109045) SOUTH BAY INTERNATIONAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT (ORDER NO. R9-2014-0009 AS AMENDED; NPDES NO. CA0108928) Prepared by: City of San Diego Ocean Monitoring Program Environmental Monitoring & Technical Services Division Ryan Kempster, Editor Ami Latker, Editor June 2021 Table of Contents Production Credits and Acknowledgements ...........................................................................ii Executive Summary ...................................................................................................................1 A. Latker, R. Kempster Chapter 1. General Introduction ............................................................................................3 A. Latker, R. Kempster Chapter 2. Water Quality .......................................................................................................15 S. Jaeger, A. Webb, R. Kempster,
[Show full text]
Redalyc.A Review of Longnose Skates Zearaja Chilensis and Dipturus Trachyderma (Rajiformes: Rajidae)
Universitas Scientiarum ISSN: 0122-7483 [email protected] Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Colombia Vargas-Caro, Carolina; Bustamante, Carlos; Lamilla, Julio; Bennett, Michael B. A review of longnose skates Zearaja chilensis and Dipturus trachyderma (Rajiformes: Rajidae) Universitas Scientiarum, vol. 20, núm. 3, 2015, pp. 321-359 Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Bogotá, Colombia Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=49941379004 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Univ. Sci. 2015, Vol. 20 (3): 321-359 doi: 10.11144/Javeriana.SC20-3.arol Freely available on line REVIEW ARTICLE A review of longnose skates Zearaja chilensis and Dipturus trachyderma (Rajiformes: Rajidae) Carolina Vargas-Caro1 , Carlos Bustamante1, Julio Lamilla2 , Michael B. Bennett1 Abstract Longnose skates may have a high intrinsic vulnerability among fishes due to their large body size, slow growth rates and relatively low fecundity, and their exploitation as fisheries target-species places their populations under considerable pressure. These skates are found circumglobally in subtropical and temperate coastal waters. Although longnose skates have been recorded for over 150 years in South America, the ability to assess the status of these species is still compromised by critical knowledge gaps. Based on a review of 185 publications, a comparative synthesis of the biology and ecology was conducted on two commercially important elasmobranchs in South American waters, the yellownose skate Zearaja chilensis and the roughskin skate Dipturus trachyderma; in order to examine and compare their taxonomy, distribution, fisheries, feeding habitats, reproduction, growth and longevity.
[Show full text]
Zootaxa, Urolophus Kapalensis Sp. Nov., a New Stingaree (Myliobatiformes: Urolophidae)
Zootaxa 1176: 41–52 (2006) ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ ZOOTAXA 1176 Copyright © 2006 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) Urolophus kapalensis sp. nov., a new stingaree (Myliobatiformes: Urolophidae) off eastern Australia GORDON K. YEARSLEY & PETER R. LAST CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research, GPO Box 1538, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia; gordon.years- [email protected] Abstract A new stingaree, Urolophus kapalensis sp. nov., is described from material collected off eastern Australia. It differs from the partially sympatric U. paucimaculatus, the only other known Urolo- phus with a bell-shaped internasal flap, in having a dorsal fin (absent in U. paucimaculatus), in col- oration (e.g. with a V-shaped band across the interorbit, which is absent in U. paucimaculatus), and in a number of morphometric and meristic characters including: a narrower disc (disc width 4.6–5.0 times distance between first gill slits vs 5.1 in U. paucimaculatus), a longer stinging spine (11.8– 14.9 vs 9.3–11.5% TL), a shorter spiracle (0.8–1.0 vs 1.1–1.2 times orbit length), and more pre- spine vertebrae (86–95 vs 79–88). The two species are also distinguished by the cytochrome oxi- dase subunit 1 (CO1) gene with a divergence of 9%. The new Urolophus is medium-sized, and occurs from Cape Moreton (Qld) south to Disaster Bay (N.S.W.) in depths of 9–79 m. Key words: Australia, new species, southwestern Pacific Ocean, stingaree, Tasman Sea, Urol- ophidae, Urolophus Introduction The batoid family Urolophidae, otherwise known as stingarees, is represented in Australia by two genera Trygonoptera Müller & Henle, 1841 and Urolophus Müller & Henle, 1837 (Last & Stevens 1994; Last & Compagno 1999).
[Show full text]
To View Asset
Baywide Monitoring of Key Fishery Species in Seagrass Beds Sub-Program Progress Report No. 5 (April 2010) Neil Hutchinson & Greg Jenkins June 2010 Fisheries Victoria Technical Report Series No. 101 If you would like to receive this Copyright The State of Victoria, Department of information/publication in an Primary Industries, 2010. accessible format (such as large This publication is copyright. No part may be reproduced by any process except in accordance print or audio) please call the with the provisions of the Copyright Act 1968. Customer Service Centre on: Authorised by the Victorian Government, GPO 136 186, TTY: 1800 122 969, Box 4440, Melbourne, VIC 3001 or email Printed by Fisheries Victoria, Queenscliff, [email protected] Victoria Published: Fisheries Victoria Hutchinson, N. and Jenkins, G. (2010). Baywide Department of Primary Monitoring of Key Fishery Species in Seagrass Industries, Queenscliff Centre Beds Sub-Program. Progress Report No. 5 (April PO Box 114, Queenscliff, Victoria 2010). Fisheries Victoria Technical Report Series 3225 Australia. No. 101, June 2010. Fisheries Victoria, Department of Primary Industries, Queenscliff, Victoria, Australia. 10 pp. General disclaimer This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not ISSN 1835-4785 guarantee that the publication is without flaw of ISBN 978-1-74264-293-2 any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. Baywide Monitoring of Key Fishery Species in Seagrass Beds Progress Report #5 ii Table of Contents List of Tables ...........................................................................................................................................................
[Show full text]
STINGRAYS Blotched Fantail Ray at a Depth of 19 Meters
STINGRAYS Blotched Fantail Ray at a depth of 19 meters, Wolf Rock, off Double Island Point (Rainbow Beach), Queensland, 4 August 2006, (Australian Museum) Introduction Rays are the largest type of venomous fish. They are among the commonest causes of fish-related injury and/or envenoming worldwide. Stingrays are usually placid animals that are non-threatening to humans except if disturbed. Injury is usually the result of traumatic contact with the stinging barb(s) of the animal’s tail. Although stingrays do have venom in their tail, the trauma of the injury is usually more important than any venom mediated effects. These traumatic injuries can be highly lethal, the most famous recent example being that of the death of Australian Wildlife adventurer, Steve Irwin in 2006. There is no specific antivenom, treatment is supportive, surgical and antibiotics for wound infections. Biology Rays are flat-bodied cartilaginous fish of the same class as sharks (Elasmobranchii). Kingdom: Animalia. Phylum: Chordata. Class: Chondrichthyes Subclass: Elasmobranchii Order: Myliobatiformes Suborder: Myliobatoidei Families (8): Hexatrygonidae, (Six gill stingrays) Plesiobatidae, (Deep water stingrays) Urolophidae, (Stingarees) Urotrygonidae, (Round rays) Dasyatidae, (Whiptail stingrays) Potamotrygonidae, (River stingrays) Gymnuridae, (Butterfly rays) Myliobatidae, (Eagle rays) Habitat Rays are found in temperate and tropical waters worldwide. Numerous species of are found in waters all around Australia. They are also found in freshwater systems in tropical regions around South America, Africa, and South East Asia. Pathophysiology Although stingray barbs do carry venom, it is generally not highly toxic to humans. Far more dangerous is the penetrating injury caused by the barb itself. The sharp bony spine produces a laceration and simultaneously leaves venom in the wound.
[Show full text]
On the Exploitation of Elasmobranchs, with Emphasis on Cowtail Stingray Pastinachus Sephen (Family Dasyatidae)
On the Exploitation of Elasmobranchs, with Emphasis on Cowtail Stingray Pastinachus sephen (Family Dasyatidae) The Pew Charitable Trusts On the Exploitation of Elasmobranchs, with Emphasis on Cowtail Stingray Pastinachus sephen (Family Dasyatidae) D. Pauly, S. Booth, V. Christensen, W.L., Cheung, C. Close, A. Kitchingman, M.L.D. Palomares, R. Watson, and D. Zeller Sea Around Us Project Fisheries Centre The University of British Columbia 2202 Main Mall Vancouver, Canada, V6T 1Z4 2 Sea Around Us: Exploitation of Elasmobranchs TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary................................................................................................................ 4 Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 5 Fishery biology of Stingrays, with emphasis on Pastinachus sephen.................................... 6 ‘Stock assessments’ using time series data of catches ...........................................................9 Analyses of catch time series of rays by FAO area..........................................................10 Analyses of catch time series of rays by LME .................................................................11 Summary of results from FAO areas and LME................................................................ 13 Rays in ecosystem models: experience from the Gulf of Thailand......................................14 More on the intrinsic vulnerability of rays, and particularly P. sephen ..............................
[Show full text]
Australia's Coral
Australia’s Coral Sea: A Biophysical Profile 2011 Dr Daniela Ceccarelli 2011 Dr Daniela Ceccarelli Coral Sea: A Biophysical Profile Australia’s Australia’s Coral Sea A Biophysical Profile Dr. Daniela Ceccarelli August 2011 Australia’s Coral Sea: A Biophysical Profile Photography credits Author: Dr. Daniela M. Ceccarelli Front and back cover: Schooling great barracuda © Jurgen Freund Dr. Daniela Ceccarelli is an independent marine ecology Page 1: South West Herald Cay, Coringa-Herald Nature Reserve © Australian Customs consultant with extensive training and experience in tropical marine ecosystems. She completed a PhD in coral reef ecology Page 2: Coral Sea © Lucy Trippett at James Cook University in 2004. Her fieldwork has taken Page 7: Masked booby © Dr. Daniela Ceccarelli her to the Great Barrier Reef and Papua New Guinea, and to remote reefs of northwest Western Australia, the Coral Sea Page 12: Humphead wrasse © Tyrone Canning and Tuvalu. In recent years she has worked as a consultant for government, non-governmental organisations, industry, Page 15: Pink anemonefish © Lucy Trippett education and research institutions on diverse projects requiring field surveys, monitoring programs, data analysis, Page 19: Hawksbill turtle © Jurgen Freund reporting, teaching, literature reviews and management recommendations. Her research and review projects have Page 21: Striped marlin © Doug Perrine SeaPics.com included studies on coral reef fish and invertebrates, Page 22: Shark and divers © Undersea Explorer seagrass beds and mangroves, and have required a good understanding of topics such as commercial shipping Page 25: Corals © Mark Spencer impacts, the effects of marine debris, the importance of apex predators, and the physical and biological attributes Page 27: Grey reef sharks © Jurgen Freund of large marine regions such as the Coral Sea.
[Show full text]